5/5/2017 WolframMathematicaWikipedia

WolframMathematica
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

WolframMathematica(usuallytermedMathematica,
Mathematicasoftwaresuite)isamathematicalsymbolic WolframMathematica
computationprogram,sometimestermedacomputer
algebrasystemorprogram,usedinmanyscientific,
engineering,mathematical,andcomputingfields.Itwas
conceivedbyStephenWolframandisdevelopedby
WolframResearchofChampaign,Illinois.[7][8]TheWolfram
Languageistheprogramminglanguageusedin
Mathematica.[9]

Contents
1 Features
2 TheNotebookinterface
3 Highperformancecomputing
4 Deployment
5 Connectionswithotherapplications
6 Computabledata
7 Reception
8 History Mathematica8.0.0Linuxfrontend
9 Seealso
10 References Developer(s) WolframResearch
11 Externallinks Initialrelease June23,1988[1]

Stablerelease 11.1.1 (April25,2017) [](https://en.wiki

Features pedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Latest
_stable_software_release/Mathematica&actio

n=edit)[2]
FeaturesofWolframMathematicainclude:[10]
Writtenin WolframLanguage, [3]C/C++,Java
Librariesofmathematicalelementaryfunctionsand
specialfunctions andMathematica[4]
Supportforcomplexnumber,arbitraryprecision Platform Windows(7,8,10),macOS,Linux,
arithmetic,intervalarithmetic,andsymbolic
computation Raspbian,onlineservice. [5]All
Matrixanddatamanipulationtoolsincludingsupport platformssupport64bit
forsparsearrays implementations. [6](list)(http://ww
2Dand3Ddata,functionandgeovisualizationand
w.wolfram.com/mathematica/system
animationtools
Solversforsystemsofequations,diophantine requirements.html)
equations,ordinarydifferentialequations(ODEs), Availablein English,Chinese,Japanese
partialdifferentialequations(PDEs),differential
Type Computeralgebra,numerical
algebraicequations(DAEs),delaydifferential
equations(DDEs),stochasticdifferentialequations computations,information
(SDEs),andrecurrencerelations visualization,statistics,userinterface
Finiteelementanalysisincluding2Dand3Dadaptive creation
meshgeneration
License Proprietary
Numericandsymbolictoolsfordiscreteand
continuouscalculusincludingcontinuousanddiscrete Website www.wolfram.com/mathematica(htt
integraltransforms p://www.wolfram.com/mathematica)

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Constrainedandunconstrainedlocalandglobal
optimization
Multivariatestatisticslibrariesincludingfitting,
hypothesistesting,andprobabilityand
expectationcalculationsonover160
distributions.
Supportforcensoreddata,temporaldata,time
series,andunitbaseddata
Calculationsandsimulationsonrandom
processesandqueues
Supervisedandunsupervisedmachinelearning
toolsfordata,imagesandsoundsincluding
artificialneuralnetworks
Toolsfortextminingincludingregular
expressionsandsemanticanalysis
Dataminingtoolssuchasclusteranalysis,
sequencealignmentandpatternmatching
Computationalgeometryin2D,3Dandhigher
dimensions
Librariesforsignalprocessingincludingwavelet
analysisonsounds,imagesanddata
Linearandnonlinearcontrolsystemlibraries
Toolsfor2Dand3Dimageprocessing[11]and
morphologicalimageprocessingincludingimage
recognition
Toolsforvisualizingandanalysingdirectedand
undirectedgraphs
Toolsforcombinatoricproblems
Numbertheoryfunctionlibrary
Toolsforfinancialcalculationsincludingbonds,
annuities,derivatives,optionsetc. Dini'ssurfaceplottedwithadjustableparameters
Grouptheoryandsymbolictensorfunctions
Importandexportfiltersfordata,images,video,sound,computeraideddesign(CAD),geographic
informationsystems(GIS),[12]documentandbiomedicalformats
Databasecollectionformathematical,scientific,andsocioeconomicinformationandaccesstoWolfram
Alphadataandcomputations
Technicalwordprocessingincludingformulaeditorandautomatedreportgenerator
Programminglanguagesupportingprocedural,functional,andobjectorientedconstructs
Toolkitforaddinguserinterfacestocalculationsandapplications
Toolsforcreatinganddeployingcloudbasedcomputationalapplicationsandservices
Toolstoconnecttodynamiclinklibrary(DLL),StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL),Java,.NET,C++,
Fortran,CUDA,OpenCL,andHypertextTransferProtocol(HTTP)basedsystems
Toolsforparallelprogramming
Usingboth"freeformlinguisticinput"(anaturallanguageuserinterface)[13][14]andWolframLanguage
innotebookwhenconnectedtotheInternet

TheNotebookinterface
WolframMathematicaissplitintotwoparts,thekernelandthefrontend.Thekernelinterpretsexpressions
(WolframLanguagecode)andreturnsresultexpressions.

