ADONET

Applied ADO.
NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions

by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
Chapter 21 - Messaging
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Back Cover
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology including
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and interfaces. Where most books cover only SQL and OLE DB data
This text
providers, Mahesh Chand andprovides extensive
David Talbot covercoverage
SQL, OLEofDB,
ADO.NET technology
ODBC data providers and the latest additions to
including
ADO.NET: Oracle, MySQL, andADO.NET
XML .NETinternals, namespaces,
data providers. Chandclasses, and also cover internals of data binding and
and Talbot
interfaces,
they provide detailed coverage and takesWindows
on both a comprehensive
Forms and look
WebatForms
XML data binding and data-bound controls.
namespaces
Since XML plays a major and classes,
role in .NET and how
development, theto integrate
authors alsoboth with a comprehensive look at XML
provide
ADO.NET.
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with ADO.NET.
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions begins with the basics of ASP.NET and data-bound controls. It
then delves
Table into internals of data binding and shows how to use DataGrid, DataList, and other data-bound controls
of Contents
in real-world
Applied applications. Chand
ADO.NETBuilding and Talbot
Data-Driven also discuss the ASP.NET guest book, database XML Web services, and
Solutions
even an online bookstore site development and design process. Advanced developers will learn from the coverage
Introduction
of ADO.NET architecture, related design issues, and how ADO.NET data providers are designed. The authors also
show
Chapter
how1 to -create
ADO.NET
a Custom
BasicsData Provider. Event handling, server side programming, data relations and
constraints, Active Directory,
Chapter 2 - Data Components messaging,
in Visual exception
Studio .NETand error handling, and object relational model are other topics
covered in detail.
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments About the Authors
Mahesh
ChapterChand is presentlyXML
6 - Integrating engaged as a software developer with Kruse. Inc. He has been working with Microsoft
with ADO.NET
database technologies including ODBC, DAO, ADO, and OLE-DB for over 5 years. He has a M.S. degree in Computer
Chapter a7 B.S.
Science, - Data Binding and and
in Mathematics, Windows Forms
is also Data-Bound
a Microsoft Controls
Certified Professional in VC++.In addition to his day job,
Mahesh
Chapterwrites
8 - Constraints
and programsandfor
Data
C#Relations
Corner on C#, VB .NET, ASP .NET and other .NET technologies and help site
visitors.
David Talbot's background is diverse, ranging from developing license plate recognition technology to television set
Chapter
boxes 11 - Stored
to scalable WebProcedures and
applications. Views
Currently, David works in the New Business Technologies group at FreeMarkets
applying
Chapter cutting edge .NET
12 - Oracle, SQLXML,technologies
and Otherto.NET
solveData
business problems. He has been working with .NET since the early
Providers
betas, developing a number of solutions for several start-ups and established companies while working on several
.NET books and articles. Prior to the development of .NET, David worked primarily on Java, SCO UNIX, Linux, DB2,
Chapter
SQL 14 -and
Server, Developing
PERL. Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Applied ADO.NET-Building Data-Driven
Solutions
Apress
MAHESH CHAND AND 2003 (928 pages)
DAVID TALBOT This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.
Copyright 2003 by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot

Table of Contents
Applied ADO.NETBuilding
All rights Data-Driven
reserved. No part Solutions
of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
Introduction
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
Chapter
system,1 without
- ADO.NET Basics
the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
Chapter 2 - Data
ISBN (pbk): Components in Visual Studio .NET
1-59059-073-2
Printed4and
Chapter bound in in
- ADO.NET theConnected
United States of America 12345678910
Environments
Trademarked names may appear in this book. Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence
of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark
Chapter
owner, with- Data
7 Binding of
no intention and Windows Forms
infringement Data-Bound
of the trademark.Controls
Technical
Chapter 9 -Reviewer: Philip Pursglove
ADO.NET Exception Handling
Editorial Directors: Dan Appleman, Gary Cornell, Jason Gilmore, Simon Hayes, Karen Watterson, John
Zukowski
Chapter 13 -Editor:
Managing Developing a Custom
Grace Wong Data Provider
Project15Manager:
Chapter Tracy Brown
- Using ADO.NET in XmlCollins
Web Services
Development Editor: Philip Pursglove
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational
Copy Editor: Kim Wimpsett Mapping in .NET
Compositor:
Chapter Diana
20 - COM Van Winkle,and
Interoperability Van Winkle Design Group
ADO.NET
Artist and Cover Designer: Kurt Krames
Appendix
Indexer:A Ron
- Relational
StraussDatabases: Some Basic Concepts
Production
Appendix Manager:
C - ADO.NET Kari Brooks
Frequently Asked Questions
Index
Manufacturing Manager: Tom Debolski
List of Figures
Distributed
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the information contained in this work.
The source codeApress
for thisbook is available
2003 (928 pages) to readers at http://www.apress.com in the Downloads
section. This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
To uncles Banshiinterfaces, and takes
Lal and Rajbir Singha comprehensive look at XML
Malik for their support and guidance.
-Mahesh Chand ADO.NET.
For Nadia whose patience has carried me through this book.

Table of Contents
-DavidADO.NETBuilding
Applied Talbot Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
About the-Authors
Chapter 1 ADO.NET Basics
Mahesh
Chapter 18Chand is a Microsoft
- Object-Relational .NET consultant,
Mapping in .NET an author, and the founder of C# Corner (www.c-
sharpcorner.com),
Chapter one ofPerformance
19 - Mapped Objects: the leading Considerations
online community
and for
Data.NET (C#, VB .NET, and ASP.NET)
Binding
developers.
Chapter He has
20 - COM a master's degree
Interoperability in computer science and a bachelor's degree in mathematics, and
and ADO.NET
he is a 21
Chapter Microsoft Certified Professional in VC++. Mahesh is also the author of A Programmer's Guide to
- Messaging
ADO.NET
Chapter 22 -inSQL
C# Server
(Apress, 2002).
and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
David Talbot has worked in a variety of technologies including television set top boxes, license plate
recognition, and scalable Web applications. He has written a number of articles concerning .NET
technologies and has worked in various capacities on three books. He is currently working as a
development manager in the New Business Technologies group at FreeMarkets in Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania. Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Apress
About the Technical Reviewer
2003 (928 pages)
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Philip Pursglove
Chapter 9 - ADO.NETis aException
developer with the Willis Group, based in Ipswich, United Kingdom. He has worked
Handling
with every
Chapter 10 -version
Workingofwith
Visual
theBasic
ODBCfrom
.NET3.0 onward.
Data Philip was one of the first developers in the UK to gain
Provider
the Microsoft
Chapter Certified
11 - Stored Application
Procedures Developer certification; he also holds the Microsoft Certified Solution
and Views
Developer certification in addition to a degree in business information systems. Philip writes for Pinnacle
Publishing'sHardcore Visual Basic and SQL Server Professional magazines, and he speaks at user
group events in the UK. He maintains a Web site at www.philippursglove.com and can be reached
at <phil@philippursglove.com>.
Acknowledgments
First, I would
Chapter like to thank Karen
18 - Object-Relational Watterson
Mapping in .NETat Apress. I couldn't even think about finishing this book without
her timely
Chapter 19 -expert
Mappedcomments and motivation.
Objects: Performance Second, asand
Considerations always,
Data project
Bindingmanager Tracy Brown Collins did
a great job of managing the entire project so we could finish it within the time constraints. Without a
technical reviewer, a book could never be published. Philip Pursglove did a good job of improving the
technical aspect of the book. Thanks also to Kim Wimpsett, the copy editor, and Kari Brooks, the
production manager, for their hard work and for giving the book a professional look.
Appendix
-MaheshBChand
- Commonly Used SQL Statements
I would like to thank Andy Harris for convincing me to write my first book.
Index
List of Figures
-David Talbot
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Introduction
Apress 2003developers
This book is for experienced (928 pages) who want to write desktop or Web-based database applications in
This text provides
.NET. This book assumes you have extensive coverage
some prior of ADO.NET
programming technology
knowledge of an object-oriented
programming language such as C++, Java, or Visual Basic; some basic concepts of database
programming; and some experience
namespaces with and
and classes, previous versions
how to of both
integrate Visual Studio (VS). This book also assumes
with
you know the basic concepts of .NET and how to install it.
ADO.NET.
The following sections briefly introduce this book's chapters.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: "ADO.NET Basics"
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
This chapter providesBasics
you with a high-level overview of ADO.NET. This chapter covers the basics of
Chapter 2 - describes
ADO.NET, Data Components in Visualover
its advantages Studio .NET data access technologies, and briefly introduces
current
ADO.NET
Chapter 3 -classes
ADO.NETand
in namespaces. It also shows you how to use ADO.NET classes and namespaces to
Disconnected Environments
write simple
Chapter databaseinapplications
4 - ADO.NET using VS .NET (VS .NET). Finally, Microsoft VS .NET provides
Connected Environments
tremendous
Chapter support ADO.NET
5 - Handling for writingEvents
database applications in no time using its wizards and utilities. This chapter
also briefly
Chapter 6 - introduces
Integrating ADO.NET components and how they fit in the model and work together.
XML with ADO.NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 2: by
"Data
MaheshComponents in Visual Studio
Chand and David Talbot .NET"
ISBN:1590590732
The Visual StudioThis
.NETtext(VS .NET)extensive
provides Integratedcoverage
Development Environment
of ADO.NET (IDE) provides design-time
technology
support to work with data components.
including In thisnamespaces,
ADO.NET internals, chapter, you'll learn and
classes, how to use these data components in
the VS .NET IDEinterfaces, and takes
at design-time a comprehensive
to create look at XMLThis chapter starts with the Server
database applications.
Explorer, a useful tool for database applications. You'll focus on developing database applications quickly
ADO.NET.
using data components in VS .NET without writing a lot of code. You'll work through a step-by-step tutorial
to help you develop and run a project. The chapter also discusses the Connection,DataAdapter,
Command,
Table DataSet, and DataView components in more detail. After finishing this chapter, you'll have a
of Contents
good understanding
Applied of data
ADO.NETBuilding components
Data-Driven and how to work with them in VS .NET.
Solutions
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 3: by
"ADO.NET
Mahesh Chand in
andDisconnected
David Talbot Environments"
ISBN:1590590732
In this chapter, you'll
This get
textaprovides
broad view of the coverage
extensive ADO.NET ofarchitecture and the basic building blocks of
ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET in a disconnected environment.
including ADO.NET This
internals, chapter plays
namespaces, a major
classes, and role for later chapters as well.
Actually, ADO.NET interfaces,
not onlyand takes a
provides a comprehensive
way to work withlook at XML
databases, it also allows you to access various
kinds of data sources and even in-memory representations of data. You'll learn how to write database
ADO.NET.
applications without using a database. You'll also explore the System.Data and System.Data.Common
namespace classes. Some of the common data objects covered in this chapter are DataTable,
DataColumn,
Table of ContentsDataRow, and DataSet.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 4: by
"ADO.NET
Mahesh Chand in
andConnected
David Talbot Environments"
ISBN:1590590732
This chapter examines ADO.NET
This text provides functionality in a connected
extensive coverage of ADO.NETenvironment,
technology which means you won't be
storing data in memory. You'll
including be reading
ADO.NET andnamespaces,
internals, storing dataclasses,
in data sources.
and You access data from a data
source and save interfaces,
data back and takes
to the dataa source
comprehensive
with thelook
helpatofXML
a bridge between the application and the
data source; in ADO.NET this bridge is a data provider. ADO.NET provides many data providers for
ADO.NET.
working with different data sources to make data access fast, reliable, and easy to use. Each data provider
has data components (classes) that let you connect to a data source and read, write, add, delete, and
update
Table data. This chapter examines these components and shows how to use Windows data-bound
of Contents
controls
Applied to bind data with Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding ADO.NET components.
Solutions
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 5: by
"Handling
Mahesh ChandADO.NET Events"
and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Events are usefulThisfor notifying you extensive
text provides when some action happens
coverage to technology
of ADO.NET an object. An event can have a method
associated with it.including
Not too ADO.NET
many books cover namespaces,
internals, the ADO.NET eventsand
classes, in details. This chapter shows you how
interfaces,
you can handle events and takes objects.
for ADO.NET a comprehensive
It coverslook at XML
almost every ADO.NET data component event and
how to use them namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
in your applications.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 6: by
"Integrating XML
Mahesh Chand and David with
Talbot ADO.NET"
ISBN:1590590732
This chapter begins
Thiswith
textthe introduction
provides of the
extensive classes
coverage of provided
ADO.NET by the .NET Framework Library to work
technology
with Extensible Markup Language
including ADO.NET(XML) documents.
internals, Thisclasses,
namespaces, chapteranddiscusses how to read from and write to
XML documents interfaces, and takes
using the .NET a comprehensive
Framework look at After
Library classes. XML that it discusses how to navigate
through XML documents. The chapter also discusses XML transformations. In addition, this chapter covers
ADO.NET.
the relationship between ADO.NET and XML and shows how to mix them up and use rich ADO.NET
database components to display and manipulate XML data. Finally, this chapter covers the
XPathNavigator
Table of Contents class, which navigates XML documents.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 7: by
"Data
MaheshBinding
Chand and DavidandTalbot
Windows Forms Data-Bound
ISBN:1590590732
Controls" This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Data-bound controls are not only ease to use, but they also provide many built-in features that
programmers willnamespaces
find useful. and
Thisclasses,
chapteranddiscusses the basics
how to integrate of data
both with binding and data-bound controls,
as well as how toADO.NET.
develop interactive Graphical User Interface (GUI) database applications using these
controls in minimal time and with minimal effort. This chapter covers how to use Windows controls such as
theTextBox,Button,Label,CheckBox,ComboBox,ListBox, and DataGrid controls in the data-
Table of Contents
binding process and how to write your custom data-bound applications to navigate through the records of
Applied
a data ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
source. In this chapter, Solutions
you'll learn some data-binding techniques that are hard to find in other
Introduction
ADO.NET books.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 8: by
"Constraints
Mahesh Chand andand
David Data
Talbot Relations"
ISBN:1590590732
This chapter discusses constraints
This text and data coverage
provides extensive relations of
in ADO.NET
detail. First, this chapter starts with a discussion of
technology
constraints and how ADO.NET
including constraint
ADO.NET objects
internals, maintainclasses,
namespaces, data integrity.
and The second part of this chapter
discusses data relations.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 9: by
"ADO.NET
Mahesh Chand Exception
and David Talbot Handling"
ISBN:1590590732
Exception and errorThishandling is oneextensive
text provides of the most important
coverage parts oftechnology
of ADO.NET writing reliable and error-prone
applications. If you come from
including a C++
ADO.NET background,
internals, you're probably
namespaces, familiar with different exceptional
classes, and
handling methodsinterfaces, and takes
such as C++ a comprehensive
exceptional look at XMLexceptional handling, and Microsoft
handling, structured
Foundation Classes (MFC) exceptions. If you come from a Visual Basic background, you're probably
ADO.NET.
familiar with the On Error statement. Besides the exception handling in previous versions of VC++ and
Visual Basic, .NET implements exceptions in a different way, and all .NET-supported languages (C# and
VB .NET)
Table share the same mechanism. Now Visual Basic developers can enjoy the same rich exception
of Contents
handling
Applied C++ developersData-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding have enjoyed. Discussing .NET exception handling is beyond the scope of this
Solutions
book; this chapter concentrates on ADO.NET exception handling classes.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 10:by"Working with
Mahesh Chand and the
David ODBC .NET
Talbot Data Provider"
ISBN:1590590732
This chapter discusses theprovides
This text ODBC extensive
.NET datacoverage
providerofand how totechnology
ADO.NET work with various data sources such as
Access, MySQL, including
Excel, and text using
ADO.NET the ODBC
internals, data provider.
namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 11:by"Stored Procedures
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot and Views"
ISBN:1590590732
Stored procedures and
This views
text are another
provides extensiveimportant
coverageaspect of database
of ADO.NET programming. This chapter
technology
discusses how you can take
including advantage
ADO.NET of VSnamespaces,
internals, .NET tools to work with
classes, and these objects.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 12:by"Oracle, SQLXML,
Mahesh Chand and OtherISBN:1590590732
and David Talbot .NET Data Providers"
In this chapter, you'll
This see
text some more
provides data providersspecifically,
extensive Oracle and SQLXML. In previous
coverage of ADO.NET technology
chapters, you learned howADO.NET
including to work with other namespaces,
internals, data providers, so working
classes, and with the rest of them is just a
piece of cake. Allinterfaces, and takes
data providers a comprehensive
implement look at
a similar class XML
hierarchy model with only a few changes. This
chapter concentrates how to work with Oracle databases and how to access SQL Server using SQLXML.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 13:by"Developing a Custom
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot Data ISBN:1590590732
Provider"
ADO.NET is an extensible architecture
This text provides that allows
extensive anyone,
coverage not just
of ADO.NET Microsoft, to create data providers for
technology
virtually any type including
of data source.
ADO.NET This chapternamespaces,
internals, covers how classes,
to createand
a data provider for pipe-delimited data
interfaces,
files, which is a common fileand takesespecially
format, a comprehensive
for Unixlook at XMLThis data provider plugs in to the
systems.
ADO.NET architecture and provides all of the things you would expect from a data provider, including the
ADO.NET.
ability to fill a DataSet and bind it to any GUI object.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 14:by"Developing Database
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot Applications Using ASP.NET"
ISBN:1590590732
As the programming This world moves extensive
text provides toward thecoverage
Internet of
these days,technology
ADO.NET it's becoming important for developers
to be able to create Web applications
including and Web
ADO.NET internals, services. The
namespaces, Microsoft
classes, and .NET Framework enables you to
develop, maintain, interfaces,
and deploy andreliable
takes a and
comprehensive look at XML
high-performance Web applications and Web services. This
chapter starts with an overview of ASP.NET and how to install it, and it then shows how to develop a
ADO.NET.
simple Web application using VS .NET. Finally, it discusses Web Forms controls and how to use them.
The Web Form's DataGrid control is a useful control to develop Web-based database applications. You
can of
Table bind a DataSet to the DataGrid control as you did for the Windows Form's DataGrid control. This
Contents
chapter discusses how toData-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding fill data to aSolutions
DataGrid and how to develop powerful Web-based database
applications
Introduction using the DataGrid control. It also discusses how to enable paging in a DataGrid control.
Finally,1it shows
Chapter you how
- ADO.NET to develop an ASP.NET guest book for your Web site using ASP.NET.
Basics
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 15:by"Using ADO.NET
Mahesh Chand in XML Web
and David Talbot Services"
ISBN:1590590732
Web services provide a way
This text to run extensive
provides a service coverage
on the Web and access
of ADO.NET its methods using standard protocols,
technology
including Simple including
Object Access
ADO.NET Protocol (SOAP),
internals, XML, Web
namespaces, Service
classes, and Description Language (WSDL), and
Hypertext Transfer interfaces,
Protocoland takes Technically,
(HTTP). a comprehensive look
a Web at XMLis nothing more than an application that
service
exposes its interface over the Web to a client who wants to access the service's abilities. The uses of a
ADO.NET.
Web service include validating credit cards, searching for data in a database, inserting an order into a
shopping cart, and updating a guest list. The sky is the limit on what you can have your Web service do. In
the past,
Table JavaBeans, Component Object Model (COM) components, and other, nonstandard service
of Contents
components
Applied handled these
ADO.NETBuilding services, Solutions
Data-Driven which required specialized formats or extra, specialized components
to exchange data with the client. But Web services under .NET run by invoking methods in the service
Introduction
directly1through
Chapter HTTPBasics
- ADO.NET or SOAP, so someone wanting to run your Web service from their computer can
simply send an HTTP call
Chapter 2 - Data Components to your service,
in Visual passing
Studio .NET the parameters in a standard Uniform Resource
Locator (URL). This chapter shows you
how to use ADO.NET in XML Web services.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 16:by"ASP.NET Server
Mahesh Chand and Controls and
David Talbot Data Binding"
ISBN:1590590732
Chapter 14 discussed some
This text of theextensive
provides basics of coverage
data binding in Web Forms
of ADO.NET and ASP.NET data-bound
technology
controls. You alsoincluding
saw how to use data-bound
ADO.NET controls in classes,
internals, namespaces, Web applications.
and Chapter 15 discussed how to
interfaces,
develop data-driven and takes
Web services anda how
comprehensive lookfunctionality
to access the at XML implemented in a Web service from
Web Forms applications. This chapter extends the information in Chapter 14 and concentrates on the
ADO.NET.
more practical aspect of data binding and Web Forms data-bound controls.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 17:by"Building
Mahesh Chand Real-World
and David Talbot Web Applications"
ISBN:1590590732
Chapter 14 discussed the provides
This text basics ofextensive
ASP.NET and how
coverage ofto write data-driven
ADO.NET technologyWeb applications using
ASP.NET and ADO.NET. Chapter 16
including ADO.NET discussed
internals, data binding
namespaces, in ASP.NET
classes, and and ASP.NET server controls
interfaces,
and how to use these andtotakes
controls a comprehensive
develop look at
data-bound Web XML
applications. This chapter uses the functionality
discussed in those chapters. You'll see how you can write a real-world online job board where candidates
ADO.NET.
can post their resumes, recruiters can post their jobs, recruiters can browse the available resumes, and
job hunters can browse and apply for the available jobs online.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 18:by"Object-Relational Mapping ISBN:1590590732
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot in .NET"
Object-relational This
mapping is a commonly
text provides desired
extensive software
coverage architecture
of ADO.NET element on any platform because
technology
of the encapsulation and modeling
including ADO.NET of data behavior
internals, from aclasses,
namespaces, relational
anddatabase into an object. Although
you can use XMLinterfaces, and takes a(XSD)
Schema Document comprehensive look at
files to create XML from data, these objects are not easily
objects
extensible in regard to modeling data behavior. The technique discussed in this chapter extends the
ADO.NET.
concept provided by Duwamish7 (a demo application from Microsoft) to create custom-built mapped
objects.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 19:by"Mapped
Mahesh ChandObjects: Performance
and David Talbot Considerations and
ISBN:1590590732
Data Binding"
Building on the object-relational concepts discussed in Chapter 18, this chapter deals with the common
problems encountered in a mapped
namespaces system,
and classes, andincluding performance
how to integrate considerations and how to use data
both with
binding. Data binding is the preferred way to work with data in .NET, but you'll need to alter your code
ADO.NET.
slightly when using mapped objects. In addition, performance is always a consideration in creating a
scalable system, but often many of the things that improve performance can lead to an unmaintainable
Table of Contents
system design. In the performance part of the chapter, it discusses common performance problems such
as managing Data-Driven
large tree structures Solutions
and balancing the ease of use that lazy loading can provide vs.
Introduction
reducing round trips to the database.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 20:by"COM Interoperability
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot with ADO.NET"
ISBN:1590590732
COM has been around forprovides
This text many years and iscoverage
extensive used byofmany Windows
ADO.NET applications. Eventually .NET
technology
platform will replace COM,ADO.NET
including but until internals,
then you namespaces,
may need to classes,
developand
COM components from .NET and
access them frominterfaces,
unmanaged and code,
takes aorcomprehensive
you may wantlook at XML
to use COM components in .NET applications.
COM interoperability (also referred to as COM Interop) enables you to use existing COM components in
ADO.NET.
.NET applications or use .NET components in unmanaged code. This chapter shows you how to use ADO
and other COM-based data access technologies through COM Interop in your .NET applications.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 21:by"Messaging"
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
A messaging service
This is one
text of the most
provides effective
extensive and popular
coverage mediums
of ADO.NET to communicate between two
technology
machines. It doesn't matterADO.NET
including if you'reinternals,
a high-tech developer,classes,
namespaces, a stockbroker,
and a high-school student, or a
businessperson. interfaces, and takes
In some means, youaprobably
use messaging services. Some of the common messaging
services are electronic mail (email), instant messenger services, text messaging via phones, or messaging
ADO.NET.
used in complex distributed applications. This chapter covers messaging and its related functionality
defined in the .NET Framework Class Library, as well as how to use it in your applications.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 22:by"SQL Server
Mahesh Chand andTalbot
and David ADO.NET: ISBN:1590590732
Notes on Performance"
Database performance has
This text alwaysextensive
provides been something
coverageofofaADO.NET
black arttechnology
consisting largely of obscure tricks.
Although there's no single ADO.NET
including trick that internals,
will makenamespaces,
your application scale,
classes, andthere are several tricks that can help
interfaces,
you identify and address and takes aproblems.
performance comprehensive look at XML
This chapter covers those tricks. It also discusses some
best practices to make sure you get most out of your code.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Appendix A:
by "Relational
Mahesh Chand andDatabases:Some
David Talbot Basic Concepts"
ISBN:1590590732
Appendix A covers some
This text of the basics
provides of databases,
extensive coverage such as locking,
of ADO.NET cursors, and normalization.
technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Appendix B: "Commonly
by Mahesh Used
Chand and David SQL Statements"
Talbot ISBN:1590590732
SQL is a vital partThis
of database programming.
text provides Appendix
extensive coverage of B is a quick
ADO.NET reference to SQL statements and
technology
shows you how toincluding
write various SQLinternals,
ADO.NET statements.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Appendix C: "ADO.NET
by Mahesh Frequently
Chand and David Talbot Asked Questions"
ISBN:1590590732
This appendix answers some
This text of theextensive
provides commonly asked of
coverage questions
ADO.NETrelated to ADO.NET. Most of these
technology
questions were originally
includingasked on the
ADO.NET discussion
internals, forums at
namespaces, C# Corner
classes, and (www.c-sharpcorner.com) or
other newsgroups.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
1: ADO.NET Basics
ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Highlights This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Activex data objects for the and
interfaces, .NETtakes
Framework (ADO.NET)
a comprehensive lookisatthe latest database access technology from
XML
Microsoft. ADO.NET namespaces
addressesandissues
classes, and
with how to integrate
previous databaseboth withtechnologies and provides the
access
ADO.NET.
foundation for future scalability. Although ADO.NET stands for Active Data Objects .NET, it's perhaps
misnamed because unlike ActiveX Data Objects (ADO), ADO.NET isn't an ActiveX/Component Object
Model
Table of (COM) technology. As the business world is moving onto the Internet, one of the main goals of
Contents
ADO.NET is allow developers
Applied ADO.NETBuilding to writeSolutions
Data-Driven high-performance, reliable, and scalable database applications over
the Internet.
Introduction
ADO.NET uses .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) services to manage the library, and
it utilizes Extensible Markup Language (XML) to cache the data and exchange data among applications
over the Internet as well as intranets.
Chapter 3 inthis
Our goal ADO.NET in Disconnected
chapter Environments
is simply to provide you with a high-level overview of ADO.NET. In it, we provide
Chapter 4 -ofADO.NET
the basics ADO.NET,in Connected Environments
describe its advantages over current data access technologies, and briefly
Chapter 5 ADO.NET
introduce - Handling ADO.NET Events
classes and namespaces as well as show how to use them to write simple database
applications
Chapter using Microsoft
6 - Integrating Visual
XML with Studio .NET (VS .NET). VS .NET provides tremendous support for
ADO.NET
writing 7database
Chapter applications
- Data Binding in no time,
and Windows using
Forms its wizardsControls
Data-Bound and utilities. (Chapter 2 covers VS .NET and
ADO.NET
Chapter 8 -support.) In this
Constraints and chapter, we also briefly describe the ADO.NET components and how they fit in
Data Relations
the model
Chapter 9 -and work together.
ADO.NET ExceptionChapters
Handling 3 and 4 discuss these components in more detail. Specifically, in
Chapter
Chapter 103,- we coverwith
Working the ADO.NET object
the ODBC .NET model
Data in disconnected environments, and in Chapter 4, we
Provider
cover ADO.NET
Chapter in Procedures
11 - Stored connected and
environments.
Views
Note The .NET Base Class Library is also called the .NET Runtime Library or the .NET Framework
Chapter 13 Class
- Developing
Library.a Custom Data Provider
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Overview ofApplied
Microsoft Data
ADO.NET: Access
Building Technologies
Data-Driven Solutions
To understand the importance
Apress of ADO.NET,
2003 (928 pages) it's useful to take a quick look at existing Microsoft database
access technologies before ADO.NET.
Since the first release of Open
interfaces, andDatabase Connectivity (ODBC)
takes a comprehensive to access databases for Windows
look at XML
namespaces
applications, Microsoft and introducing
has been classes, andand
howimproving
to integrate
waysboth
towith
make database programmers' lives
ADO.NET.
easier. In this series of database technologies, it introduced many new technologies and improved existing
technologies. Each of these technologies has its own pros and cons. Some of the technologies are
specific to a particular kind of data source, and some of them are common to all kinds of data sources.
Table of Contents
Together these technologies are called Microsoft Data Access Technologies or Microsoft Data Access
Components (MDAC). These technologies include the following:
Introduction
ODBC
Data
Chapter 3 Access Objects
- ADO.NET (DAO)
in Disconnected Environments
Microsoft Foundation Classes (MFC) ODBC and DAO classes
Chapter 6 - Integrating
Remote XML(RDO)
Data Objects with ADO.NET
Object
Chapter 8 - Linking and and
Constraints Embedding Database (OLE DB)
Data Relations
ADO
ODBC
ODBC was the first formal database access technology introduced by Microsoft. ODBC provides a low-
level C/C++ Application Programming Interface (API) to retrieve data from relational databases such as
Chapter 15 - Using
SQL Server, ADO.NET
Access, in Xml
or Oracle byWeb
usingServices
ODBC drivers and ODBC Administration. With the help of ODBC
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Datayou
drivers and the ODBC Administration utility, Binding
can connect to any ODBC-compliant data source using
the ODBC API. However, ODBC is relational in nature, so it's difficult to use ODBC to communicate with
nonrelational Mapping
data sources such in .NET
as object databases, network directory services, email stores, and so on.
Figure 20
Chapter 1-1-shows ODBC connectivity
COM Interoperability to a database through an ODBC driver and ODBC Administration,
and ADO.NET
also called
Chapter 21 - the ODBC driver manager.
Messaging
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 1-1: ODBC architecture
Using ODBC functions isn't a fun way of programming for high-level programmers. ODBC is a hierarchical
model, which means you have to create environment and database objects before creating a recordset
object with which you can start accessing the data. Other problems with ODBC are multiple connections
and multiple data sources. An ODBC connection doesn't allow you to connect to two data sources using
the same connection. You need to use two separate connection objects to do so. Being non-object-
oriented in nature and having poor memory management are other drawbacks of ODBC.
For the History Buffs: How ODBC Came to Be [1]

