Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Finnish
SUOMEA KESKUSTELLEN
Conversational Finnish is the work of the FSI School of Language Studies Finnish teaching
staff, under the direction of H. David Argoff.
The work of the many staff members was coordinated by Aili Rytknen-Bell, who also compiled
the major part of the text material, including the structural notes. The staff
contributed to the text material and provided welcome criticism at various stages of the
wri ting process.
Special contributions were made in the following areas: Kaija Juusela did sorne of the
illustrations and compiled most of the practice in pronunciation drills. Seija
Level-Johnson edited the glossary and provided valuable advice on the classification of
derivations. Lea Christiansen edited the structural notes. Heini Parko typed the text
onto the word-processing system. Pirjo Gezari helped with the Ulustrations and sang the
national anthem on the tape. Marjukka Scheinin wrote the area studies readings. And last
but not least, Kaija Wilson did the English translations and typed and corrected the earlier
drafts. We also wish to thank the several generations of Finnish students for bearing with us
during the development and field testing of this text and for giving us their much-appreciated
suggestions and advice.
Tapes were voiced by Aili Rytknen-Bel!, Lea Christiansen, Harry von Fieandt, Juha-Pekka
Rentto, and Kaija Wilson. The tapes were produced with the technical assistance of Mark
Macklow of the FSI Language Laboratory, under the direction of Jose Ramirez.
Anne Meagher, from the FSI Audio-Visual Facility, provided some of the illustrationsand
designed the cover. The manuscript was edited by Hedy A. st. Denis. Arrangements for final
publication were made by Ronald A. C. Goodison.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following publishers and authors have generously given permission to reprint illustrations:
from Lukion idinkieli 1, WSOY, pp. IV-14, V-8, VI-12, VII-4; from APU pp. IV-8, V-18,
VII-17 (adapted) by Olavi Hurmerinta; pp. 1-29, IV-19, VII-8, VII-15, X-8 by Hannu Marttinen;
from Helsingin Sanomat, pp. IV-15, IV-16, App. VI-9 ~ 1980 by Kari; pp. 11-19, 11-20
(adapted) by Tarmo Koivisto; pp. VIII-22, X-IO ~ 1980 by Camille Mickwitz; Let's Have a Sauna,
Sauna-Seura, Inc. pp. VIII-II, VIII-12 ~ by Henrik Tikkanen; from Valitut Palat the text on
p. XI-21 ~ 1978.
The sources of the following illustrations are: Elv kielt 1, 2, Kirjayhtym, pp. 1-18,
1-25, 11-23, 11-25, V-31, VIII-21, VIII-25 by Anssi Asunta; p. XIII-12 by Eeva Mehto;
p. VIII-IO (adapted) in Ilta-Sanomat; pp. VIII-15, VIII-16 (adapted) in Tieliikennekirja;
pp. 11-12, IV-19 in Finnish Basic Course, Monterey, CA, Army Language School, 1956 & 1957.
AS you move through this textbook, you will find it is built around principles which
emphasize the development of basic communicative skills. The speech samples in this text
reflect the language as it is spoken in practical, everyday social situations. The objective
of each section is to introduce and to expand your ability to use the principal features of
the Finnish language to satisfy your social and professional needs in the host country. The
structure is introduced in large chunks for overview, and smaller pieces are practiced
cyclically to give you flexible control of the structure with review and reinforcement built
in.
The aim and purpose of your textbook, Conversational Finnish, is to serve as a basic course.
with this book you are expected to develop the skills needed for fluent workable proficiency
in Finnish. This translates to aleveI of 2 to 2+ on the Interagency Language
Roundtable (ILR) scale and -advanced- proficiency on the ACTFL scale~ This book is designed
for the first six months of an intensive ten-month course in US government language schools.
This book is also suitable for self-study. To facilitate its use for independent study,
English translations, tapes, and answer keys are provided for practically alI the Finnish
text. The textbook is accompanied by tapes, a dictionary, and a workbook (with tapes).
Conversational Finnish is organized into 14 topical units with structural notes in the end of
each unit. The first four units should be studied in sequence as a block but after Unit V
they can be studied individually in any sequence.
xi
Each day or unit should begin with your own dialogs. Think about how you would approach a Finn in
a particular situation such as, for example, -Getting to know you.- How would the encounter g07
what would you want to say7 What do you think the Finn would say7 How would you answer7 Use
your instructor as an informant and ask him/her: -How do you say X in Finnish?- Your teacher
will help you to say what ~ want in Finnish.
Hearing it
You will begin the units by listening to the taped dialogs. First try to understand as much as
you can. Then listen again and get used to the stress, rhythm and intonation of Finnish and learn
to associate the sound with the spelling. AlI the dialogs are taped both in standard Finnish and
in more frequently spoken, colloquial Finnish. usethe tapes for independent study to work upon
your comprehension of both standard and colloquial Finnish, pronunciation, and repetition.
Dialogs
Each unit has a collection of independent sequences (speech samples), which are divided into three
columns: standard Finnish, colloquial Finnish, and English translation. Although standard
Finnish is usually the language of the media, colloquial Finnish is very widely used in
conversation. You are expected to comprehend, remember, and reproduce standard Finnish dialogs
with oral facility. Beginning language students are only required to listen to the colloquial
Finnish dialogs. Later on the colloquial speech will be used actively in oral communication.
After hearing it, start sequence 1 on page 1-6. Your teacher will be your model now, and you
should try to imitate him/her. After yQu have learned sequence 1, your instructor will help you
with the details of pronunciation.
The expansions of the dialogs on the opposite page serve several purposes. They amplify the
original dialog through substitutions and variations, which offer practice at various stylistic
levels utilizing the basic expressions of the model dialogs. The expansions provide structured
and semi-structured practice together with the workbook. Function practices at the end of each
unit involve role play and give ample opportunity for unstructured practice.
xii
To provide extra vocabulary for substitutions, you can utilize the word block at the beginning of
each unit. Each word in the block ia followed by a number, which indicates the inflectional type
of nouna (CNO) and the conjugational type of verbs (CTV) (see Appendix 111).
uae the tables in Appendix 111 t~ learn to use the words in their various forms. It is important
to know which type of word you are using to get the inflected forms correct in speech.
Pronunciation
Notes on pronunciation with some exercises are at the beginning of the text, but more amplified
exercises are in the workbook. The pronunciation exercises should be done for the first time in
the classroom with the instructor soon after the first dialogs have been introduced. Afterwards
they can be worked on independently in the lab or at home. During the first two weeks, special
attention should be paid to pronunciation, stress, rhythm, and intonation. After that, particular
points of pronunciation can be taken up individually.
Comprehension exercises
You will find additional listening material in each unit which includes real life information
(telephone services, weather reports, travel advisory reports, etc.) and overheard conversations
in different situations with accompanying tasks for students. You are expected to utilize both
your knowledge of Finnish and any other -real world- knowledge to get the gist of what the
situation is and what is being said. some exercises involve recalling and explaining in your own
words what the overheard conversation was about.
5tructural notes
structural notes are presented at the end of each unit. They are meant to be studied within that
unit together with the corresponding exerciaes in the workbook. The structural points are
inevitably introduced in a somewhat arbitrary order because the texts represent language in its
fullest from the very baginning. cross-references are provided, however, BO that atructural
points can be explained in any 'order depending on individual needa and desirea.
They are marked with unit numbers I-XIV and letters A-Z for the order that they appear in each
unit.
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Exercises
Each unit of text has a corresponding unit in the workbook. Therefore, there are no
cross-references. you will find the exercises for a structuralpoint explained in a certain unit
of text in the unit of same number in the workbook. We recommend that you do the exercises
outside the classroom or at home. Also, special exercises have been devised for practicing
consonant gradation (see the workbook).
Glossary
The glossary includes alI the words in the texts except those introduced in the comprehension
exercises. The words are listed in their inflected forms as they occur in the text. In addition
to providing help with the vocabulary, this type of giossary familiarizes you with the structure
of Finnish and helps you to find the dictionary forms of words, which are not always easily
determined from the inflected form.
Graded reading with its own glossary is found in the Workbook. There are many ways of working
with this material, including skimming, scanning, translating, summarizing, grammar and vocabulary
building, etc. Your teacher will be your best guide to exploiting the readings to your own best
advantage.
xiv
!Io-ao l I Finnish has eight vowel sounds and fourteen consonant sounds.
Most sounds in Finnish may be either short or long. The long sound has the same general quality as the
short one; it is only prolonged 2 to 3 times the length of the short ones. It is very important to
distinguish clearly between long and short sounds because the difference affects the meaning of the
word,as you will see in the following examples. In writing, the long sounds are indicated by writing
the letters twice. Listen to the tape and follow the text~
VOWELS
0 like a in hat ht
need, distress
ht
--
ta evict, turn out
0 like i in kit
but with rounded lips
r,lPp1.
wrinkle
ruppy
drink
(like French u, German ii)
0 like e in met
but with rounded lips
keitti
kitchen
keittin
into the kitchen
(like French eu, German )
GJ like
like
u
a
in
in
n.!;!t (when short)
father (when long)
sata
hundred
sataa
it rains p-l
Diphthongs ending in -i
B nainen
woman B uida
to swim ~ piv
day
0 neiti
Miss 0 ml!.
he sold ~ si
he ate
B poika
boy
Diphthongs ending in -u
El hauska
niee G hiukan
a litt1e
B seutu
region B rouva
Mrs.
Diphthongs ending in -y
k!x.tt 121t
to use to find
Others
mies Suomi I.
man Finland night
Note: JO words Iike 'kauhea the final -e-a is not a diphthong but a vowel eombination
caused by the historieal disappearance of a consonant.
P-2
0 like k 1n dus~y
Compare
kuka
who
blacking to
kukka
flower
blac~ ~ing
1n order to learn to pronounce the unaspirated consonants p, t, k say aloud the English words
below with and without s-. The sound of p, t, k imrnediately after s- in English is the
unaspirated Finnish sound. Ready? Begin:
There are two consonant sounds which do not have a aymbol of their own 1n writing:
El as 1n banker Helsinki
kenk-
ahoe
no long sound
The short sound -nk- onlf occurs when -n- ia before -k-. The long ~ound 1s written
-ng- but i9 actually pronounced as ln s1.!!2,ing-
P-4
The following consonants may occur in words borrowed reeently into Finnish from other languages:
The foreign letters e, q, w, x, and z are included in the Finnish alphabet and pronounced
in the following way:
c like s/k
q like k
w like v
x like ka
z like ta
Consonant elusters
Eaeh consonant in a consonant eluster is pronouneed in the same way as it would be in isolation.
GLOTTAL STOP
In the speeeh of most Finnish speakers there is a so-ealled glottal stop, e.g., the sudden c105ing and
release of the voeal ehords. The glottal stop, whieh has no symbol in writing, occurs before initial
vowels and in eertain words after the final vowel, especially -e. When a consonant f0110ws, the
glottal stop sounds like doubling of the consonant.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
a aa j jii t tee
(b bee) k koo u uu
(f f/ef; ff/eff) 0 00 y yy
i ii r r/er/rr/err
s s/es; ss/ess -
Note: The letters in parentheses occur only in words of c1ear1y foreign origin, e.g.,foreign names
and recent 10an words.
EXERCISES
2. Now say each letter one at a time and then listen to it on the tape.
3. Spe11 the fol1owing Finnish and Swedish place names: Jyvskyl, Lappeenranta, Lauttasaari,
Kauniainen, Loviisa, Raahe, 80rg&, Hang, bo, land.
4. Spe1l your name and those of your teacher and fe110w students.
p-6
-lla -ll
-saa -ss
-lta -lt
Noun + back vowel -a 0 - Noun + front vowel
ending -vat -vt ending
-ko -k
-ta u -t
-na -n
The vowels in endings that are attached to Finnish words must follow the front/back distinction of
vowela in the stern. This phenomenon is called vowel harmony.
a word containing on1y front vowe1(s) and /or neutra1 vowel(s) must have front vowel endings
-, -6, -y (+) -e, -1 + -ll etc.
a word containing any back vowel(s) (even back vowels plus neutral vowels) must have back
vowel endings
-a, -0, -u + -11a etc.
Note: a word containing only neutral vowels most often has front vowel endings
-e, -1 + -11 etc.
in compound words only the last word of the compound shows vowel harmony
Primary stress: in these examples the stress mark (') follows the stressed syllable.
on the first syllable even in loan-words and names borrowed from other
languages which may have the original stress on some other syllable
in multisyllable words, including compound words, weaker stress usually on the 3rd, 5th, and
7th, etc. syllables
the stress on the first syllable of the second element in a compound word slightly
stronger than the secondary stress in a multisyllable word
INTONATION
Intonation in Finnish may sound very monotonic to you. There are very few ups and downs. The pitch
contour is generally descending. IMPORTANT: QUESTIONS ARE NEVER EXPRESSED BY INTONATION~
P-B
There may be one, and only one, eonsonant at the beginning of a syllable:
CONSONANT GRADATION
Consonant gradation is fundamental to Finnish phonology. Consonants may be said to have Wstrong
grade W or Wweak grade w It aetually eomes about because of a historieal evolution which is still in
progress. Beeause of that we find a great many seeming irregularities in the way words ehange when
they enter into grammatical use. You don't need to. learn how and why this happened yet. For now we
will simply introduce the subjeet to get you familiar with the sounds and rhythm of Finnish words as
they change under different grammatieal eonditions. We will return to this subjeet frequently
throughout the course. This seetion, however, ean continue to serVe as a quick referenee for you.
The underlined words here appear to have a different stern to whieh endings are attaehed.
P-9
Examine the underlined words in the examples above. You will notice that alI of them, in the
uninflected forms, contain either a p, t or k. The double and single consonants seem to alternate
with each other. This type of alternation is called consonant gradation.
For now, let's not concern ourselves with the details of Finnish grammar. lt is enough at this stage
to say that there are certain significant endings which are added toFinnish words. ln nouns,
adjectives, and pronouns these endings are referred to as cases (see structural notes l-C). We
generally refer to these cases by their standard grammatical names. The examples of consonant
gradation which follow use these case names, but it ie not necessary to explain these any further at
this time.
P-IO
Examine the words below. The second syllable of the words in the leftmost column, ends in a vwel and
is called open. These words have either kk, pp, or tt or k, p, t which is called the strong
grade. In the remaining three columns, because of a grammatical change, the syllables end in a
consonant and are called closed. Notice how kk has changed to single k: pp to single p:
tt to single t; single k has disappeared (zero : 0) or has become v or jJ single p has
chaoged to vJ single t to d. These forms are called the weak grade. This is illustrated in
the qUick reference table in the center of the page below.
(syllables are separated by -, endings capitalized, and the change in the stern underlined.)
Note: Consonant's grade is affected by the change in the following syllable irrespective of its
place in the word.
tut-tu tu-tum-maS-SA
--- P-ll
* In two very common wordswhen -k- disappears after -i-, i changes to j;
poi~a - polan, ai~a - ajan.
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Imagine the open syllable as an unguarded, vu1nerab1e place that needs strong, doub1e protection
at the front: luok-ka. - class
STRONG GRADE
LUO
The c10sed sy11able has a guard at the back door, an ext~a consonant -t, and thus it doesn't need
doub1e protection at the front: 1uo-kat - classes
WEAK GRADE
(Syllables are separated, endings capitalized, and the strong grade in the stern underlrned.)
Note: This does not app1y to nouns ending in -e or a consonant, or to verbs ending in
-t-a/-t- which fo11ow consonant gradation in a slight1y different way (see P-14l.
P-12
(Syllables are separated, endings capitalized, and the change in the stern underlined.)
consonant gradation may occur in alI words which have p, t, k whether they are nouns, adjectives,
numerals, or verbs. There are some exceptions:
Why a strong grade in a closed syllable? It's a historical relic. You don't really need. to know this,
exeept for the fact that it explains some of the other appearances of the illative. Compare
the illative forrns above with the illative forms in the following one-syllable words:
The original ending of the illative eonsisted of -h + vowel + -n, as in the following forms
which are still used in sorne dialects and poetry:
The long vowel in the illative case is the result of the historical disappearance of the -h between
the vowels, but the regular strong grade is preserved.
b) words ending in -e
Originally words ending in -e ended in a eonsonant, most of~en in -k, 'osoitek', which
explains the weak grade in the otherwise open syllable. The apostrophe after the final -e in the
current form of these words, 'osoite' is not marked in standard Finnish, but is used here to indicate
the consonant that historieally ended the word (see P-5 for glottal stop). These words
behave as if the final consonant were still there.
nominative genitive
osoi-te(k) osoit-te(h)en
osoite osoitteen
P-14
e) words ending in a eonsonant follow the same pattern as words ending in -e:
d) the so-ealled -t-a/-t- verbs (see '18 in the eTY, Appendix III) behave in an
exeeptional way and will be pointed out separateIy in diseussions of various verb forms
the I infinitive has the weak grade, like -v- in the exarnple 'ta~ata'
personal forms have the strong grade, Itke -p- in 'taEaan', even
though their endings ~lose the syllable and would norrnally eall for the weak grade
P-15
nt - nn nt - nn k - ff k - , k - j t- d t - d
Singular
1 (min) tunnen annan alan luen suljen tiedn lhden
you (sin) tunnet annat alat luet suljet tiedt lhdet
he/she hn tuntee antaa alkaa lukee sulkee tiet lhtee
Plural
. we (me) tunnemme annamme alamme luemme suljemme tiedmme lh,g,emme
you (te) tu.m!.ette annatte alat te luette sUljette tiedtte lhdette
they he tu,!!!evat a.!!!avat alkavat lukevat sul.!evat tietvt lhtevt
P-16
Answer
How do you do? Hyv piv. piv.
Good morning. Hyv huomenta. Huomenta.
Good afternoon. Huomenta. Nkemiin. Hyv piv. pi v.
Good evening. Hyv iltaa. Iltaa.
Hello: Terve: Tervet
HU Moit Hoit
Weleome~ Thanks: Tervetuloa: Kiitos.
Pleased to meet you. Hauska tutustua. Hauska tutustua.
(lit., niee to get aequainted)
HoW are you? Fine, thanks. Mit kuuluu? Kiitos hyv.
How are you feeling? Kuinka voitte? Kiitos hyvin.
Fine, thanks.
piv. Nkemiin.
Answer
Good night: Hyv yt: Hyv yt:
Good eveningt Hyv yt: Nkemiin.
Goodbye: Bye: Hyvsti: Hyvsti:
So longt Nkemiin. Nkemiin.
See you later Nkemiin .
Have fun~ Pitk hauskaat
Have a niee weekend: Hyv viikonloppua:
Thanks, same to you. Kiitos, sit samaa.
Bye: Iltaa. Hyv yt. Hei sitten: No hei:
Byet(on the phone) Kuulemiin. Kuulemiin.
1-1 yksi
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Other courtesy forms Muita kohteliaisuusmuotoja
Please. Olkaa hyv/ole hyv.
Exeuse me~ Sorry~ Anteeksi.
1 am sorry. Olen pahoillani.
Never mind. Ei se mitn.
Thank you. Kiitos/kiitti. (eolloq.)
You are welcome. Olkaa hyv/ole hyv.
Don't mention it. Ei kest.
Sorry, 1 didn't hear. Anteeksi, en kuullut.
Ta your health: Maljanne: Terveydeksi:
Cheers~ Skool~ Kippis USkooH
Toast to you: Kippis! Maljanne! (high style)
Toast to Finland~ Malja Suomelle~ (high style)
Thanks for your latest hospitality. Kiitos viimeisest.
Nouns Substantiiveja
address osoite (5) fall syksy (15) mUitary foreea armeija (4)
alr foree ilmavoimat (3) family perhe (5) Miss ne.iti (6)
America Amerikka (4) father is (2) Mr. herra (1)
apartment huoneisto (5) field, line ala (1) Mrs. rouva (2)
army maavoimat (3) af work
attaehe avustaja (3) Ftnland Suomi (8) n;lorning aamu(15), huomen (15)
birthday syntympiv (2) friend, ystv (3) motel motelli (7)
brother veli acquaintance tuttava (3)
eaptain kapteeni (7) mother iti (6)
eaptain (navy) kommodori (6)
ehild lapsi (12) girl tytt (15) name nimi (8)
eolonel eversti (6)
eommander komentaja (3) home koti (6) navy laivasto (16),
eourse kurssi (6) hotel hotelli (7) meri voimat (3)
elass luokka (2) house talo (1) night y (17)
daughter tytr (29) housewife kotirouva (2) profession ammatti (7), virka (1)
day piv (2) man (male) mies (35) residenee asunto (16)
department osasto (16) husband (my) mieheni road tie (17)
diplomat diplomaatti (6) lawyer tuomari (7) seasons vuodenajat (l)pl.
director johtaja (3) M.A. maisteri (7) self itse (6)
doetor (title) tohtori (7) major majuri (7) 8ign merkki (6)
embassy lhetyst (15) mUitary sotilas- san, bay poika (2)
evening Uta (1) attache asiamies (35) spring kevt (36)
Verbs Verbej
be, stay olla (13) get, may saada (9) live, reside asua (8)
be able voida (9), jaksaa(l) get acquainted tutustua (8) meet tavata (18)
believe uskoa (8) have on thrive viihty (8)
do, make tehd (12) know, be familiar tuntea (5)
with
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
Amerlcan amedkkalainen (25) fun hauska (I) own oma ( 2)
bad, sad ikv ( 3) good hyv ( 2) Russian venlinen ( 25 )
better parempi ( 14) healthy terve (5) spec.ial erikoinen (25)
English englantilainen ( 25) married naimisissa (adv. ) Swedish ruotsalainen(25)
Finnish suomalainen (25) new uusi (10) unmarried naimaton (24)
French ranskalainen (25 ) ntce mukava ( 3)
Pronouns Pronomineja
1 min
you te (Te), sln
he/she hn
it se
we me
they he, ne
what mik, mit
who kuka
1-3 kolme
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HEARING IT
~
1
000
1 1
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish side and follow 1n English. Do this at least three
times.
1. Hyv huomenta, herra Saari. 1. Good morning, Mr. Saari.
2. Huomenta, rouva Virtanen. 2. Morning, Mrs. Virtanen.
3. Mit kuuluu? 3. How are you?
4. Kiitos hyv, ent teille? 4. Fine, thanks, and you?
5. Kiitos hyv vain. 5. Just fine, thanks.
6. Saanko esitell, tuomari Tammi, 6. May. 1 intr9duce Attorney Tammi,
uusi oppilas, maisteri Virtanen, a new student. Mrs. Virtanen,
suomen opettaja. the Finnish teacher.
7. Hyv piv. Hauska tutustua. 7. How do you do? Nice to meet you.
8. Tss on vaimoni Minna. . 8. Here is my wife, Minna.
9. piv. Tervetuloa: 9. Hello. Welcome:
10. Anteeksi, mik olikaan nimenne? 10. Excuse me, what was the name again?
11. Tammi. 11. Tammi.
12. Miten se kirjoitetaan? 12. How is it spelled?
13. Tam~i kahdella m:ll. 13. 'Tammi' with two m's.
Siis T-A-M-M-I. So (that's) T-A-M-M-I.
14. Anteeksi, en kuullut. 14. Sorry, 1 didn't hear.
15. T-A-M-M-I. 15. T-A-M-M-I.
16. Olkaa hyv ja istukaa. 16. Please, sit down.
17. Kiitos. 17. Thank you.
18. Mit vaimollenne kuuluu? 18. How is your wife?
19. Kiitos kysymst, hnelle 19. Thanks for asking,
kuuluu hyv. she is fine.
20. Ent mit washingtoniin kuuluu? 20. And how are things in Washington?
21. Kiitos, sinne kuuluu hyv. 21. Thanks, everything is fine there.
Dialog A. CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITING. Play the taped dialog and follow the Finnish text.
Do this at least three times.
1-4 nelj
Dia10g C. Look at the English text on p. 1-4. Listen to scramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10
seconds after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you hear the Finnish sentenees,
but this time mark the English. This gives you praetiee in eomprehension. Check your
answers against the key. .
Dia10g D. Listen to dia10g D and fi11 in the b1anks in the text, stopping for 30 seeonds after
eaeh sentenee.
KBY B. 2 1 3 5 8 9 16 17 18 4 5 20 21
C. 1 2 6 9 8 7 10 12 14 18 19 16 17
D. 1. attorney 2. Mr. 3. my wife, teaeher 4. niee to meet you 5. new
Finnish student 6. we1eome, sit down 7. thanks, excuse me 8. 1 didn't hear
9. your wife 10. for asking, just
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1-5 viisi
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GETT1NG TO KNOW YOU
Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined words.
Voices A, B, C.
B. Kiitos hyv, ent teille? Kiitos hyv, ents B. Fine, thanks, and you?
teille?
A. Hyv piv. Hauska tutustua. piv A. Hello. Nice to meet you. (lit.,
to get acquainted)
1-6 kuusi
Act out these scenes and make up new ones using these models.
sAANKO E.SITHL'A' .'
PERI-\EEoNi, VAiMONI MAIJA
SAI5IN\<O ESITHLi\' JA LAl'5f:MME. PEKKA JA
TUTTAVA Nl. LiiSA. JA T'A'sS'A' oN
SAANKO
E'5ITEL\.'A' iT5E.Ni. TUOMARI \/IRTANl:N t(All&, PE.KAN
NiMENI ON NEI TI J 'A' f{ '/1 NEN Y5T 'A' V'A'.
MATTI SAARI.
~
May 1 introduee myselt? May 1 introduee my friend, May 1 introduce my family?
My name is Matti Saari. Attorney Virtanen. My wife, Maija, and our children,
Niee ta meet you. Miss Jrvinen. Pekka and Liisa. And this is
1 1 m Lea Tikka. Niee to meet you. Kalle, Pekka's friend.
1-7 seitsemn
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GETT1NG TO KNOW YOU
Practice these sentences. Then act them out and substitute for the underlined words.
Voices A, B, C.
c. Tammi. . c. Tammi.
A. Miten se kirjoitetaan? kirjotetaan? A. How is it spelled? (lit., written)
c. T A M M 1. . c. T A M M 1.
B. Kiitos, sinne kuuluu hyv. Kiitos, hyvhn sinne. B. Thanks, everything is fine there.
1-8 kahdeksan
kyk sisn.
olkaa hyv ja kyk istumaan. Please,
{ kyk peremmlle.
Make up yout own questions and answersi using the given variations.
teille
mlehellenne ~i~~~~:
Mit { lapsillenne
Matilie
kuuluu? Kiitos, heille
hnelle
{
kuuluu hyv.
~
Suomeen in Finland?
~
Mit Helsinkiin kuuluu? How are things ln Helsinki?
kotiin at home?
suomen luokkaan in Finnish class?
Miten opiskelu sujuu? Kii tos, hyvin. How are your studies going? Fine, thanks.
Miten bisnes sujuu? Kii tos , hyv in. How is your business going? Fine, thanks.
* lit., What is heard?, the equivalent of How are you?, What's happening?, What's up?,
or How are things?
1-9 yhdeksn
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HBARING IT II
Ilo~ol IDialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the pinnish side and follow in English. Repeat at least twice.
I-I0 kymmenen
Dialog A. CONNECT1NG SOUND AND WRIT1NG. Play the taped dialog three times and follow the Finnish text.
Dialog B. Look at the Finnish text on p. 1-10. Play scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check
your answer against the key.
Dialog C. Look at the English text. Play scrambled dialog C, stopping after each sentence for
5 or 10 seconds. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this time
mark the English. This gives YQU practice in comprehension. Check your work against
the key.
Dialog D. Listen to dialog D, stopping for 30 seconds after each sentence and fi11 in the blanks.
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GETTING TO KNOW YOU
Practice these sequences. Then act them out and substitute for the underlined words.
Voices A, B.
B. On, meill on kaksi lasta. Joo, meillon kakslasta. B. Yes, we have two children.
A. Miss lapsenne nyt ovat] Miss teidn lapset nyt on? A. Where are your children now?
B. Kiitos, hn voi hyvin, mutta Kiitos, se voi hyvin, mutta B. She is well, thanks, but our
poikamme ei voi hyvin tnn. meidn poika ei 00 kunnossa. son is not well today.
A. Sep ikv. Toivottavasti hn No, sehn ikv. A. That's too bad. Hopefully
voi pian paremmin. Toivottavasti se voi he will be better saan.
Cultural note: 1n Finnish you often say 'kiitos kysymst,' meaning -thanks for asking, when
someone asks the routine greeting questions.
1-12 kaksitoista
Onko teill lapsia? Do you have children? Meill on yksi lapsi. We have one child.
Meill on kaksi lasta. We have two children.
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kolmetoista
GETT1NG TO KNOW YOU
Practice the following sequences. Then act them out, sUbstituting for the underlined words.
Voices A, B.
B. Kansasista, mutta asun nyt M oon Kansasista, mut m B. From Kansas, but 1 live here
tll. Ent te? asun........... Ents te? now. How about you?
A. Min olen syntynyt Suomessa. M oon syntyny A. 1 was born in Finland.
B. Emme toki en. Onneksi meill Ei me en. Onneks meillon B. Oh, not any more. Fortunately,
on nyt oma talo. nyt oma talo. we now have our own house.
1-14 neljtoista
Amerikassa, America.
Olen syntynyt Suomessa. 1 was born in Finland.
{ { New York.
New Yorkissa.
KERROSTALO
U[JD
DD[]
[][lU RIVITALO
PIENTALO A B
mmm 00
talo. house.
Meill on nyt oma asunto. We now have our own place to I i ve.
{ huoneisto. { apartment.
Voices A, B.
A. Tunnen, mutta hn on eri osastolla. Joo, m tunnen, mut se on A. Yes, 1 do, but he works
Muuten, tnn on Bobin eri osastolla in a different department.
syntympiv. synttrit. By the way, it's Bob's
birthday today.
B. Ensimminen syyskuutako? ......................... B. The first of September?
A. Olen Neitsyt. Mutta en M oon Neitsyt. Mut m A. 1 ' m Virgo. But 1 don't
usko horoskooppiin. en usko believe in horoscopes.
Minusta se on humpuukia. Musta 1 think it's nonsense.
yliopistossa, Niin.
~
Yhdysval.tain suurlhetystss, Kyll.
Tehn olette Amerikan suurlhetystss, eik niin? Joo.
merivoimissa, En ole, olen yliopistossa.
maavoimissa, En, olen ilmavoimissa.
~
at the U.8. embassy Yes, 1 am/do.
You are/work at the American embassy arenlt/don't you? Yes, 1 amldo.
in the navy No, 1 donlt, 1 work at the
in the army university.
No, 1 1 m not, 1 1 m in the air
force.
Find out and provide information about a third person, using both affirmative and negative questions
and statements.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tnn } Today }
Huomenna on Maijan syntympiv. Tomorrow is Maijals birthday.
ylihuomenna Day after tomorrow
1-17
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VUODENAJAT JA KUUKAUDBT SEASONS AND HONTHS
TALVI
winter
KBVXT
spring
SYKSY
fall/autumn
RESX
summer
1-18 kahdeksantoista
OINAS Ari es
maa1isk. 21 - huhtik. 19
Scorpio Itseninen, huoleton, herkk
Independent, caretree, sensitive
V...... KA
Li bra
syysk. 23 - lokak. 23
lahjakas, sstvinen,
HIiRKIi Taurus
talented, thrltty, tactful
huhtik. 20 - toukok. 20
peloton, ystvllinen, pttvinen
fear1ess, kind, determined .
~EITSYT Vi rgo
KAKSOSET Geminl
elok. 23 - syysk. 22 toukok. 21 - kesk. 21
ylpe, kytnnllinen,
lyks, levoton, monipuolinen
aHiivlnen
intelllgent, restless, versatile
proud, practical, active
LEIJONA Leo I(RAPU Caneer
helnk. 23 - elok. 22 kesk. 22 - heink. 22
rohkea, ahkera, tunteellinen, kunnianhimoinen,
lmmlnsydmlnen lojaali
brave, industrious, sentimental, ambitious, loyal
warm-hearted
Talk about the days of the week, using your own variations.
1-20 kaksikymment
A B A/B
1. 1. good morning goodevening 2. 1. I am doctor/attorney Virtanen.
2. acquaintance friend 2. I have a wife and two/three kids.
3. student teacher
-----
3. My child is/the children are at home.
4. to meet to get acquainted 4. My wife Maija is at work/at home.
5. good night good evening 5. My daughter's/my son's name is ...
KEY 1. lB 2B 3A 4B 5A
2. lB 2A 3B 4B 58
After completing these two exercises, compare your answers with the Finnish text in App. VI.
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kaksikymmentyksi
Listen to the following short extracts of conversation on the tape and take notes under these
headings. Then discuss your notes with the other members of your group.
1-22 kaksikymmentkaksi
1. Greetings
- greet your fe110w student B and introduce yourself
B expresses his/her p1easure in meeting you
greet your fe110w student B in the morning and introduce your wife/husband/friend
B expresses his/her pleasure in meeting hirn/her
B apologizes for not hearing the name
after you repeat the name, B asks how it is spelled
spel1 your name in Finnish
welcome someone to the class/Helsinki/Finland
2. Responses
- express sadness about someone's not feeling well
- express hope for someone getting better/well
- express thanks
- express pleasure at meeting someone
3. Where from
- tell where you are from
ask where B is from
find out where B is from, where she/he lives and what she/he does for living
find out where each student is from, where they live and what they do
4. Occupation
- ask if a certain person is working
B answers in the negative
find out who each student, diplomat, teacher, etc., is
find out what each person (identified by name) is doing
s. Birthdays
- find out if B believes in astrology, what his/her sign is, and when his/her birthday is
6. Your teacher is Finnish. Ask hirn/her alI the questions you have 1earned.
greet the teacher
ask how the teacher is
ask if the teacher has a family
ask how the family is
ask how the teacher's wife/husband/son/daughter feels
ask how things are at home/in Helsinki/in Washington, etc.
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READING
Translate this with the help of the glossary.
syntympivni on My birthday i8
Horoskooppimerkkini on My sign 1a
Olen 1 am
Read the following structural notes and see how many of your questions they answer.
For structura1 exercises on these points, see the Workbook, unit 1 pp. 1-20.
1-24 kaksikymmentnelj
When to use
there is no distinction by sex; 'hn' and 'se' can refer either to men or women
'hn' and 'he' refer exclusive1y to humans
'se' and 'ne' refer to non-humans, i.e., to animals, things, and ideas
in eolloquial speech, 'se' and 'ne' ean be used to refer to peop1e as we11
3. eolloquia11y, 'm' and Is' are used for fami1iar "1" and "you"
* The capita1 1etter i8 used here for distinetion, but both the regular 2nd person plura1
and the po1ite form are written 'te' except in polite eorrespondenee.
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1-25
I-B PRESENT TENSE APPIRMATIVE
now to forrn: Each forrn consists of two elernents, stern and personai ending.
1. stern:
ia the elernent common to alI six forrns: asu-
ia norrnally found by rernoving the ending -n of the 1st person singular, which
is the second forrn in your chart of the Conjugational Types of Verbs (CTV see App. 111)
2. Personai ending:
is different for every person
Singular l.-n
2. -t
3. -V the last vowel of the stern doubled: 'hn usko-o' -he/she believes-
-no ending is added if the stern ends in two vowels: 'hn voi' -he/she can-
P1ura1 1. -mme
2. -tte
3. -vat/-vt (depending on vowel harmony, see P-7 for notes on
pronunciation)
since the endings are different for every person, the personai pronouns for the 1st and 2nd
person can be left out altogether, unless there is a special ernphasis
the 3rd person pronoun cannot be left out
When to use
Min istun nojatuolissa. 1 (usually) sit in the arrnchair/I arn sitting in the arrnchair.
1n Finnish, the nominals, (nouns, pronouns, numerals, and adjectives), appear in different forms,
called cases, according to their function in the sentence. These cases have particular sounds
associated with them, and these sounds are added onto the stern of the basic word. The basic word is
in the nominative case, which is the form you find in the dictionary. The stern of the nominal, to
which the case endings are'added, varies somewhat from the dictionary forms. Further discussion of
this is on page P-9 (notes onpronunciation), in the section on consonant gradation. For now, it is
sufficient to work with the conceptual meaning of the most comrnon cases. The process of changing case
endings on a nominal is called declining. so the nominative case is the undeelined case, which
appears in the dictionaries and word lists ofeach unit in this book.
1t may be helpful to realize that there is something like a core meaning for each case and several
extended meanings. The meaning of a case i8 reflected in the kind of question it answers, as
indicated by the question pronouns 'kuka' "who" and 'mik' "what." The case of the noun or
pronoun in your answer should match the case of the interrogative pronoun. (see I-J, 1-K, and I-L for
"yes/no" '-ko/-k' questions)
When to use
The subject of the sentence--the actor or even simply the name of something--is generally in the
nominative: "l broke it." The genitive indicates possession: "the boy's book." The accusative
indicates that the nominal is the objeet or recipient of the aetion of the verb:
"1 broke it." The partitive indicates many things, but its core meaning is a reference to only
a part of the objeet or objeets, not alI of those bjects in the world: "some apple/some apples."
These cases will be explained in much more detail as you progress through the book using
them.
We will begin using the local cases first in their basie and extended meanings (see II-G for
further explanations). The local cases generally correspond to prepositions in English, and their
meanings are similar to the variety of meanings of the equivalent prepositions in English.
1-27
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As an example, we will deal first with the allative case. Its basic meaning is -in the direction of
something which is a surface, not an enclosure,- or -towards the surface of something.- The extended
meaning refers to -the recipient of something,- as in -Igave it to him.- This usage is called -dative- in
most European languages.
Mit sinulle kuuluu? How are you? (HL, what to you is heard?)
Minulle kuuluu hyv. 1 ' m fine.
Tm on hnelle. This is for him/her.
Standard ColIoquial
min 1 minu-Ile mu-lle to me
sin you sinu-He su-lle to you
hn he/she hne-lIe to hirn/her
me we mei-He to US
te you tei-He to you
he they hei-He to them
How to form
the stern of the pronouna i6 the part before the allative case ending -lIe
the stern is the same for alI cases except, partitive and accusative (see 1-F, 111-A, 11I-D)
Note: The colloquial forma are very widely used (see the Workbook, unit 1).
1-28
Affirmative
standard
minu-Ila
sinu-Ila
hne-ll
Liisa-Ua
:~=~~: !
CoUoquial
on auto ~o~a~:ve
he/she has
Liisa has
! a ear
mei-ll }
tei-11
hei-U
on auto
we }
you
they
have a car
attach -lla/-1l ending to the stern of the subject of the English sentenee
the verb 'olla' -ta be- is always 1n the 3rd person singular forrn 'on'
what i8 possessed i8 in the basie form, nominative
minu-lla
sinu-l1a
hne-ll
l ei ole auto-a
1 don't
you don't
he/she doesn't
l Negative
have a ear
rnei-ll}
tei-ll
hei-ll
ei ole auto-a
we don't}
you don't have car
they don't
Liisa-lla Liisa doesn' t
ouestion
1-29
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Dow to forrn
Affirrnative: onko + -lla/-Il + norn.
add the question particle -ko/-k to the verb in the 3rd person sg. = 'on-koi
(see I-J)
attach -lla/-Il to the stern of the subject
what is possessed is in the norninative, basic forrn
When to use: in answer to the question who has 1 (the stern for 'kuka' who is 'kene-')
Kene-ll on auto1 Who has a car1
standard CoUoquial
rninu-n rnu-n rnine
sinu-n su-n yours
Kirja on hne-n se-n The book ia his/hers
rneid-n oura
teid-n yours
heid-n theirs
add the sg. genitive ending -n to the stern 'rninu-' (see II-F for genitive)
for plural pronouns the stern is different (see VI-B)
Dow to forrn: for the stern used with the possessive SUffi~, see Ii-p.
1-30
in the 3rd person, you may leave out the possessive pronoun only when it refers
to the subject of the sentence
in informal Finnish
How to form
'en, et, ei,' etc., precede the main verb (in English -not- usually comes after the verb)
the main verb is in a special form obtained by dropping the 1st person singular, present
tense affirmative ending -n
Af f i rma ti ve Negative
Standard colloquial Standard Colloquial
Note: The colloquial forms are very widely used (see the .Workbook unit 1).
1-32
Note: Colloquial forms are very widely used (see the Workbook unit 1).
Dow to form
the most common way is to repeat or negate the 'questioned word ' without the -ko/-k ending
for emphasis, you may use 'kyll' in an affirmative answer
'kyll' and 'joo' (colloq.) can be used in alI above examples, but the usage is
less common
'ei' with a personai ending with/without the main verb is used in a negative answer
2. When you form questions without an interrogative word, add the lnterrogative suffix -ko/-k.
1-34
Generally speaking, word order is less fixed than in English due to the faet that the ease
endings immediately tell whether the word is used as subjeet, objeet, or has some other grammatieal
funetion in the sentence. You'll find more information on word order in II-C.
questions with question Mist te olette kotoisin? Where are you from?
words Miss se on? Where is it?
Miten tyttrenne voi? How is your daughter?
Tehn olette armelJassa, eik niin? You're in the military, aren't you?
Kiitos, siinhn se menee. Not so bd, thanks. (lit., thahks, it goes alI right)
Olethan~ Yes you are~
When to use
1-35
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UNIT II
Nouns SUbstantHveja
answer vastaus (32) ladies' room naistenhuone (5) quarter neljnnes (32)
bank pankki (6) lamp lamppu (15) question kysymys (32)
bathroom kylpyhuone (5) lesson tunti(6),luku (15) recess vli tunti (6)
blackboard taulu (15) lobby eteisaula (1) restaurant ravintola (4)
book kirja (1) lunch hour ruokatunti (6) room huone (5)
bus bussi (6) magazine kuvalehti (8) schedule lukujrjesty.s (32)
calendar kalenteri (7) map kartta (1) school koulu (15)
chair tuoli (6) men's room miestenhuone (5) semester lukukausi(lO)
city, town kaupunki (7) minute minuutti (6) side puoli (9)
clock, watch kello (15) month kuukausi (10) table pyt (2)
coffee kahvi (6) newspaper sanomalehti (8) tape nauha (1)
corridor kytv (3) office toimisto (15) tape recorder nauhuri (7)
cupboard kaappi (6) paper lehti(8), paperi(6) telephone puhelin (23)
day and night vuorokausi(lO) pause tauko (15) phone book puhelinluettelo (15)
direction suunta (3) pen kyn (2), mustekyn time aika, kerta (1)
door ovi (a) pencil kyn, lyijykyn timetable aikataulu (15)
elevator hissi (6) phone booth puhelinkioski(6) view nkala (1)
errand asia (4) periodical aikakauslehti(8) wall sein (2)
flag lippu (15) picture kuva (2) WC vessa (1)
floor lattia (4) place paikka (1) week viikko (15)
floor, layer kerros (32) poster juliste (5) window ikkuna (1)
flower kukka (2) post office posti (6)
help apu (15) public phone yleispuhelin
hour tunti (6)
Verbs Verbej
advise neuvoa (8) end loppua (8) intr. leave lhte (4) intr.
answer vastata (18) give antaa (1) like, be fond of pit (2)
begin alkaa (1) go menn (13) listen kuunnella (14)
can voida (9) know tiet (3) look like nytt (2)
come tulla (13) last kest (2)
II-l
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
Pronouns Pronomineja
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish side and follow in English. Do this at least
three times.
11-3
Dia10g B. Look at the Finnish text. P1ay seramb1ed dia10g B, stopping for 5 or 10 seeonds
after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you heard the Finnish sentenees.
Cheek your answers against the key.
Dia10g C. Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay seramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seeonds
after eaeh sentenee. Mark down in whieh order you heard the Finnish sentenees, but
this time mark the Eng1ish. This gives you praetiee in eomprehension. Cheek your
answers against the key.
Dia10g D. Listen to tape D and write the missing word(s) in the blanks. Then eheek your work
against the key.
1. This is a niee
2. what is ?
3. 1 waited for for 10 minutes.
4. There is a on the shelf over there.
5. What' s now?
6. My watch .......................
7. It's a Finnish .........................
8. It I S a Finnis,h .
9. It's right ther~
10. Five ............................... one.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY B. 1 3 4 5 10 11 12 20 21 13 14 16 19
C. 13 14 15 16 19 1 2 3 17 4 5 6 11 12 20 21
D. 1.sehool 2. this 3. my wife 4. the Helsinki phone book 5. the time
6. is fast 7. newspaper 8 . elassroom 9. on the table 10. past
11-4
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GETTING TO KNOW THE PLACE
Practice these sentences. Then act them out, sUbstituting for the underlined words.
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Tm on mukava luokka. T on A. This is a nice classroom.
B. Niin minustakin. Tlt on Joo, niin mustakin B. 1 think so, too.(lit., so from
kaunis nkala. . me). There's a beautiful view
from here.
A. Niin on. Tm on seitsems Joo, t on seittems A. Yes, it iso This is the seventh
kerros. . f loor."
B. Tiedn sen. Odotin hissi M tiedn. M ootin B. 1 know. I was waiting for the
kymmenen minuuttia. . elevator for ten minutes.
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. Mik tuo on? Mik toi on? A. what's that?
A. Onko tll mys Helsingin Onks tll Hesan A. Is there also a Helsinki
puhelinluettelo? . phone book here?
B. On, tuolla hyllyll on Joo, tuolla B. Yes, over there on the shelf
Helsingin puhelinluettelo. Hesan is a Helsinki phone book.
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Ent mik lehti tm on? t . A. And what newspaper is this7
B. Se on suomalainen sanomalehti,
Helsingin Sanomat.
Hesari.
. B. It's a Finnish newspaper,
the Helsingin Sanomat.
A. Onko mys Ilta-Sanomat tll? Onks mys Iltis A. IS the Ilta-Sanomat also here7
B. On, se on tuossa pydll. Joo, se on tossa B. Yes, it's right there on the
Ja tss on Suomen Kuvalehti. pydll. Ja tsson table. And right here is
the Suomen Kuvalehti.
II-5
Ask for and provide information about the pictures and your classroom by substituting with the
words below.
0
tuo tuo~sa ~
11. taulu
12 kello
13. lamppu
14. kalenteri
24 15. juliste
16. ovi
17. sein
3E}
23
DY/ldI/IWJ!Jf{J1J 'tJ ~e)2 18. katto
19. ikkuna
~
/ 20. kukka
22 21. lattia
22. matto
23. kaappi
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GETTING TO KNOW THE PLACB
practice the se sentences and then act them out, substituting for the underlined words.
4. jakso Sequence 4
A. Mit kello nyt on?
Minun kelloni seisoo.
..................
Mun kello seisoo.
A. What's the time (lit., the clock)
now. My watch has stopped.
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Voi, minun piti soittaa kotiin Voi, mun A. Oh, I was supposed to call home
yhdelt. yhelt. at one.
B. Ai, mutta kelloni onkin edell. Ai, mut mun kello. B. Oh, but my watch is fast.
Se on vasta viitt vaille yksi. yks. Itls only five to one
B. Olen, teill on viel aikaa. Joo, teillon B. Yes, you still have time.
A. Luojan kiitos, sitten en ole sit m en 00 A. Thank heavens, then 1 1 m not late
myhss. Vaimoni ei pitisi Mun vaimo My wife wouldnlt like it
siit. ei pits
6. jakso Sequence 6
B. Muuten, minulla on kysymys. Muuten, mullon B. By the way, I have a question.
Mihin aikaan koulu alkaa? Mihis At what time does school
begin?
II-7
------------------------------------------------------------------------~
Kello on kaksi. It's {two o'clock. 11.00 PIKKU KAKKONEN
{ puoli kolme. half past two. (J HelIdn ....lllUUde'
II'18'U
neljnnest a quarter
Kello on
1
viitttoista
(varttia) .
yli/vaille kolme. It's
lfifteen
a quarter
past/of
three.
18.30 UUTISET
*
IlUO KITARAN MESTAREITA
John W1nlams SfJIllaA modernia IIlla-
rlllTltJsllklda. UU91n1a.
s{~~~e
19.05 LAATIKKO
kymmenen KanadalalllGO anlmaaUoelokuva.
Kello on viisi yli nelj. It' past four. 19.15 KIEUTELEVlSIO
{ kaksikymment twenty S'Rrt. Uuslnlana. IAhelellAIiA eng-
lannin peruskurssi aikuisille. Osa
1/111: Are You Engaged1 TlIOIanlo
kymment ten -Ruotsin R.do Ja Klellenopelu9. Op-
plklrja Slart 3.
Kello on viitt vailla/vaille viisi. It' s five of five. 19.30 TLT IKUISUUTEEN (MTV)
{ kahtakymment { twenty
20.30 UUTISET JA SAA
20.50 URHEILUAREENA
21.00 AJANKOHTAINEN KAKKONEN
KomlllGOnBja. krtUIkk/A Ja keskusle-
edell. fast. kJa viIkon aiheiSIa.
Kello on oikeassa.
{ jljess.
The clock is { right.
slow.
*
21.30-21.45 KIELlTELEVl910
Bong. Alin. Uuslnlana IAheletlAvA
vllhleelllnen opelusohjelrna!IBrj;I,
Jossa e9llellAAn perinleIslA englan-
nlnldellslA lauluja Ia laulelmla. Osa
Vuorokausi (vrk) on 24 tuntia. 'Vuorokausi' i8 24 hours. 2: Frankle and Johnny (Amertcan).
Tuotanto BBC. ~Irja Songs AI-
'19.
II-8
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HEARING IT II
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish text and follow the English. DO this at least
three times.
1. Miss puhelin on? Voinko soittaa 1. Where's the phone? Can 1 call
tlt? from here?
2. Totta kai. Puhelin on toimistossa. 2. Of course. The telephone is in the office.
Menk tuohon suuntaan ja kntyk Go in that direction and turn right.
oikealle.
3. Ent miss miestenhuone on? 3. And where's the men's room?
4. Se on tuolla suoraan edesspin 4. It's over there, straight ahead
vasemmalla. on the left.
5. Minulla on asiaa postiin. Miss 5. 1 have something to do at the Post Office.
posti on? Where's the Post affice?
6. Se on tuolla kadun toisella puolella. 6. It's over there on the other side
of the street.
7. Onko se lhell? 7. Is it near?
8. Ei se kovin kaukana ole. 8. It's not very far.
9. Tarvitsetteko mitn postista? 9. DO you need anything from the Post Office?
10. Kiitos, en tll kertaa. Kyn siell 10. NO, thanks, not this time. 1'11 go there
itse yhdelt. myself at one.
11. Kuinka pitk kurssi teill on? 11. How long is your course?
12. Se kest neljkymmentnelj 12. It lasts 44 weeks.
viikkoa.
13. Kauanko olette ollut koulussa? 13. How long have you been in school?
14. Olen opiskellut tll vasta 14. 1 have studied here for only a month.
kuukauden.
