Introduction:

Although human history is marked by project from the roman aqueducts to the American
transcontinental railroad project management was not developed as a separate discipline until
the mid twentieth century. Beginning with the nuclear weapons program after World War II.
Specific technique emerged for planning and managing their enormous budget and work force.
The most well none PERT and CPM have become synonymous for project scheduling
techniques. Both PERT and CPM were much more than scheduling techniques but the
scheduling graphics they procedure called PRET charts and Critical path.

The basis of understanding project management is the understanding of project. A project is

defined as work that is temporary and produces a unique product or service. Temporary work
has a beginning and an end. When the work is finished the team disbands or moves on to new
projects. Producing unique products or services is why projects are often referred to as one time
shots. It is often easiest to understand.

Definition of SWOT Analysis: A process generates information that is helpful in matching

an organization or groups, goals, Programs and capacities to the social environment in which it
operates.

Strengths
Positive tangible and intangible attributes, internal to an organization.
They are within the organizations control.

Weakness
Factors that are within an organizations control that detracts from its ability to attain the
desired goal.
Which areas might the organization improve?

Opportunities
External attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exit and
develop.
What opportunities exist in the environment, which will propel the organization?
Identify then by their time frames

Threats
External factors beyond an organizations control, which could place the organization
mission or operation at risk.
The organization may benefit by having contingency plans address them if they should
occur.
Classify them by their seriousness and probability of occurrence.
Background to the Project
The origins of the SWOT analysis technique is credited by Albert Humphrey, who led a research
project at Stanford University in the 1960s and 1970s using data from many top companies.

The goal was identify why corporate planning failed. The resulting research identified a number
of key areas and the tool used to explore each of critical areas was called SOFT analysis.
Humphrey and the original research team used the categories what is good in the present is
satisfactory good in the future is an opportunity bad in the present is a fault and bad in the
future is a threat . This was called the SOFT analysis. In 1964 Uric and Orr at a conference
changed the F to a W and it has stuck as that SOFT to SWOT.

Aim of SWOT analysis

Reveal your competitive advantages
Analyze your prospects for sales , profitability and product development
Prepare your company for problems
Allow for the development of contingency plans

SWOT analysis is a planning tool used to understand the strengths, Weaknesses, opportunities
and Threats involved in a project or in a business. It involves specifying the objective of the
business or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are supportive or
unfavorable to achieving that objective . SWOT is often used as part of strategic planning
process. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weaknesses opportunities and threats. The analysis
can be performed on a product on a service a company or even on an individual.

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 Strength
1. Human Resources:
Manpower is one of the major national resources of Bangladesh. About 35 million people
constitute this vast reservoir of manpower. Fortunately Bangladesh is steadily turning her
manpower into an asset through training and skill development with a view to meeting the needs
of a modern economy.

Bangladesh offers an abundant supply of disciplined, easily trainable and low cost work force
suitable for any labor intensive industry. Of late there is an increasing supply of professionals,
technologists and other middle and low level skilled workers. They receive technical training
from universities, collage, technical training centers, polytechnic institutions etc. the expenditure
incurred by an employer to trim his employee is exempted from income tax.

2. Availability of Manpower:
In Bangladesh, almost unlimited of unskilled manpower is available at a rate that is probably
cheapest in the world. There are however, some manpower resource constraints during the
plantation period in rural areas. One shoe not has to work in details of manpower resource
optimization that, one has to strive for in the projects I n the industrialized world. It is very easy
to appoint and terminate the services of the temporary staff, a situation that is common in
projects.

The availability of unskilled manpower is highly favorable for sustainable development of a

country. So we have to convert our population into manpower. The statistics regarding
Bangladesh work force is:

Sectors Work force (%)

Agriculture 62.3%
Manufacturing 7.6%
Others 30.1%
Total 100% or 60.3 million
Table: Sector wise manpower of Bangladesh.

3. Manpower Adaptability visa a visa Technologies:

The local manpower is not so demanding. Apart from the salary, they do not make much allied
demands on the employer. They can adapt new environment as well as technologies easily.

