Kevondre Wesley

Skeletal System Lab Report

Introduction
This lab report addresses the histology of the bone matrix, along with the pressure and force of
the bones in the foot, and the homeostasis imbalance of the bones and its matrix. Bone matrix
is very important to the health of the bones. The skeletal system is a very important system and
works with many different systems to make sure that the body is healthy. Bone health revolves
around two different compounds. These compounds are inorganic salts and collagen. Each of
them have a different role in keeping the bones healthy. The salts are responsible for keeping
the bone strong. Without the salts, the bone can not support the weight and pressure that the
bodies puts off. The collagen is responsible for keeping the bone spongy, that way the bone
wont break under pressure. As seen in table 1, if the bone lacks either of these compounds, it
can cause great damage to the person. In table 2, it lays out what happens to the bone if it is
missing either component.

Pressure and force deals a lot with bones and the skeletal system. The bones must be strong
enough to support the pressure that is being put off and the stress that some forces can put on
the bones. In table 3, I relate some different actions and how the pressures and forces change
between each action. The first noticeable thing is that all of the forces are very similar. This is
because force isnt changed. It stays the same or very close. Even when I wear different shoes,
the force doesnt change. The only thing that changes is the pressure, and that is because of
the different shoes. Each shoe has a different surface area and that affects how much pressure
is put off.

Today, osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases in American, affecting millions of
people throughout the country. The figure 3, an elderly woman finds out that she has
osteoporosis. This is very common. One of the largest demographics of people that have
osteoporosis is the elderly. This is because age plays a big part osteoporosis. As you get older,
your bones naturally begin to deteriorate more than usual, and in this case, gender also plays a
role. Women are more likely to get osteoporosis than men. Other factors that affect
osteoporosis is the lack of vitamin d or calcium, a family history of osteoporosis, body size, and
even ethnicity.
Figure 1 histology Slide
Vinegar Baked Frozen

Yellow Tint Dry Moist

No Bone Marrow Brittle Preserved

Soft and Floppy Visible periosteum Solid

Vinegar Baked Frozen

Missing Solitude Missing the Collagen Both

Sturdy Brittle Solid

Condition & Diseases: Condition & Diseases: Condition & Diseases:

Mineral Deficiency, Osteoporosis, Osteopenia, Normal and Healthy bone no
Hyponatremia, Rickets Osteogenesis, Imperfecta disease common.
Table 1: Bone Matrix Data Lab
The bone matrix is a very delicate system that is very important to the health of bones. In
this table, we looked at 3 different bones. One was frozen, the other was bakes, and the last
was soaked in vinegar. They were very different. The frozen one was very moist, it was
preserved and it was the strongest and most solid of the three. The baked bone was very dry. It
was also the more brittle of the 3. The one soaked in vinegar was the most affected. This bone
was not only yellow, it was very soft and floppy. It also had no bone marrow within the bone.

Sole Barefoot Nike Hyperdunk Shoe Dress Shoe

Action Stand Walk Jump Stand Walk Jump Stand Walk Jump

Force(N) 732 629 916 686 780 730 800 720 751

Area(cm^2) 487 820 1172

Pressure 1.50 1.29 1.88 0.83 0.95 0.83 0.68 0.61 0.64
(PA)
Table 2: Pressures and Forces Data Table
The body is always putting off pressure. Pressure is directly related to force and
surface area. One of the most simple examples of pressure is walking. The force
that you body puts off over a certain amount of area is equal to the pressure your
body is putting off. For example, I put off 629 N of force while standing. The area of
my shoes were 487 . After dividing it, it came out to a 1.29 PA. In all of the
different trials, the forces in each action are very similar. That is because the body
puts off a constant amount of pressure.
 Bone Force Variance Figure 2:
In this table, the forces are shown and compared to each other. Each of these forces were put
off by each of my feet. As you can see, these forces are close to each other. This means that
even though I am using different feet, the force put off by the body is still very similar.
Figure 3A: Barefoot
Figure 3B: Regular Shoe
These graphs are the graphs of the forces that were put off during different actions. In
each of the actions, the forces were very similar. Many of them were only off by a couple
Newtons. This is interesting because it is evidence that the force our body puts off is very close.
In each graph, you can actually tell what part of your foot hits the plate. When I walk, my heel
hits first. That is clear in these graphs. The first spike is my heel hitting the plate then the second
spike is the rest of my foot.
Osteoporosis infographic: Figure 4: The bones rely a lot on calcium. The body must keep the
body in homeostasis when dealing with calcium. The body must keep calcium throughout the
entire body because calcium is needed throughout the body. This homeostasis is watched over
by the pituitary glands, which watches over a very important part of the body

Discussion: Throughout the process of researching the bones and its matrix

Citations
https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteoporosis/osteoporosis_ff.asp
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/kennym/Ch7.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/science/osteon
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/bone+matrix