In early 1988,Applied
Microsoft's Applications
ADO.NET: Group
Building realized it Solutions
Data-Driven had a problem. Microsoft had a whole slew of
applications that needed to share data. Enter
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot Kyle Geiger. Geiger, fresh from eight years of
ISBN:1590590732
experience atApress
WangLaboratories-primarily
2003 (928 pages) in PC databases-recalls that he was given this sort of ill-
defined problemThis text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technologythought about it for awhile and
and told to go "think about it for awhile." Well, Geiger
restated the problem
including as one of internals,
ADO.NET deliveringnamespaces,
data "from anywhere"
classes, andinto Microsoft applications, producing
interfaces,
a first specification and takes
by spring 1988.a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
By spring 1989, the emerging ODBC specification had gone through several drafts. Geiger and
members of Microsoft's Applications and Systems groups wrestled with how much reliance they
should put on the just-inherited Sybase DB-Library API. Concurrently, Geiger heard about what was
Table of Contents
eventually to become the SQL Access Group (SAG). Then came three grueling years of consensus
building as a member of the SAG. The culmination of the first phase was the March 1992 ODBC
Introduction
Developers Conference where the ODBC 1.0 Software Development Kit (SDK) was demonstrated
and distributed.
The
Chapter 3 design goalsinofDisconnected
- ADO.NET ODBC wereEnvironments
to provide location, a Database Management System (DBMS), and
particular
Chapter ODBC in
4 - ADO.NET driver transparency;
Connected to provide SQL as a language for universal data access, even to
Environments
non-SQL
Chapter data sources;
5 - Handling ADO.NETto Events
leverage existing and evolving standards; and to provide tools for easy
ODBC
Chapter 6 - setup and administration.
Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Although ODBC was designed as a Windows-specific API, because it was built on top of the SAG's
Call Level Interface specification, the potential for cross-platform, ODBC-compliant APIs was always
present. In fact, in 1994, ODBC links to both the Unix and Macintosh worlds (via Apple Data Access
Chapter 10 - Working
Language, withbegan
or DAL) the ODBC .NET Data Provider
to appear.
Meanwhile,
Chapter Microsoft
12 - Oracle, revised
SQLXML, the ODBC
and Other specification
.NET Data Providers and introduced it as the ODBC 2.0 SDK. The
main
Chapter 13 difference between
- Developing ODBC
a Custom Data1.0 and ODBC 2.0 was new 32-bit support and enhanced functionality
Provider
for 14
Chapter the- so-called "navigational"
Developing Database Web model. The latter
Applications usingessentially
ASP.NET maps SQL functionality to non-SQL
databases
Chapter and
15 - Using data sources
ADO.NET in Xml including xBASE and Paradox.
Web Services
DAO
DAO is a set of COM interfaces for accessing databases; it uses the Microsoft Jet database engine to
connect. DAO is best suited for accessing desktop databases including Access, FoxPro, and SQL Server
because it can directly connect to these databases through the Jet database engine. Figure 1-2 shows the
connectivity between a client application, an Access database, and ODBC data sources using DAO.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 1-2: DAO model
DAO is easier to use than the ODBC API, but it doesn't provide the degree of low-level control and
flexibility afforded by the ODBC API. Therefore, you could classify DAO as a high-level database interface.
To access non-Access databases, DAO uses ODBC internally, which adds one more layer of API to
access ODBC data sources. This degrades the performance of DAO while accessing ODBC data
sources.
MFC ODBCApplied
and DAO Classes
MFC is a set of C++ classes that provides DAO and ODBC classes to access databases that use DAO
and ODBC. These classes provide a high-level programming model for Visual C++ developers working
with DAO and ODBC. These classes are a nice wrapper around DAO and ODBC APIs. A drawback of
these classes is that they aren't
interfaces, flexible
and takes enough. Also, they
a comprehensive look are slow in performance because of too many
at XML
layers. namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
RDO
Table of Contents
RDO isADO.NETBuilding
Applied an object interface for ODBC Solutions
Data-Driven that provides an OLE layer on the top of the ODBC API. The main
advantage of RDO is that it gives developers an object interface for ODBC developers, but the
Introduction
disadvantage is that it's slow in performance because of too many layers. It also suffers the ODBC
limitation of not being well suited for nonrelational data sources.
OLE DB
Chapter 4
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments
OLE DB was designed to access all kinds of data including relational, nonrelational, text data, graphical
data, and directory services. OLE DB components consist of data providers, which expose their data; data
consumers, which use data; and service components, which process and transport data (for example,
query processors and cursor engines). OLE DB is a low-level programming model and provides the most
Chapter 9 and
flexibility - ADO.NET Exception
control over data.Handling
Figure 1-3 shows the OLE DB model.
Chapter 20 - 1-3:
Figure COM OLE
Interoperability
DB model and ADO.NET
As you can see from Figure 1-3, a client application accesses a database through an OLE DB provider
and consumers. You must have an OLE DB provider installed to use OLE DB in your application; database
venders provide this.
Index
ADO
List of Figures
List of Tables
ActiveX Data Objects (ADO) is a set of ActiveX components that provide object-based programmatic
List of Listings
access to OLE DB. ADO is a COM wrapper around OLE DB libraries. ADO is much simpler to use than
List of Sidebars
OLE DB; you can classify it as a high-level database interface.
In comparison to other data access technologies, ADO provides many benefits. ADO is easy to program
and, with a few exceptions, is faster than ODBC and DAO. ADO also provides more flexibility and control
over data. You don't have to go through a hierarchy of objects to access data as you do in DAO or ODBC.
ADO (OLE DB) is a set of COM interfaces. This means ADO provides a binary standard to access any kind
of data source. You can use ADO with any language that supports COM, such as Visual Basic (VB) or
C++. ADO also supports XML data access with the help of Microsoft XML (MSXML).
ADO.NET
ADO.NET is an evolution of ADO. The ADO.NET and XML .NET APIs construct a uniform model to work
with XML data from any type of data store. The ADO.NET API is managed code, which means you get all
the advantages ofby.NET,
Mahesh Chand and
including David Talbot
automatic memory management ISBN:1590590732
and garbage collection. Unlike DAO
or ODBC, though, you don't have to install new libraries to make an ADO.NET program work if you are
This text
already running .NET provides extensive
applications coverage
on a machine. We of ADO.NET
discuss technology
ADO.NET in more detail in the following
section.
[1]Karen Watterson, "ODBC," and
namespaces Microsoft SQL
classes, andServer
how toConnection, July
integrate both 1992.
with
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
What Is ADO.NET?
ADO.NET is a new database
Apress 2003 access technology created by Microsoft; its .NET Framework can access any
(928 pages)
kind of data source. It's a collection of object-oriented
This text provides extensive classes
coverage of ADO.NETthattechnology
provides a rich set of data components
to create high-performance, reliable, and scalable database applications
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and for client-server applications as
well as distributedinterfaces, and takes
environments over athecomprehensive look at XML
Internet and intranets.
ADO.NET.
In the ADO.NET modelunlike ADO (in connected state) and previous data access
technologiesapplications are connected to the data sources only when they are reading or updating the
data. After that, the connection closes. This is important because in client-server or distributed
Table of Contents
applications, having connection resources open all the time is one of the most resource-consuming parts.
You don't have to connect to a data source all the time; the only time you need to connect to a data source
Introduction
is when you are reading and writing final changes to a data source.
Chapter
The old2 approach
- Data Components in Visual Studio
of having connections open.NET
all the time is problematic when considering the number of
Chapter
clients 3that- access
ADO.NETtheinsame
data source simultaneously. In larger systems, Microsoft Transaction Server
(MTS)/COM+
Chapter was often
4 - ADO.NET used to pool
in Connected ADO connections to address some of this resource consumption;
Environments
however,
Chapter 5 ADO.NET
- Handling provides
ADO.NET aEvents
more optimal paradigm for large systems without needing to utilize
MTS/COM+
Chapter enterprise XML
6 - Integrating servicesunless,
with ADO.NET of course, you need to take advantage of such advanced
techniques
Chapter 7 - as a three-phase
Data commit. Forms Data-Bound Controls
Binding and Windows
ADO.NET uses Structured Query Language (SQL) queries and stored procedures to read, write, update,
Chapter 9
and deletedata
from a data source. You use SQL queries through the ADO.NET Command object, which
Chapter
returns dataWorking
10 - withof
in the form the ODBC .NET Data
DataReader Provider objects. After that connection is closed with the data
or DataSet
source, you use DataSet objects to work with the data and connect to the data source again when you
Chapter
need to12 - Oracle,
update the SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
data source.
Note
Chapter 14 SQL queries Database
- Developing are also called SQL statements.
Web Applications See Appendix B for some SQL query examples.
using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 See Chapter
- Using 11 for
ADO.NET in more details
Xml Web on stored procedures.
Services
ADataSet is a collection of DataTable objects and the relationships among them. It works as a
container that stores returned data from a database in cached form. You can fill a DataSet with the data
retrieved from multiple tables of a database. Once you have a DataSet (which is disconnected data, stored
Chapter
on your19 - Mapped
local Objects:
machine), Performance
you treat Considerations
the DataSet as your and
dataData Binding
source and work with it. You call the Update
Chapter
method20to-make
COM Interoperability
DataSet changes and ADO.NET
final to the actual database. You can even read and update a
Chapter
DataSet 21 -from
Messaging
different data sources.
You access
Appendix a data source
A - Relational and fillSome
Databases: a DataSet via data providers. The .NET Framework provides three
Basic Concepts
differentBtypes
Appendix of data providers
- Commonly Used SQL that ship with the version 1.0 of Visual Studio .NET: Sql, OleDb, and Odbc.
Statements
MicrosoftC and
Appendix third parties
- ADO.NET have Asked
Frequently also developed
Questions data providers for the Oracle database. Some companies
also have developed data providers for MySql and other databases. You use a DataAdapter object of a
Index
data provider and call its Fill method to fill a DataSet.
List of Figures
List
XML of plays
Tablesa major role in ADO.NET. The ADO.NET model utilizes XML to store the data in cache and
List of Listings
transfer the data among applications. DataSets use XML schemas to store and transfer data among
List of SidebarsYou can even use this XML file from other applications without interacting with the actual
applications.
DataSet. Because XML is an industry standard, data can be used among all kinds of applications and
components; because of its text-based nature, data can be transferred via many protocols, such as
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). We discuss XML and ADO.NET integration and how you can take
advantage of XML support in ADO.NET applications in Chapter 6.
Why ADO.NET Was
Applied Designed
As mentioned, each previous
Apress 2003 data access technology has its own pros and cons. Some of them were
(928 pages)
designed specifically for a particular type of data
This text provides extensive source,
coverage some of technology
of ADO.NET them aren't easy to program for
developers, and some
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and For example, the ODBC API is a set
of them don't have good enough performance.
interfaces,
of C functions. It has and takes a comprehensive
no object-oriented look at XMLapplications using ODBC is a time-
support. So, developing
consuming process namespaces and classes,
for developers. andproblem
Another how to integrate
with ODBC bothiswith
its relational nature. The ODBC API is
ADO.NET.
limited to relational databases, and it's difficult to use ODBC with nonrelational data sources such as
network directories, email stores, ISAM data, object data, and so on.
Table of Contents
DAO is an object model but was specifically designed to work with the Microsoft Jet database engine. The
MFC ODBC and DAO classes are one more wrapper for ODBC and DAO APIs. Because of this extra
Introduction
wrapper, these classes aren't up to the mark performance-wise and still have some of the same limitations
as ODBC and DAO.
Chapter
OLE-DB 3 is- aADO.NET
solution in Disconnected
that works with Environments
any kind of data source using OLE-DB providers and consumers;
however,
Chapter 4 writing OLE-DB
- ADO.NET applications
in Connected is time consuming, and it's hard for developers to program them.
Environments
Moreover,
Chapter 5 -OLE-DB
HandlingisADO.NET
a flat model.
EventsThat means you could directly connect to a table without going through
hierarchical
Chapter objects of connections
6 - Integrating and databases. Because of the lower-level programming model of the
XML with ADO.NET
OLE API,
Chapter 7 the OLE-DB
- Data API
Binding isn't
and easy toForms
Windows program for non-OLE
Data-Bound programmers.
Controls
To overcome this problem, Microsoft introduced ADO. ADO is a high-level programming model, and it was
the best data access technology at that point. It's a nice COM wrapper for the OLE-DB API, and it suits
most developers. The first major drawback of ADO is that it's a COM-based model. Writing COM-based
Chapter 11 - Stored
applications Procedures
and using them isand Views one of the most difficult models of programming and a pain for
probably
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other
non-COM developers. The second drawback .NET Data Providers
is the limited support for XML. You can read XML documents
Chapter
through13ADO,
- Developing a Custom
but documents Data
have to Provider
have a certain format, which negates many of the benefits of XML.
Keeping
Chapter 15all these ADO.NET
- Using problemsininXml
mind,
WebMicrosoft
Serviceswrote a set of new object-oriented classes: ADO.NET.
ADO.NET
Chapter 16 -inherits
ASP.NET itsServer
programming
Controls model from
and Data its predecessor ADO, so ADO programmers will see
Binding
something
Chapter 17 -common between these
Building Real-World two APIs. As such, it will also take less time to jump from ADO to
Web Applications
ADO.NET. ADO.NET classes are based on the ADO model and have some objects in common, such as
Connection and Command. However, DataSets replace recordsets in ADO.NET. These classes are
easy to use and have solutions for all the problems mentioned.
Chapter
In brief,21 - Messaging
ADO.NET was designed to meet today's programming needs, including disconnected data, tight
Chapter
integration-with
22 SQL XML,
Server anda ADO.NET:
and Notes on
common model to Performance
work with all kinds of data sources. Welcome to the
Appendix
ADO.NET A -world.
Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
AdvantagesApplied
of ADO.NET
ADO.NET offers Apress
severaladvantages over previous Microsoft data access technologies, including ADO.
2003 (928 pages)
The following sections outline these advantages.
Single Object-Oriented API
ADO.NET.
As discussed earlier, with the many available data access methods, sometimes developers are confused
about which technology to use. For example, to work with Microsoft Access databases, you can use
Table of Contents
ODBC, DAO, OLE-DB, ADO, DAO, or ODBC MFC classes.
Which one would you choose? It all depends on your requirements. Another problem with these
Introduction
technologies
Chapter is installing
1 - ADO.NET the right version. For example, ODBC and ADO have different versions of DLLs,
Basics
and some -ofData
Chapter 2
these versions aren't backward or forward compatible. So, if a user is running some
Components in Visual Studio .NET
programs that require ODBC 3.0 and your application uses ODBC 3.5, then the user will have to install
ODBC 3.5 to run your application. However, the users' programs that are based on ODBC 3.0 may not
work properly after installing ODBC 3.5. Having multiple DLL versions is a well-known problem, termed
DLL hell.
Chapter
ADO.NET7 -provides
Data Binding and object-oriented
a single Windows Forms set Data-Bound Controls
of classes. Different data providers work with different data
sources,
Chapter 8 but the programming
- Constraints and Datamodel for all these data providers work in the same way. So, if you know
Relations
how to 9work
Chapter with one Exception
- ADO.NET data provider, you can easily work with others. It's just a matter of changing class
Handling
names10
Chapter and- Working
connection
withstrings.
the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Note You can use more than one data provider to access a single data source. For example, you can
use Odbc or OleDb data providers to access Microsoft Access databases.
Chapter 14 - Developing
The ADO.NET classesDatabase
are easy Web Applications
to use and easy using ASP.NET because of their object-oriented nature.
to understand
Managed Code
The ADO.NET Mapping in
classes are managed .NET They have all the advantages of the .NET CLR, such as
classes.
Chapter 19 independency
language - Mapped Objects:
andPerformance Considerations
automatic resource and DataAll
management. Binding
.NET languages access the same API.
So, if you
Chapter 20 know
- COMhow to use theseand
Interoperability classes in C#, you will have no problem using them in VB .NET. Another
ADO.NET
big advantage
Chapter is you don't have to worry about memory allocation and freeing it. The CLR takes care of it
21 - Messaging
for you.22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Chapter
XML Support
Today, XML is an industry standard and the most widely used method of sharing data among applications
Index
over
List of the Internet. As mentioned earlier, in ADO.NET data is cached and transferred in XML format. All
Figures
components
List of Tables and applications can share this data, and data can be transferred via different protocols such
as of
List HTTP. We explain this topic in more detail in Chapters 6 and 7.
Listings
List of Sidebars
Visual Data Components
VS .NET offers ADO.NET components and data-bound controls to work in visual form. That means you
can use these components as you use any Windows controls. You drag and drop these components on
Windows and Web Forms, set their properties, and write events. This helps programmers to write less
code and develop applications in no time. VS .NET also offers the Data Form Wizard, which helps you
create full-fledged database applications without writing a single line of code. Using these components,
you can directly bind these components with data-bound controls by setting these control's properties at
design-time.Chapter 4 explains this in detail.
Performance and Scalability