Unemployed labor force of Bangladesh is estimated to be about 15 million. Beside a huge

number of unskilled labor force, skilled, semi skilled professional manpower is also available for
foreign employment. Some relevant data in this regard are given bellow:

Technical manpower
Medical manpower
Engineering manpower
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 Industrial manpower
Manpower for financial institution

4. Leather sector:
Sector highlights:
The labor intensive lather industry is well suited to Bangladesh having cheap and
abundant labor.
Bangladesh has a domestic supply of good quality raw materials as hides and skins are a
byproduct of large livestock industry.
Adequate government support in the form of tax holidays, duty free imports of raw
materials and machinery for export oriented lather market.
The industry lace domestic technology and expertise and local support industries such as
chemical are still under developed.

Products:
Finished leather
Leather goods

Investment incentives:

Present government is in the process of setting up of separate leather zone relocating

existing industry sites to an well organized place.
New FDI inflow is highly encouraged and foreign investors are welcome to have
opportunity.
5. Jute sector:
Jute is a natural fiber with golden and silky dines and hence called the golden fiber. It is the
cheapest vegetable fiber procured from the best or skin of the plants stem and the second most
important vegetable fiber sifter cotton in terms of usage, global consumption, production and
availability. It has high tensile strength, tensile extensibility and ensures better breath ability of
fabrics.

Jute fiber is 100% bio degradable and recyclable and thus environmentally friendly. It is one of
the most versatile natural fibers that have been used in raw materials for packaging, textile, non
textile, construction, and agricultural sectors. It helps to make best quality industrial yarn, fabric
net, and sacks.

6. RMG sector:
The textile and garment sector in Bangladesh fulfill a crucial role in the economy. Bangladesh-
the country of world famous muslin fabric and the great Royal Bengal Tiger has now emerged is
an aerial giant in the world textile and apparel market. The country export its appeal products
worth about 9.0 billion US$ per year to the USA, EU, Canada and most of the Scandinavian and
Middle Eastern countries. At present the country is the 6th largest apparel supplier to the USA
EUK countries. The major products are Knit and woven shirt and blouses, trousers, skirts,
shorts, kales, coats, sweaters, sportswear and many more causal and fashion apparels. The

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industry made a modest start in 1984 with a few shirt factories exporting to USA mainly with the
spillover Korean orders due to quota.

7. Agricultural Sector:
The agricultural sector contribution to Bangladesh total GDP is very important. Agriculture is
the single most important sector of Bangladesh economy. 80% of the people is engaged is
agriculture. 57% of the labor force is engaged in the crape sector with represent about 78% of
the value added in the agricultural sector. The share of agriculture in GDP has fallen from
around 57% in the 1970s to 35% in recent years but agriculture is still the largest economic
sector. It is also the source of many of the small the industrial sector raw materials such as jute
and tea, and account for 20% of the value of expert. In short agriculture is the driving force
behind economic growth in Bangladesh and as a result increasing food and agriculture
production have always major concern of Bangladeshi policy market.

8. Large market:
Bangladesh as a market is huge in size. They can purchase so many low and medium price
goods and at present a new group of consumers is creating day by day.

Strength of project management:

We have to capitalize on our strength, remove our weakness, mitigate the impact of threats and
grab the opportunities. This study came up with some suggestion to overcome the problem of
project implementation in Bangladesh. Among these most important are development of
indigenous skills for project implementation, development of technicians sensitive to national
needs, constraints to opportunity instead of imposing a well developed system to suitable for
developed countries. Simplifies project approval procedures, easy custom formalities,
appropriate budget provision to release fund smoothly, periodic review and evaluation to achieve
enter agency coordination use either a dedicated project team or a project matrix structure
adoption of procedure which would simplify and stream line procurement especially reduce the
number bureaucratic layers involved, ensure good governance, positive political will for
development good leadership to drive the country, regular flow of foreign aid and
decomposition, proper project planning accurate, reliable, adequate data bank interdependent,

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 Weakness
1. Doing Business in Bangladesh: some Hurdles
In spite of having stronger LEG (labor supply, Entrepreneurs, Gas stock), is Bangladesh
economy running and growing shower than her potential capacity? The answer is an unfortunate
Yes justified with some commonly mentioned reasons like political instabilities, corruptions,
poor planning and implementation, natural calamities, weak financial markets, One very
significant issue that most often fails to secure a place in the above list and is left unnoticed for
long is the regulatory environment that carries on retting numerous barters for entrepreneurs
from starting to scrape a business. There are hundreds of procedures that are to be performed in
the brick and mortar environment (as opposed to via Internet) Most of these procedures create
enormous harassment for the entrepreneurs and waste or resources. The result is very obvious;
people find it more profitable to count interests from depositing their savings into the banks or
Govt. Certificates rather than getting involved in productive activities.

