UNIVERSITY OF NOTRE DAME AUSTRALIA

Yvonne Lai

ASSIGNMENT WRITING
TEMPLATE
Assignment Writing

Table of Contents

APA Sample style.1

Discussion.1
Examples...1
Format...2
Summary...3
ED113 Introduction to ICT Yvonne Lai

APA Sample Style

American Psychological Association style is primarily used in the social

science disciplines. It is formatted like Modern Language Association (MLA), and

shows many similarities, but is unique in several key points. This paper discusses the

APA in detail.

Discussion

APA uses parenthetical (or in-text) citations within sentences, but rather than

indicating the author's name and page number, APA includes author's name and date

of publication. The page number, represented with a p. or a pp., is only added to the

citation when using a direct quote (not a summary or paraphrase). If the author's

name is mentioned in the sentence, then place the date of publication in parentheses

directly after the name. If the name is not mentioned include the author's name and

date in parentheses at the end of the source material. And, if you use a direct quote,

place the page number after the publication date within the parentheses.

Examples
Note the difference between the following three examples:

Terrence (1999) has presented poignant examples from 150 interviews.

However, it has been pointed out that the research was conducted in a selective,

highly biased, way (Strong & Porter, 1998). All of the interviewees have been called

exceptions to the norm (Strong & Porter, 1998, p. 5).

Note the first example paraphrases an author that is named in the sentence, the

second example paraphrases authors that are not named in the sentence, and the third

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ED113 Introduction to ICT Yvonne Lai

example provides a direct quote (thus the inclusion of the page numbers) but also

does not identify the authors within the sentence. If the authors were identified

within the sentence in the third example, the authors' names would be followed by

the year of publication and only the page numbers would be in the parentheses at the

end of the quote.

Format

Finally, the bibliographic page in APA style differs from MLA, what APA calls

the Reference page. You will notice a few immediate differences from the MLA

Works Cited format. With APA you include the initial of the author's first name

rather than the complete name, the publication date immediately follows the author's

name in parentheses, and titles of articles are not surrounded with quotation marks.

The lists are still alphabetized by author's last name (or title in the absence of an

author) and the first line is flush left while subsequent lines in the same entry are

indented in (approximately 5 spaces or one tab). A good resource to help you with

referencing is Notre Dames referencing guide at

http://library.nd.edu.au/referencing/apa#s-lg-box-3040351. There is also a summary

downloadable help document available at: http://library.nd.edu.au/ld.php?

content_id=8053459 In APA Style, you include a reference list rather than a

bibliography with your paper (APA, Bibliography Versus Reference List, n.d.).

A reference list consists of all sources cited in the text of a paper whereas a

bibliography may include resources that were consulted but not cited in the text as

well as an annotated description of each one.

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ED113 Introduction to ICT Yvonne Lai

Summary

The School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, uses the APA 6th

referencing style for all written documents. In addition to in text referencing and the

reference list there are a number of formatting requirements to ensure your essay

complies with APA standards. Get to know the APA 6th.

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ED113 Introduction to ICT Yvonne Lai

References

APA.Bibliography versus reference list. Retrieved from http://www.apastyle.org/learn/quick-

guide-on-references.aspx#Bibliography

Bretag, T. (2013). Challenges in addressing plagiarism in education. PLoS Med, 10(12),

e1001574.

Hosny, M., & Fatima, S. (2014). Attitude of students towards cheating and plagiarism:
University case study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 14(8), 748-757.
doi:10.3923/jas.2014.748.757

Strong, R. L., & Porter, M. (1998). Grammatical combinations. In S. Parker, & K Gibson
(Ed.), Language and literacy (pp. 540-578). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Terrence, H. S. (1999, November 1). Student success in community colleges.

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ED113 Introduction to ICT Yvonne Lai

Essay Formatting