Thefrontend,designedbyTheodoreGray[15]in1988,providesaGUI,whichallowsthecreationandediting
ofNotebookdocuments[16]containingprogramcodewithprettyprinting,formattedtexttogetherwithresults
includingtypesetmathematics,graphics,GUIcomponents,tables,andsounds.Allcontentandformattingcan
begeneratedalgorithmicallyoreditedinteractively.Standardwordprocessingcapabilitiesaresupported,
includingrealtimemultilingualspellchecking.
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Documentscanbestructuredusingahierarchyofcells,whichallowforoutliningandsectioningofadocument
andsupportautomaticnumberingindexcreation.Documentscanbepresentedinaslideshowenvironmentfor
presentations.NotebooksandtheircontentsarerepresentedasMathematicaexpressionsthatcanbecreated,
modifiedoranalyzedbyMathematicaprogramsorconvertedtootherformats.

Thefrontendincludesdevelopmenttoolssuchasadebugger,inputcompletion,andautomaticsyntax
highlighting.

AmongthealternativefrontendsistheWolframWorkbench,anEclipsebasedintegrateddevelopment
environment(IDE),introducedin2006.ItprovidesprojectbasedcodedevelopmenttoolsforMathematica,
includingrevisionmanagement,debugging,profiling,andtesting.[17]ThereisapluginforIntelliJIDEAbased
IDEstoworkwithWolframLanguagecodewhichinadditiontosyntaxhighlightingcananalyseandauto
completelocalvariablesanddefinedfunctions.[18]TheMathematicaKernelalsoincludesacommandlinefront
end.[19]OtherinterfacesincludeJMath,[20]basedonGNUreadlineandMASH[21]whichrunsselfcontained
Mathematicaprograms(witharguments)fromtheUNIXcommandline.

Highperformancecomputing
Inrecentyears,thecapabilitiesforhighperformancecomputinghavebeenextendedwiththeintroductionof
packedarrays(version4,1999)[22]andsparsematrices(version5,2003),[23]andbyadoptingtheGNUMulti
PrecisionLibrarytoevaluatehighprecisionarithmetic.

Version5.2(2005)addedautomaticmultithreadingwhencomputationsareperformedonmulticore
computers.[24]ThisreleaseincludedCPUspecificoptimizedlibraries.InadditionMathematicaissupportedby
thirdpartyspecialistaccelerationhardwaresuchasClearSpeed.[25]

In2002,gridMathematicawasintroducedtoallowuserlevelparallelprogrammingonheterogeneousclusters
andmultiprocessorsystems[26]andin2008parallelcomputingtechnologywasincludedinallMathematica
licensesincludingsupportforgridtechnologysuchasWindowsHPCServer2008,MicrosoftComputeCluster
ServerandSunGrid.

SupportforCUDAandOpenCLGPUhardwarewasaddedin2010.Also,sinceversion8itcangenerateC
code,whichisautomaticallycompiledbyasystemCcompiler,suchasGCCorMicrosoftVisualStudio.

Deployment
ThereareseveralwaystodeployapplicationswritteninWolframMathematica:

MathematicaPlayerProisaruntimeversionofMathematicathatwillrunanyMathematicaapplication
butdoesnotalloweditingorcreationofthecode.[27]
Afreeofchargeversion,WolframCDFPlayer,isprovidedforrunningMathematicaprogramsthathave
beensavedintheComputableDocumentFormat(CDF).[28]ItcanalsoviewstandardMathematicafiles,
butnotrunthem.ItincludespluginsforcommonwebbrowsersonWindowsandMacintosh.
webMathematicaallowsawebbrowsertoactasafrontendtoaremoteMathematicaserver.Itis
designedtoallowauserwrittenapplicationtoberemotelyaccessedviaabrowseronanyplatform.It
maynotbeusedtogivefullaccesstoMathematica.Duetobandwidthlimitationsinteractive3Dgraphics
isnotfullysupportedwithinawebbrowser.
WolframLanguagecodecanbeconvertedtoCcodeortoanautomaticallygeneratedDLL.
WolframLanguagecodecanberunonaWolframcloudserviceasawebapporasanAPIeitheron
WolframhostedserversorinaprivateinstallationoftheWolframEnterprisePrivateCloud.