How far is Bangladesh lagging behind South Asia and the developed economies?

In this very inception of an in depth analysis readers may find it necessary to have a feel of the
current status of Bangladesh in comparison to the best South Asian economy and a well
performing world economy. Bangladesh is ranked by the World Bank based on efficiency,
effectiveness and simplicity of legal procedures in ten basic parameters associated with a
standard business enterprise. Australia is used as the standard and the best South Asian
economy in each parameter is considered for farther comparison. The legal environment is the
basis of the analysis and rankings. Different South Asian economies have best rank in different
parameters.

Stage 1: Starting a New Business

Private businesses are considered as the heart of all economic activities. When entrepreneurs
start up a new business and try to get it under way, the first line hurdles they face are the
procedures required to incorporate and register the new firm before they can legally operate.
Number of formal and legal procedures and to complete these procedures varies across time
zones and time taken borders. In some countries, these procedures are straightforward, whereas,
in others they are very much burdensome. Cumbersome procedures dont increase product
quality, make work safer reduce pollution.

Stage 2: Getting the License

After entrepreneurs register their businesses, they face lots of regulations to operate it. Getting
the license being the first of them varies in different parts of the world. In many countries,
especially poor ones, complying with regulations is so costly in time and money that many
entrepreneurs opt out. Entrepreneurs may pay bribes to pass inspections or simply work
illegally. In other countries, compliance is simple, straightforward and inexpensive- yielding
better results.

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 Stage 3: Hiring and Managing workforce
One of the basic factors of production is human resources. Success of a venture to a large
extent depends on availability of skilled labors at a cheapest possible rate. Since workers are
human beings too as opposed to robots, protecting their rights should also be a major concern of
the businessmen and the policy makers. Policy makers in the developed economies carry on
imposing multi dimensional regulations on the businesses on the other hand businesses attempt
to bypass the laws. The scenario is a bit different in the developing economies, as the elite
entrepreneurs most often lobby with the policy makers and prevent those regulations that
prevent them from exploiting employees.

Stage 4: Registering Properties

To ensure proper development of physical properties assigning ownership rights is must. Right
assignment cannot work properly unless there are adequate arrangements of speedy right
transfers. An efficient property registration is marked by a few numbers of steps with
minimum transaction cost and time. Securing rights also encourages investors to invest and
facilitate commerce. In developing countries like ours lengthy transfer procedures lure owners
to adopt unfair means that complicate the procedures and raise cost of transfer.

Stage 5: credit Availability in Bangladesh:

Credit is one of the prime needs for continuing type of small or large ventures. Ease of getting
any credits is one of the fundamental characteristics a sound business environment. But there is
a very of common phenomenon called Lemon Problem" that lenders of all sorts face before
granting credit. Lemon problem arises because some scrupulous borrowers who are very likely
to default surround the solid ones making screening a tough task for the lenders. So what is
needed is a rich database containing all pertinent information of all borrowers. Again the
lenders are also to be granted the rights of recovering the dues from selling borrowers assets.

Stage 6: Protecting Investors:

To ensure economic growth, protection to both investors and their invested funds is a prime
requirement. Bangladesh has not been a safe destination for the foreign investors due to weak
regulatory infrastructure, lack of corporate accountability and weak financial markets. In
Bangladesh, situations have worsened to such extent that even investors feel at risk while
investing. There are three dimensions of investor protection. They are:

Extent of Corporate Disclosure: covers approval procedures, requirements for

immediate disclosure to the public or shareholders of proposed transactions etc,
Extent of director's liability: covers the extent to which directors can be held
liable for their damaging company wealth.
Ease of shareholder suits. Availability of documents to shareholders to be used
during trials, access to internal documents and so on.

