sri82017 Han (stato) - Wikipedia Han (state) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Han (Chinese: #, Old Chinese: */g/‘ar) was an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China, located in Han modem-day Shanxi and Henan. oe BE Its territory directly blocked the passage of the state of Qin into the “Gar North China Plain and thus it was a frequent target of Qin’s military Kingdom operations, Although Han had attempted several self-strengthening reforms (notably under the noted legalist Shen Buhai), it never 403 ne-230 Bc overcame Qin and was instead the first of the warring states to be conquered by it. 1260 BCE The Qin invasion of Han's Shangdang Commandery ushered in the bloodiest battle of the whole period (at Changping) in 260 ac. Contents 1 History = LI Founding = 1.2 Spring and Autumn period = 1.3 Warring States Period = 14 Defeat Cull 'd soc Capital Yangzhai (before 375 pc) = 2 Culture and society Xinzheng (after 375 nc) = 3 Rulers = 4 Rulers family tree Religion Chinese folk religion = 5 Famous people ancestor worship = 6 Han in astronomy Government Monarchy = 7 See also an = 8 References Historical era Warring States period + Partition of Jin 403 nc . + Conquered History by Qin 2308e Currency _ spade money Founding other ancient Chinese coinage According to the Records of the Grand Historian, the royal family Preceded by Succeeded by of Han were a cadet branch of the Zhou dynasty. Members of the Jin (Chinese Qin family became ministers in the powerful state of Jin and were state) Dynasty granted Hanyuan (modern Hancheng in Shaanxi), Spring and Autumn period Han Traditional Chinese e@ During the Spring and Autumn period, the Han family gradually gained influence and importance within Jin, They were made F Simplified Chinese ct (cr, "viscounts"). In 403 ac, Jing of Han, along with Wen of Wei i foned fi ° ‘Transcriptions and Lie of Zhao partitioned Jin among themselves. In Chinese Standard Mandarin helen wikipeds.orgvikiHan, (stats) 18sri82017 Han (stat) - Wikipedia history, this Partition of Jin is the event which marks the end of Hanyu Pinyin Hin the Spring and Autumn period and the beginning of the Warring ye Piny States. Subsequently, Han was an independent polity. King Lie Gwoyeu Romatzyh Harn eventually recognized the new states and elevated the rulers to | Wade-Giles Han? AB (hou, "marquess"). IPA [xin] Warring States Period ‘Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Hobn Han's highest point occurred under the rule of Marquess Xi. Xi appointed Shen Buhai as his chancellor and implemented his Jyutping Hon Legalist policies. These strengthened the state and the realm became a xiaokang society. Under Xuanhui (332-312 ac), Han declared itself an independent kingdom. Southern Min Tai-16 Han Old Chinese However, Han was disadvantaged in the competition of the Warring States because Jin's partition had left it surrounded on all sides by other strong states — Chu to the south, Qi to the east, Qin to the west, and Wei to the north. It was the smallest of the seven states and, without any easy way to expand its own territory and resources, it was bullied militarily by its more powerful neighbors. Baxter-Sagart “(slr hi w ddr Ss Defeat During its steady decline, Han eventually lost the power to defend its territory and had to request military assistance from other states. The contest between Wei and Qi over control of Han resulted in the Battle of Maling, which established Qi as the preéminent state in the east. In 260 nc, Qin's invasion of Han led to Zhao intervention and the Battle of Changping. _ State of Han . A (small seal script, During the late years of the era, in an attempt to drain Qin’s resources in an expensive public 999 nc) works project, the state of Han sent the civil engineer Zheng Guo to Qin to persuade them to build a canal. The scheme, while expensive, backfired spectacularly when it was eventually completed: the irrigation abilities of the new Zhengguo Canal far outweighed its cost and gave Qin the agricultural and economic means to dominate the other six states. Han was the first to fall, in 230 ac In 226 BC, ex-Han nobility launched a was put to death the same year. led rebellion in former capital Xinzheng, and An, the last king of Han, Culture and society Before Qin unified China, each state had its own customs and culture. According to the ¥i Gong ot Tribute of Yu, composed in the 4th or Sth century ac and included in the Book of Documents, there were nine distinct cultural regions of China, which are described in detail in this book. The work focuses on the travels of the titular sage, Yu the Great, throughout each of the regions. Other texts, predominantly military, also discussed these cultural variations.