OBESITY

Today, Id like to talk to you about the obesity. Ill begin by telling you about the
problem. Then Ill list the three things I think are causing this problem.

So lets start by talking about the obesity in our country. Most of people dont know
what they are eating or drinking. What do you see in those pictures? Most of you
only see the color and his favorite flavor. But, you dont care about the amount of
sugar that you are drinking and because of that, in the future you could suffer
obesity and diabetes. The last studies tell us 63% of population, between 30 and 59
years old suffer overweight or obesity. In other words, 3 out of 5 suffer this
problem. And 14% are children.

What is the Obesity?

Its an illness what is considered to be a global epidemic, particularly in developed

nations. Health hazards associated with obesity are: Hypertension, heart disease,
Hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, liver disease, cancer,
obstructive sleep apnea, and depression. Its also associated with a significant
increase in mortality.

How do we know if we have obesity?

We can calculate our Body Mass Index (BMI)= Weight divided by height squared
(kg/m2)
a. BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is normal.
b. 25.0 to 29.9 is overweight.
c. 30 and over is obese.
d. 40 and over is considered morbidly obese.

What do we know about sugar?

The sugar known as sucrose, a disaccharide, in the body sucrose hydrolyses into
fructose and glucose. If we consume a lot of sugar, well have too much glucose in
our bodies and then we could become obese and also diabetic.

How many calories we should consume per day?

On average 2100 calories. If you have a sedentary live, you will need less.

How can I get these calories?

A sugar spoon has 20 calories and one sugar package has 32 calories.

How many sugar packages do you think there in a soda?

If you buy a soda when you go to the cinema. In a soda there are 23 package of
sugar and in a supersize cup there are 44 package of sugar.
Return to mathematics:
In one sugar package there are 32 calories, in one cup of soda there are 736
calories and in a supersize cup there are 1408 calories. All this, when you go to the
cinema with your families, girlfriend, friends And maybe, you go out with them
after the lunch. Then when you come back to house, your mother is waiting for you
with the dinner. Do you believe that? All is true!

What do you know about zero sugar?

A sugar substitute, known as Sweeteners, 100 gram of sweetener has 290 calories.
100 gram of sugar has 387 calories. The different between them is not too, but you
need less amount of sweetener to get a better flavor. This is the likely solution until
now. There is a research about this; Artificial sweeteners induce glucose
intolerance by altering the gut microbiota from Nature magazine in October, 9,
2014. This magazine is a very important to scientists. And they tell us be careful
with the sweeteners.

In the experiment, they give to a group of mice water with sweeteners and other
group of mice; they just drink water with natural sugar. Only sweeteners group
had elevated glucose levels. And the next question is How?

The researchers made a hypothesis: Maybe, the sweeteners had this effect because
of they can altering the gut microbiota. So, they give antibiotics to mice how take
water with sweeteners. After treatment, decreased glucose level. They showed us
that sweeteners have an negative effect over the gut microbiota.

The researchers followed to people without diabetes, who take sweeteners. They
found a direct relationship between the use of sweeteners and increased fat in
their abdomens.

These researches show us, we should have very careful about what were drinking.
And not all that other people tell us is true.

So, What do we do?

In my opinion, you should:

Have a balance diet.

Eat at time.
Do exercise or go out and just walk for 30 minutes per day.
Drug therapy: For patients who have not succeeded in losing weight with
diet and exercise.
Finally, Bariatric surgery:
o Bariatric surgery is effective in reducing comorbidities associated
with obesity.
o Best evidence is for patients with BMI over 40.