*All work is in student shared.

Use the powerpoints they have practice paras

you can learn and really useful sentences and ideas to put in your paras*

All paras need to be: PEEL

You MUST use QUOTES for every single question Ive given you ideas for
quotes in the purple Qs section use these ideas for quotes for whatever Q
you do.

Try to include future implications how will these types of texts develop in the
future?

Purple Qs:

What is meant by postmodern media? (Jan 2010)

Why are some media products described as postmodern? (June 2010)
How do postmodern media differ from other media? (June 2011)
Explain how certain kinds of media can be defined as postmodern. (Jan 2011)
How far do you accept the idea of postmodern media? (June 2011)
Define postmodern media, with examples. (Jan 2012)
Provide your definition of postmodern media and support it with examples (June
2013)
What makes a media text postmodern? Explain, with examples (June 2014)
o These questions are general questions about pomo media. You have free
rein over what to write. Possible point sentences (these need to be tailored
to the specific questions):
o Intro - what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media
o One of the elements that makes a media text postmodern is hyperreality.
Quote Baudrillard. (Quote Jameson can go with para on GTA)
o One of the ways media can be postmodern is through the creation of
hyperidenties. Quote Filiciak.
o Another quality of postmodern texts is intertextuality. (Quote Goldman and
Papson)
o Surrealism is a quality often embraced by postmodern media texts
o The rejection of grand narratives is a key feature of postmodern texts.
(Quote Lyotard)
o The rejection of verisimilitude can be seen as a facet of postmodern
media.
o Although postmodernism continues to thrive, it can be argued that we
have moved into a new cultural era (Quote Kirby)
o It can be argued that postmodernism has undergone a shift that reflects
the new digital era we live in (Quote Kirby)

Evaluate theories of postmodernism in relation to media (Jan 2013)

Explain the most important theories of postmodernism and apply them to media
texts you have studied (June 2014)
o These are general questions so you can choose what texts to write about
but you need to framework your paras around the theorists use their
quotes throughout.
o Intro - what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media, mention that a
number of theories relate to pomo.
o One of the most important theories relating to postmodernism is
Baudrillards theory of hyperreality Structured reality, GTA, facebook
o Another theory pertaining to Postmodernism is Lyotards theory of the
rejection of grand narratives facebook, GTA
o Filiciak has postulated theories of hyperidentities which relate to
postmodern media social media - facebook and instagram, mmorpg
games
 o It can be argued that postmodernism has undergone a shift that reflects
the new digital era we live in - Alan Kirbys digimodernism reality tv,
digmodern promotions etc

Red Qs:
Postmodern media blur the boundary between reality and representation.
Discuss this idea with reference to media texts that you have studied. (June 2010)
Postmodern media break the rules of representation. Discuss. (June 2012)
o These questions need you to focus specifically on issues of representation.
This means you can only write about certain texts.
o Intro: what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media, some postmodern
media texts blur the boundary/break the rules etc.
o A postmodern media text that blurs the boundary of reality and
representation/breaks the rules of representation is structured reality tv
programmes hyperreal
o It can be argued that social media blur the boundary of reality and
representation/break the rules of representation. hyperidenitities
o Computer games such as GTA/MMORPG can be seen to blur the boundaries
between reality and representation/break the rules of representation.
Hyperreality & hyperidentities
o Instagram is an example of postmodern media which blurs the boundary
between reality and representation/breaks the rules of representation
rejects verisimilitude
o It can be argued that postmodernism has undergone a shift that reflects
the new digital era we live in explain Alan Kirbys digimodernims. Some
digimodern texts also blur the boundaries between reality and
representation/break the rules of representation I hate Thailand
digimodern because it relies on the audience to share the promotional text
in order for it to be effective blurs boundaries because it was made to
look like a real video.

Pink Q:
To what extent do postmodern media challenge the relationship between text and
audience? (June 2013)
o For this Q you can either write the above and say the reason the texts
challenge the relationship is because they blur the boundaries or you can
include the following additional ideas:
o Intro: what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media, some postmodern
media challenge the relationships between text and audience
o Some postmodern media challenge the relationship between text and
audience because they rely on intertextuality for the full meaning of the
text to be understood. Lily Allen music video, Iggy music video,
intertextual adverts
o Surreal advertising also challenges the relationship between text and
audience because these texts convey no actual information about the
qualities of the product. This creates a different kind of relationship
between text and audience compared to traditional forms of advertising.

Green Qs:

Discuss why some people are not convinced by the idea of postmodern media.
(Jan 2011)
Explain why the idea of postmodern media might be considered controversial.
(Jan 2010)
Assess the arguments for and against postmodernism, in relation to media
examples. (June 2012)
 o These questions are about debates around pomo media. You can write
about many different texts but try to tailor your paras to ideas of why
people might criticise these texts. Still do your solid PEELs on each as you
would if it was a general question just tweek little bits of your standard
paras or include extra sentences about why people might find the texts
controversial.
o Intro: what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media, some pomo media
texts are controversial
o Structured reality deceiving to audience however its v popular and
people like it
o GTA hyppereality morality of the game there is a question over the
effects on players of engaging in violence and misogyny in a hyppereal
world. These questions will continue with increasingly immersive texts.
o Social media hyperidentities fake? cliched? Essena ONeil, Barbie
account but people enjoy shaping and crafting their own representation
and we enjoy consuming the representations of others even when we
know theyre constructed.
o Social media rejection of grand narratives misinformation can flourish
eg conspiracy theories like chemtrails. Some dangerous misinformation
can have real world effects eg antivaccination movement leading to
outbreaks of measles. Some rejection of grand narratives can be good eg
Humans of New Yorks refugee series or #yesallwomen
o Instagram rejects verisimilitude reality no longer important to us
postmodernists say theres no truth and reality anyway!
o Intertextuality music videos and adverts nothing original anymore,
recycling culture but we enjoy it.
o Surreal adverts silly and unrelated to product but imaginative and
enjoyable.
o Introduce digimodernism then digimodern texts that could be criticised
I Hate Thailand digimodern because it needs sharing to reach an
audience controversial because its deceiving to audience.
All contemporary media is postmodern Discuss this statement in relation
to examples you have studied (Jan 2013)
o Intro: what is pomo, charactersitics of pomo media, much contemporary
media is pomo but not necessarily all.
o A lot of tv programmes these days are pomo. Eg the popularity of
structured reality. Its pomo because of hyperreality. Not all tv is pomo eg
crime drama like Luthar but a lot is as evidenced by popularity of
structured reality. Future implications.
o Computer games increasingly embracing many pomo features GTA and
Mmorpg hyppereality, rejection of the grand narrative of morality,
hyperidentities, - future implications the postmodernity of computer
games will increase (increasingly realistic, immersive hyperreal worlds)
o Adverts, not all are pomo find an example of a normal advert however
many adverts are pomo eg of intertextual or surreal adverts why
theyre popular, future implictions
o All social media is pomo all use hypperreality and hyper identities
examples rejections of grand narratives social media is here to stay
people love hyperidentities
o Digimodernism definition of it much contemporary media has
digimodern features reality tv, digimodern promotions, people love
interactivity its here to stay

Postmodern media manipulate time and space. To what extent does this
definition apply to texts you have studied? (Jan 2012)
o Tough question.do the other one thats offered!