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 Stage 7: Tax Regulations:
In an efficient economy, tax is a very important cash flow from perspective of both businesses
and the govt. One party engages in endless endeavor to evade taxes and the other one attempt to
maximize tax revenue to fund Government's welfare activities. A country's tax system has
important bearing on the economic growth of a country as taxes determine incentive to invest,
work and perform many other economic activities. A good tax system has some characteristics
like the following:

Number of tax payments and procedures are minimum

Time taken to complete payment procedure is minimum
Tax rate is a smaller percentage of taxable income

2. Serious Problems of Time & Cost overruns of Project Implementation:

Time is approximate concept. Though the importance of holding time schedule is talked about,
the cost of delay is not even approximately understood. Only a small percentage of people wear
a watch and the general time consciousness is very low. People usually arrive late in meetings
and other gatherings. The higher the position held, the later the person turns up.

3. Lack of Infrastructural Facilities:

Developed infrastructure is the precondition for the development of an economy. Without
developing infrastructural base we could not imagine project development. Infrastructure
includes all of our institutional organizational as well as transport and communication facilities
which are most important for making a project. Our school, college, university, hospital etc. are
organizational infrastructure. On the other hand, road, street, bridge, railway,
telecommunication, internet are the transport and telecommunication infrastructure. But in our
country the above important factors which are considered as the blood of a project are not
available enough as needed. As a result, strong based projects are not established. Thus our
economy could not reach its target points.

4. Serious Brain drain:

For the development of a country highly skilled and meritorious manpower is essential. In every
year, we get meritorious students but we cannot keep them in our country because of our faint
socio- economic framework. By using these meritorious personalities, we can get new and
newer ideas and innovations for our weak economy. But lack of our financial support we cannot
hold them in our country. The budgetary allocation for education is not enough as it is needed.
So the top most meritorious students go to abroad for getting higher education and do not come
back to the home land. The foreign government offers them attractive opportunity and
handsome salary packages, which are more attractive than that of Bangladesh Government.
Thus the brain is drained.

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 5. Low savings GDP Ratio:
The people of Bangladesh do not save money much as compared to neighboring countries like
India and developed countries like Japan. Their saving power is very low due to low income as
well as lack of saving habit. As savings ensures more investments and the increment of GDP is
heavily dependent on reinvestment, we should more concentrate on increase of savings power
for the middle class of Bangladesh.

Investment is in fact the engine of growth. The spectacular economic performance of East-
Asian countries can in the main be attributed to their high investment-GDP ratio. Conversely, it
is the deficiency of capital or low investment-GDP ratio that is the major weakness of most
developing countries.

6. Ineffective balance of growth of agriculture and industry:

There is no balance between agriculture and industry. Though most of the people in Bangladesh
are involved in agriculture, government emphasizes more on industry than agricultural sectors.
Though we have much more chances on agriculture but this sector is being neglected from the
very beginning. So there remains a great disparity between industry and agricultural sectors.
Bangladesh has an agrarian economy, although the share of agriculture to GDP has been
decreasing over the last few years. Yet it dominates the economy accommodating major labor
force living in the rural areas. From marketing point of view, Bangladesh has been following a
mixed economy that operates on free market principles.

Agriculture contributed 19.61% of the country's GDP in 2006.

Table: Sartorial share of GDP%

Sectors FY 2006 FY 2005

Agriculture 19.61 20.14
Industry 27.91 27.22
Service 52.48 52.63
Source: BSS 2006

7. Inadequate research& trained manpower:

This is a serious problem for Bangladesh. People with high research skill are scarce in
Bangladesh. Those who are good at research go abroad for better future. Moreover extensive
research facilities are not present in Bangladesh. To sum up, we do not work on self
development and that's why we are not receiving self-training.

8. Lack of motivation in implementation of project with serious snags:

Motivation is rare thing in implementation of projects in Bangladesh. Seriousness comes when
there is accountability. No work can be completed successfully if there is no motivation,
incentives, and rewards according to performance. Performance evaluation is important for
project management. Effective and efficient implementation of project largely depends on

9
motivation. Both the persons who are involved in the process of giving and taking the tasks of
project are reluctant as there is no accountability.

9. Impact of imbalanced direct& indirect tax:

In Bangladesh the tendency of tax evasion is very high. Nobody under direct or indirect tax
pays the taxes, which are due in timely. The assessment of tax is done in a wrong way. The
assessment and the assessor both the persons are corrupted. The performance of tax collection is
not satisfactory. Effective and efficient tax policy is absent in Bangladesh. It greatly hampers
economic growth of the country.

