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Chapter1:FundamentalsofFluidMechanics
1. If the specific weight of a liquid is 8 kN/ m3, what is its mass density?
Solution:
Data given:
Therefore,
8000
815.5
9.81
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Solution:
Data given:
Specific gravity of a liquid, S=0.8
From the definition of specific gravity, we have,
Therefore,
But,
1.25 10
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Solution:
Data given:
30000
7500
4
7500
764.53
9.81
7500
0.76
9810
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4. One liter of petrol weighs 7.02 N. Calculate the specific weight, density,
Solution:
Data given:
Weight, W=7.02 N; volume, V= 1 L= 0.001 m3
To find specific weight:
7.02
0.001
7020 7.02
716
1.395 10
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Solution:
200000
287 30 273
2.3
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6. Calculate the gas constant and density of certain gas weighing 14.7 N/m3
Solution:
Using relation,
14.7
14.7
1.5
9.81
196.2 1000
1.5 273 30
430
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shear stress is required to deform this fluid at a strain rate of 5000 s-1?
Solution:
Data given:
Viscosity of carbon tetra chloride, = 0.000967 N.s /m2; shear strain, du/dy
= 5000 s-1
0.000967 5000
4.84
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8. A plate 0.5 mm distant from a fixed plate moves at 0.25 m/s and
Solution:
Data given:
0.25
2.0
0.0005
.
0.00400
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9. Two horizontal flat plates are placed 0.15mm apart and the space
between them is filled with an oil of viscosity 1poise. The upper plate of
Solution:
Distance between two plates = 0.15 mm
Area of the plate =1.5 m2
Viscosity of the oil = 1 Poise= 0.1 N.s/m2
Velocity of the upper plate, u= 0.5 m/s
Using the relation,
0.5
0.1 333.33 /
0.15 10
Shear force is given by,
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0.84
At y=0;
3
0.84 0.63
4
At y=0.2 m;
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11. The specific gravity of water at 200C is 0.998 and its viscosity is
Solution:
Data given:
0.998
9810
Therefore,
9790.38 /
9790.38
998
9.81
0.001008
1.009 10
998
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Velocitygradient
Cylinder
70mm 69mm Piston
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Solution:
7.5 10
0.002
3.75 10
1 1
3.75 10
0.267 10
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14. A 20 mm wide gap between two vertical plane surfaces is filled with an
oil of specific gravity 0.85 and dynamic viscosity 2.5 N s/m2. A metal
plate 1.25m x 1.25m x 0.2cm thick and weighing 30 N is placed midway
in the gap. Find the force if the plate is to be lifted up with a constant
velocity of 0.12 m/sec. (Ans: 134.17 N)
Solution:
Plate1.25mX1.25mX0.2cm
0.9 0.9
30
20
Here,
0.12
30 2.0 1.25 1.25 2.5
0.009
134.17
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5 1mm
12
u=0.2m/s
Weight=392.4N
Solution:
Inclination of the inclined plane is given by,
5
tan
12
22.62
2
Area of the plate, A= 1 m ; Weight of the plate, W= 392.4 N; Velocity of the
plate, u= 0.2 m/s; Thickness of the film, t= 1 mm = 1 X 10-3 m
Here,
sin 22.62
392.4 0.385 150.92
1
Using the relation,
150.92
0.755 . /
0.2
1 10
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16. A liquid has a viscosity of 0.005 N.s/m2 and density of 850 kg/m3.
Solution:
0.005
5.882 10
850
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17. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of diameter 12 cm.
Solution:
12
0.040 4 10 2
2
36.2 10 .
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18. Neglecting the weight of the wire, what force is required to lift a thin
(Ans: 0.0183N)
Solution:
Two surfaces at the ring resist the lifting force, by assuming d<<D, we can
write,
40
2 0.0728
1000
0.0183
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19. What is the pressure within a 1mm diameter spherical droplet of water
Solution:
4 0.073
292
0.001
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200C. Determine the height of water which will rise in the tube. Take
Solution:
2 cos
2 0.075 cos 60
3.06
5
1000 9.81
2 1000
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21. Find the capillary rise in a 3mm glass tube when immersed vertically in
Solution:
2 cos
2 0.071 cos 0
3
1000 9.81
2 1000
9.69
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Solution:
2 cos
2 0.0742 cos 0
1000 9.81 0.004
0.0038 3.8
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23. At 300C what diameter glass tube is necessary to keep the capillary
Solution:
2 cos
1 2 0.0172 cos 0
1000 9.81 996
0.0146 14.6
Therefore,
Diameter is,
2 2 14.6 29.2
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Using the result, find the surface tension in a soap bubble of 50mm
Solution:
For the derivation, please see the section pressure inside a water droplet.
8
1.96
50
1000
0.01225