CHINESE ARCHITECTURE MATOQUIANG horsehead walls, w/c serves as
TING (Chinese Pavilions) fire determent from drifting elements
TAI (Terraces) GOLD/YELLOW auspicious (good) color for LOU (Multi-story Buildings) Imperial roofs GE (Two-story Pavilions) GREEN symbolized bamboo shaft representing XUAN (Verandas w/ windows) youth & longevity TA (Chinese Pagodas) 3 MAIN ROOF TYPES XIE (Pavilion/House on Terrace) 1. STRAIGHT INCLINED Single Inclined WU (Rooms along roofed corridors) 2. MULTI-INCLINED 2/more incline 3. SWEEPING roof w/ curvature at corners Chinese Architectural Types 1. COMMONER CEILING FEATURE - Center of the building would be a shrine for CHENG (Inner Wall) dietes & ancestors w/c also be used during GUO (Outer Wall) festivals CHENGGUO (Walls) - GUARDIAN DRAGONS (two wings of the building) CHI (Moats) - TOLOU (Communal fortress) for protection GENG (Inner City) 2. IMPERIAL MAMIAN (Set of Ramps) - Built to showcase the extravagant lifestyle PAI-LOUS monumental, ceremonial gateway - 5 CLAWED DRAGON (adopted by the 1st Ming Emperor) TIBET ARCHITECTURE - NINE JIAN (Space between two columns) - Contains Nepalese, Chinese & Indian Influences - RED (ancient Chinese color favored) PRINCIPLES OF TIBETAN - buildings faced SOUTH for the COLD NORTH - Symmetry in Lay-out & Faade Design WIND - Slightly trapezoidal form - EAST (Direction of rising sun) Solar Worship) - Flat roofs w/ parapets 3. RELIGIOUS - Intricately carved interior timber frame - sacrifices were also offered to the moon, sun, - ORGANIC DESIGN (Grow out of Landscape) earth, mountains, scholars & ancestors Two main Type of Tibetan Architecture Types of Chinese Religious Temples TEMPLES (GOMPAS) used for Religious Ceremonies & Worship BUDDHIST follows Imperial Style STUPAS (CHORTENS) are Reliquary Symbols DAOIST follows Commoner Style - Small Temples, Roundish walls to Squares, Four sidewalls General Architectural Features 3 Types of STUPAS 1. ARCHITECTURAL BILATERAL SYMMETRY 1. PAGODA STYLE Multi-roofs structures w/ wide - Emphasis on Balance & Symmetry in layout of eaves supported by carved wooden struts homes, altars & villages - Finest Architectural Genius of Nepal 2. ENCLOSURE 2. STUPA STYLE Hemispherical mound top by a COURTYARD empty space surrounded by Square Base (HARMIKA) All Seeing Eyes building connected w/ one another 3. SHIKHARA STYLE Curvilinear/Pyramidal Tower SKYWELL intersections of closely spaced whose surface is Broken up Vertically into 5/9 buildings Sections 3. HIERARCHY architecture are based on the strict placement of buildings in a property/complex MATERIALS (Stone, Clay, Wood) 4. HORIZONTAL EMPHASIS architecture stresses CONSTRUCTION visual impact more in width less on height - Elevated Sunny Sites Facing South 5. COSMOLOGICAL CONCEPTS evil things travel - Flat Roofs (used in Central & Western Plateau straight line saw screen wall provisions facing where Rainfall is Slight) main entrances to block evil forces - Sloping Roofs (used in Eastern where Summer - GEOMANCY (feng sui) & TAOISM Rains are Heavier - Roofs are covered either in Slate, Shingles, and CONSTRUCTION / STRUCTURAL Ceramic Tiles HANGTU pounding layers of earth to make walls, foundations ROOFS DOUGONG structural element of interlocking DURBAR SQUARE generic name for plaza wooden brackets CONICAL SPIRES symbolizes 13 Buddhist Heaven w/ Umbrella apex ROOF (JHINGATI) special clay tiles w/ metal gutters DWELLING (1000mm) VIHARA (1500mm) TEMPLES (4000mm)