Connectionswithotherapplications
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CommunicationwithotherapplicationsoccursthroughaprotocolcalledWolframSymbolicTransferProtocol
(WSTP).ItallowscommunicationbetweentheWolframMathematicakernelandfrontend,andalsoprovidesa
generalinterfacebetweenthekernelandotherapplications.[29]WolframResearchfreelydistributesadeveloper
kitforlinkingapplicationswrittenintheprogramminglanguageCtotheMathematicakernelthroughWSTP.
UsingJ/Link.,[30]aJavaprogramcanaskMathematicatoperformcomputationslikewise,aMathematica
programcanloadJavaclasses,manipulateJavaobjectsandperformmethodcalls.Similarfunctionalityis
achievedwith.NET/Link,[31]butwith.NETprogramsinsteadofJavaprograms.Otherlanguagesthatconnect
toMathematicaincludeHaskell,[32]AppleScript,[33]Racket,[34]VisualBasic,[35]Python[36][37]andClojure.[38]

LinksareavailabletomanymathematicalsoftwarepackagesincludingOpenOffice.orgCalc,[39]Microsoft
Excel,[40]MATLAB,[41][42][43]R,[44]SageMath(whichcanalsopullupMathematica),[45][46][47][48]Singular,[49]
WolframSystemModeler,andOrigin.[50]Mathematicalequationscanbeexchangedwithothercomputational
ortypesettingsoftwareviaMathML.

CommunicationwithStructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)databasesisachievedthroughbuiltinsupportforJava
DatabaseConnectivity(JDBC).[51]MathematicacanalsoinstallwebservicesfromaWebServicesDescription
Language(WSDL)description.[52][53]ItcanaccessHDFSdataviaHadoop.[54]

MathematicacancallavarietyofcloudservicestoretrieveorsenddataincludingArXiv,Bing,ChemSpider,
CrossRef,Dropbox,Facebook,FederalReserve,Fitbit,Flickr,Google(Analytics,Calendar,Contacts,search,
translate),Instagram,LinkedIn,MailChimp,MicrosoftTranslator]],Mixpanel,MusicBrainz,OpenLibrary,
OpenPHACTS,PubChem,PubMed,Pushbullet,Reddit,RunKeeper,SeatGeek,SurveyMonkey,Twilio,
Twitter,WikipediaandYelp.

MathematicacancapturerealtimedataviaalinktoLabVIEW,[55]fromfinancialdatafeeds[56]anddirectly
fromhardwaredevicesviaGPIB(IEEE488),[57]USB[58]andserialinterfaces.[59]Itautomaticallydetectsand
readsfromHIDdevices.

Computabledata
WolframMathematicaincludescollectionsofcurated
dataprovidedforuseincomputations.Mathematicais
alsointegratedwithWolframAlpha,anonlineservice
whichprovidesadditionaldata,someofwhichiskept
updatedinrealtime.Someofthedatasetsinclude
astronomical,chemical,geopolitical,language,
biomedicalandweatherdata,inadditionto
mathematicaldata(suchasknotsandpolyhedra).[60]

Reception
BYTEin1989listedMathematicaasamongthe Astreamplotofliveweatherdata
"Distinction"winnersoftheBYTEAwards,statingthat
it"isanotherbreakthroughMacintoshapplication...it
couldenableyoutoabsorbthealgebraandcalculusthatseemedimpossibletocomprehendfroma
textbook".[61]

History

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WolframMathematicabuiltontheideasinColeandWolfram'searlierSymbolicManipulationProgram
(SMP).[62][63]Thenameoftheprogram"Mathematica"wassuggestedtoStephenWolframbyApplecofounder
SteveJobsalthoughWolframhadthoughtaboutitearlierandrejectedit.[64]

Seealso
Comparisonofcomputer Dynamicprogramming Mathematicalmarkup
algebrasystems language language
Comparisonofmulti Fourthgeneration Mathematicalsoftware
paradigmprogramming programminglanguage WolframAlpha,aweb
languages Functionalprogramming answerengine
Comparisonofnumerical Listofcomputeralgebra WolframLanguage
analysissoftware systems WolframSystemModeler,a
Comparisonofprogramming Listofcomputersimulation physicalmodelingand
languages software simulationtoolwhich
Comparisonofregular Listofgraphingsoftware integrateswithMathematica
expressionengines Literateprogramming
ComputationalX
Dynamicprogramming Mathematicalmarkup
References

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Externallinks
Officialwebsite(http://www.wolfram.com/mathematica)
MathematicaDocumentationCenter(http://reference.wolfram.com/)
Imageidentification(http://www.imageidentify.com/)websitepoweredbyMathematica
WolframDemonstrationsProject(http://demonstrations.wolfram.com)Mathematicabased
demonstrations
AlittlebitofMathematicahistory(http://12000.org/my_notes/compare_mathematica/index.htm)
documentingthegrowthofcodebaseandnumberoffunctionsovertime
WolframScreencast&VideoGallery:HandsonStarttoMathematica(http://www.wolfram.com/broadca
st/c?c=141&&disp=list#chan)

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