Performance andApplied
scalability are two major factors when developing Web-based applications and services.
Transferring data from one source to another is a costly affair over the Internet because of connection
bandwidth limitations and rapidly increasing traffic. Using disconnected cached data in XML takes care of
both of these problems.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ComparingApplied
ADO.NET and
ADO.NET: ADO
Building Data-Driven Solutions
Prior to ADO.NET, ADOwas
Apress 2003 the
(928most
pages)popular and powerful Microsoft data access technology. So, how
does ADO.NET improve on ADO? To understand
This text provides extensive the of
coverage power of ADO.NET,
ADO.NET technologyit's not a bad idea to compare
ADO.NET with ADO.
namespaces
The ADO.NET model and classes,
is inherited from its and how to integrate
predecessor both
ADO, but withare some key differences between
there
ADO.NET.
ADO and ADO.NET. The following sections describe these differences.
Connections and Disconnected Data

Table of Contents
With ADO.NET, you use as few connections as possible and have more disconnected data. In fact, it's
Introduction
recommended
Chapter to useBasics
1 - ADO.NET disconnected data in ADO.NET. In ADO.NET, disconnected data is stored in the
form of in-memory DataTable or XML DataSet objects. Having disconnected data not only reduces the
load and resource consumption on the server and network, but it also provides better performance.
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
The ADO.NET in Connected
DataSet not only Environments
supports disconnected data, but it provides rich features in comparison
Chapter 5 - recordset.
to an ADO Handling ADO.NET Events
A DataSet, which is a collection of DataTable objects, can store data, but it can
Chapter 6 -database
also store Integrating XML
table with ADO.NET
schemas and the relationship between multiple tables.
Chapter 8
- Constraints and Data Relations
Recordsets vs. DataSets
Chapter
In ADO,10the
- Working
in-memorywithrepresentation
the ODBC .NETofData
dataProvider
is the recordset. A recordset is a set of records that can be
Chapter 11database
an entire - Stored Procedures and Views
table, a section of a table, or a join of more than one table. You use SQL statements to
return the
Chapter 12 -set of data.
Oracle, You use
SQLXML, anda Other
recordset's MoveNext,
.NET Data MovePrevious,MoveFirst, and MoveLast
Providers
methods
Chapter 13to navigate through
- Developing the Data
a Custom data.Provider
Note Even though there's no support of move methods in a DataSet, you can implement them using
data binding. We discuss data binding in more detail in Chapter 7.
Chapter 17 - Building
In ADO.NET, Real-World
the recordset Web Applications
is gone. The new objects introduced in ADO.NET that serve the purpose of the
Chapter 18 are
recordset - Object-Relational
the DataSet and Mapping in .NET
DataReader. A DataSet object represents a DataSet, and a
Chapter objectObjects:
19 - Mapped
DataReader represents a DataReader
Performance in ADO.NET.
Considerations A DataSet
and Data Binding is a collection of one or more
than one
Chapter 20 table.
- COMAInteroperability
DataSet can and alsoADO.NET
contain metadata of database tables, such as their relationships,
constraints,
Chapter and primary and foreign keys. A DataTable object represents a table of a DataSet. With
21 - Messaging
the help
Chapter 22of- the Server and object,
SQLDataView ADO.NET:youNotes
can have multiple views of the same DataSet.
on Performance
ADataSet doesn't have any move methods to navigate through DataSet records like a recordset does.
In ADO.NET, a DataTable is a collection of DataRows. You use a DataRow object to navigate through
the records. ADO.NET also provides DataRelation objects to navigate through master and detail
Index
records using primary and foreign keys. The DataReader object provides fast-cached, forward-only data
List of Figures
to read data and navigate through its records.
List of Tables
List of Listings
XML Support
List of Sidebars
The ADO.NET model uses XML to store and transfer data among applications, which is not only an
industry standard but also provides fast access of data for desktop and distributed applications. ADO uses
COM marshaling to transfer data among applications, which is not only hard to program but also not as
efficient or reliable as XML because of its limitations, its data types and their conversions, and the nature of
COM. Using XML, it's easy to program XML files, and you can also transfer data through firewalls using
HTTP, which isn't possible using COM marshaling.
Overview ofApplied
ADO.NET Namespaces
ADO.NET: and
Building Data-Driven Classes
Solutions
TheSystem.Data namespace
Apress and
2003 (928 its five supporting namespaces define the ADO.NET functionality. In
pages)
this section, we briefly describe these namespaces.
This text provides extensive coverageLater chaptertechnology
of ADO.NET describe these namespaces and
classes in more detail. These namespaces reside in the System.Data.dll
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and assembly.
namespaces
Note In the .NET and classes,
Framework, and how
each class to integrate
belongs both with A namespace is a logical group of
to a namespace.
ADO.NET.
related types and their definitions. To access a type defined in a namespace, you must reference
the namespace by using the Imports keyword or by referencing it directly. For example, the
System namespace defines all the system-related functionality. For example, the Console
Table of Contents
class of the System
Applied ADO.NETBuilding namespace
Data-Driven represents the system console. If you want to access the
Solutions
Console
Introduction class, you need to call System.Console or Imports System in your application.
The six general ADO.NET namespaces are System.Data,System.Data.Common,
Chapter 2 - Data Components
System.Data.OleDb, in Visual Studio .NET
System.Data.Odbc, System.Data.SqlClient, and
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected
System.Data.SqlTypes. BesidesEnvironments
these namespaces, each new data provider may have its own
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
namespace. in Connected
For example, Environments
if you install the Oracle .NET data provider, the installation adds a new
Chapter 5 - Handling
namespace, ADO.NET Events
the Microsoft.Data.OracleClient namespace, which also belongs to ADO.NET.
TheSystem.Data
Chapter namespace
7 - Data Binding is the Forms
and Windows core namespace
Data-Bound of ADO.NET. It consists of the base classes for
Controls
the ADO.NET
Chapter architecture.
8 - Constraints All data
and Data providers use these classes. It defines classes that represent tables,
Relations
columns, rows,
Chapter 9
and DataSets. Some common classes from this namespace are DataView,
- ADO.NET Exception Handling
DataViewManager,DataSet,DataTable,DataRow,DataColumn, and DataRelation. To use
these classes in your applications, you need to add a reference to the System.Data namespace.
Chapter 12 All
Note - Oracle,
classesSQLXML, and Other
in the .NET Base .NET Data
Class Providers
Library are derived from the Object class and represent a
Chapter 13 type.
Some authors Data
and Provider
documentation also use the word type for a .NET Framework class.
TheSystem.Data.Common
Chapter namespace
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml defines common classes. These classes are base classes for
Web Services
concrete
Chapter 16data provider
- ASP.NET classes.
Server All data
Controls providers
and Data share these classes. DBConnection,DataAdapter,
Binding
DbDataAdaper,
Chapter DataColumnMapping,
17 - Building and DataTableMapping are some of the classes defined in
Real-World Web Applications
this namespace.
Chapter To use these
18 - Object-Relational classes
Mapping in in your application, you need to add a reference to the
.NET
System.Data.Common namespace in your application. Sql, OleDb, and Odbc.
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability
TheSystem.Data.OleDb and ADO.NET
namespace defines classes to work with OLE-DB data sources using .NET
OleDb data providers. To work with an OLE-DB data source, you must have an OleDb provider for that
Chapter 22 - SQL
data source. EachServer
dataand ADO.NET:
provider Notes on
component Performance
has a class corresponding to it. These classes start with
OleDb, followed by the component. For example, the OleDbConnection class represents a
Appendix object. Some
B - Commonly
Connection of the
Used SQL common classes of this namespace are OleDbDataAdapter,
Statements
OleDbDataReader,
Appendix OleDbCommand,
C - ADO.NET Frequently OleDbCommandBuilder,OleDbError,OleDbParameter,
Asked Questions
OleDbPermission, and OleDbTransaction. To use these classes in your application, you need to
Index
addofaFigures
List reference to the System.Data.OleDb namespace in your application.
List of Tables
Similar to the System.Data.OleDb namespace, the System.Data.Odbc namespaces define Odbc
List of Listings
.NET data provider classes to work with the ODBC data sources. To work with ODBC data sources, you
List of Sidebars
need to install an ODBC driver for a database. The System.Data.Odbc namespace classes start with
Odbc, followed by the component. For example, the OdbcConnection class represents a Connection
object. Some of the common classes of this namespace are OdbcDataAdapter,OdbcDataReader,
OdbcCommand,OdbcCommandBuilder,OdbcError,OdbcParameter,OdbcPermission, and
OdbcTransaction. To use these classes in your application, you need to add a reference to the
System.Data.Odbc namespace in your application.
TheSystem.Data.SqlClient namespaces define Sql .NET data provider classes to work with SQL
Server 7.0 or later databases. Similar to Odbc and OleDb classes, the classes in this namespace start with
Sql, followed by the component. For example, common classes are SqlConnection,
SqlDataAdapter,SqlCommand,SqlDataReader, and SqlTransaction.
The last namespace, System.Data.SqlTypes, provides a group of classes representing the specific
Applied
types found in SQL ADO.NET:
Server. Some of Building Data-Driven
these classes Solutions
are SqlBinary, SqlMoney,SqlString,SqlInt32,
by Mahesh Chand and David
SqlDouble,SqlDateTime, and SqlNumeric. Talbot ISBN:1590590732
We discuss theseThis
namespaces, classes,
text provides andcoverage
extensive their members in more
of ADO.NET detail in Chapters 3 and 4.
technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedADO.NET Components
You can categorize ADO.NET
Apress components
2003 (928 pages) into three categories: disconnected, common or shared, and
the .NET data providers. The disconnected components build thetechnology
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET basic ADO.NET architecture. You can
use these components (or classes) with or without data providers.
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and For example, you can use a
DataTable object interfaces, and takes
with or without a comprehensive
data look or
providers. Shared at common
XML components are the base classes
for data providersnamespaces and classes,
and are shared and providers.
by all data how to integrate
The databothprovider
with components are specifically
ADO.NET.
designed to work with different kinds of data sources. For example, Odbc data providers work with ODBC
data sources, and OleDb data providers work with OLE-DB data sources.
Table of Contents
Figure 1-4 represents the ADO.NET components model and shows how the components work together.
Introduction
Chapter 8 - 1-4:
Figure Constraints and Data components
The ADO.NET Relations model
Adata provider
Chapter is a set
10 - Working ofthe
with components,
ODBC .NET such
Data as Connection,Command,DataAdapter, and
Provider
DataReader.
Chapter TheProcedures
11 - Stored Connection is the first component that talks to a data source. The Connection
and Views
object establishes a connection to a data source and is used in Command and DataAdapter objects as a
connection reference. A Command object executes a SQL query and stored procedures to read, add,
update, and delete data in a data source via a DataAdapter. The DataAdapter is a bridge between a
DataSet and the connection. It uses Command objects to execute SQL queries and stored procedures.
Chapter
All data16providers
- ASP.NET Server
share theControls
ADO.NET andcommon
Data Binding
components. These components represent the data.
Some of the common components are DataSet,DataView, and DataViewManager. The DataSet
uses XML
Chapter 18 -toObject-Relational
store and transfer data between
Mapping in .NET the applications and the data provider. A DataSet is a set of
DataTable
Chapter objects.
19 - Mapped A DataTable
Objects: represents
Performance a database
Considerations table.Binding
and Data The DataView and
DataViewManager
Chapter objects provide
20 - COM Interoperability single or multiple views of a DataSet. You can attach a DataView
and ADO.NET
or a DataViewManager
Chapter 21 - Messaging directly to data-bound controls such as a DataGrid or a DataList. Other
common
Chapter 22 components
- SQL Server are
andDataTable, DataRow,
ADO.NET: Notes DataColumn, and so on. Now let's break down the
on Performance
ADO.NET
Appendix A -model to see
Relational how it works.
Databases: Some Basic Concepts
The Connection Object
Index
The
List ofConnection
Figures object is the first component of ADO.NET that we should talk about. A connection sets
a link between a data source and ADO.NET. A Connection object sits between a data source and a
List of Tables
DataAdapter (via Command). You need to define a data provider and a data source when you create a
List of Listings
connection. With these two, you can also specify the user ID and password depending on the type of data
List of Sidebars
source.Figure 1-5 shows the relationship between a connection, a data source, and a DataAdapter.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure
Applied 1-5: The relationship
ADO.NETBuilding between
Data-Driven Connection,DataAdpater, and a data source
Solutions
Introduction
You can
Chapter 1 also connectBasics
- ADO.NET a Connection object to a Command object to execute SQL queries, which you can
use to retrieve,
Chapter 2 - Dataadd, update, and
Components delete
in Visual data .NET
Studio in a data source. Figure 1-6 shows the relationship between
theCommand and Connection objects.
Figure 1-6: The relationship between the Command object and the Connection object
TheConnection
Chapter object
10 - Working alsoODBC
with the plays.NET
a useful
Data role in creating a transaction. Transactions are stored in
Provider
Transaction
Chapter objects,
11 - Stored and Transaction
Procedures and Views classes have all those nice features for dealing with
transactions
Chapter such as
12 - Oracle, commitand
SQLXML, andOther
rollback.
.NETFigure 1-7 shows the relationship between the Connection
Data Providers
object and
Chapter 13 - aDeveloping
transaction.
a Custom Data Provider
Figure 1-7: Creating a transaction from a Connection object
Each data provider has a Connection class. The OleDbConnection,SqlConnection, and
OdbcConnection and ADO.NET
classes represent the Connection object of the OleDb, Sql, and Odbc data
providers, respectively.
NoteA ADO.NET
Appendix - Relationalconnections are discussed
Databases: Some in more detail in "The Connection: Connecting to a Data
Basic Concepts
Appendix B Source" section
- Commonly UsedofSQL
Chapter 4.
Statements
The Command Object
Index
List of Figures
You
List of will usually use the Command object to execute SQL queries and stored procedures. You can execute
Tables
SQL
List of queries
Listings to return data in a DataSet or a DataReader object. To retrieve, add, update, and delete
data,
List you use SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE SQL queries. A DataAdapter generated using
of Sidebars
the VS .NET Integrated Development Environment (IDE) has these queries. Figure 1-8 shows the
relationship between a DataAdaper and a Command object.
ADO.NET.
Table Figure 1-8: The relationship between DataAdapter and Command

of Contents
Introduction
Similar to the Connection class, each data provider has its own Command class. Each data provider has
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
aConnection class.Basics
The OleDbCommand,SqlCommand, and OdbcCommand classes represent the
Chapter
Command2 -object
Data Components inSql,
of the OleDb, Visual Studio
and Odbc.NET
data providers, respectively.
You call
Chapter 4 the ExecuteReader
- ADO.NET method
in Connected of a Command object, which executes the query and returns data in
Environments
aDataReader
Chapter object
5 - Handling (see Figure
ADO.NET 1-9).
Events
Figure
Chapter 10 - 1-9: Creating
Working a DataReader
with the from
ODBC .NET Data a Command object
Provider
Note ADO.NET commands are discussed in more detail in "The Command: Executing SQL
Statements" section of Chapter 4.
The Command Builder
The SQL SELECT command is fairly easy to construct. Even if you don't know how to construct a SQL
Chapter
SELECT 17command,
- Building Real-World Web Applications
the Query Builder in VS helps you. But notice there are three other commands in
Chapter
Figure 18
1-8-toObject-Relational Mapping in .NET
construct: InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, and DeleteCommand. These commands
Chapter
can get19 - Mapped
quite Objects:
complicated in Performance
.NET becauseConsiderations
they requireand Data Binding
complex parameter objects and often involve
Chapter 20 of
large lists - COM Interoperability
columns. ADO.NETand ADO.NET
provides a nice utility known as the CommandBuilder that automatically
builds these commands for you. Figure 1-10 describes the relationship between CommandBuilder and
Chapter Server and ADO.NET:isNotes
22 - SQL CommandBuilder
DataAdapter. constructed with DataAdapter and immediately generates the
on Performance
remaining
Appendix - Relationalobjects.
A Command Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 1-10: The relationship between DataAdapter and CommandBuilder
List of Listings
Note TheCommandBuilder is discussed in more detail in "Command-Builder: Easing the Work of
List of Sidebars
Programmers" section of Chapter 4.
The DataAdapter Object