15. Ent mit pidtte koulusta? 15. And how do you like school?
16. Minusta se on mukava. 16. I think it's fun.
17. Niin minustakin. 17. So do 1.
18. No, mihin aikaan tulette kotiin 18. well, what time do you get home in the
illalla? evening?
19. Joskus kuudelta ja joskus 19. Sometimes at six and sometimes
aikaisemmin. earlier.
20. Minusta se tuntuu pitklt 20. That seems like a long work day to me.
typivlt.
21. No, sit se kyll on~ 21. Well, it certainlY is that~
II-9
Dia10g B. Look at the Finnish text. P1ay scrambled dialog B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check
your anBwer against the key.
Dia10g C. Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds
after each sentence. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this
time mark the Eng1ish. Check your answers against the key.
Dia10g D. Listen to tape D and write the missing word(s) in the b1anks. Then check your work
against the key.
1. Where's the . .
2. 1t I S
3. 1 s i t ......................
4. It's Dot very
5. And how do you like
6. That seems to me like a workday
7. What time do you get to
8. Sometimes at , sometimes ear1ier
9. Where's the
10. It's oVer there on the
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY B. 11 12 15 16 1 2 5 6 3 4 7 8 13 14 18 19
C. 5 4 1 6 7 8 3 7 8 4 13 14 11 12 15 16 18 19 20 17
D. 1. men's room 2. over there on the other side of the street 3. far
4. near 5. the course 6. long 7. the school 8. nine 9. phone 10. left
1. jakso Sequence 7
A. Miss puhelin on?
Voinko soittaa tlt?
Voinks m
.
A. Where's the phone?
Can 1 call from here?
B. Totta kai. Puhelin on toimis- Joo, totta kai B. Of course. The telephone is
tossa. Menk tuohon suuntaan Menk tohon suuntaan in the office. Go in that
ja kntyk oikealle. oikeelle. direction and turn right
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Ent miss miestenhuone on? A. And where is the menls room?
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Minulla on asiaa postiin. Mulla on A. 1 have some things to do
Miss posti on? . at the post office. Wherels
the post office?
B. Se on tuolla kadun toisella
puolella.
.
.
B. Itls over there on the other
side of the street.
B. Kiitos, en tll kertaa. Kiitos, ei tll kertaa. B. Thanks, not this time.
Kyn siell itse yhdelt. M kyn ite yhelt. 1 1 11 go there myself at one.
II-ll
Voiko tlt soittaa? Can one make a phone call from here?
~
naistenhuone
miestenhuone menls room?
Miss vessa/veesee on? Where's the { toilet/WC ?
kylpyhuone bathroom?
Anteeksi, voisitteko neuvoa tien pankkiin? Excuse me, eould you tell me the way to the bank?
NAISILLE MIEHILLE
A. Kauanko olette ollut koulussa] Kauanks te ootte ollu A. How long have you been
in school]
B. Olen opiskellut tll vasta M oon opiskellu B. 1 have studied here for only a
kuukauden. . . month.
II-13
L UK UJ R J E S T Y S
SCHEDULE OF CLASSES
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish text and follow the English. Do this at least
three times.
II-15
Dialog B. Look at the Finnish text. Play scrarnbled dialog B, stopping after each sentence.
Mark down in which arder you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your answer against the
key.
Dialog C. Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scrambled dia10g C, stopping after each sentence.
Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this time mark the Eng1isb.
Check your answers against the key.
Dialog D. Listen to tape D and write down the missing word(s) in the blanks. Then check your
work against the key.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY B. 2 7 6 5 4 8 9 11 13 16 17 14 20 21 22
3 1
C. 11 16 17 18 14 12 19 15 21 20 2 3 8 9 10 4 7 6 5
13 1 22
D. 1. end 2. sharp 3. understand, help 4. at nine sharp 5. me 6. ask 7. say
8. 1 don't know 9. listen to the tape 10. read at home
c. Mit opettaja sanoi? En Mit ope sano? M en. C. What did the teacher say?
ymmrr. . 1 don't understand.
C. En osaa kysy suomeksi. M en osaa kysyy suo- C. 1 don't know ~ow to ask in
meks. Finnish.
B. Ole hiljaa~ Kysy nyt 00 hiljaa~ B. Se quiet! Ask in Hebrew for alI
vaikka hepreaksi. hepreaks. 1 care:
A. Kuten haluatte. .
Aukaskaa
A. As you wish.
Well, alI right. Open your books
No, hyv on. Avatkaa kirjanne
sivulta 5 ja kuunnelkaa nauhalta kirjat to page 5 and listen to lesson 2
luku 2. Lukekaa kotona luku 3. . on the tape. Read lesson 3 at
home.
II-17
~
Kysyk oppilaalta Ask the student.
hnelt. him/her.
Pekalta. { Pekka.
ottakaa lehti tuolilta ja Take the paper from the chair and
pankaa se pydlle. put it on the table.
~
aamulehti. a morning paper.
~
viikkolehti a weekly paper.
Se on kuvalehti. It's a magazine.
pi vlehti. a daily paper.
iltalehti. an evening paper.
'
1
".",~
, .. I
~_
"-.
~-I
; . _
UUSI ~~ SUOMI I:.;;'~; I:~ 1
..
: . , I
aikakauslehti? periOdiCal? .
~1'1l1l.1
tm naistenlehti? 18 this a women's magazine?
H\i EfJ Ht:LSfNGJN SflNOMAT { lastenlehti? { children's magazine?
~~i - A(' b;?~-I IIUFVUDS!~_~~,~-':A.~_~.~ amma t t ileht i? professional magazine?
c':::--:-"
'.
"~~~';~l SUOMENMAA .
... -..,--' ....._.:......- ..-......_..
1}1~~11UIl
s'lo~mNSOSIJ\lAIII!~IOIUlJ\t\'I'I'1
, Ei, se on sanomalehti. No, it's a newspaper.
Su
~:g.
'1IIIUIlnl.ll
. .... ',ili,;
1. Turn back ta p. 11-6. Listen ta the tape and identify the picture by number
when you hear the name af the object spoken.
2. Look at the picture on p. 11-6 and listen to the statements from 1-20 on the tape.
Write your answer in the box on the p. 11-6 "and compare it with the key on the next page.
3. Keep on listening and identify the question, circling the correct one like this:
1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A
B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B
II-22
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5. Listen to the tape and circle the 6. Listen to the tape and fill in the correct time
correct expression. expressions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY 1. 15 19 23 3 5 8 9 21 24 14 1 10 12 17 20 2 6 18 22 16
2. 1 F 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 T 7 F 8 F 9 T 10 F 11 T 12 F 13F
14 T 15 T 16 F 17 F 18 T 19 F 20 F
5. aA b8 cB dA eB fA
6. 8.30 ,8.50 15 9 8
7. aF bF eT dT eT
II-23
10. Listen to this conversation and take notes using these headings.
School begins at Ends at Lunch hour ia at Speaker's opinion about the new schedule
11. Listen to the short conversation and make a list of alI the places, buiidings, and offices
the speakers see through the window.
Compare your list with those of your feilow students and check your answers for exercises 8-11 against
the text in App. VI.
II-24
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PUNCTION PRACTICES. Use these situations for conversation.
1. Pind out
what alI the things in your vicinity are in Finnish
where alI the things are
11-25
1 2 3 4 5
Hei, Maija:
(Hiljaisuus)
Mik sinua oikein vaivaa?
Ei mikn.
Miksi olet vihainen minulle?
En min ole vihainen
Olethan. Mit nyt on tapahtunut? sano nyt.
NO, olisit itsekin vihainen, jos olisit
odottanut tunnin kamalassa sateessa.
Etk tied, mit kello on?
Totta kai, 2.30. Onko minun kelloni jljess?
Kai se oikeassa on, mutta puoli kahdeltahan
meidn piti tavata~ sinunhan piti tulla
kahdelta eik kahdeksalta~
1. Se kuuluukivikuntaan. ~ ~
.~
.
Dave fun and play Twenty Questions in Finnish:
'
Ask like this: Answer like this:
It's a mineral. r~
~
, l'
2. Se kuuluu kasvikuntaan. onko se koulussa? on/Ei ole.
It's a vegetable.
Onko se pydll? on/Ei ole.
3. Se kuuluu elinkuntaan.
~~
Onko se kirja? on/Ei ole.
It's on onimo!,
II-26
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UNIT II
STRUCTURAL NOTES
II-27
Affirmative
How to ask an indefinite question: HOW to answer an indefinite question:
Where is -a something- - There is -a something- there -
inverted word order inverted word order
lf you can think of -there is none, there aren't any, 1 (you, etc.) don't have any,- the
Finnish subject changes into partitive after 'ei ole,' both in the singular and plural (see VI-D).
Note: If you cannot think of someone doesn't have any or -there is no ,- the Finnish subject
does not change into partitive even if the structure of the sentence looks identical
to the above sentences.
How to find
the uninflected form of a nominal does not have an ending, is listed in the dictionary and also
in the block of words in each unit of this book
When to use
Dow to form
take the genitive form of the word (see genitive in 11-F below, and in the ehart of nominal
deelensions (eND, App. 111)
replaee the genitive ending -n with -l, whieh is the plural nominative ending
poika poja-n poja-l boy
mies miehe-n miehe-t man
tytr tyttre-n tyttte-l daughter
When to use
Note: The nom. plo is identieal to the nom. sg. when a possessive suffix follows (see I1-P).
The stern and the genitive forms for alI types of words are given in the eND, App. 111. The numbers
after each word in the word block in each unit refer to this chart, which provides you with a
pattern of how to form each case. Itls a good idea to get used to the charts.
When to use
Lexicalization note: In Finnish the genitive of the noun rather than the adjective,
is often used when speaking about countries and languages.
11-31
There are three sets of locative cases indicating both internal and external location.
AlI instructions for locative cases are for the singular (for the plural, see VI-B, VII-C).
Let 1 s have a look at them~
How to form
replace the genitive ending -n with -ssa/-ss, according to vowel harmony, P-7
(look up the genitive form in the 2nd column in the eND, App. 111)
When to use
Note: The other locative cases which end in two consonants plus a vowel (-sta/-st, -lla/-ll,
-lIe, -lta/-lt, -ksi/-kse) are formed in the same way as the genitive, i.e., attach
the ending to the genitive stern.
11-33
Tarvitsetteko mitn postista? Do you need anything from the Post Office?
When to use
Note: Different case endings may change the meaning of the verb. When learning a new verb,
find out which case(s) and meanings it takes.
now to form
always calls for the strong grade stern (see the CND, App. 111; for plural illative see VI-B)
the ending depends on the last sounds of the strong grade stern
the last sounds and the endings are the following:
When to use
When to use
generally expresses the idea of the prepositions Won, by, (and with)W
answers the question 'mill' won/with what,W 'miss' wwhere, W 'kenell (on)' wwho has"
to express Wto have w 'minulla on' WI have W (I-E)
Otan kirjan pydlt. 1'11 take the book from the table.
Sain kirjeen Pekalta. 1 got a letter from Pekka.
Se alkaa yhdekslt. It starts at nine.
Kysyk hnelt.--- Ask hirn.
Se tuntuu pitklt pivlt. It seems like a long day.
When to use
II-36
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II-M ALLATIVE -lIe
When to use
11-37
This is an empty space. Fill it with your own material, as you wish.
II-J8
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11-0 WHICH CASE TO USE AND WHEN
Generally speaking, the verb determines which case to use. The so-called 'motion verbs,' which
indicate movement to or from, in or out, on or off, are used with the respective case. Certain
non-motion verbs may take the same cases. The best way is to memorize each verb with its required case
ending(s). The bookmarker (App. 111), which lists the different forms of 'jokin' something, has
been designed to he lp you shortcut this process.
Here are some of the most common verbs with their respective case endings.
kvelee walks
KAUPPA ajaa drives
juoksee runs
J[]'=~
tulee comes
saapuu arrives
I!I (L lhtee leaves
I j remains
II-39
on is
ky visits
KAUPPA asuu livea
tekee tyt works
~D-[IJ f- opiskelee studies
II-40
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Motion from - answers the question 'mist' -from where-
6TaCKM~NH
lhtee leaves
kvelee walks
ajaa drives
on 00 000 000
juoksee runs 00 00 0 00 000
tulee comes
A~ 00
Note: YoU can use more than one case with the same verb, depending on the direction of the
movement and on the part of the location that is being focused on.
II-41
the stern is always in the strong grade, e.g., the illative stern (see eND, App. 111)
no case endings
add the poss. suff. to the illative stern
Singular
nom. Tm on poika-nL This is my san.
Tm on poika. This is a san, bay.
Plural
nom. Kaikki heidn poika-nsa tulevat. AlI their sons are coming.
Kaikki pojat tulevat. AlI the sons are coming.
II-43
Note: In forming the possessive af the partitive case -Vn is used only when the partitive
ending is -ta/-t or -tta/-tt.
Onko tll mys Suomen kartta? Is there a map of Finland here as well?
Tuolla seinll on hyv kartta. There's a good map over there on the wall.
How to form: There are two factors that affect your choice of the adverb of place:
Note: 'mist' and 'miss' are used to indicate both small and large areas, while
'mihin' is preferred for small areas and 'minne' for large areas
TM TUO
THIS THAT
TUOSTA
TST
TNNE TUOLTA
SE
IT(THE)
SIIHEN
SIELL'.A:
II-45
1. 1n a question as well as in an answer, the case of the adverb is determined by the size
of the area and motion to and from.
2. The adverbs derived from 'se' (siell, sielt, etc.) are used mainly in answers to
-ko/-k questions, in which a place has already been indicated.
3. The adverbs derived from 'tuo' are used only to indicate a place which
can be seen or pointed at.
Cardinal numbers
How to form
each part of a eompound numeral i8 infleeted in the same ease as the following noun
there is a movement ln Finland which advoeates the praetiee of infleeting only the 1ast
word in a compound numeral. 80th of the following are aceepted.
"ben to use
II-47
3. when a cardinal number precedes a noun which is either a subject or a total objeet
in the sentence, the noun is in the part. sg. case
Kolme poikaa kvelee kadulla. Three boys are walking on the street.
Ostan kolme kirjaa. 1'11 buy three books.
Meill on kolme lasta. We have three children.
4. when a number + noun is. the sUbject, the verb of the sentence i8 in the singular, unless
a demonstrative pronoun or some other defining word precedes the number
Kolme poikaa kvelee kadulla. There are three boys walking on the street.
Kaikki kolme poikaa kvelevt kadulla. AlI three boys are walking on the street.
5. the deelined forms of cardinal numbers are given on the next page
Numbers as nouns
ykknen one seitsikka/o, seiska seven
kakkonen two kahdeksikko/kasi eight
kolmonen three yhdeksikk/ysi nine
nelonen four kymppi ten
vi(i)tonen five satanen hundred
ku(u)tonen six tonni thousand
the ones ending in -nen inflect like other words ending in -nen, see t 25 in CNO
'kahdeksikko' follows t 15 in CNO and 'kymppi' t 6 in CNO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nom. gen. part. illat. part. plo gen. plo CNO
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
II-49
Dow to form
find the basic dictionary form, i.e., first infinitive of the verb,
which is also the first form in the list of conjugational types of verbs (CTV), App. 111
remove the 1 infinitive ending -a/-, -da/-d or, if the verb ends in
-sta/-st, -lla/-ll, -nna/-nn, -rra/-rr, remove correspondingly
-ta/-t, ~la/-l, -na/-n, -ra/-r
add -kaa/-k to this stern
men-n to go ol-la to be
men-k! go! ol-kaa: be:
if the 1 infinitive ends in -t-a/-t-, retain -t-, which is part of the stern,
in the impetative
When to use: in giving orders and commands to several people, or to a person with whom
you do not use the familiar form sin'
111-1
be able jaksaa (1) want to have, haluta (17) suffice riitt (2)
cool off jhty (8) want to do suit sopia (7)
dare uskaltaa (3) may, might tai taa (3) take ottaa (2)
drink juoda (10) offer tarjota (17) taste maistaa (1) tr.,
eat syd (10) prefer (see: rather) maistua (8) intr.
forbid kielt (3) smoke polttaa (2), use kytt (2)
know how osata (18) tupakoida (9) visit kyd (11)
stand on
ceremony kursailla (13) want haluta (17)
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
allergic allerginen ( 25) dreadful kauhea ( 20) nice, fun kiva (1)
beautiful kaunis (30) dry kuiva ( 2) nonalcoholic alkoholiton (24)
better parempi (14) excellent erinomainen ( 25) sa t i sft ed kyll.i.nen (25)
black musta ( 2) hot kuuma ( 2) some ki.nd of jonkinlainen. (25)
cold kylm ( 2) interesting mielenkiin- special, erikoinen (25)
toinen ( 25) , strange
difficult vaikea (20) jnn ( 2) warm lmmin (27)
delicious herkull inen ( 25) last viimeinen (25)
Pronouns pronomineja
1 nothing ei mitn
III-2
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HEARING IT 1
Dialog A. Play dialog A. Cover the Finnish text and follow the English. Do this at least three
times.
1. Mit saisi olla, rouva Virtanen? 1. Mrs. Virtanen, what would you like?
2. Saisinko kuivan martinin? 2. Could 1 have a dry martini, please?
3. Ent mit te joisitte, herra Virtanen? 3. And what would you like to drink, Mr. Virtanen?
4. No, jos teill on gini 4. Well, if you have some gin.
5. On, on, olkaa hyv, tss on 5. Oh, yes, here's a gin and tonic.
ginilonkero.
6. Ent herra Butler, mit haluaisitte? 6. And Mr. Butler, what would you like (ta have)?
7. Saisinko jotain alkoholitonta juomaa. 7. Could 1 have some nonalcoholic drink.
Jotain kylm, vaikka vett. Something cold, even water.
Minulla on jano. 1 1 m thirsty
8. Meill olisi coca-colaa, jaffaa ja 8. We have coke, orange soda and soda water
vichyvett. (mineral water).
9. Lasi jaffaa, kiitos. 9. A glass of orange soda, please.
10. Ja vhn pikkulmpimi, olkaa hyv. 10. And here are some hors d'oeuvres.
20. Saanko tarjota pullaa? 20. May 1 offer some coffee bread?
Oletteko maistanut voileipkakkua? Have you tasted the layered sandwich cake?
21. Kiitos, sin jo sit. 21. Thanks. 1 had some already.
Se on oikein herkullista. It's really delicious.
III-3
Dia10g B. Look at the Finnish text. P1ay scrarnb1ed dia10g B, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your
answers against the key.
Dia10g C. Look at the Eng1ish text. P1ay scrarnb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order. you heard the Finnish sentences, but this
tirne mark the Eng1ish. check your answers against the key.
Dia10g C. Listen to dia10g D and stop after each sentence for 30 seconds. write the rnissing
word(s) in the b1anks. Then check your work against the key.
------------------T--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY B. 11 14 15 3 7 8 20 12 13 17 18 19 1 4 5 6 2
c. 1 4 5 10 3 7 8 9 6 2 11 12 13 17 18 14 15 16 20 21
D. 1 Mr. 2 drink 3 co1d, even water 4 soda water 5 tea 6 tea 7 prefer
8 hors d'oeuvres 9 coffee bread 10 had sorne a1ready
III-4
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WBAT WOULD YOU LIKE1
Practice these sentences. Then act them out, substituting for the underlined word.
A. Ent mit te joisitte, herra Ent mits A. And what would you like to
Virtanen? drink, Mr. Virtanen?
c. No, jos teill on gini Onks teill C. Well, if you have some gin.
A. on, on, olkaa hyv, tss on tsson A. Yes, here's a gin and tonic.
ginilonkero.
2. jakso sequence 2
A. Ent herra Butler, mit mits te A. And Mr. Butler, what
haluaisitte? would you like (to have)1
A. Meill olisi cocacolaa, jaffaa Meill olis A. We have coke, orange soda and soda
ja vichyvett. . water (mineral water).
A. Ja vhn pikkulmpimi,
olkaa hyv.
. A. And here are some hors d'oeuvres.
111-5
~ ~
saisi olla? like to have?
saa olla? like to have?
Mit haluaisi tte? What would you like (lit., want)?
joisitte? drink?
ottaisitte? take?
KIlT05, EH t<'IT
ALKOHOl.IA . JANO?
Would you like to have a 'shot ' ? Who's thirsty? Could 1 have a glass of water?
No thanks, 1 don't drink alcohol. 1 1 m thirsty. Here you are.
Thanks.
youlre welcome.
Don't mention it.
III-6
3. jakso sequence 3
A. Olkaa hyv ja ottakaat
Kahvi on pydss.
.
.
A. Please help yourself (lit., take).
Coffee is served (lit., in the table).
B. Kiitos, kunhan everstin rouva . B. Thank you, after the colonel's wife
on ensin ottanut. . has first taken.
4. jakso sequence 4
C. Kiitos, min en juo kahvia. Kiitos, m en C. Thank you, 1 don't drink coffee.
A. Jisitteko sitten teet? Joisitteks te. A. Would you like tea then?
5. jakso sequence 5
A. Kytttek sokeria ja kermaa? Kyttteks te. A. DO you use sugar and cream?
B. Kiitos, sokeria, mutta en Joo, sokeria, B. yes, sugar, but 1 don't use cream.
kyt kermaa. mut m en
A. Niink: Minkin juon kahvin Mkin A. Really: 1 drink coffee black, too.
mustana.
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. saanko tarjota pullaa? Oletteko saanks m A. May I offer some coffee bread? Have you
maistanut voileipkakkua? Ootteks te tasted the layered sandwich cake?
C. Kiitos, sin sit jo. Joo, m sin C. Thanks, 1 already ate some.
se on oikein herkullista. . It's really delicious.
II 1-7
Joisitteko
Haluaisitteko
1 drink
like to have
Ottaisitteko
Saisiko olla
kahvia vai teet?
Kytttek use
Haluatteko
Otatteko
l
\
sokeria? Do you
~ want
take
sugar?
Saako olla kahvia? Kiitos, kyll. Would you like to have coffee? Yes, please.
Saisiko olla kahvia? Kiitos, ei. Would you like to have coffee? No, thanks.
Welcome for the coffee: Would you like some more? Thanks for the coffee.
Thank you. Half a cup, please. Don't mention it.
No thanks, that's enough.
1II-8
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HEARING IT II
Dialog A. Play dialog A. Cover the Finnish text and follow the English. Do this at least three
times.
Dialog A. CONNECTING SOUND AND WRITTEN FORM. Play dialog A again, but this time follow
the'Finnish text. Do this at least three times.
III-9
Dialog C. Look at the English text. Play scrambled dialog C, stopping after each sentence
for 5 or 10 seconds. Hark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences but
this time mark the English. Check your answer against the key.
Dialog D. Listen to dialog D and write the missing word(s) in the blanks. Check your
work against the key.
KEY B. 1 2. -3 6 5 12 13 8 9 10 5 16 19 17 18
C. 16 17 18 19 1 5 42 11 6
3 7 8 . 5 12 13 14 15
D. 1 coffee 2 roast 3 new potatoes, herring 4 taste rutabaga casserole
5 rather peculiar 6 beer 7 kind of home brew 8 smoke 9 af course
10 ashtray
II 1-10
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Olkaa hyv ja kyk pytn.
Ruoka on pydss.
.. A. Please sit down at the table.
The meal is served.
B. Voi, miten kaunis pyt! Voi, kuinka B. Oh, what a beautiful table:
8. jakso sequence 8
A. Haluaisitteko maistaa silli ja Haluaisitteks A. Would you like to taste some
uusia perunoita? te . herrlng and new potatoes?
A. saako olla paistia ja lanttu- Saaks olla A. Would you like some roast and
laatikkoa? . rutabaga casserole?
B. Paistia kiitos, mutta ei lanttu- mutt ei B. Some roast, thanks, but not
laatikkoa. Se ei sovi vatsalleni. mun vatsalIe rutabaga casserole. It's not
good for my stomach.
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Ent haluaisitteko maistaa haluaisi tteks A. And would you like to taste
kotikaljaa? te ....... home brew?
III-ll
1 1 "kar j alanpaistia.
l
paisti paistia
Tm leip on hyv. Mit leip se on? Se on ruisleip.
maustekakkua.
~~~:\
Jaa e 0.. ~~~~u~ ....
Jaa e oa vaniljajtel.
This
1 roast
bread
cake
is goode What
ast
bread is it?
ro
cake
It is
Karelian pot roast.
rye bread.
spiee eake.
{
iee eream iee eream vanilla iee eream.
De prepared to accept or declinesome strange native dishes. Piek your favorite alternative.
1
mmmi?
lipekalaa?
{
se ei sovi vatsalleni.
olen allerginen kalalle.
Aet out sequenee 9, and praetiee this exehange with your fellow students.
viiH? piim.
Saisiko olla pilsneri? Mit se on? Se on jonkinlaista olutta.
{ { jlkiruokaa.
kiisseli?
viili? buttermilk.
Would you like some pilsneri? What is it? It is kind of beer.
{ kiisseli ? {
dessert.
voita? butter,
Saisinko leip? Olkaa hyv. Could you pass the bread, please? Here you are.
{ suolaa ja { salt and
pippuria? pepper, lII-12
B. En osaa sanoa. Se maistuu aika En m osaa sa- B. 1 can't say. It tastes rather
erikoiselta. noo. Se on aika strange.
erikoista.
A. Ei kest. Olkaa hyv. Hauska, ett A. Don't mention it. You're we1come.
Hauska, ett piditte siit. tykksitte I'm glad you enjoyed it.
III-13
Act out and complete sequences 11 and 12. Make up your own variations using this model.
Thanks for a nice evening. Thanks for your hospitality. 00 you smoke?
Oon't mention it. Thanks for coming. 1t was nice you visited us. No, thanks
COMMON EXPRESS10NS
sopiiko, jos poltan? Tietysti, olkaa hyv. Is it alI right if 1 smoke? But, of course.
Saako tll polttaa? Valitettavasti ei. 1s smoking allowed here? Unfortunately not.
Saako tll tupakoida? Tupakointi on kielletty. Is smoking allowed here? Smoking is prohibited.
1. Praetiee these
words until you
ean identify the
objeet by its
Finnish name:
2. Listen to the tape and identify the objeet by the number when you hear the word .
A B C D E F G H 1 J K L
1II-15
A B
1. alcoholic nonalcoholic
2. glass of juice glass of soda
3. host hostess
4. drinks doesn't drink
5. eats doesn't eat
6. tastes doesn't taste
4. Continue listening and choose the appropriate category for your answer.
1 2 3 4 5 6
A. accepts
B. declines
C. expresses hesitation
5. Participation exercise
There are three participants (hostess, Mrs. Saari, Mr. Virtanen) in the following dialog.
Act first the role of Mr. Virtanen, who wants coffee and uses only sugar. The second time
around, act the role of Mrs. saari, who conveys the information to the hostess.
DICTATION
Listen to the dialog for repetition of sequences 10-12 and write them down. Compare your
writing with the text on p. 111-13 and correct it, if necessary.
l~ Find out
what your fellow students would like to have at a coffee party/at a dinner/
at a cocktailparty
what your fellow students -eat, drink, take, use- 'syd, juoda, ottaa, kytt'
what a strange native dish is
Look at the cartoon. Use your imagination and invent different conversations between the characters
Write them down and report them ta the class, indicating who is speaking.
111-17
4. Ask your fellow students' opinions and express your own about Finnish and American food
5. Ask your neighbor at the dinner table to pass the salt, sugar, pepper, etc.
and offer the sarne to hirn/her
111-18
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READING
Translate this with the help of the glossary.
CULTURAL POINTS
Rather than dinners, Finns serve coffee and give coffee parties. It's considered impolite to
refuse a second cup and even a third, or at least half a third cup when the hostess offers it.
Finns always serve coffee when you just drop in. They expect to be served likewise when they drop
in. When you go to a Finnish home as a dinner guest, take an ~dd number (1,3,5, or 7) of cut
flowers for your hostess. Flower shops are open at night just for this purpose.
After the party you may phone your hostess or host and say
or tell her/him if you think you are going to meet her/him soon. Try to be punctual, particularly
for a dinner.
111-19
Dow to form
3. always as the object in a negative sentence En halua auto.!. 1 don't want a/the car.
4. with cardinal numbers Viisi poika.! tulee. There are five boys coming.
as either subject or object Nen viisi poika.!. 1 see five boys.
9. in general, if there is any doubt or uncertainty about the outcome of the action
Odotan postia Amerikasta. I'm waiting for somemail from America.
Note: If the outcome is certain, the total object (gen./acc. or nom./acc.) should be used.
Odotan posti~, ennenkuin lhden. 1'11 wait for themail before 1 leave.
UI-2l
Se on pullo. Se on olutta .
It's~bottle. It's beer.
Se on kakku. Se on kakkua.
It's a cake. It's cake.
Lasi on uusi.
-- --
The glass is new.
Vesi on kylm.
(The) water is cold.
III-22
Alike
As a subjeet of a sentence, when it indicatea a defined quantity nominative
III-C PREDICATE NOUN AND ADJECTIVE IN THE SINGULAR after 'ei ole'
1. generally there is no ehange in the predieate noun or adjeetive when either ia negated
2. if you can think of -there is none or -1, you, ete., don't have any, the noun
changes to partitive after 'ei ole' (see II-C)
III-23
How to form
minut. me.
sinut. you.
Pekka tuntee hnet. Pekka knows him/her.
meidt. us.
teidt. you (pl./polite form).
heidt them
When to use
The underlined words above are the objeet of the sentenee. In English they are ealled direet
objeets beeause they are direetly affeeted by the aetion of the verb. In Finnish the objeet is
either total (1,2,3), or partial (4,5).
111-25
2. nom./ace. or 'nominative-like':
use only in the following struetures
3. accusative 5g. for personal pronoun5 and 'kuka' "who" see III-D III-26
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Dow to form and when to use the total objeet in a negative sentenee
both the partial and total objeet are always in the partitive
Note: The partitive forms for the personai pronouns and 'kuka' are regular.
Dow ta form
the genitive ease is formed by attaehing the genitive ending -n to the nominative
tm-Q, se-n but mi-nk
the internal loeative cases of 'se' are irregular: 'siin, siit, siihen'
notiee the difference between the partitive 'sit' and the elative 'siit'
II 1-27
When to use
b) when you refer back to a noun that has already been mentioned
c) when followed by a relative clause, e.g. 'se joka ' "the one who/that/which " (X-Dl
Se, joka asuu Suomessa, puhuu suomea. The one that lives in Finland speaks Finnish.
III-28
How to form
Note: 1n ending -da/-d, the -d- is assimilated with the preceding -1/-r/-o (this is
true also with longer than monosyllabic verbs, see 1V-D).
noua-ta to get up
pes-t ta wash
Note: If a verb ends in a vowel + -ta/-t, only the -a/- is the infinitive ending and
-t ia part af the stern (see III-H).
luvat-a ta pramise
tavat-a ta meet
III-29
4. to form the longer form of the 1 inf.: 1 info + -kse- + poss. suff. Win order to ~
(see XIII-A)
III-30
study the chact of the Conjugationa1 Types of Vecbs, CTV, App. 111
stact with the ficst infinitive of the vecb, i.e., the dictionary focrn
the stern is deterrnined by a cornbination of the 1 infinitive ending and the preceding sound
III-31
halu-t-a to want
halu-a-n 1 want
hn ha1u-a-a he/she wants
Note: when the stern for this type of verb ends in -aa/-, there is no personaI ending
for the sg. 3rd person
II 1-32
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eTV 6. a vowel -e- + -t-a/-t-
Type replace -t- with -ne-
20 consonant gradation follows the rules for -t-a/-t- verbs ( see P-B)
III-33
When to use
1. adjectives, (interrogative and demonstrative) pronouns and numerals
agree both in case and number with the noun that they modify
2. there are some exceptional adjectives that do not agree with the noun
joka every
eri different
viime last
ensi next
koko entire, whole
Note: There is a difference in meaning when a longer form of these adjectives is used which
agrees with the noun.
eri autosta.
Puhun -- -- 1 am talking about a different car.
erilaisesta autosta. a different kind of car
-- --
Olen siell koko viikon. 1'11 be there for the whole week.
-- -
kokonaise~ viiko~. the entire (complete) week.
1. most frequently -i changes into -e in the singular stern (see 8 in the CNO, App. 111)
suomi suome-n Finnish
kieli kiele-n language, tongue
lapsi lapse-n child
2. -i does not generally change in recent loan words in the singular (see 6 and 7
in the CNO, App. 111)
Note: I~some words (where -i normally changes into -el, -e in the end of the stern
drops off in partitive sg. (see 9 in the CNO, App. 111).
Note: The consonant gradation pattern for 'vesi' follows its historical antecedent form, 'veti'.
3. see
11 and
* 12 in the CND
lnsi lnnen lntt lnness lnteen west
lapsi lapsen lasta lapsessa lapseen child
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III-36
III-L NOHINALS ENOING IN -el
1. most words ending in -e follow this pattern (see t 5 in the CNO, App. 111)
Note: Words ending in -e used to end in a eonsonant whieh explains the weak grade in the
nominative and partitive:
the eonsonant gradation seems to work in the opposite way to normal
the glottal stop is not normally marked in Finnish, but here it ealls your attention
to double sound of the consonant after -e
you also hear the glttal stop before the following vowel (see P-5)
III-37
What you'd Itke to be able to say in Finnish? DoW close can you come to it now?
111-38
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UNIT IV
SHALL TALK RUPATTELUA
Nouns Substantiiveja
accident onnettomuus (35), German language saksa (1) size koko (15)
turma (2), hijacking lentokaappaus (32) sleep uni (B)
vahinko (15), Italian language italia (4) snow lumi** (9)
kolari (7) language kieli (9) Spanish language espanja (4)
airplane lentokone (5) lecture luento (15) speech puhe (5)
bicycle (polku)pyr (2) matter asia (4) store kauppa (1)
bus bussi (6) metro metro (15) streetcar raitiovaunu (15)
car auto* (15) model malli (6) sun aurinko (15)
carpool autoporukka (4) movies elokuvat (2) plo television televisio (15),
center keskusta (1) news uutiset (25) plo teevee (18),
church kirkko (15) nonsense soopa (2) telkkari (7)
clear weather pouta (2) Norwegian norja (2) test koe (5)
color vri (6) language theater teatteri (7)
concert konsertti (6) opera ooppera (4) thriller jnnitysfilmi (6)
compliment kohteliaisuus (33) period of vuorokausi (10) traffic liikenne (5)
coup d'etat vallankaappaus (32) 24 hours train juna (2)
country maa (18) pity vahinko (15) trip matka (1)
Danish language tanska (1) president presidentt i (6) vacation loma (2)
earthquake maanjristys (32) price hinta (1) Volkswagen volkkar i (7)
eruption of tulivuoren- radio radio (15) (colloq. )
volcano purkaus (32) radio play kuunnelma (3) weather s (18), ilma (1)
explosion rjhdys (32) Russian language venj (3) weather stiedotus (32)
finger sormi (B) revolution vallankumous (32) forecast
foot jalka (1) season kausi (10) wreck,heap romu (15)
year vuosi (10)
IV-l
Pronouns Pronomineja
DialogA. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish text and follow 1n English. Do th1s at least
three times.
5. Kas vain, sinhn puhut jo-hyvin suomea. 5. Oh, you do speak Finnish well.
6. Kiitos kohteliaisuudesta, 6. Thanks for the compliment, but
mutta en aina edes ymmrr sit. 1 don't always even understand it.
7. Min en osaa englantia ollenkaan. 7. 1 don't know English at alI.
Lapset kyll puhuvat sit sujuvasti. The children speak it fluently~
8. Xl puhu soopaa~ Hienostihan 8. Don't talk nonsenset
sinkin puhut. You speak it fine, too.
9. Kuule, mits arvelet, jos mentisiin 9. Listen, how about going for a beer~
oluelle?
10. Miks siin. Mennn vain.
11. Onpa tnn kaunis ilma~ 11. lt sure is beautiful weather todayt
12. Niin on, ja radion mukaan ei sada 12. Yes, it is, and according to the radio
tnn. Liikennekin sujui nopeasti. it won't rain today. The traffic went
quickly, too.
13. No, miten tulet kouluun? Autollako? 13. W~ll, how do you get to school? By car?
14. Autolla. Ajan itse vain joka toinen 14. By car. 1 myself drive only every other
piv. Olen autoporukassa Matin kanssa. day. l'm in a carpool with Matti.
15. Minklainen auto sinulla on? 15. What kind of a car do you have?
16. Vanha romu. Ajoin kolarin viime viikolla. 16. An old heap. 1 had a crash last week.
17. Eihn. Mik vahinko~ 17. Oh, not What a pityt
18. Sille ei nyt voi mitn. 18. One can't do anything about it.
19. Anteeksi, ett keskeytn, mutta auto- 19. Excuse me for interrupting, but
porukka lhtee viiden minuutin pst. the carpool will leave in five minutes.
lV-3
Dia10g B. Look at the Finnish text. Play scramb1ed dialog 8 stopping, for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences. Check your
answers against the key.
Dia10g C. Look at the English text. Play scrarnbled dialog C, stopping for 5 or 10 seconds after
each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but this tirne rnark
the Eng1ish. Check your work against the key.
Dia10g D. Listen to dia10g D and write the missing words in the blanks. Then check your work
against the key.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
KEY B. 3 49 10 11 12 15 16 18 5 6 7 8 9
C. 1 2 5 7 8 6 11 9 10 13 14 19 17 18
D. 1 fluently 2 compliment 3 speak 4 understand 5 fine 6 every day 7 l' m not
8 quick1y 9 traffic 10 use farniliar forrn
IV-4
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Emmek voisi sinutella? Eiks me voitas ? A. Can't we use -sin- with each
Min olen Liisa. M oon other? 1 1 m Liisa.
B. Siinhn se menee.
Ent itsellesi?
Ent sulle?
. B. Not too bad, and yourself?
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. Kas vain, sinhn puhut shn A. Oh, you do speak Finnish well
jo hyvin suomea. .. suomee. already
B. Kiitos kohteliaisuudesta,
mutta en aina edes
mut m en aina
. B. Thanks for the compliment, but
1 don't always even understand it.
ymmrr sit. .
3. jakso sequence 3
A. Min en osaa englantia M en A. 1 don't know English at alI.
ollenkaan. Lapset kyll Lapset kyll puhuu The children speak it fluently.
puhuvat sit sujuvasti. .
B. l puhu soopaa:
Hienostihan sinkin puhut.
skin . B. Don't"talk nansense:
You speak fine, too.
4. jakso sequence 4
A. Kuule, mits arvelet jos
mentisiin oluelle?
ments
.?
A. Listen, how about going
for a been
IV-5
Miksips ei? Why not? ei nyt sovi. ~ it's not alI right now.
Sopi ihan se.
Sehn kiva.
That's O.K. Valitettavasti
That's nice. ~ minulla on kiire. Unfortunately
mulla on kiire.
t I'm busy.
IV-6
5. jakso sequence 5
A. Onpa tnn kaunis ilma~ . A. It sure i8 beautiful weather today~
B. Niin on, ja radion mukaan Joo, ja .. B. Yes, it is, and according to the
ei sada tnn. Liikennekin '! radio, it wonlt rain today. The
sujui nopeasti. nopeesti. traffic went quickly, too.
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. No, miten tulet kouluun? No, miten s tuut A. Well, how do you come to school?
Autollako? ? By car?
B. Autolla. Ajan itse vain Joo M ajan B. By car. 1 myself drive only every
joka toinen piv. Olen M aan other day. 1 1 m in a carpool with
autoporukassa Hatin kanssa. . Matti.
7. jakso sequence 7
A. Minklainen auto sinulla on? Millanen auto sulIa on? A. What kind of a car do you have?
M ajoin .
B. Vanha romu. Ajoi; kolarin B. An old heap. 1 had a crash last
viime viikolla. week.
C. Anteeksi, ett keskeytn, Anteeks, ett m C. Excuse me for interrupting, but the
mutta autoporukka lhtee
viiden minuutin pst.
.. carpool will leave in five minutes.
IV-7
~
stiedotuksen ~ ~sataa. weather forecast,
~
Television sataa lunta. television, ~~~::
Teeveen mukaan on poutaa. Accordin9 to the TV, it will be fair.
Telkkarin aurinko paistaa. TV (colloq.), be sunny.
Lehden on kaunista. newspaper, be niee.
Act out sequences 6 and 7, seek and provide information like this.
metrolla. Metro.
KUinka} bussilla. bus.
Miten tulet tyhn? How do you come to work? Tulen raitiovaunulla. 1 come by streetcar.
Mill (lit., by what means?) junalla. train.
pyrll. bike.
jalan. foot.
IV-8
Dialog A. Play the taped dialog. Cover the Finnish text and follow in English. Do this at least
three times.
Dialog A. CONNECTING SOUND AND SPELLING. Play the taped dialog again and follow the Finnish
text. Do this at least three times.
IV-9
Dia10g C. Look at the Eng1ish text. Listen to scramb1ed dia10g C, stopping for 5 or 10
seconds after each sentence. Mark down in which order you heard the Finnish sentences, but
this time mark the Eng1ish. Check your work against the key.
Dia10g D. Listen to the dia10g D and write the missing word(s) in the b1anks. Then check your work
against the key.
1. What has .. ?
2. We were 100king for at the weekend.
3. Did you find ?
4. It's difficult ta find
5. We'll go ta .........................
6. 1 watched 1ate into the night.
7. 1 1istened to on the radio.
8. I f eel .
9. was no goode
lO~ Did you find . ?
KEY B. 9 10 11 3 4 7 8 5 6 1 2 15 16
15 16
c. 1 11 3 4 5 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
7 8
D. 1 happened 2 season tickets 3 place to live 4 apartment 5 rent 6 variety program
7 concert 8 tired 9 thril1er 10 place to live, downtown
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IV-lO
Praetiee these sentenees. Then aet them out, substituting for the underlined words and expressions.
8. jakso Sequenee 8
A. No, mit on tapahtunut?
Miten viikonloppu meni? .. A. well, what's happened?
How did your weekend go?
..
B. Ent mit te teitte B. And what did you do during the
viikonloppuna? weekend?
A. Emme viel. On vaikea lyt Ei viel. On vaikee A. Not yet. It's difficult to find
sopivaa. . anything suitable.
A. Emme tied viel. Menemme Ei me tiedet viel. A. We don't know yet. We are still
viel katsomaan ensi viikon- Me mennn 90in9 to look at (them) next week-
loppuna. . end.
IV-ll
matka trip?
Miten loma meni? Kiitos, hyvin. How was the holiday? Fine, thanks.
{ koe {
exam?
vallankumous. A revolution
Lhi-idss on tapahtunut maanjristys. There's been in the Near East.
{ lento-onnettomuus. There's been
accident
Ask for and provide information about your past and future activities, using this model.
eilen? yesterday?
Mit te teitte toissapivn? What did you do the day before yesterday?
t perjantai-iltana?
sunnuntaina?
{ Friday night1
on Sunday?
elokuvissa. movies.
Kvimme kirkopsa. We went to (the) church.
{ kaupassa. { store.
teatterissa. theater.
{~~
juomassa drink beer.
Miss te Kvimme etsimss. olutta. Where did you We went look for beer.
kvitte? { ostamassa go? to buy beer.
IV-12
B. Miten niin, etk nukkunut hyvin? ........ . , ets . B. How come, didn't you sleep well?
A. Joku jnnitysfilmi. Nitk Joku jnnri Nit A. Some thriller. Did you see it?
sin sen? s sen?
IV-13
Nukuttaako } sleepy?
Haukottaako sinua? Do you feel like yawning?
Vsyttk { tired?
~ ~
kuuntelin radiota. r listened to the radio.
En saanut unta, luin liian myhn. r eouldn't get to r read tilI too late.
koska meill oli vieraita myhn. sleep beeause the guests stayed late.
join liian paljon kahvia. 1 drank too mueh eoffee.
Aet out sequence 12, using these variations and providing others of your own.
t
ooppera.
TV-sarja.
{ opera.
TV-series.
IV-14
1. Listen to the story on the tape and check the box tor the correct imp1ied answer.
Characters: Maija and Lasse
T F
1. The -sin- agreement is initiated by Lasse.
2. Everything is tine with Maija.
3. Everything is fine with Lasse.
4. Lasse's wife dcove to Ko1aci ducing the weekend.
5. Fortunate1y, it was theic old Volkswagen.
2. Listen to the story on the tape and check 'the box for the correct answer.
T F
1. The weather was beautiful.
2. It was a long day because 1 didn't come home until 8 o'clock.
3. We had dinner at 1:30.
4. 1 heard the news from my friend in Kansas.
5. It's already one 0'c10ck and 1 wi11 go to sleep.
3. Listen to the captions on the tape and then write them in each bubble.
1 2
OTTO KALLE
IV-15
A B
1. came . went
2. his son his family
3. the US ambassador to Finland the Finnish ambassador to the USA
4. a revolu tion coup d'etat
5. according to the paper according to the radio
6. on the moon this month
7. falr it rains
5. Listen to the words on the tape, stop the tape after each pair and write them down.
Check your answers against the key below.
KEY 1. lF 2T 3F 4F 5F
2. lF 2F 3F 4T 5F
3. see texts for comprehension, App. VI
4. lA 28 38 4A 58 68 7A
5. kaappaus kaupassa kumous koulussa jristys rjhdys ollut olutta jnnitys
jristys sinutella sinulle pyrll saada sataa aikoa aikaan
vuoden uuden kahvi kaappi ystv istukaa
IV-16
7. Listen to the story on the tape and check the box for the correct answer. T F
1. 1 intend to read a new book.
2. Today is sunday.
3. The main character died in the air accident.
4. 1 know the writer.
5. The writer has written severa1 books.
KEY 6. 1T 2T 3F 4F 5T
7. 1T 2T 3F 4T 5T
IV-17
1. 'Sin' agreement
make the formal 'sin' agreement with your feIIow student/teacher
use the famiIiar form in conversation
suggest 'sin' agreement between your spouse and a friend of yours with whom you use the
famiIiar form
4. FeeIings
ask your feIIow student to describe how he/she feels
ask your feIIow student why he/she feels in a particuIar way
express your own feeIings
IV-IB
pivlliskutsuilla
Rouva Jones on menossa yksin pivlliskutsuille kello kolmeksi rouva Virtasen kotiin. Hnen
miehens ei halua tulla mukaan, koska hnest kutsut ovat ikvi. Hn on horoskooppimerkiltn
Hrk ja hyvin itsepinen. Mutta rouva Jones on hyvin seurallinen ja pit hyvst ruuasta ja
juomasta. Rouva Virtanen on taas laittanut paljon suomalaista ruokaa.
Ensiksi rouva Jones puhuu herra Smithin kanssa, joka on amerikkalainen sotilasasiamies. Tm
sanoo rouva Jonesille, ett hn ei uskalla maistaa lanttulaatikkoa, koska lkri on kieltnyt.
Rouva Smith taas sanoo, ett hn ei voi syd silakkapitsaa, koska hn on allerginen silakalle.
Tm on rouva Jonesista omituista, koska hnest molemmat maistuvat hyvin eksoottisilta.
Rouva Jones puhuu mys herra Virtasen kanssa, joka on suomalainen lhetystvirkailija.
Herra Virtanen kertoo, ett hn ajoi autonsa romuksi viime viikolla mutta ett hn onneksi pit
kvelemisest.
-Voi, mutta kello on jo yhdeksnt-, keskeytti rouva Jones. Hnell oli niin hauskaa, ett hn
unohti ajan:
Pikapuhelu Ei kelvannut
IV-19
How to form
Note: The consonant grade rernains the same as 1n the present tense.
the past tense is given in the 3rd column of the CTV chart, App. III
the past tense marker -1- often cauaes changes in the stern
IV-21
Type e) a group of very eommon verbs whieh form the past tense with -s1-
3 your best bet is to memorize this group
IV-22
Note: in monosyllabic verbs, for which the present tense stern ends in -i-, there is no vowel
change in the past tense
Type 5. if the stern ends in -i-, the past tense i8 the same as the present tense,
7 except in the 3rd person sg., where there is no ending
Type 6. drop -e before the past tense marker -i- , if the stern ends in -e
4,7,
12-16, lukea lue-n lu-i-n to read
20 tehd tee-n te-i-n to do
nhd ne-n n-i-n to see
tulla tule-n tul-i-n to come
menn mene-n men-i-n to go
olla ole-n ol-i-n to be
IV-23
Compare this:
(min) en 1
(sin) et/Te ette ~ nhnyt you (sg./polite forrn)
hn ei he/she
didn't see
(me) emme
(te) ette
he eivt
I nhneet
we
you (plo)
they
With this:
(min) en 1 don't
(sin) et/Te ette you don't
hn ei he/she doesn't
ne see
me emme we don't
te ette you don't
he eivt they didn't
How to form
- the main verb form i8 the east active participle (see the 4th column in CTV, App. 111)
the negative past tense is formed with the respective forrns of the negation verb and the
past active participle of the main verb
IV-24
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IV-E PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE
How to form
singular Plural
How to form
(Me) olemme
(Te) olette } olleet tll viikon. ~~u (Plo)} have been here f or a week.
He/ne ovat They
En ole } 1 haven't }
Et ole/Te ette ole kynyt Suomessa. You/you (sg./polite form) haven't visited Finland.
Hn ei ole He/she/it hasn't
IV-26
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When to use
Olitko tavannut Maijan sit ennen? Had you met Maija before that?
How to form
the past perfect tense is formed much the same way as the present perfect tense (IV-F)
the auxiliary verb 'olla' is in the past tense
the main verb is in past active participle (IV-E)
when to use
IV-27
Dow to form
- the -familiar- sg. imperative of 'sin' is the same as the negative form of the verb
- it is formed by removing the personai ending -n from the first person singular
istua to sit
istu-n 1 sit
istu~ sit~
antaa to give
anna-n 1 give
anna: give~
with the 2nd and 1st person imperative, the affirmative total objeet is in the nom/acc.
(see III-E)
Note: This (imperative) form is pronounced (but not written) with the 9lottal stop, which
causes the followin9 consonant sound to be doubled.
the glottal stop is strong in some parts of Finland even before a vowel
- for the 2nd person plo and polite form imperative, see 11-S
IV-28
Dow to form
the negative imperative for the familiar ag. 'sin' (see example 1 above)
l + the negative form of the verb (i.e., l + affirmative imperative form)
the negative imperative for the plo and polite sg. 'te, Te' (seeexample 2 above)
- remove the 1 infinitive ending for the form of the verb (i.e., the aarne as in the
affirmative, see also 11-S
- lk + verb + -ko/-k
Note: The objeet (total and partial) is always in the partitive in the negative sentence, even
in the imperative.
