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1.What's corrosion?

Corrosion is the deterioration of a substance or its properties because of a


reaction with its environment.

(this definition implies that not only the deterioration of metals but that of
wood;ceramics;plastics;etc.can be included in the term corrosion)

2.The word "failure" is present in many corrosion deports .then what's a


failure?

It's the inability of a material to fulfill all aspects of the application for which
it was selected.

3.How many forms of corrosion are there?

One;or as many as 60;depending whom you ask .Some experts in corrosion


have the right answer :"just a few".

In table I there is a list of varietes of corrosin .

4.Is it importa to schedule shutdowns?

Yes.It is good practice to plan periodic shutdowns of equipment for inspection


and maintenance purposes .

Of course;if you don't plant it;emergencies sometimes arise requiring


unscheduled shutdowns.

5.What is a good frequency for shutdowns?

It depends on your criteria and needs.Coordinate with other reas;check


jhow good the back up units are and the economics involved.

6.Why do materials fail?

Failures of materials in service usual ly are traceable to misapplications


resulting from :

-Choice of the wrong material

-Improper treatment or fabrication of the material

-Inadequately controlled (or defined) environment or bad operation of


equipment

-Improper desing
7.Why is it important a visual examination of materials which have failed in
service?

Examination of samples prior to cleaning or patching is highly desirable

A visual examination will help to detect at least 8 common forms of corrosin


:

_Uniform (or general attack)

_Pitting (sometimes caused by a crecive)

_Intergranular corrision

_Selective leaching (many uniform)

-Galvanic or bi-metalic corrosion

-Crevice corrosion or concentration cell corrosion

-Erosion-corrosion

-Stress corrosion (sometimes is intergranular)

8.What is the best way to select a material?

According to your environment, need, use,etc.,check the technical


literature.This will help you to decide which materials cannot be used rather
than in deciding which ones can be used.Narrowing your choice of materials
to a few ones is useful for a final choice.

Check your choice with materials suppliers, which usually give a good advice
because abad application of their products may result in damagind
publicity.

9.List causes for corrosion reactions of electrochemical nature.

Causes of corrosion currents due to differences in potential which may


develop on metal surfaces are summarized as follows:

-Impurities in the metal

-Orientations of grains

-Grain boundaries

-Differential grain size


-Differential heat treatment

-Surface roughness

-Local scractches or abrasions

-Difference in shape

-Differential strain

-Differential pre-exposure to air or oxygen

-Differential concentration or composition of solution

-Differential aeration

-Differential heating

_Differential illumination

-Differential agitation

-Contact with dissimilar metals

-Externalty applied potentials

-Complex cells.

10.What is galvanic corrosion?

It is the special attack of one metal (ANODE) which is electrically connected


witch other metal(CATHODE) that remains relatively free of attack.

Galvanic corrosion may occur even when similarmetals are involved due to
differences in physical state or difference in composition of the environment
adjacent to certain areas of the metal system.

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