10.Absence of business ethics:

No business can survive for a long period of time without business ethics. Ethics enhance the
credibility and accountability. In business, the country which has no ethics cannot fight or
compete with other country and economy of the country loses its strength.

In Bangladesh, we mainly suffer from business ethics. Our traders forget their principles and
emphasis on their personal interests. They never sacrifice their little personal interest, for the
great good of the nation. As a result, our overall business environment suffers a lot. The traders
forget to keep their commitment; they sometimes involved themselves with smuggling and
corruption. In this way, our business environment loses its overall image. One trader tries to
falsify another. It becomes a tradition of our traders. The investors always remain in anxiety to
be cheated. So they use their fund to invest in the most secured sectors. They do not want to
involve in risky department where there is a chance of being cheat. So the absence of business
ethics is the red warning for our projects.

11.Lack of political will for development:

In our country the first and foremost objective of the political leaders is to maximize their wealth
They make commitments to people at the time election, but after election they forget everything
and these commitments Our political bases are farmed in such a way. This Political never come
true. Leaders show new wishes and dreams: but due to lack of their willingness, these dreams
never are fruitful. A vast amount of fund is sanctioned through budget for improving and
developing new infrastructure; but political leaders corrupt this fund unethically. This
sanctioned money only increases their personal fund. As our infrastructures such as road, bridge,
educational institution, hospitals, etc. Suffer from lack of fund; it plays a negative impact on
project. Without road and transportation, no project can run properly. Moreover, when new
government comes, the first job it does is to close the projects sanctioned by previous
government.

10
 12. Low literacy rate:
Low literacy rate is a major problem of Bangladesh. Primary education is mandatory in
Bangladesh. Encouraging poor children into education through Cash/Food for education
program has been globally appreciated. Female secondary school assistance program up to class
XII and NGO's non-formal education program have reached Bangladesh in a better level in
human development index.

13. Corruption:
In recent years, Bangladesh has repeatedly been named the most corrupt country in the world.
Crime and corruption-much of which is linked to political parties often brings threats, brutal
physical attacks, and even murder.

14.Very poor project planning:

Project planning is not always done properly. Mistakes are done on project duration, budget,
manpower requirements, etc. Multi-factors should be considered while planning a project.
Unfortunately this is not done always.

15.Data bank lacking & highly inaccurate:

The validity and reliability of data that we use are not unquestionable. Sometimes dishonest
researchers manipulate fake data and we use unconsciously. As we know Garbage in Garbage
out", use of these inaccurate data result in misleading results.

16.Dearth of experienced& hardworking and honest entrepreneurs:

Nowadays entrepreneurs want quick success. They frequently use short-cut ways to a success.
The do virtually everything for profit. Most of them are inexperienced.

17.Poor general economic conditions & low per capita income:

Overall economic condition of Bangladesh is not as satisfactory as expected. Per capita income
is low as well.

18.Irrational fiscal policy:

Sometimes fiscal policy declared by our government does no go with the appropriate situation.

19.Inefficient monitoring of banking structure & banking policy:

Most of the times Banks prioritize their own interest at the cost of clients interest. There are a
lot of hidden costs in every bank we have witnessed some evidences that banks were involved
with illegal activities with offering share.

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 Opportunity
1. Growing economy, scope for fresh and new projects, need for
infrastructural facilities:
The performance of the Bangladesh economy in the face of a number of unfavorable factors in
FY08 was remarkable indicating the resilience of the economy and its strong growth potential.
Despite two consecutive floods and devastating cyclone Sid, outbreak of avian flu, political
uncertainty, shaken business confidence, labor unrest in the RMG sector and soaring commodity
prices in the international market, the real GDP grew by an estimated 6.2 percent in FY08, only
slightly lower than 6.4 percent growth in FY07.

As developing country donor organizations are interested to initiate development projects in

Bangladesh.

The project activities in Bangladesh proved more productive than those in India: many new local
partners joined the project, promoting delegation at local level. The project exceeded original
indicators including sales turnover, increased gross margins, partners and jobs created and a
wider country spread.

2. Favorable investment climate in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is now trying to establish itself as the next rising nucleus in South Asia for foreign
direct investment. The government has implemented a number of policy reforms to create a
more open and competitive climate for private investment. The country has a genuinely
democratic system of government and enjoys political stability seen as a sine quo non for
ensuring a favorable climate for investment and sustained development. Poverty alleviation
through rapid economic growth is the core development strategy.