3. Pekka pyysi minua katsomaan asuntoja. Peter asked me to look at some apartments.
remove the personal ending from the 3rd person sg. present tense
add -maj-m
add one of the five possible 'case endings: -ssa/-ss, -sta/-st, -Vn, -lla/-ll, -tta/-tt
When to use: case endings cannot he attached to the 1 infinitive, but instead are attached
to the 111 infinitive
4. when a subject causes, e.g., asks, teaehes, makes, ete., an object to do something
the 111 infinitive + -Vn
~~~~~~
Sain
~ Pekan pesemn lattian. 1 1=:~:~t ~
got
Pekka to wash the f loor.
Panin made
Note: 'antaa' "let", 'sallia' "to allow", and 'kske' "to command" are an exception
to this rule.
- antaa/sallia + gen. + 1 infinitive
Compare
Lupasin tavata hnet. I promised to meet him/her.
Onnistuin tapaa~ hnet. I managed to meet him/her.
Note: The object is in partitive with the verbs above (these verbs are negative in nature).
When to use
IV-31
Kyn siell ensi syksyn/tn talve~. 1'11 visit there next fall/this winter.
Join kahvia tn aam~/perjantai-ilta~. 1 drank coffee this morning/Friday night.
a) week 'viikko'
-lla/-ll
Kyn konsertissa ensi viikolla. I'm going to the concert next week.
b) year 'vuosi' and the days of the week 'vii konpi vt'
-na/-n
c) month 'kuu'
-ssa/-ss
4. when specifyi~g the time with undeclinable 'joka' "every", use the nominative
Min vuonna
Miss kuussa
Mill viikolla
Min pivn
1menet Suomeen? Which
year
month
{ week
day
are you going ta
Finland?
IV-32
airfield lentokentt (2) dollar dollari (6),taala (1) pastry leivos (32)
airport lentoasema (3) foreigner ulkomaalainen (25) person henki (B),
baggage matkatavara (4) form lomake (5), henkil (16)
baggage saapunut (38) kaavake (5) porter kantaja (3)
claim matkatavara (4) harbor satama (3) price hinta (1)
barber parturi (7) information neuvonta (4) reception vastaanotto (15)
beauty kampaamo (15) inspection tarkastus (32) red wine punaviini (6)
salon key avain (23) reservation (pyt)varaus (32),
breakfast varhaisaamiainen (25) kitchen keitti (21) (huone)varaus (32)
bill lasku (15) laundry pesula (4) room huonepalvelu (15)
bottle pullo (15) (place) service
business liikematka, liquor anniskelu- sairnon lohi (8)
trip virkamatka (1) license oikeudet (33) sauce kastike (5),
buffet seisova pyt (2) lobby aula (1) soosi (6) colloq.
cafe kahvila (4) luggage matkatavara (4) smrgasbord voileippyt (2)
cart krryt (15) lunch lounas (30), special dish erikoisruoka (2)
carton kartonki (7) aamiainen (25) steam bath sauna (1)
center keskus (32) main dish pruoka (2) supper illall inen (25)
check (6) shekki (6) mashed perunamuhennos (32) swimming pool* uimahalH (6)
cheese juusto (15) potatoes pe runasose (5) sum summa (2)
connection yhteys (33) meeting kokous (32) taxi taksi (6),
country maa (lB) menu ruokalista (l) pirssiauto (15)
curiosity utel.iaisuus (33) moment hetki (8), tip juomaraha (1)
currency valuutta (1) hetkinen (25) traveler matkustaja (3)
custom tulli (6) money raha (1) .waiter tarjoilija (4)
dance tanss i (6) ntghtclub ykerho (15) white wine valkoviin i (6)
date treffit (6) colloq. passport passi (6) wine list vHnilista (1)
plo
* public indoor pool
V-l
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
domestic
paras (30) fresh
kotimainen (25) national
tuore (5)
kansallinen (25)
I
stale kuiva (leip) (2),
vljhtynyt (38)
Pronouns Pronomineja
V-2
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SCENE 1
Maahantulo Entering the country
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Passi, olkaa hyv.
Kauanko aiotte viipy maassa?
.
Kauanks te
A.Passport, please.
How long do you intend to stay
in the country?
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. Onko teill mitn tullattavaa? Onks A. Do you have anything to declare?
3. jakso sequence 3
B. Anteeksi, missa voin vaihtaa m voin B. Excuse me, where can 1 exchange
valuuttaa? currency?
4. jakso sequence 4
B. Miss neuvonta on?
Onko tll kantajia?
.
Onks
B. Where is the information?
Are there any porters here?
V-]
kuukauden. a month.
Yiivyn kaksi viikkoa. 1'11 stay for two weeks.
{ {
puoli vuotta. half a year.
lOmamatkalla. vacation.
Olen virkamatkalla. . 1 am on a
{ liikematkalla. { business trip.
business.
Sequence 3
Sequence 4
takseja? taxis
Onko tll kantajia? Are there any porters here?
{ { carts
krryj?
V-4
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SCENE 2
Hotellissa At the hotel
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. piv. Olen tuomari Smith. Minulla M oon Mulla A. Good morning. 1 1 m Mr. Smith
pitisi olla tll huone varattuna. pitis 1 should have a room booked here.
B. Hetkinen, olkaa hyv. Miksi Hetki vaan Miks B. A moment, please. For what day
pivksi se on varattu? pivks is it reserved?
A. Kahdeksi viikoksi tst pivst Kaheks viikoks A. For two weeks, starting today.
alkaen. .
6. jakso Sequence 6
B. Mill nimell? B. 1n what name is it reserved?
B. Tss se onkin. Kahden hengen huone. Kahen B. Here it is~ A double room
Olkaa hyv ja tyttk tm
kaavake (matkustajakortti).
. Please fill out this form
(passenger card).
7. jakso 4
Sequence 7
A. Onko huoneessa oma kylpyhuone Onks huoneessa A. Does the room have its own
ja puhelin? . bathroom and a telephone?
B. Kaikissa huoneissamme on kylpyhuone meidn huoneissa B. AlI our rooms have a bathroom
ja puhelin. and a phone.
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Sisltyyk aamiainen huoneen Sisltyyks A. Is breakfast included in the
hintaan? price?
viikoksi huomisesta }
Huone on varattu kuukaudeksi maanantaista alkaen.
{ puoleksi toista kuukaudeksi eilisest
a week, tomorrow.
The room 1s reserved for 1 month, starting from Monday.
{ 1 1/2 months, {
yesterday.
Find out the answers to the following questions from the information below.
aamiaista? pankki
Mihin aikaan tarjoillaan lounasta? Mihin aikaan sauna on avoinna?
1 pivllist? { pesula
kampaamo
~::~a
breakfast
At what time is lunch served? What time is the open?
1 dinner { laundry
hairdresser
11ESI'EIUA
Paihllio./a ..lvalinlapuholul no 0 Loc.1 and hunk eolls No. 0
M.nnerhehnlnlle 50 K.. klJo no 1 ()pe lor No. I
Pllh, 00260 lIel.lnkl 26 RAVINTOLAMME OUR RESTAURNTS
ToI. 441311 Telo" 12:1117 MAlN nESTAUIlANT 2nd 1100.
pnAVlNTOlA 2. ke.. oo open 1 a.m. - mltlnig/'I. ,..o,v.llona No. 1
lVoi ,a klo 01-24, pIlvIJvuksel no 1 b.eakl.sl
aami.lnon (ol.is. huonehinlnlklu 01-10, IU 08-10 (noIllle!. In ,oom ,alol 01-10 i./n, Sun 08-10 './Il.
luuno. klo 1'1.30-15 luneh II.JO 1.111, .,... 3 ",/n.
: IllJONE '-t. ') t') IIINTA. pAluAiinon
VKERIIO ",,1~.kerrDk .....
klo 11-20 dinno. 5-8 p,m:
NIGHT CLUB on Ihe 9'ound Iloo,
ROO,., -'(0\ 0\ PRICE Ivoinn. Itlo 21-02 lsUnpUsymak.1I OP~II 9 p.m. - 2 a.rn., env" cha.ge .
lIa.auk.., no I/yoke.hon lIa,.,ikso' ,,,o,"alioIlS No, I/Nighl Club ,.. o.vlllori'
VAUATIU ASTI jd) . 'HlO 12 IllJONEPALVELU hOOM SEnVlCE
0.". eha,g.
RESEnVED UNlIL ~.I q, 12 NOON
Ihuk..1 no 6. huono'a'lolufisAmaksu
SAUNAOSASTO I>Uhl.kf!f,ok......
avoinna klo 08-21, lIa,auksol no 8
tali No. 6,
SAUNA DEPAnTMENT on lI,e grc.... nd fIoo,
o""n B. m. - 9 ".m., .....II.llon. No. 8
4 sai",as, ...!onmlllg pooli bar ""llh lillffl A .,Iat.
MikallIJhI0p3lvi.1n. rnullllu". oll.lta. "sli~J1lisbil 4 .. una., "Im..n.s, lakkahuone ja 1>00.1 In.snge and 9\lmnulum
~I"VI "aslaarlOtlOOli ~hnel\ ~kllfJ. no 3 . . hlo.onla ja kunlo.oIl
lAUNDRY SEIIVICE, No. 2
II. eMe 1/011.11';, \lDUI d.l/oI d.p.,lu'e, \JI~AS4 tOllI.kI PESlJLAPALVELU, no 2 ,"undrv idi DC1 wo.kdOJ/s t.e/o.o 9.30 .m.
11>4 ltt."lIhn ""'d,. io .tri.1Nd~ 3 131111 ma-pe ennon klo 9.JO
palo"lus klo 19 monnusl .
WiI he .olurrl.d bv 1 p.m. ,...
p.nsi"!J B. m. ~.~ p.m. Ho. 5.
mlyil ,. ",.sslys klo 08-"21 Ilo 5
IInlolll 01 vUI.a arvoo!slllehl'; /Olla II' oIii Iltolllll.1f:I! .MnDER SI(OP 8. LADlioS' IIihonESsm
Iokrtoon: . MnTURlKAMpMMO i>ol1altenoksu.. oh Iho sroulld f1oOr. tuo;vallons)hr1Jil9!1
v uk.. 1 no I k.ullvoInn.
1l.~ hol.1 Is. to~",,"sli.lt .lit,,,, 101 lI4tJblu JoPa.llitd ma '0 ~klo O9-IB . .
.!,I"' Io, No. 1, open
Mon I!l Frl9 '.m."':: 61"'1'1.
.
lr. oil, .~'o bv iho ""rlol 11-10 kJo 09-11 Tuo - Thoi 9 . m. ".. ~ p.rII.
'I'f\NKld'SVP .iJ~"-.Jnha
"'ll-pli k~.' ~,15-16.15
bAtm UUI' ~i lh~ Iobby. "'' 11
Weekd.~' 9.IS . m. ~ 4.ls p.m.
V-6
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SCENE 3
Puhelu Making a telephone call
9. jakso Sequence 9
C. onko kukaan soittanut? onks kukaan soittanu? C. Ha5 anybody called?
B. Joku Jill smith kysyi sinua. kysy sua B. A Jill smith asked for you
H. jakso Sequence 11
A. Terve, tll Jill. Hiritsenk1 Hiritsenks m? A. Hi, this is Jill.
Olitteko jo nukkumassa? olitteks te Am 1 disturbing yoU?
were you already sleeping?
C. Olipa hyv, ett muistutit. Olipas hyv, ett C. 1t sure was good that you reminded
Olinkin aivan unohtanut sen. M olinkin ihan me. 1 had forgotten alI about it.
V-7
Sequence 11
nukkumassa? sleeping?
Joko olitte
~ symss?
kylpemss (saunassa)?
WeIe you already
l
eating?
bathing (in the sauna)?
sequence 12
V-8
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SCENE 4
Ravintolassa At the restaurant
B. Ei ole. Meit on vain kaksi. Ei 00. Meiton vaan kaks. B. No. There's just the two
of us.
B. Mit te suosittelette
tnn?
.. B. What do you recommend
today?
.
A. Meill on tuoretta lohta, ja A. We have fresh salmon, and
pivn erikoisruoka on karja- - . today's special 1s Kare11an
lanpaisti. . pot roast.
V-9
~ ~
seisova pyt? a buffet'?
Onko teill solmiopakko? Do you have dress regulations, i.e., a tie requiremenl1
tanssia? dancing1
anniskeluoikeudet? a liquor license?
Use Sequence 13 and the menu on p. V-II to order your complete meal, aa ia being done below.
~
~
V-lU
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Act out the restaurant scenes and order a complete meal for yourself and your family
from this menu.
SUOMALAlNEN'MENU
PUruokia MaiD ishcs
MENU FINNISH STYLE I'dlert)'i 19ah.. lIIolldJa1acca Iapau .w,...
a Ss.- BoiJed pik,..pnda Finnish nylt
Mariaoltaj. edkkullakolta. pefUaapUJllkku
Lolslec1la pa1Iteltu. lobt1, melSisJml.l.. eua I Ii 57,...
MIUinIIUd &/ric herrinrs wllh pOIaIo pasty Glow IrietJ smmon wlthlorat mushroom SIllJld :x
Poroakiristpl1, JUIII10perUDIIY1IoPa. paolakk.u hrjala.apalstia, pcraauoselta, taorckarldnualunla 3J,...
Sautied nindeer wilh Chet:s~POID'O crz:surok .md red
whort1eberries Kardian SIeW wirh tnIIShI POID'OCS Qnl/Irr:sh CJlCJImbcr l!tIJIId
PoroDkrlstylti, Joastopmllluaoba, poolakba 31,...
Iupalold1ud1. naDjake:rm.u
Cranberry100/ with 'lIanilJa cretUJ1
Saulkd rdndm- with chet:wpOIDIO casserolt tnUi red
whon/eburies
Ala Carte
SUOMALAINEN KElI II
FINNISH KITCHEN
JllJdruokia Desserts
Alkuruokia Appetiz.en brpaJoJiid)'ke 26,-
VlbbluolallDa Iob", apolcUa m...... liDappOmdk.... 33r- Cnlllberry pIlrfaU
s/i,htly .mI.ed SIJlmon wilh potIClwJ eri (lniJ nwslJlrd.sttJla Muaslkolla, kermaa 25,-
Sanuldtaa poroapalltla. konaDealmDDakokkella 31,... Srruwben1cs wilh aum
SmohtJ rtintJr s.mt and st:nImbled qrs wUh morels
SaollUl1a1DCD lob.lkdno 11,...
Fmnish smmcm SOIlP
KomulcalkeJuo %7.- ,.... IUDI1IDUaisla
V-ll
PUHELIN- PHONE
PALVELU
AIKATIEDOTUS
e) SERVICE
061
PIVIN
RUOKAOHJE
Dial-a-recipe
048
T.ime
.
~
PIVN
ARVOPAPERI- JA SANA 050
VALUUTTAKURSSIT 031 Dial-a-prayer
Stock market and
foreign exchange ~
~~ SHKSANOMAIN
VASTAANOTTO 021
ELOKUVA- JA
TEATTERIOHJELMAT
~ . ~\\III Telegrams
by phone
~
041
'" . /~
Movie and theater programs
. " Sxx-
HELSINKI TIEDOTUS 038
TODAY ? Weather
HELSINKI 056
fAJ URHEILU-
TNXXN UUTISET 032
Sports news
LEVY-
UUTUUDET 030 UUTISET 016
X News
@
New record releases
2
N~SIN
-~:
018 VEIKKAUS-
ENGLISH" UUTISET 034
Bet ting news
NIMI-
TIEDOTUS
'itlF 013 AUTOMAATTINEN
Nimitiedotus vastaa kysymykseen The reverse directory informa- PUHELINBERXTYS 0151
~Kenell on puhelinnumero xxxxxxl~ tion answers the question, ~Who has Wake-up-call
the phone number xxxxxxl~ service
NUMERO-
TIEDOTUS
@ 012
Numerotiedotus vastaa kysymykseeen The alphabetical listing
VIKA-
ILMOITUS
Repair serv.ice
019
Vastapuhelu
- edullinen tapa hoitaa yhteydet kotiin taJ flrmaan kun olet matkoilla.
<D
Vatlpuhelu yhdlsletlln vain, JOI henkil, JoUe soUat, haluaa maksaa puhelun.
Puhelun yastaanoU~a saa aina eriteUyn laskun valtapuhelulstL
Myl ulkomailta yol soiUla Suomeen vaslapuhehya. Vastapuhelut Ilmaistaan.
eri kieW1l:
engl. - .Trans(ened eall saks. - R~Gesprich
Im.en'" - Colleel eall rusko - Communicatlon PVC
POSTI-JA TELELAITOS
V-13
2. You have a telephone number but you don't knaw whose number it iso
Call the reverse directory for the information.
b) !
c) I
NIMI-
TIEDOTUS 013
t"'.IJ.oolu'''.UN.rt~_ Tt. rwvll, dlrec:wry Info"'dtlcH".
d) . "1(.,""" 011 put.-lioouo,oM x.u.a.ur .,.._,.. the qutllI t. on
Who N' the pt lOf\lI nuriA,. IIXX'''I l'
NUMERO-
TIEDOTUS
012
IluIl\lI,olledollJl "u... kyavrnyklMn Thll alphabet:ical IIl1tln"
Mi~' puhlllnnumlllo on NN;lUll" ansWBnI the quo!lUon
'Wldt nUltJar doBS Nf h.tvol'
v-14
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4. Listen to the telephone conversation and mark under each heading the telephone number of
each service.
Reception Room service Main restaurant Night club Sauna Laundry Hairdresser
5. Listen to the short conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is talking
to whom, where, when, and why. Compare your notes with the other students.
6. Listen to the short conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is talking to whom, where,
and why. Compare your notes with the other students.
7. Listen to this conversation and check the key for the answer.
T F
1. The husband forlJ ot that he and his wife had been invited outo
V-15
1. At the hotel
find out if the American embassy has reserved a suite for you
there has been a misunderstanding - the rooms are for the following week
clear up the situation
2. Telephone call
call your mother in Kansas from Helsinki
give the operator the country code, city code, and local number
call the operator two more times during the next five minutes
first cornplain about the poor line and then about a strange beeping noise on the line
the operator suggests you try sorne other day
4. At customs . ~~~
You are trying to enter Finland with sorne suspicious-looking stuff in your
suitcase. The customs officer asks to see the suitcase, finds the stuff, smells it, and
accuses you of bringing in marijuana. You claim that it ts the ashes of your deceased
relative. Before the officer calls the police, show him/her the Finnish consulate authorization
for bringing in the ashes or ask the officer if you could call the embassy.
V-16
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5. At the restaurant
the doorman tells you that you must wear a tie to be able to get in
ask if you could borrow one there or use your lady friend's belt
try to talk yourself out of the situation
order a drink in a restaurant
the waiter tells you that you can have a drink only with a meal
tell hirn that you've had your meal and ask if you could just have an appetizer
with the drink
try other suggestions and anticipate the waiter's reaction
Me tiedmme hyvin, ett joka maassa kansalliset ruuat ovat mielenkiintoisimmat. Eivtk
vain ole mielenkiintoisimmat, vaan mys parhaat, koskapa ne osataan valmistaa oikein. Mutta
miten osata valita oikeat ruuat? Menkmme siis ruokalistaan. Mik voisi olla hyv alkuruokaa?
Kaikki pienet liha- ja kalaherkut sek tietysti leip ja voi. Mutta parhainta ovat kuitenkin
suomalaiset keitot, erikoisesti madekeitto.
Pruuaksi suomalainen valmistaa kalaa eri tavoin. Suolaaminen on paistamisen ohella
suosituin valmistustapa. Kuuluisin on graavilohi. Yksinkertainen paistettu silakka on todella
hyv ruoka. Tunnetuin suomalaisista liharuuista on karjalanpaisti. Erikoisherkku taas on
poronkristys, varsinainen lappalaisruoka. Kesisin tiettyyn aikaan rapu on aivan
kansallisherkku. Silloin ravintolatkin on koristettu punaisin ravunkuvin. Oikein rapujuhlia
pidetn.
Jos olette Suomessa kesaikaan, jolloin torit ja kaupat ovat tynn vihanneksia ja
marjoja, voitte syd halvalla maailman parhaita tomaatteja, hedelmi ja marjoja.
Jlkiruokana suomalaiset juustot ovat vallan mainioita. pyytkp esimerkiksi
pohjalaista leip juustoa.
Entp sitten juomat? Ryypyiksi meill on erinomaista viinaa nimeltn Koskenkorva.
Olutta on useita kotimaisia lajeja. Maistakaapa mys suomalaistakuohuviini ja likri.
V-17
1',,>,1.1
nll',.-j
Itlbtf'
o
u 00.00- I *
Dl 70.00.om
3 77 112 .11.1 " 10.00 .. I SU
4
DO 70.00. I *
5
00 16.0 0.0 UJtY
~6-;,et~J
7
,. .,0 " ".0 0" I SU
DD 8TJfO I I t
!i'
.\: ... ' ""'.) ~ :, ..H.'' ,., . '1. fl_~r'J 'nn 11'1 ':1.'lllV!. kaar.lopIHlllll~
~Ga ..
V-18
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stop here, catch your breath, and take stock of alI you have learnt up tilI now.
You can look after yourself in Finland:
V-l9
Dow to form
When to use
Sauna ei saa olla liian kuuma. The sauna must not be too hot.
Hn ei saa olla myhss. He must not be late.
Note: 'tarvita,' in its meaning "to need something," behaves like any other verb.
How to form
1. non-motion verbs: treat the time expression as if it were an object (see 1II-E)
the total object in an affirmative sentence is generally in the gen./acc.
Olen viikon lomalla. I'm on vacation for a week.
the total object after the imperative (1st and 2nd person) is in the nom./acc.
(follows normal practice)
Ole meill viikko~ Stay with us for a week~
the total object with the passive voice is in the nom./acc. (see VI-A)
Suomess~ viivytn kuukausi. We stay in Finland for a month.
4. to indicate a period of time when one has not or will not engage in an activity
expressed by the verb, use the illative case
En ole kynyt suomessa kahteen vuoteen. I haven't visited Finland for two years.
En ole tavannut hnt pitkn aikaa~ I haven't met hirn for a long time.
En ole kuullut hnest viikkoon. --- 1 haven't heard from hirn for a week.
Note: for postpositions and prepositions with time expressions, see IX-F
This i8 an empty space. Fill it with your own material, as you wi8h.
V-22
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V-C WOROS ENOING IN -as/-s, -is
1. nom. sg. and part. sg. are in the weak grade when consonant gradation 1s
applicable, see P-8
all other cases are in the strong grade, and the last vowel of the stern is doubled
the illati ve is formed with -seen in the singular
-siin in the plural
Note: With this type of word, the partitive ending -ta/-t is attached to the weak,
nominative form: rikas rikas-ta
do not confuse th1s with the elative ending -sta/-at, which is attached to the strong
forrn of the stern
rikas rikkaa-sta
V-23
Dow to form
lhett ta send
lhetin 1 sent
lhetin (radio) transmitter
Note: De careful not to confuse these words with the adject1ves 1n which -1n 1s
the superlative marker. (see t 26 in the CND, App. 111)
V-24
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V-E NOUNS ENDING IN -us/-ys, -uus/-yys, -os/-s
Dow to form
abstraet nouns ending in -us/-ys, -os/-s (see example i above) are often derived from
eorresponding verbs
the stern ending is -kse- (see i 32 in the CND, App. 111)
abstraet nouns ending in -us/-ys (see example 2 above) that are derived from nouns, numerals,
or adjeetives follow this pattern: (see i 33 in the CND, App. 111)
abstraet nouns ending in -uus/-yys (see example 3 above) follow this pattern, irrespeetive of
whether they are derived from verbs or nominals
V-25
Jos olisin rikas, ostaisin tuon talon. If I were rich, I'd buy that house.
Jos sataisi, kastuisimme. If it should rain, we would get wet.
How to form
remove the last vowel of the 3rd person sg. present tense
add the conditional marker -isi-, which corresponds to the auxiliary verb would/should"
add personai endings; 3rd person sg. has no personai ending
in other words, insert -isi- between the verb stern in the strong grade
and the personai ending
Affirmative Negative
V-26
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2. monosyllabic verbs
replace the past tense marker -i- by -isi-
c) alI other -t-a/-t- verbs follow the pattern of group 1 (' 19 and 20 in the CTV)
V-27
1. in both active and passive voice in the same tenses as in English (see VIII-A, X-B)
2. to imply contingencies or constraints much the same way as the English conditional in sentences
that express conditionality, in polite requests and wishes
V-28
How to form
Adjektiivi Adverb
V-29
When to use
V-3l
How to foem
add ending -kaan/-kn to longer words and to words which end in a consonant (compare with
negative emphatics -kaan/-kn; see V-J)
did you notice that the basic words here are 'kuka' who and 'mik' what/which]
V-32
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sg. plo sg. plo
* The inner locative cases of 'mik-n ' are used as adverbs. (see V-I)
V-33
3. the form of the negation verb follows the subject of the sentence
4. the nom. sg. and plo may be the subject ot the sentence
Note: Use 'joku, jokin' Rsomebody, something R in an affirmative answer to a question with
'kukaan, mikn'.
Hn meni johonkin/jonnekin. No, tytyy olla jossakin. sit tytyy saada jostakin.
He went somewhere. Well, it must be somewhere. You must get it from somewhere.
V-J PARTICLES -kin, -kaan/-kn -also, even-, -not either, not even-
How to form
V-35
1. generally corresponds to "also, too" and can be used interchangably with 'mys'
3. the meaning is closest to "after alI" when attached to a verb (see * 4 above)
Pekka ei menekn heit vastaan Pekka won't go to meet them at the airport,
lentokentlle. after alI.
enk, etk, eik etc., translates Rand I, you, helshe etc., not"
V-36
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UNIT VI
SCENES 5 - 8 Nouns SUbstantiiveja
accessories asuste (5) hair spray lakka (1), scarf, muffler kaula li ina (1),
account tili (6) hiuskiinne (5) huivi (6)
alteration korjaus (32) hair tonic hiusvesi (10) set (hair) kampaus (32)
bag laukku (15) hand ksi (10) setting lotion kampausneste (5)
beard parta (1) hat hattu (15) shampoo pesuaine (15)(tukan)
belt vy (17) junior (in size) teini (6)
blouse pusero (16) teenager shampoo (wash) pesu (15)
boot saapas (30) lining vuori (9) shirt paita (1)
button nappi (6) lost and found lyttavara- shoe kenk (2)
cash kteinen (25) (bureau of) toimisto (15) sideburns pulisongit (6) plo
cashier kassa (1), manicure manikyyri (6) size koko (15), numero (16)
kassaneiti (6) material, cloth kangas (30) ski boots hiihtokengt (2) plo
cap lakki (6) mirror pei li (6) ski outfU hiihtopuku (15)
charge card luottokortti (6) mitten lapanen (25), sock sukka (2)
client asiakas (30) rukkanen (25) sport urheilu (15)
clothing vaate (5) nylon nailon (6) stocking sukka (2)
coat takki (6) outfit asu (15) suit puku (15)
collar kaulus (32) overcoat pllystakki (6) sweater villapaita (1),
color vri (6) pants housut (15) pl. (cardigan) villatakki (6)
comb kampa (1) pantyhose sukkahousut (15) synthetic tekokui tu (15)
conditioner hoitoaine (5) parting (hair) jakaus (32) fiber
cotton puuvilla (1), permanent, [>erm permanentti (6) taxi stand taksiasema (2)
pumpuli (7) pocket tasku (15) taxi operator taksi keskus (32)
cut leikkaus (32) poplin coat popliinitakki (6) tie solmio (16)
dress leninki (6) quality laatu (15) toupee hiusliske (5),
fitting sovitus (32) raincoat sadetakki (6) hiuslis (2)
fur coat turkki (6) razor parranajokone (5), trousers housut (15) pl.
gift lahja (1) partakone (5) trouser waist housunkaulus (32)
glove ksine (5), receipt kuitti (6) two-piece suit kvelypuku (15)
hansikas (30) rinse huuhtelu (15) underweac alusvaatteet (5) plo
hair hius, hiukset(32,) rubber boots kumisaappaat (30) wig peruukki (6)
tukka (2), sale ale (2)**, windbreaker tuulitakki (6)
karva (1)* alennusmyynti (6) winter coat talvitakki (15)
hair brush hiusharja (1) salesperson myyj (2) wool villa (l)
hair cream hiusvoide (5)
hairdresser kampaaja (3)
* animal hair and human hair except hair of head ** ale, -n, -a, -en, -ja, -issa, -iden, -itten
VI-l
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
Pronouns Pronomineja
a certain ers (30), either one jompikumpi (14) several usea (20)
muuan (undecl.) every jokainen (25), which of kumpi (14)
a few muutama (3) joka (undecl.) the two
both molemmat (14), few harva (1) other muu (18),
kumpikin many moni (9) toinen (25)
VI-2
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Min olen rouva Seppl. M oon A. 1 am Mrs. Seppl.
Minulla on varattu aika kello Mullon varattu 1 have an appointment at
kymmeneksi. kymmeneks. 10 o'clock.
A. Haluaisin pesun ja kampauksen. M haluaisin A. 1 woud like to get a shampoo and set.
2. jakso Sequence 2
c. Neiti, haluaisin leikkauttaa .m haluaisin C. Miss, 1 would like to have my
tukkani. . hair cut.
B. Kuinka lyhyeksi leikataan? Miten lyhyeks. B. How short shall we cut it?
3. jakso Sequence 3
B. Kytetnk kampausnestett? Kytetnks B. Shall we use aome setting lotion?
4. jakso Sequence 4
B. Tss olisi ksipeili. Tssolis B. Here ia a hand mirror.
Herra on hyv ja katsoo. . Please, take alook.
VI-3
Sequence l
~ ~
leikkauksen. cut.
vrihuuhtelun. color rinse.
Haluaisin pesun. I would like to get a shampoo.
permanentin. permanent.
. manikyyrin. manicure.
Sequence 2
partani. beard
Haluaisin tasoituttaa hiukseni. I would like to have my hair trimmed.
1
pulisonkini.
{
sideburns
Sequence 3
~
hoitoainetta? condH ioner?
~
Kytetnk kampausnestett? Shall we use some setting lotion?
lakkaa? ha ir spray?
hiusvoidetta? hair cream?
hiusvett? hai.r tonic?
----------------------~-------------------------------
--------------------------------------------
Sequence 4
takaa. in back.
Se on liian pitk edest. It's too long in front.
{
si vuilta. 1 at the sides.
kampoja.
Meill on hyvi p~ruukkeja. We have some
1 hiusharjoja.
Kytttek jakausta?
VI-4
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Miss lhin taksiasema on? Misson . A. Where is the nearest taxi stand?
...
B. Meit lhinn on Kauppahallin B. Closest to us is the Kauppahalli
taksiasema. Sen puhelinnumero taxi stand. Its phone number
on 651 434. is 651 434.
6. jakso Sequence 6
C. Taksikeskus. . C. Taxi operator.
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. piv. Stockmannille, olkaa hyv,
ja pitk kiirett:
.. A. Hello. To Stockmann's, please,
and hurry:
C. No, miks nyt semmoinen kiire on? semmonen C. Well, what's the hurry?
VI-5
Taxi stands
HELSINGIN TAKSIUTOASEMAT
Auto tilataan soittamalla asianomaiselle autoasemalle. Jos autoasema ei vastaa, soi{1o siirtyy lhimmlle asemalle.
miss on autoja tai taksikeskukseen. Taksikeskus vlitt radioteitse tilauk!:cn vapaana olevalle autolle.
You can ordera taxi by calling the taxi stand of your choice. If there is no answer your call
18 tr~nsferred to the~earest stand' with available taxis or to the taxi ~enter. Th~ taxi center
will transmit the order to the availabletaxi by radio.
Kaupungin.keskusta ja etelosat:
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Anteeksi, miss teill on Anteeks, miss teillon A. Excuse me, where do you have
naisten vaatteita? . womenls clothes?
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Onko teill kvelypukuja Onks A. Do you have any ladies '
alennuksessa? alessa? two-piece suits on sale?
C. On kyll muutamia, tll Kyll meillon C. Yes, we have a few, here at the
takkiosastolla. Mit kokoa? kokoa coat department. What size?
A. En ole varma. Mik vastaisi M en 00 varma A. 1 1 m not sure. What would correspond
amerikkalaista kokoa 10? Mik vastais kokoo to the American size 10?
C. Rouvan olisi paras sovittaa Rouvan olis C. It would be best (for madam) to try
sek kokoa 36 ett 38. kolkytkuus ett kolkyt on both the size -36 and -38.
kaheksan
C. Se on kotimaista villaa,
oikein hyv laatua.
.
.
C. Itls domestic wool,
very good quality.
VI-7
f lasten
urheilu
{ children's
sport
~ :~~::
kenki
Onko teill pukuja alennuksessa? 00 you have on sale?
1 laukkuja { bags
puuvillaa. cotton.
se on villaa. It is wool.
f naiionia.
tekokuitua.
f
nylon.
synthetic fiber.
Koot ~izes
Puvut, lenin,git ja puserot Suits, dresses, and blouses
Naisten amerikkalaiset koot 8 10 12 14 16 Women's American sizes
suomalaiset 38 40 42 44 46 Finnish
Paidat Shirts
Miesten amerikkalaiset koot 15 15 16 16 17 Men's American sizes
suomalaiset 38 39 40 41 42 Finnish
C. Voimme tehd sen ensi Me voidaan tehd se C. We can make it for next
maanantaiksi. ens maanantaiks. Monday.
VI-9
LUOTTOKORTILLA
Mys elintarvikkeet ja tekstiilit.
lyhent? Lukuunottamatta keskiolutta.
pident? tupakkaa ja autoja.
Voiko tt hametta ottaa sisn?
Voidaanko kaventaa?
suurentaa?
pienent?
UUTUUKSIA
SAAPUNUT:
shortened?
lenghtened?
TALVIPOPLARIT
Can this skirt be taken in? ALK.298.-
made narrower?
made bigger?
made smaller? Lasten
talvisaappaat
viirit punainen
ja ruskea
koot 25-30
kaulus . leve.
Tm hame on liian tiukka. Miesten
{ vuori { vlj. talvikengt
housunkaulus tiukka. vrit musta
ja ruskea
collar wide.
This skirt is too tight.
{ lining { loose.
trouser waist tight.
VI-lO
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USEFUL INFORMATION
SlJORlTAMME orPIU\STYNK
SUOMEN KASVmlOITOA G5-H1EnONTAA
KOSMETOI,OGI KKSlIlOlTOA
JALKAIIOITOA
MAKE-UPIA
YM.
VI-ll
VI-12
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STOCKMANNIN OSASTOT
You are taking your friend to Stockmann's. He wouldlike to buy shaving eream, a new shirt,
swimming trunks, and aome fish. Explain to hirn in Finnish to which floors he would have to go and in
whieh departments he would find the above items. continue looking for other items this way.
VI-13
VI-14
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COMPLAINTS AND EXCHANGES
Valitus ja vaihto
Haluaisin palauttaa
l
viallisesta koneesta.
huonosta laadusta.
virheellisest laskusta.
tmn tavaran.
I want to complain about
I would like to
.
.
return t
a faulty appliance.
poor quality.
{ a mistake in the bill.
this item.
1
vaihtaa exchang ~
VI-l5
Speakers Reason for the call Cantents af the parcel Outcame af the canversatian
3. Listen to the tape and fill in the appropriate information under the following headings.
The item the customer wants What size daes he want1 Price What's on sale1
5. write down the pasitive and negative adjectives used by the speakers to describe the fabric.
Positive Negative
VI-17
1. At the hairdresser/barber
with your teacher as the hairdresser/barber, discuss a new hairstyle/hair color
explain what you want done
3. Taxi
find out where the nearest taxi stand is
order a taxi to your address
give detailed information about the Ioeation of your street
give your destination
no NOT GIVE A TIP~
4. The taxidriver can't find your destination
apologize tor having given him/her the wrong information
the meter is tieking away 'mittari ky koko ajan,' and you are getting nervous
when s/he finally finds your destination, you think the charge is too high
VI-la
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READING
Hyv palvaa. Olen Ville Kotilainen, ja minulla on aika kello kymmeneksi tukan-
leikkausta varten.
- Mutta herrahan on puoli tuntia myhss. Nyt teidn tytyy odottaa puoli tuntia.
- Niin, olen pahoillani, en hernnyt hertyskelloni soittoon ja nukuin liian myhn.
- Nyt on teidn vuoronne, herra Kotilainen. Mill tavalla te haluatte tukkanne leikattavan?
- Haluaisin, ett tukkani pestn ja sitten ohennetaan joka puolelta mutta jtetn
takaa pitemmksi. Kuivataan fnaamalla.
- Hyv on.
How to forrn
VI-20
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c) 1 infinitive ends in -a-a/~-, i.e., the stern of the verb ends in -a-/--
remove -n from the 1st person sg. present and ehange the final vowel to -e-
add -taan/-tn in the affirmative
in the negative, remove the passive personaI ending -Vn from this affirmative
present passive form
Note: Generally, the objeet of the sentenee or a loeative or adverbial phrase is plaeed at the
beginning of a passive sentenee.
the affirmative total objeet is in the nom./aee. for nouns or the aee. for personal pronouns
When to use
unlike io Eoglish, do not use the passive when the agent is expressed -by somebody,-
(see XII-B)
VI-21
3. in eolloquial speeeh, the passive ean be used with 'me' as a 1st person plo
How to form
the plural marker is tfor nominative and nom./aee. (for total objeet)
-1- for alI the other eases
-1- beeomes -j- between two vowels, i.e., ln the eonsonant position
at the beginning of a syllable
the plural marker -t is attaehed to the gen. sg. stern ln the nominative
for other cases, see the chart below
Note: Here are some hints to help your memory eoneerning consonant gradation in the pj.ural:
the strong grade in all plo forms for alI words ending in -e
osoite osoitteet osoit teiden
the strong grade in all plo forms for alI words ending in a consonant,
exeept in some gen. plo forms
tytr tyttret tyttrien
tytrten
VI-22
depend on the nom. sg. (for type numbers, refer to the eNo, App. 111)
1. two-syllable words ending in -o/-, -u/-y
no change in the stern before -i- (type 15)
nom. sg. nom. plo gen. plo part. plo iness. plo illat. plo
(gen. stern + -t)
3. all two-syllable words ending in -, and those ending in -a with -0- or -u- in the
fiest syllable
drop the final vowel (types 2, 3)
VI-23
6. monosyllabic words
drop the first vowel of a diphthong (types 17, 18, 19)
Note: The general rule of THREE vowels: if three vowels would be required to come together in an
inflection, drop the first of the three. (see also monosyllabic verbs, IV-B, VII-C)
c) drop final -1- in two-syllable words with both vowel and consonant stems (types 9,
10, 11, 12)
Dow to form
different word types can have several different gen. plo endings (see also VII-C)
Learn to use one kind of ending actively: The others are given in the CND, App. 111.
Note: Gen. plo is usually -ten, -den/-tten in the words where part. sg. ends in
-ta/-t, -tta/-tt.
VI-25
Amerikkalaiset ovat aina olleet aktiivisia. Americans have always been active.
Ovatko kaikki oppilaat diplomaattel!? Are alI the students diplomats?
Uutiset eivt en olleet tuoreita. The news were no longer current.
When to use
2. only when the plo subject is a pair, the predicate noun and adjective are in the nom. plo
3. only when the plo subject is alI inclusive, the predicate noun and adjective are in the nom.
p1.
Kaikki puut ovat jo vihret. AlI the trees are already green.
1. Vain tulemalla vanhaksi voi el kauan. Only by becoming old can one live long.
Kuinka lyhyeksi leikataan? How short shall we cut it?
Otetaan viel lyhyemmksi. Let's have it a little shorter.
Dow to form
1. generally indicates a change from one state to another with verbs like:
tulla to become something
kasvaa to grow
valita to choose, eleet
Puu kasvoi nin suureksi 20 vuodessa. The tree grew to be this big in 20 years.
Ensimmisen kerran nainen valittiin For the first time, a woman was e1eeted
presidentiksi. president.
b) by a eertain time
3. idiomatically
miksi why
siksi thatls why
aluksi to begin with
lopuksi finally
onneksi luckily, fortunately
suureksi hmmstyksekseni to my great surprise
VI-27
------------------------------------------------------ --------------------------------------~-----
moni/monet (19 eNO) many
When to use
Note: When 'paljon' refers to masa nouns, use it with the part. 89.
When to use
only as an adverb
always with the partitive in s9. and plo
refers to both people and things (countable nouns)
cannot be used with the subject of the sentence unless it is a Rthere are R expression
(see VI-G)
VI-28
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Compare: Kutsuissa oli paljon ihmisi. There were many people at the party.
Monet tulivat juhliin. Many people came to the party.
in the 5g. and plo nom., when used without a modifier, the meaning is "everything"
both as adjective and pronoun
modified nominals and the following verb must agree appropriately
Meille tulee muutamia ystvi. We are having a few friendS coming over.
Muutamassa viikossa se on valmis. It'll be ready in a few weeks.
Muutamat ovat sit mielt. A few are of that opinion
.When to U5e
VI-29
Ers mies kveli Jerusalemista Jerikkoon. A certain man walked from Jerusalem to
Jericho.
Ern pivn one day
When ta use
This is an empty space. Fill it with your own material, as you wish.
VI-3D
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VI-G HOW TO EXPRESS -there are-
How to form
VI-31
- derivatives can be attached to the 1st person present sg. stern of a verb or
to some other form of a root word
-ta-/-t- or -tta-/-tt- to make transitive verbs (does get an objeet)
to make eausative verbs (to initiate an activity)
-utta-/-ytt- to make causative verbs (to have something done) (see App. 1)
VII-l
Verbs Verbej
ali.ght, nousta (15) fill (the tank) tankata (18) start kynnist (2) tr.,
get up remain, stay jd (9) intr. (a car) saada kyntiin (9),
check, tarkastaa (2) behind panna kyntiin (13)
inspect run (car) kyd (11) intr. stop pysytt (2) tr.
do, be good kelvata (18) send lhett (2)
enough
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
following, next seuraava (3) home deli vered koti in- non-fat rasvaton (24)
I
fragile srkyv (3)
incoming
kannettu (15)
tuleva (3)
ordinary
registered
tavallinen (25)
kirjattu (15)
insured vakuutettu (15)
VII-2
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SCENE 9
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Kuljettaja~ Meneek tm Meneeks t A. Driver: Does this bus go
bussi Hakaniemen torille? . ta the Hakaniemi market place?
B. Ei mene. Tm menee aivan Ei mee. T menee ihan. B. No, it doesn't. This one goes
eri suuntaan. Tm on T on in a quite different direction.
Munkkivuoren bussi. This is the bus to Munkkivuori.
2. jakso Sequence 2 .
A. pysyttk heti: Kuinka Mites A. stop at once~ How am 1 now going
min nyt psen Hmeentielle? ma to get to Hmeentie?
.
raitsikkaan.
B. Voitte jd pois seuraavalla B. You can get off at the next stop
pyskill ja vaihtaa kympin . and change to streetcar number
raitiovaunuun. ten.
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Kuinka usein se kulkee? Mites A. How often does it run?
Kelpaako tm bussi lippu Kelpaaks t Is this bus ticket valid on the
raitiovaunussa? raitsikassa? streetcar?
VII-3
viitostie route no 5
.'
VII-4
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SCENE 10
Kauppahallissa: Lihakoju At the market
5. jakso sequence 5
A. Kilo munia. Onko tuoretta Onks C. One kilo of eggs. DO you
maalaisleip? Pantaisiin yksi
hapanlimppu. Ja pala tahko-
. have fresh country bread?
1 would take one sour rye loaf.
juustoa. And a piece of swiss cheese.
VII-5
grammaa
~
200 teemakkaraa? teet? 200 g bologna? tea?
kilon leikkeleit? juustoa? 1 kg cold cuts? cheese?
Saisinko puoli kiloa lihaa? munia? Could I have 1/2 kg af meat? eggs?
1 puolitoista kiloa
nel jnneskilon
makkaraa?
nakkeja?
sokeria?
kahvia?
1 1/2 kg
1/4 kg
sausage?
franks?
sugar?
coffee?
litran . kevytmaitoa.
l
1 liter low-fat milk.
Haluaisin puoli litraa kulutusmaitoa. I would like 1/2 liter of whale milk.
puolitoista litraa rasvatonta maitoa. to have ) 1 1/2 liters non-fat milk.
~
milk
pieni tlkki piim a small carton af buttermilk
litran
puolen litran tkefiiri
kermaa
kuohukermaa
a
a
one-liter
half-liter
buttermilk
cream
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. saisinko kaksi kiloa Saisinks m kaks. C. Could 1 have 2 kilograms
tuoreita silakoita? kiloa . of fresh Baltic herring?
A. Onko teill mateen mti? Onks . C. Do you have sorne turbot roe?
.
s.
M. Valitettavasti ei thn Unfortunately not at this
aikaan vuodesta. . time of year.
7. jakso Sequence 7
M. Uusia perunoita: Uusia S. New potatoes: New potatoes:
perunoita:
A. Minulle puoli kappaa noita Mulle C. For me, half a peck of those
valkoisia ja litra sokeri- . white ones and a liter of
herneit. . snow peas.
VII-7
~
Saisinko kilon lohta?
ahvenia? perch?
omenoita? apples?
haukea? appelsiineja? Could 1 have pike? oranges?
siikaa? banaaneja? a kilo of whitefish? bananas?
muikkuja? kirsikoita? whitefish? cherries?
~
mar joja. berries.
Haluaisin litran sieni. I'd like mushrooms.
uusia perunoita. a liter of new potatoes.
f sokeriherneit. snow peas.
~ ~
porkkanoita. carrots.
Haluaisin tilli. I'd like dill.
nipun persiljaa. a bunch of parsley.
selleri. celery.
Marjat Marjoja
the berries some berries
VII-8
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SCENE 11
Bensa-asemalla At the gas station
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Tankki tyteen~ .................... A. Fill i t up~
A. Ysikakkosta. A. 92 oetane.
Tai odottakaa: Vain kaksi- Vain kakskyt Or wait: Only twenty liters of
kymment litraa ysiysi. .. .. .
. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . 99
9. jakso Sequence 9
B. Tarkastetaanko ljy ja Tarkastetaanks B. Shall we eheek the oil and
. ilmanpaine? air pressure?
B. Vika voi olla akussa. Onko .. Onk s .. B. The problem may be in the battery.
teill apukaapelit? Do you have jumper cables?
A. On, mutta niist ei ollut ............................... A. Yes, but they didn't help. By the
apua. Muuten, paljonko se ............................... way, how much does it eost? How much
maksaa. Paljonko olen Paljonks m oon. do 1 owe you?
velkaa?
VII-9
Use sequences 8, 9, and 10 by substituting for the under1ined words with the fo11owing variations.
Akussa
Jhdyttimess
Tuulilasin pyyhkimess
lei ole vett. There's no water
in the battery.
~n the radiator.
{ 1n the windshield wiper.
VII-lO
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SCENE 12
ppostissa At the post offiee
ilmakirje an airgram
Minulla on kirje Ame rikkaan. 1 have a letter to the States.
{
pikakirje { a special
deli very letter
erikoismerkkej? special
Saisinko tavallisia kirjemerkkej? May 1 have some regular stamps?
{ Punaisen Ristin merkkej? { Red Cross
Ertkoismerkeist
Euroopan ulkopuolelle
1 on lismaksu. There's an extra charge
for special stamps.
outside of Europe.
Pikakirjeest { for special delivery.
vakuutettuna certified
Meneek se kirjattuna lhetyksen? Will it go registered mail?
{ tavallisena { regular
kaavake. form.
Tyttk tm kortti. Fill out this card.
{ lomake. { form.
postiennakkona. C.O.D.
Haluaisin lhett sen kotiinkannettuna. 1 would Itke to send it home delivery.
{ viisikymmenprosenttisena.
1 special handling.
VII-12
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USEFUL INFORMATION
study the chart. Then take the role of a client, select the right ticket for yourself, your wife, and
children.
nyt uusi
Kertalippu, aikuiset 4,20 mk 4,60 mk
lapset 1,60 mk 1,70 mk
sarjalippu, aikuiset 38,00 mk 41,00 mk
lapset 8,50 mk 9,00 mk
30 pv lippu, aikuiset 77 ,00 mk 85,00 mk
lapset 26,00 mk 28,00 mk
Vuosi lippu 770,00 mk 850,00 mk
HKL:lla on ensi vuonna 30 pivn lippu mys lapsille, invalideille ja sellaisille elkelisille, jotka
saavat tukilis ja/tai asumistukea. Lapsen ylikraja on 16 vuotta. Vanhat kerta-, sarja- ja
matkailijaliput ovat voimassa 13. 1. 1984 yliikenteen loppuun.
30 pivn liput ovat voimassa leimapivn asti.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ilman
kuljettajaa
Kavcruksct olivat Lontoossll ja
.ajoivat ensimmist kertaa kak-
'sikerroksisella bussilla.
Toinen kiipesi ylkc,!ok-
seen, mut
ta tuli sa-
man tien
takaisin.
- Miksi
tulet pois?
toincn ky-
syi.
- Siell
ci ollut
kuljcttajaa.
VII-13
1. Etelsatama
2. Erottaja
3. Korkeasaaren laituri
4. stadion
5. Katajanokka
6. Etu-Tl
VII-15
VII-16
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POSTI PAKETTI
POsTPAKET
IPAKETTI OSOITE KORTTI PAKETADREssKORT
llh.lIllln nimi 1. pOllioloil. Aillndaren. namn och po.ladren Po.llmorkkoll ml..
f6r IrJmllkon
UhlllIlI
Anlndar
lml 1. po.1l0.01l0
n.mn och p.. ,.dm. Yakuulusarvo
Anranlllrd.
Numoroln",.d .lIlrar IKlrJa)min. lI.d boksllY.r, mk
~akeluolDil Uld.Jnlnglldro..
VII-17
1. Listen to this conversation and mark the box with true or fa1se, as appropriate. T F
1. The coup1e hasn't got enough gas.
5~ The wife can't read because her husband's hat is in the way.
2. Listen to the conversation on the tape and write down how the cities figure on the tape.
3. Listen to the conversation on the tape. Try to decide who is ta1king to whom, about what,
and with what resu1ts.
4. Listen to the three conversations again, and then rete11 the whole sequence in your own way.
5. Listen to this short conversation and mark the appropriate box with true or false.
T F
1. The bus goes to the railway station.
1. At a bus stop
ask the driver/fellow passenger what buses/routes and streetcars you have to take to get
to work/to Stockmann's/to the train station, etc.
4. Exchange
you have bought the wrong product
try to negotiate an exchange
VII-19
PQSTI- JA ~ LENNXTINHALLITUS
Ryhmiinjako
VII-20
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UNIT VII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
VII-A PLURAL FORMS OF DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS 'tm, tuo, se' this, that, it
Note: Remember that 'ne' is colloquially used for humans as well as for nonhumans.