TheDataAdapter object serves as a conduit between the data source and the DataSet. The
DataAdapter knows about the DataSet, and the DataAdapter knows how to populate the DataSet.
TheDataAdapter also knows about the connection to the data source. Figure 1-11 is a model that
shows the simple relationship between the DataAdapter, a DataSet, and a data source.
Figure 1-11:Apress
The relationship between DataAdapter and DataSet
2003 (928 pages)
As you can see from Figureand
interfaces, 1-11, the aFill
takes method oflook
comprehensive a DataAdapter
at XML fills data from a DataAdapter to
theDataSet, andnamespaces
the UPDATE method
and makes
classes, DataSet
and how changes
to integrate both to the final data source.
with
ADO.NET.
There's a DataAdapter available for each data provider. OleDbDataAdapter,SqlDataAdapter,
OdbcDataAdapter represent the DataAdapter classes for OleDb, Sql, and Odbc data providers,
Table of Contents
respectively.
Note ADO.NET DataAdapters are discussed in more detail in "The DataAdapter: Adapting to Your
Introduction
Chapter 1 Environment" section of Chapter 4.
- ADO.NET Basics
DataSet
Chapter 3Structure
- ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
ADataSet
Chapter object falls
5 - Handling into theEvents
ADO.NET disconnected components category. You can use it with or without data
providers.
Chapter 6 -The DataSet
Integrating consists
XML of a collection of tables, rows, columns, and relationships. Figure 1-12
with ADO.NET
illustrates
Chapter 7 the relationship
- Data between
Binding and a DataSet
Windows and its contents.
Forms Data-Bound Controls
Appendix A - 1-12:
Figure Relational
TheDatabases:
relationshipSome Basicclasses
between Concepts
in a DataSet
As you can
Appendix see from Frequently
C - ADO.NET Figure 1-12, a DataSet
Asked is a collection of DataTables and DataRelations. All
Questions
DataTable objects of a DataSet are accessed through the Tables property, which represents a
Index
collection
List of DataTable objects. The Relations property of a DataSet represents the collection of
of Figures
DataRelation
List of Tables objects associated with a DataSet.
List of Listings
ADataTable is a collection of DataRow,DataColumn, and Constraint objects. The Rows,
List of Sidebars
Columns, and Constraints properties of a DataTable represent a collection of DataRow,
DataColumn, and Constraint objects. DataRow,DataColumn, and Constraint are the smallest
units of a DataSet, and they represent a table row, column, and constraint, respectively.
Note The DataSet object is discussed in more detail in the "The DataSet: The Heart of ADO.NET"
section of Chapter 3 and the "The DataSet in Connected Environments" section of Chapter 4.
DataSets in DataViews
Another thing you can do with the contents of DataSets is sort and filter them using DataViews. You can
have multiple views of a single DataSet. A DataView is a view of your data created according to certain
criteria. Each DataView has a one-to-one mapping to a DataTable in a DataSet. For example, say
you have three tables in a DataSet: table1, table2, and table3. Using three different data tables and data
Applied this
views, you can represent ADO.NET:
DataSet Building Data-Driven
in three Solutions
different views. Using sort and filters, you can even sort
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
and filter the data based on some criteria. Figure 1-13 shows three ISBN:1590590732
different views of a DataSet in the
Apressdata
form of three different 2003 (928 pages)
views.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 1-13: The relationship between DataSet and DataView objects
ADataView
Chapter can directly
6 - Integrating XMLattach
with to data-bound controls such as a DataGrid,DataList, or a combo
ADO.NET
box. We
Chapter 7 cover this
- Data data binding
Binding in Chapter
and Windows Forms2Data-Bound
and Chapter 7 in more detail.
Controls
OK, enough theory. Let's see how to write your first database application and get some hands-on
experience with ADO.NET.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Writing ADO.NET Applications
It's now time to write your
Apress first (928
2003 ADO.NET
pages) application. In the following sections, we discuss the necessary
steps required to This
writetext
a database application
provides extensive using ADO.NET.
Choosing a .NET Data Provider
ADO.NET.
The first step of writing your first ADO.NET application is to decide what .NET data provider you'll use in
your application. As discussed previously, there are many data providers that work with multiple data
Table of Contents
sources. Some of the available data providers are OleDb, Sql, Odbc, and Oracle. You use the OleDb data
provider to access OLE-DB Data-Driven Solutions
data sources. The Sql data provider works with SQL Server 7.0 or later
databases. The Odbc data provider works with ODBC data sources, and the Oracle data provider works
Introduction
with Oracle
Chapter databases.
1 - ADO.NET You can also use more than one data provider to access the same database. For
Basics
example, you can use the
Chapter 2 - Data Components OleDb and Odbc
in Visual Studiodata
.NETproviders to work with Microsoft Access databases.
Note Some documentation and authors represent the Sql data provider as the SqlClient data provider.
This may be because the Sql data provider is defined in the SqlClient namespace.
Chapter
For this6example,
- Integrating
you'llXML
learnwith
howADO.NET
to build an application that uses OleDb data providers to access an
Chapter
Access 2000 database. In the "Using aForms
7 - Data Binding and Windows Data-Bound
DataSet to Read Controls
Data" section, you'll learn how to create an
Chapter 8 - that
application Constraints
uses Sqland Data
data Relations
providers to access a SQL Server 2000 database.
Adding Namespace References
Chapter 12 - Oracle,
After you've chosenSQLXML, and
your data Other .NET
provider, you Data
needProviders
to add references to the assembly and include the
namespaces in your project. The System.Data.dll
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider assembly defines ADO.NET namespaces. You can
add references
Chapter to the project
14 - Developing using
Database Webthe Project using
Applications Add Reference
ASP.NET option. The .NET tab of the Add
Reference
Chapter 15 - dialog box lists all
Using ADO.NET the available
in Xml .NET assemblies (see Figure 1-14). Select the
Web Services
System.Data.dll
Chapter assembly.
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 1-14: Adding a reference to the System.Data.dll assembly
After selecting the System.Data.dll assembly, click the Select button and then the OK button. This
action adds the System.Data assembly and related namespace references to your project.
After adding a reference to the assembly, you need to include namespaces in your project by using the
Imports directive. The Imports directive imports a namespace definition in a project. The following
code shows how to import the System,System.Data,System.Data.Common, and
System.Data.OleDb namespaces:
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.OleDb
Imports System.Data.Common
ADO.NET.
Note If you are using the Sql data provider, you need to include the System.Data.Sql namespace.
Table of Contents
If you are using the Odbc data provider, you need to include the System.Data.Odbc
namespace.
Introduction
Establishing
Chapter a Connection
2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Now, the next step is to create a Connection object. You create a Connection object using the data
Chapter 4 Connection
provider's - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
class. In the following code, the OleDbConnection class creates a connection
with an Access 2000 database. The OleDbConnection constructor takes one parameter of a string type.
Chapter 6 -isIntegrating
This string XML with ADO.NET and it has two parts. First, it has a provider, and second, it has
called connectionString,
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and As
the path of the data source. Windows Forms
you can see, Data-Bound Controls
the following code uses the Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0
Chapter 8 and
provider - Constraints and Data Relations
the northwind.mdb data source:
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC
Dim connectionString .NET Data Provider
As String
Chapter
'Create11 -connection
Stored Procedures
andand Views
command objects
connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.JET.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
Chapter
"data13source=C:\\Northwind.mdb"
- Developing a Custom Data Provider
Dim conn Database Web Applications
As OleDbConnection using ASP.NET
= New OleDbConnection(connectionString)
'Open15connection
Chapter - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
conn.Open()
Note In this sample, the northwind.mdb database path is "C:\\northwind.mdb". You can use
any database you want. You just need to change the path and name of the database and
change the table names you are using in the SQL statements to access the data.
Creating a Command or DataAdapter Object
Index
Next, you need to create a DataAdapter or Command object. You create a Command object by using the
List of Figures
OleDbCommand class. (You'll see a DataAdapter object in the SQL Server example at the end of this
List of Tables
chapter; see the "Using a DataSet to Read Data" section.)
List of Listings
The
List ofOleDbCommand
Sidebars constructor takes two parameters. The first is a SQL query, and the second is the
Connection object. You can create a SELECT SQL query from the Customers table in the Northwind
database. The following code shows how to create a Command object:
Dim sql As String

sql = "SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, ContactTitle FROM Customers"
Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(sql, conn)
Filling Data to a DataSet or DataReader Object