Legal Framework for Foreign Investment

Bilateral Inve5tmentAgreements
Credit Rating of Bangladesh

3. The Benefits of LDCs and Signing an Investment Agreement (TRIMS)

The analysis of benefits out of liberalization of investment has two aspects. First one is related to
the quantitative analysis and the second one relates to the qualitative aspect of probable
divergent benefits out of the implementation of the agreement. This report will be conned to the
qualitative aspect of the probable net gains from the proposed investment agreement. We shall
try to understand the probable impact of liberalization of investment in the light of experiences
of other countries of the world.

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 4. Financial Globalization in Bangladesh
The financial system in a country comprises two major financial institutions, the banking
financial institutions (BFIs), the non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs) including the stock
exchange.

Banking Financial Institution (BFIs)

Non-Banking Financial Institution (NBFIs)

5. Information & Communication Technology (ICT)

Computer software, data entry and management, electronic communication, and related
activities constitute one of the sixteen thrust areas in whish Bangladesh wishes to attract FDI.
Thus far, investment has been limited. In part, this is a reflection of the poor telecom
infrastructure that makes data transmission difficult, in part, a consequence of a lack of trained
personnel. (With respect to software, there is also the requirement of adequate protection of
intellectual property rights, an issue of some importance in other areas of FDT as well.)
Although Bangladesh is thought to have considerable latent talent in computer programming, the
current pool of trained talent is limited. There may nonetheless he niche markets that can be
exploited, e.g., health care claims.

6. Foreign Investment: Increased Trend of FDI

The proponents of foreign direct investment (FDI) argue that FDI brings prosperity to the
recipient countries through technological transfer, increasing volume of exports, enhancing job
opportunities, and increasing government revenue. FDI not only increases the stock of domestic
capital to finance new development projects, but also simultaneously provides access to new
technology and managerial and marketing know-how. Despite these merits of FDI, opponents
argue that it increases dependency of the recipient countries which makes them vulnerable to the
footloose nature of FDI. Another view is that development of a country should come through a
process of domestic industry development such as development of small and medium scale
enterprises (SME5) and state-owned enterprises (SOEs). But whatever the opponents view, FDI
is generally welcomed in Bangladesh as well as worldwide.

As a developing country, Bangladesh needs FDI for its ongoing development process. Since
independence, Bangladesh is trying to be a suitable location for FDL Special zones have been
set up and lucrative incentive packages have been provided to attract FDI. However, the total
inflow of FDI has been increasing over the years. In 1972, annual FDI inflow was 0.090 million
USD, and after 33 years, in 2005 annual FDI came to 845.30 million USD and to 989 million
USD in 2006.

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 7. Opportunities from Globalization
Globalization has both positive and negative impacts. Bangladesh is enjoying the following
impacts of globalization:

i. It gains access to much larger markets, both for imports and exports.
On the import side, consumers gain access to a dramatically larger range of goods and
services, raising their real standard of living.
Domestic producers gain access to a wider range and better quality of intermediate inputs
at lower prices.
On the export side, domestic industries can enjoy a quantum leap in economies of scale
by serving global markets rather than only a confined and underdeveloped domestic
market.
ii. It can open itself up to international trade and investment gain access to a much higher level
of technology. This confers on Bangladeshs latecomers advantage rather than bearing
the cost of expensive, up-Front research and development.

iii. Openness to the global economy can provide the infrastructure to the economy needs for
growth. Foreign capital can finance more traditional types of infrastructure, such as port
facilities, power generation, and an internal transportation network, just as British capital
helped to finance Americas network of canals and railroads in the nineteenth century. But
just as importantly, multinational companies can provide an infrastructure of what could be
called enabling services, such as telecommunications, insurance, accounting, and
banking.

8. Opportunities for Several Sectors

8.1 Knit Wear:

The Textile sector of Bangladesh had been enjoying robust export growth until recently.
Readymade Garments (RMG) constituted 75.83% of the countrys total export in FY 2007- 2008
and Knitwear, a RMG component, alone accounted for $ 5532.52 million in export earnings in
the same FY, a 1.24% increase from its export target for the year, constituting 39.21% of the
total national export.