VII-B PLURAL FORMS OF INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS 'kuka, mik' who, what, which
s9 plo s9 plo
VII-2l
2. Saisinko kilon tuoreita silakoita? Could 1 have a kilo of Eresh 8altie herrings?
How to form
words longer than two syllables may get various plo forms
alI variations are not listed 1n the eNO (whieh enabled us to eut down the number of
model categories from 82 to 38l)
ehoiee of the form depends on style, reg1.onal difEerenees, or personai preEerenee
Letls look at some examples in diEEerent eategoriesl You should aetively master one
form and understand the others.
VII-22
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2. declined as , 4 Amerikka: silakka Balt ie herring
Note: Words ending in -lija/-lij (derived from frequentative verbs ending in -~) are
declined as Amerikka:
VII-23
Note: These forms inflect like group 5. (see belowl insinri engineer
kuvernri governor
pankki bank
appelsiini orange
pime dark
ruskea brown
vihre green
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7. compare * 20: words ending in -ia/-i
How to form
1. to describe the state or capacity of the subject at the time of the action; translates as
as or sometimes as -ly, but note the difference
Viime kesn olin lomalla Kreikassa. Last summer 1 was on vacation in Greece.
Lauantaina kaupat ovat auki yhteen asti. On saturday the shops are open tilI one.
3. the English expression if 1 were you jos olisin sin can be expressed by
noun/pron. + essive + a conditional sentence
Sinu~ (Pekkana, hnen) tekisin tyt. If 1 were you (Pekka, hirn) 1 would work.
Dow to form
- add -tta/-tt to the 111 info of a verb strong grade + -ma-/-m- + -tta/-tt
(see examples 2, 3, 4 above)
When to use
1. - with nominals, the abessive replaces the preposition "without" 'ilman' + partitive
in literary style and some idioms; in spoken language only idiomatically
Suomesta psee Ruotsiin passitta/ One can get to Sweden from Finland
ilman passia. without a passport.
VII-26
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2. with verbs, the abessive has the meaning without doing-
very common both in spoken and literary language
4. to express -can't help doing something W voida + olla + 111 info + -tta/-tt
VU-F KUkIN
nom. kukin
gen. kunkin
part. kutakin
iness. kussakin
elat. kustakin
illat. kuhunkin
adess. kullakin
ablat . kultakin
allat. kullekin
esso kunakin
transl. kuksikin
When to use: in the singular only, but both as a noun and as an adjective
VII-27
Lasitehdas perustettiin vuonna 1681. The glass factory was established in the year 1681.
Myytiink siell halkoja? was firewood sold there?
Ei myyty. NO, (it) was not sold.
Me saatiin paketti. We received the package.
Me ei saatu pakettia. We didn't receive the package.
Dow to form
1. in the affirmative
replace the present passive ending -daan/-dn (or assimilated -laan/-ln,
-naan/-nn, -raan/-rn) by the ending
-tiin
VII-2a
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VII-H HOW TO FORM THE PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
How to form
the ending is -ttu/-tty when the past passive tense is formedby -ttiin
the ending is -tu/-ty when the past passive tense is formed by -tiin
When to use
1. Kumpaa haluat, kahvia vai teet? Which do you want, coffee or tea?
Jompaakumpaa. Either.
VII-29
Plural 5. when talking about a pair or about two groups, alI of these pronouns
may be used in the plural: kummat, jommatkummat, kummat tahansa
kummatkin, ei kummatkaan
6. molemmat both (only in the plural)
back selk (2) dressingroom pukuhuone (5) platform, benches lauteet (5) plo
bank box pankkilokero (16) exit uloskynti (6) (in the sauna)
bank draft pankkisiirto (15) exit (from a liittym (]) road sign ti envii tta (1)
beltway kehtie (17) highway) savings account sstti l i (6),
birch (leaf) vihta (1), experience kokemus (]2) talletust i l i (6)
whisk vasta (1) crossroads tienhaara (1) shortcut oi kotie (17)
brush harja (1) freeway ulosmenotie (17) steam hyry (15)
bypass ohitustie (17) freeway vyl (2) steam lyly (15)
case tapaus (]2) (channe1) Cin the sauna)
certificate mraikais- greetings terveiset (25) plo telegram shke (5),
of deposit talletustili (6) interest korko (15) shksanoma (3)
checking kytttili (6), (monetary) telegraph teletoimisto (16),
account shekkitili (6) loan laina (1) office lenntintoimisto
countryside maaseutu (15) night letter kirjeshke (5) (16 )
dead end umpikuja (2) overdraft tilinylitys (32) traffic liikenne (5)
debt velka (1) (of an account) washroom pesuhuone (5)
difference ero (15) per cent prosentti (6) western freeway Lnsivyl (2)
Verbs Verbej
be able to pysty (8) feel drowsy raukaista (15) study, tutkia (7)
beware, varoa (8) get used to tottua (8) research
look out heat, warm lnunit* intr. transfer siirt (3) tr.
be warm tareta (20) lift nostaa (2) throw water lyd (10) lyly
bill laskuttaa (2) overtake ohittaa (2) on the sauna
cross ylitt (2) roast paistua (8) intr. stove
deliver toimi ttaa (2) roast paistaa (1) tr. withdraw nostaa (2)
perille save sst (2) (money)
deposit tallettaa (2) stop pyshty (8) intr. wash pest (15)
experiment kokeilla (13)
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
Motoring words
Types of vehicles
camper retkeilyvaunu pickup truck avolavapakettiauto
minibus ptkkubussi, station wagon farmariauto
pienoisbussi trailer truck rekka(-auto)
panel truck pakettiauto truck kuorma-auto
passenger car henkilauto
AJOKAISTA
lane
VIII-2
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Haluaisin avata shekkitilin. M haluaisin A. 1 would like to open a
checking account.
A. Olen ulkomaalainen ja aion aSUq M oon ja m. A. 1 ' m a foreigner and 1 ' m golng
tll vain kaksi vuotta. " " " " " " kak s" " " .' to live here only for two years.
2. jakso Sequence 2
B. Miss valuutassa haluatte avata B. In what currency do you want
tilin? to open the account?
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Kuinka usein tililt voi nostaa A. How often can one draw money
rahaa? " """"""" """" """
from the account?
VIII-3
neljnnesvuosittain. quarterly.
Korkoa maksetaan puolivuosittain. Interest is paid half-yearly.
1kuukausittain. 1monthly.
Ask for and provide the necessary information, using the expressions below.
maksaa pay
Mink summan haluatte tallettaa tilille? Which amount do deposit in the account?
1
panna you want ta 1 put
ottaa take
Paljonko haluatte nostaa t i.l ilt? How much do you withdraw from the account?
1
siirt want ta 1transfer
VIII-4
4. jakso Sequence 4
A. Voinko lhett shkeen Voinks m A. Can 1 send a telegram by phone?
puhelimitse? .
B. Voit kyll. Soita numeroon Joo voit B. Yes, you can. Oial number 021.
021.
5. jakso Sequence 5
C. Teletoimisto. Shksanomain
vastaanotto.
. C. The telegraph office. Telegraph
reception.
A. No, min lhetn sen kirje- No, m lhetn A. well, 1 1 11 send it as a night letter.
shkeen.
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. Miten se maksetaan? Mitesse A. How does one pay for it?
VIII-5
Make up a telegram to somebody in the United States. Spell the name/address/message, using the
Finnish telephone spelling below.
Aakkosnimist
Suomenkielinen tavausjrjestelm
G Gideon Q ;:
Kuu
A ;: ruotsalainen 0
H ;: Heikki R ;: Risto iti
I ;: I i var i S ;: Sakari = ljy
J = Jussi T Tyyne
* In Finland you will usually be asked whether you want your domestic telegram to go as
'tavallisena' "regular" or 'korushkeen' (on decorated paper at a surcharge). The decorative
telegrams are often used in place of greeting cards.
VIII-6
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SCENE 15
Matkalla maaseudulle On a trip to the countryside
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Olemmeko jo Ylittneet kehtien? Ollaanks me jo ylitetty A. Have we already crossed
Onko tm Lnsivyl? kehtie? Onks t the beltway? Is this the
western freeway?
B. En min tied. Jos ajaisit En m tii. Jos s ajasit B. I don't know. If you would
hitaammin, niin pystyisin niimm pystysin drive slower, I would be able
lukemaan karttaa. lukeen ....... to read the map.
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Jos kyttisit lukulasejasi, Jos s kyttsit lukula-. A. If you would use your reading
niin nkisit paremmin. sejas, ni in s glasses, you would see better
A. Minun olisi pitnyt tutkia Mun olis pitny A. 1 should have studied
karttaa kotona. . the map at home.
B. Varo: Tuo auto aikoo ohittaa. ..... Toi auto . B. Watch out: That car is going
Ja tuossa on risteys. tosson to pass. And there is
an intersection over there.
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Katsoisitko kartasta mik tuo Katsositkos toi A. Would you look on the map what
liittym on? Olisikohan se Oliskohan exit that is? Could it be
oikot ie? . a shortcut, by any chance?
B. Jos olisit ajanut sivuun ja Jos s ajanu B. If you had driven to the side
pysyttnyt, niin olisin pysyttny, niimm and stopped, I would have seen
nhnyt tienviitan. nhny the road signe
Katso~ Nyt olet ajanut umpi- Kato~ Nyt s oot ajanu Look~ Now you have driven to a dead
kujaan: Miten me nyt psemme ... pstn . end: How do we get to the Pori
Porint ielle? . road now?
VIII-7
I keh ykksen?
nelostien?
ohitustien?
Have we crossed beltway one?
route four?
\ the bypass?
~
Itvyl?
~
eastern freeway?
Turunvyl? Turku freeway?
Onko tm Tuusulantie? 1s this the Tuusula highway?
Vihdintie? Viht i. highway?
Hmeenlinnanvyl? Hmeenli.nna freeway?
l
liittym exit?
Mik tuo tienhaara on? What is that fork in the road?
ulosmenotie 1freeway out of town?
VIII-8
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SCENE 16
B. Kiitos~ Sehn olisi uusi kokemus ...... 01is uus . B. Thanks, that would be a new
minulle. mulle. experience for me.
B. l toki: Jo riitt:
Huh, onpa tll kuuma.
.
.
B. Oh, don't: That's enough:
Whew, it surely is hot here.
l
lYlyyn. heat.
, En ole viel tottunut saunaan. I'm not yet accustomed to the sauna.
vihtaan.
vastaan.
1
whisk.
kirkosta. church.
Terveisi saunasta. Greetings from the sauna.
rapakon takaa. beyond the mud hole (America).
1 Liisalta. 1 Liisa.
Saunahullut
VIII-IO
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14. jakso Sequence 14
A. Saanko pest selksi? Saanks m pest sun A. May 1 wash your back?
selks?
C. No, oliko hyvt lylyt? No, oliks hyvt C. Well, was it hot enough?
c. Nyt juodaan saunakahvit. C. Now we'll have coffee (after the sauna).
VIII-ll
IMI
6 l poistu alueelta ilman viran-
omaisten lupaal I Palohlytys annetaan yhtmittaisella tasaisella sireenin
Voit joutua vaaraan matkalla. Ylei- nell . Se toimii hlytyksen nimen-
sen hlytysmerkin jlkeen viran- omaan palokunnille.
omaiset ryhtyvt heti selvitystoi- 1
miin. Jos alue joudutaan tyhjent-
mn, siit ilmoitetaan radiossa ja
kaiutinautosta.
. . . . . . .;1
VI II-13
~
~ .~ II h l~ ~ .\ " l~ '1 \
1
SHKSANOMA
SAHKSANOMA
.7.
VI II-14
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You want to drive from point A to point 8. Explain the meaning of the traffic signs
you pass on the way.
VIII-15
4 NE LOSTIE
Rout e Number 4
.-AUTOLAUTTA
-_ OH ITU STI E
Bypass
HELSINKI
How would you get out of
Helsinki if you wanted to go to:
a) Turku?
b) Pori?
c) Tampere?
d) Lahti?
VlII-l7
- the name and address of the person who sends the te1egram
the message
4. While listening to this dialog in colloguial style, check the box to show
which comparative applies to which car.
a = Mosse b = Volkkari
T F
1. parempi
2. nopeampi
3. tyylikkmpi
4. taloUdellisempi
5. lujempi
KEY 2. lF 2T 3T 4T 5F
3. lT 2T 3F 4F 5T 6F
4. lb 2b 3b 4a 5a
VIII-l9
3. Send a te1egram by phone and spell your name and address, and also those of the
recipient, using the Finnish telephone spelling.
5. Sauna
- decline/accept an invitation to come to the sauna
- without offending your host, explain your reason for not coming
- decline/accept politely your host l s offer ta wash your back in the sauna
Useful information about cornmonly used abbreviations for the major Finnish banks.
VIII-2I
VIII-22
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UNIT VIII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
Olisin hernnyt, jos kello olisi soinut. 1 would've woken up if the clock had gone off.
Jos olisit ajanut sivuun ja pysyttnyt, If you had driven tothe shoulder and
olisin nhnyt tienviitan. stopped 1 would have seen the road sign.
Minun olisi pitnyt tutkia karttaa kotona. 1 should have studied the map at home.
How to form
olisi + past act. participle of the main verb (see IV-E
ei + olisi + past. act. participle of the main verb
Affirmative
(min) olisin ajanut 1 driven
(sin) olisit
hn olisi
Te olisitte ! pysyttnyt
nhnyt
nh~
you
he/she
you (polite) ! would have stopped
seen
seen
l
(me) olisimme ajaneet we driven
(te) olisitte
he olisivat
pysyttneet
nhneet
you
they
1would have stopped
seen
Negati ve
~ou
(min) en
(sin) et olisi ajanut \ wouldo' t have driven
hn
Te
ei
ette
1 olisi ajanut
he/she
you (polite)
(me) emme we
(te) ette olisi ajaneet you wouldn't have driven
he eivt 1 they \
When to use
to express -would have done x-
unlike in English, use the conditional also with 'jos' -if--clause (see V-F)
VIII-23
pres. Minun tytyy soittaa. = Mun tarttee soittaa (collog.). 1 must call.
pit
neg. Minun ei tarvitse soittaa. = Mun ei tartte soittaa (collog.). 1 don't have to call.
past cond. Teidn olisi tytynyt soittaa. You should have called.
pitnyt
neg. Teidn ei olisi tarvinnut soittaa. You should not have had to call.
pitnyt
-to have- Heill pitisi olla auto. They should have a car.
pres. cond. tytyisi
neg. Heill ei- tarvitsisi olla autoa. They wouldn't have to have a car.
-to have- Minulla olisi pitnyt olla auto. 1 should have had a car.
past cond. tytynyt
neg. Minulla ei olisi tarvinnut olla autoa. 1 should not have had a car.
VIII-24
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VIII-C COMPARATIVE OF ADJECTIVES
Dow to form
nom. sg. gen. ag. comp. nom. comp. ineas. comp. illat.
the final -a/- of the two-syllable words changes to -e- before the comparative
forms (see t 14 in the CND)
Erikoistapaus: Erikoistapaus:
hyv good
pitk long
lmmin warm
VIII-26
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When to use: you can express a comparison in two alternate ways with no difference in meaning
Lexicalization note: unlike in English, do not use a comparative form without a clear comparison
between people or things
use instead a -hko/-hk derivative or genitive + -puoleinen
With adjectives
With adverbs
Pekka ajaa yht kovasti kuin hnen isns. Pekka drives -as fast -as his father.
He ajavat yht kovasti. They drive equally fast.
VIII-27
How to form: replace the comparat. gen. ending -an by -in (see instruct. pl., XII-F)
SCENES 17 - 19
Nouns
- - Substantiiveja
IX-l
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
Railroad terma
IX-2
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SCENE 17
Huoneiston vuokraaminen Renting an apartment
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Me haluaisimme vuokrata Me haluttais A. We would like to rent an
huoneiston. Miten olisi huoneisto.Miten olis apartment. What would be
parasta menetell? pa r as the best way to do it?
2. jakso Sequence 2
B. Kuinka suuren huoneiston
haluaisitte ja mist?
.
te haluaisitte
B. How big an apartment would
you like and where?
..
---
makuuhuonetta ja mieluum- and preferably in the center
min keskustasta. of town.
3. jakso Sequence 3
B. No, onko trpnnyt? No, onks trpnny B. Well, have you had any luck?
Saitko vastauksia ilmoi- saits . Did you get any answers to
tukseesi? ilmotuksees? your ad?
A. Sain kaksi. Menen katso- M sain kaks M meen A. 1 got two. 1'11 go to look at
maan vanhaa huoneistoa kattoon huoneistoo an old apartment in Kruunuhaka
Kruunuhaassa tn~n. . today.
4. jakao Sequence 4
A. Hyv palvaa, min olen .. Mi oon A. Good evening, 1 1 m Mika Honka
Mika Honka. Tulin sopi- M tulin As agreed, 1 came to look at
muksen mukaan katsomaan ~ kattoon the apartment.
huoneistoa. huoneistoo.
lX-3
~
edustushuoneiston. a luxury apartment.
~
omakotitalon. a house.
Me haluaisimme vuokrata rivitalon. We would like to a townhouse.
paikoitustilaa. rent a parking space.
varastot ilaa. storage space.
l
lnsi suunnalta. in the western part of the city.
l
Haluaisin huoneiston lhist. I would like to in a suburb.
kantakaupungista. have an apartment in the city.
Tapi~la-Kauniainen in the Tapiola-Kauniainen area.
alueelta.
IX-4
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5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Minklaisessa kunnossa Millasessa A. In what condition is
vesi johdot ovat? on? the plumbtng?
..
B. Se on ljyll toimiva B. It's central heating run
keskuslmmitys. Talon- by oil. The janitor takes
mies pit siit huolen. . care of it.
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. Minklainen hella teill Millanen A. What kind of a stove do
on, shk- vai kaasuhella? teillon you have, electric or gas?
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Miten me saamme shkn ja Mites me saadaan shk,. A. How do we get the electricity,
kaasun ja puhelimen? kaasu ja puhelin gas, and telephone?
Energialaitoksen puhelin
on 6171. Siell voitte tehd te voitte
. The energy company ia 6171. There
you can make a new consumer service
uuden kulutussopimuksen. contract.
IX-5
yksikerroksinen rambler.
Tm on
l
kaksikerroksinen
kolmikerroksinen
talo. This is a two-floor house.
1
three-floor house.
Tell how you would furnish the rooms below. The following sentences may be of help.
Sohva sopii tuohon ikkunan alle. The sofa fits over there under the window.
Me kalustamrn~ huoneiston. We furnish the apartment.
Lukulamppu tulee nojatuolien vliin. The reading larnp will go between the armchairs.
Kahvipyt ky sohvan eteen. The coffee table fits in front of the sofa.
wall hang i ng
I
keinutuoli rocking chair 1
~~~~~~~
hyllykk wall uni t
kaapisto wall unit
runkopatja box spring
peili mirror (-
IX-6
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Hei Liisat Minulla on Moi Liisat Mullon A. Hi Liisat 1 have two tickets
kaksi lippua iltanyt6kseen kaks for the evening performance
Kansallisteatterin pienelle . on the small stage at the
nyttm61le. Olisitko halukas Olisit s National Theater. Would you
tul~maan kanssani] tuleen mun kanssa? like to come with me?
A. Hyv ajatus: Sopiiko jos tulen Sopiiks jos m tuun A. Good idea: ls it alI right if
hakemaan sinut kello "6? Teatteri- hakeen sut 1 come and pick you up at 6? The
liput tytyy lunastaa seitsemn
menness.
.. theater tickets must be
picked up by seven o'clock.
IX-7
~ ~
matineaan. a matinee.
Minulla on liput . seitsemn nytkseen. I have tickets for the seVen 0'c10ck performance.
yhdeksn nytkseen. the nine 0'c10ck performance.
elokuviin. the movies.
1effaan. the movies.
~
ensi parve1ta.
~
the first tier.
Sain liput permanno1ta. I got tickets for the orchestra.
aitiosta. box seats.
piippuhyllylt. the second tier.
ykerhoon. a nightclub.
Menemme tanssimaan ravintolaan. We'll go dance at a restaurant.
{ osakuntaan. { the (regiona1) student union.
ADAMS puh. 605 906 BIO BIO puh. 638 240 MAXIM 1 puh. 177 337 Ritz puh. 449 383
Erottaja 15-17 Mannerheimintie 5 K1uuvikatu 1 E. Hesperiankat 22
Joka p. 19 ja 21 Joka p. 16.30118.45 & 21 Joka p. 17 ja 21 Joka p. 17, 19 ja 21
Poliisiopisto -K12- Hirvin morsian -K16- Matka Intiaan -K12- Uuno Turhapuro
Espanjassa -8-
ADLON puh. 442 733 BRISTOL 1 puh. 661 535 MAXIM 2 puh. 177 337 SAVOY puh. 628 020
Runeberginkatu 44 Mikonkatu 8 K1uuvikatu 1 Kasarminkatu 48
Joka p. 18.45 ja 21 Joka p. 16, 18.30 ja 21 . Joka p. 16.30, 19.30 Joka p. 19 ja 21
smaragdimets -K14- 007 ja kuoleman Amadeus -8- Konnajengi -K16-
katse -K16-
ARENA 1 puh. 753 1113 CINEMA puh. 494 827 MRRANO puh. 656 677 STUDIO 2 puh .. 643 422
Hmeentie 2 Museokatu 44 Viiskulma Mannerheimintie 6
Joka p. 18.30 ja 20.45 Joka p. 19 Joka p. 19 Joka p. 16.30
Kalpea ratsastaja-K16- Kirjava satama -K8- Mieletn, mieletn Tintti haijrve11 -8-
maailma -K8-
IX-8
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SCENE 19
IX-9
ensinunisess luokassa.
1 would like to book
l a sleeper.
airplane tickets.
first class.
Matkustaisin toisessa luokassa. 1 would travel in second class.
1 turist iluokassa. 1 tourist class.
~
kuukausi lipun. ticket.
~
monthlY
perhealennuslipun. family t icket.
Haluaisin koululaislipun. 1 would like to have a student (school) ticket.
opiskelijalipun. student (university) ticket.
ma tka ilulipun. touring t icket.
TUPAKOIMATTOMILLE KABVILAVAUNU
IX-IO
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Take the role of a prospective tenant and act out an apartment rental situation, using the
pIan given below.
UIc.I,A.U I H.I, ml
1 r: ....
.A.... - ......... ~ -:- ..... . - ...
..
~:' ~'
"1\ '
IX-ll
study ,the ads and discuss which one would suit you best. Consider such things as
office location, transportation, etc.
IX-12
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Act out sequences 8 and 9, using
the variations on this page.
( Huveja )
r' ""
di 18n!811i!tBlttBri
Suuri n. 628582 639332
S1beHusAkalemlassa
ma 22. 9. klo 19.30
RISTO LAURIALA piano
Tnn tanssimaan Dipoliin
tlV~Et'LLE!
Bach-Beelhoven-Brahme
Ma 19.30
CHARLEYN TATI
TI19.30 ma 20. 10. klo 19.30
LEHTOLAPSI INKERI RANTASAlO laulu
PIen! n. 666738
PERTTI EEROLA piano Ilnterin
T119.30
Simon aray: IU 26. 10. klo 19.30 Juhlasalissa
PEUERA EIRA OJANEN lello lauantaina
MARGIT RAHKONEN piano klo 19.00--01
W1I!ensauna 666738 . lIIaplakorUI12 mk.
TlnUn 19.30:
HAAVIKKD-ILTA
.:rna 27. 10. klo 19.30
HELSINGIN KAMARIYHTYE
Ikraja 20 vuotta. A-olkeudel. Soittaa Rainer Tapolan orkesteri
Suomen LauluJaln Todellista tanssin iloa suurissa saleissa. Sisn Juhlaovesta. Bus.
UIUo sit.102 ja 102 laiturista 61. Liput 16 mk ,johon sisltyy iltapala ja
lippuja Haavlkko-Illaan lunlla Ia 8.11. klo 19.30 tJliki naulaan. A-oikeudet. Klo 1901. - Puh. 461811.
HEIMO HAITTO vlulu seuraavat suurl.llnssit 26.12.
".nnen ovella. . JAAKKO UNTAMALA piano
~IPI avoinna 14-19.30...,J
ma 10.11. klo 19.30 V DII)OIJ
.-
HANNU-HEIKKI
HAKULINEN laulu
(
PENTil KOSKIMIES piano
Nyttelyj ) KOHTA l ',PAIKKA
FREDA S1- 53
TEATTERI VANHALLA
Puh. 660211 L1ppup.043
Kassa avoinna klo 13-16
Ia 16. 11. klo 19.30
HELSINGIN KAMARIYHTYE
~
tAnlUln klo 14. 1125.11. klo 20
Seur. es. 16. 17. 18, MARTTI TALVELA basso Ja Clzanne. SUKAHVIO
10 (tllynnl), 20, 21. 9. RALF GOntONI piano Avoinna arkleJn 8-17,
Liput tuntia ennen ovelta. keskivUkkolsln 8-20 Ja
sunnuntaiiin 11-17.
IX-13
I
lHTEVT JUNAT II SAAPUVAT JUNAT II LAITURILLE I KULJETUS
~
0
Odotullhuon.
at
Matkatav. alllytyll
rif
Llhtevl
matkalllvara Saapuva
matkatavara
J."J.
Satama
.
1
() -.,.J
[ ) ~w
Fil
0
[J
U ~
,........... (jjJ
.........
PalkkaUpul
mln'ntII
Mekuu- ~a lepo-
-e
SlllytY.-lokero
V
L8yl6tavara
FV
L1nlaautonema
pal It
Shk junissa:
IX-14
IX-15
1. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box to rnark your answer.
T F
a) The customer would like to have two tickets for a sleeper.
b) He gets them.
e) He smokes.
2. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box ta rnark your answer.
T F
a) The customer and her husband have just received a big
sum af money and bought an apartrnent.
IX-16
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3. Listen to the tape and check the appropriate box to rnark your answer.
T F
a) The caller is a foreigner who would like to rent a roorn.
c) Nobody wants to live there because of the long distance from downtown.
4. Listen to the tape and take notes under the following headings:
IX-17
7. Listen to the Helsinki telephone service for theater programs. Find out
at what theater and at what time the following plays are shown.
KEY L aT bF eT dT eF fF
2. aF bT cF dF eT fF
3. aT bF eT dF eT fF
IX-l8
FUNCTION PRACTICES
1. Rent an apartment
write an ad for a newspaper describing the kind of aecornrnodation you want to rent
tell a real estate agent what kind of accornrnodation you want, and where
inspect the apartrnent you intend to rent and find out alI the facts about the
utilities, public transportation, snow rernoval, etc.
MATlCATOIMlSTOJA Mat
KIINTEISTNVUTIJI K -.-.
VUOKRATTAVAT LOMAMKIT
VESI- JA i:AMPJOKTOUIKKElT Ves NISSIL. SOINI OY VIIKOIKSI JA VIIKONLOPUIKSI
Pohjoisesplanadi 21 A 5 Puh. 13113
Asunlo-ONldlelclett J- llllnteletllen .111tp.
S.HKASENNUSLJIKKEITA Sh
LallI- ,_ ltOteriattlMloldeA Ilol10.
LOMARENGAS
441346
Museokatu 5 B 12 puh.
SlSUSTUSARKKlTE/i1CJA JA
SISUSTUSARKKlTEHTUURITOIMISTOJA
S-.5 Vllltyk.....mm. my6. lomakylll
la tlyalholtoa ma_talolssa.
IX-19
IX-2l
Valtakirja
/?~ ()Lf~'1-
Signe Ahlqvist
Liikkeenharjoittaja, Helsinki
Todistavat:
?.d& !jj;,~
~~~
Are you ready to read the rental contract in Finnish? (see the Workbook)
IX-22
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UNIT IX
STRUCTURAL NOTES
Lmmityst ei ole viel korjattu. Heating has not yet been repaired.
How to forrn
Taloa ei ollut korjattu vuosiin. The house had not been repaired for years.
How ta forrn
Affirrnative Negative
pres. pass. perf. on tehty has been done ei ole tehty has not been done
on oltu one has been ei ole oltu one has not been
past pass. perf. oli tehty had been done ei ollut tehty had not been done
oli oltu one had been ei ollut oltu one had not been
Note: The auxiliary verb should be in the active forrn 'ei ollut;'in colloquial speech you
can hear the form 'ei oltu.'
Taloa ei oltu korjattu vuosiin. The house had not been repaired for years.
Me ei oltu oltu Espanjassa ennen. We had not been in Spain before.
IX-23
Kallein ei ole aina paras. The most expensive is not always the best.
Dow to forrn
for the singular: the superlative marker is -in in the nom. sg., parta sg.
-impa-/-imp-, -imma-/-imm- in inElected Eorms
for the plural: the superlative marker is -imma-/-imm- in the nom. plo
-impi-, -immi- in inflected forms (# 26 in eND)
a) in words ending in -o/- and -u/-y attach the marker to the gen. sg. stern
Superlative
nom. 8g. gen. 8g. nom. 8g. parta sg. nom. plo parta plo
IK-24
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Superlative
nom. 5g. part. sg. nom. pl. parta pl.
Note: -i- in the plural and superlative forms causes more or less the aarne changes in the stem.
When to use
Hnell oli mit parhaimmat suositukset. He had the be5t (p055ible) recommendations.
IX-25
Dow to forrn
replaee the superlative gen. sg. ending -an with -1n (see example 1 above)
when to use
IX-E PREPOSI'l'IONS
When to use
there are, however, a few prepositions which are used with the partitive case
IX-27
"hen to use
with personai pronouns, the gen. ean sometimes be replaeed by a poss. suffix attaehed to
the postposition
1. genitive + a postposition
jlkeen . after Liisan jlkeen on Pekan vuoro. After Liisa, it's Pekka's turn
kanssa with He ovat kotona idin kanssa. They are at home with (their)
mother.
mukaan aeeording to Radion mukaan sataa. Aecording to the radio, it'll raino
kautta through/via Posti kulkee Lapin kautta. Themail goes via/through Lapland.
suhteen with respect Tmn asian suhteen emme voi With respeet to this matter, we
to tehd mitn. ean't do anything.
vuoksi/-kse- for (the sake Teen sen huvin vuoksi/ 1 do it for fun.
takia of X) takia.
yli* aeross Menimme kadun yli/yli kadun. We went aeross the street.
pst** after Koulu loppuu viikon pst. School will end after a week.
IX-28
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2. partitive + a postposition
vastapt opposite Posti on koulua vastapt. The post office is opposite the school.
the locative case endings, which reflect the motion expressed by the verb, are
used with postpositions indicating location (see II-G)
the case ending of the postposition is reflected in your question as well
IX-29
gen. + postposition
aikana during En ole tavattavissa loman aikana. I'm not available during vacation.
kuluttua after Kuinka pitkn ajan kuluttua? After how long a time (has passed)?
nom. + postposition
sitten ago Kvin siell vuosi sitten. 1 visited there a year ago.
elat. + postposition
asti Olen ollut tll elokuusta asti/ 1 have been here since August.
saakka since saakka/lhtien/alkaen.
lhtien
alkaen
illat. + postposition
asti until/till Olen siell jouluun asti/saakka. 1'11 stay there until/till Christmas.
saakka
menness by certain time Sade lakkaa iltaan menness. It will stop raining by evening.
IX-3D
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Note: In standard Finnish, the poss. suffixes should be used with alI of these
gen. + postpositions when used with personaI pronouns, while the colloquial leaves them outo
How to form
attach -ton/-tn to the gen. stern of a noun (see example 1 above) and inflect it in
the following way (t 24 in the CND)
attach -ton/-tn to the II! info of a verb (see example 2 above) (see IV-J)
IX-31
1. These adjectives are translated into English with -less, non-, un-, or in- as a
prefix.
Active
Kangas on palamatonta. The fabric is noninflammable.
(Kangas ei pala).
Passive
Se on uskomaton asia. It is an unbelievable thing.
(Asiaa ei uskota).
ambulance sairasauto (15) first-born esikoinen (25) physieal fitness kuntourheilu (15)
aneestor esi-is (2) fosterchild kasvatuslapsi (12) (sports)
anesthetie nukutus (32) godparent kummi (6) plaster kipsi (6)
ankle nilkka (1) grass widow kesleski (8) reeipe lkemrys (32),
bachelor vanhapoika (2), gymnasties voimistelu (15) resepti (6)
poikamies (35) gymnasties with jytjumppa (2) root juuri (9)
belly maha (1) music root-eanal juurihoito (15)
bride, morsian (23) head p (18) treatment
fianeee headache pnsrky (15) round, loop lenkki (6)
bridegroom, sulhanen (25) heart sydn (23) siblings sisarukset (32) plo
fianee heart disease sydnsairaus (33) 'skating luistelu (15)
buddy kaveri (7) hitchhiking peukalokyyti (6), skating rink luistinrata (1)
liftaus (32)
cavity reik (2) hospital sairaala (4) skiing hiihto (15)
crowd tungos (32) illness sairaus (33) ski trail latu (15)
erown kruunu (15) jogging hlkk (2) spinster vanhapiika (1)
eycling pyrily (15) jogging path pururata (1) splint lasta (1)
darling kulta (2) loeal paikallis- stretcher paarit (6)pl
dentist hammaslkri (7) anesthetic puudutus (32) swimming uinti (6)
departure lht (15) maritaI status siviilisty (15) symptom oire (5)
diet dieetti (6), marriage aviolii tto (15) tennis tennis (32)
ruokavalio (21) medieine lke (5) tennis court tenniskentt (2)
disease tauti (6) namesake kaima (1) tooth hammas (30)
doctor's vastaanotto (15) nation kansa (1) toothache hammassrky (15)
office nausea pahoinvointi (6) tribe heimo (15)
duty pivystys (32) neek kaula (1) veterinarian elinlkri (7)
(for a day) (nape of) neck niska (1) wedding ht (18) plo
ear korva (2) open marriage avolii tto (15) widow, widower leski (8)
engagement kihlaus (32) operation leikkaus (32) wisdom tooth viisauden-
epidemie kulkutauti (6) patient potilas (30) hammas (30)
extended suku (15) pension elke (5) youth nuoriso (16)
family pharmacy apteekki (6) X-ray rntgen (7)*
fever kuume (5)
filling paikka (1)
be (get) erota (17) intr. do gymnastics voimistella (14) retire jd (9) intr.
divorced fall kaatua (8) intr. elkkeelle
become tulehtua (8) fill (a cavity) paikata (18) rinse huuhtoa (8)
infected fracture murtua (8) intr. run juosta (16)
can be spared joutaa (2) have as a hobby harrastaa (2) set asettaa (2).
cycle pyrill (13) heal parantaa (3) tr. skate luistella (14)
deduce, draw ptell (14) heal parantua (8) intr. ski hiiht(2)
conclusions hurt koskea (4) intr., slim (down) laihduttaa(2) tr.
die kuolla (13) srke (4) intr. spU sylke (4)
diet noudattaa (2) jog hlkt (18) sprain nyrjht (2) intr.
ruokavaliota, light vala i sta (15) strain venht (2) intr.
olla (13) marry vihki (7) tr. swell turvota (19)
dieetill must (go) joutua (8) intr. travel matkustaa (2)
dislocate menn (13) play (a game) pelata (18) trouble vaivata (18)
si joiltaan wash (dishes) tiskata (18)
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
X-2
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SCENE 20
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Kultaseni, arvaapas, Arvaas, Virtanen A. Darling, guess whose turn it
kenen vuoro on tiskata . is to wash the dishes?
astiat? .
B. En milln. Min olen .. H oon 8. No way, baby. 1 am going jogging.
lhdss hlkkmn. . hlkkn.
A. Joko taas~ Juokse paikal- Juokse paikallas: A. Not again~ Run in place:
lasi: .
B. Kaverini odottaa minua Mun kaveri mua 8. My buddy is waiting for me on
pururadalla. Me aiomme Me aiotaan the jogging track. We are going
tehd 10 kilometrin lenkin. lenkki. to do a 10-kilometer course (loop).
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. Min pelaisin mieluummin M A. 1 would prefer playing tennis, but
tennist, mutta sit voi
pelata vain sisll ja
.. you can only play it inside and
there's a long line (lit., big crowd)
halleihin on kova tungos. . at the (indoor) courts.
B. Miksi et ala harrastaa Mikset s ala 8. Why donlt you take up cycling?
pyrily? .
A. Odotan talvea, jotta voin M ootan talvee, jotta A. 1 1 m waiting for winter so that
hiiht ja luistella. m voin 1 can ski and skate.
X-3
~ l
pyrilemn. biking
Olen lhdss p~laamaan tennist. 1 1
m about to go' pl~y ~ennis.
Ulmaan. sWlmmlng.
luistelemaan. skating.
~
urheilupuistossa. the sports park.
Kaverini odottaa
minua
tenniskentll.
uimahallissa.
My buddy is
waiting for me
~ at
at
at
the
the
tennis court.
swimming hall.
luistinradalla. at the skating rink.
Stadionin kuntosalissa. at the gym in the stadium.
hlkk/hlkkmist. jog.
voimistelua/voimistelemista. exereise (do gymnastics).
Harrastan hiihtoa/hiihtmist. 1 ski.
uintia/uimista. swim.
luistelua/luistelemista. skate.
jytjumppaa. do exereise to musie.
~
path
~
pururata. for jogging
Pirkkolassa on avattu kuntolatu. A new ski track has been opened
uusi pyrily tie. bicycle path in Pirkkola.
valaistu latu. lighted ski trail
X-4
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SCENE 21
Terveydenhoito Hedicine
Hiihto-onnettomuus Sk iing accident
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Apua~ Nyt taisi kyd pahasti. Perskeles, nyt tais kyd A. Help: Something dreadful
Jalkaani koskee. En pse huonosti. Mun jalkaan happened . My leg hurts.
yls. sattuu. M en pse 1 can't get upo
B. Odota, niin teemme paarit. Oota, niin me tehdn B. wait, we'll make a stretcher.
Onko tll lkri? Onks . Is there a doctor here?
4. jakso Sequence 4
C. Miks jalalle on tullut? . C. What has happened ta your leg?
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Joudunko min nyt sairaalaan? Joudunks m nyt A. Do 1 have to go to the
lasarettiin? hospital now?
6. jakso Sequence 6
C. Rntgenkuvasta ptellen
teilt on sriluu katkennut.
.. C. Judging by the X-ray, your
shinbone is broken.
X-5
Vatsaan
Kteen
~ koskee. My
6tomaCh
hand/arm hurts. Nilkkani on
venhtnyt.
nyrjhtnyt. My ankle is
strained.
sprained.
Phn
Selkn
1
head
back
mennyt sijoiltaan.
tulehtunut.
turvonnut.
dislocated.
infected.
swollen.
Doctor's office Could you send What's wrong with Doctor Hmlinen's 1 would like to
on duty. a doctor? My son you? What symptoms office make an appointment
is UI. do you have? with Doctor Hmlinen.
My stomach hurts.
X-6
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Hammaslkriss At the dentist
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Olen herra Virtanen. Maan A. I'm Mr. Virtanen.
Minulla on aika kello 3. Mullan 1 have an appointment at 3 o'clock.
B. jakso Sequence B
B. Teidn vuoronne. Teidn vuoro B. You r turn.
A. Minulta lhti paikka tlt Multa A. l've lost a filling from down here
alhaalta oikealta. on the right.
c~ Tuota hammasta ei en voi Tota C. We can't fill that tooth any more.
paikata. Te tarvitsette
juurihoidon.
.. You need a root canal.
9. jakso Sequence 9
C. Tuo viisaudenhammas joutaa Ta i . C. That wisdom tooth dan he taken
pois. Vedettisiink se pois
tnn?
..
outo Should we pull it out today?
A. Voi ei, minun tytyy ajaa Mun tytyy A. Oh, no, 1 must drive home
kotiin. En voi ottaa puudu- M en voi 1 can't take anesthetic.
tusta.
C. Me olisimme kyttneet vain Me olis kytetty . C. We would have used only loeal
paikallispuudutusta. . anesthetie.
X-7
~
~ ylhlt. crown tooth
~
nastahammas at the top.
Minulta lhj:i paikka tlt vase~alta. 1 lost a filling from here on the left.
kruunu edesta. crown { in front.
pala hammasta takaa. piece of tooth in back.
APTEEKKI . - Rinse:
Spit out ~ Open
your mouth:
X-B
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SCENE 22
Suku Kinship
B. Eivt en, mutta minulla on Ei en, mut mullon B. No more. But 1 have many other
paljon muita sukulaisia. relatives.
B. Olenko tavannut anoppisi? Oonks m tavannu sun a- B. Have 1 met your mother-in-law?
noppis?
A. Ehk. Hn oli tll viime kuussa Se oli A. Perhaps. Last month she stayed
lankoni luona. mun langon luona here with my brother-in-law.
USEFUL WORDS
X-lO
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Choose a physical fitness course
of your liking and make the
necessary arrangements by phone,
using the information on this
page.
Voimistele,
virkisty,
HELSINGIN KAUPUNKI
Urheilu' Ja ulkoIluvirasto ryhdisty
aikuisille ja iltaisin.
Palvelukaudet
- TalvlkausI17.1. -15. 4.
Lajivalikoimassa: Rentoutus, Ilmoittautuminen ao. salilla
kansanlanssi, kurssit kilokkaille, la 18.12.1976 klo 9 - 16
kurssit synnyttneille, uimaopetus, Ma 20.12.1976 klo 13 - 20
tennis (keskausina), hlkk - Syyskausl12. 9. -16.12.
(kuntoilu ulkona kevtkaudella), Ilmoittautuminen ao. salilla
pujottelu. La 13. 8. klo 9 - 16
Ma 15. 8. klo 13 - 20
X-ll
TY t t j a p 0 j a t
KESLLX URHEILUKOULUUN
JALKAPALLOKOULU
Tln pallokentt klo 10 - 14
YLEISURHEILUKOULU
Elintarhan urheilukentt klo 10 - 14
TENNISKURSSIT
10 - l~ -vuotiaille
Varusteet: oma maila ja 3 uutta palloa
X-12
Study the following, and find out how you would help your friend if he/she had
a fishbone in his/her throat/a sudden earache/internal bleeding/an electrical
shock/burns
Helsingin kaupunki
Helsingin kaupungin virastoja ja niiss ksiteitAviA asioita koskevat tie-
dustelut 1692278 1692279 (Helsinki-halli Mannerheimintie 17) ma-pe
8.30-18 iJu 12-16.
Kaupunginvaltuuston ja kaupunginhallituksen ptksist tiedustelut
1692300.
Kaupungin virastojen ja laitosten vlelnen virka-alka 8.30-16 ma 8.30-16.30 la sulj.
Puhelinnumerot vaihteen suljettuna ollessa ennen j~ jlkeen vlrka-ajan ovat suluissa.
X-13
VaUaklpu likillinen. . . . . . . Kirurginen sairaala, Malmin. Marian ja Auroran sairaala, Lastentautien klinikka
Meilahden sairaalat
Verenoknnnus verelllyksy
keuhkoista . . . . . . . , , .' Kirurginen sairaala. Malmin, Marian ja Auroran sairaala. Lastentautien klinikka
Meilahden sairaalat
Verenvuoto nenst. , , . . . Korva-, nen- ja kurkkutautian klinikka Korva-. nen- ja kurItkutautien klinikka
Verenvuoto synnytyselImist . . . . . . . Naistentautian ja synnytysklinikka,
Klltilopisto .
. Vieras esine kurf(UQ8 esim. ruoto. . . . . , .' . Korva-. nenil- ja kurkkutautien klinikka Korva-, nen- ja kurkkutautien klinikka
X-14
1. Listen to this conversation and mark the box with true or false, as appropriate.
T F
a) A is looking for a thermometer.
c) You can also find the office hours in the telephone book.
Location of the first scene Location of the second scene Location of the third scene
X-15
A B JAANA
A B
KEY 1. aF bF cF dF eT
X-16
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FUNCTION PRACTICES
You are in a situation where somebody needs urgent medical care. How would you go about
finding it in Helsinki/here?
Your dog needs emergency medical care. Arrange for it by phone.
A member of your family is sick; call the doctor on duty and arrange for a house call.
Tell your dentist about your present tooth trouble and accept/reject her treatment.
3. Family backgrounds
Arvoitus Juuret
Kumpi on lheisempi suku- - Sin olet mahdoton kerskailemaan sukupuullasi.
lainen, veljen vaimon Kohta varmaan vitt, ett esivanhempasi olivat
anoppi vai tdin kummin mukana Noakin arkissa.
kaima? - Arkissako? Eivt toki, heill oli oma vene.
X-17
- Pick up your favorite sport from the list below and tell your classmates aboutit.
- Tell who the famous American athletes are and what kind of sport they represent.
Useful words
X-l8
2.
Suomessakin on tarinoita pahasta itipuolesta ja anopista kuten muuallakin maailmassa. Tll
hetkell kuitenkin monet nuoret parit elvt -avoliitossa- avioliiton sijasta ja silloin heill ei
ole appi-vanhempia. Mit taas itipuoleen tulee, tm on hyvin yleinen, koska on paljon eronneita
ja uudelleen naineita vanhempia lapsineen. Niinp perheess Voi olla miehen lapsia, vaimon lapsia
ja niden yhteisi lapsia, -minun, sinun ja meidn lapsia-.
3.
Billill kvi hyv viuhka tansseissa, kunnes tytt saivat tiet, ett hn olikin naimisissa.
Bill ei nimittin pid vihkisormusta, ja kaikki luulivat, ett hn oli vapaa mies, naimaton. Kun
Billin vaimo sai tiet tst, hn osti miehellens sormuksen ja pani tmn kyttmn sit
vasemman kden nimettmss, kuten kaikki muutkin suomalaiset naimisissa olevat tekevt.
Maisterinsormusta Bill ei sentn hankkinut.
How to foem
ean be infleeted in alI eases, see the CND t 25 for words ending in -nen
"hen to use
2. The objeet of the IV infinitive must preeede it and it must be in the genitive
with/without a possessive suffix.
X-20
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3. to express -to like-
4. -anything to do, to say, etc. or -something to do, to say, etc.- can be expressed by
mitn + IV info in part. anything to X
jotain + IV info in part. something to X
Note: If a genuine noun exists, it is better style to use it instead of the IV infinitive.
tulo + part. Odotimme hnen tuloaan. We were waiting for hirn to come.
Odotimme hnen tulemistaan.
X-21
Lkri sanoi, ett hnet leikattaisiin The doctor said that he would be operated
ensi viikolla. on next week.
Vedettisiink hammas pois tnn? Would the tooth be pulled out today?
Dow ta forrn
Dow to forrn
replace the past passive -tUn with -ta-/-t-
-tUin with -tta-/-tt-
When to use
in forrning the present passive conditional, see X-B
in forming the present passive potential, see XIV-B
in forming the present passive participle, see XII-C
X-22
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X-D PAST PASSIVE CONDITIONAL
1. Tm peli olisi voitu voittaa helposti. This game could have been won easily.
Tt uutista ei olisi uskottu todeksi. This piece of news would not have been
believed to be true.
2. Jos me ei olisi lhdetty ajoissa, If we wouldn't have left on time, we
olisi myhstytty. would have been late.
olisi oltu we would have been/ olisi otettu we would have taken/
one would have been would have been taken
ei olisi oltu we would not have been/ ei olisi we would not have taken/
one would not have been otettu would not have been taken
When to use
Siin on vauvani, jonka vien tarkastukseen. That's my baby whom I'm taking for a check-up.
Tulin bussilla, jonka kuljettaja oli nainen. 1 came on a bus whose driver was a woman.
Tuo oli se poika, jolta kysyin tiet. That's the boy whom 1 asked for directions.
Ostin sen siit kaupasta, jossa 1 bought it in the shop that we visited day
kvimme toissapivn. before yesterday.
X-23
When to use
must agree in number with the noun to which it refers in the main clause
must be in the plural if the noun to which it refers has "psychological" plural
ne kolme tytt~, jolka asuvat tll those three girls that live here
the case of the verb in the relative clause determines the case of 'joka'
Ostin auton, josta puhuimme 1 bought the car that we talked about
viime viikolla. last week.
subject Tuo on tytt, joka asuu tll. That's the girl who lives here.
object jonka tunnen. whom 1 know.
adverbial jolle soitin. to whom 1 phoned.
adverbial josta puhuin. about whom 1 spoke.
X-24
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UNIT XI
WEATHER s1O\
Nouns Substantiiveja
air ilmastointi (6) flow, eurrent virtaus (32) power shkkatko (15)
eonditioning fly krpnen (25) failure
antifreeze pakkasneste (5) fog sumu (15) provinee maakunta (2)
blizzard, lumimyrsky (15) forest mets (2) return of takatalvi (6)
broken road kelirikko (15), freezing eold pakkanen (25) winter
eonditions rospuu tto (15) frost halla (1) sanitation puhtaanapito-
elear spell pouta (2) (killing) department laitos (32)
elimate ilmasto (15) gnat mkrinen (25) shower kuuro (15)
eompulsion pakko (15) hail rae (5) (weather)
eondition keli (6) haze, mist utu (15) situation tilanne (5)
(road) height korkeus (33) sky, heaven taivas (30)
eraek in the railo (15) hot weather helle (5) sleet rnt (2)
iee, rift hurrieane hirmumyrsky (15) slush sohjo (15),
erust of snow hanki (8) ieebreaker jnmurtaja (3), loska (2)
biting wind Vllma (1) jnsrkij (4) snowdrift kinos (32),
degree aste (5) lightning salama (4) nietos (32)
depression lama (1) minus degree miinusaste (5) solid iee kiintoj (18)
distriet lni (6) mosquito itikka (4), south etel (3)
(administr.) sski (6) southeast kaakko (15)
direetion ilmansuunta (2) noise melu (15) southwest lounas (30),
(point of north pohjoinen (25) lounainen (25)
eompass) northeast koillinen (25) speed nopeus (33)
dog days mtkuu (16) nothern lights revontulet (9) plo storm myrsky(15)
downpour rankkasade (5) northwest luode (5) temperature lmptila (1)
drifting iee ajoj (16) oeeanographie merentutkimus- thaw suoja (2)
driving snow- tuisku (1) institute lai tos (32) thunder ukkonen (25)
storm open water avovesi (10) thundering, jyrin (4)
drizzle tihkusade (5) overtime ylity (17) rumble
fire tulipalo (15) paek iee ahtauma (3) tornado pyrremyrsky (15)
(uneontrolled) power voima (2) veloeity kiihtyvyys (33)
whirling snow pyry (15)
XI-l
Verbs Verbej
- -
become lauhtua (8 ) flood tulvia ( 8) intr. sand hiekoittaa ( 2)
milder freeze jty ( 8) intr. shovel (snow) luoda (10 ) lunta
be included sislty (8) intr. freeze (cause palelluttaa (2) tr. snow (driving) tuiskuttaa (2 )
frost damage) snow pyrytt ( 2)
be valid olla (13) voimassa melt sulaa ( 2) intr. (whirling)
continue jatkua ( 8) intr. move siirty ( 8) intr. spoU pilaantua ( 8) intr.
darken pimet (20) intr. predict ennustaa ( 2) stay (put) pysy ( 8)
ease off hell itt ( 2) promise luvata (18) tend tahtoa ( 8)
enjoy nauttia (7) dse kohota (17) , tighten kiristy ( 8) intr.
fear pelt (18) nousta ( 15) wake up hert (18 ) i.ntr.
flash salamoida (9) rot mdt (20) intr.