The next step is to open the connection by calling the Open method of the Connection object and
reading data from the Command object. The ExecuteReader method, OleDbCommand, returns data in
Applied
an OleDbDataReader ADO.NET:
object. Building Data-Driven
A DataReader Solutions
object is used to read fast and forward only cached data.
by Mahesh Chand
The following code shows this: and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Dim reader Asincluding
OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Displaying Data
The of
Table next step is to perform some operation on the data. In this example, you'll write data out to the
Contents
console.
Applied The Read method
ADO.NETBuilding of OleDbDataReader
Data-Driven Solutions reads data. The DataReader class has a number of
methods that return different types of data (for example, GetString and GetInteger). These methods
Introduction
take the1 index
Chapter of the field
- ADO.NET Basicsfrom which you want to read data. The following code reads data from two fields
of the Customers
Chapter 2
table, whose indexes are 0 and 1:
- Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
While4 reader.Read()
Chapter - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Console.Write(reader.GetString(0).ToString()
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events + " ,")
Console.Write(reader.GetString(1).ToString()
+ " ,")
Console.WriteLine("")
End While
Closing the Connection
Finally, the last step is to close the reader and connection objects by calling their Close methods:
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
Chapter 19 You
Note - Mapped
must Objects: Performance
always close an openConsiderations
DataReader. and
WeData Binding
discuss DataReaders in more detail in the
Chapter 20 "The
- COMDataReader:
Interoperability
An and
EasyADO.NET
Walk Through the Data" section of Chapter 4.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating a Applied
Simple ADO.NET
ADO.NET: Application
Now, let's use allApress
of the
previous
2003 (928steps
pages) and write a console-based application to read data and display it on
the console. In this application, you'll read data
This text provides extensive from the
coverage Northwind
of ADO.NET database's Customers table and display
technology
it on the console.including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
namespaces
In this example, you'll use VSand classes,
.NET and ahow
to create to integrate
console both with
application by selecting Visual Basic Projects and
ADO.NET.
then choosing the Console Application template from the Templates listing. Name your project
FirstAdoNetApp1.
Table of Contents
After creating the project, add the Listing 1-1 source code to the project. As you can see from this listing,
first you Data-Driven
import the required Solutions
namespace. Second, you create a connection and create an
Introduction
OleDbConnection object by passing the connection string as only one argument. Next, you construct a
Chapter
SELECT 1 statement
- ADO.NETand
Basics
create an OleDbCommand object by passing the SQL statement and connection
Chapter
object. 2Then
- Data
youComponents in Visual Studio
open the connection .NETthe OleDbConnection.Open method. Once a
by calling
connection
Chapter 3 - is opened,inyou
ADO.NET can execute
Disconnected SQL statement by simply calling the ExecuteXXX methods of the
Environments
DataReader.
Chapter As youincan
4 - ADO.NET see, theEnvironments
Connected code calls the ExecuteReader method, which returns data in an
OleDataReader
Chapter object.
5 - Handling ThenEvents
ADO.NET you read data from the DataReader and display it on the console. The last
step is 6to close
Chapter the DataReader
- Integrating and the connection. You do this by calling the Close methods of
XML with ADO.NET
OleDbDataReader
Chapter andand
7 - Data Binding OleDbConnection objects. Controls
Windows Forms Data-Bound
Listing 1-1: Your ADO.NET Application
Imports
Chapter 11 -System
Stored Procedures and Views
Imports
Chapter 12 -System.Data
Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim connectionString As String
ChapterDim18 -sql
Object-Relational
As StringMapping in .NET
Chapter'Create
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance
connection Considerations
and command objectsand Data Binding
ConnectionString and ADO.NET
= "Integrated Security=SSPI; Initial Catalog=Northwind; " & _
Chapter
"Data21Source=localhost;"
- Messaging
ChapterDim22 -conn
SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on
As OleDbConnection = Performance
New OleDbConnection(connectionString)
AppendixsqlA -=Relational
"SELECT Databases: Some Basic
CustomerID, Concepts
ContactName, ContactTitle FROM Customers"
Dim cmd As OleDbCommand
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements = New OleDbCommand(sql, conn)
'Open connection
Index conn.Open()
'Call ExecuteReader
List of Figures
Dim reader As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
List of Tables
Console.WriteLine("Contact Name, Contact Title")
List of Listings
Console.WriteLine("=======================")
List of Sidebars
'Read data until reader has data
While reader.Read()
Console.Write(reader.GetString(0).ToString() + " ,")
Console.Write(reader.GetString(1).ToString() + " ,")
Console.WriteLine("")
End While
' Close reader and connection
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Sub
End Module
Now compile andbyrun
Mahesh ChandYou
the project. and should
David Talbot
see data on the console (see Figure 1-15).
ISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 1-15: Displaying data on the console using DataReader
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using a DataSet to ReadBuilding
Applied ADO.NET: Data Data-Driven Solutions
You just saw an example of working
Apress 2003 with an Access 2000 database. For variety, you'll now see an example
(928 pages)
of using a SQL Server database. Instead of writing
This text provides extensive coveragea console-based application, this time you'll create a
of ADO.NET technology
Windows Forms application and use the VS .NET IDE.
In this application,namespaces andSQL
you'll use the classes, andNorthwind
Server how to integrate bothYou'll
database. with read data from the Customers
ADO.NET.
table using the same CustomerId,ContactName, and ContactTitle columns you selected in Listing
1-1 and display data in a DataGrid control.
Table of Contents
Begin your first ADO.NET application by launching VS .NET and by creating a new project using File
Applied
New ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
Project. Choose Visual Solutionsand select the Windows Application template from the
Basic Projects
Introduction
available templates, name your project DataGridSamp, and click OK.
Clicking2 the
Chapter OK button
- Data creates
Components inaVisual
Windows
Studioapplication
.NET project. Now you read data from the SQL Server
Northwind database and display data in a DataGrid
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments control. This example shows the Customers table
data in a DataGrid control.
Drag a DataGrid control from the Toolbox onto the form using Toolbox Window Forms and then resize
Chapter
it. Also 6drag
- Integrating
a Button XML withonto
control ADO.NET
the form and assign it a Text property of Fill. Now double-click the
Chapter
button to write a click event handler forForms
the button. Controls
Fill data from a database to the DataGrid on the Fill
Chapter 8 - Constraints
button click and Data Relations
event handler.
To access
Chapter 10 -SQL Server,
Working withyou
the use
ODBCthe.NET
Sql Data
.NETProvider
data provider, which is defined in the
11 - Stored Procedures namespace.
System.Data.SqlClient
Chapter and Views Before adding this namespace class, you need to import the
namespace
Chapter using the
12 - Oracle, Imports
SQLXML, statement.
and Other Add the
.NET Data following two lines in the beginning of your application:
Providers
Imports
Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Imports
Chapter 15 -System.Data.SqlClient
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
You implement your ADO.NET routine inside this method. To retrieve data from the database, you first
need to connect to the database using a Connection object. The DataAdapter is the bridge between
Chapter
the data19source
- Mapped
(sql)Objects:
and thePerformance Considerations
DataSet (memory). and Data Bindingis constructed with two elements in
The DataAdapter
this example: a SQL SELECT command to tell the DataAdapter which data to extract into the DataSet
Chapter
and the21 - Messaging object to tell the DataAdapter how to connect to the data source. In this example,
Connection
Chapter
select the -CustomerId,
22 SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes
ContactName, andonContactTitle
Performance column data from the Customers table.
After creating a DataAdapter, the next step is to create and fill data from a DataAdapter to a DataSet,
which you
Appendix B -do by making
Commonly a call
Used SQLtoStatements
the Fill method of DataAdapter. The Fill method takes two
parameters:
Appendix a DataSet
C - ADO.NET and a database
Frequently table name.
Asked Questions
Index
Finally, you'll want to display the data from the Customers table in the DataGrid control. You do this by
List of Figures
simply binding the DataSet to the DataGrid through its DefaultViewManager (Chapters 2 and 4
List of Tables
discussDataViewManager in more detail) by using the DataGrid'sDataSource property. You just set
List of Listings
theDataSource property of the DataSet'sDefaultViewManager.
List of Sidebars
Listing 1-2 shows the button click event handler. As you can see, this code creates a connection using the
localhost server and the Northwind database, and you create a DataAdapter using the Customers table.
After that, create a DataSet object and call the DataAdapter'sFill method. After that, bind
DataSet.DefaultViewManager to the DataGrid using the DataSource property of the DataGrid.
Listing 1-2: Viewing Data from a SQL Server Database to a DataGrid Control
Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
' Create a Connection Object
Dim ConnectionString As String
Dim sql As String
ConnectionString by Mahesh Chand and David
= "Integrated Talbot
Security=SSPI; ISBN:1590590732
Initial Catalog=Northwind; " & _
Apress
"Data Source=localhost;" 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides
Dim myConnection extensive coverage=of New
As SqlConnection ADO.NET technology
SqlConnection()
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces,
myConnection.ConnectionString = ConnectionString classes, and
sql = "SELECT CustomerID,
namespaces ContactName,
and classes, and ContactTitle
how to integrate both with FROM Customers"
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, myConnection)
ADO.NET.
' Construct the DataSet and fill it
Dim dtSet As DataSet = New DataSet("Customers")
Table ofadapter.Fill(dtSet,
Contents "Customers")
Applied'ADO.NETBuilding
Bind the Listbox Data-Driven
to the Solutions
DataSet
Introduction
DataGrid1.DataSource = dtSet.DefaultViewManager
Chapter
End Sub2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Now compile
Chapter and run the
6 - Integrating project.
XML Press the Fill button. The output of the program should look like Figure 1-
with ADO.NET
16.
Figure
Chapter 22 - 1-16: Output
SQL Server of ADO.NET:
and the ADO.NET
Notesapplication in a DataGrid control
on Performance
Caution Make sure your SQL Server is running and the name of the SQL Server is correct. If you're not
using a local server, you need to pass the correct server name, with valid a user ID and
Index password. We discuss using user IDs and passwords in a connection in Chapter 4. If SQL
List of Figures Server isn't running, you will get an exception.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Summary Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
This chapter introduced
Apress the basics
2003 of ADO.NET and its components. You learned why ADO.NET is a
(928 pages)
much better dataThis
access technology than previous
text provides extensive technologies.
coverage of ADO.NET ADO.NET
technology provides data providers such
as OleDb, Sql, andincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, ODBC
Odbc to work with OLE-DB, SQL Server, and and data sources, respectively. After
that, you learned interfaces, and ADO.NET
about various takes a comprehensive
objects suchlook at XML
as Connection, Command,DataAdapter,
namespaces
DataReader,DataSet, andand classes, and
DataView howas
as well to the
integrate both with
relationships between them. For example,
ADO.NET.
DataSet is a collection of DataTable objects. A DataTable can attach to a DataView, which can later
be bound with data-bound controls. Further, using a DataView's filter and sort properties, you can provide
different
Table views of a DataSet and a DataView.
of Contents
At the end of this chapter, you learned how to write a simple application to read data from Microsoft
Introduction
Access and SQL Server databases using ADO.NET.
Chapter
Chapter2 2 -isData Components
heavily based oninthe
Visual StudioIDE.
VS .NET .NETIt covers how to take advantage of VS .NET IDE wizards
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
and utilities to developindatabase
applications without writing much code. You'll probably find this chapter
exciting4because
Chapter you'll
- ADO.NET in learn to build
Connected fully functioning database applications by simply writing a couple of
Environments
lines of5code.
Chapter - Handling ADO.NET Events
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
2: Data Components inISBN:1590590732 Visual Studio .NET
Apress you
In the previous chapter, 2003 (928the
saw pages)
basics of the ADO.NET model and its components and how they are
This text provides
connected to each other in the ADO.NET extensive coverage ofThe
architecture. ADO.NET
Visualtechnology
Studio .NET (VS .NET) Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) provides design-time support to work with data components. In this
chapter, you'll learn how to use
namespaces andthese dataand
classes, components in the both
how to integrate VS .NET
with IDE at design-time to create
database applications. Using ADO.NET components (also referred to as data components) is similar to
ADO.NET.
using any Windows control. You just drag the component from the Toolbox to a form, set its properties and
methods, and you're up and running.
Table of Contents
We start
Applied this chapter withData-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding the Server Explorer,
Solutions a useful tool for creating database applications. We focus
on developing database applications quickly using data components in VS .NET without writing a lot of
Introduction
code. We
Chapter 1 -also provide
ADO.NET a step-by-step tutorial to help you develop and run a project. After that, we discuss
Basics
theConnection,
Chapter DataAdapter,
2 - Data Components Command,
in Visual StudioDataSet,
.NET and DataView components in more detail. After
finishing
Chapter 3 this chapter,in
- ADO.NET you'll have a good
Disconnected understanding of data components and how to work with them in
Environments
VS .NET.
Creating
Chapter 6 an ADO.NET
- Integrating Project
XML with ADO.NET
Begin your project by launching the VS .NET IDE and choosing New Project from the Project menu.
Choose Visual Basic Projects from Project Types and then pick the Windows Application template. If you
like, type an appropriate name into the Name field for your first ADO.NET application and click OK. Our
project name is MyFirstADONetApp.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the Server Explorer
The Server Explorer is new
Apress to (928
2003 VS pages)
.NET; it enables you to manage your database servers and connections.
You can use the Server Explorer to add a new
This text provides extensive server of
coverage or ADO.NET
a data connection
technologyto your list. The Server Explorer
allows you to view, add, edit, and delete data in a tabular grid. The
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and Server Explorer also allows you to
create and deleteinterfaces,
databaseand takessuch
objects a comprehensive look procedures,
as tables, stored at XML views, and triggers.
Note If you'veADO.NET.
ever used Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) data source names (DSNs) in your
applications, then you might be familiar with the traditional Windows ODBC Administration. With
ODBC Administration, you created DSNs using ODBC drivers for a data source and then
Table of Contents
connected your application using this DSN. Now, you'll hardly use ODBC Administration at all
because the Server Explorer provides connection management services.
Introduction
Chapter 1 see
OK, let's - ADO.NET Basics
how to use the Server Explorer. You can open the Server Explorer by clicking the View
Chapter
Server 2Explorer
- Data menu
Components
item. in Visual Studio .NET
Tip4The
Chapter use of the
- ADO.NET in Server Explorer
Connected isn't limited to SQL Server databases. You can add any type of
Environments
Chapter 5database, including
- Handling ADO.NET MySQL
Eventsand Access.
Chapter 6
When you-open
the Server Explorer, you'll see two root nodes: Data Connections and Servers. Initially, the
Chapter 7 - Data Binding
Data Connections and no
node has Windows
items Forms Data-Bound
listed under Controls
it, but the Servers node displays all the available
Chapter 8 By
servers. - Constraints andServers
expanding the Data Relations
node, you can see all the servers and services running on your
Chapter 9 The
machine. - ADO.NET Exception
SQL Servers Handling
node of the Server Explorer lists all the available SQL Servers running on that
machine.
If you don't
Chapter 12 - have any
Oracle, serversand
SQLXML, listed in your
Other .NETServers list, you can right-click the Servers node and select the
Data Providers
Add Server
Chapter menu option.
13 - Developing This option
a Custom Data allows you to add new servers to the list. You can also unregister a
Provider
server by right-clicking it and selecting the "Unregister Server" menu option.
Chapter
You can15also
- Using ADO.NET
manage in Xml
services Web Services
running on your server. If you expand the Services node, you'll see a list of
Chapter
services running on your system. Byand
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls Data Binding
right-clicking a service, you can even start and stop a service using
Chapter 17 -Explorer.
the Server Building Real-World Web Applications
To view19and
Chapter managed
- Mapped database
Objects: objects such
Performance as tables,and
Considerations views,
DataorBinding
stored procedures, you can simply
expand20
Chapter thedatabase server name
COM Interoperability andlisted under the Data Connections node. After that you can expand
ADO.NET
Tables,21
Chapter Views, and Stored Procedures nodes. To view, delete, and update a database table, you right-
- Messaging
click the table and use the available options.
Adding a New Connection
Adding a new connection is the next step after adding a server (if you're using a server) to the Server
Index
Explorer. You add a new connection to your list by right-clicking the Data Connections node and choosing
List of Figures
the Add Connection option. This brings up a Data Link Properties Wizard. By default, the Connection tab is
List of Tables
active, but you may want to click the Provider tab. The first tab of this wizard, Provider, displays all the data
List of Listings
source providers installed on your machine; this is where you select your database provider. The list could
List of Sidebars
contain any OLE-DB provider, Jet OLE-DB, or other data driver available on your computer.
The second tab of this wizard, Connection, lets you pick your server and corresponding data source. The
drop-down list displays all the available servers. Our server is a SQL Server with the default name
localhost. After selecting a server, the Database drop-down list displays all the available databases on the
server. Select the Northwind database in this example. You can also pick what security mode you want to
use for your connection on this tab. You can use the user ID and password of a SQL Server or use the
Windows NT Integrated security option. By clicking the Test Connection button, you can make sure your
database connection is working. If you've provided an incorrect user ID or password, the test will throw an
error.
The third tab, Advanced, is for setting connection timeout and access permissions. You can give this
connection read, write, or other permissions using the Advanced tab. The last tab, All, shows you all
properties of the connection in a list, such as server name, connection timeout, data source, initial catalog
(database name),Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
security, and other network options. You can also edit this data from this tab by just
by Mahesh Chand and
double-clicking a particular property David
and Talbot
editing the value of it.ISBN:1590590732
After adding a data connection,
This you'll
text provides see that
extensive the wizard
coverage adds a node
including ADO.NET internals,
(Servername.DatabaseName.dbo) to thenamespaces, classes,root
Data Connections andnode. If you expand this node, you
interfaces,
can see the database and
objects takes
such asatables,
comprehensive look at
views, stored XML
procedures, and functions.
ADO.NET.
Managing and Viewing Data
Table of Contents
As mentioned earlier, the Server Explorer not only lets you add server and database connections, but it
also lets you manage andData-Driven
view data. Solutions
You can add, update, and delete data from a database. Of course,
Introduction
you must have read and write permissions on the server to read and write data. The Server Explorer also
Chapter 1 options
provides - ADO.NET Basics new databases and objects, including tables, views, stored procedures, and
for creating
Chapter 2 - can
so on. You Datado
Components in Visual
this from both Studio (Data
root nodes .NET Connections or Servers).
The Server
Chapter Explorer shows
4 - ADO.NET database
in Connected objects in a tree structure. Each database is a tree node of the
Environments
server. As -you
Chapter 5
expand the Northwind database node, for example, you can see its children listed as tables,
Handling ADO.NET Events
stored procedures, and views.
Chapter 7 - Data
If you expand thisBinding and Windows
connection Forms Data-Bound
by double-clicking it, you'll Controls
notice it shows tables, views, and stored
procedures. and Data
You can further Relations
expand these items to see them in more detail.
Note
Chapter 10 We discuss
- Working stored
with procedures
the ODBC and Provider
.NET Data views in more detail in Chapter 11.
Besides showing a list of database objects such as tables, views, stored procedures, and functions, the
Server Explorer also lets you retrieve, add, edit, and delete data from a data source. You can always
double-click to view the data of a table. Alternatively, right-clicking a database object (such as a table)
Chapter 14you
provides - Developing Database
menu options basedWeb
on Applications using
the selection. ForASP.NET
example, you can right-click and then select the
Retrieve Data from Table menu option to retrieve data from that table.
Now, if 17
Chapter you- Building
retrieve data from the
Real-World WebEmployees table by double-clicking or using the Retrieve Data from
Applications
Table option,
Chapter data will be displayed
18 - Object-Relational Mappingininan editable grid. You can edit this data at any time-again, assuming
.NET
you have
Chapter 19 the correctObjects:
- Mapped permissions. For example,
Performance to delete
Considerations a row
and DataorBinding
a collection of rows, select the rows and
hit Delete
Chapter 20 or right-click
- COM the selected
Interoperability and rows and then hit the Delete option. The right-click option of the grid
ADO.NET
also provides you options to move to the grid's first, next, previous, and last records.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using Visual Data
Applied Components
At this time, ADO.NET
Apresshas three
2003 (928base
pages)data providers and multiple add-on data providers to work with
various kinds of data sources, including SQLcoverage
This text provides extensive Server, OLEDB datatechnology
of ADO.NET sources, and ODBC data sources. What
do we mean by base including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and only three data providers; now, based
data providers? Well, initially Microsoft released
interfaces, and
on additional requirements, takes aand
Microsoft comprehensive
third parties look at XML new data providers to the library. For
are adding
example, Microsoft,namespaces andCore
Oracle, and classes,
Laband how to Development
Software integrate both provide
with three different data providers for
ADO.NET.
the Oracle database. (We discuss these new data providers in later chapters.) The main class hierarchy
model of these data providers remains the same, so programmers will have no problem switching between
dataof
Table providers.
ContentsSome of these data providers are OleDb, Sql, Odbc, and Oracle. In this chapter, we
concentrate on the OleDbData-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding and Sql data providers. Later chapters discuss the ODBC, Oracle, and other data
Solutions
providers.
Introduction
Tip You can even write your own custom data provider. ADO.NET provides a set of interfaces, which
you must implement to write your own data provider. Chapter 13 of this book covers writing custom
Chapter 3data
providers.
You can
Chapter 5 use the dataADO.NET
- Handling providerEvents
components at design-time in VS .NET. The data provider components are
available
Chapter 6 at design-timeXML
- Integrating via with
the Toolbox.
ADO.NETThe Toolbox's Data tab shows you the available data controls in
VS .NET.
Chapter 7 Some
- Data of the components
Binding you
and Windows mayData-Bound
Forms see are DataSet,
ControlsDataView, SqlConnection,
SqlCommand,
Chapter SqlDataAdapter,
8 - Constraints OleDbConnection,OleDbCommand,OleDbDataAdapter,
and Data Relations
OdbcCommand,
Chapter 9
OdbcCommandBuilder,OdbcConnection, and OdbcDataAdapter. These
components are available only when you're in a design view.
Chapter
Tip11 - Stored
You Procedures
can open Toolboxand
by Views
using the View Toolbox menu item.
As mentioned
Chapter briefly inaChapter
13 - Developing Custom 1, theProvider
Data .NET Framework Library contains many ADO.NET data providers,
including
Chapter 14 OleDb, Sql, and
- Developing Odbc.Web
Database The Applications
OleDb datausing
provider wraps up the native OLE-DB COM Application
ASP.NET
Programming
Chapter Interface
15 - Using (API)
ADO.NET for working
in Xml with OLE-DB data sources. To access an OLE-DB data source,
Web Services
you need
Chapter 16 to install anServer
- ASP.NET OLE-DB data and
Controls provider
Data for that database. Sql data providers work with SQL Server 7
Binding
or later17
Chapter databases.
- BuildingOdbc data providers
Real-World wrap up the ODBC API to work with ODBC data sources (with the
Web Applications
help of the ODBC Administration and ODBC drivers). Chapter 4 discusses these data providers in more
detail. Microsoft and other vendors might introduce more data providers, which you can add to the library
later.
In the .NET Framework, each of these data providers has its own namespaces. For instance, the
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and
System.Data.OleDb ADO.NET:consists
namespace Notes onofPerformance
classes belonging to the OleDb data providers. All of these
namespace
Appendix classes start
A - Relational with OleDb.
Databases: Some The
BasicMicrosoft.Data.ODBC
Concepts and System.Data.SqlClient
namespaces
Appendix consist ofUsed
B - Commonly classes
SQL belonging
Statementsto the Odbc and Sql data providers, respectively. Similar to
OleDb, classes
Appendix in Odbc
C - ADO.NET start with
Frequently Odbc,
Asked and classes in SqlClient start with Sql.
Questions
Index
In VS .NET, some of these classes (or objects) are available from the Toolbox; you can drag them onto a
List of Figures
form like any other Windows control in the Toolbox. These controls are called data components.
List of Tables
List
VSof.NET
Listings
also provides a set of data-bound controls. The DataGrid,ListBox, and DataList are good
List of Sidebars
examples of some of these data-bound controls. It's fairly easy to work with these controls. You just set a
few properties, and they're ready to display your data. For example, setting a DataGrid control's
DataSource property displays data from a DataSet object. We use these data-bound controls in the
examples throughout this book. In the next section, we discuss how you can add these components to your
Windows Forms applications and set their properties and methods at design-time with the help of the .NET
wizards.
Understanding Data Connections

To connect to a data source, the first thing you need to learn about is a data connection.
Each data provider has a Connection class, and if you're using the VS .NET IDE, you can see these class
objects as components in the Data tab of the Toolbox. For example, the SqlConnection,
OdbcConnection, Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
and OleDbConnection class objectsSolutions
represent a connection for the Sql, Odbc, and
by Mahesh Chand and
OleDb data providers, respectively: David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
SqlConnection creates
This text andextensive
provides managescoverage
SQL Server database
of ADO.NET connections.
technology
creates
interfaces,
OdbcConnection and manages
and takes connections
a comprehensive look attoXML
ODBC data sources.
ADO.NET.creates and manages connections to OLE-DB data sources.
OleDbConnection
In the VS .NET IDE, you can create a Connection in many ways. You can use the IDE to add a
Table of Contents
Connection object to a project, create it programmatically, or use DataAdapters that automatically
Applied
create ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
a Connection object for you.Solutions
In this chapter, we concentrate on adding a connection through the
Introduction
VS .NET IDE.
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual StudioIDE
.NETvs. Manual Coding
In some
Chapter 4
cases, you may not know if you should use the IDE or write code manually. Actually, creating a
connection and other objects such as a Command manually is usually much better. Those types of
objects only require a few lines of code, and creating them manually allows you to know where the
code is and what it means. If you use the VS .NET IDE, it adds a connection and other data
components but sometimes also writes lots of code that is difficult to understand. For example, adding
aDataAdapter and aData
adds Relations
great deal of code that you may not need. If you want to modify it, you'll almost
certainly get lost if you don't have a lot of experience.
Now,
Chapter 11 your nextProcedures
- Stored question probably is, "Why do I need to use the IDE at all?" Well, the IDE may help you
and Views
if you
Chapter 12 don't know
- Oracle, how to and
SQLXML, create connection
Other .NET Datastrings and other objects because it writes code for you.
Providers
Basically,
Chapter the IDE isa useful
13 - Developing Customfor part-time
Data ADO.NET developers-those who write non-database-related
Provider
code
Chapter 14 but occasionally
- Developing use ADO.NET.
Database It's alsousing
Web Applications useful for beginners, who want to have their application
ASP.NET
ready
Chapter 15 -and running
Using in nointime.
ADO.NET But after
Xml Web completing this book, I bet you'll hate using IDE.
Services
The easiest Mapping to
way to add a connection in .NET
a project in VS .NET is to drag a connection component
Chapter 19 - Mapped OleDbConnection,
(SqlConnection, Objects: Performance Considerations and Data from
or OdbcConnection) Binding
the Toolbox's Data tab to a form.
Chapter 20 -you
After that, COM Interoperability
can and ADO.NET
set the connection's properties using the Properties window. For this demonstration, drop
aSqlConnection
Chapter from the Toolbox onto the form. You can set the SqlConnection properties from the
21 - Messaging
Properties
Chapter 22 -window by right-clicking
SQL Server and ADO.NET: theNotes
SqlConnection and selecting the Properties menu item.
on Performance
Note that the default connection name is the class name with a unique name appended to it. Because this
is the first connection, the name is sqlConnection1.
Index
As you can see in the Properties window, a connection's properties include Database,
List of Figures
ConnectionTimeout, DataSource,PacketSize,WorkstationId,Name, and
List of Tables
ConnectionString.
List of Listings
List ofNote The connection properties depend on the data provider. Some properties may not be available for
Sidebars
some data providers. For example, the WorkstationId property is available in Sql data
providers but not in OleDb or ODBC data providers.
Understanding Connection Strings

TheConnectionString property is the main property of a connection. By clicking the drop-down list of
theConnectionString property, you can see all the available data connections. If you don't have a data
connection, you can use its New Connection option, which launches the Data Link Properties Wizard.
(Refer to the earlier "Using the Server Explorer" section for more information.)
For this example, we use the database server name MCB instead of localhost. The SQLConnection string
for server MCB looks like following:
data source=MCB;initial catalog=Northwind;integrated security=SSPI;" & _
"persist security info=False;workstation id=MCB;packet size=4096
Note In Chapter 4, we discuss
namespaces a connection
and classes, and howand
to its properties
integrate bothinwith
more detail and show how to set them
programmatically.
ADO.NET. You can also use a user ID and password in a connection string.
Working with SQL DataAdapters

Table of Contents
ADataAdapter is another important component of a data provider. Similar to a connection, each data
Introduction
provider has a corresponding DataAdapter class. All DataAdapters in ADO.NET work in same way,
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
which means Basics
if you know how to work with Sql DataAdapters, you can use OleDb, ODBC, and other
DataAdapters in Visual Studio .NETOleDbDataAdapter, and OdbcDataAdaper classes
easily. The SqlDataAdapter,
Chapter 3 DataAdapter
represent - ADO.NET in Disconnected
components Environments
in Sql, OleDb, and Odbc data providers, respectively.
Besides5 creating
Chapter a DataAdapter
- Handling programmatically (see Chapter 4 for more details), VS .NET provides
ADO.NET Events
various6ways
Chapter to create DataAdapters.
- Integrating XML with ADO.NETTwo common ways are by using the Server Explorer and by using
the Data
Chapter 7 Adapter Configuration
- Data Binding Wizard.
and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Creating- ADO.NET
DataAdapters with the Server Explorer
Chapter 9 Exception Handling
Chapter
It's easy10to-create
Working with the ODBC .NET
a DataAdapter Data
using theProvider
Server Explorer. You just drag and drop database objects to a
form and the IDE takes care of everything for you. The IDE writes code that you can use programmatically
Chapter
or bind12 - Oracle,
data SQLXML,
controls and Other
at design-time. To.NET
addData Providers
a new connection to a project, expand your database in the
Chapter
Server 13 - Developing
Explorer, a Custom
and drag a tableData
fromProvider
the Server Explorer to your form. For this example, expand the
Northwind
Chapter 14 -database in Database
Developing the ServerWeb
Explorer and drop
Applications theASP.NET
using Employees table to the form.
This action adds a SqlConnection and SqlDataAdapter object to the project. You can even drag
selected columns or stored procedures onto the form. The VS .NET IDE takes care of the rest. Right-click
the form and choose View Code to examine the code generated by the wizard; in this example, you'll see
oneSqlConnection component and one SqlDataAdapter component along with a set of
SqlCommand components:
Friend WithEvents SqlSelectCommand1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend WithEvents SqlInsertCommand1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend WithEvents SqlUpdateCommand1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend WithEvents SqlDeleteCommand1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Appendix C - ADO.NET
Friend Frequently
WithEvents Asked Questions As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
SqlConnection1
Index
Friend WithEvents SqlDataAdapter1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
List of Figures
List of Tables
You'll
List also see that the IDE writes SQL statements and sets the CommandText property of SqlCommand
of Listings
objects.
List Once you have a DataAdapter, you can use it to populate DataSets and work with its
of Sidebars
properties. (We discuss DataSet basics and how to construct them manually in Chapter 4.) With the VS
.NET IDE, you can even generate DataSets using the visual representation of the DataAdapter. (We
discuss how to populate a DataSet using VS .NET IDE wizards in the "Generating Typed DataSets Using
a DataAdapter" section of this chapter.)
Creating DataAdapters with the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard

The Data Adapter Configuration Wizard is a powerful tool to develop database applications. To see how
you can create DataAdapters using this wizard, you'll create a new Windows Forms-based project in the
following step-by-step sections.
In this first project, you'll learn how to create SQL DataAdapters, read data from a SQL Server data
source, and display the data from a DataAdapter to a DataGrid control. After completing these steps,
you'll see how easy it is to develop database applications using the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard.
Apress
Step 1: Selecting a Project
2003Template
(928 pages)
To create a new Windows application
including ADO.NET using VS
internals, .NET, select
namespaces, File and
classes, New Project Visual Basic Projects
Windows Application.
interfaces, andselect
Next, takes an
a comprehensive look at XML
appropriate directory and type your project name.
Step 2: Adding aADO.NET.
DataGrid Control to the Form
Now add a DataGrid control to the form. You do this by just dragging a DataGrid control from the
Table of Contents
Toolbox's Windows Forms category to the form and resizing it.
Step 3: Adding a DataAdapter Component
Introduction
Next, drag a SqlDataAdapter control from the Toolbox's Data category to the form. As you drop the
SqlDataAdapter the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard pops up. The following sections walk you
through this wizard.
Chapter
Welcome5 -Page
The first
Chapter 7 page of Binding
- Data this wizard
and is just a welcome
Windows screen. Click
Forms Data-Bound the Next button to move to the next screen.
Controls
Choose Your Data Connection Page
The second page of with the ODBC
the wizard lets.NET
you Data Provider
create a new connection or pick from a list of available connections
on your11
Chapter machine.
- StoredAll availableand
Procedures connections
Views are listed in the drop-down list. If you don't have any
connections
Chapter listed inSQLXML,
12 - Oracle, the list, and
you Other
can click
.NETthe New
Data Connection button, which launches the Data Link
Providers
Properties
Chapter 13 -Wizard (discussed
Developing previously
a Custom in the "Adding a New Connection" section).
Data Provider
Choose a Query Type
Chapter 16page
The next - ASP.NET
of theServer
wizardControls and Data
is for selecting a Binding
SQL query type. If you see this page, three options are
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World Web
available for the SQL Server connection:Applications
The
Chapter 19Use SQL Statement
- Mapped option allows
Objects: Performance you to createand
Considerations a new
DataSQL query.
Binding
The Create New Stored Procedure option allows you to create a new stored procedure.
Chapter
The22Use
- SQL ServerStored
Existing and ADO.NET: Notes
Procedure on Performance
option allows you to select a stored procedure from the existing
stored
Appendix A - procedures.
Note The last two options aren't available for databases that don't support stored procedures.
Index
Generate the SQL Statement
List of Figures
The
List of next page of the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard lets you build a SQL statement or a stored
Tables
procedure.
List of ListingsYou can type a SQL statement directly into the text box, or you can click the Query Builder
button
List to use the Query Builder to build your SQL statement.
of Sidebars
Query Builder
The Query Builder option lets you pick tables from your data source. First, select the Employees table to
read in the Employee data. You actually have the option of selecting as many as tables you want, but for
now select only one table and click the Add button. After clicking the Add button, the Query Builder provides
you with an option to select columns of the table. You can check *(All Columns) to select all the columns of
a table, or you can check only the columns you want to participate in the SQL statement.
If you've ever used the New Query Wizard in Microsoft Access, you'll find that the Query Builder is similar to
it. In Access, you can create queries by dragging tables and their columns to the grid (or checking the
columns), and the Query Builder builds a SQL query for your action.
In this sample, select EmployeeID,FirstName, and LastName from the Employees table to build your
SQL statements. Applied
The SQLADO.NET:
statementBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
after selecting these three columns looks like this:
SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees
You can even type this SQL statement
namespaces directly
and classes, intotothe
and how text box.both with
integrate
ADO.NET.
Note You can even write your own SQL statement if you don't want to use the Query Builder. For
performance reasons, if you only want few columns, then use column names instead of using
Table of Contents
SELECT * statements.
One more button is available on this page: Advanced Options. By clicking the Advanced Options button, you
Introduction
launch 1the- Advanced
Chapter SQL Generation Options page. On this page, there are three options: Generate Insert,
ADO.NET Basics
Update,
Chapter 2 and Delete
- Data Statements;
Components Use Optimistic
in Visual Concurrency; and Refresh the DataSet. By default all three
Studio .NET
options are checked. If you don't want to generate INSERT,UPDATE, or DELETE SQL statements, you
should uncheck the first check box.
Chapter 5 - ADO.NET
By default, Handling ADO.NET Events concurrency. If you don't want your program to implement optimistic
uses optimistic
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with
concurrency, you should uncheck ADO.NET
the second check box.
View Wizard
Chapter Results and Data Relations
8 - Constraints
The View Wizard Results page shows you the action being taken by the wizard. If everything went well, the
wizard generates a message saying, "The data adapter was configured successfully." For this example,
Chapter 11 - section
the Details Stored Procedures
shows thatand
the Views
wizard has generated SQL SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML,
statements and mappings. and Other .NET Data Providers
Now you
Chapter 14can click the Finish
- Developing button
Database WebtoApplications
complete the process.
using ASP.NET
Currently, if you examine the design surface at the bottom of the Form window, you'll see two components:
sqlConnection1 and sqlDataAdapter1. The wizard sets the properties of these components for you.
Now you can use the DataAdapter to populate your DataSets. Don't forget to resize the DataGrid you
added to the project.
Chapter
Step 4:20 - COM and
Setting Interoperability
Reviewingand ADO.NET Properties
DataAdapter
Now that you have a DataAdapter on your form, let's look at the SqlDataAdapter component
properties. You can see its properties by right-clicking the adapter and selecting the Properties menu item.
The wizard also shows the available command properties, including InsertCommand,DeleteCommand,
SelectCommand, and UpdateCommand.
Index
You can set DataAdapter properties by clicking these properties. . A DataAdapter has four
List of Figures properties-SelectCommand, DeleteCommand, InsertCommand, and UpdateCommand-
SqlCommand
thatofall
List execute SQL commands on the data source. For example, if you look at the SelectCommand
Tables
property,
List you'll see the SQL SELECT statement.
of Listings
List of Sidebars
Note Chapter 4 covers SelectCommand,InsertCommand,UpdateCommand, and DeleteCommand
in more detail.
From the Properties window, you can also set CommandText,CommandType,Connection, and other
properties. If you double-click CommandText, it pops up the Query Builder where you can rebuild your
query.
TheTableMapping class represents a mapping of DataColumns in the data source to DataColumns in

theDataSet. We discuss DataTables and table mappings in more detail in Chapters 3 and 4. If you click
theTableMappings property (which is a collection of TableMapping objects), it brings up the Table
Mappings dialog box.
Question and Answer
Q: Why Apress
do I need
2003table mappings? I've also heard of column mapping. What is
(928 pages)
it? This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Answers
ADO.NET.
A: Sometimes, you won't want to display your actual table names and their columns as
Table of Contents defined in a database. For instance, say you have a MyTable table with two fields, a0 and
a1. The Data-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding table storesSolutions
a customer's information, and the fields a0 and a1 store customer
Introduction
names and addresses. If you display your table in data components such as a DataGrid,
it will display
the table name as MyTable and the column names as a0 and a1, which
makes no sense to user.
Using Environments
table mappings, you can change the table name to Customers Table. Using
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected
column mapping,Environments
you can change the columns' names to Customer Name and Customer
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET
Address. Events
After this mapping, DataGrid will display the table name as Customers Table
and theXML with ADO.NET
columns as Customer Name and Customer Address, which make more sense to
Chapter 7 a user. and
- Data Binding We discuss
Windowstable
Formsand column mappings
Data-Bound Controls in Chapter 3 in more detail.
If you click the TableMappings property, it opens the Table Mappings dialog box. The Table Mappings
dialog box has two columns: Source Table and Dataset Table (see Figure 2-1). If you have more than one
Chapter
table in13 - Developing a Custom
a DataAdapter, Dataall
you'll see Provider
the tables listed in the Source Table list box. By default the source
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications
table Table is listed in the list box. The Source Table using ASP.NET
column is a list of actual columns, and the Dataset
Chapter 15 - Using
Table column is aADO.NET
list of theincolumn
Xml Web Services
names used in the DataSet. By default, DataSet columns names
Chapter
are the16 - ASP.NET
same as the Server
sourceControls andisData
table. This Binding
useful when you want to use different names in a program. You
can change
DataSet columnsWeb
Real-World by editing the column itself. Of course, you can't change source columns,
Applications
but you18
Chapter can reorder them by Mapping
- Object-Relational using theinColumn
.NET Mappings drop-down list.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 2-1: Table Mappings dialog box
By using this dialog box, you can even delete columns from your mapping using the Delete button.
Step 5: Reviewing Other Options

If you look closelyApplied
at the DataAdapter's Properties
ADO.NET: Building window,
Data-Driven you'll see three links: Configure Data Adapter,
Solutions
Generate Dataset, and Preview Data.
The Configure Data Adapter option calls the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard, discussed earlier in this
chapter. If you want to reset the wizard to change your options, you can use this link.
The Generate Dataset option lets you generate a DataSet for this DataAdapter. The Generate DataSet
option provides you with
ADO.NET.options that allow you to select whether you want to use an existing DataSet or
create a new DataSet. The Existing option is available only when a typed DataSet is available in your
project.
Table of Contents
CreateADO.NETBuilding
Applied a new DataSet with the default
Data-Driven name DataSet1. (You can change the DataSet name if you want.)
Solutions
Clicking the OK button adds a typed DataSet (DataSet1.xsd) to the project.
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio Question
.NET and Answer
Chapter 4 -Q:
ADO.NET
What'sina typed
DataSet? Are there other types of
DataSets? Events
Chapter 7 -Answers
Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 10 -A:
There are two types of DataSets: typed and untyped. A typed DataSet is represented
Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
by an Extensible Markup Language (XML) schema. See the "Typed and Untyped
DataSets" section of Chapter 3 for more information.
Actually,
Chapter 16the Generate
- ASP.NET DataSet
Server option
Controls adds
and DataaBinding
class DataSet1 to your project, which is inherited from
17 -IfBuilding
DataSet.
Chapter you go Real-World
to the ClassWeb
View, you can see the DataSet1 class and its members.
Applications
The Preview Data option enables you to view the DataSet schema. You can even preview the data in the
DataSet by pressing the Fill button, which opens the Data Adapter Preview dialog box (see Figure 2-2).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 2-2: Previewing data for the DataAdapter

The Fill Dataset button in Figure 2-2 fills data into a grid based upon the current state of the
SelectCommand in the DataAdapter. The Parameters grid displays available parameters if a
DataAdapter has any. The Clear Results button clears the records.
Thisthe
Step 6: Reviewing text provides
Source extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Code
interfaces,
Now it's time to examine theand takes
code anda see
what the wizard hasXML
done for you automatically. You can see the
source code by right-clicking
ADO.NET.
the form and selecting the View Source option.
Note You should take the time to look at the code so you know what goes under the hood when you
use the IDE to write your code. It'll help you in the long run.
Table of Contents
All source code generated by the Windows form designer is defined in the InitializeComponent
Introduction
method of the file. Right-click your form and choose View Code. Upon examining the source code, you'll
Chapter 1 -the
see where ADO.NET
wizardBasics
has added two components, sqlConnection1 and sqlDataAdapter1, to your
Chapter
source 2file-as
Data Components
well in Visual Studio
as four SqlCommand .NET
components. Scroll down to the Windows Designer Generated
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
Code option in Disconnected
and expand Environments
it. This reveals the contents of the InitializeComponent routine (see Listing 2-
Chapter
1). 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Listing62-1:
Chapter Added SqlXML
- Integrating Server Provider Components
with ADO.NET
Chapter
Friend 8 WithEvents
DataGrid1 As System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Friend Exception
WithEvents Handling
SqlDataAdapter1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter
Friend
Chapter WithEvents
10 - Working with theSqlSelectCommand1
ODBC .NET Data ProviderAs System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend
Chapter WithEvents
11 - Stored SqlInsertCommand1
Procedures and Views As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend
Chapter WithEvents
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, SqlUpdateCommand1 As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
and Other .NET Data Providers
Friend
Chapter WithEvents
13 - Developing SqlDeleteCommand1
a Custom Data Provider As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand
Friend
Chapter WithEvents
14 - Developing SqlConnection1
Database Web ApplicationsAs System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection
using ASP.NET
Friend WithEvents DataSet11 As MyFirstADONetApp.DataSet1
<System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()> Private Sub InitializeComponent()
Me.DataGrid1 = New System.Windows.Forms.DataGrid()
Me.SqlDataAdapter1 = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlDataAdapter()
Me.SqlSelectCommand1 = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand()
Me.SqlInsertCommand1 = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand()
ChapterMe.SqlUpdateCommand1
20 - COM Interoperability and
= ADO.NET
New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand()
ChapterMe.SqlDeleteCommand1
21 - Messaging = New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlCommand()
Me.SqlConnection1 = ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
New System.Data.SqlClient.SqlConnection()
Search for the ConnectionString by hitting Ctrl+F to bring up VS .NET's Find dialog box. If you examine
Index
theof
List InitializeComponent()
Figures method, you'll see that the wizard sets SqlConnection's
ConnectionString
List of Tables property to the following:
List of Listings
Me.SqlConnection1.ConnectionString
List of Sidebars = _
"data source=localhost;initial catalog=Northwind;" & _
"integrated security=SSPI;persist " & _
"security info=False;workstation id=MCB;packet size=4096"
It also sets the CommandText property of the SqlCommand with the corresponding SELECT,INSERT,
UPDATE, and DELETE SQL statements. The Connection property of SqlCommand is set to
SqlConnection:
Me.SqlSelectCommand1.CommandText = "SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, " & _

"FirstName FROM Employees"
Me.SqlSelectCommand1.Connection = Me.SqlConnection1
If you examine Listing
Apress2-2, you'll
2003 (928see that DataAdapter is connected to a Connection through data
pages)
commands, and theThisTableMapping property
text provides extensive is responsible
coverage for mapping
of ADO.NET tables and their columns. Note
technology
including
that the table mappings ADO.NET
between internals,columns
DataSet namespaces, classes, and columns generated by the wizard
and DataSource
interfaces,
have exactly the same andnames.
column takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Listing 2-2: DataAdapter Connection through TableMapping
TableMe.SqlDataAdapter1.DeleteCommand
of Contents = Me.SqlDeleteCommand1
AppliedMe.SqlDataAdapter1.InsertCommand
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions = Me.SqlInsertCommand1
Introduction
Me.SqlDataAdapter1.SelectCommand = Me.SqlSelectCommand1
ChapterMe.SqlDataAdapter1.TableMappings.AddRange(_
1 - ADO.NET Basics
ChapterNew
2 -System.Data.Common.DataTableMapping()
Data Components in Visual Studio .NET { _
ChapterNew
3 -System.Data.Common.DataTableMapping("Table",
ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments "Employees", _
ChapterNew
4 -System.Data.Common.DataColumnMapping()
ADO.NET in Connected Environments { _
ChapterNew
5 -System.Data.Common.DataColumnMapping("EmployeeID",
Handling ADO.NET Events "EmployeeID"), _
ChapterNew
6 -System.Data.Common.DataColumnMapping("LastName",
Integrating XML with ADO.NET "LastName"), _
ChapterNew
7 -System.Data.Common.DataColumnMapping("FirstName",
Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls "FirstName")})})
Me.SqlDataAdapter1.UpdateCommand
= Me.SqlUpdateCommand1
It looks like the wizard did a lot of the work for you!
Step 7:13
Chapter Filling the DataGrid
- Developing Control
a Custom with Data
Data Provider
Until now, you haven't had to write a single line of code. Now, though, you'll add few lines of code and then
you'll be all set to see the data from your data source. Now you have two options. First, you can use the
typed DataSet to read the data, and second, you can create a DataSet object programmatically and fill it
using the SqlDataAdapter'sFill method.
Chapter 19 - Mapped
You'll create Objects:
a DataSet Performance
object Considerations
programmatically anditData
and use to fillBinding
data in a DataGrid. Add the code in
Listing 20
Chapter 2-3-toCOM
the Interoperability
form load eventand
handler. As you can see, this code creates a DataSet object and fills it
ADO.NET
by calling
Chapter 21 SqlDataAdapter's
- Messaging Fill method. The Fill method of SqlDataAdapter fills data from a
22 - SQL to
DataAdapter
Chapter the DataSet.
Server You Notes
and ADO.NET: call the
onFill method in the FillDBGrid method. Once you have a
Performance
DataSet
Appendix A -containing
Relational data, you can
Databases: do anything
Some with it, including creating views for that data. In this example,
Basic Concepts
you set aB DataGrid
Appendix - Commonlycontrol's
Used SQL Statements property to the DataSet.DefaultViewManager, which
DataSource
binds theC DataSet
Appendix - ADO.NETobject to theAsked
Frequently DataGrid control.
Questions
Index
Listing 2-3: Form's Load Event Handler
List of Figures
List of Tables
Private
List Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
of Listings
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
List of Sidebars
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet()
SqlDataAdapter1.Fill(ds)
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager
End Sub
Another option is to use the typed DataSet you generated using the Generate DataSet option. The wizard
added an instance of DataSet1 called DataSet11 to the project. Now just call the Fill method of
DataAdapter and bind the DataSet's default view to the DataGrid. Just write the following two lines on
the form load event handler:
SqlDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet11)
Applied ADO.NET:
DataGrid1.DataSource Building Data-Driven Solutions
= DataSet11.DefaultViewManager
Finally, build andThis
run the
text project
providesusing eithercoverage
extensive of the two
of methods. The result looks like Figure 2-3. Easy,
ADO.NET technology
huh? including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 2-3: Output of the Employee data to a DataGrid control
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using DataSet and
Applied DataView
ADO.NET: BuildingComponents
After discussing DataAdapters
Apress 2003 (928 and data connections, you should have a pretty good idea of how to take
pages)
advantage of the This
VS .NET design-time support
text provides extensive to develop
coverage databound
of ADO.NET Windows Form database
technology
applications. including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
TheDataSet andnamespaces
DataViewand components
classes, andare twotopowerful
how integrateand
botheasy-to-use
with components of the
ADO.NET model.ADO.NET.
In this section, you'll learn how to utilize DataSet and DataView components at
design-time. In Chapter 4, we discuss their properties and methods in more detail and show how to use
them programmatically. The DataSet and DataView components fall into the disconnected
Table of Contents
components category, which means you can use these components with or without data providers. We
discuss disconnected data components in Chapter 3.
Introduction
Understanding
Chapter Typed
2 - Data Components DataSets
in Visual Studio .NET in VS .NET
There are two types of DataSets: typed and untyped. As discussed in Chapter 1 (and in more detail in
Chapter 4), a typedDataSet has an XML schema attached to it. The XML schema defines members for
aDataSet corresponding to database table columns, and you can access data through these columns.
Untyped datasets are ones that are created at runtime and don't have a schema attached to them. In the
Chapter 7 section,
following - Data Binding
we showandyou
Windows Forms
how you can Data-Bound Controls
generate typed datasets using a VS .NET wizard.
Generating
Chapter Typed
9 - ADO.NET DataSets
Exception Using
Handling a DataAdapter
As you 11
Chapter saw earlier,Procedures
- Stored you can generate typed datasets by using the Generate Dataset option from a
and Views
DataAdapter's
Chapter Properties
12 - Oracle, dialog
SQLXML, and box..NET
Other AndData
as mentioned
Providers earlier, the Generate DataSet option adds an
XML schema to the project and also adds a class to the project inherited from the DataSet class. The
designer looks like Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4: ADataSet's Properties window showing a typed DataSet
Again, you can see a typed DataSet's properties by right-clicking the DataSet and using the Properties
menu option.
EveryDataSet
Appendix generated
A - Relational by theSome
Databases: IDE creates an XML schema for the DataSet. If you look at the bottom
Basic Concepts
of the Properties
Appendix window
B - Commonly of SQL
Used a DataSet, you'll see two links: View Schema and DataSet Properties. The
Statements
View Schema
Appendix option Frequently
C - ADO.NET lets you view the Questions
Asked DataSet schema, and the DataSet Properties hyperlink lets you
set the DataSet properties. By following these links you can also set the DataSet's column names and
Index
other
List properties.
of Figures
List of Tables
Now you can use this DataSet as discussed earlier.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Adding a Typed DataSet
In the previous discussion, you saw how you can generate DataSet objects from a DataAdapter. There
are also other ways to create a typed DataSet object.
You can click the Project menu and choose Add New Item. This brings up the Add New Item window
where you'll find the DataSet template (see Figure 2-5). The default name of the DataSet template is
DataSet1.xsd, but you can change it by entering something in the Name text box.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
ADO.NET a typed DataSet
in Disconnected from the Add New Item window
Environments
After adding the DataSet, the designer creates an XSD (XML Schema) file and adds it your project area.
By default the schema is empty the first time you add a DataSet schema using the Add New Item. You
can see the contents of a DataSet schema by double-clicking DataSet1.xsd in the Solution Explorer.
As you can see from Figure 2-6, the designer has two options: the Server Explorer and the Toolbox. If you
Chapter 8 Server
click the - Constraints
Explorerand Data
link, Relations the Server Explorer. The XML designer has its own Toolbox,
it launches
which contains various XML schema items.
Index
Figure 2-6: EmptyDataset1.xsd in the VS .NET IDE
List of Figures
List of Tables
The
List of next step is to fill this XML schema with data and connect to a database. The easiest way to do this is
Listings
to use
List the Server Explorer. Open the Server Explorer by clicking the Sever Explorer link in the designer.
of Sidebars
You can expand any database and simply drop a database object such as a table, a view, or a stored
procedure on the designer from the Server Explorer. You can even drop multiple database objects. To
keep it simple, drop only one table, the Employees table from the SQL Server Northwind database.
Dragging the Employees table to the designer adds one XML schema (see Figure 2-7).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 8 - 2-7: Designand
Constraints viewData
of the DataSet's XML schema
Relations
It also automatically adds the typed DataSet class that inherits from DataSet. If you go to the Class
View, you can see the DataSet1 class. If you expand this class, you'll notice this class is derived from the
DataSet class. You can explore the code added by the designer. However, you'll never use these class
members directly.
Chapter 14 -have
Once you Developing
a typedDatabase
DataSet,Web
youApplications
can bind itusing
to anyASP.NET
data-bound control (as discussed earlier in this
chapter).
Understanding the DataView
ADataView
Chapter represents
19 - Mapped a view
Objects: of a DataSet
Performance object. and Data Binding
Considerations
Chapter 21 - Messaging Question and Answer
Q: Why do I need a DataView when I can use a DataSet's
DefaultViewManager?
Index Answers
List of Figures
List of Tables
A:
List of Listings Actually, the DefaultViewManager provides a view of all the available tables in a
List of Sidebars DataSet. What if you want to display only one table? Or what if you want to filter or sort
data?
ADataView provides you with Filter and Sort properties; by using them you can filter and sort the
data. There are many occasions when you don't want all data from a table. You can apply a filter criteria
on a DataView and bind the DataView to the data-bound controls. You can also separate multiple
tables of a DataSet by associating each table with a DataViewl. For example, you can create a
DataSet with three tables and create three different DataView objects for each table. Once you have a
DataView object, you can attach it with any data-bound control, such as a DataGrid or a ComboBox
control using the data-bound control's DataSource property. Or you can filter only records based on a
date or an ID.
by Mahesh
Note In this chapter, weChand and David
concentrate Talbot
on the VS .NET part of DataView. We discuss the DataView
ISBN:1590590732
class andApress
its members
2003 (928in more detail in Chapter 4.
pages)
Creating and attaching a DataView
including with a data
ADO.NET internals, source is classes,
namespaces, simple inand
the designer. In this sample, you'll
create and attachinterfaces,
a DataViewand takes
with aaDataSet.
comprehensive look
Before at XMLa DataView, though, you need to have a
creating
DataSet. namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
First, you create a DataAdapter by simply dragging a database table from the Server Explorer to the
form. This action adds a Connection and a DataAdapter to the application and makes them available
Table of Contents
at design-time. Second, you generate a DataSet from a DataAdapter by selecting the Generate
Dataset menu option available after right-clicking the DataAdapter.
Introduction
Chapter
Now you1 need
- ADO.NET
to addBasics
a DataView. You simply drag a DataView by dragging the DataView control from
Chapter
Toolbox2 -Data
Dataonto
your form. Studioadds
This action .NETa DataView1 to the project.
Next, attach
Chapter DataView1
4 - ADO.NET to the DataSet.
in Connected You can do that by simply setting the Table property of the
Environments
DataView.
Chapter 5
The Table property of DataView1 lists the DataSet and DataSet tables. In this case,
- Handling ADO.NET Events
selectDataSet11.Employees as the Table property of DataView1 (see Figure 2-8).
Figure 2-8: DataView Properties window
This is where Frequently
the DataView Asked Questions
is useful. The DataView has two properties: Sort and RowFilter. The
Index
Sort property takes an expression with the name of the column followed by the sort order. For example, if
List
youofwant
Figures
to sort data based on the FirstName column in ascending order, you set the FirstName ASC
string
List as the Sort property of DataView.
of Tables
List of Listings
TheRowFilter property filters the data of a DataView. This property works as a WHERE clause of the
List of Sidebars
SELECT statement. The RowFilter property takes an expression with the column name and the criteria.
For example, if you want to retrieve records where the country is USA, you simply set "Country='USA'"
as the filter. As you can see in Figure 2-8, we set the RowFilter and Sort properties.
Note To sort in descending order, use DESC instead of ASC.
Once you have a DataView, you can bind it to a data-bound control such as a DataGrid by setting data-
bound control's DataSource property. To test this, you can drop a DataGrid control onto the form and
setDataGrid'sDataSource property as DataView1. You can simply set that from the Properties
window of DataGrid.
Now if you compile and run your project, you'll only see USA records sorted on the FirstName column
(see Figure 2-9).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure
Applied 2-9: Sorted and
ADO.NETBuilding filtered data
Data-Driven in a DataGrid
Solutions
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the Data Form
Applied Wizard
The Data Form Wizard
Apress is one (928
2003 most useful tools for developing database applications. You can use the Data
pages)
Form Wizard to develop your database application
This text provides extensive coveragewith
of viewing,
ADO.NETupdating,
technologyand deleting capabilities. This is
probably the fastest way to develop database applications in .NET
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and (unless you're an extremely fast typist!).
namespaces
In the following sections, you'lland classes,
use andForm
the Data how to integrate
Wizard bothawith
to write fully functional database application including
ADO.NET.
features such as inserting, updating, and deleting data without writing a single line of code. In this simple
example, you'll use the familiar Northwind database, and you'll use both the Customers and Orders tables to
build a data relationship between table data.
Table of Contents
First, you'll Data-Driven
create a Windows Solutions
application. Second, you'll add a Data Form Wizard to it and then call the Data
Introduction
Form Wizard from the main application. Like many parts of this book, this topic is in the form of tutorial. Just
Chapter 1 -simple
follow the ADO.NET Basics
steps, and in a few minutes you'll be able to run the application.
Step 1:
Chapter 3 Selecting
- ADO.NET in a Project Template
Create 5a new
Chapter Windows
- Handling by selecting File New Project Visual Basic Projects Windows Application
projectEvents
ADO.NET
and typing-MyDataFormWizardSamp
Chapter 6
as your application name.
Step 2: Adding a Data Form Wizard Item
Chapter
Now add9 a- Data
ADO.NET
FormException Handling
Wizard by selecting Project Add New Item Data Form Wizard from the available
Chapter 10 - You
templates. Working with the
can type ODBC .NET Data
DataForm1.vb Provider
as the name of your DataForm class in the Name field of the dialog box
(see Figure
Chapter 11 - 2-10).
Stored (If you're using
Procedures andC# language, the filename would be DataForm1.cs.)
Views
Index
List of Figures
Figure 2-10: Adding a Data Form Wizard
List of Tables
List
Now of click
Listings
Open, which calls the Data Form Wizard.
List of Sidebars
Step 3: Walking through the Data Form Wizard
The first page of the wizard is a welcome page telling you what the wizard is about to do.
Step 4: Choosing the DataSet You Want