[!1 One of these texts was The Book of Master Wu, written in response to a query by Marquis Wu of Wei on how to cope with the other states. Wu Qi, the author of the work, declared that the government and nature of the people were reflective of the terrain they live in. Of Han, he said: helen wikipeds.orgvikiHan, (stats) 28,sri82017 Han (state) - Wikipedia ‘The two states of Han and Zhao train their troops rigorously but have difficulty in applying their skills to the battlefield. — Ww, Master Wu Han and Zhao are states of the Central Plain, Theirs are a gentle people, weary from war and experienced in arms, but have little regard for their generals. The soldiers! salaries are meager and their officers have no strong commitment to their countries. Although their troops are experienced, they cannot be expected to fight to the death. To defeat them, we must concentrate large numbers of troops in our attacks to present them with certain peril. When they counterattack, we must be prepared to defend our positions vigorously and make them pay dearly. When they retreat, we must pursue and sive them no rest. This will grind them down. —Wuzi, Master Wu Rulers Title Name Reign Alternative Title(s) Pre-State sovereigns Wuri Han Wan way ea Sen unknown Dingbo ‘Han Jian Sue A Sat Ziyu Han Ya RM ex Xianzi Han Jué SRA ds Xuanzi Han Qi way Be Zhenzi Han Xo BAF Ra Tianzi Han Bixin emt AE ‘Zhuangzi Han Geng. SET BR Kangzi Han Hit BEF eR Wuzi Hein Qizh’ng _ wy ee 424 ac — 409 pc State sovereigns ‘Marquess Jing Han Qién abe ‘oe 408 ne — 400 pe hips wiped orhwikiMan (stato)sri82017 Han (stat) - Wikipedia Marquess Lie Han Qi. 399 ne — 387 Be Marquess Wu (Hat) BRU aL ee unknown 386 nc -377 ne ee unknown 376 ne—374 nc Marquess Gong Han Ruoshan 3 Marquess Zhuang (WE SeSbGe eu 374 nc - 363 ne fe) : tf Marquess Yi (##i@%¢(%) “oe. at 362 pc —333 nc Marquess Zhao (#001) - King Xuan (EE) A unknown 332ec—312Bc Marquess Wei (#882 (%), 7 before 323 ac King Xiang wn . King Xiang’ai (#42 2) we wunknown Sl e=2968¢ Ting Daoxiang (Hi) King Xi Han Ji, _ BRC ae 295 pe - 273 Bc ‘King Huanbui unknown 272. nc— 239 nc 238 nc - 230 ne Rulers family tree Famous people + Han Fei, a Legalist philosopher + Zhang Liang, a major figure in the early Han dynasty = Zheng Guo, the hydraulic engineer who designed the Zhengguo Canal for Qin Han in astronomy ‘Han is represented by the star 35 Capricorni in the "Twelve States" asterism, part of the "Girl" lunar mansion in the "Black Turtle" symbol. Han is also represented by the star Zeta Ophiuchi in the "Right Wall” asterism, part of the "Heavenly Market" enclosure.2] See also * Chinese nobility References 1. Lewis 2007, p. 12 helen wikipeds.orgvikiHan, (stats) 4“sri82017 Han (stato) - Wikipedia 2. Activities of Exhibition and Education in Astronomy. "FV BANG (hutp://aeea.nmns.edu.tw/2006/0606/ -9p060624 him)". 24 Jun 2006, (Chinese) + Sima Qian. Records of the Grand Historian, Ch. 45 + Zizhi Tongjian Volumns 1-6 Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title-Han_(state)&oldid=761526420" Categories: Former monarchies | Former countries in East Asia | 400s BC in Asia States and territories established in the Sth century BC | Ancient Chinese states | Han (state) Jin (Chinese state) | History of Henan | 230 BC | States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century BC 3rd-century BC disestablishments in Asia | Ist-millennium BC disestablishments in China Sth-century BC establishments in China * This page was last edited on 23 January 2017, at 12:45. = Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization, hips: wikipeds.orgwikian (stato)