(lightning)
Adjectives Adjektiiveja
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Kuulitko stiedotuksen? Kuulit sa A. Did you hear the weather forecast?
Millaista st luvattiin? Millasta What kind of weather was forecasted?
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. En tiennyt, ett Suomessa M en tienny A. 1 didn't know that it could be this
.
voi olla nin kuuma.
Ja nin paljon itikoita. .
hot in Finland.
And so many mosquitoes.
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Nyt on varmasti ukkosta ilmassa.
On hiostava ja painostava ilma.
.. A. There must be thunder in the air.
It's muggy and oppresaive (sultry)
weather.
B. Niin taitaa olla. Minullakin on Mullakin on B. It may well be. 1 too have a headache.
pnsrky. .
4. jakso Sequence 4
A. Pelkvtk lapset ukkosta? Pelkks lapset A. Are the children afraid of thunder?
XI-3
ukkosta. l
~
A thunderstorm
Luvattiin kovaa tuulta. Heavy wind was promised.
vaihtelevaa tuulta. Variable wind
pilvisyytt. Cloudiness
kosteaa.
~ ~
lmmint. :~;~~.
On viile. It' s coo!.
koleaa. chilly.
hellett. hoL
pilvist. cloudy.
kirkasta. bright.
selke. clear.
On puolipilvist. It's partly cloudy.
sumua. foggy (lit., there's some fog).
sumuista. foggy.
poutaa. fair.
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Tosiaankin, radio lupasi radio lupas A. Indeed, the radio predicted
ukkoskuuroja. . thundershowers.
B. Kun ei tulisi rankkasadetta tai Kun ei tulis B. If only we didn't get a downpour
raesadetta. Se pilaisi tomaatit pilais or a hailstorm. It would spoil
the tomatoes.
6. jakso Sequence 6
B. Viel pahempi olisi halla. . olis . B. Even worse would be a frost.
..
B. Se on ypakkanen kesll ja se B. It is a night frost in the summer
palelluttaa kasveja. and it freezes plants.
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Nautitaan nyt poudista niin
kauan kuin niit on.
.. A. Let's enjoy the fair weather now
as long as it lasts.
XI-5
~ ~
sadetta. raino
Radio lupasi rankkasadetta. The radio forecast was a downpour.
tihkusadetta. drizzling raino
rntsadetta. wet snow, sleet.
Ukkoqen jyrisee. Salamoi, ukkostaa. It's thundering. It's lightning, there's thunder.
On kova ukkonen/ukonilma. There's a severe thunderstorm.
N
Pohjoinen
NW Luode KoiHinen NE
W Lnsi It E
SW Lounas Kaakko SE
Etel
S
XI-6
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WEATHER
s talvella Weather in winter
8. jakso Sequence 8
A. Tulkaa Slsaan lmmittelemn~
Saisiko olla kuppi kuumaa?
.
Saiskos
A. Come in and get warm~
Would you like to have a cup
of something hot?
..
B. Mutta radion mukaan pakkanen B. But according to the radio it's
vain kiristyy. just getting colder.
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Millainen keli oli teill ja Millanen A. What was it like on the roads
kaduilla? and streets?
B. No, voihan sit hiiht vaikka . B. Well, one can always ski even with
vesikeli ll. . watery conditions.
XI-7
kiristyy. inereases.
Pakkanen hellitt. Cold (weather) slaekens.
{ { gets milder.
lauhtuu.
Ask for and provide information like this. state the state of road eonditions, using these
patterns.
XI-8
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WEATHER
B. Joo, oli kova lumi tuisku. Ja kova . B. Yes, there was a heavy driving
tuuli. Juoksutti tiet umpeen. . snowfall (b1izzard). And heavy
winds. Driving snow c10sed the
roads.
A. Voi, en osannut edes odottaa niit. Voi, m en osannu A. Oh, 1 didn't even know to expect
oottaa them.
B. No, jospa ne nkyvt taas tn ne nkyy B. We11, maybe they can be seen
iltana. . again tonight.
XI-9
100
L50
~.AQ.
kylm tuuli.
Oli vi hainen viima. There was a
cold wind.
biting wind.
- -- - -
{ puuskainen tuuli. { gusty wind. 90
80 ,30
lumikuuroja. oGcasional snow showers.
On ukkoskuuroja. There are thundershowers.
t
70
{ sadekuuroja. showers. ,20
kuuroja. showers. 60
50 10
Sataa lunta. It's snowing.
Pyrytt (lunta). It's whirling snow. 40
Tuiskuttaa (lunta.) It's blowing snow.
Juoksuttaa (lunta). ~
It's drifting snow. 3
20
JQ.
10
Kaava, jolla Fahrenheit muutetaan Celsiukseksi
0
c x 9 (F - 32) x 5
= + 32 I~
F c = 10
5 9
20
1
30
30
TVH = tie- ja vesirakennushallitus Road and Water Administration
40 40
TVL = tie- ja vesirakennuslaitos Road and Water Institute
~ ~
XI-lO
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Study the following charts in order to understand Finnish forecasts. Use the vocabulary
in your own sentences.
------~-----------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------
pohjoistuuli, lnsi-, koillis-, luoteis-, kaakkois-, it-, etel- ja lounaistuuH
north(erly) wind W NE NW SE E S sw wind
m/sek 0,3 0,3 - 1,5 1,6 - 3,3 3,4 - 5,6 5,5 - 7,9 8,0 - 10,7
ml/t 0-1 1 - 3 4 - 7 8 - 12 13 - 18 19 - 24
m/sek 10,8 - 13,8 13,9 - 17,1 17,2 - 20,7 20,8 - 24,4 24,5 - 28,4
ml/t 25 - 31 32 - 38 39 - 46 47 - 52 53 - 63
XI-ll
stiedotus:
Etel- ja Keski-Suomessa:
yll heikkoa tuulta, pivll
kohtalaista pohjoisen ja luoteen
vlist tuulta, vaihtelevaa pil-
visyytt ja poutaa, verrattain stiedotus merenkulkijoille:
yleisesti hallaa. Pivn ylin
lmptila Lnsi-Suomessa 13 - 15 Odotettavissa sunnuntai-iltaan
astetta, It-suomessa 10 - 12 asti:
astetta Suomenlahden itosa: yll kaak- 1. Ahvenanmaan maakunta
Oulun lniss ja Lapin lnin koistuulta 3 - 6 rn/s, utuista ja 2. Turun ja Porin lni
etelosassa: kohtalaista lnnen aamuyst alkaen ajoittain sa- 3. Uudenmaan lni
ja luoteen vlist tuulta, detta, mahdollisesti ukkosta. 4. Kymen lni
vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt ja pivll lounaaseen kntyv 5. Hmeen lni
enimmkseen poutaa, paikoitellen tuulta 5 - 8 rn/s. Ja parempi n- 6. Vaasan lni
hallaa. pivn ylin lmptila kyvyys. 7. Keski-Suomen lni
10 - 12 astetta. Suomenlahden lnsiosa ja Pohjois- 8. Mikkelin lni
Lapin lnin pohjoisosassa: Itmeri: aluksi eteln ja kaakon 9. Kuopion lni
vhn voimistuvaa lnsituulta, vlist tuulta 4 - 7 rn/s. utuista 10. Pohjois-Karjalan lni
perjantaina luoteistuulta, vaih- ja lnnest alkaen sadetta. pi- 11. Oulun lni
televaa pilvisyytt ja pivll vll tuuli kntyy lounaaseen ja 12. Lapin lni
paikoittain sadekuuroja. pivn nkyvyys paranee.
ylin lmptila 8 - 10 astetta.
XI-12
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USEFUL INFORMATION
Find out on the map what the iee eonditions are like in various plaees and where
the ieebreakers are.
kiintoj solid iee
tasaista jt fIat iee
D kllntoJlIItl uutta tai heikkoa jt new or weak iee
1==1 ta.ala,a ajo jt drifting iee
t::::1 JlIlItll ahtautumia paek iee
~ uutta taI
EI heIkkoa JlIlItl railo eraek in the iee
slush
BJ a,JoJlltll
sohjoa
avovett open water
~ ahtautumla
0,allo
~.OhJoa
Itmeri Baltie Sea
.avol/.UII Suomenlahti Gulf of Finland
Selkmeri Bothnian Sea
SAMPO Merenkurkku Quark
JUTlLANNE 16.2.1982 Permeri Bothnian Bay
--VV-J"''' TARMO MEIINTUTICIIIIUILAITOI
Gulf of Bothnia
MIINTYLUOTO Pohjanlahti
VARMA
RAUMA
XI-13
........
SII sWe
Helsinki Kaisaniemi -3 5W
heikko lumillldeua. Turku -0 I 7
'6
USEFUL INFORMATION
N pohjoinen
tili ja wulivaroitubia.
Norjan mertl" oleva Iyvl mata-
lapaine liikkuu nopeuti iWn koh-
ti Kakl-Skandinavlaa. Matalapei-
neeseen liittyv. sadealue IeviU
heikk. lumisadeua. Maarianhami- NNE - pohjoiskoillinen keskiviikkona koko maahan ja
NE koillinen IImptjla kohoa nollan yllpuolcl-
... 0 IIW 7 utUII. Pori -J ISW 9 Ie maan etel.- ja IInsiolissa.
tihkuudeua. Nnisalo -2 MW 5 ENE - itkoillinen
heikk. lumiudetta. Tampere Pirk- Odotettavissa
kala -2 8 tihkuudeua, Jokioi-
E it
nen -2 IIW 9 rintlladeua. Uht.I ESE - itkaakko ....nd
-4 I S heikk. lumiladeua, Lap- SE kaakko Ahvenanmaalla ja Thruu ja Po-
peenranta -6 S heikk. lumisa-
etelkaakko rin IUnialsekl Uudenmaan W
detta. Milld.l"':""S I 7 heikk. lumi- SSE - uin IlmiosasA: kohtalaista tai Dl-
udeua. Uoman.. --6 I 6 lumisa- S etel vaUu etelin ja 100...... vlliltl
I deua. Joemuu -7 I 7 ~. lumi- SSW - etel lounas hJulta ja ajoittain lumisadelta. nn-
udeua. Kuopio lentok. -:"5 I 8 SW lounas/lounainen nikolla ja Ahvenanmaalla myl
heikk. Iwn.iudetta. Viituuri --4 vesisadetta. PiivIn ylin IImpOlila
aw 7 lumiwiskua. Jyvlskyll len- WSW - lnsilounas O... plus 2 utc:tr.
'tok. -4 I 7 helkk. lumisadella. W lnsi Uudenmaan IIInln itlolusa.
Ahtlri -3 IW 6 heiU. lumiudet- WNW- lnsiluode Kymen ja Mikkelin WnisaI seka
ta. Kauhava -J IIW 8 heikk. lu- Pohjois-Karjalan IAlnin elellosas-
misadeua. Vaasa Ientot. -J ssw,7 NW luode/luoteinen sa: heiUoa tai lohtalaisIa etellin
lumisadeua. Nivala -2 I S heiU. NNW - pohjoisluode ja lounaan vIIistl tuuha, pilvisll
lumisade.... Kajaani --4 5 8
heikk. lumisadetta, Oulu lento".
jllumiladetta. etellnnnikolla rIn-
W. Pilvin yUn IImpftlila O...-2
-2 I 9 lumisadetta. Pudasjlrvi-4 minus miinus lltetta. etellnnnikolla YIhIn nol-
I 7 lumisadetta. SuomUllllmi -S (pakkasasteita) lan ylllpuolella. .
5SW 7 lumisadetta. KuUllll10 -S I plus plus HAmeen, Keski-Suomen ja Kuo-
7 lumisade"a, Kemi -2 I II lumi- pion Ilnissi seka Pohjois-Karja-
sadetta. Rovaniemi lentok. -4 ssc' (lmpasteita) lan lnin pohjoisosassa: kohtalais-
JO lumisadetta. Pello -3 ue 6 Iu- ta lai navakkaa eteltuulta, pilvis-
miAdclta, SaUa -5 se 6 lumisa- Iyvli ja lirmestl lumi5ltdelta. illa-
Ieua. Sodankyll--4 IIC 8 lumill- pivll ajoillain. Pivin ylin lim-
Ieua. Muonio --4 ase 6 lumilull- pOlila O...-2 astella.
kua, KilpiljiIYi -S se 5 heikk, IlIr Vaasan ja Oulun IiInisd: ne-
misadetta. Ivalo --4 ue 6 heikko vakkaa etelituulla, pilviltyvll ja
lumisadetta, Uujokl Kevo -.5 esc IInneal lumisadeUa, paikoin run-
8 Jumisadeua. uaIti. Piivin ylin limplila
-1 ...-3 astella, rannikolla 001-
!usa lai vihAn sen ylipuoleIla.
lapin lniss: navakkaa eteln
ja idn vllisl lUulta, pilvUlyvi ja
Innesl sakeaa lumisadellB. Um-
plila laskee -3 jll ~ uleen vl-
~11e.
XI-14
Mik kuukausi oli {lmPimin Helsingiss? What {month was the {warmest in Helsinki?
{ vuosi kylmin year coldest
1964 -1.9 -7.8 -3.4 2.8 9.5 14.7 17.2 15.2 11.1 8.2 0.8 -0.8 5.5
1965 -2.7 -6.6 -2.5 3.5 7.3 15.1 14.9 14.8 13.3 6.7 -2.9 -2.4 4.9
1966 -11.6 -12.1 -1.7 0.1 9.1 16.6 18.0 15.2 10.0 6.0 3.1 -3.2 4.1
1967 -9.7 -4.3 LI 3.7 9.4 13.7 16.8 16.3 13.5 9.5 4.4 -8.1 5.5
1968 -12.7 -4.1 -0.3 4.5 7.6 16.3 15.7 16.7 11.7 3.6 -0.6 -1.2 4.8
1969 -8.0 -8.8 -5.7 3.3 8.2 15.8 16.9 17.3 10.6 6.2 . 1.3 -5.6 4.3
1970 -8.6 -11.2 -1.5 1.9 9.6 17.1 16.3 16.3 10.7 5.2 0.3 -1.5 4.6
1971 -1.3 -4.9 -4.0 2.3 9.8 14.1 17.2 15.8 10.1 5.7 -0.2 -0.9 5.4
1972 -7.1 -3.6 -2.4 2.2 9.0 16.4 20.4 17.0 11.1 5.6 1.7 2.8 6.1
1973 -1.0 -3.2 -0.3 3.1 9.9 16.8 20.2 15.6 8.4 3.5 -1.3 -5.2 5.6
1974 -1.9 0.2 -0.2 3.4 7.6 14.7 16.2 14.9 13.3 6.7 3.4 1.8 6.7
1975 -0.3 -2.0 0.6 3.7 11.7 13.9 18.1 17.2 13.6 5.9 2.3 -0.6 7.1
1976 -8.4 -5.8 -3.9 2.3 ILO 13.2 16.1 15.6 9.0 3.0 1.4 ....3.1 4.2
1977 -5.4 -8.2 -1.8 1.6 9.3 14.5 14.9 15.1 8.9 6.0 2.6 -2.7 4.6
1978 -4.7 -10.1 -2.1 2.2 10.4 14.5 15.9 14.5 9.7 4.9 3.2 -11.1 3.9
XI-l5
A. Listen to the tape and take notes under the following headings.
Temperature Wind velocity Air pressure Weather forecast for the day
2. ln Ahvenanmaa, in the southern part of Turku and Pori district, and in Kymi district:
weak or moderate a) S wind
b) N wind
c) SW wind
d) NW wind
4. ln the northern part of Turku and Pori district, and in Vaasa district:
moderate wind turning to a) S
b) SW
c) SE
d) E
XI-l6
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6. Lowest temperature at night a) 18 degrees
b) 12 degrees
c) 8 degrees
d) 22 degrees
7. 1n the southern part of Mikkeli, Keski-Suomi, Kuopio, Pohjois-Karjala, and Oulu district:
moderate wind between a) W and NW
b) W and SW
c) Sand SW
d) N and NW
------------------------------------~-------------------------------------------------------------
KEY 1b 2c 3a 4a 5b 6b 7b Ba 9a 10d
XI-17
5. Hmeenlinna S SW W NW
6. Ilomantsi S SE SW W
7. Viitasaari SW W NW NNW
8. Kajaani N NW NE E
14. Muonio NE NW N E
D. Listen to the weather forecast on the tape for the sea areas, and circle the right answer.
In the northern areas of the Baltie Sea and in the Gulf of Finland:
1. Slightly inereasing wind between 2. At night in some plaees
a) Sand SW a) rain and thunder
b) W and NW b) showers and hail
e) W and SW e) mist and fog
d) Sand SE d) elear or misty
6. Visibility a) improving
b) better
e) good
d) poor
KEY 1e 2e 3d 4b 5b 6b 7e 8e 9d 10b
XJ-19
F. Look at the weather report below, while listening to it on the tape. Try to explain what
kind of weather is forecast for Helsinki, Oulu, etc.
.......
~.
f~
\ I
" \ / AC)/
.:::~ selkenev~"pilvistyv ~ lumisadetta
//\,,--} )
XI-20
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READING
Are you prepared to start your car in sub-zero temperatures1 Here are the instructions. Try to
explain them to someone else in Finnish.
2. Manual choke: Pull out the the knob alI the way,
don't press the gas pedal.
Automatic choke: Press the gas peda1 one time
way down, don't touch it after that.
Or, if your car has an automatic fuel injection-system,
don't touch the gas pedal.
4. Once the motor has started don't rev the engine too
much because the lubrication is sluggish in a cold
engine.
XI-21
2. You have planned to go sailing in the Finnish archipelago with your friend.
1n a weather forecast you hear of a warning for a storm with gusty winds.
Call your friend to tell him/her about this.
Caneel/postpone the trip 'peruuttaa/lykt'.
3. Your Finnish friend has invited you to dinner in his/her house outside Helsinki.
You drive there but the road turning from the main road is closed beeause of frost heaves
'routavahinkoja'~
Call your friend and explain why you can't come.
XI-22
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UNIT XI
STRUCTURAL NOTES
How to form
1. nominati ve
remove -n from the genitive stern of the cardinal number
add the ordinal marker -s
the ordinals tor 1 and 2 are 'ensimminen' or 'yhdes', 'toinen' or 'kahdes'
XI-23
'ensimminen' and 'toinen' are declined like alI the words ending in -nen
(see t 25 CND)
'-toista' remains unchanged, and the ordinal marker is only in the first part of
the numeral
from 20th onwards, each part of the number has the ordinal endings and inflects in alI cases
. kahde~kymmene~kolma~ 23rd
"hen to use
1. answers the question 'kuinka mones, monesko' -how manieth-, -which one in a series of
numbered items
2. the ordinal agrees with the number and case of the noun (see the cardinal numbers in II-R)
Note: Nowadays there is a tendency to inflect only the last part of the compound number.
You have learned about participles as part af the main verb form for negative past, present, and
past perfect: 'en tullut, olen tullut, olin tullut,' etc. 1n addition, participles are used also
as adjectives, which of course are placed immediately before the noun they modify and agree with its
case and number.
tullut juna the arrived train
tulleessa junassa in the arrived train
Since participles are verb forms, they get the modifiers that verbs normally get, like where,
when, why, how, and what which are placed before the participle when it is used adjectively.
When to use
Oulusta t in the train arriving from Oulu
Tuolla istuvat nuoret ovat oppilaitani = The young people (who are) sitting over
Nuoret, jotka istuvat tuolla, ovat oppilaitani. there are my students.
2. more common in written text or formal speech, while in colloquial speech some
other expression is used instead
Matti tulee junassa, joka saapuu Oulusta. Matti comes in a train that arrives from Oulu.
Matti tulee Oulun junassa. Matti comes in Oulu's train.
Lexicalization note: The word following the -va/-v form has to be the subject or agent
of the participle.
Matti tuli Oulusta saapuneessa junassa. Matti came by the train that arrived from Oulu.
Dow to form
the past act. participle -nut/-nyt in sg. nom. (for assimilated consonants see IV-E)
-nut/-nyt- + -ta/-t in sg. part.
-nee- in a11 other sg. cases and in nom. plo
-ne- + -i- in a11 other plo cases (see 38 in the CND)
XI-26
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nom. ag. gen. sg. part. sg. gen. pl. part. pl. illat. pl.
saapu-nut saapu-nee-E. saapu-nut-ta saapu~-..!.-den saapu-~-..!.-ta saapu-ne-.!.-siin
precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
the modifiers precede it
When to use
Oulusta
+ from Oulu
2. occurs mainly in the written language, while in everyday speech a relative clause is used
3. as an adjective exactly like present active participle (XI-C), but the meaning ia
that of an accomplished, finished action
Haluaisin tiet maanantaiksi sovitusta 1 would like to know about the meeting that
kokouksesta. has been agreed on for Monday.
XI-27
precedes the noun it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
- - - - ...
the modifiers precede it
varatusta Jf t reserved
When ta use
eilen If t yesterday
1. more common in the written text or formal speech, whilein colloquial speech a relative
c1ause ia used instead
2. the meaning refers to action that is completed wdone,w wwas done,w or whad been done w
3. use this form only when the agent (subject) is not expressed; see lagenttipartisiippi l , XII-B
XI-28
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UNIT XII
GEOGRAPHY MAANTIEDETTX
Nouns Substantiiveja
be in accord, mytill (13) design suunnitella (14) join liitty (8) intr.
follow dig kaivaa (1)
belong kuulua (8) draw piirt (3) be situated si jaita (19)
count laskea (4) (design) be visible nky (8)
Geographical nouns
XII-2
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GEOGRAPHY
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Huomasin kartasta, ett Suomi M A. 1 noticed from the map that Finland
sijaitsee 60. ja 70. leveys- is located between 60 and 70 degrees
piirin vlill.
Hui, se on kamalan pohjoisessa: .. latitude.
Whew~ It's terribly far north~
B. Niin on, mutta Suomen ilmasto Joo, B. It is, but the climate in Finland is
on paljon lauhempi kuin Alaskan. . much milder than that of Alaska.
2. jakso Sequence 2
B. Kuinka kaukana etelss
Washington on?
.. B. How fai south is Washington?
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Ent mill pituuspiirill
Helsinki on?
.. A. And at what longitude is Helsinki?
B. Se on 25 astetta itist
pituutta. Helsingiss on sama
aika kuin Kapkaupungissa.
... B. It ia ~ degrees eaatern
longitude. Helsinki has the same
time as Cape Town.
4. jakso Sequence 4
A. Mik aikaero on Helsingin ja
Washingtonin vlill?
.. A. What ia the time difference between
Helsinki and Washington?
XII-3
Kuinka kaukana Oulusta Jyvskyl on? How far from Oulu is Jyvskyl?
XII-4
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GEOGRAPHY
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Kuuluuko Suomi Skandinaviaan? A. Ooes Finland belong to Scandinavia?
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. Onko Suomi NATO:n jsen? A. Is Finland a member of NATO?
B. Suomi ei kuulu sen enemp NATO:on B. Finland does not belong either to NATO
(Pohjois-Atlantin Puolustusliittoon) (North Atlantic Treaty Organization),
kuin Varsovan puolustusliittoonkaan. or to the Warsaw Defense Pact.
Se on puolueeton kuten Ruotsi. It's neutral, like Sweden.
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Ent mink talousjrjestn jsen Suomi A. And what economic organization is Finland
on? a member of?
B. Suomi on ollut vuodest~ -61 alkaen B. Since the year '61 Finland has been an
liitnnisjsenen Euroopan Vapaakaup- associate member of the European Free
pajrjestss, Eftas~~. Se ei kuulu Trade Organization (EFTA). It does not
Euroopan Talousyhteisn, EEC:l1el1. Se belong to the European Economic Community
kuuluu kyll OECO:hen, Taloudellisen (EEC). lt belongs, however, to the OECD
yhteistyn ja kehityksen jrjestn. (Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Oevelopment).
A. Ent YK, Yhdistyneet Kansakunnat? A. And how about the UN, the United Nations?
Onko Suomi YK:n jsen? Is Finland a member of the UN?
B. Totta kai. Ja lisksi Suomella on oma B. Of course. And in addition, Finland has her
YYA-sopimus, ystvyys-, yhteisty- ja Treaty of Mutual Friendship, Cooperation
avunantosopimus, Neuvostoliiton kanssa. and Assistance with the Soviet Union.
XII-5
"
Archipelago of Aland Ahvenanmaan saaristo English Channel Englannin kanaali
Arctic Ocean Pohjoinen jmeri Mediterranean Vlimeri
Atlantic Ocean Atlantti, Atlantin North Sea pohjanmeri
valtameri
Baltic Sea Itmeri Saimaa Canal Saimaan kanava
straits of Gibraltar Gibraltarin salmi
XII-6
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GEOGRAPHY
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. Mitk ovat Suomen naapurit? on A. Who are the neighbors of
Finland?
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Millaista maisemaa Suomi on? Millasta A. What is the landscape like in Finland?
XII-7
~
I t is farther south than Kuopio.
~
etel Se on etelmpn kuin Kuopio.
pohjoinen pohjoisempana kuin Suomenlahti. north than the .GUlf of Finland.
it idempn kuin Tukholma. east than Stockholm.
lnsi lnnempn kuin Leningrad. west than Leningrad.
If you are interested in eclipses, talk about them with the help of the information below.
XII-8
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GEOGRAPHY
XII-9
~ ~
kansallisromanttista tyyli. nationalistic-romantic
Se on jugendtyyli. It is jugend (Art Nouveau) style.
talonpoikaistyyli. rural vernacular/rustic/country
bysanttilaista tyyli. Byzantine
Ask for and provide information like this, using the name of the architect and the building.
XII-lO
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Study the chart. Then, using the Finnish calendar I Almanakka, j find (jld ; 'i. Haig the daY$ .," ,., "
var10us places 1n P1nland.
TALVELLA
'fjtt;;='-cteL~;:------t.>-oL.-~;;;;;:---:;;IO",ln
.lk.IHmmln
XII-ll
2. The Israeli patrol boat was on its usual patrol, and was heading
towards the Israeli coast.
6. He did not mention how many Israelis were in the patrol boat.
1. The Bangladesh Air Force planes began to drop food to the areas a) under flood water.
b) isolated by the flood water.
2. Over a) a quarter
b) half of Bangladesh is covered by monsoon rains.
XII-12
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C. Listen to the tape and choose the right a1ternative.
1. Assam is in a) NE
b) SE India.
3. Starving peop1e were seen looking for food in several cities near the a) West Benga1
b) Bangladesh border.
5. People have asked the Assam government to provide food and he1p to fight a) stray dogs.
b) contagious diseases.
XI 1-13
5. A large part of Iraqi oil and other goods are transported via
Syria.
F. Listen to the guide on yourtour around Helsinki and take notes under the following headings:
KEY A. lF 2F 3T 4T 5T 6F
B. lb 2b 3b 4b 5b 6a
c. la 2a Ja 4b 5b
D. la 2b 3c 4a
E. lT 2F JF 4F 5T
XU-14
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READING. What is the main gist of the article1 And what is your own opinion about the subject1
XII-15
- where is it situated?
- what kind of climate/landscape does it have?
- what is the main type of industry (teollisuus)?
- what do people do in their free time, etc.?
3. NATO
6. Architecture
XII-16
A complete subordinate clause (containing a subject and a verb), either in the active or passive
voice, is often replaced with a so-called 'lauseenvastike' -embedded sentence.- This permeates
the written and media language, but is less common in the spoken language. 1t is important for you
to learn to spot these structures as complete units when decoding Finnish text. 1n this book, we
will deal with only the most common embedded sentence structures.
1. subject
expressed by the genitive when it is a different noun than the subject of the main clause
by personaI pronoun (+ poss. suffix) when it is a different personaI pronoun
by poss. suffix alone when it is the same personaI pronoun as in the main clause
precedes the verb which is usually in a participle form
2. participle/infinitive
the verb is usually in a participle form, although several infinitive forms are
also used
generally in one of the following cases: genitive, partitive, inessive, or translative
X11-17
in the nom. sg., 'agenttipartisiippi' is the 111 info of the verb (see IV-J)
precedes the word it modifies and agrees with its number and case like alI adjectives
Toin idin tekemt kakut. 1 brought the cakes that mother made.
the agent, i.e., the subject, in the genitive case must always be expressed and
must precede the participle (see XII-A)
1. both as an adjective modifying a noun and as a predicate adjective expressing completed action
kotona t at home
eilen II t yesterday
Sain (sinun) lhettmsi paketin eilen. 1 got the package that you had sent yesterday.
4. when the agent is not expressed, use the past pasa. participle form instead (see XI-E)
XII-la
Dow to form
the meaning is generally that of -to be done,- implying necessity or lack of an option
used mainly in the written language, while everyday speech uses a relative clause instead
Opettaja puhui meille ensi viikolla The teacher told us about the chapter
opiskeltavasta luvusta. = to be studied next week. =
Opettaja puhui meille luvusta, The teacher told us about the chapter
jota tytyy opiskella ensi viikolla. that must be studied next week.
XII-19
How to form
2. to express completed action (completed before the action of the main clause)
Luulin tavan-nee-~i hnet jossakin. 1 thought that 1 had met hirn somewhere.
Kuulin sinun tul-leen takaisin Suomesta. 1 heard that you had eome back from Finland.
Note: The subject of the embedded sentenee is in the gen. (see XII-A), and
not in the usual object case of the aee.
Nin sinun nouseva~ bussiin. 1 saw that you were getting on the bus.
Nin sinut bussissa (objeet). 1 saw you on the bus.
XII-20
3. in written language, this atructure ia very common. Learn to identify it as a complete unit:
4. a similar conatruction ia posaible in the pasaive voice aa well, but it ia very forrnal
Dow to form
When to use
1. generally used with intransitive verbs: nky it seems nytt i t seerns like
kuulua itls heard tuntua i t feels like
2. cornrnon in spoken language
XII-21
1. Vedin kaksin ksin. 1 pulled with both hands (by two hands).
sit ei voi nhd paljain silmin. It cannot be seen by the naked eye.
Tulin jalan. 1 carne by f oote
DoW to foern
3. with verbs
attach -n to the II info marker -e- (see XIII-e)
When to use
2. many commonly used adverbs are formed by instructive case, but otherwise it is not
widely used in spoken language
XII-22
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UNIT XIII
XIII-l
Verbs Verbej
XIII-2
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HOLIDAYS
1. jakso Sequence 1
B. Katsotaan nyt suomalaista Katsotaans ny B. Let'a look at the Finnish almanac.
almanakkaa. .
A. Siin on paljon asiaa. Siinnon A. Well, it has many things in it.
B. Niin on. Nimipivt ja auringon Joo B. Yes. Name days and the times of the
nousun ja laskun ajat viiden . sunrise and sunset according to
eri horisontin mukaan. . five different horizons.
2. jakso Sequence 2
B. Huomatkaa, ett meill on seit- . B. Notice that seven times a year
semn kertaa vuodessa kaksois- . we have double church holidays.
kirkkopyh. Tmn lisksi on Tn lisks 1n addition, there are two so-called
kaksi na. (niin sanottua) . 'secular' holidays: the first of
-maallista- juhlapiv: toukokuun
1. piv, vappu, ja joulukuun 6.
.
.
May, May Day and the 6th of December,
1ndependence Day.
piv, itsenisyyspiv. .
A. Vietetnk Suomessa itienpiv? . A. 16 Mother's Day celebrated
in Finland?
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Ent kiitospiv? Vietetnk Ents kiitospiv A. How about Thanksgiving? 1s i t
sit? . celebrated?
X1II-3
almanakkaa. almanac.
Katsotaan
1allakkaa (colloq.).
kalenteria.
Let's have a look at the
lalmanac.
calendar.
Kirkolliset juhlapivt
Loppiaista vietetn tammikuun 6. ja 12. pivn vlisen lauantaina.
Marianpiv maaliskuun 22. ja 28. pivn. vlisen sunnu.ntaina, tai
jos tm sunnuntai on palmusunnuntai tai psiispiv, palmusunnun-
tain edellisen sunnuntaina. Kristuksen taivaaseenastumisen piv vie-
tetn rukoussunnuntain edellisen lauantaina. Rukoussunnuntai on
viides psiisen jlkeinen sunnuntai. Helluntain valmistuspiv viete~
tn helluntain edellise"n .lauantaina. Johannes Kastajan piv viete-
tn keskuun 20. ja 26. pivn vlisen lauantaina ja pyhinpiv
lokakuun 31. ja marraskuun 6. pivn vlisen lauantaina.
Viikkonumerointi
Kansainvlisen standardisoimisjrjestn (ISO:n) mukaisesti Suomi
siirtyi uuteen viikkonumerointijrjeste1mn' 1973. Uuden jrjestelmn
mukaan viikko(lumero tarkoittaa aina 7 pivn ajanjaksoa ja viikko 1 on
vuoden ensimminen viikko johon sisltyy vhintn 4 uuden vuoden
piv. Viikon ensimminen piv on aina maanantai.
XIII-4
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HOLIDAYS
4. jakso sequence 4
B. Kaatuneiden muistopiv vietetn B. Memorial Day is celebrated
toukokuun kolmantena sunnuntaina. on the third Sunday of May.
Silloin liput ovat puolitangossa. Sillon liput on Then the flags are at half masto
A. Olen aivan ymmll siit, M oon ihan ulalla A. 1 am quite puzzled as to when
milloin Suomessa liputetaan. to fly flags in Finland.
B. Almanakasta nkyvt yleiset Allakasta nkyy B. One can see the general
liputuspi vt. flag days in the almanac.
5. jakso Sequence 5
A. Unohdin kysy, onko teill M unohdin kysyy A. 1 forgot to ask if you have
Halloween. onks Halloween.
B. Ei toki. Pahat henget ovat Eihn toki B. Oh, no: Evil spirits are moving
liikkeell kiirastorstaiyn.
Silloin -rullit- vierailevat
.. in the night of Maundy Thursday.
Then the 'trolls' are visiting
barns. But that's no fun,
navetoissa. Mutta se ei ole
hauskaa, pinvastoin.
Sensijaan laskiaistiistai on
. seioo.. on the contrary.
Shrove Tuesday, instead, is a
hauska piv. Kaikki, jotka fun day. Then alI who are able
kynnelle kykenevt, laskevat mke. kykenee go riding on the slopes
6. jakso Sequence 6
A. Onko teill erityisruokia juh- Onks teill A. Do you have special dishes on
lapivin? erityisii ruokii holidays?
...
B. Laskiaisena sydn laskiais- B. On Shrove Tuesday we have Shrove
pullia ja psiisen mmmi. Tuesday buns, and on Easter we
Vappuna taas juodaan simaa have malt-rye pudding. On May Day
tippaleipien kera. Ja jouluna
on kinkkua, lipekalaa, riisi-
...
we drink 'sima' with drop cookies.
And at Christmas there is ham,
puuroa ja joulutorttuja. lutefish, rice porridge, and
Christmas tarts.
XIII-5
Uputuspivi
VIralII. .:
Kaleval~.~ I?iv~.' sU~!1'~laisen kulttuurin piv . helmik. 28. 0
1tsenisyyspiv ; 0 jouluk. 6.
Virallisia liputuspivi ovat mys ne pivt, joina kansanedustajain vaalit toimitetaan
sek piv, jolloin tasavallan presidentti astuu toimeensa.
VakiintUneet:
R~ne bergm. ..... '..: '':
. palva 0
heI ml.
'k 5. ,
XIII-6
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CHURCH
7. jakso Sequence 7
A. Onko Suomessa valtionuskonto? Onks Suomess A. ls there a state religion in
Finland?
B. Ei ole. Heill on kaksi ns. Ei Heiilon kaks B. No. We have two so-called
valtionkirkkoa: Suomen evanke-
lisluterilainen kirkko ja orto-
00.
.. state churches: the Finnish
Evangelical-Lutheran Church and
doksinen kirkko. . the Orthodox Church.
9. jakso Sequence 9
A. Eik teill ole muita uskonto- Eiks teilloo A. Don't you have any other
kuntia lainkaan? denominations at alI?
XIII-7
~
kastetoimitus. christening
~
Kirkossa on ht, vihkitoimitus. There's a wedding at the church.
menossa konfirmaatio. confirmation
ehtoollisjumalanpalvelus. communion service
hautajaiset. funeral
~
baptistiyhdyskuntaan. Baptist church.
Kuulun helluntaiseurakuntaan. 1 belong to the Pentecostalist church.
pelastusarmeijaan. Salvation Army.
siviilirekisteriin. civil register.
vapaa-ajattelija. a freethinker.
Hn on kirkosta eronnut. He is separated from the church.
{ ateisti { an atheist.
XIII-8
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The Finnish 'Almanakka' is an interesting source of information. Study this page and talk about
what kind of information you can find.
TAMMIKUU 1987
Helsinki Jyvlbkylll Oulu Sodankylll Uu~oU
Piv Anna, oi Jeesus Aurinko Aurinko Aurinko Aurinko Aunnko
rauha ja menestysl nous. lask. nous. lask. nous. lask. nous. lask. nous. lask.
IT * Uudenvuodenpivll
Plo 121: H. - Ap.l. 4:8'12. - Lu.... 2:21.
v. 1 9.24 15.23 9.43 14.58 10.26 14.17 1\.32 13.02
1987 8T
9P
10 L
Hil~a
Vei 0, Veli, Veijo
* Loppiainen. Nyyriklti
9.19
9.18
9.17
15.35
15.37
15.39
9.36
9.35
9.33
15.12
15.14
15.16
10.14
10.12
10.10
14.35
14.38
14.41
11.04
11.00
10.56
13.37
13.42
13.47
5
syntymn 12 M Toini ~ yl. d 0 v. 8 9.14 15.43 9.30 15.21 10.05 14.4 7 10.47 13.57
13 T Nuulli 9.13 15.45 9.29 15.23 10.03 14.51 10.43 14.02
14 K Sakari, Saku 9.12 15.47 9.27 15.26 10.01 14.54 10.39 14.06
15 T Solja 0, \llnl. 0 9.10 15.49 9.25 15.28 9.58 14.57 10.35 14.11
16 P Ilmari, Ilmo 9.08 15.52 9.23 15.31 9.55 15.00 10.31 14.16
17 L Anllo. Toni. Anlon, Anlloni 9.07 15.54 9.21 15.34 9.53 15.04 10.27 14.21 11.52 12.53
18 S *
2. loppiaisen jlllk. sunn. Laura
Pl. 107: 16, 202/. - Room. 12: 616. -Joi.. 2: 111.
9.05 15.56 9.19 15.36 9.50 15.07 10.23 14.25 11.37 13.08
19 M HeiUi. Henrik, HenriUi. Henri v.4 9.03 15.59 9.17 15.39 9.4 7 15.11 10.19 14.30 11.26 13.20
20 T Henna, Henni, HenriilrJ.a 0:::: klo 17 9.02 16.01 9.15 15.4 21 9.44 15.14 10.15 14.35 11.17 13.30
21 K AUlle, Auni 9.00 16.04 9.13 15.44 9.42 15.18 10.11 14.39 11.08 13.39
'l2T Visa 11.58 16.06 9.10 15.4 7 9.39 15.21 10.07 14.44 11.00 13.47
Julkaistu suomenkielisen ensimmisen kerran 23 P Eini. Eine, Enni () 8.56 16.08 9.08 15.50 9.36 15.25 10.03 14.49 10.53 13.55
24 L Senja \1 d 11 8.54 16.11 9.06 15.53 9.33 1528 9.59 14.53 10.46 14.03
vllod"ksi 1705
25 S * 8. loppiaisen jlllk. sunn.
Paavo, Pauli, Paavali. Paul
8.52 16.14 9.03 15.56 9.30 15.32 9.55 14.58 10.40 14.10
XI II-9
XIII-IO
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Look up how your own church/denomination/faith is represented in Finland. Compare the sizes between
the established churches and other churches in Finland.
Noin 360 000 henke (jotkut muiden kuin yll mainittujen uskontokuntien jseni) kuu-
luu siviilirekisteriin.
XIII-11
HAUSKAA JOULUA
Jouluiloa
ja
Hyv Uutta Vuotta
~~ 9(Jufua,
14
Onttdti4ta Uttt4l'uo(t4.
~~~
.
r
~~'7~
USEFUL INFORMATION
diolil". jdll/ud On hyv tiet, ett:
1" Liikkeet ovat suljettuina lauantaina ja
maanantaina juhlapivn takia. Pankit,
dlYV4ti Vlulla Vllolld. posti, toimistot ja kaupat ovat kiinni.
Vain asematunnelin kaupat ovat auki.
tcirfx} A111- jft tn ltT Uudenvuoden-, joulu- ja juhannusaattona
kaupat suljetaan kello 3.
XIII-1 4
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Here is a formal dinner invitation and the requested answer. Study them and then write your own.
Kutsu
Johtaja ja rouva Matti MiettiaellA
on kunnia kutsua
Professori ja Rouva Veikko Virtanen
plivalliaelle kotiinaa
keskivUkkona elokuun 11. plivlnll983 kello 20.00
XIII-13
l
What does it tell you about birthdays and
titles in Pinland?
Sydmelliset onnittelumme
Onn.! ttelen syntympivnne johdosta.
Parhaat onnittelut hpivnne johdosta.
Onneksi olkoon
Suomalainen sananlasku
Ei niin pieni pitoja, ettei kuokkavieraita.
XrII-14
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COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to the news item on the tape and mark the box with true or false, as appropriate.
T F
1. Finland is adopting daylight-saving time (DST).
1. Mannerheim died
a) 40
b) 30 years ago.
XIII-15
XIII-16
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READING. Explain, point by point, what the situation is in the US.
Tst hyvst valtio saa mrt vuodessa neljn rukouspivn tekstit, jotka on
luettava kaikista saarnastuoleista. Kirkko puolestaan pit yll ehk maailman
parhainta vestrekisteri. Kaikkien kirkkoon kuuluvien ja siihen kuuluneiden
suomalaisten syntymaika, kaste, konfirmaatio, avioliitto, rikokset ja vielp
isorokkorokotus on tarkoin kirjoitettu ns. kirkonkirjoihin. Niiden, jotka eivt
kuulu kirkkoon, on pakko kuulua siviilirekisteriin. Kirkko pit yll mys hau-
tausmaat sek hautaa jsenens.
KEY 1. lT 2F 3F 4T 5F
2. lb 2b 3b 4a 5b
3. lT 2F 3F 4F 5T 6W
4. check the answers against the text, App. VI
XIII-17
1. Holidays
interview your teacher about Finnish holidays
describe the true American holidays, e.g., Thanksgiving, Halloween, Veterans' Day, etc.
interview a Finn on Finnish Christmas
point out sorne differences between American and Finnish Christmas customs
explain what the Fourth of July is
compare the way the Fourth of July and Finnish Independence Day are celebrated
what does this tell you about Finnish/American character?
XllI-l8
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UNIT XIII
STRUCTURAL NOTES
when to use
1. can .replace jotta so that sentence (if the subject is the same as in the main elause)
2. if the main verb expresses motion, use the 111 infinitive illative form,
'viett-mn', instead of 'viett-kse-en'
Menin toimistoon puhumaan hnen kanssaan. 1 went to the offiee to speak with hirn.
3. to express as far as, which is very common in spoken language, use the following:
Ksitt-kse-ni perceive,
Tiet-kse-ni know,
Muistaa-kse-ni huomenna on As far as 1 remember, tomorrow is the
Ymmrt-kse-ni talvisodan muisto- understand, memorial day
Luulla-kse-ni piv. know, for the Winter War.
XIII-19
3. Asiasta neuvoteltaessa ei psty While the matter was being discussed, no agreement
yksimielisyyteen. was reached.
Dow to form
Active
remove the final -a/- from the 1 infinitive
replace the -a/- with -e (if the stern of the verb ends in -e, change this to -i
add the case ending -ssa/-ss for inessive (see example 1 above)
add the case ending -n for instructive (see XIII-C) (see example 2 above)
Passive
the passive stern -tta/-tt, -ta/-t + -e + -ssa/-ss (see example 3 above)
Active Passive
anta-a to give anne-ta-an one gives
-e-ssa-ni/kun annoin while/when 1 gave -tta-e-ssa/kun annetaan while one gives
When to use
XIII-20
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XIII-C SECOND INFINITIVE INSTRUCTIVE -e-n -by doing something-
Kvin kaupassa mennen tullen. 1 went to the store (when) going and
coming. (i.e., on my way out and back)
Dow to form
When to use
1. gives an answer to the question -how/in what way,- which is often translated with -ing
2. used idiomatically
Mik laulaen "tulee, Easy come, easy go. (lit., what comes in
se vihelten menee. singing, goes out whistling)
Postitin kirjeet mennessni tyhn. = 1 mailed the letters when 1 went to work.
Postitin kirjeet, kun menin tyhn.
2. Tyhn ajettaessa satoi lunta. = While one was driving to work, it snowed.
Kun ajettiin tyhn,satoi lunta.
Active: use II infinitive inessive (see XIII-B) (see exarnple 1 on previous page)
asu-a to live itke- to ery
-e-ssa while living -i-e-ss while crying
Minun tullessani kaikki istuivat jo When 1 earne, everybody was already sitting at
pydss. -- the table.
Katsoessani Tv:t syn helposti liikaa. While watching TV, 1 easily eat too rnueh.
Passive
use the passive stern -tta/-tt, -ta/-t + -e- + -ssa/-ss (see X-C)
(see exarnple 2 on previous page)
Asiasta keskustelta-e-ssa hn oli hiljaa. While the matter was being discussed
he was quiet.
When to use
1. replaees a wwhile w elause, in whieh the aetion takes place at the sarne tirne as in the
main elause (eompare with Wafter W elause, in which the action has been eornpleted by the
time of the rnain clause, see XIII-E)
Active Tullessani tyhn nin Pekan. = While eoming to work 1 saw Pekka.
.Kun tulin tyhn, nin Pekan. When 1 eame to work 1 saw Pekka.
Passive Asiasta keskusteltaessa unohdin sanoa sen. = While the matter was being
Kun asiasta keskusteltiin, unohdin sanoa sen. diseussed, 1 forgot to say it.
2. used rnainly in literary style, but you should learn to identify it in written text while
using complete sentences in spoken language XIII-22
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XIII-E EMBEDDED SENTENCE
Vuokrattuaan talonsa mies muutti pois. = After renting his house, the man moved away.
Kun mies oli vuokrannut talonsa, hn After the man had rented his house, he
Kuultuani siit soitin heti kotiin. = After hearing about it, 1 called home immediately.
Kun olin kuullut siit, After 1 had heard
Lasten tultua kotiin lksimme uimaan. = After the children had come home, we went swimming.
Kun lapset olivat tulleet kotiin, Afterthe children had come
Dow to form
When to use
1. expresses action that has been finished by the time of the action in the main clause
(compare this to while structure XIII-D)
2. very common in written Finnish. Learn to identify it, but don't use it in spoken languaget
Note: This is a passive verb form substituting for a purely active sentence.
XIII-23
XIII-24
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FINNISH SOCIETY SUOMALAINEN YHTEISKUNTA
XIV-l
Verbs Verbej
Koulu Education
1. jakso Sequence 1
A. Mit koulua poikanne ky? tein poika A. what school does your son attend?
2. jakso Sequence 2
A. Kuinka vanhana lapset menevt . menee A. At what agedo children enter
kouluun Suomessa? . school in Finland?
..
Pekka tosin kvi esikoulua sit went to preschool for a year before
ennen jo vuoden. that.
3. jakso Sequence 3
A. Ent tyttrenne? Onko hn viel teidn tytt? A. And your daughter? Is she still in
lukiossa? Onks se senior high1
B. Ei en. Hn kirjoitti ylioppi- Ei, se B. Not any more. She graduated a year
laaksi vuosi sitten ja opiskelee
nyt yliopistossa.
... ago and now studies at the
university.
4. jakso Sequence 4
A. Mit aineita hn opiskelee? se A. What subjects does she study?
XIV-3
Yleinen oppivelvollisuus
Compulsory education
19
Yliopisto ja muut
korkeakoulut
15
12
lukio Lukio Ammattikoulu
..
ylaaste
9
Tohtorin
tutkinto
ala-aste Lisensiaatin
tutkinto
7 ikvuotta
YLIOPISTOLLINEN ARVOSANA
SUOMEN KOULUJRJESTELM
XIV-4
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FINNISH SOCIETY
Suomen hallitus Government
5. jakso sequence 5
A. Minulla oli mielenkiintoinen Mulloli A. 1 had an interesting experience
kokemus tnn. . today.
6. jakso sequence 6
A. Min sotken aina vlilliset M A. 1 always eonfuse indireet and
ja vlittmt vaalit. Mink- Mimmonen direet eleetions. What is the
lainen presidentinvaali on? t ............ presidential eleetion like?
7. jakso
A. Miten kuvaisit Suomen hallitus-
..
sa
sequenee 7
A. How would you deseribe the
jrjestelm? . Finnish system of government?
8. jakso sequence 8
A. Miten hallitus muodostetaan? Ja mitenk A. How ia the government formed7
Kuinka usein presidentinvaali toimitetaan? How often is the presidential election held?
Keskusta
Vasemmisto
XIV-6
9. jakso Sequence 9
B. Kuulitko, ett Pekka joutui Kuulit s joutu B. Did you hear that Pekka was
..
illalla kiinni rattijuoppou- caught for drunken driving
desta'? last night?
A. Eihn, min luulin, ett Maija l, m luulin A. Oh no, I thought that Maija
aJoI. Hnhn ei maistanutkaan ajo. Sehnei was driving. She didn't even
alkoholia. maistanukkaan viinaa. taste alcohol.
A. Lytyik liian paljon promil- Lytyks A. was there too much alcohol'?
leja? . (lit., were too many per milles found?)
B. Kyll ja nyt hnet haastetaan Joo ja nyt se B. Yes, and now a suit is being brought
oikeuteen. . against hirn.
XIV-7
oikeuteen. court.
Pekka haastettiin krjille. Pekka was summoned to dtstrtct court.