On the second page of the wizard, you can choose a DataSet name that will later be used to access the data.
You can either create a new DataSet name or select an existing one. If there's no DataSet available in the
project, the Use the Following Dataset Named option is disabled. For this test, type MyDS as the DataSet name
in the Create a New Dataset Named option and move to the next page by clicking the Next button.
Step 5: Choosing a Data Connection

The next page ofApplied
the wizard asks youBuilding
ADO.NET: to provide a connection.
Data-Driven The combo box displays your available
Solutions
connections. If you
by didn't
Mahesh create
Chanda connection, use the New Connection
and David Talbot button, which launches the Server
ISBN:1590590732
Explorer discussed earlier
Apress in this
2003 (928chapter.
pages) You'll select the usual database, Northwind. If you followed the Server
Explorer discussion
Thisintext
the provides
beginning of this chapter,
extensive coverageyou should have
of ADO.NET a Northwind connection in the list. If you
technology
don't have any connection listed in this
including ADO.NET list, create
internals, a new connection
namespaces, classes, andusing the Northwind SQL Server database.
namespaces
Step 6: Choosing Tablesand or
classes,
Viewsand how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
The next page of the wizard lets you pick the tables and views you want to connect to the DataSet. As you can
see in
Table of Figure 2-11, we selected the Customers and Orders tables in the Available Items list on this page and use
Contents
the > button to add these tables to the Selected Items list.
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 17 - 2-11: Choosing
Building tables
Real-World Weband views
Applications
Now you're ready to create a relationship between these two tables.
Chapter
Step 7:21 Creating
- Messaging a Relationship between Tables
The nextApage
Appendix of the wizard
- Relational lets you
Databases: Somedefine
BasicaConcepts
relationship between the Customers and Orders tables. It's useful
to provide
Appendix B -a Commonly
relationship between
Used tables when you have a master-detail relationship in the database. In other
SQL Statements
words, aCcustomer
Appendix may
- ADO.NET have many
Frequently orders
Asked associated with it, so there's a relationship through the CustomerID in
Questions
the Orders table joined to information about the customer in the Customers table. Now, say you want to see all
Index
theoforders
List of a customer based on the CustomerID. If you do this manually, you need to write code to select data
Figures
from the Orders table to correspond to a CustomerID and then fill data to the form. If you use the Data Form
List of Tables
Wizard instead, it does everything for you. Cool, huh?
List of Listings
List
Thisof is
Sidebars
the same step you're going to see on the Create a Relationship between Tables page of the wizard.
You're going to create a relationship between the Customers and Orders tables based on the CustomerID. Name
the relationship between the Customers and Orders table CustOrderRelation. You also need to pick the
associated primary key and foreign key that links the parent to the child table. Once you've chosen the joining key
(CustomerID), you have to press the > button to tell the wizard that you want to add it.
When you run the final program, you'll see how you can filter all orders for a customer based on the CustomerID.
As you can see from Figure 2-12, you need to pick one table as parent and another table as a child based on the
relationship between them. In this example, the Customers table is the parent table, and the Orders table is the
child table.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 7 - 2-12:
Figure Data Binding andCustomers
Selecting Windows Forms
as theData-Bound
parent andControls
Orders as the child table to create the
Chapter relationship
8 - Constraints and Data
CustOrderRelation Relations
Step 8: Choosing Tables and Columns to Display on the Form
The next page of the wizard lets you select which tables and columns you want to show on the form. For this
Chapter 13 select
example, - Developing
all the acolumns
Custom from
Data Provider
both of the tables (this is the default selection). As you can see in Figure 2-
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web
13, the Customers table is the master, Applications using table
and the Orders ASP.NETis the detail table. On this page, you can select
whatever column you want to display on the form.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 2-13: Choosing columns to display on the Data Form Wizard
Step 9: Choosing the Display Style

This page is an important part of creating your form. Actually, the Data Form Wizard adds a Form with some
controls on it and writes code to fill, update, delete, and navigate data. There are two ways to view the data, and
you choose your option on this page. These two options are as follows:
All Records in a Grid
byin
Single Record Mahesh Chand
Individual and David Talbot
Controls ISBN:1590590732
Figure 2-14 displays
This these options.extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
text provides
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 2-14: Choosing between a grid and individual controls on the Data Form Wizard
The output
Chapter 13 - of All Records
Developing in a Grid
a Custom Datalooks like Figure 2-15. After that you can resize or move the controls on the
Provider
form. 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Figure 2-15: Grid DataForm output
List of Sidebars
The second option, Single Record in Individual Controls, shows data in text boxes and provides you with
navigation controls. As you can see from Figure 2-16, the Single Record in Individual Controls option activates
Add, Delete, Cancel, and Navigation Controls check boxes. You can uncheck these check boxes if you don't
want to add those features to your project.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure- 2-16:
Chapter 5
The Single Record in Individual Controls option
The form generated by this option looks like Figure 2-17. As you can see, each column of the table has a field on
the form.
Figure
Appendix C - 2-17: Data
ADO.NET Form Wizard-generated
Frequently Asked Questions form for the Single Record in Individual Controls option
Index
List of Figures
After selecting the data display style, click the Finish button. The Data Form Wizard adds the Windows form
List of Tables and the class DataForm1.vb corresponding to it.
DataForm1
List of Listings
Step
List 10: Calling
of Sidebars the Data Form Wizard Form from the Application
Now you need to change one more thing. You need to call the DataForm1 form. Generally, you call a
DataForm from a menu or a button click event handler. Say you've added two DataForm objects, DataForm1
andDataForm2, using both the options. The code in Listing 2-4 calls DataForm1.
Listing 2-4: CallingDataForm1 from a Button Click

Dim dfw1 As DataForm1 = New DataForm1()
dfw1.Show()
End Sub
Listing 2-5 calls DataForm2 from extensive
This text provides a button click handler.
interfaces,
Listing 2-5: Calling and takes
DataForm2 froma a
comprehensive
Button Clicklook at XML
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Dim dfw2 As DataForm2 = New DataForm2()
Applieddfw2.Show()
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
End Sub
Note
Chapter 4 If- you have in
ADO.NET modified the Environments
Connected name of your Data Form Wizard-generated form, you need to call that form
Chapter 5 instead of DataForm1
- Handling and DataForm2.
ADO.NET Events
Step 11:
Chapter 7 - Viewing the
Data Binding andOutput
Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
When you run any of the modes (DataGrid mode or individual column mode), you'll see Load and Update
buttons. The Load and Update buttons load and update the data, respectively, and Cancel All cancels all the
operations. The neat thing is if you move into the top grid, corresponding information changes in the bottom grid.
After compiling
Chapter andSQLXML,
12 - Oracle, running and
yourOther
application, you'll
.NET Data notice that without writing a single line of code, you just
Providers
created13a fully
Chapter functional
- Developing database
a Custom application.
Data Provider
The Load button on the individual control form loads the data, and the Add, Update, and Delete buttons on the
form inserts, updates, and deletes records, respectively.
Data Form Wizard: Looking under the Hood
You just saw how you can develop fully functional database applications with the help of the Data Form Wizard.
Now let's see what the wizard does for you in the actual code. (The inherent beauty of the VS .NET IDE is that it
magically hides all the messy code for you.) The wizard adds two items to your project: MyDS.xsd and
DataForm1.vb.
Understanding MyDS.xsd
Index
MyDS.xsd is an XML schema for the DataSet you've added to the project. (It's similar to the one discussed in
List
theof"Understanding
Figures Typed DataSets in VS .NET" section of this chapter.)
List of Tables
List of Listings
Understanding DataForm1.vb
List of Sidebars
The second item added by wizard is the DataForm1 class, a class derived from
System.Windows.Forms.Form. The DataForm1 class defines the class's entire functionality:
Public Class DataForm1