Nowadays, the prospect of knitwear is higher than woven sector. Moreover value addition is
more on knit wear export. More than 75% of knitwear products from Bangladesh are exported to
the European Union (EU) market and about 16% to 20% to the US. By contrast, only 34-35% of
Chinas total textile exports go to EU and US. Pointing this out, a BKMEA official says it is time
for Bangladesh to reduce its absolute dependence on EU and diversify its textile export
destinations, adding that the Association is exploring prospects in some markets in Asia and in
the market in Australia. Recently Japanese buyers have shown a huge interest in Bangladesh
market and BKMEA believes export to Japan, which is now worth only about $6 million, can

14
jump to as high as $90 million. The Association is concentrating on strengthening its ties with
Japan and planning to organize a fair there in the near future.

BKMEA also needs to diversify its exports. At present there are only 16 knitwear export items
and the Association is seriously considering increasing the number. So this sector is a huge
potential for Bangladesh.

8.1Jute Goods:
Although jute no longer plays the key role in Bangladesh exports that it once did, the country
remains the worlds second largest producer of this natural fiber. Traditionally, jute has been
used principally as packing material. Today, it may have more diversified future through the use
of new technologies and processes developed by the International Jute Organization in co-
operation with national and international research institutes. Among the new products that might
be developed from jute are products made by blending jute with cotton and other fibers, curtains,
mattress covers, soft luggage bags, etc. Jute can also be reinforced with plastic to produce
molded products and can be used as input for paper pulp. In an environmentally more conscious
age, this cheap annual crop may have a new potential.

8.3 Fisheries & Food

Fisheries are another area in which Bangladesh is blessed with very substantial natural
resources, including both coastal and offshore waters as well as inland waters such as ponds,
canals and rivers. Shrimp and Fish are important export items and this sector employs almost as
many people as the RMG industry does. The Government is promoting semi-intensive shrimp
farming and fish farming more generally is a growing industry. There are thus significant
opportunities for foreign investors in hatcheries, feed meal plants and, in particular, to add value
by processing seafood products for exports. This would require upgrading of quality standards in
freezing, packaging and the like.

8.4 Air Transportation

In air transport, the government has given provisional domestic air transport operating license to
six private companies for STOL Services.

9. New Opportunities for 21st Century

The new opportunities for 21 Century are:

Information revolution leading to global transparency

Adjustment to global culture of tolerance and peace
Cultural efficiency
Aggressive human resources development policies of multilateral agencies/donor
Scientific human resource development

15
 Speedy communication
Increasing awareness about human rights
Market economy based on efficiency and quality
Strong media or press
Strong local govt. institution with delegated power
Strong viable NGOs to supplement government program
New job opportunities in the lust expanding service sector where young can be absorbed
Sweeping administrative reforms which will minimize corruption & thereby save the
scarce resources for development
Increasing deregulation which will emancipate the individual potentialities of youths to
participate in development or productive activities

Hence the long pending process of development through structural adjustment will be initiated
in many developing countries. This would lead to poverty alleviation and welfare of the majority
including the youths.

Threat
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 1. Climate Change : A Development Challenge For Bangladesh
Bangladesh is among the countries most severely affected by natural disasters. UN statistics
illustrate the extent of these almost-annual catastrophes. Two wind storms killed 300000 and
140000 in 1970 and 1971, while floods affected 38 million in 1974 and 78 million in 1987. Over
a decade from 1998 2007, the five worst-hit countries were Honduras, Bangladesh,
Nicaragua , The Dominic Republic and Haiti.

Climate change is a threat multiplier. It is not that it creates a whole new set of problems its
that it will make things that are already a problem worse. Climate change is likely to make
natural disasters more frequent and more powerful to increase the frequency and extent of
environmental migrations and to increase grievances and the likelihood of state failure both of
which could facilitate terrorism.

Major Climate Include Disasters and their impacts

Floods
Cyclones and storm Surges
Drought

2. Threat on RMG Sector

Our RMG sector is under the following threats:

Bangladesh is not a cotton growing country.