{ raastupaan/-rosikseen.- { dtstrict court.
~
putkaan. jaU.
Hn joutui vankilaan. He had to go to prison.
linnaan. { prtson.
istumaan/lusimaan (collog.). -sit.-
Sakkotuomion. fine.
Hn sai elinkautisen tuomion. He got a life sentence.
{ vankeustuomion. { prtson sentence.
K o R KE 1 N o 1 KE US
Supreme Court
~
Turun hovioikeus Kuopion hovioikeus
YLI 0 1 K E U D E T
higher courts, appellate courts
,~
Raastuvanoikeus Kihlakunnanoikeus
Municipal Court District/Circuit Court
A L 101 KE UD E T
lower courts
TUOMIOVALTA
judtcial power
XIV-8
..
8. What kind of differences are there
between the Finnish and American
social security systems?
B. Ja tyelkkeist ja liseduista
vastaavat ammattiYhdistykset,
sen min tiedn.
semm
.. B. And the trade unions are
responsible for pensions
and fringe benefits, that I know.
XIV-9
,
Sosiaali- ja terveysministeri
Sosiaalihallitus
I
, Lkinthallitus
Sosiaalihuolto-osasto Terveydenhuolto-osasto
t t
Elke-, sairaus-, tapa- Sosiaalihuoltoa, huoltolaitoksia, Terveydenhuoltoa, terveyden-
turma-, tyttmyys- ja sosiaaliavustuksia (ja sosiaali- ja sairaanhoidon laitoksia,
muuta sosiaalivakuutus- turvan keskusvirastoa) koskevat lkehuoltoa (ja lkinthal-
ta koskevat asiat* asiat litusta) koskevat asiat
t
'" I
Lninhallitusten sosiaali- ja terveysosastot
t
Kuntien sosiaali- ja terveyslautakunnat\
XIV-10
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Study the names of the Finnish ministries. What are the heads of the ministries called1
Opetusministeri Ympristministeri
S05iaali- ja terveysministeri Sis(asiain)ministert
Liikenneministeri Kauppa- ja teollisuusministeri
Maa- ja metstalousministeri Puolustusministeri
Valtiovarainministeri Tyvoimaministeri
Oikeusministeri
Study the names and abbreviations of the political parties. What was the biggest/smallest
party in 19831 Dow are the parties seated in Parliament1 (see next page)
200
Muut puolueet:
SKYP Suomen Kansan Yhtenisyyden Puolue
XIV-II
lla/Jitu~ / /'l'ulk
ki
~ ak O it ta ja t
l'ik i<i e" kOroke
~""eh:" V
. Puhelllieh
koroke Vi<kailliat
! 'u h e l l l '"
YleIs- V
teeri
lllPI sih
. Va""'-h.e.J
sihteeri
XIV-12
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FINNISH SOCIETY
SUOMEN KANSALLISLAULU
1. Maamme
J. L. Runeberg. Suom.
F. Pascills (1809 - 1891)
I
syn-nyin-maa! 'Soi sa-na kul-Iai-nen!
kuo-res - laan ker - ran - kin puh-ke - aa;
.J. 1 1
f > > >
dim. dim.
XIV-13
'Oikeussanastoa'
TODISTAJAN VALA
Min Pertti Artturi Virtanen lupaan ja vannon kaikkivaltiaan ja kaikki tietvn Jumalan
kautta, ett min todistan ja kerron kaiken totuuden tss asiassa siit mitn salaamatta
tai siihen mitn lismtt taikka sit muuttamatta.
TODISTAJAN VAKUUTUS
Min Mai ja Meiklinen lupaan ja vakuutan kunnian ja omantuntoni kautta, ett min
todistan ja kerron kaiken totuuden tss asiassa siit mitn salaamatta tai siihen mitn
lismtt taikka sit muuttamatta.
ASIANTUNTIJAN VALA
Min Maija Meiklinen lupaan ja vannon kaikkivaltiaan ja kaikki tietvn Jumalan kautta,
ett olen parhaan ymmrrykseni mukaan tyttv minulle annetun tehtvn.
XIV-15
Valtio Yksityiset
ELKE
nimittvt
Kansanelkelaitos Elketurvakeskus
TYTTMYYS
Tyttmyyskassojen keskuskassa
Tyttmyyskorvaukset
tyttmyyskassoihin Tyttmyysvakuutukset
kuulumattomille
----------------------------------------------~-------
----------------------------------------------
SAIRAUS
Kansanelkelaitos
Tytulovakuutus sairaanhoitovakuutus
Tykyvyttmyysvakuutus Tykyvyttmyysvakuutus
Tyttmyysvakuutus Tyttmyysvakuutus
Perhe-elke vakuutus Perhe-elkevakuutus
XIV-17
Lapsiperheiden asumistuki
Lapsivhennykset verotuksessa
Lapsenhoitotuki
Kansanelkkeen lapsikorotus
Perhelis
itiysavustus, isyysavustus
itiysrahat
Perhe-elkkeet
XIV-18
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study this page and find out how the Finnish social security system is financed.
Compare the information with what you know about your own social welfare system.
Sosiaaliturvajrjestelmn rahoitus
%
100 Joo
I'INJ 15,~ Z
80 80
'.l... n ~2,9 I
60 60
40
".y...,...,. JO 2~, 5I
20 20
o o
1960 62 64 66 6lI 70 72 7~ 1976
XIV-l9
XIV-20
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COHPREHENSION EXERCISES
1. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comment 1s true or false.
T F
1. Preschool children in Raahe have special day care.
Place where the People who are speaking Subject matter Elicited
action happens and their positions information
3. Listen. to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comment 1s true or false.
T F
1. According to the 1980 census, 6.3 % of Finland's population
were Swedish-speaking.
4. Listen to the tape and take notes under these headings. Then
compare your notes with those of the other students.
5. Listen to the tape and check the box which indicates whether the comrnent is true or false.
T F
1. Finnairia pilota will be on atrike for 24 houra.
IrI'V-22
2. The labor unions wanted to get two months' leave, but the
cabinet approved only one month.
6. During the last six months of the mother's maternity leave, the
father is allowed to stay home to take care of the baby from
one to two months.
7. Listen to the tape and decide how the Appellate Court acted in the
Suomenlahti Kone bankruptcy case. Specify the sentence under these headings:
KEY 1. lF 2T 3T 4F 5F 6T 3. lT 2F 3T 4T SF 6F
5. 1T 2T 3F 4T 5F 6T 6. lF 2F 3T 4T SF 6T
7. for exercises 2, 4, and 7, check the text in App. VI.
USEFUL INFORMATION
attorney general - oikeusministeri
secretary of agriculture and forestry - maa- ja metstalousministeri
secretary of defense - puolustusministeri
secretary of education - opetusministeri
secretary of foreign trade - ulkomaankauppaministeri
secretary of health and welfare - sosiaali- ja terveysministeri
secretary of commerce and industry - kauppa- ja teollisuusministeri
secretary of interior - sisasiainministeri
XIV-23
PUNCTION PRAC~ICBS
1. School
- interview your instructor about the school system in Finland. Brief your teacher
about the school system in your home state
- defend the American public education against an attack by a critical Finn. For
comparison, point out the weaknesses of the Finnish system
- brief your teacher about the way the American presidential elections are held
- interview your teacher about the Finnish political party system. Brief your
instructor about the American party system
- interview your teacher about the social security system in Finland. Also, brief
your teacher about the federal social welfare system in the US
- interview your teacher about the system of the health and hospital insurance
in Finland. Brief your teacher about health/hospital insurance in the US
4. Judicial system
- interview your teacher about the judicial system in Finland
XIV-24
How to form
the potential -ne- assimilatea with the consonant (see past active participle, IV-E
a) the assimilated potential markers are -lIe, -nne, -rre if the I info ends in
the assimilated form -la/-I, -na/-n, -ra/-r
XIV-25
(min) lie-ne-n 1 may be en liene 1 may not be (me) lie-ne-mme emme liene
(sin) lie-ne-t you may be et liene you may not be (te) lie-ne-tte ette liene
hn, se lie-ne-e etc. ei liene etc. he lie-ne-vt eivt liene
When to use
1. impIies that something is possible, probable, or likely
2. potential is a very literary expression that is not used in spoken language
3. in spoken language, the potential mood is replaced
4. "1 wonder i f ... " can he translated into Finnish in several ways:
How to form
the passive stern + -ne- + -en (see X-C for the passive stern) in the affirmative
'ei' + the passive stern + -ne in the negative
'olla' "to be" has a regular present passive potential: 'ol-ta-ne-en, ei ol-ta-ne'
when to use: the aarne as for present active potential (see previous page) XIV-26
Maija ei liene kuullut siit. Maija may not have heard about it.
How to form
Siit ei liene kuultu. One might not have heard about it.
Dow to form
When to use
XIV-27
* in English the indefinite subject one may also be expressed by we, you, they
** for translation, see 'tehd' above
XIV-2a
Presidentti puolisoineen oli lsn. The president and his wife were present.
Dow to form
the plural partitive stern + -ne + poss.suffix (see part. plo in eND)
change the plural marker -j- (if there is any) to -i-
vaimo-j-a wifes
vaimo-i-ne-ni with my wife(s)
in case there are two different stems for the part. pl., use the one with the strong
grade of consonant gradation
When to use
conveys the meaning that somethingtakes place in the presence of two or more things
or people which are closely associated
always used in the plural form, even when the meaning is singular
Maisteri Aro vaimoineen on matkoilla. Mr. Aro and his wife are away on a trip.
XIV-29
Tehkmme tyt Suomen hyvksi~ Let us work for the good of Finlandl
lkmme vsyk: Let us not get tiled:
How to form
1 infinitive stem + -kaamme/-kmme in the affirmative
teh-d to do
-k-mme let's do
When to use: only in high literary stylel in spoken language use the present passive 'tehdn'
(see VI-A)
Note: In the affirmative, the 3rd person imperative ealls for the total objeet in gen./aee. ease,
and not in the nom./aee. like alI other imperative fOlms.
Ostakoon itse auto~~ Let him buy a ear himself~ lkn ostako itse autoal
Ostakaa auto~ BUy a ead lk ostako autoa:
When to use: very eommon in spoken language with a eonnotation of irritation, eonsternation, ete.
XIV-JO
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XIV-I 1MPERATIVE THIRD PERSON PLURAL -let them do X, may they do X-
lkt kysyk muilta~ They should not ask the others (lit., let
them not ask the others)t
DoW to form
When to use: very common in spoken language with a connotation of irritation, consternation, etc.
At this stage you don't need to use these structures actively, but you should learn to
recognize them~
XIV-3l
Finnish forms new words by either combining two or more words into one compound word or through
derivation.
Compound words
most often, only the latter word of a compound word is inflected in case and number
Katselimme rivitaloja. We were looking at row houses.
Puhelinluettelo on kirjahyllyll. The phone book is on the bookshelf.
suomalainen Finnish
suomalais-englantilainen Finnish-English
use a hyphen when the first word ends in the same vowel as the following word begins with
oppia to learn
oppi + las pupU
opettaa to teach
opeha + ja teacher
hyv good
hyv + ksy- to accept, to approve
haava wound
haav + oitta-a to wound
haav + oitt + u-a to get wounded
App. 1-2
uskoa to believe
usko + nto religion
usko + nno + llinen religious
usko + nno + llis + uus religiousness
This book will give you only the most common derivational forms. Remember, though, that you
cannot apply these markers and endings automatically to every word and expect to come up with a new word
which really means something.
Train yourself to be able to spot the base word and separate some of the derivational markers.
Decode the meaning by deduction, even when you know only the meaning of the first one or two syllables
of any long word.
App. 1-3
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MARKER BASE WORD EXAMPLES REMARKS
Amerikka America
amerikkalainen American
Derivatives indicating the instrument with which the verbal action might be done
polkea to pedal
poljin pedal
tapahtua to happen
tapahtuma event
App. 1-4
hallita to govern
hallinto government
palauttaa to return
palaute feedback
Names for places where verb'a action ia done, or where noun ia to be found
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-mo/-m verb huoltaa to service a place where the
huoltamo gas station verb's action is done
korjata to repair
korjaamo garage
App. 1-5
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MARKER BASE WORD EXAMPLES REMARKS
Collective words
-kko/-kk noun ranta shore
-ikko/-ikk rannikko coast
aste degree
asteikko scale
kirja book
kirjasto library
Diminuti ves
-(Unen noun kirja book not very common
kirjanen little book except in last names
- Lehtinen
lehti newspaper
lehtinen leaflet
leipoa to bake
leivos pastry
ostaa to buy
ostos purchase
poiketa to deviate
poikkeus exception
App. I-6
aikoa to intend
aikomus intention
-o/- tehd to do
teko act, deed
ajaa to drive
ajo drive
puhella to chat
puhelu telephone call
palata to return
paluu return
is father
isyys fatherhood, paternity
itseks selfish
itsekkyys selfishness
App. 1-7
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ADJECT1VES FORMED THROUGH DER1VATION
kiire rush
kiireinen busy
hyty use
hydyllinen useful
------------------------------------------------------
-~--------------------------------------------
-lainen adjective mik what
participle minklainen what kind expresses likeness
noun
pronoun vastaava corresponding
vastaavanlainen equivalent
ers a, a certain
ernlainen a kind of
kaikki all
kaikenlainen every kind
halpa cheap
halpamainen mean
koko size
kokonainen whole
App. 1-8
suuri big
suuruinen of the size
leikki play
leikkis playful
ik age
iks old
vanha old
vanhahko oldish
hvit to disappear
hvitt to destroy
haava wound
haavoittaa to wound
App. 1-10
pitk long
pident to lenghten
-sta-I-st- noun arvo value
-ista-I-ist- adjeetive arvostaa to appreciate
apu help
avustaa to assist
kaunis beautiful
kaunistaa to beautify
kyd to visit
kvist to visit quickly
rohkea brave
rohkaista to encourage
opettaa to teaeh
opetella to learn
taistella to fight
kiist to deny
kiistell to argue
tyskennell to work
tehd to rnake
teett to have sornething made
rakentaa to build
rakennuttaa to have something built
auki open
aueta to open
aukenee it opens
App. 1-12
kielt to forbid
kieltyty to refuse
ADVERBIAL DERIVATIVES
Indicating place
-s alas down movement to
ulos out
App. 1-13
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MARKER BASE WORD EXAMPLES REMARKS
Indicating time
-in ilta evening instructive plo
illoin in the evenings derivative
kesinen summerlike
kesisin in the summer
ansaittu deserved
ansaitusti deservedly
paljon much
paljolti to a large degree
kilo kilogram
kiloittain by kilogram
App. 1-14
PARTICLES
App. 1-15
App. 1-16
INFINITIVES
Active I II II! IV
PARTICIPLBS
Present Paet
1 partisiippi II partisiippi
Note: * Gen. + 111 info er 111 info + pess.suff. is 'agenttipartisiippi ' (see App. 11-7).
App. lI-l
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WBEN TO USE INFINITIVES
I INFINITIVE
II INFINITIVE
Kutsuin koiraa Pekan katsoessa. I called the dog while Peter was looking.
Pesin astiat presidentin puhuessa. 1 washed the dishes while the president
was speaking.
App. II-2
2. II info + -n
tehd-e-n by doing
III INFINITIVE
3rd person sg. stern + -ma-/-m- + case ending: -ssa/-ss, -sta/-st, -an/-n, -lla/-ll,
-tta/-tt
teke-m + -ss in making
2. III info (-ma-/-m) + -ssa/-ss to emphasize the ongoing nature of the action, which in
English is usually expressed by "to be ~ing"
for the sg. : 3rd person sg. stern af a verb + -va/-v + case ending
teke-v- doing
for the pl.: 3rd person sg. stem af a verb + -vi + case ending
teke-vi- doing
Tuolla istuva tytt on ystvni. The girl sitting over there is my friend.
Nen tuolla istuvan tytn. 1 see the girl sitting there.
Pidn tuolla istuvista tytist. lIike the girls sitting OVer there.
App. II-4
Tuolla istunut tytt meni kotiin. The girl who was sitting over there went home.
En tunne tuolla istunutta tytt. 1 don't know the girl who was sitting there.
Tunsin tuolla istuneen tytn. 1 knew the girl who had been sitting there.
Tuolla istunee11a tytll oli radio. The gir1 sitting over there had a radio.
En asunut siell kauan aikaa. 1 did not live there for a long time.
Hn ei sanonut mitn. He did not say anything.
Ettek te ostaneet uutta autoa? Didn't you buy a new car?
Olen asunut siell kauan aikaa. 1 have lived there for a long time.
Me emme ole ostaneet uutta autoa. We have not bought a new car.
Hn ei ollut sanonut mitn. He had not said anything.
He olivat tulleet Lontoon kautta. They had come via London.
App. II-5
2. to express -must-
gen. + 'on' (in eorresponding tenses) + present passive partieiple
Minun on tehtv paljon tyt. I must do aIot of work.
Minun on ollut tehtv paljon tyt. I have had to work aIot.
Pekan oli kirjoitettava hnelle. = Pekka had to write hirn.
Pekan tytyi kirjoittaa hnelle. - - - - -
PAST PASSIVE PARTICIPLE
'AGBNTTIPARTISIIPPI'
for the sg. and nom. pl.: gen. + 111 info of the verb (-ma-/-m-) + ease ending,
or 111 info (-ma-/-m-) + ease ending + poss. suff.
jonkun tekem- made by somebody
teke-m-si made by ybu
for the pl.: gen. + -mi- + ease ending, or -mi- + ease ending + poss. suff.
jonkun tekemi-
App. 11-7
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Postitetuissa paketeissa oli vr osoite. The address was wrong in the mailed
packages.
Postittamissasi paketeissa oli vr osoite. The address was wrong in the packages
that you mailed.
BHBBDDBD SBNTBNCBS
presidentin tullessa ihmiset seisoivat. = when/while the President was coming, the
Kun presidentti tuli, ihmiset seisoivat. people stood.
2. action has already been completed before action in the main sentence takes place
a) past pass participle + -a/- + poss. suff.
tehty--ni after 1 have/had done
App. lI-8
Junan lhdetty palasin kotiin. After the train left 1 returned home.
presidentin puhuttua panin radion After the President had spoken, 1 turned
kiinni. off the radio.
with verbs like 'tiedn, uskon, nen, kuulen, sanon, muistan, luulen, ett '
"1 know, believe, see, hear, say, remember, presume that "
2. action is already completed before action in the main sentence takes place
a) past act. participle (-nee~) + poss. Guff.
tehnee-ns having done
App. 11-10
ACTIVB PAS8IVB
Verba ending in 1 infinitive
DietionarJ' 1st Pers. 3rd Pers. Past Past Present
'or/ll 5g. Present 5g. Past Partic1ple Present !.lli. PUtic1ple Partic1ple
1) When there are alternative plural forma, the eaae endinga are not indieated by -
2) Thla ia the aame atem aa the eaaive and poaaeaaive auffix with theae aia eaaea: Nom, Nom/Aee, Gen, Gen/Aee in the 8g., NOIII, and NoD/Aee
ln the Plo
3) Two-ayllable worda like kala, herra and ilta. The -a ehanges to -0 before the plural marker -i-
4) Two-ayllable worda: if th; final vowel i8 -i, it drops before the plural marker -i, if the vowel in the first syllable i8 -u- or -0-,
the -a- dropa in the plural
5) Alao lneludea preaent partieiple, whieh ends ln -vAI-vii
6) Alao paat paaa. partieiplea
7) One-ayllable words with a diphthong: the "three-vowel-rule"--three vowels eannot eooeeur beeause of a grammatieal operation (like plural
or paat tenae), ao the firat of the three vowels ia dropped in one-ayllable worda.
8) Inatead of the illative form mantereen of ~ , the illative form mantereeaeen from the alternative nominative mantere (type '5)
la uaed
9) Includea teehnieal worda ending in -ln
10) Includea verb derivativea which end in -maton/-mitn
11) Theae are mainly abatract nouna derived from verba
12) Theae are mainly abatract nouna derlved from adjectivea or nouna
13) Theae are ordinal numbera atarting from 3, i.e., kolmaa, neljlia, viidea,etc.
14) These are paat aetive partieiplea
15) Two-ayllable verbs with -a- - - a- in both ayllables in whieh the seeond -a ehanges to -0 before plo -i-
16) lncludes -ella/-ellli frequentative verbs
HOW TO U5B TB15 CHART Look for the ending of a word in the dictionary form. Try to match that with a word on the chart.
Often the only difference between eategoriea ia in the plural.
App. 111-2
Genitive KUpi~ hinta on halpa. possession The price of the cup is cheap.
Gen./ACc. Ostan kupi~. as a tota1 sg. object 1'11 buy a/the cup.
App. 1II-4
Note: *1n two-syllable words ending in -a/-, there is a vowel change, -a changes to -e.
**Nominals of the type 'vesi' have slight variations in the part., ess., and illat.:
'vett, veten, veteen'.
***There are some exceptional words ending in -e: 'nalle, -n, -a;
ale, -n, -a; kolme, -n, _af. Hosted for free on livelingua.com
App. 1V-l
WUICH STEM TO USE WITB VERBS
App. IV-2
passive form
in -t-a/-t- verbs (vowel + -t-a/-t-) tavata-an***
in -da/-d verbs or assimilated forms juo-daan
ol-laan
men-nn
affirmative and negative imperative
Note: *The 1 infinitive is in the complete form with its marker -a/-.
**ln -t-a/-t- -verbs, the final -t of the stern becomes -no
***Passive form 1s in the weak grade:
Active Passive
present Ein 1 learn oE,itaan one learns
past Ein 1 learnt 0Ei ttiin one learnt
cond. 0.E.E isin 1 would learn Eittaisiin one would learn
potent. 0.EE.inen 1 may learn Eittaneen one may learn
imperat. 0.E.E.ikoon let hirn learn o,Eittakoon let one learn
App. IV-3
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This is an empty page. Fill it with your own material, as you wish.
App. IV-4
A div = divisioona G
a = aari(a) dl = desilitra(a) g = gramma(a)
A ampeeri, asetus doll dollari
agr. = agronomi H
AKAVA Akateemisten ammatil- E ha hehtaari(a)
linen valtuuskunta ed. = edellinen, edell, harv. = harvinainen, harvoin
akt. = aktiivi(nen) edustaja hist. = historiallinen
alik. = alikersantti EEC = Euroopan talousyhteis HKL = Helsingin Kaupungin
amer. amerikkalainen EFTA = Euroopan vapaakauppa- Liikennelaitos
ao = asianomainen liitto hl = hyrylaiva, hehtolitra
ap = aamupivll ekon. = ekonomi H.1. = Hmeen lni
apu!. apulainen, apulais- eKr ennen Kristuksen HM hallitusmuoto
arava = asuntohallituksen syntym HOP = Helsingin Osakepankki
laina em = ennen mainittu hra = herra
arvo = arvoisa EM = Euroopan mestaruus HUK = hum.kand. = humanis-
as. = asunto, a~ema, ent. entinen tisten tieteiden kan-
asemasta epp = ennen puoltapiv didaatti
atk automaattinen tieto- erik. = erikoinen, erikoisesti huom. huomaa, huomautus
jen ksittely esim. = esimerkiksi hv = nevosvoimaa
AUK aliupseerikoulu et. = etel HYY Helsingin Yliopiston
ay = ammattiyhdistys ev. = eversti Ylioppilaskunta
ev.- evankelis-luterilainen
B lut. 1
BRD = saksan liittotasavalta ev. = everstiluutnantti il = i.l. = ilman lismaksua
btn = bruttorekisteritonni luutn. ins. = insinri
evp = erossa vakinaisesta ip = iltapivll
c palveluksesta ISO Kansainvlinen standar-
C = Celsiusta disoimisjrjest
eI senttilitra(a) F it. itinen, ilmatorjunta
cm = senttimetri() F = Fahrenhei tia
fi!. = FK = filosofian J
D kand. kandidaatti jatko = jatkoa, jatkuu
DDR = saksan demokraattinen fiL l"M = f i losof ian jhk = johonkin, johonkuhun
tasavalta maist. maisteri jk = jokin, joku
dem. demokraattinen, fiL = FL = filosofian lisen- JK = Jk = jlkikirjoitus
deminutii vi lis. siaatti jKr jlkeen Kristuksen syntymn
dipl. diplomi-insinri fi!. = FT = filosofian jksk = joksikin, joksikuksi
ins. trL tohtori jllak jollakin, jollakulla App. V-l
fr frangi(a) jllek = jollekin, jollekulle
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jltk joltakin, joltakulta
jms = ja muuta sellaista KO kihlakunnanoikeus mh = makuuhuone, myyntihinta
jne ja niin edelleen Kok. Kokoomuspuolue miel. = mieluummin
jpp = jlkeen puolenpivn komm. : kommunisti(nen) min :: minuutti(a)
jssk = jossakin, jossakussa KOO : korkein oikeus mk :: markka(a)
jst jostakin, jostakusta KOP Kansallis-Osake-Pankki mm = millimetri(),
jtk jotakin, jotakuta korpr. korpraali muun muassa
julk. ::; julkaissut, julkaisija kp .. kansanpuolue, kone- MM maailmanmestaruus
pistooli Mmk .. mmk :: miljoona markkaa
K kph = kylpyhuone mpk meripeninkulma
k ::; katu, kuoli, kuollut kpl = kappale(tta) mrd ::; miljardi(a)
kans. = kansanomainen, -sesti .kr = kruunu(a) MTV : Mainostelevisio
kapt. = kapteeni kr.kat.: kreikkalaiskatolinen murto : murteellinen
kato :: katolinen ks :: katso mv : maanvil jeli j
kd. kansandemokraatti(nen) kumpp. = kumppani(t)
ke = keskiviikko(a) N
kenr. kenraali L n. noin
Kepu Keskustapuolue 1 = litra(a), lni, NATO Pohjois-Atlantin
KERA = kehitysaluerahasto eli, lauantai, laki Puolustusliitto
kers. = kersantti la : lauantai nide nidottuna
Kesk. Keskustapuolue lehto = lehtori nim. : nimittin
kg kilogramma, kilo(a) lk. :: luokka nimim.: nimimerkki
kh kylpyhuone LK :: lket.kand. = lke- nk niin kutsuttu
KHO korkein hallinto- tieteen kandidaatti NMKY :: Nuorten Miesten Kris-
oikeus LKP Liberaalinen Kansan- tillinen Yhdistys
khra kirkkoherra puolue NNKY = Nuorten Naisten Kris-
KHT Keskuskauppakamarin LL lketieteen lisen- tillinen Yhdistys
hyvksym tilin- siaatti n:o = numero
tarkastaja luutn. ltn. = luutnantti ns : niin sanottu
kiire = kiireellinen lvv. : liikevaihtovero nti = neiti
kirjo :: kirjataan lyh. lyhenne, lyhennetty nyk. : nykyinen, nykyisin
kk kuukausi, lh. lhemmin, lhettj
kirkonkyl, kansakou- o
lu, konekivri, M OAJ = Opettajien Ammattijr-
keittokomero m .. metri(), malli jest
kko = kirkko m 2 = nelimetri oik. oikeastaan, oikealla
kl :: kevtlukukausi m3 kuutiometri 01 0.1. = oulun lni
klo :: kello ma :: maanantai om. omistaja
km .. kilometri() maist. : maisteri os. : osoite
kni kumppani(t) maj. : majuri o.s. omaa sukua
ko :: kyseess oleva ME = maailmanenntys oto = oman toimen ohella
App. V-2
The following are the texts for the comprehension exercises in each unit. Listen to the
tape first without looking at the text or reading it. This way you get the full benefit
of the comprehension exercise.
The texts may include some new words. Don't worry about that, because the purpose of the
exercise is for you to get the overall meaning first.
UNIT 1
Hearing it 1 D
Hearing it II D
'comprehension exercises
1. Open to page 11-6. Listen to the tape and identify the picture by number when you
hear the word on the tape.
App. VI-3
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UNIT II
2. True or false
3. Mik/miss?
4. True or false
App. VI-4
7. Anteeksi, olen uusi tss kaupungissa. Voitteko sanoa minulle miss posti on?
Luuletteko, ett se on auki nyt?
En, valitettavasti tnn on juhlapiv.
Voitteko sanoa, miss hotelli on?
Voin. Menk tt katua pitkin kulmaan. sitten kntyk oikealle ja menk
puiston lpi. Hotelli on puiston takana.
9. 061 aikatiedotus
1. 12.30 ja 10 5. 16.15 ja 30
2. 2.19 ja 40 6. 21.25 ja 10
3. 18.04 ja 50 7. 9.19 ja 20
4. 9.01 8. 17.28 ja 5
UNIT III
Hearing it 1 0 Hearing it II 0
1. Mit saisi olla, herra virtanen? 1. Olkaa hyv ja kyk pytn, kahvi on pydss.
2. Mit te joisitte, rouva virtanen? 2. Voi, miten kaunis paisti:
3. saisinko jotain kylm, vaikka vett? 3. Haluaisitteko maistaa uusia perunoita ja silli?
4. Lasi vichyvett, kiitos. 4. Saisinko maistaa lanttulaatikkoa?
5. Tee on pydss. 5. se maistuu aika erikoiselta.
6. Kiitos min en juo teet. 6. Saako olla olutta?
7. Joisitteko mieluummin kahvia? 7. Tss on jonkinlaista kaljaa.
8. saanko tarjota pikkulmpimi? 8. saisinko polttaa?
9. oletteko maistanut pullaa? 9. Tietysti, polttakaa vain.
10. Kiitos, sin jo sit. 10. Voi, miten kaunis tuhkakuppi:
App. VI-6
5. 1 version II version
A. olkaa hyv ja kysyk herra Virtaselta, A. Olkaa hyv ja kysyk herra Virtaselta,
mit hn haluaa. mit hn haluaa.
B. Mit te haluatte, herra virtanen? B. - - - - - - - - -
c. - - - - - - - - - - - c. Min haluaisin kahvia.
B. Herra Virtanen haluaa kahvia. B. - - - - - - - - - - -
A. Kysyk viel, kyttk hn sokeria ja A. Kysyk viel, kyttk hn sokeria ja
kermaa. kermaa.
B. Kytttek te sokeria ja kermaa? B. - - - - - - - -
c. - - - - - - - - - - - C. Kiitos, sokeria mutta en kermaa.
B. Hn kytt sokeria, mutta ei kermaa. B. - - - - - - - - -
A. Ent mit te itse haluatte? A. Ent mit te itse haluatte?
B. Min haluaisin teet. B. - - - - -
App. VI-7
Hearing it 1 D Hearing it II D
Comprehension exercises
2. Tnn oli ikv ilma. Satoi lunta ja liikennekin sujui hitaasti. piv oli oikein pitk.
Lhdin kouluun kahdeksalta aamulla ja tulin kotiin vasta kuudelta illalla. Simme pivl-
list puoli seitsemlt. sitten kuuntelin uutiset radiosta, luin iltalehden ja katselin
vhn televisiota. Ystvni soitti Kansasista ja puhuimme uutisista, ilmasta ja koulusta.
Kello on jo yksitoista ja minua vsytt. Nyt menen nukkumaan.
App. VI-8
App. VI-9
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UNIT IV
4. uutiset ja s
Yhdysvaltain presidentti tuli eilen camp navidist. Hn ja hnen perheens ovat olleet
lomalla lauantaista tiistaihin. Eilen presidentti tapasi Suomen Yhdysvaltain uuden
suurlhettiln Valkoisessa Talossa. Iranissa on taas tapahtunut vallankumous. Iranin
radion mukaan maan uusi johtaja puhuu huomenna televisiossa. Washingtonissa tapahtui
eilen tulivuorenpurkaus, joka oli jo toinen tss kuussa. stiedotus: Huomenna kau-
nista ja poutaa. Ylihuomenna kaunista mutta kylm.
App. VI-IO
1. Valuuttakurssit 13/10
2. 013 Nimit.iedot.us
a) B. Nimet.
A. Kenell on numero 2691901
B. Sen omist.aa Pekka Koivunen. Osoit.e on Tlnkat.u 28 A.
b) B. Nimet.
A. Kenell on numero 6267001
B. Sen omist.aa Kalle Virt.anen. Osoit.e on Tarkk'ampujankat.u 82 c.
c) B. Nimet.
A. Kenell on numero 6825261
B. Sen omist.aa Ville Jokinen. Osoit.e on Jrvenp, Haarajoki.
d) B. Nimet.
A. Kenell on numero 3268051
B. Sen omist.aa Tuomas Ket.t.unen. Osoit.e on Papinkuja 4 A.
3. 012 Numerot.iedotus
a) B. Numerot.
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Niilo Nikkasella1
B. Nikkanen ja mik oli et.unimi ja osoit.e?
A. Niilo ja osoit.e on Pakilant.ie 2 D.
B. Numero on 495636.
A. Kiit.os, kiit.os.
App. VI-l1
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UNIT V
b) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Matti Juntusella?
B. Juntunen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Matti ja osoite on pskyntie 6 B.
B. Numero on 864195.
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
c) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Onni Kolehmaisella?
B. Kolehmainen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Onni ja osoite on Vuosaarentie 16 B.
B. Numero on 968056
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
d) B. Numerot
A. Mik puhelinnumero on Kaisa Vyrysell?
B. Vyrynen ja mik oli etunimi ja osoite?
A. Kaisa ja osoite on Tlnkatu 18 B 2.
B. Hetkinen vain. Numero on 478564.
A. Kiitos, kiitos.
App. VI-12
App. VI-13
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UNIT VI
1. A. Etsittek jotain?
B. Nytt silt, ett olen jttnyt yhden paketin kauppaan. Miss teill on
lyttavarat?
A. Muiden hommieni ohella pidn huolta mys lyttavaroista. Mink kokoinen
pakettinne oli ja mit se sislsi?
B. se oli noin kirjan kokoinen ja ruskea ja siin oli ksineet.
A. Mitn sellaista ei ole tuotu. Mutta jos jttte nimenne ja puhelinnumeronne
meille, ilmoitamme teille, jos se ilmestyy tnne.
App. VI-14
UNIT VII
App. VI-15
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2. C. Mit tapahtui sunnuntaina?
B. Halusimme kyd New yorkissa, mutta automme meni rikki Baltimoressa.
C. sep ikv. Mit teitte sitten?
B. Koska oli sunnuntai, kaikki korjaamot olivat kiinni.
A. Olimme yt hotellissa ja tulimme takaisin washingtoniin tn aamuna.
C. Miss auto nyt on?
B. se on edelleen Baltimoressa, ja se on valmis vasta viikon pst.
A. Sill vlin meidn tytyy kytt bussia.
UNIT VIII
1. Telepalvelu
A. shksanomain vastaanotto 021.
App. VI-16
A. Kyll. Silloin sanoja on 16, eli se maksaa 32 mk. Laskutamme puhelinlaskun yhteydess.
App. VI-17
Hosted for free on livelingua.com
UNIT VIII
4. A. Mits s pidt mun uudesta Mossesta? Eiks ookin paljon kauniimpi kuin mun
vanha?
B. Joo, on se. Mut kyll mun Volkkari on aina parempi. se on nopeampi ja tyy-
likkmpi kuin Mosse.
B. Emm tied. Yleens asia on niin, ett mit halvempi auto sen huonompi se on.
UNIT IX
A. NO, sitten minun tytyy ostaa istumapaikkaliput. Haluaisin ostaa kaksi lippua.
Yksi lippu Helsingist ja toinen Riihimelt lhtien. Haluaisin kaksi ikkuna-
paikkaa vastakkain.
B. Kyll. Matkaliput tekevt 150 mk, istumapaikkaliput 15 mk lis. Yhteens 165 mk.
App. VI-18
B. Nyt nytt silt, ett meidn on pakko kuitenkin vuokrata huone, halusimmepa
tai ei. App. VI-19
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UNIT IX
4. A. Miksi tll on n11n pime?
B. Valot ovat juuri sammuneet, ja min etsin katkaisijaa.
A. Luulen ett se on tss, miss min olen, ikkunan vieress.
B. En usko, ett se on siin. Se on varmasti tuolla oven lhell.
A. Voitko kvell sielt, miss nyt olet, sinne miss katkaisi jan pitisi olla?
B. Nyt olen tss oven vieress, mutta en lyd katkaisijaa. Tule tnne auttamaan.
A. Olisi parempi, jos sin tulisit tnne. Mutta varo. Siin vlill on pyt.
B. Mutta luulin, ett panit pydn tuohon nurkkaan.
A. Se oli siin viime viikolla, mutta siirsin sen.
5. Kuulutuksia asemalla:
a) Erikoispikajuna numero 84 Kontiomelle Kouvolan kautta lhtee laiturilta 9.
b) Erikoispikajuna numero 8 Joensuusta saapuu raiteelle 14.
c) Pikajuna numero 24 Lappeenrannasta ja Vainikkalasta on myhss 40 minuuttia.
Sen odotetaan saapuvan raiteelle 1 kello 9.30.
d) Laivapikajuna Helsingist saapuu raiteelle 1 A. Juna jatkaa edelleen Turun
satamaan.
e) Ylimrinen juna numero 69 Rovaniemelt on myhss 15 minuuttia.
Pieni nyttm:
lauantaina klo 19 Kultalampi
sunnuntaina klo 14 Idiootti
Willensauna:
lauantaina klo 13 Mestaritontun seikkailut
sunnuntaina klo 14.30 Meren nainen
UNIT X
SCENE II
A. sairaanhoitaja~ Me olemme odottaneet jo kaksi tuntia. Eik ole jo meidn vuoro]
B. Me voimme valmistaa ystvnne nyt rntgeniin. ottakaa tm lippu ja menk
rntgenosastolle.
SCENE 111
A. Tohtori, mik kdess on vikana]
C. Ksivarsi on poikki kyynrpn lhelt. se tytyy leikata ja siihen pannaan ters-
naula, joka pit luut paikallaan. Teidn ystvnne tytyy jd sairaalaan odot-
tamaan leikkausta.
A. No, jo on aikakin. Olemme odottaneet jo nelj tuntia.
App. VI-22
UNIT XI
A. Ilmatieteen laitoksen stiedotus lauantaina kello 12.
Voimakas ja hyvin lauha lounainen ilmavirtaus on levinnyt yn aikana maahamme.
Skandinaviassa oleva sadealue liikkuu mys nopeasti itn. sade tulee veten
Etel-Suomessa ja lumena tai rntn Pohjois-suomessa. Lounaan ja lnnen vliset
tuulet voimistuvat koviksi tai myrskyisiksi merialueilla.
D. stiedotus merenkulkijoille:
App. VI-24
F. s illalla
Helsingiss pivn ylin lmptila 14 astetta, alin lmptila 10 astetta. Selkenev,
kaakkois tuulta 8 metri sekunnissa. sateen todennkisyys 80 prosenttia. Turussa ylin
lmptila 13 astetta, alin lmptila 9 astetta. Selkenev, ittuulta 7 metri sekunnissa.
Sateen todennkisyys 80 prosenttia. Tampereella pivn ylin lmptila 15 astetta, alin
lmptila 6 astetta. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, kaakkoistuulta 4 metri sekunnissa. sadekuu-
rojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. Vaasassa pivn ylin lmptila vaihtelee
neljntoista ja viiden asteen vlill. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, tuuli etelss 2 metri
sekunnissa, sadekuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. oulun pivlmptila
kahdentoista ja viiden asteen vlill. Vaihtelevaa pilvisyytt, lounaistuulta 5 metri
sekunnissa. Savonlinnassa ylin lmptila 14, alin 10 astetta. puolipilvist, kaakkoistuulta
5 metri sekunnissa. Ukkoskuurojen esiintymistodennkisyys 40 prosenttia. Kuopiossa lmp-
tila vaihtelee neljntoista ja kymmenen asteen vlill, puolipilvist, eteltuulta 4 metri
sekunnissa, ukkoskuurojen todennkisyys 40 prosenttia.
UNIT XII
App. VI-25
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UNIT XII
App. VI-26
App. VI-27
App. VI-28
4. Kaamos on kohta ohi. Viel tmn pivn aurinko piileskelee utsjoella, mutta
huomenna pari kuukautta kestnyt kaamos pttyy. Kovin pitkn auringosta ei
silti viel lhipivin utsjoella iloita: huomenna se nousee kello 12.01 ja
laskee runsaan puolen tunnin kuluttua kello 12.43. Helsingiss aurinko on huo-
menna taivaanrannan ylpuolella yli kuusi tuntia. Pivien pidetess on ennen
pitk edess Lapin ytn y. utsjoella se alkaa 17. toukokuuta, jolloin aurinko
ei noustuaan en pitkn aikaan laske. Tn vuonna kyttn otettava kesaika
merkitsee utsjoella todellista kesaikaa, sill piviss mitaten kesyn aurin-
koa on vuorokausi enemmn kuin muuten. Normaalisti aurinko laskisi ensi kerran
27. 7. kello 23.44, mutta kun kelloja on silloin siirretty tunnilla eteenpin,
aurinko laskeekin vasta 28.7. kello 0.44.
UNIT XIV
3. vri ennusteita
Henkikirjoituksen yhteydess 1970- ja 1980-lukujen taitteessa suoritetun kieli-
rekisterinnin mukaan suomenruotsalaisia on 301 544 eli 6,3 prosenttia Suomen
koko vestst. Ruotsinkielisten todellinen mr on siis selvsti korkeampi kuin
1970-luvun puolivliss tehdyt ennusteet lupasivat. Lienee perusteltua vet va-
rovainen joskin optimistinen johtopts, ett suomenruotsalaisten mr on ta-
soittumassa 300 OOO:een.
On mielenkiintoista panna merkille, ett vuonna 1980 oli Suomessa 65 ruotsin-
kielist tai kaksikielist kuntaa. Niiss asui noin 1,3 miljoonaa ihmist, joista
suomenruotsalaisia oli noin 22 prosenttia. Suomenruotsalaisten koko mrst 55
prosenttia el kielellisen enemmistn kotipaikkakunnallaan. Tilastolliset
havainnot osoittavat, ett puheet kuolevasta vhemmistst ovat perttmi. Elm
sykkii ruotsinkielisill seuduilla lhes yht voimakkaana kuin 1970-luvulla.
Huolimatta siit, ett nyt julkaistu tilastollinen raportti antaa aiheen varovai-
seen optimismiin, se paljastaa samalla erit tulevaisuuden kannalta vakaviakin
epkohtia.
App. VI-30
App. VI-31
App. VI-32
App. VII-2
. \
Time expressions
Answering the question
'milloin, koska' -when- IV-K
Dow to express -for- V-B
App. VII-4
This glossary is qesigned to serVe the needs of users of conversational Finnish. It includes alI the
words in units I-XIV. It does not necessarily list alI the words of the texts on tape or those of
the supplementary readings. Words arepresented in Finnish alphabetical order and in the form that
they appear in the text. The English translation generally is that of the basic form, i.e., the
dictionary form, and it has often been simplified and limited to contextual meaning of the word.
currently available Finnish-English dictionaries are better suited for use by native Finnish speakers
than by students of Finnish. ,unless the user is familiar with the.structure of Finnish, it is almost
impossible for him/her to use most dictionaries effectively. The system of listing inflected forms
as well as the basic form hae been found to facilitate use by learners. This glossary uses a system
adapted from one developed by Dr. Robert Austerlitz in his Finnish Reader and Glossary (Indiana
University press, 1966, Bloomington, Indiana).
Large numbers of Finnish words are-derived- from basic roots. This type of word formation is very
common in Finnish. The -derivational elements- that the language uses are also given in this
glossary using a system that ia similar to that in Jouko Vesikansa's book, Johdokset (Porvoo, WSOY,
1977). However, we have not strictly followed his division of derivations, since our emphasis is on
practical guidance to help students understand the structure and meaning of Finnish words.
G-i
*ln compound words, cf. refers to the second word of the compound.
G-ii
p plural
tyt-t pN (p1ura1 nominative) gir1s
1-14 a number right after the word refers to the unit in the book where it occurs for
the first time
G-iii
interrog. interrogative
abbr. abbreviation intr. intransitive
abstr. abstract lit. literally
act. active voice mi!. military
adj. adjective neg. negative
adv. adverb p plural
arch. archaic pass. passive voice
ct. compare past past tense, past
colloq. colloquial pcp. participle
compar. comparative perso person
cond. conditional poet. poetical
conj. conjunction poss. sutf. possessive suttix
dial. dialect(al) postpos. postposition
dim. diminutive pot. potential mood
emph. emphatic prepos. preposition
fig. figurative pres. present
toll. by tolloweQ by pron. pronoun
hume humorous relat. relative pronoun
imperat. imperative s singular
indecl. indeclinable sl. slang
indet. indefinite superl. superlative
int. infinitive tr. transitive
vb. verb
A accusative Ad adessive
N nominative AbI ablative
N/A nominative/accusative AI allative
P partitive E essive
G genitive T translative
G/A genitive/accusative Instr. instructive
In inessive Abess. abessive
El elative Comit. comitative
Il illative
G-iv
what is indicated
L Nominals:
nouns are segmented into stern, number, case ending, possessive suffix, and particle(s)
Iran-i-ssa
adj. and relat. pron. have been indicated for the sake of clarity only
2. Verbs:
in the active voice, the inflected verbs are segmented by mood, tense, person,
participles and particle(s)
in the passive voice, the passive marker and the indefinite personaI ending are
segmented together, except in the conditional and the potential
G-v
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infinitive and participle forms are indicated
transitive and intransitive (tr., intr.) have been indicated for the sake of clarity only
tule-n sl 1 come
kirja book
DERIVATIONS
usually derivational morphemea have not been indicated if the base word ia a
loan word, archaic, or unknown
etel south
aurinko sun
ikkuna window
G-vi
COMPOUND WORDS
the endings and derivational morphemea are generally indicated only in the second
word
other ending have also been separated in the first word, especially
in numerals
kolme-lle+toista Al to thirteen
PARTICLES
-han/-hn
-ka/-k
-kaan/-kn have been indicated withthe symbol - even though
-ko/-k they are uninflected additions
-pa/-p
-s
POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES
aalto 11 wave
aam=iainen 5 breakfast (early luneh)
aam=iais-ta 5 P (ef. aamiainen) breakfast
aamu 2 morning
aamu+kahvi-t 8 pN morning eoffee
aamu+lehti 2 morning paper
aamu-1la 2 Ad in the morning
aamu+takki 6 dressing gown, bathrobe
Aasia 12 Asia
aatto 13 eve
AB 8 abbr. for aktiebolaget (Swedish) Ine.
adressi-t 7 pN address, petition
Adventti+kirkko 13 Adventist eongregation
ahkera 1 industrious
ahta=utu=ma 11 ahdas) paek ice
ahven 7 perch
ahven-i-a 7 pP pereh
Ahvenan+maa-ta 14 P Ahvenanmaa, land
ai 2 ohI
aie-mma-n 13 G eompar. (ef. aiempi; <aika) earlier
aihe-i-sta pEl about topies/subjects/occasions
aihe=utta-a 8 I to cause
aihe=utu-neet 8 past aet. pep. (ef. aiheutua) be caused
aihe=utu-ne-i-sta 14 past aet. pep. pEl be eaused (things whieh are caused (by
(eL aiheutua)
aika 2 time
aika 3 adv. rather
aika-a 2 P time
aika-an 2 11 . (into) time
aika=ise-mm-i-n 2 eompar. plnstr. earlier
(ef. aikaisempi)
aika+kaus+lehti 2 magazine, periodical
aika-na 6 E (G+) postpos. during
aika+taulu 2 timetable
aika+taulu+neuvo=nta 9 timetable information
G-l
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aika+tied=ot=us 5 N telephone time serviee (lit., time notitieation)
aiko-a 4 1 to intend
aiko-i -na 13 pE (et. aika) times
aiko-jen 13 pG (et. aika) times
aiko-o 5 s3 (et. aikoa) intends
aik=uinen 10 adult
aik=uise-t 7 pN (et. aikuinen) adults
aik=uis-i-l1a 13 pAd (et. aikuinen) adults
aik=uis-i-l1e 2 pAl (et. aikuinen) tor the adults
aik=uis-ten 4 pG (et. aikuinen) adult
aina 4 always
aine 14 subjeet, essay
aine-i-ta 8 pP (et. aine) material, stuff
ainee-na 13 E (et. aine) subjeet, essay, material
ainoa-n 6 G adj. the only one
aio-mme 10 p1 (et. aikoa) we intend
aio-n 8 81 (et. aikoa) 1 intend
aio-t-ko 10 s2 (ef. aikoa) do you intend?
aio-tte 5 p2 (et. aikoa) you intend
aio-tte-ko 4 p2 (et. aikoa) do you intend
aio-tte-ks = aiotteko 4 eolloq. do you intend
aita+juoks=u 10 hurdles
ait=io 9 box (in theater)
ait=io-sta 9 El trom the box
aivan 7 adv. quite
aja' 6 imperat. 82 (eL ajaa) drive
aja-a 4 1 to drive
aja-isi-t 8 eond. 52 (et. ajaa) you would drive
aja-ksi 9 T (ef. aika) tor a time
aja-n 4 sl (ef. ajaa) 1 drive
aja-n+jakso 13 period, era
aja-n+jak50-a 13 P period, era
aja-n+kohta=inen 2 eurrent, timely
aja-n+tila=us 6 appointment
aja-nut 8 past ~et. pcp. (et. ajaa) driven
aja-t 13 pN (et. aika) times
ajat=el-la 4 1 to think
G-2
G-3
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ali+oike=ude-t 14 pN lower courts
alko 6 abbr. for alkaen starting from
alka-a 2 1 to begin, start
alka-e-n 5 II Instr. (ef. alkaa) beginning, starting
alka-nut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. alkaa) began
alkoholi 3 aleohol
alkoholi-a 3 P aleohol
alkoholi+juom-i-en 5 pG (ef. juoma) alcoholic beverages
alkoholi-sta 5 El for aleoholj from/about aleohol
alkoholi=ton 3 nonaleoholic
alkoholi=too-ta 3 P nona! eoho Ii e
alku+pala-t 3 pN appetizer
alku+ruoka-a 5 P appetizer
alku+ruok-i-a 5 pP (ef. ruoka) appetizers
alla+ole-va-t 7 pres. aet. pep. pN (ef. olla) those below
alle 7 adv. postpos. under
alle+kirj=oitta-ma-an 9 111 II to sign
(ef. kirjoittaa)
alle+kirj=oit=us 8 signature
allerg=inen 3 allergie
almanakka 12 almanae
al=oitt-i 6 past s3 tr. (ef. aloittaa) began
al=uee-lta 9 AbI (ef. alue) from the area
al=u-ksi 11 T (ef. alku) to begin with
al=u-ssa 10 In (ef. alku) in the beginning
alus+vaattee-t 6 pN (ef. vaate) underwear
Amerika-ssa 1 10 (ef. Amerikka) in Ameriea
Amerikka 1 Ameriea
Amerikka-a 1 P
Amerikka-an 7 II to America
amerikka=lainen 4 American
amerikka=laise-t 6 pN (ef. amerikkalainen) Amerieans
amerikka=lais-ta 6 P adj. Ameriean
(ef. amerikkalainen)
ammatti+koulu 14 trade school, vocational school
ammatti+oppi+lait=os 6 trade school, vocational school
ammatti+tait=o-a 6 P craftsmanship, professional skill
ammatti+yhd=ist=ys 14 trade union
G-4
G-S
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arkki+piispa 13 archbishop .
arkkitehti 12 arehitect
arkkitehtuuri 12 architeeture
armah=d=uks-i-a 14 pP (ei. armahdus) pardon, amnesty
armeija 1 military iorees
armeija-ssa 1 ln in the military
arva=a-pa-5 10 imperat. 52 (ef. arvata) guessl
arv=ele-t 4 52 (ei. arvella) think
arv=i=oi-minen 12 IV (ei. arvioida) appraisal, evaluation
arvo+esine-i-st 5 pEI valuables
arv=oit=us 10 riddle
arvo+paperi 5 N stoek
arvo+sana 14 degree, grade
arvo-ssa 7 ln in value
arvo=st=el=u 9 criticism, review
arvo=st=el=u-t 9 pN reviews, eritique
ase-i-sta 6 pEI from arms
asema 12 position, station
asema+tunneli-n 13 G railway station tunnel
ase=ta 5 imperat. s2 (ei. asettaa) to place
asetta-a (paikoilleen) 10 1 to set
aset=us 14 ordinance
asia 2 errand, matter, aifair
asia-a 2 P matter, errands
asia=kas 6 client
asia=kkaa-n 6 G (ei. asiakas) client
asia=kkaa-ni 6 poss. suii. (ei. asiakas) my elient
asia=kka-i-den 6 pG (ef. asiakas) clients
asia=kka-i-sta-nne 6.pEI poss.suii. your elients
( ei. as i aka s )
asia-n+aja=ja 14 attorney
asia-n+oma=ise-Ile 6 AI adj. in question
(ei. asianomainen)
asia-sta 1 El 4 from the matter, subject
asio-i-ta 10 pP (ei. asia) matters
aste 2 grade, degree
astee-n 11 G (ef. aste) degree
aste=iko-n 12 G (cf. asteikko) (graduated) seale
G-6
G-7
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auto+huolto+asem-i-a 7 pP ear serviee station
auto=ile-va 13 pres. aet. pep. (ef. autoilla) driving
auto-i-sta 6 pEl
auto-j-a 6 pP ears
auto+juna 9 auto-train
auto+korja=a=mo-j-a 7 pP ear repair shops
auto+lautta 8 ear ferry
auto+liikk=e-i-t 7 pP (ef. liike) ear dealers
Auto+liitto r.y. 8 automobile club
auto-lla Ad 4 by ear
auto-lla-ko 4 Ad by ear?
auto-lle 6 Al to the ear
auto-nsa 4 poss. suff. her ear
auto+poruka-ssa 4 In (ef. porukka) in a earpool
auto+porukka 4 earpool
auto+:rata 6 ear traek (i.e.,primitive road)
auto-sta 4 El ear
auto+talli 9 garage
auto+turma 4 ear aeeident
auto+vak=uut=ukse-n 9 G (et. vakuutus) ear insuranee
avaa 8 imperat. s2 (eL avata) to open
ava=a-ma-an 3 111 II (cf. avata) to open
ava=in 5 key
avar=uus 12 spaee
avas-i 6 past s3 (ef. avata) opened
avat=a 2 1 to open
avat-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (et. avata) open
avat-tu 10 past pass. pep. (et. avata) opened
ava=utu-u 7 s3 intr. (ef. avautua) opens
avio+liito-n 10 G (ef. liitto) marriage
avio+liitto 10 marriage
avo=im-i-a 7 pP (ef. avoin) open
avo=in-na 5 E adv. open
avo+liito-ssa 10 In (ef. liitto) in an open marriage
avo+liitto 10 open marriage
avo=naise-ssa 7 In adj. (ef. avonainen) (in an) open
avo+takka 9 fireplaee (open)
avo+tav=u 2 open syllable
G-8
baari 5 bar
Bahai-yhdys+kunta 14 Bahai cOUDllunity
banaane-j-a 7 pP (ef. banaani) bananas
banaani 7 banana
baptisti 13 baptist
Baptisti + yhdys+kunta 14 Baptist Church
basso 9 bass(o)
bensa+asema (ef. bensiini+) 7 gas station
bensa+asema-lla 7 Ad at the gas station
bensiini 7 gasoline
bussi 2 bus
bussi-a 10 P bus
bussi-in 10 11 onto the bus
bussi+lippu 7 bus tieket
bussi-lla 4 Ad by bus
bussi-ssa 7 In in the bus
bussi-sta 7 El from the bus
bysantti=lais-ta 12 P (ef. bysanttilainen) Byzantine
(C)
demokraatti=nen 14 demoeratie
desi+litra 7 1/10 of a liter, approx. 1/2 cup
desi+litra-n 7 G deciliter
dieetti 10 diet
diplomaatti 1 diplomat
diplomaatti+kunta 1 diplomatic eorps
G-9
G-IO
G-ll
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emm = en min 4 neg. eolloq. 1 don't (didn't)
em=nt 3 hostess
e-n 1 sl neg. verb 1 don't
ene-mm=ist 14 majority
ene-mp- 12 P eompar. (ef. enemmn) more
englanni-ksi 2 T (ef. englanti) in English
englanni-n 2 G (et. englanti) English
englanni-n+kiel=is-i- 1 pP (et. kielinen) English-speaking people
englanni-sta 4 El (ef. englanti) (from/about) English (England)
Englanti 1 England
englanti-a 4 P English
englanti=lainen 1 adj. English
en-imm-kse-en 11 superl. T poss. suff. mostly, for the most part
(ef. enin)
enintn 7 adv. maximum, at the most
enna=kko 14 an advanee
ennakko+luulo=ttoma=sti 12 without prejudice
ennen 5 preposit.(+P) before
ennen+kuin '3 eonj. betore
ennuste-ttiin 11 past pass. (et. ennustaa) foretold, foreeasted
ennusta-a 11'1 to prediet
eno 10 maternal unele
ensi 4 next
ensi+apu+asema 8 first-aid station
ensi-ksi 4 T at first
ens=imminen 1 the first
ens=immise-ll 7 Ad (ef. ensimminen) first [Adess.]
ens=immise-It 9 AbI (ef. ensimminen) (from the) first
ens=immise-n 7 G (ef. ensimminen) first
ens=immise-n 14 E (ef. ensimminen) as the first
ens=immise-ss 9 In (ef. ensimminen) (in the) first
ens=immise-t 6 pN adj (ef. ensimminen) first
ens=immis-t 7 P (ef. ensimminen) first
ensin 3 adv. first
ensi+sija=ise=sti 10 primarily
ent. 13 abbr. tor entinen former
ent l' what about
ent-s 1 emph. what
G-12
G-14
(F)
(G)
generaattori 7 generator
generaattori-ssa 7 In in the generator
gini 3 gin
gini- 3 P gin
grafHkka-a 9 P graphics
g:lta 7 abbr. for gramma-lta per gram
graavi+lohi 5 salted salmon
gramma 7 gram
greippi 7 grapefruit
(H)
G-15
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haarukka 3 tork
haasta-a oike=ute-en 14 1 11 to sue a person tor something
haaste-taan 14 pres.pass. (et. haastaa) is sued
haaste-ttiin 14 past pass.(et. haastaa) was sued, summoned
haava-t 10 pN wounds
hais-i 9 past s3 (et. haista) intr. smel1ed
haj=ot=utta-a 14 1 to have dispersed, dissolved
haju-a 9 P smel1
Haka+nieme-n 7 G (et. niemi) proper name
hake-a 9 1 to teteh
hake-ma-an 9 111 II (hakea) to feteh
halk=aisi=ja-sta 12 El diameter
halla 11 killing trost in summer
halle-i-hin 10 pII (et. halli) to the halls
hal1into+el=ime-t 14 pN (cf. elin) administrative organ
hallit=ukse-n 14 G (et. hallitus) government, eabinet
hallit=us 14 government, eabinet
hallitus+jrje=st=el=m 14 system ot government
hallitus+neuvo=s 13 honorary title tor an administrator
haloo 5 hello (on the phone)
halpa 6 cheap
halua 4 neg.stem (et. haluta) does not want
halua-a 2 53 (et. haluta) wants
halua-isi-n 3 condit. 81 (et. haluta) 1 would like
halua-isi-tte 3 cond. p2 (et. haluta) you would like
halua-isi-tte-ko 3 cond. p2 (et. haluta) would you like, want
halua-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. haluta) do you like, want
halu=kas 9 willing
halut=a 2 1 to want
halu-taan 9 pres. pass. one want5
halva-lla 5 Ad (et. halpa) eheaply
halva=us 10 stroke, paralysis
halve=mma-ksi 8 eompar.T (et. palvempi) cheaper
hame 6 skirt
hame-tta 6 P skirt
hammas 10 tooth
hammas+lkri 10 dentist
hammas+lkri-ss 10 In at the'dentist
hammas+srk=y 10 srke) toothaehe
G-16
G-17
G-19
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hiihto+maja-t 9 pN ski lodge, eabin, hut
hiihto+matka 9 ski trip
hiihto+matka-n 9 G ski trip
hiihto+puku 6 ski outfit
hiiht -mise-en 10 IV II (ef. hiiht) for skiing
hiiht-mise-n 10 IV G (ef. hiiht) skiing
hiiht-mis-t 10 IV P (ef. hiiht) skiing
hiiht- 10 1 to ski
hiippa+kunta 3 dioeese
hiko=il-laan 8 pres. pass. (ef. hikoilla) one sweats
hilja-a 2 P quiet(1y)
hilja=inen viikko 13 Holy Week
hilja=is-ta 13 P (ef. hiljainen) quiet
hilja=is=uus 2 silenee
hilli-tty 1 past pass. pep. (ef. hillit) self-eontrol1ed
himo+leip=o=ja 7 a person who is erazy about baking
hinaus+auto 7 tow-truek
hinaus+auto-j-a 7 pP tow trueks
hinaus+auto-n 7 G tow truek
hinta 4 price
hinta-an 5 11 price
hio=sta-va 11 pres. aet. pep. (ef. hiostaa) muggy
hirmu+myrsky 11 hurrieane
hissi 2 elevator
hissi- 2 P elevator
historia=llinen 12 historieal
hitaa-mm-i-n 2 eompar. plnstr. adv. hidas) more slowly
hitaa-sta 6 El (ef. hidas) slow
hiukan 10 adv. a little
hiukse-ni 6 poss. suff. (ef. hius) my hair
hiukse-t 6 pN (ef. hius) (head of) hair
hius 6 (head of) hair
hius+harja 6 hair brush
hius+harjo-j-a 6 pP (ef. harja) hair brushes
hius+lis-i- 6 pP (ef. lis) toupees
hius+vesi 6 hair tonic
hius+ve-tt 6 P (ef. vesi) hair tonie
hius+void=e 6 hair eream
G-20
G-21
G-22
G-23
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hlkk 10 jogging
hlkk- 10 P jogging
hlkk=-minen 10 IV (ef. hlkt) jogging
hlkk=-mis-t 10 IV P (ef. hlkt) jogging
hlkk=-m-n 10 111 IL (ef. hlkt) to jog
hlkt= 10 1 to jog
hyry 8 steam
(1)
idealist=inen 1 idealistie
ide-mp-n 12 eompar. E (ef. it) farther east
ihan 8 adv. quite
ikkuna 2 window
ik=uis=uute-en 2 II to eternity
ik=inen 14 adj. age
ik=is-i-n 14 pE (G+) (ef. ikinen) at the age af
ik+raja 9 age limit
ik=v-i-en 7 pG (ef. ikv) boring t unpleasant
ik=v-i- 4 pP (ef. ikv) boring t unpleasant
ik=v 4 boring t unpleasant
ik=v- 1 P boring t unpleasant
illa-lla 2 Ad (ef. ilta) in the evening
illa=llinen 5 supper
illa-sta 3 El (ef. ilta) evening
ilma 4 weather
ilma=is-taan 5 pres. pass. is expressed
ilma+kirj=e 7 aerogramme
ilma+kirj=ee-t 7 pN aerogrammes
ilman 7 prepos(+P) without
ilma-n+pain=e 7 air pressure
ilma-n+suunna-ssa 11 In (et. suunta) (in) the direetion of
ilma-n+suunta 11 direetion
ilma+pallo-i-ne-en 13 p with their balloons
Comit. poss. sutt.
ilma===sto 11 elimate
ilma=st=oi=nti 11 air eonditioning
iJma+tietee-n+lait=os 11 weather bureau
G-24
G-25
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is-i-en 14 pG (et. is) fathers I
Islam+seura+kunta 14 Islamie eongregation
iso 10 big, grand
iso+is' 10 grandfather
iso-mm-i-lle 6 eompar. pAl (et. isompi) for bigger
iso+rokko+roko=t=us 13 smallpox vaeeination
iso+vanhe-mma-t 10 eompar. pN (ef. vanhempi) grandparents
iso+iti 10 grandmother
istu-a 6 to fit, to sit
istu-kaa 1 imper. p2 (ef. istua) sit (down)
istu-ma-an 1 111 II (ef. istua) tosit
istuma+jrje=st=ys 14 jrki) seating order
istu=nto 14 session
istu-taan 8 pres. pass. (ef. istua) one sits
isyys+loma 14 paternity leave
isnn-n+huone 9 study
is=nt 3 host
is+puoli 10 stepfather
italia 4 Italian
itikka 11 mosquito
itiko-i-ta 11 pP (et. itikka) mosquitos
itke=tt-i (tr) 9 past s3 (ef. itkett) he teIt like erying
itke-v 6 pres. aet. pepe (et. itke) erying
itse 2 selt
itse-kin 2 also (your) self
itse=ninen 1 independent
itse-lle-si 4 Al poss. suff. to you yourself
itsenisyys+piv 13 Independenee Day
itse+palv=el=u 7 self-serviee
itse+p=inen 4 stubborn
it=inen 6 adj. eastern
it=is-t 12 P (et. itinen) eastern
it+ma=inen 12 maa) Oriental
It+meri 11 Baltie Sea
It+vyl 8 Eastern Freeway (lit., ehannel)
G-26
ja 1 eonj. and
jae-taan 7 pres. pass. (ef. jakaa) divided, shared, apportioned
jae-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (ef. jakaa) divided, shared, apportioned
jaffa-a 3 P orange (soda) (brand name)
jaka-a 10 s3 divides
jaka=u=ma 14 distribution
jaka=us 6 parting (hair)
jak=el=u-n 7 G delivery
jak=elu+osoite 7 delivery address (= street address)
jakkara 9 footstool
jaksa-a 1 s3 get along (feel)
jala-lle 10 Al (ei. jalka) to the foot, leg
jala-n 4 instr. (ef. jalka) on foot
jala-n+sija-a 12 P (ef. jalka) foothold
jalka 4 foot
jalka-a-ni 10 P poss. suff. my foot, leg
jalka+hofto-a 6 P foot care
jalka+lamppu 9 floor lamp
jalka+pall 10 soceer, footbali
jalka+pallo+koulu 10 soecer lessons
jano 3 thirst
jano-n 13 G thirst
jarru 7 brake
jarru-i-ssa 7 pln in the brakes
jarru-t 7 pN brakes
jatk=u-a 11 intr. 1 to eontinue
jatk=u-u 11 s3 (ef. jatkua) eontinues
jauh=o-t 7 pN flour
Jeesukse-n 13 G (ef. Jeesus) Jesus
Jehova-n 13 G Jehovah
jne 1 abbr. for ja niin edelleen and so forth
jo 3 already
Johannes Kasta-ja 13 John the Baptist
jo-hon-kin 9 II indef. pron. (ef. joka) (in)to some
johta=ja 1 direetor
joht=o 9 leadership, eord
G-27
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joht=u-i 9 past 83 intr. (ef. johtua) resulted (from something)
joht=u-u (jstk) 14 83 (et. johtua) is due to, is eaused by
jo-i-den 6 pG relat. pron. (ef. joka) whose
jo-i-hin 7 pII relat. pron. (ef. joka) to whieh, to that
jo-i-n 4 past 81 (et. juoda) 1 drank
jo-i8i 3 eond. s3 (et. juoda) would drink
jo-isi-tte 3 eond. p2 (ef. juoda) you would drink
jo-isi-tte-ko 3 eond. p2 (ef. juoda) would you drink?
jo-isi-tte-ks 3 p2 eolloq. (ef. juoda) would you drink?
jo-isi-vat 3 eond. p3 (ef. juoda) they would drink
jo-i-ssa 6 pln relat. pron. (ef. joka) in whieh
jo-i-ta 5 pP relat. pron. (ef. joka) that which
jo-ka 4 relat. pron. that , whiehj every
joka=ise-Ita 7 AbI. (ef. jokainen) every
joki 1 river
jokin 5 something
jo-ko 5 either, already (in a question)
joku 4 pron. some, someone
jo-lIe 5 AI relat. pron. (ef. joka) whorn, whieh
jo=lloin 12 eonj. at whieh time, when
jo-mma-lle+ku-mma-lle 6 AI (ef. jompikumpi) to either one
jo-mpi+ku-rnpi 6 either one
jonkin 8 Gindet. pron. something
jonkin=lainen J sorne kind ot
jonkin=lais-ta J P (ef. jonkinlainen) some kind ot
jonkun=lais-ta=jonkinlaista 3 P eolloq. sorne kind ot
(et. lainen)
jono 4 line, queue
joo=kyll 1 eOlloq. yes
jooga 10 yoga
jo-pa 6 adv. even
jos 2 eonj. 'if
joskus 2 sometimes
jos-pa 11 if only
jo-ssa 2 ln relat. pron. (ef. joka) where, in which
jo~sta 1 El. relat. pron. (ef. joka) about that
jo-ta 4 P relat. pron. (et. joka) that
jo-ta-in 4 P (ef. joka) something
G-28
G-29
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jumala-n+palv=el=uks-i-a 13 pP religious serviees
(et. palvelus)
jumppa 10 eolloq. gYmnasties
juna 4 train
juna-an 9 11 (on)to the train
juna-Ha 4 Ad by train
juna+onne=ttom=uus 4 train aeeident
juna-sta 9 El trom the train
jun-i-in 9 pII (et. juna) (to) (tor) the trains
juo 3 s3 (et. juoda) drinks
juo 3 neg. stern (et. juoda) don't drink
juo-da 3 1 to drink
juo-daan 8 pres. pass. (et. juoda) let's drink, one drinks
juokse-e 3 s3 (et. juosta) runs
juokse-minen 10 IV (et. juosta) running
juoks=u 10 run
juoks=utt-i 11 past s3 tr. (et. juoksuttaa) (snow) dritted
juo=ma 3 a drink
juo=ma-a 3 P drink
juoma+raha 5 tip
juo-ma-ssa 4 111 In (et. juoda) to drink
juo-ma-sta 4 111 El (et. juoda) drink
juo=ma-t 5 pN drinks
juo-minen 3 IV (et. juoda) drink
juo-mis-ta 3 IV P (et. juoda) (aome) drink
juo-n 3 sl (et. juoda) 1 drink
juos-ta 10 1 to run
juo-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. juoda) do you drink?
juure-t 10 pN (et. juuri) roots
juuri 9 adv. just, precisely
juuri 10 root
juuri+hoid=o-n 10 G (et. hoito) root-eanal treatment
juuri+hoit=o 10 root-eanal treatment
juusto 5 eheese
juusto-t 5 pN eheeses
juusto+hyl 3 eheese eutter
juusto+peruna+vuoka-a 5 P eheese-potato easserole
juutalaise-t 13 pN (ei. juutalainen) the Jews
G-30
G-31
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jtt= 5 drop, leaving
j 3 iee
j 8 imperat. 52 (ef. jd) to stay, to remain
j-d 7 1 intr. to remain, to stay
j-d el=kkee-lle 10 Al to retire
j=hdy=t=el-Io 8 pres. pass. one is cooling off
(ef. jhdytell)
j:::hdy=t=in 7 eooler, radiator
j:::hdy:::tt=ime-n 7 G (ef. jhdytin) eooler, radiator
j:::hdy=tt=ime-s5 7 10 (ef. jhdytin) in the radiator
j=hty-y 3 83 (ef. jhty) gets eold
j=hty- 3 1 to cool off
j=h=y-lle 8 Al eooling off (to eool off)
j=h=y-ll 8 Ad (when) cooling off
j+kiekko 10 ice hockey
j+kylm-n 8 11 ice cold
j+meri 12 Artie Oeean
j-n+murta=ja 11 ice breaker
j-n+murta=j-i-a 11 pP ice breakers
j-n+srki=j 11 ice breaker
jtel 3 ice cream-
jtel- 3 P ice cream
j=t=ikk 12 glacier
j=ty- 11 1 to freeze
j+vede-st 5 El (ef. vesi) for ice water
(K)
G-32
G-33
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kahvi+pannu 3 eoffeepot
kahvi-sta 3 El eoffee
kahvi+tauko 2 eotfee break
kai 2 perhaps, very likely
kaik-i-lla 14 p Ad (ef. kaikki) a11
kaik-i-n 3 pInstr. (ef. kaikki) a11
kaiki-ssa 5 1n (et. kaikki) in a11
kaikki 5 s+p a11
kaikki-en 4 pG a11
kaikki-in 7 II (in)to a11
kaikki-na 13 E in a11
kaikki+valtiaa-n 14 G (et. k-valtias) Almighty
kaima 10 namesake
kaiva-a 12 1 dig
kaive-ttu 12 past pass. pep. (et. kaivaa) dug
kaiutin+auto-sta 8 El publie-address vehiele
kakko=nen 2 number two
kakku 3 eake
kakku-a 3 P eake
kakku+lapio 3 eake spatula
kaksi 1 two
kaksi+kerro=ks=ise-lla 7 Ad double deeker, two-story
kaksi+kerro=ks=inen 9 double deeker, two-story
kaksi+kymmen-t twenty
kaksi+kymmen-t+viisi 2 twenty-five
kaksi+kymmen-t+yhdeksn 1 twenty-nine
kaks=io 9 two-room apartment
kaksi+toista 1 twelve
kaksois+kirkko+pyh-i- 13 pP (et. pyh) double church holidays
kakso=se-t 1 pN (et. kaksonen) Gemini, twins
kala 1 fish, Pisees
kala-a 3 P fish
kala+halli-ssa 7 In in the indoor tish market
kala+herku-t 5 pN (ef. herkku) fish delieacies
kala-11e 3 Al to fish
kala+ruoka-a 5 P fish dish
kalastaja+torppa 5 N fisherman's cottage
kala-t 1 pN Pisees (fish - plural)
G-34
G-35
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kansalais+luotta=mus-ta 14 P eivil rights
kansalais+tait=o 14 eivies
kansa=llinen 5 adj. national
kansa=llise-t 5 pN (et. kansallinen) national
kansa=llis-i-a 5 pP (et. kansallinen) national
kansallis+laulu 14 national hymn/anthem
kansallis+museo 2 national museum
Kansallis+osake+pankki 8 National (Share) Bank (not the Bank ot Finland)
kansallis+romantt=is-ta 12 P nationalistie, romantie (historieal style)
(et. romanttinen)
Kansallis+teatteri 9 National Theater
Kansallis+teatteri-n 9 G National Theater
kansa-n 6 G nation, the people
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja 14 member of parliament
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja-a 14 P member of parliament
kansa-n+edu=sta=ja-i-n 13 pG (of) members of parliament
kansa-n+el=ke 14 social seeuri ty
kansa-n+elke+lait=os 14 soeial seeurity administration
kansa-n+el=kkee-st 10 El (ef. elke) social seeurity
kansa-n+puol=ue 14 folk party
kansa-n+tanssi 10 folk danee
Kansas-i-sta 1 El from Kansas
kansi 3 lid
kanssa 1 (G+) postposit. with
kanta=ja 5 porter
kanta=ja-n 5 A porter
kanta=j-i-a 5 pP (ef. kantaja) porters
kanta+kaupungi-sta 9 El (et. kaupunki) (from) the old eity
kanta-mis-ta 5 IV P (ef. kantaa) carrying
kanta=utu-nut 12 past aet. pep. intr. he earried, reaeh
(cf. kantautua)
kanto+liina 5 carrying eloth
kanto+liina-lle 5 Al to the 'earrying eloth'
kanttori 13 cantor, musie direetor ot a parish
kapea 6 narrow
kappa-a 7 pP peek
kappale 2 paragraph, pieee
kappeli 12 chapel
G-36
G-37
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katk=ais-i-n 9 past sl (ef. katkaista) 1 diseonneeted
katken-nut 10 past aet. pep. (ef. katketa) broken
katoi-n = katsoin 4 past sl eolloq. 1 looked
katolilainen 13 noun Catholic
katolinen 13 adj. Catholie
kats=el-i-n 4 past sl (ef. katsella) 1 watehed
kats=el-la 4 1 to wateh
katso 8 imperat. 82 (ef. katsoa) lookl
katso-a 4 1 to look (at)
katso-i-n 4 past sl (ef. katsoa) 1 looked at
katso-isi-t-ko 8 eond. s2 (ef. katsoa) would you look?
katso-ma-an 4 111 II. (ef. katsoa) to look
katso-ma-ssa 4 111 In. (ef. katsoa) to look
katso-m-i-lla-an 9 111 P Ad poss. suff. as seen by him/her
(cf. katsoa)
katso-o 6 s3 (ef. katsoa) looks
kattila 3 sauce pan
kattila+huone 9 boiler room
katu 1 street
kaua-ksi 9 T adv. far
kaua-n 5 Instr. adv. long (time)
kauan-ko 2 for how long?
kauanks = kauanko 2 eolloq. for how long?
kaua=s 6 adv. far
kauhea 3 dreadful
kauka-na 2 E adv. far away
kauko+juna 9 long-distance train
kauko+lmmi=t=ys 9 distriet heating
kaula 10 neek
kaula+liina 6 searf, muffler (around the neek)
kaul=in 3 rolling pin
kaul=us 6 eollar
kaunii-He 8 Al (ef. kaunis) beautiful
kaunii-t 6 pN (cf. kaunis) beautiful
kannii-ta 6 pP (ef. kaunis) beautiful
kaunis 2 beautiful
kaupa=llinen 13 kauppa) eommereial
kaupa-ssa 4 In (ef. kauppa) in the store
G-38
G-39
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'keitto+astia-t 6 pN eooking utensils
keitto+komero 9 kitehenette
keitto+mahdo=llis=uuks-i-ne-en 9 pComit. with (its) eooking faeilities
poss suff. (ef. mahdollisuus)
keit-n 8 sl (ef. keitt) 1 eook
keks=el=is 1 inventive
keli 11 road eondition
keli+rikko 11 broken road eonditions
kellari-in 3 II into the basement
kello 2 4 Cloek, wateh
kello+liikk=ee-ss 4 10 (ef. liike) at the watehmaker
kello+malli-a 4 P model or type of wateh
kello-n 4 G wateh, eloek
kello-nf 2 my eloek
kello-nne 2 your watch
kelpa-a-ko 7 s3 (ef. kelvata) is it good enough?
kelta=inen 2 yellow
kelvan-nut 4 past aet. pep. (ef. kelvata) wasn1t good enough
kelvat=a 7 1 to do, be good enough (valid)
kemia 14 ehemistry
kene-lle 2 Al (ef. kuka) to whom?
kene-ll 3 Ad (et. kuka) who (has)?
kene-lt 2 AbI (ef. kuka) from whom?
kenk-i- 6 pP (ef. kenk) shoes
keng-t 6 pN (et. kenk) shoes
kenk 6 shoe
kera 13 (post position G+] with (esp. about food)
keramiikka+taite=ili=jo-i-na 6 pE taitaa) as eeramie artists
keramiikka+tehda=s 6 pottery, eeramies faetory
kerma 3 eream
kerma-a 3 P eream
kerma+astia 3 ereamer
kerma+viili 7 eottage eheese
kerra-lla-an 2 Ad at a time
poss. suff. 3 (et. kerta)
kerra-n 2 G/A (et. kerta) priee
kerro 5 imperat. s2 (ef. kertoa) tell
kerro=kse-n 9 G (ef. kerros) floor
G-40
G-41
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keskusta-sta 4 El from a eenter
keskust=el=u-a 2 P eonversation, diseussion
keskus+vira=sto 14 virka) central offiee
kest 3 neg. stern. (cf. kest) (ei k.) don't mention it
kest- 2 1 to last
kes 1 summer
kes+aika 12 daylight savings time, offiee hours in summer
kes+aika-an 5 II in the summertime
kes=isin 5 during the summer months
kes+kaus-i-na 10 pE in summer seasons
kes+keitto+vihanneks-i-a 7 pP summer soup vegetable
(et. vihannes)
kes+kuu 1 June
kes+leski 10 grass widow
kes+mki-n 9 G (ef. mkki) summer eottage
kes+mkki 9 summer eottage
kes+viera-i-ta 8 pP (ef. vieras) summer guests
ke-t 4 P (et. kuka) who
keuhko-i-sta 10 pEI from the lungs
kevyt 6. light
kevyt+maito 7 low fat milk, lit. light milk
kevyt+mait-a 7 P low fat milk, lit. light milk
kevt 1 spring
kevt+kaude-Ila 10 Ad (ef. kausi) in the spring season
kihla+kunna-n+oike=us 14 distriet/eireuit eourt
kihla=us 10 engagement
kielle-tty 2 past pass. pep. (ef. kielt) forbidden, prohibited
kielle-tty ajo+suunta 8 (ef. kielt) no entry
kieli 4 language, tongue
kiele-st 4 El (ef. kieli) language
kiel-i-Il 5 pAd languages
kieli+televisio 2 language TV (language lessons by television)
kiel-ten+ope=t=us 2 language teaehing
kiel-t 4 P (ef. kieli) language
kielt-nyt 3 past aet. pcp. (ef. kielt) forbidden
kielt- 3 1 to forbid
kierto+tie 8 detour
G-42
G-43
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kirja 2 book
kirjaamis+maks=u 10 registration fee
kirja=ime-lla 10 Ad (ef. kirjain) with the letter
kirja=ime=llise=sti 12 literally
kirja=ime-t pN (ef. kirjain) alphabet
kirja=im-i-n 7 plnstr. (ef. kirjain) with letters
kirja=in 2 letter -
kirja-nne 2 poss. suff. your book
kirja=sto 9 library
kirja-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (ef. kirjata) regis te red
kirja-ttu-na 7 past pass. pep. E (as) registered
(cf. kirjata)
kirja-tu-t 7 past pass. pep. pN regis te red
(cf. kirjata)
kirj=e 7 letter
kirj=ee-n 7 G (ef. kirje) "letter
kirj=ee-n 7 E (ef. kirje) as a letter
kirj=ee-t 7 pN (ef. kirje) letters
kirje+kuore-ssa 7 pln (ef. kuori) in an envelope
kirje+kyyhky-j- 7 pP homing pigeons
kirje+lhet=ys-ten 7 pG (ef. lhetys) mailed letters, mail dispatehes
kirje+merkke-j- 7 pP (ef. merkki) (letter) stamp
kirje+meri- 7 P (letter) stamp
kirje+shk=e 8 letter-telegram
kirje+shk=ee-n 8 E (ef. shke) as a letter-telegram
kirj=oite-taan 1 pres. pass. (ef. kirjoittaa) is written
kirj=oite-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (cf. kirjoittaa) written
kirj=oite-ttu-na 8 past pass. pcp E written
(ef. kirjoittaa)
kirj=oitta-a 1 1 . to write
kirj=oitta-a yli+oppi=laa-ksi 14 (ef. oppilas) to take the written examination at the end of high
school, to graduate from high school
kirjo-j-a 10 pP (ef. kirja) books
kirkas 11 bright
kirkas=tu-minen 13 IV (ef. kirkastua) transfiguration
kirkko 4 church
kirkko+herra 13 viear
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G-45
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kokea 14 1 to experienee
koke=il-la 8 1 to experiment
koke-ma=ton-ta 8 P inexperieneed
koke=mus 8 experienee
kokko-j-a 13 pP bonfires
koko 4 entire, whole; size
koko-a 6 P size
koko=el=ma 9 eolleetion
koko=el=m-i-sta 9 pEl (cf. kokoelma) from the collections
kokoo=mus 14 eoalition
koko-on+pan=o 14 eomposition, putting together
koko-on+pan=o-sta 14 El composition, eonsisteney
kokoo=ntu-vat 13 p3 (cf. kokoontua) they gather/meet/assemble
koko=ukse-sta 5 El (eL kokous) about/of/from the meeting
koko=us 5 meeting
kokous+kutsu-t 7 pN eall(s) to a meeting
kolari 4 eolloq. car accident
kolad.-n 4 G/A erash
kolea 11 ehilly
kolma=nne-ksi 7 T (cf. kolmas) third(ly)
kolma=nne-sta 9 El (ef. kolmas) from the third
kolma=s 1 third
kolme 1 three
kolme-en 2 n to three
kolme-ksi 4 T for three o'clock
kolme-lta 2 AbI at three
kolme-sta+sada-sta 7 El (cf. sata) for three hundred
kolmi+kerro=ks=inen 9 (cf. kerros) three story
kolm=i+loikka 10 triple jump
kolmi=nais=uude-n 13 G (ef. kolminaisuus) trinity
kolmo=neQ 7 noun kolme) three
kolmo=se-n 8 G kolme) three
komea-an 1 n handsome
komenta=ja . 1 conunander
komera- ~ eloset
konunentte-j-a 2 pP (cf. kommentti) eonunents
konununisti=nen 14 adj. communist
konee=llise=sti 7 adv. (cf.koneellinen) mechanically
G-46
G-47
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korva+sieni+keitt=o 5 morel soup
korva+sieni+muna+kokkeli-a 5 P serambled eggs with morels
korv-i-in 12 pII (et. korva) ear
koska 1 4 eonj. when, because ot
koska-pa 5 eonj. beeause
koske-a 10 1 to hurt, to coneern, to toueh
koske-e 10 s3 (et. koskea) hurts
koske-n+korva 5 a kind of hard liquor
koske-va-t 10 pres. aet.,pep. (et. koskea) concerning
koski 12 waterfall
kostea 11 humid
koste=us 8 humidity
koti 1 home
koti-in 2 Il to home
koti-in+kanne-ttu 7 past. pass. pep. (et. kantaa) home delivered
koti-in+kanne-ttu-na 7 past pass. pcp.E (as) home delivered
(et. kantaa)
koti-in+kanto+maks=u 7 home-delivery charge
koti+kalja-a 3 P home brew
kotim. 6 abbr. tor kotimainen
koti+maa 14 homeland
koti+maa-ssa 7 In (Finland) at home
koti=ma=inen 5 maa) domestic
koti+ma=is-i-a 5 pP (ef. kotimainen) domestic
koti+ma=is-ta 6 P (et. kotimainen) domestic
koti+rouva 1 housewite
koti+talo=us 14 home economics
koto=isin J a native ot
koto-na 1 E (ef. koto) at home
koulu 2 school
koulu+ik=ise-t 10 pN (et. ikinen) sehool-aged
koulu+jrje=st=el=m 14 school system
koulu+koke-i-den 14 pG (cf. koe) school tests
koulu-ssa 2 In in school
koulu-sla 2 El of school
koulu=t=us 14 education, schooling
koulu-un 3 I1 ta school
kouristus+kohta=us 10 convulsion, an attackot eramps
G-48
G-49
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kulku+neuvo 9 vehicle
kulku+neuvo-t 9 pN vehieles
kulku+tauti 10 epidemie
ku-lla-kin 14 Ad (ef. kukin) eaeh (has)
kulta 10 darling
kulta=inen 7 golden
kulta+sep-t 6 pN (ef. sepp) goldsmith
kulta+kellari 6 gold cellar
kulta=se-ni 10 poss. suff. (ef. kultanen) my darling
kulttuuri+ilma+piiri-n 12 E eultural atmosphere
kulttuuri+talo-ssa 9 In in the eulture house
kulu-t 8 pN expenses
kulu=ta-t 3 s2 (ef. kuluttaa) spend, eonsume
kulutus+rnaito 7 milk (lit., milk whieh may be eonsumed)
kulutus+rnaito-a 7 P milk (lit., milk whieh may be eonsumed)
kulutus+sopi=rnukse-n 9 G (ef. sopinus) eonsumer eontraet
kulutus+sopi=mus 9 eonsumer eontraet
kurni+saappaa-t 6 pN (ef. saapas) rubber boots, Wellingtons
ku-mrna-Ile 6 eompar. AI (ef. kUmpi) to whieh of the two
ku-mrna-ssa-kin 9 In (ef. kumpi) in both
kummi 10 godparent
kununi-n 10 G godparent
kununun-nut 12 past aet. pep. (ef. kummuta) spring forth
kumo-taan 12 pres. pass. (ef. kumota) overturn, overthrow
ku-rnpi 6 whieh one of the two
ku-rnpi-kin 6 both
kun 4 eonj. when
kun-han 3 eonj. after, onee
kunnes 10 eonj. until
kunnia 13 honor
kunnia=llise-n 13 G (ef. kunniallinen) honorable, respeetable
kunnia+rnerkke-j- 13 pP (ef. merkki) badge of honor, deeorations
kunnia-n+hirno=inen 1 ambitious
kunni=oitta-va=sti 13 pres. aet. pcp. adv. respeetfully
(ef. kunnioittaa)
kunno-n 10 G (ef. kunto) fitness
kunno-ssa 1 In (ef. kunto) in (good) eondition
kun-pa 3 i f only
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kyl+sep-t 6 pN (et. sepp) village smith
kymmenen 2 ten
kymmene-en 2 II (et. kymmenen) to ten
kymmene-ksi 6 T (ef. kymmenen) tor ten
kymmene-It 2 AbI (et. kymmenen) at ten
kymmene=s 1 (ef. kymmenen) tenth
kymmen+ott=el=u 10 deeathlon
kymmen-t 2 P (et. kymmenen) ten
kynttil-i-t 13 pP (ef. kynttil) eandles
kyn 2 pen, peneil
kyrka (Swedish) 13 church
kysy 2 imperat. s2 neg. stem (et. kysy) ask
kysy-i 5 past s2 (et. kysy) asked
kysy-k 2 imperat. p2 (ef. kysy) askl
kysy=mys 2 question
kysy-m-st 1 111 El (ef. kysy) (for) .asking
kysy-n 1 sl (et. kysy) 1 ask
kysy-tte 10 p2 (ef. kysy) you ask
kysy- 2 1 to ask
kde-n 10 G (ef. ksi) hand
kly 10 sister-in-Iaw
krpnen 11 fly
krry 5 cart (insect)
krry-j- 5 pP carts
krsi-v=llinen 1 patient
krj-i-Ile 14 pAI (ef. krjt) district court
ksi 6 hand
ksi+hoit=o-a 6 P manicure
ks-i-n 7plnstr. manually, by hand
ksi=ne 6 love
ksi=t=el-t-v-i- 10 pres. pass. pep. pP to be handled
(cf. ksitell)
ksi=tt=ee-st 12 El (ef. ksite) coneeptioD, eoncept
ksHty 14 manual training, hand eratt
ksi+ty-n 6 G handieraft's
ksi+ty+tait=o 6 handieraft skill
ksi+ty+tait=o-a 6 P artisan's skill, handicraft skill
kte-e-ni 10 II poss. suff. (ef. ksi) my hand
G-54
G-55
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ky=t-tte-ks = kytt tek eolloq.3 p2 do you use?
(et. kytt)
kytv 2 eorridor
kytv-ss 2 ln. in the eorridor
ky=t=kse-n 13 G (et. kyts) behavior, manners
knn=s 8 turn
knt~-k 2 imperat. p2 (et. knty) turnl
knt~-v- 11 pres. aet. pep. P (et. knty) turning
knt~- 2 1 intr. to turn
knt+puole-lla 5 Ad (et. puoli) on the reverse side
knt+puole-Ile 8 AI (et. puoli) to the reverse side
krmee-n 10 G (et. krme) snake
kympi-n 7 G (et. kymppi) number ten
kymppi 7 ten, ten spot
kynne-Ile 13 AI (et. kynsi) nai!
kynnelle kykenev able-bodied
kyns-i-en+hoit=o 6 manieure
kynttil- 9 P eandle
(L)
G-56
G-57
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G-59
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liik=e=ntee-n 9 G (et. liikenne) traffic
liikk=ee-ll 13 Ad (et. liike) on the move, in eireulation
liikkee-n+harj=oitta=ja 9 person engaged in business, merchant
liiku=nna-n 10 G (ef. liikunta) physical exercise
liiku=nta-a 10 P physical exercise
liikunta+muodo-i-sta 10 pEl (ef. muoto) forms of exercise
liina-n 3 G/A tablecloth
liina+vaate+osa=sto 6 linen department
Liisa-Ita 8 AbI from Liisa
liitt=o 9 league, union
liitto+hallit=us 14 the federal government
liitt=y=m 8 exit (of a highway)
liitt=y-v-t 7 pres. aet. pep. (et. liitty) associated with
liitt=y-vt jhk 12 p3 join
liitt=y-y 14 s3 (ef. liitty) aecompanies, is attached
liitt=y- 12 1 to join
liitu 2 chalk
liitnnis+jsene-n 12 E (cf. jsen) as an associate member
liki+mr;inen 12 approximate
likri- 5 p liqueur
linja+auto-j-en 9 pG (long-distance, interurban) bus
linna 14 prison, castle
linna-ssa 13 1n castle, president's residence, prison
lipasto 9 dresser
lipe+kala-a 3 P lute fish
lippu 2 flag, ticket
lippu-a 9 P ticket
lippu+juhla 13 (puolustusvoimain) celebration of the flag (Armed Forces Day)
lippup. 9 abbr. for lippu+palvelu ticketron
lipputoim. 9 abbr. tor lippu+toimiston ticket office
lipu-n+hinna-t 7 pN (et. hinta) fare (lit., prices of tickets)
lipu-n+nost=o 13 hoisting of a flag
lipu-t 9 pN (ef. lippu) tickets
lipu=te-taan 13 pres. pass. (ef. liputtaa) one flies a flag
lipu=tta-a 13 1 to fly a flag
G-62
G-63
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lopp=iais-ta 13 P (ef. loppiainen) Epiphany
loppu-a 1 1 intr. to end, run out
loppu-u 2 s3 (ef. loppua) ends
loppu-un 7 II to the end
lossi 8 ferry
lounaase-en 11 II (et. lounas) to the southwest
lounaa-sta 5 El (et. lounas) about luneh, trom the southwest
louna=inen 11 southwest
lounas 5 luneh, southwest
lounas-ta 5 P luJleh
lounasta 9 imperat. s2 have luneh
lue=nto 4 lecture
lue=nto-a 4 P leeture
luento+tila-a 9 P spaee to hold leetures
lue=tta-va 13 pres. pass. pep. (ef. lukea) to be read
lue-tta-v-i-en 14 pres. pass. pep. pG (ef. lukea) to be eounted
lu-i-n 4 past sl (et. lukea) 1 read
luist=ele-mis-ta 10 IV P (et. luistella) skating
luist=ele-ma-an 10 111 II (et. luistella) to skate
luist=el-Ia 10 1 to skate
luist=el=u 10 skating
luist=el=u-a 10 P skating
luistin+rada-Ila 10 Ad (ef. rata) on the skating rink
luistin+rata 9 skating rink
luke-a 2 1 to read
luke-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (et. lukea) read
luke-ma-an 8 111 II. (et. lukea) to read
luke-ma=ttom-i-lla 10 p Ad (et. lukematon) eountless
luke-nut 10 past aet. pep. (ef. lukea) read
luk=io 14 senior high school (3 yrs.)
luk=io-ssa 14 In senior high school
luku 2 ehapter
luku+jrje=st=ys 2 sehedule
luku+kausi 2 semester
luku+lamppu 9 reading lamp
luku+lase-j-a-si 8 pP poss. suff. (ef. lasi) your reading glasses
lukuun+otta-ma-tta 6 111 Abess (ef. ottaa) exeept, not eounting
lume-t 10 pP (et. lumi) snow(s)
G-64
G-65
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lyhen=t- 6 lyhyt) 1 to shorten
lyhye-ksi 6 T (et. lyhyt) short
lyhye-mm-ksi 6 eompar. T (et. lyhyempijlyhyt) shorter
lyhye-mpi 6 eompar. shorter
lyhy-i-t B pP (et. lyhyt) short
lyhyt 2 short
lyhyt+lahke=inen 6 adj. lahje) short leg
ly-d lyly B 1 to throw water on the sauna stove in order
to ereate steam
ly-dn-k B pres. pass. (et. lyd) will one (we) throw [lit., strike]
ly-t 9 82 (et. lyd) you hit
lhd-ss 10 In (et. lht) to be departing
lhe=ise-mpi 10 eompar. (et. lheinen) eloser
lhe=ise=sti 12 adv. closely
lhe-l1 2 Ad near
lhe=te-tt-v 2 pres. pass. pep. (et. lhett) to be broadcast (sent)
lhe=te-tn 7 pres. pass. (et. lhett) is being sent
lhe=tt- 7 1 to send
lhe=tt=j-n 7 G sender's
lhe=tt-m-ll 7 111 Ad (ef. lhett) by sending
lhe=t-n B s1 (ef. lhett) 1 send
lhe=t-tte-k B p2 (ef. lhett) wil1 you send'1
lhe=t=ykse-n 7 E (ef. lhetys) dispateh (mail)
lhe=t=ykse-t 7 pN (ef. lhetys) dispatehes (mail)
lhe=t=ys 7 dispateh (mail), broadeast
lhe=t=y=st 1 embassy
lhe=t=y=st-n 5 G embassy's
lhetyst+virka=ili=ja 1 foreign serviee offieer
lhe=t=y=st-n 6 II to the embassy
lh-imm-lle 6 superl. Al (et. lhin) to the nearest
lh-in 2 8uperl. nearest
lh-in-n 6 preposit. (+P) nearest
lh=i 9 (asuma+lhi) suburb
lh=i-st 9 El from a bedroom eommunity
lhte-e 4 s3 (ef. lhte) leaves
lhte-nyt 10 past aet. pep. (ef. lhte) (has) left
lhte-v 5 pres. aet. pep. (ef. lhte) leaving
lhte-vt 2 p3 (ef. lhte) leave
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lyly-ss 8 1n in the sauna heat/steam
lyly-t 8 pN sauna heat, sauna steam
lyly-yn 8 I1 to the sauna steam
lyly- 8 P sauna steam
lyt=y-i-k 14 past s3 (ef. lyty) was (it) found'l
lyt=y- 14 intr. 1 to be found, to be diseovered, to turn up
lyt=y-y 10 s3 intr. (ef. lyty) is found
lyt-isi-n 6 eond. sl (ei. lyt) 1 would find
lys-i-tte-ks=lysittek 4 colloq. did you find?
lys-i-tte-k 4 past p2 (ef. lyt) did you find?
lyt- 4 1 tr. to find
lyt-k 5 s3 does he find'l
lyt+tavara+toim=isto 6 lost and found department
m2 9 abbr. tor neli+metri square meter
ma 2 abbr. tor maanantai l10nday
maa 5 country, earth, ground
maa-han+tul=o 5 entering the country
maailma-n 5 G world's
maailma-n+kuul=u-j-a 6 pP world renowned
maailma-n+soda-n 6 G (ef. sota) world war
maailma-ssa 10 ln in the world
maa-ja mets+talous+ministeri 14 secretary ot agriculture and forestry
maa-ja mets+talous+minister=i 14 Department/Ministry of Forestry
and Agriculture
maa+kunna-ssa 11 1n (cf. kunta) province
maa+kunta 11 province
maalais+leip- 7 p country bread
maala=uks-i-a 9 pP (cL maalaus) paintings
maalis+kuu 1 March
maa-l1e 8 Al to the country
maa=l1inen 13 secular, lay
Maa-mme 14 poss. suff. "Our Land" (Finnish national hymn)
maa-n 7 G country's
maa-na 14 E as a land
maanantai 1 Monday
maanantai-ksi 6 T by Monday
maanantai-sta 5 El from Monday
maa-n+jr=ist=ys 4 earthquake
G-68
G-69
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maista~nut-kaan 14 past aet. pep. (ef. maistaa) tasted
maist=u-a 2 1 intr. to taste
maist=u-i 3 past s3 intr. (ef. maistua) tasted
maist=u-isi-ko 3 s3 intr.(ef. maistua) taste
maist=u-u 2 s3 intr. (ef. maistua) (it) tastes
maist=u-vat 4 p3 intr. (ef. maistua) taste
maito 3 milk
maito+lasi 3 glass of milk
maito+rahka 7 eottage eheese
maj=oit=us 9 aeeommodation
majuri 1 major
makkara 7 sausage
makkara-n 8 G sausage's
maksa-a 6 1 to pay, eost
maksa-ma-lla 7 111 Ad (ef. maksaa) by paying
maksa-tte-ko 6 p2 (ef. maksaa) do you pay?
makse-taan 6 pres.pass (ef. maksaa)
makse-taan-ko 8 pres.pass. (ef. maksaa) does one pay?