Our ports are not as efficient as ports of India, Srilanka.
Delay in sipping.
Interrupted power supply.
Narrow export base.
Poor infrastructural facilities

3. Poverty in Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the poverty stricken countries of the world. She was fortunate enough to
receive constitutional recognition of the need for poverty reduction and also to sec these pledges
reflected in its first five year plan. But the country was equally wretched to find the initiatives
packed up and trashed in to oblivion by the fifty FYP or PRSP, there are a number of serious
gaps in it . So poverty is our one of the most important threats.

4. Global Warming & Leakage of Ozone Layer

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Emission of huge amount of green house gases is not only a threat to Bangladesh but also to the
whole world.

Global Warming

The broad region encompassing Bangladesh has warmed by about 0.5 degree centigrade over
the past 100 years. Bangladesh may get warmer and wetter in future. The best estimate of
becoming warmer than today by the year 2030 is 0.2 to 2 degree centigrade and 10% to 15 %
increases in average monsoon Rainfall.

Leakage and Ozone Layer

We are aware that the ozone layer protects our home planned from potentially damaging doses
of ultraviolet B radiation. In 1985 the first ozone whole was discovered over Antarctica
leading scientists to rush to find the cause as this radiation is responsible for a wide range of
potentially damaging Human and animal health effects.

5. Environmental $ Ecological Threats

For making a project environ and ecological issues are so much crucial. Without the presence of
the above two factors we could not imagine to make any organization or projects. The area of
environment and ecology are encompassed the following factors:

a) Unplanned Urbanization
b) Shrimp culture & its impact on environment
6. Arsenic Hazards: A great threat
The arsenic hazard in Bangladesh villagers now appeared as a real disaster affecting thousands
physically, physiologically, mentally and economically it is intensifying malnutrition, poverty
and destitution among the already poor villagers.

7. Industrial Pollution
The ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of Bangladesh (1991 ) reveals that
industrial plants are usually located along large rivers which dispose untreated wastes directly
into the rivers, Although the effluents contain 10 to 100 times the allowable levels permissible
for human health Organ metallic compounds have been increasing in commercial use over the
past decade.

Threat from Globalization

Globalization may be interpreted as a set of social, economic and cultural process which in
certain respect leads to homogenization but which in others witnesses the emergencies
differences between world region and localities. No human face on the globalization race. It is a
race for global huge money with the united state s and Europe in the forefront. They believe the
global development capitalism and free market must ensure and bring the good to all.

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Globalization: Challenges in front of Bangladesh
Investment Challenges: The proponents of globalization believe that it brings in high rate of
economic growth to the countries which have been able to integrate with the global process of
free trade and that growth would alleviate poverty.

Export Diversification: Despite the offer of the most attractive incentives to foreign investors
Fid has not taken place significantly because of corrupt governance deteriorating law and order
situation and political instability.

Future of the garments industry

Production relation
Labor standards and workers unions in EPZs
Product standards
Anti dumping and countervailing action
Rules of origin
Privatization
Structural change.

Recommendation:

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From the discussion so fare made, it is clear that there are sample for improvement of project
implementation performance. The following measures may be suggested in order to overcome
the problem of implementation as identified:

Develop indigenous skills for project implementation.

Develop technique sensitive to national need, constraints and opportunities.
Reinstate the project evaluation committee for proper verification and security of the
projects.
Projects approval procedures should be simplified and shortcut so that valuable time is
not wasted.
Recruitment of project staff and foreign consultant should be muse in time.
Procurement of foreign goods should be done timely.
There must be appropriate budget provision so that fund can be related smoothly.
Customers formalities should be simplified for musk clearance of the goods from the
port.
Periodic review and evaluation should done so that inter agency co ordination can be
achieved.

Conclusion:

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We have to capitalize on our strength, remove our weakness, mitigate the impact of threats and
grab the opportunities. This study came up with some suggestion to overcome the problem of
project implementation in Bangladesh. Among these most important are development of
indigenous skills for project implementation, development of technicians sensitive to national
needs, constraints to opportunity instead of imposing a well developed system to suitable for
developed countries.

References:

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1. CIA the world fact book .
2. Bangladesh Bureau of educational institutional and statistics.
3. Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia.
4. T.C Malhotra is a New Delhi , India based journalist, January/February 2014.
5. Textile world Asia 2014/2015
6. Maid MA, 2002 and Handbook Agricultural Statistics
7. Bangladesh parjatan corporation
8. Survey of Bangladesh
9. Ministry of Environment and Forest
10. Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief

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