maks=u 7 fee, eharge, eost
maks=u-a 7 P fee
maks=u-sta 7 El for eharge
maksu+tod=ist=ukse-t 7 pN (ef. todistus) eertifieates for payment
maksu+vyhyke 7 pay zone
makuu+huone 9 bedroom
makuu+huone-tta 9 P bedroom
makuu+vaunu 9 sleeper (puIlman)
makuu+vaunu+osa=sto-n 9 G sleeping eompartment
malja=kko 3 vase
malja-nne 1 poss.suff. for your healtb
malli-Ita-an 6 AbI poss.suff. (by) model
manikyyri 6 manieure
manikyyri -n 6 G manieure
manner 12 eontinent
Mannerheim-i-n+tie 5 G Mannerheim's road
Mannerheim-i-n+tie-n 6 G Mannerheim's road's
manner+ma=inen 12 eontinental
mansikka . 7 strawberry
G-70
G-72
G-73
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mies 1 man (male), husband
mies-ten 6 pG menls
mies-ten+huone 2 gents
mi-hin 2 II (d. mik) (into) what
mihis = mi-hin 2 II into what
miinus+aste 11 minus degree
mi-kin 2 (ef. mik) eaeh
mi-ksi 2 T (ef. mik) why, for whieh
mi-ksi-p-s 4 T (ef. mik) why (not)
mik 1 what
mikli 5 eonj. as far as
mik-s 4 eolloq. what
mik-n 2 any, (not) any
mi=llaise-sta 4 El adj. (ef. millainen) what kind
mi=llanen = mi=llainen 4 what kind of
mi=l1ainen 2 what kind
mi=l1oin 1 when
mi=lloin=kaan 9 ever
mi-Il 1 Ad (ef. mik) on what
mi-Il-n 3 Ad poss. suff. (ef. mik) (.no) way
mi-It 3 AbI (ef. mik) what
ministeri-t 14 pN members of the eabinet
ministeri- 14 P member of the eabinet
minister=i 14 ministry, department of the eabioet
mini 10 daughter-io-law
mi-n-k 4 G (et. mik) what
mi-n-k+lainen 2 what kind
mi-n-k+laise-ssa 9 1n in what kind
mi-n-k+lais-ta 7 P (ef. minklainen) what kind
mi=nne 3 to where
minu-a 4 P (ef. min) me
minu-Ila 2 Ad (et. min) 1 have
minu-Ile 1 AI (et. min) to me
minu-Ita 10 AbI (ef. min) from me
minu-n 2 G (ef. min) my
minu-sta 1 El (ef. min) (from me) 1 think, io my 0plDlon
minu-sta-kin 2 El me, too; in my opinion, too
minuutti 2 . minute
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G-75
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moukari-n+heitt=o 10 throwing the hammer
mtv abbr. for mainos+televisio 2 eommereial television
mua = minua 4 P eolloq. me
mu-i-den 13 pG (ef. muu) others
muista 7 imperat. s2 (ef. muistaa) remember
muista-a 5 1 to remember
muista-e-n 13 II Instr. (ef. muistaa) remembering
muista-kaa 6 imperat. p2 (ef. muistaa) remember
muisti-in+pan=o-j-a 13 pP notes
muist-i-t-ko 3 past s2 did you remember?
muisto+kirj=oit=us 13 obituary
muisto+tilais=uus 13 memorial reeeption
muist=u=t-i-t 5 past 82 (ef. muistuttaa) you reminded
muist=u=tta-a 5 1 to remind, resemble
mu-i-ta 7 pP (ef. muu) other
muka-an 1 (G+) postposit. along with, aeeording to
muka=ise=sti 12 (G+) postposit. aceording to
muka-na 9 (G+) postposit. along with, aeeompanying
muka-na-mme 9 E poss. suff. (G+) postp08it. (along) with us
mukava 1 niee, eomfortable
mukava-a 1 P niee, comfortable
mukava-lta 6 AbI eomfortable, nice
mukava-mpi 10 eompar. more comfortable
mukava=sti 8 adv. nicely, pleasantly
mukav=uuks-i-a 9 pP (ef. mukavuus) conveniences
mulla = minu-Ila 2 Ad 1 have
mullon = minulla on 3 eolloq. 1 have
mun = minun 1 eolloq. mine
muna 5 N egg
mun-i-a 7 pP eggs
Munkki+niemi 7 proper noun
Munkki+vuore-n 7 G (ef. vuori) proper noun
muodo-i-ssa 6 pln (ef. muoto) forms
muodo=sta-a 14 1 to form
muodo=st=u-vat 14 p3 (ef. muodostua) consists of, are formed
muori 13 eolloq. wife
muoti+asia 10 fad, matter of fashion
muoto form
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myhe-mrn-i-n 2 eompar. Instr. (ef. myh) later
myhe-mp-i-en 13 eompar. pG (et. myh) latter
myh=is-t 3 P (ef. myhinen) late
myh-ss 2 In late
myh=st=y-ne-i-n 7 past aet. pep. pE late
(ef. myhsty)
myh=st=y-mis-i-en 7 IV pG (ef. myhsty) delay, being late
myh-n 4 late
mynt- 14 s3 grants, admits
mys 1 aho
myt=il-l 12 be in aeeord, follow
m = min 1 eolloq. + poetry 1
md-t 11 to rot
me-ss 10 In (ef. mki) slope, hill
mki 12 hill
mki+hypp=y 10 ski jump
m-kin = minkin 3 eolloq. 1, too
mkrinen 11 gnat
mmrni- 3 P malt-rye pudding
mti- 7 P roe
mt+kuu 11 dog days
mri=t=el-ty 13 past pass. pep. detined
(et. mritell)
mr 8 amount
mr+aikais+talletus+tili 8 a eertifieate of deposit
mr+aikais+talletus+tili- 8 P a eertifieate of deposit
mr-tty-j- 13 past pass. pep. pP speeified, set, eertain
(ef. mrt)
mr- 8 s3 (ef. mrt) (one) orders
mr=-m-i- 13 111 pP (ef. mrt) appointed (by)
mr=-m-t 7 111 pN (et. mrt) deereed (by), ordered
n. 9 abbr. for noin approximately
naapuri 12 neighbor
naapuri -n 8 G neighbor's
naapuri-t 12 pN neighbors
nahka 6 leather
nailon 6 nylon
nailon-i-a 6 P nylon
G-78
G-79
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nen-st 10 El from the nose
neul=e-i-ta 6 pP knitted goods
neuvo 10 adviee
neuvo-a 2 1 to advise
neuvo-e-n 8 II Instr. (ef. neuvoa) giving adviee
neuvo=nta 5 information
Neuvosto+liitt=o 12 Soviet Union
niemi 12 peninsula
niemi+maa 12 peninsula
nietos 11 snowdrift
niin 1 so
niin+kuin 8 eonj. as
niin-kB 2 is i t s01
ni-i-st 7 pEI (ef. ne) of them
nilkka 10 ankle
nilkka-ni 10 poss. suff. my ankle
nim. 9 abbr. for nimi+merkill lit., under a name ("eover name"),
"a substitute for a name"
nime-en 7 II (ef. nimi) to the name
nime-Il 5 Ad (ef. nimi) (in)(by) a name
nime-It-n 5 AbI poss. suff. (ef. nimi) by its name
nime-nne 1 poss. suff. (ef. nimi) name
nime-si 5 poss. suff. (ef. nimi) your name
nime-t 13 pN (ef. nimi) names
nime=tt6m-ss 10 In (ef. nimetBn) ring finger (lit., nameless)
nimi 1 name
nimi+piv' 12 name day
nimi+tied=ot=us 5 reverse direetory (telephone)
nimi=ttin 10 adv. beeause, for
nimi=tt- 14 to nominate
nimi- 6 pP name
nipu-n 7 G (ef. nippu) buneh
nippu 7 a buneh
niska 10 the (nape of the) neek
niska-a-nsa 10 P poss. suff. his/her nape of the neek
niska+peili- 6 P neek mirror
niska-sta 6 El nape of the neek
no 1 well
G-80
G-81
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numero 1 number
numero-a 6 pP size, number
numero-i-n 7 pInstr. with numbers
numer=oi=nni-n 5 G (ef. numerointi) numbering
numero-n 7 G number
numero-on 8 II (in)to the number
numero+tied=ot=us 5 (telephone) number information
nuore-lle 9 Al (et. nuori) (tor) young
nuore-mm-t 10 eompar. pN (et. nuori) younger
nuore-t 13 pN (et. nuori) the young people
nuori 4 young
nuor-i-a 4 pP young ones
nuor-i-lle 10 pAl tor the young people
nuor-in 10 superl. youngest
nuor=iso 10 youth
nuor=uut-ta 13 P (et. nuoruus) youth
nuoska 11 thawing
nuoska+keli 11 thawing eonditions
nurka-ss 9 In (et. nurkka) in the eorner
nyky=inen 6 adj. present
nyky=isin 10 adv. nowadays
nyky-n 7 adv. nowadays
nyrj=hd=ykse-t 10 pN (et. nyrjhdys) sprains
nyrj=ht-nyt 10 past aet. pep. (et. nyrjht) sprained
nyrjht- 10 intr. to sprain
nyrkkeily+ott=el=u 10 boxing mateh
. nyt 1 now
nyt-k 7 now?
nh-d 4 1 to see
nh-nyt 4 past aet. pep. (et. nhd) seen
n-i-ll 6 pAd (et. nm) with these
nin 6 adv. in this way
n-i-t 4 past s2 (et. nhd) you saw
n-i-t-k 4 past s2 (ef. nhd) did you see?
nke-mi-in 1 IN (et. nhd) so long
nke=myks-i-st 12 pEl (et. nkemys) vision, eoneeption
nk-isi 8 eond. neg. stern (et. nhd) would see
nk-isi-t 8 eond. s2 (et. nhd) you would see
G-82
(0)
G-83
G-84
G-85
G-86
G-87
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os-i=tta=inen 12 partial
os=oit=e 1 address
osoite+toimi+paikka 7 designated post offiee
osoite+toimi+paikka-an 7 II to the (designated) post offiee
os=oite-tu-n 7 past pass. pepe G (et. osoittaa) addressed
os=oitta=utu-u 2 s3 intr (et. osoittautua) show. is proved to be
os=oitt=ee-mme 1 poss. sutt. (et. osoite) our address
os=oitt=ee-ni 1 (et. osoite) my address
os=oitt=ee-nne 1 (et. osoite) your address
osta-a 4 1 buy
osta-ma-an 4 111 II (ef. ostaa) to buy
osta-ma-ssa 4 111 ln (ef. ostaa) buying
osto+palv=el=u 6 eustomer service
ostos+kesku=s 2 shopping eenter
ostos+kori-Ila 6 Ad shopping basket
Osuus+pankki 8 cooperative bank
ota' 3 imperat. s2 (et. ottaa) take
ota-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. ottaa) do you take?
ot=e 6 ottaa) excerpt
ote-taan 6 pres. pass. (ef. ottaa) one takes, let's take
ote-taan 7 pres. pass. (et. ottaa) is taken. (are) Iet's take
ote-ttu 5 past pass. pep. (ef. ottaa) taken
ot-i-n 3 past sl (et. ottaa) 1 took
otta-a 3 1 to take
otta-isi-mme 9 eond. p1 (ef. ottaa) we would take
otta-isi-n 7 eond. sl (et. ottaa) 1 would take
otta-isi-tte 3 eond. p2 (et. ottaa) you would take
otta-isi-tte-ko 3 eond. p2 (et. ottaa) would you take, have?
otta-kaa 3 imperat. p2 (et. ottaa) take. have
otta-ma-lla 12 111 Ad (et. ottaa) by ta king
otta-nut 3 past aet~ pepe (et. ottaa) has taken
otto+lapsi 10 adopted ehild
oudo=ksu-e-n 12 II Instr. (et. oudoksuaj < outo) to eonsider something strange or surprising
outo 8 strange, odd
o-vat 1 p3 (ef. olla) they are
ove-lta 9 AbI (ef. ovi) at the door
G-88
G-89
G-90
G-91
G-92
G-93
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peri-Il 4 pAd at the destination
per=imminen 12 superl. utmost, tarthest
peri=ntee-t 6 pN (et. perinne) tradition
peri=nte=ise=sti 13 adv. traditionally
peri=nte=isi- 2 pP traditionai
peri=nt 14 inheritanee
peri-ty-i-ll 14 past pass. pcp. (et. peri) eharged, inherited
perjantai 1 Friday
perjantai-na 1E on Friday
permanenti-n 6 G (et. permanentti) permanent, perm
permanentti 6 perm, permanent
permanno-Ita 9 AbI (et. permanto) form the orchestra
permanto 9 orchestra (in the theater), stalls
persikka 7 peach
persilja 7 parsley
persilja-a' 7 P parsley
peruna 3 potato
peruna+muhe=nn=os 5 mashed potatoes
peruna+piirakka-a 5 P potato pastry
peruna+sose 5 mashed potatoes
peruna+sose-tta 5 P mashed potatoes
peru-n+kirj=oit=us 14 inventory atter a deceased person
peruno-i-ta 3 pP potatoes
perus+el=ke 14 basie pension
perus+koulu 14 a eomprehensive school consisting
of the nine lowest grades
perus+kurssi 2 basic eourse
perus+luvu-t 1 pN (ef. luku) eardinal numbers
perus+maks=u 7 basic charge
Perus+pankki 8 foundation bank
perus+rata 6 basie track
peru=st=ee=llise=sti 8 adv. throughly
peru=ste-ttiin 6 past pass. (ef. perustaa) was established
perustus+lai=llinen 14 (ef. laki) constitutional
peruukke-j-a 6 pP (ef. peruukki) wigs
peruukki 6 wig
Per+meri 11 Bay of Bothnia
pese=ydy-tn 8 pres. pass. refl. (ef. peseyty) onewashes oneself
G-94
G-95
G-96
G-97
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Pohjois+napa 12 North Pole
pohjois+osa-ssa 11 In northern part
pohjois+tuuli 11 north wind
poika 1 son, boy
poika+mies 1 bachelor
poika-mme 1 poss. sutt. our son
poika-nne 1 poss. sutt. your son
poika+puoli 10 stepson
poikkea-va-a jstk 12 pres. aet. pep. P
(et. poiketa) deviating
poikki 10 snapped in two, broken
pois 4 away
poist=u 8 irnperat. 52 (et. poistua) go awaYt make an exit
poist=u-e-ssa-nne 9 II In poss. sutt. while you leave t exit
(et. poistua)
poliisi+lait=okse-Ila 5 Ad in the police departrnent
poliisi-lIe 2 AI to the poliee
poliisi+ratsia 14 police raid
poliitt=inen 12 political
poliitt::::ise=sti 12 adv. politically
politikoi-minen 6 IV (et. politikoida) playing politics
polku+pyr 4 bieycle
polta 2 neg. stem (et. polttaa) to smoke, to burn
polta-n 3 s1 (et. polttaa) 1 srnoke
polta-tte-ko 3 p2 (et. polttaa) do you smoke?
polte-ta 3 pass. pres. neg. stern (et. polttaa) to srnoke (neg. stern)
poltta-a 3 1 tr. to burn, to srnoke
poltta-a-ko 3 s3 does (he) srnoke?
poltta-kaa 3 imperat. p2 (ct. polttaa) smokel
popliini+takki 6 poplin eoat
porkkana 7 carrot
porkkano-i-ta 7 pP (ct. porkkana) earrots
poro-n+kr=ist=ys 5 tried reindeer rneat
poro-n+kr=ist=ys-t 5 P sauteed reindeer
poro-n+paisti-a 5 P reindeer steak
posliini+tehdas 6 porcelain tactory
posti 2 post otfice
posti+ennakko 7 C.O.D.
G-98
G-99
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puh=ee-n 4 G speeeh
puh=ee-n+johta=ja 8 chairman
puhe+kieli 1 eolloquial language
puh=el=ime-en 5 II (ef. puhelin) to the phone
puh=el=ime-n 8 G (et. puhelin) telephone
puh-el=ime-ssa 5 In on the phone
puh=el=im=itse 8 adv. by phone
puh=el=in 2 telephone
puhelin+aakko=se-t 8 pN telephone alphabet
puhelin+kioski 2 phone booth
puhelin+koppi 2 phone booth
puhelin+lasku-n 8 G telephone bill
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-n 13 G phone book
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-ssa 7 ln in the telephone book
puhelin+lue=tt=el=o-sta 6 El from a telephone book
puhelin+palv=el=u 5 N phone serviee
puh=el=in-ta 2 P telephone
puhelin+verkko 8 telephone network
puhelin+yhdist=ykse-en 9 ln (ef. yhdistys) to the telephone company
puhelin+yhdist=ys 9 telephone company
puh=el=u 5 telephone eall
puhe=lu-n 5 G telephone eall, talking
puhe+miehe-n 14 G (eL mies) speaker (in parliament)
puhe+mies 14 speaker, spokesman
puh=e-tta 4 P speeeh
puhki 7 blown (out), piereed
puhtaa-na+pito+lait=os 11 sanitation department
puhtaa=sti 6 adv. (ef. puhdas) purely
puhu' 4 neg. stern (ef. puhua) speak
puhu-a 4 1 to speak
puhu-i 4 past 83 (ef. puhua) spoke
puhu-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (ef. puhua) speak
puhu-n 4 sl (ef. puhua) 1 speak
puhu-nut 1 past aet. pep. (ef. puhua) spoken
puhu-t 4 s2 (ef. puhua) speak
puhu-tte 4 p2 (ef. puhua) you speak
puhuttelu+muoto-a 4 P form of address
puhuttelu+muoto-na 4 E as a form of address
G-IOO
G-IOl
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Puolustus+liitto 12 defense organization
puolustus+ministeri 14 seeretary of defense
puolustus+minister=i 14 Department of Defense
puolustus+voima-i-n 13 pG defense forees
pure=ma 10 bite
purje=hti-mise-sta 10 IV El (ef. purjehtia) sailing
puru+rada-Ila 10 Ad (cf. rata) on the jogging trail
puru+rata 10 jogging path
pusero 6 blouse
pusero-t 6 pN blouses
putka 14 jail
putka-an-kin 511 to the jail, too
puu+haaruka-t 6 pN (cf. haarukka) wooden forks
puuska=inen 11 gusty
puu+tarha 9 garden
puu+tarha+osa=sto 6 gardening department
puu+villa 6 cotton
puu+villa,a 6 P cotton
puu+villa+sekoite+kerra=sto-j-a 6 pP partly cotton (thermal) underwear
puvu-t 6 pN (ef. puku) suits
pyh-i-en 13 pG (cf. pyh) holy saints
pyh-i-n 9 pE (ef. pyh) on Sundays
pyhi=tt=j-i-n 13 pG those who sanetify
pyh 1 Sunday, holy (adj.)
pyh-i-n+piv 13 All Saints' Day
pyh+koulu 13 Sunday school
pyh+koulu-ssa 13 In in Sunday school
pyrki- 14 I to seek admission, to strive (for or after)
pyry 11 whirling snow
pyry=tt- 11 I to snow whirling
pyssy+mieh-i- pP (ef. mies) gunmen, riflers
pysty-isi-n 8 eond. sl (ef. pysty) I would be able
pysty-yn 14 II up(right)
pysty- 8 1 to be able to
pysy-y 11 s3 (ef. pysy) stays
pysy- 11 I to stay (put)
pys=ht=y-minen 8 IV pyshty) stopping
pyshtymis+merki-n+anto+nappi-a 7 P stop signal button
0-102
(R)
G-IOS
G-I06
G-I07
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rintama+lis 14 veterans' supplement
ripe~yt-t 9 P (ef. ripeys) quiekness, briskness
ripe=sti 9 briskly
rippi+koulu-ssa 13 1n confirmation school
ripu=sta-a 9 1 tr. to hang (up), suspend
riste=il=y-it 7 El from the cruise
ris te=i l=y-n 12 G cruise
riste=ys 8 intersection
risti-n 7 G cross
risti=ise-t 13 pN christening party
r1V1 9 row, line
rivi-st 9 El from the row
rivi+talo 1 townhouse, rowhouse
rohkea 1 brave
romantt=inen 1 romantic
romu 4 wreck
romu-ksi 4 T wreck
roomalais+katolinen 13 adj. Roman Catholic
roska+pnt-n 7 G (eL pntt) trash can
rouva 1 Mrs.
rouva-n 6 G Mrs.
rouva-lIe 4 Al to the lady
ruis 3 rye
rukka=nen 6 mitten
rukous+piv-n 13 G day set for general prayers
rukous+sunnuntai 13 day of prayer
rul1i-t eol1oq. 13 pN trolls
runko+patja 9 box spring
ruoka 3 food
ruoka-a 4 P food
ruoka+halu-a 5 P appetite
ruoka=il=u 9 dining
ruokailu+paikka 7 eating place
ruoka+lista 5 menu
ruoka+lista-an 5 Il menu
ruoka+lusikka 3 tablespoon
ruoka+ohj=e 5 N reeipe (dial-a-recipe)
ruoka+pyt 9 dining table
G-I08
(8)
G-I09
G-IIO
G-lll
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savu+silako-i-ta 7 pP (ef. silakka) smoked Baltie herrings
sauna 5 steam bath
sauna-a 5 P sauna bath
sauna-an 8 II to sauna
sauna+hullu-t 8 pN those crazy about sauna
sauna+kahvi-t 8 pN sauna eoffee
sauna-lle 8 Al for/to sauna
sauna+osa=sto 5 sauna bath department
Sauna+seura-n 8 G sauna society's
sauna-ssa 8 In in the sauna
sauna-sta 8 El from the sauna
saun=o-mise-n 8 IV G (ef. saunoa) bathing in the sauna
saun=o-mi-sta 8 IV El (ef. saunoa) bathing in the sauna
saunota 8 imperat. s2 (ef. saunottaa) to bathe in the sauna
savu=ke 3 cigarette
savu=kkee-t 3 pN (et. savuke) eigarettes
savu=kke-i-ta 5 pP (et. savuke) cigarettes
savu=ste-l:tu-a 5 past pass. pep. P (ef. savustaa) smoked
se 1 it
se-hn 3 it
sein 2 wall
sein-ll 2 Ad on the wall
sein+vaate 9 wall hanging (lit., wall eloth)
seiso-a 2 1 to stand
seiso-o 2 s3 (ef. seisoa) stands
seiso-va 5 pres. aet. pep. (ef. seisoa) standing
seitsemn 1 seven
seitsem=nne-ss 2 In (ef. seitsems) in the seventh
seitsem=s 1 seventh
seitsem-n 9 II (ef. seitsemn) seven
seitsikko 7 noun seven
seivs+hypp=y 10 pole vault
sekoite+kangas 6 mixed fabrie
sektori-n 14 G sector
se-k 7 and
selitt- 5 1 to explain
selke 11 elear
selke- 4 P elear
G-112
G-113
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sien-i- 7 pP mushrooms
siev 11 pretty
sihteeri 14 seeretary
siika 7 whitefish
siika-a 7 P whitefish
sii-n 2 E (ef. se) right there (previously mentioned)
sii-n-hn 1 E (ef. se) (wellI ) there
siirr=y 8 imperat. s2 (ef. siirty) intr. to move, to transfer
siirt=o=lainen 14 immigrant, emigrant
siirto+lippu 7 transfer tieket
siirt=y-y 6 s3 (ef. siirty) moves, is transferred
siirt=y- 11 1 intr. to move
siirt- 8 tr. to transfer
sii-t 2 El (ef. se) of it
sijait-a 12 1 be situated
sija-sta 9 El (G+) postposit. instead of
sijo-i-Ita-an 10 pAbl poss. suff. (ef. sija) disloeated
silaka-Ile 4 AI (ef. silakka) herring
silaka-n 13 G (ef. silakka) Baltie herring
silakka 3 Baltie herring
silakka+pitsa-a 3 P herring pizza
silako-i-ta 7 pP (ef. silakka) Baltie herring
sili=t=ys 5 (ef. silitt; <sile) ironing
si-Ile 1 AI (ef. se) to it
silli 3 herring
silli- 3 P herring
si=lloin-kaan 10 adv. se) even then
si-Il 4 eonj. (ef. se) beeause
si-Il 8 Ad (ef. se) with it
silm-Il 5 Ad keep (an eye)
silm-nne 10 poss. suff. your eyes
silm+taudi-t 10 pN (ef. tauti) eye diseases
silm+vamma 10 eye injury
si-It 2 AbI (ef. se) from that (eolloq.)
sima-a 13 P mead (a drink made of lemon and hops)
sinappi+kastike-tta 5 P mustard sauee
sin=inen 2 blue
sin=isen 3 G/A (ef. sininen) blue
G-114
G-115
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s1sa-an 1 II into
sisn+ky=nti 9 entranee
sisn+psy+maks=u 5 entrance fee
si=tten 1 then
si-t 1 P (ef. se) it
siunaus+tilais=uus 13 burial serviee
siveys+oppi 14 ethies
siviili+rekisteri 13 civil register
siviili+rekisteri-in 13 II civil register
siviili+st=y io maritaI status
sivu 2 page, side
sivu-i-Ita 6 pAbl from the sides
sivu-Ha 2 AbI from the page
sivu-un 8II to the shoulder/side
skool 1 here is to your health
skorpioni 1 seorpio, seorpion
snapsi-t 3 p NjA aqua vitae
sohjo 11 slush
sohva 9 sofa, eoueh
sohva+pyt 9 eoffee table
soi 14 imperat. s2 (ef. soida) ring, sound
so=inen 12.adj. (ef. suo) swampy
so-i-ta 12 pP (ef. suo) swamps
soita-t 5 s2 you ca11
soi=ta-mme 10 pl (ef. soittaa) we' 11 ca11
soi=tta-a 2 1 tr. to phone, to play
soi=tta-kaa 9 imperat. p2 (ef. soittaa) ca11
soi=tta-ma-Ila 6 111 Ad (ef. soittaa) by phoning
soi=tt=o 6 ca11
sokea=i-n+lhe=t=ykse-t 7 pN (ef. lhetys) dispatehes for blind people
sokeri 3 sugar
sokeri-a 3 P sugar
sokeri+astia 3 sugar dish
sokeri+herne-i-t 7 pP sugar pies
solm=io 6 tie
Sonnisen 5 G (ef. Sonninen) proper name
soopa 4 eolloq. nOnsense
soopa-a eolloq. 4 P nonsense
G-116
G-117
G-IIB
G-119
G-120
G-121
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s-kin = sinkin 4 eolloq. you, too
snky 9 bed
srj-i-t past s2 (ef. srke) you broke
srke-e s3 (ef. srke) hurts, (it) aches
srke- 1 to hurt, pain
srk=y-v pres. aet. pep. (ei. srky) fragile
srk=y-v- 7 pres. aet. pep. P (ef. srky) fragite, breakable
s 2 weather
sde-ttiin 13 past pass. (ef. st) was passed/legislated
snn=llinen 10 (cf. snt) regular
snn=tn 12 without rules, irregular
snt-j-en 8 pG rules
sri+luu 10 shinbone
sski 11 mosquito
sst=vinen 1 thrifty
sst- 8 1 to save
Sst+pankki 8 savings bank
sst+ti'li 8 a savings account
s+tied=ot=ukse-n 4 G (ef. tiedotus) weather report
s+tied=ot=us 4 weather report
st=i-i-den 14 pG foundation, institution
sty+talo 12 House of Estates (historical place)
st- 13 1 legislate, pass a law
S01-n 3 past sl (ef. syd) 1 ate
s-isi-n-k 5 eond. sl (ef. syd) should 1 eat7
(T)
taala 5 dollar
taas 2 again
tahdi=kas 1 tactful
tahdo-n 4 sl (cf. tahtoa) 1 want/will
tahko+juusto-a 7 P Swiss cheese
taho-j-en 14 pG quarter, source
tahto-a 11 1 tend, to wi 11
tai 3 or
taidat 3 neg. stem (ef. taitaa) may
taide+halli 9 art gallery
G-122
G-123
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ta 11etus+ti l i 8 savings aeeount
talo 1 house
talo-n G/A 4 house
talo-n+mies 9 janitor
talo-n+poikais+tyyli- 12 P ruralvernaeular
talo-j-a 6 pP houses
talo-n+poikais+huone+kalu-t 6 pN peasant furniture, rustie furniture
talo-n+poikais+rake=nn=uka-i-ssa 6 pln peasant buildings (rural)
(ef. rakennus)
talous+jrje=st= 12 eeonomic organization
talous+tiet=o 14 eeonomics
talve-a 10 P (ef. talvi) winter
talvi 1 winter
talvHfarku-t 6 pN (ef. farkku) winter jeans
talvi+hattu 6 winter hat
talvi+kausi 10 winter season
talvHkeng-t 6 pN (eL kenk) winter shoes
talvHlakki 6 winter vest
talvi+poplari-t 6 pN winter poplin eoata
talvHsaappaa-t 6 pN (ef. saapas) winter boots
tauuni 1 oak
tauuni+kuu 1 January
tango-ssa 13 In (ef. tanko) hoisted, on the pole
tankat-a 7 I to fi11 (tank)
tankkaa' 7 imperat. 82 (ef. tankata) fi 11 the tank I
tankki 7 tank
tanska 4 Danish language
tanssi 5 danee
tanssi-a 9 1 to dance
tanssi-a 5 P dance, dancing
tanssi-ma-an. 9 111 II (ef. tanssia) to danee
tapa 5 eustom, way, habit
tapa=a-ma-an 7 111 II (ef. tavata) to meet
tapa=a-n 5 11 style, manner
tapa=htu-a 4 1 to happen
tapa=htu-isi 9 eond. neg. stem (ef. tapahtua) would (not) happen
tapa=htu-nut 2 past aet. pcp. (ef. tapahtua) happened
tapa+turma 14 (work) aecident
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tasa-n 2 lnstr. adv. sharp, exaetly
tasa+pain=o 14 balanee
tasa+valla-n 13 G (ef. valta) republie
tasku 6 poeket
tas=oite-taan 6 pres. pass. (ef. tasoittaa) is trimmed
tas=oitta-a 6 1 tr. trim, level
tas=oit=utta-a 6 1 to have trimmed
taso+riste=ys 8 level erossing
tauko 2 pause
taulu 2 blaekboard
taulu=ko-n 12 G (eL taulukko) ehart
tauti 10 disease
tava-Ila 6 Ad (ef. tapa) way, manner
tava=llinen 7 tapa) ordinary
tava=llinen-kin 8 adj. ordinary
tava=llise-n 7 G (ef. tavallinen) ordinary, regular
tava=llise-na 7 E (ef. tavallinen) as regular
tava=llis-i-a 7 pP adj. (ef. tavallinen) regular, ordinary
tava=llis-ta 7 P (ef. tavallinen) ordinary
tavan-nut 1 past aet. pep. (ef. tavata) met
tavara-a 7 P goods
tavara+juna 9 freight train
tavara+liike=ntee-n 9 G (ef. liikenne) freight traffie
tavara+lue=tt=el=o-t 7 pN sales eatalogues
tavara-n 6 G goods
tavar+ny=tt=ee-t 7 pN (eL nyte) samples of goods
tavara+selo=st=ee-t 7 pN (ef. seloste) deseriptions of goods
tavara+talo 2 department store
tavara+talo-ssa 6 1n in the department store
tavat=a 1 l to meet
tava-taan 9 pres. pass. (ef. tavata) let's meet
tava-tta-v-i-ssa 5 pres. pass. pep. pln available
(ef. tavata)
tavo-i-n 5 p1nstr. (ef. tapa) (by) ways
tavu 2 syllable
te 1 p2 polite sg. you
teatteri 4 theater
teatteri+lipu-t 9 pN (ef. lippu) theater tiekets
G-126
G-127
G-128
G-129
G-130
G-131
touko+kuu 1 may
toverias. abbr. for toveri+asunnon 9 (ef. asunto) shared aeeommodation
treffi-t 5 pN eolloq. date
troopp=ise-t 10 pN (ef. trooppinen) tropieal
tuhka+kuppi 3 ashtray
tuisku 11 driving snowstorm
tuisku=tta-a 11 1 to snow (driving)
tuka-n+leikka=us-ta 6 P haireutting
tuke=htu-minen 10 IV (ef. tukehtua) suffoeation
tuki+lis 14 subsidy supplement
tuki+lis- 7 P additional benefit (extra)
tuki+osa 14 subsidy portion
tukka 6 hair (of the head)
tukka-ni 6 poss. suff. my hair
tukka-nne 6 poss. suff. your hair
tukke=utu-a 8 I clog up
tule-e 4 s3 (ef. tulla) it comes, it will
tule=htu-a 10 I intr. to become infected
tule=htu-nut 10 past aet. pep. (ef. tulehtua) infeeted
tule-ma-an 9 III II (ef. tulla) to come
tule-n 4 sl (ef. tulla) 1 eome
tule-t 4 s2 (ef. tulla) you come
tule-tte 2 p2 (ef. tulla) you eome
tule-va 7 pres. aet. pep. (ef. tulla) fortheoming, future
tule-va-n 10 pres. aet. pep. G (ef. tulla) coming
tule-vat 2 p3 (ef. tulla) come
tule-vat-kin 3 p3 (ef. tulla) (they) come, too
tul-i 10 past s3 (ef. tulla) became, eame
tulHpalo 11 uncontrolled fire
tuli+palo+pakkanen 11 N bitingly cold
tul-isi 6 eond. s3 (ef. tulla) would come
tul-isi-vat 3 condit. p3 (ef. tulla) (they) would eome
tuli+ter+kunno-ssa 6 In (ef. kunto) in brand-new condition
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tuli+vuore-n+purka=us 4 eruption of a voleano
tulkki 14 interpreter
tul-la 2 1 to eome, to beeome
tullat=a 5 1 to deelare (eustoms)
tul1at-ta-va-a 5 pres. pass. pep. P (ef. tuIIata) to be deelared (eustoms)
tulli 5 eustoms
tulli +asema 8 eustoms station
tulli+tarka=st=us 5 eustoms eheek
tul=o-i-sta 14 pEl ineome
tuI=o-i-sta-an 13 pEI, poss. suff. his/her ineome
tulo+lue=tt=el=o 7 register of ineoming maiI
tulo+matka 9 return trip
tulo-n+siirr=o-t 14 pN (cf. siirto) ineome transfer (redistribution)
tul=o-ssa 7 1n eoming
tuI=o-t 8 pN ineome, proeeeds, profit
tulva 12 Hood
tuIvi-a 11 1 intr. Hood
turnma-n+ruskea 6 dark brown
turnma-n+sini=nen 4 dark blue
tundra 12 tundra
tung=os 10 erowd, erush
tunne-n 1 sl (ef. tuntea) 1 know
tunne-tte-ko 1 p2 (ef. tuntea) do you know?
tunne-ttu-a 12 past pass. pep. P(ef. tuntea) well-known
tunne-ttu-j-a 6 past pass. pep. pP (ef. tuntea) wel1-known
tunne-ttu-j-en 9 past pass. pep. pG (ef. tuntea) well-known
tunne-tu-imp-i-a 6 past pass. pep. superl. best-known
pP (ef. tunnetuin; tuntea)
tunne-tu-in 5 past pass. pep. superl.
(et. tuntea) best-known
tunne-tu-ksi 6 past pass. pep. T (ef. tuntea) known
tunni-n 2 G/A (ef. tunti) hour
tunni-t 2 pN (ef. tunti) lessons, hours
tunn=ust=ukse=llinen 13 confessional, denominational
tuns-i-n 9 past sl (ef. tuntea) 1 felt, 1 knew
tunte-a 1 1 to know
tunt=ee=llinen 1 tunne, tuntea) sentimental
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(U)
unohta-a 51 to forget
unohta-nut 5 past act. pep. (ef. unohtaa) forgotten
unoht-i 4 past s3 (ef. unohtaa) forgot
un-ta 4 P (eL uni) sleep
upea 11 magnifieent
upo=te-ttu 5 past pass. pep. (ef. upottaa) poaehed, 'sunk'
upot=ta-va 11 pres. pass. pep. (ef. upottaa) sinking
uha-11a 7 Ad (ef. uhka) under threat
ui-da 4 I to swim
uima+a11as 5 swimming pool
ui-ma-an 8 III 11 (ef. uida) to swim
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utel=iais=uut-ta-ni 5 P poss. suff. out of (mere) euriosity
(ef. uteliaisuus)
utu 11 haze, mist
utu=is-ta 11 P (ef. utuinen) hazy, misty
uude=hko-sta 9 El uusi) again (somewhat new)
uude-Ile-en 2 AI poss. suff. (et. uusi) anew, again
uude-n+aika=inen 4 modern
uudistus+komitea-ssa 13 ln revising eommittee
uuni-sta 3 El from the oven
uus+apostoli=nen 13 neoapostolic
uusi 1 new
uusi-a 3 pP new
uusi-a 9 1 to renovate, to renew
uusi=nta 2 rerun
uusinta+esit=ys 9 repeated performanee, rerun
uus-i-Ile 6 pAI new
uusi=nta-na 2 E as a rerun
uusi-ttu 9 past pass. pep. (eL uusia) renovated, renewed
uus+klassis-ta 12 P (ef. klassinen) neoelassieal
uut=ise-t 2 pN (ef. uutinen) the news
uut=is-i-a 4 pP (et. uutinen) news
uut-ta 4 P (ef. uusi) new
uut=uuks-i-a 6 pP (et. uutuus; <uusi) the latest things out, novelties
(V)
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vaki=intu-nee-t 13 past aet. pep. pN established, eustomary
(cf. vakiintua)
vaki=intu-nut 13 past aet. pep. (et. vakiintua) eustomary
vako+sametti 6 eorduroy
vak=uute-tu-t 14 past pass. pep. pN those insured
(ef. vakuuttaa)
vak=uute-ttu 7 past pass. pep. (ef. vakuuttaa) insured
vak=uute-ttu-na 7 past pass. pep. E (as) insured
(cf. vakuuttaa)
vak=uu=tta-a 14 1 toassure, to insure
vak=uut=ukse-n 9 G (ef. vakuutus) insuranees
vak=uut=us 9 insuranee
vakuutus+arv=o 7 insuranee value (amount)
vakuutus+osa=sto 14 insuranee department
vala 14 oath
val=aise-mme 9 p1 (ef. valaista) we light
val=ais=ime-t 8 pN (ef. valaisin) lamps
val=ais-ta 10 1 to light
val=ais-tu 10 past pass. pep. (ef. valaista) lit
valikoi-du-n 12 past pass. pep. G (ef. valikoida) selected, hand-picked
valikoi=ma 7 selection
valinnais+aine-i-ta 14 pP optionai subjeets
vali=nna-t 14 pN (et. valinta) ehoiees, options
valinta+myy=m=l 7 supermarket
valio+kunta 14 . eommittee
val=ista=ja-i-n 13 pG those who enlighten/teaeh
valit-a 5 1 to ehoose, to eleet
vali-taan 14 pres. pass. (ef. valita) is eleeted
valita-n 5 sl (ef. valittaa) sorry
valite-tta-va=sti 1 pres. pass. pep. adv. unfortunately
valitse 5 imperat. s2 (ef. valita) to choose
val=itse-ma-sta 13 111 El. (ef. valita) eleeted (by)
valitsija+mies 14 eleetor
valitsija+mies-t 14 P eleetor
vali=tta-a 6 1 to eomplain, to lament, to appeal
vali-tta-va 14 pres. pass. pep. (ef. valita) to be chosen
valitta-vat 13 p3 (et. valittaa) regret, complain
valit=ukse-n 6 G (ef. valitus) complaint
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valuuta-ssa 8 ln (ef. valuutta) in eurreney
valuutta 5 eurreney
valuutta-a 5 P (foreign) eurreney
valuutta+kurssi-t 5 pN foreign exehange
valuutta+shekki+tili- 8 P eurreney eheeking aeeount
valuutta+talletus+tili-Ile 8 AI to the eurreney savings aeeount
valuutta+tarka=st=us 5 inspeetion of foreign eurreney
valvo=nta 14 wateh, eontrol, eheek
valvo-o 14 s3 (et. valvoa) keeps an eye on, be awake
vanha 2 old
Vanha-Ila abbr. tor Vanhalla at the old student house
ylioppilastalolla 9 Ad
vanha+piika 10 spinster
vanha+pilka 10 baehelor
vanhe-mma-t 10 eompar. pN (et. vanhempi) parents
vanhe-mm-i-ssa 12 eompar. p ln. (et. vanhempi)
vanhe-mpa-nne 10 eompar. poss. sutt. your parents
(cf. vanhemmat)
vanhe-mp-i-a 10 eompar. pP parents
vanhen=t=u-nee-Ita 12 past aet. pep. AbI arehaie, obsolete
(cf. vanhentua)
vanhen=t=u-nee-na 7 past act. pep. E obsolete, old
(et. vanhentua)
vanh-in 6 superl. (et. vanha) oldest
vanhuuden+tue-t 14 pN (et. tuki) old-age subsidy
vanilja 3 vanilla
vanilja+kerma-a 5 P vanilla eream
vanki=la 14 prison
vanno-n 14 sl (ef. vannoa) to swear, to take an oath
vapaa 9 tree
vapaa+ajatt=eli=ja 13 treethinker
vapaa+kirkko-j-a 13 pP (et. v-kirkko) tree church
vapaa-na 6 E tree
Vapa=hta=ja-mme 13 poss. suff. our Saviour
vap=ise-vat-ko 10 pl (et. vapista) do they tremble1
vappu 13 tirst at May, May Day
vara-a 10 imperat. s2 (et. varata) reserve
vara-lIe 8 AI adv. in ease ot
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vasta-an+ott=o 5 reeeption
vasta-an+ott=o-on 5 II (into) the reeeption
vasta=a-va=sti 14 pres. aet. pep. adv. eorrespondingly
vastata)
vasta-isi 6 eond. s3 (et. vastata) eorrespond
vasta=kkain 13 adv. against eaeh other, taeing eaeh other
vasta=kkais-i-lle 12 pAl (ef. vastakkainen) opposite
vasta+puhe=lu 5 eolleet eall
vasta+puh=elu-j-a 5 pP eolleet ealls
vasta+puh=elu-i-sta 5 pEl eolleet eall
vasta+puhe=lu-n 5 G eolleet eall
vastat=a 2 1 to answer, to be responsible for
vastat-kaa 2 imperat. p2 (et. vastata) answer
vasta=ukse-t 9 pN (ef. vastaus) answers
vasta=uks-i-a 9 pP (et. vastaus) answers, responses
vasta=us 2 answer
vast=uu 14 responsibility
vatsa 3 stomaeh
vatsa-a-ni 10 II poss. suff. my stomaeh
vatsa+kipu 10 stomaeh pain
vatsa-lle 3 Al for the stomaeh
vatsa-lle-ni 3 Al poss. suft. ior my stomaeh
vauhdi-lla 9 Ad (ef. vauhti) at the speed
vaunu-ssa 9 In in the ear
vauva 10 baby
vauva-ni 10 poss. suff. my baby
vede-n+pit-v 6 pres. aet. pep. waterproof
(et. vesi+pit)
vede-n+vara=a=ja 9 (ef. vesi+varata) water heater
vede-ss .8 In (ef. vesi) in water
vede-tt-isi-in-k 10 pass. eond. (ei. vet) should we pull?
veikkaus+uut=ise-t 5 pN (et. uutinen) betting news
veikkaus+vihj=e 5 N betting tip
veitsi 3 knife
veli 10 brother
veljekse-t 9 pN (ef. veljes-) brothers
velje-n 10 G (ef. veli) brother's
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veto+oike=us 14 veto right
vet-t 3 P (eL vesi) water
vet-minen 4 IV (ef. vet) winding, pulling
vet- 4 1 to pull, to wind
via=llise-sta 6 El (et. viallinen; <vika) taulty
viehy+vesi 3 soda water
vichy+vet-t 3 P (cf. vesi) soda water
vie-d 9 1 to take (out), to export
vie-dn 6 pres. pass. (et. vied) are exported/taken
viel 1 sUll, yet
vienti+palv=el=u 6 export serviee
vieraa-Ile 8 AI (eL vieras) to the guest
viera=ili=ja-na 9 E as a guest (artist)
viera=il-laan 13 pres. pass. (et. vierailla) (one) visits
viera-i-l1e-si 8 pAI poss. suft. (et. vieras) to your guests
viera-i-ta 4 pP (cf. vieras) guests
vieras 3 guest
vieras+sauna 8 sauna tor guests
vieras-ta 8 P guest, unfamiliar, strange
viere=ise-n 9 G adj. (ef. viereinen) next
viesti+hiiht=o 10 reIay (skiing raee)
viete-t 13 pres. pass. neg. stern (et. viett)
viete-tn 13 pres. pass. (et. viett) is eelebrated/observed
viett- 13 1 to eeIebrate, observe
vie-vt 7 p3 (et. vied) Iead, take to
viha=inen 2 angry
vihannekse-t 7 pN (et. vihannes) vegetabIe(s)
vihanneksi-a 5 pP (et. vihannes) vegetables
viha-ttu 12 past pass. pep. (ef. vihata) hated
vihda-lla 8 Ad (et. vihta) with the whisk
vihi-tty-j- 10 past pass. pep. pP rnarried
(cf. vihki)
vihki+sormus-ta 10 P wedding ring
vihki- 10 tr. 1 to rnarry
vihki=ise-t 13 pN wedding party
vihre 2 green
vihre-t 14 pN the Greens (politieal)
vihta = vasta 8 birch-leaf whisk
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viipy-y 5 s3 (et. viipy) stays
viipy- 5 1 to stay, to linger
Viisas 1 wise
viisaude-n+hammas 10 (et. viisaus) wisdom tooth
viisi 1 five
viisi+ott=el=u 10 pentathlon
viito=nen 7 noun viisi) five
viitsi' 4 neg.stem (et. viitsi) eare
viitsi- 4 1 to eare to
viit-t 2 P (et. viisi) five
viit-t+toista 2 P (ef. viisi) fifteen
viiva-ttu 8 past pass. pep. (et. viivata) erossed, lined (eheek)
viivy-n 5 s1 (et. viipy) 1 stay
vika 7 tault, problem
vika+ilm=oit=us 5 N repair serviee
villa 6 wool
villa-a 6 P wool
villa+pai ta 6 sweater
vi lla+takki 6 sweater, cardigan
vilkas 1 lively
vilkka-in 9 superl. (et. vilkas) liveliest
villi -n 4 G wild
vilv=oit=el-laan 8 pres. pass. one eools oft
(et. vilvoitella)
vira=llinen 13 otficial
vira=llise=sti 14 adv. (et. virallinen; < virka) officially
vira=llise-t 13.pN (et. virallinen; < virka) official
viran+oma=is-ten 8 pG (et. viranomainen) (police) oftieials
vira-ssa 1 1n (ef. virka) in the office
vira=sto-j-a 10 pP offiees
vira=sto-j-en 10 pG offiees
virhee=llise-st 6 El adj. (ef. virheellinen) ineorrect
virka+aika 2 office hours
virka+aika-na 9 E during otfice hours
virka+asu=nto 9 (ottieial) residence
virka+matka 5 business trip
virka+matka-lla 5 Ad business (otfieial) trip
virka+miehe-t 14 pN (ef. mies) civil servants
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voi-ta 3 P butter
voitas = voi-ta-isi 4 eolloq. eond. pres. pass.
neg. stem
voi-tte 1 p2 (et. voida)
voi-tte-ko 2 p2 (et. voida) ean you?
voitt-i-vat 6 past p3 (et. voittaa) won
vokaali 2 vowel
vuode 9 bed
vuode-ksi 9 T (et. vuosi) tor a year
vuode-n+aja-t 1 pN (et. vuosi+aika) seasons
vuode-n+aiko-j-en 10 pG (ef. vuosi+aika) seasons
vuode-ssa 13 In (et. vuosi) in a year
vuode-sta 7 El (et. vuosi) (from) year
vuokra 9 rent
vuokraa I 6 imperat. s2 (et. vuokrata) rentl
vuokra=a-ma-an 4 111 II (et. vuokrata) to rent
vuokra=a-minen 9 IV (ef. vuokrata) renting t leasing
vuokra-n 9 G rent
vuokra+sopi=mukse-n 9 G (ef. sopimus) rental agreement
vuokrat=a 4 1 to rent t to lea se
vuokra+tarjo=ukse-t 9 pN (et. tarjous) bidding tor leasing
vuoksi 8 (G+) postposit. for
vuon-na 7 E (et. vuosi) in a year
vuori 6 lining t mountain
vuori+neuvo=s 13 an honorary title given ta persons who have
distinguished themselves in industry
vuoro 7 turn
vuoro+kaude-n 10 G (ef. kausi) day and night
vuoro+kaude-lta 9 AbI (ef. kausi) per day
vuoro+kausi 2 day and night
vuoro-nne 6 poss. suft. your turn
vuoro+vaikut=us 12 interaetion
vuosi 1 year
vuosi+keski+arv=o-t 11 pN annual mean vaIue
vuosi+ lippu 7 yearly tieket
vuos-i=ttain 8 adv. yearly
vuota-vat 10 p3 (ef. vuotaa) run (eyes), leak
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vli=tn 14 direet, immediate, spontaneous
vre-j- 6 pP (cf. vri) eolors
vri 6 eolor
vri+huuht=el=u-n 6 G eolor rinse
vri-t 6 pN eolors
vsy=tt- 4 1 tr. make one tired
vsy=tt--k 4 s3 tr. are you tired?
vsyt 4 neg. stem (eL vsytt) to feel tired
vvy 10 son-in-law
vyl 8 ehannel, freeway
(Y)
ydin+voima-n 8 G nuelear power
yhdeksikk 7 noun yhdeksn) nine
yhdeks-lt 2 AbI (ef. yhdeksn) at nine
yhdeksn 1 nine
yhdeksn+kahdeksa-a 7 P (ef. kahdeksan) unleaded
yhdeks=s 1 ninth
yhdeks-st 2 El (ef. yhdeksn) from nine
yhdeks-+kymrnen-t+kah-ta 7 P (ef. kaksi) ninety-two
yhde-lt 2 AbI (ef. yksi) at one
yhde-ss 2 In yksi) together
yhde=s+toista 1 eleventh
yhde-st 2 El (ef. yksi) from one
yhde-st+toista 2 AbI (ef. yksi) from eleven
yhd=iste-tn 5 pres. pass. (ef. yhdist) to eonneet
Yhdistyneet kansa+kunna-t 12 pN (ef. kunta) United Nations
yhdys+kunna-t 13 pN (ef. kunta) eommunities
yhdys+kunta 13 eomrnunity
Yhdys+pankki 8 united bank
Yhdys+valla-t 1 pN (ef. valta) United States
Yhdys+valta-i-n 5 pG (ef. vallat) of the United States
Yhdys+valto-i-hin 8 pII (ef. vallat) to the United States
yheksn = yhdeksn 1 eolloq. nine
yhte-en+toista 2 II (ef. yksi) eleven
yhte-en+veto-na 8 E as a summary
yhte=is-i- 10 pP (ef. yhteinen) eommon, joint
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iti 10 mother
iti-en+piv 13 Mother's Day
iti-ns 1 poss. suff. his/her mother
iti+puole-en 10 II (ef. puoli) . (as for) stepmother
iti+puole-sta 10 El (ef. puoli) stepmother
iti+puoli 10 stepmother
itiys+avu=st=us 14 maternity benefit
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itiys+loma 14 maternity leave
itiys+neuvola+toimi=nta 14 prenatal (and postnatal) clinic practiee
itiys+raha-t 14 pN maternity henefit in cash
ki=llinen 10 sudden
k=inen 8 adj. angry
k=ise-t 8 pN (ef. kinen) angry
l-k 3 imperat. neg. p2 don't!
ly=ks 1 intelligent, smart
l' 4 imperat. s2 neg. don't!
ne-ll 8 Ad (ef. ni) voice, sound
ni+merkke-j 8 pP (ef. merkki) blast, signal
ni+oike=ude-n 14 G (ef. oikeus) voting eight
ni+oike=ude-sta 14 El voting eight
ni+oike=us 14 right ta vote, franchise
()
ljy 7 oil
ljy-ll 9 Ad with oil
ljy+lmmi=t=ys 9 oil heating
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.. u. s. COVERNN:NT PRINTlNC OrrICE 11987- 174-'65.60239