Inherits System.Windows.Forms.Form
ThebtnUpdate_Click and btnLoad_Click methods are the event handlers for the Update and Load
buttons, respectively. As you can see from Listing 2-6, the btnLoad_Click method calls LoadDataSet, and
thebtnUpdate_Click method calls the UpdateDataSet method.
Listing 2-6: The Load and Update Button Click Event Handlers
Private Sub btnUpdate_Click(ByVal
Apress 2003 (928 pages) sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnUpdate.Click
Try including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
'Attempt to update
interfaces, the
and takes datasource.
Me.UpdateDataSet()
ADO.NET.
Catch eUpdate As System.Exception
'Add your error handling code here.
'Display error message, if any.
Table of Contents
System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(eUpdate.Message)
End Try
Introduction
End Sub
Private Sub btnLoad_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnLoad.Click
ChapterTry
4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter 5 'Attempt
- Handling to
ADO.NET
loadEvents
the dataset.
Chapter 6 Me.LoadDataSet()
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET
ChapterCatch
7 - Data Binding
eLoad Asand Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
System.Exception
Chapter 8 'Add
- Constraints and Data
your error Relations code here.
handling
Chapter 9 'Display
- ADO.NET error
Exception Handling if any.
message,
Chapter 10System.Windows.Forms.MessageBox.Show(eLoad.Message)
- Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
End Try
TheLoadDataSet method loads the data from the data source into the controls by calling FillDataSet (see
Listing 2-7). As you can see from the code, it assigns the MyDS DataSet generated by the Data Form Wizard as
a temporary DataSet and fills it using the FillDataSet method.
Chapter
Listing18 - Object-Relational
2-7: LoadDataSet Mapping in .NET
Method Generated by the Data Form Wizard
Public Sub LoadDataSet()
'Create a new dataset to hold the records returned
Chapter'A 22 temporary
- SQL Server and ADO.NET:
dataset is Notes
usedonbecause
Performance
filling the existing dataset would
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic
'require the databindings to be rebound. Concepts
AppendixDimB -objDataSetTemp
Commonly Used SQL As Statements
MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently
objDataSetTemp = NewAsked Questions
MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS()
Index Try
List of Figures
'Attempt to fill the temporary dataset.
Me.FillDataSet(objDataSetTemp)
List of Tables
List of Listings eFillDataSet As System.Exception
Catch
List of Sidebars
Throw eFillDataSet
End Try
Try
'Empty the old records from the dataset.
objMyDS.Clear()
'Merge the records into the main dataset.
objMyDS.Merge(objDataSetTemp)
Catch eLoadMerge As System.Exception
Throw eLoadMerge
End Try
End Sub
TheFillDataSetApress
fills the
2003 from the DataAdapter by calling the Fill method on each
(928 pages)
DataSet
DataAdapter. Note that provides
This text with the extensive
Data Form Wizard,ofa ADO.NET
coverage is created for each table-one
technology
DataAdapter
including
DataAdapter for ADO.NETtable
the Customers internals, namespaces,
and one classes,for
DataAdapter andthe Orders table. Both DataAdapters fill
the same DataSet. Listing 2-8 shows the FillDataSet method.
ADO.NET.
Listing 2-8: The FillDataSet Method Generated by the Data Form Wizard
Table of Contents
Public Sub FillDataSet(ByVal dataSet As MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS)
Applied'Turn
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
off constraint Solutions before the dataset is filled.
checking
Introduction
'This allows the adapters to fill the dataset without concern
Chapter'for
1 - ADO.NET Basics
dependencies between the tables.
ChapterdataSet.EnforceConstraints
2 - Data Components in Visual Studio
= .NET
False
Chapter Try
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter 4 'Open
- ADO.NET
thein connection.
Chapter 5 Me.OleDbConnection1.Open()
Chapter 6 'Attempt
- Integratingto
XMLfill the dataset through the OleDbDataAdapter1.
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 Me.OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(dataSet)
- Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8 Me.OleDbDataAdapter2.Fill(dataSet)
Chapter Catch fillException
9 - ADO.NET As System.Exception
Exception Handling
Throw fillException
Finally
'Turn constraint checking back on.
dataSet.EnforceConstraints = True
'Close the connection whether or not the exception was thrown.
Chapter 15 Me.OleDbConnection1.Close()
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter End- ASP.NET
16 Try Server Controls and Data Binding
End Sub
Note
Chapter 22 One
- SQLthing youand
Server may notice isNotes
ADO.NET: that the
on Data Form Wizard uses the OleDb provider to write the Data Form
Performance
Appendix A Wizard code.
- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
TheUpdateDataSource method updates the data source from the DataSet. This method is called by the
UpdateDataSet Frequently
method Asked Questions
and utilizes the Update command of the DataAdapters. Listing 2-9 shows the
Index
UpdateDataSource method.
List of Figures
Listing
List 2-9: The UpdateDataSource and UpdateDataSet Methods Generated by the Data Form Wizard
of Tables
List of Listings
List ofPublic
Sidebars Sub UpdateDataSet()
'Create a new dataset to hold the changes that have been made to the main dataset.
Dim objDataSetChanges As MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS = _
New MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS()
'Stop any current edits.
Me.BindingContext(objMyDS, "Customers").EndCurrentEdit()
Me.BindingContext(objMyDS, "Orders").EndCurrentEdit()
'Get the changes that have been made to the main dataset.
objDataSetChanges = CType(objMyDS.GetChanges, MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS)
'Check to see if any changes have been made.
If (Not (objDataSetChanges) Is Nothing) Then
Try
'There are changes that need to be made, so attempt to update"
Applied
'calling theADO.NET:
updateBuilding
method Data-Driven
and passingSolutions
the dataset and any parameters.
Me.UpdateDataSource(objDataSetChanges) ISBN:1590590732
objMyDS.Merge(objDataSetChanges)
objMyDS.AcceptChanges()
including ADO.NET
Catch eUpdate internals, namespaces, classes, and
As System.Exception
'Add namespaces
your error and handling codeto here.
classes, and how integrate both with
ThrowADO.NET.
eUpdate
End Try
'Add your code to check the returned dataset for any errors"
Table of Contents
'pushed into the row object's error.
AppliedEnd
ADO.NETBuilding
If Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
End Sub
Chapter
Public 2 Sub
UpdateDataSource(ByVal ChangedRows As MyDataFormWizardSamp.MyDS)
ChapterTry
Chapter 4 'The data insource
- ADO.NET only
Connected needs to be updated if there are changes pending.
Environments
Chapter 5 If- Handling
(Not (ChangedRows)
ADO.NET Events Is Nothing) Then
Chapter 6 -'Open theXML
Integrating connection.
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 -Me.OleDbConnection1.Open()
Chapter 8
'Attempt to update the data source.
OleDbDataAdapter1.Update(ChangedRows)
OleDbDataAdapter2.Update(ChangedRows)
End If
Catch updateException As System.Exception
Throw a Custom Data Provider
updateException
ChapterFinally
14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET
'Close in Xml Web Services
the connection whether or not the exception was thrown.
Me.OleDbConnection1.Close()
ChapterEnd
17 -Try
Building Real-World Web Applications
Chapter
End Sub18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
ThebtnCancelAll_Click method is the Cancel All button click handler, which calls the DataSet's
RejectChanges method (see Listing 2-10).
Listing 2-10: Cancel All Button Click Event Handler
Index
Private Sub btnCancelAll_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List of Figures
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles btnCancelAll.Click
List of Tables
Me.objMyDS.RejectChanges()
List of Listings
End Sub
List of Sidebars
Congratulations! Apress
You'venow
2003completed
(928 pages) one more step toward understanding ADO.NET and its
components. After completing this extensive
This text provides chapter, you should
coverage of have a good
ADO.NET idea of how to write database
technology
applications usingincluding
the VS .NET IDE.
namespaces
In this chapter, you and classes,
learned about and components
visual data how to integrate both
in VS with The Server Explorer is a handy
.NET.
ADO.NET.
utility added to VS .NET IDE to help you manage your database connections.
DataAdapters let you connect to a data source at design-time and populate DataSet objects. In
Table of Contents
addition, DataAdapters also allow you to add, update, and delete data through data command objects.
Applied
The VS ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
.NET IDE also lets Solutions
you generate typed DataSets, which are DataSets with properties of tables
Introduction
and columns specific to a data source.
ADataView
Chapter is a Components
2 - Data bindable view
in of a DataSet.
Visual You can sort and filter a DataSet with a DataView and
Studio .NET
use it to3 bind
Chapter to a graphical
- ADO.NET component
in Disconnected in many of the Windows form controls.
Environments
Finally, the Data Form Wizard is a useful tool for generating full-fledged database applications with
features such as inserting, deleting, and updating in no time.
Chapter 7 -chapter,
In the next Data Binding and Windows
we discuss ADO.NETForms Data-Bound classes
disconnected Controls and components.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
3: ADO.NET in Disconnected
Environments
ISBN:1590590732
Overview This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2,and
interfaces, youtakes
learned about ADO.NET,
a comprehensive look and you learned how to use ADO.NET
at XML
components withnamespaces
Visual Studioand classes,
(VS) .NET.and how
You to learned
also integratehow
bothtowith
write code that binds ADO.NET
ADO.NET.
components to data-bound controls and how to use VS .NET's Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) wizards to write full-fledged database applications.
Table of Contents
In this chapter, you'll get a broad view of the ADO.NET architecture and the basic building blocks of
ADO.NET in a disconnected environment. Now, the first question on your mind might be, "What is a
Introduction
disconnected environment?" Generally, when we talk about ADO.NET and data access, we're talking
Chapter 1 - stored
about data ADO.NETin aBasics
database server such as a SQL Server or Oracle. Actually, ADO.NET not only
Chapter
provides2 a-way
DatatoComponents in Visual Studio
work with databases, it also.NET
allows you to access various kinds of data sources and even
Chapter 3 - representations
in-memory ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
of data. In-memory data is stored in a system's memory and erased when an
Chapter 4 - is
application ADO.NET
closed. in Connected
Data Environments
that is held in-memory is referred to as a disconnected environment.
Why use
Chapter 6 in-memory data?
- Integrating XML Well, there may be occasions when you don't want to store data in a database
with ADO.NET
but you7want
Chapter to perform
- Data Binding some actionsForms
and Windows such as adding, deleting,
Data-Bound Controlssorting, and searching data, and once
you're done,
Chapter 8
you don't care what happens to the data. This scenario would be perfect for working with
disconnected data.
Chapter 10 In
Note - Working
Chapter with
4, wethe
willODBC .NET Data
concentrate onProvider
working with connected data, where data will be stored in a
Chapter 11 database.
- Stored Procedures and Views
In the connected environment, you use a data provider to connect to a database and
Chapter 12 read
- Oracle,
and SQLXML,
write dataand Other
using the.NET
dataData Providers
provider classes.
ADO.NET
Chapter 14 disconnected classes Web
- Developing Database are basic buildingusing
Applications blocks of the ADO.NET architecture. The classes are
ASP.NET
independent
Chapter of data
15 - Using providers
ADO.NET andWeb
in Xml dataServices
sources. In other words, you can use these classes with data
providers as well as without data providers.
Chapter
ADO.NET 17 -data
Building Real-World
providers Web
are sets ofApplications
classes designed to work with multiple data sources to provide the
Chapter
best of 18
all -the
Object-Relational
database access Mapping in .NET ADO.NET provides many data providers to work with
technologies.
Chapter 19kinds
different - Mapped Objects:
of data Performance
sources, Considerations
including OleDb, ODBC,andandData
Sql.Binding
Note
Chapter 21 You can access SQL Server 6.5 or previous versions using ODBC or OleDb data providers.
- Messaging
Although ADO.NET is a new programming model, it still uses old native data access technologies to
access different data sources. For example, OleDb data providers use the native OLE DB Application
Programming Interface (API) to access OLE DB data sources. Similar to OLE DB data sources, ODBC
data providers Frequently
use ODBC Asked
drivers Questions
and the ODBC Administration to access ODBC data sources. ADO.NET
Index
data providers wrap up these technologies for easier programming.
List of Figures
So,ofwhat's
List Tablesnew in ADO.NET? That is a good question. Weren't you using the ODBC and OLE DB APIs in
previous
List data access technologies? You're right. ADO.NET uses the same native API. The only difference
of Listings
is, of
List ADO.NET
Sidebars provides high-level, object-oriented classes that are easy to program and understand.
Further, all the data providers supply the same programming model. So, if you know how to write
applications using OleDb data providers, you'll be able to write applications using ODBC or Sql providers in
no time. It's just a matter of changing the class names and connection strings. When working with SQL
Server databases, the Sql data provider is much more efficient and faster in comparison to the OleDb or
ODBC data providers. Unlike ODBC and OleDb data providers, which use ODBC and OLE DB data layers
to connect to a SQL Server database, the Sql data provider uses the native SQL Server layer to connect to
the databases. We discuss this in more detail in later chapters.
Understanding
Appliedthe ADO.NET
ADO.NET: BuildingArchitecture
You briefly lookedApress
at theADO.NET architecture in Chapter 1. Now you'll see a broad view of the ADO.NET
2003 (928 pages)
architecture and learn how disconnected
This text provides extensiveandcoverage
connected components
of ADO.NET (classes) provide access to multiple
technology
data sources. In this section, we talk about objects in general.
Figure 3-1 showsnamespaces and classes,ofand
the basic architecture thehow to integrate
ADO.NET both
model. Aswith
you can see, the entire ADO.NET
ADO.NET.
model sits between the data source and client applications that can be built using Windows Forms, Web
Forms, or even console-based applications. The Connection is the first component that talks to a data
source. In ADO.NET, each data provider (OleDb, Sql, Odbc, or Oracle) has its own Connection class.
Table of Contents
TheConnection component is a mediator between a DataAdapter or a Command component. The
DataAdapter components create SQL INSERT,SELECT,UPDATE, and DELETE statements that add,
Introduction
read, update, and delete data from a data source, respectively. Not only does a DataAdapter create
these SQL statements, it also executes these statements. Basically, a DataAdapter (with the help of
Chapter 2 -physically
Command) Data Components
updatesinand
Visual Studio
reads data.NET
from a data source. In Figure 3-1, an arrow shows this flow
Chapter 3
of data. - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Appendix A - 3-1:
Figure Relational Databases:
ADO.NET Some Basic Concepts
architecture
You canCuse
Appendix the Command
- ADO.NET components
Frequently with or without a DataAdapter. You can directly execute
Asked Questions
commands and read data in a DataReader, which provides a read-only, forward-only fast access to data.
Index
This
List of is best when you need to read data in applications that are not data-bound. You can also see from
Figures
Figure
List 3-1 that all arrows are double-sided arrows except the arrow connecting a DataReader and
of Tables
Command.
List A double-sided arrow means data transfer is possible on both sides. A DataReader can only
of Listings
read data, which is why the DataReader has only a one-sided arrow. This shows that you can fill a
List of Sidebars
DataReader from the Command, but you can't send back data from a DataReader to the Command.
ADataAdapter sits between a data source and a DataSet. It provides Fill and Update methods to
fill a DataSet from a data source based on the SELECT statement, and the Update method saves a
DataSet's changes to the data source. The DataSet plays a vital role in data-bound Graphical User
Interface (GUI) applications to display and manipulate data. Not only does it provide fast data manipulation
using Extensible Markup Language (XML) schemas, it also provides multiple views of data that can be
bound with multiple Windows Forms and Web Forms data-bound controls.
ADataSet is a collection of DataTable components. A DataTable represents a table in a data source.

You can apply a filter or do sorts on a table. You can bind a DataTable to data-bound controls such as a
DataGrid,DataList,ListBox, or ComboBox using DataView. You can also apply sorts and filters on
aDataView. As you can see from Figure 3-1, there are three DataSets represented and three
Applied
DataTables. Each ADO.NET:
DataTable Building
binds Data-Driven
to different Solutions
data-bound controls using different DataViews.
This section gaveApress
you an overview of the ADO.NET architecture. We discuss these controls in more detail
2003 (928 pages)
throughout this chapter and
This text Chapter
provides 4, depending
extensive on of
coverage their category.
ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Exploring the ADO.NET
Applied ClassData-Driven
ADO.NET: Building Hierarchy
Solutions
Before you start swimming in the
Apress 2003 (928 deep
pages) ocean of ADO.NET, you need to take a quick look at the ADO.NET
class hierarchy provided by the .NET Runtime
This text provides extensive Class Library
coverage (alsotechnology
of ADO.NET known as Base Class Library, or BCL).
These classes represent ADO.NET components.
namespaces
All ADO.NET functionality and.NET
in the classes, and how
Runtime to integrate
Class Library isboth with in three general namespaces and
defined
ADO.NET.
a number of provider-specific namespaces. System.Data and System.Data.Common are two general
namespaces common to all data providers. The System.Data.SqlTypes namespace is a SQL Server-
specific namespace. The remainder of the functionality is defined in the data provider-specific
Table of Contents
namespaces; some of them are System.Data.OleDb,System.Data.ODBC, and
System.Data.SqlClient.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NETnamespace
TheSystem.Data Basics defines classes that you can use with all the data providers or without
Chapter 2 - Data
data providers at Components in Visual Studio
all. This namespace .NET interfaces that are base classes for the data provider
also defines
classes.
Chapter 3Figure 3-2 shows
- ADO.NET the System.Data
in Disconnected namespace's class hierarchy.
Environments
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 3-2: TheSystem.Data namespace class hierarchy
List of Listings
The
List ofSystem.Data.Common
Sidebars namespace defines classes common to all data providers. Figure 3-3 shows
theSystem.Data.Common namespace hierarchy.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 3-3: TheSystem.Data.Common namespace hierarchy
TheSystem.Data.SqlTypes
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and namespace defines
Other .NET Data classes for native SQL Server data types that provide
Providers
type-safe
Chapter 13 conversion
- Developingbetween the
a Custom .NET
Data data types and the SQL Server native data types. Figure 3-4
Provider
shows the System.Data.SqlTypes namespace hierarchy.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 3-4: TheSystem.Data.SqlTypes namespace hierarchy
In addition to these three namespaces, there are a number of provider-specific namespaces. The class
hierarchy models of these namespaces are similar except for the name of the class. The classes defined
in the provider-specific namespaces start with the data provider name. For example, the Sql data provider
classes start withApplied
Sql, and ADO.NET:
the OleDb Building Data-Driven
data provider classesSolutions
start with OleDb. The Command object class
of the Sql data provider is SqlCommand, and the Command object ISBN:1590590732
class of the OleDb data provider is
OleDbCommand. Apress 2003 (928 pages)
including
In this section, you'll ADO.NET
see only internals, namespaces, namespace
the System.Data.OleDb classes, and class hierarchy because all the data
interfaces,
providers (including and takes a comprehensive
System.Data.Sql look at XML
and System.Data.Odbc) implement the same class hierarchy
model (with minorADO.NET.
changes). Figure 3-5 shows the System.Data.OleDb namespace hierarchy.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 19 - 3-5: TheObjects:
Mapped System.Data.OleDb namespaceand
Performance Considerations hierarchy
Data Binding
We discuss these namespaces and their classes in more detail throughout this chapter and Chapter 4.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Choosing aApplied
DataADO.NET:
Provider
As you saw earlier, many
Apress data(928
2003 providers
pages) are available in ADO.NET. There may be cases when you can
access a data source
This text providesthan
using more one data
extensive provider.
coverage Now thetechnology
of ADO.NET question arises: Which one is better?
When choosing aincluding
data provider, the main criteria of selection is
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andperformance and multiple data source
connectivity. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
In brief, to work with SQL Server 7 or later databases, the Sql data provider is the best choice. The Sql
data provider bypasses many layers and directly connects to the internal layer of the infrastructure. Not
only that, but the Sql data provider provides classes that help you to convert from native SQL Server data
Table of Contents
types to the .NET data types, and vice versa.
Introduction
OleDb data provider uses native OLE DB providers to access OLE DB data sources. OleDb data providers
Chapter 1 -because
are useful ADO.NETsome
Basicsdatabase providers don't implement ODBC drivers to connect to a database
Chapter
through2 ODBC.
The Odbc
Chapter 4 -data provider
ADO.NET provides aEnvironments
in Connected way to work with different kinds of data sources through ODBC drivers.
ODBC 5is an
Chapter older data
- Handling accessEvents
ADO.NET technology, but many applications still use ODBC to access data sources.
ODBC data
Chapter 6
providers provide a way to access ODBC data sources through ODBC drivers and ODBC
Administration. Database venders generally provide the ODBC drivers. Using ODBC you can access any
data source for which you have an ODBC driver installed.
Chapter 9 - Odbc
In general, ADO.NET
dataException
provider Handling
connectivity is faster than OLE-DB because of OLE DB's COM nature,
Chapter
which is10very
- Working with
"chatty." Sqlthe ODBC
data .NET is
provider Data Provider
faster than ODBC to work with SQL Server databases. But
Chapter
ODBC 11 - Stored
is useful whenProcedures
you needandto Views
write a generic class that can access multiple data sources through
ODBC.12
Chapter For- Oracle,
example, say you're
SQLXML, writing.NET
and Other an application that can work with multiple back-end servers
Data Providers
including
Chapter 13 SQL Server, Oracle,
- Developing Access,
a Custom and MySql. When you install these back-end servers, you also
Data Provider
install the
Chapter 14 ODBC driverDatabase
- Developing for theseWeb
databases. So, you
Applications can
using write a generic application that accesses these
ASP.NET
data sources
Chapter based
15 - Using on the in
ADO.NET ODBC DataServices
Xml Web Source Name (DSN). You can also pass the driver and data
source 16
Chapter information
- ASP.NETinServer
the application itself,
Controls and DatabutBinding
the user has to only create a DSN from ODBC, and the
application
Chapter 17 - can use Real-World
Building that DSN as theApplications
Web connection string in the application for the Odbc data provider.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedADO.NET Disconnected
ADO.NET: Building Classes
ADO.NET disconnected
Apress classes
2003 (928are the basic building blocks of the ADO.NET architecture. These classes
pages)
loosely couple with data providers. The coverage of namespace
System.Data
This text provides extensive defines these classes.
ADO.NET technology
The System.Data Namespace
ADO.NET.
TheSystem.Data namespace consists of classes that are the basic building blocks of the ADO.NET
architecture. These classes are also known as disconnected classes because they store disconnected
Table
dataof Contents
and can work without data providers.
Table 3-1 describes some of the common classes of the System.Data namespaces. We discuss these
Introduction
classes1in -more
Chapter detailBasics
ADO.NET throughout this chapter.
Table 3-1: The System.Data Namespace Classes
Chapter
CLASS 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
DESCRIPTION
Constraint,
Chapter 6 Constraints are rules set on a database table and its
ConstraintCollection, columns to help maintain the integrity of the data or to
UniqueConstraint, enforce business rules. The Constraint class object
ForeignKeyConstraint represents a constraint that you can apply on a
DataColumn object. Some of these constraints are
primary key, uniqueness, and foreign key. The
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and ViewsConstraintCollection class represents a collection of
constraints for a DataTable.UniqueConstraintand
ForeignKeyConstraint represent unique and foreign
key constraints.
DataColumn, TheDataColumn object represents a column of a table.
DataColumnCollection DataColumnCollection represents a collection of
columns of a table.
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: PerformanceThe
DataRelation, DataRelation
Considerations object
and Data represents a parent/child
Binding
DataRelationCollection
Chapter relationship between two DataTable objects.
20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
Chapter 21 - Messaging DataRelationCollection represents a collection of
DataRelation.
Appendix A - Relational
DataRow, Databases: Some Basic
DataRowCollection Concepts
ADataRow object represents a row of a table, and
DataRowCollection represent a collection of rows.
DataRowView
Index
DataRowView represents a view of DataRow. It's useful
when you want to attach a DataRow with data-bound
List of Figures
controls such as a DataGrid.
List of Tables
ListDataSet
of Listings In ADO.NET, a DataSet object is a replacement of the
List of Sidebars ADO recordset and represents an in-memory cache of
data. A DataSet is a collection of DataTableobjects.
DataTable, ADataTable object represents an in-memory cache of a
DataTableCollection table, and DataTableCollection is a collection of one
or more DataTable objects.
DataView Represents a data-bindable, customized view of a
DataTable for sorting, filtering, searching, editing, and
navigation.
DataViewManager TheDefaultViewManager represents the default view of
aDataSet or DataTableCollection.
TheSystem.Data namespace also defines many enumerations and delegates that we discuss
throughout this chapter.
Once you have an idea
Apress of2003
what classes
(928 pages) the System.Data.Common namespace constaints, you'll have no
problem understanding how
This text to useextensive
provides these classes in aofsample
coverage application.
ADO.NET technology
The System.Data.Common Namespace
ADO.NET.
As its name says, the System.Data.Common namespace contains classes shared by the .NET data
providers. Some of these classes are the base classes for the .NET data provider classes. Table 3-2
Table of Contents
defines some of these classes.
Introduction
Table 3-2: The System.Data.Common Namespace Classes
CLASS
Chapter DESCRIPTION
DataAdapter TheDataAdapter class represents a DataAdapter
that works as a bridge between a data source and
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events DataSet. It implements the Fill and Update
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET methods. The Fill method fills data from a data source
Chapter 7 toData-Bound
- Data Binding and Windows Forms a DataSetControls
using Command objects. This class is a
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations base class for the DbDataAdapter class, which itself is
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling a base class for the OleDbDataAdapter,
SqlDataAdapter,
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider and ODBC DataAdapter classes.
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views These classes are discussed in the "The DataAdapter:
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NETAdapting to Your Environment" section of Chapter 4.
Data Providers
DataColumnMapping If you don't want to use the default column names of a
table tousing ASP.NET
access these columns, you can define your own
names. You map your custom names with the original
column
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data names through DataAdapters and use these
Binding
names in your application. The SourceColumn and
DataSetColumnproperties of this class represent the
source column
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations name
and Data and DataSet column name.
Binding
DataColumnMappingCollection Collection of DataColumnMapping objects.
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: NotesYou
DataTableMapping
Chapter can even map a database table to a DataTable
on Performance
and
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic use this DataTable as the source in your
Concepts
applications. The ColumnMappings property returns
DataColumnMappingCollection for the
DataTable. The DataSetTable and SourceTable
Index
properties represent the DataTable and source tables.
List of Figures
ListDataTableMappingCollection
of Tables Collection of DataTableMapping objects.
List of Listings
DbDataAdapter Inherited from DataAdapter, this class implements the
List of Sidebars
IdbDataAdapter interface. This class is used as the
base class of a data provider's DataAdapterclasses.
DBDataPermission Ensures that data providers have security to access
data. This class is a base class from the
OleDbDataPermission,OdbcDataPermission,
andSqlDataPermission classes.
Working with DataTables
ADataTable object Apressrepresents
2003 (928apages)
database table. A data table is a collection of columns and rows. The
DataRow object Thisrepresents a table row, andcoverage
text provides extensive the DataColumn
of ADO.NET object represents a column or a field of the
technology
table. Assuming you haven't imported, reengineered, or otherwise
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and "inherited" a database and its
DataTables, theinterfaces,
first step and takes a with
to working comprehensive
these threelook at XML
objects is to create a DataTable schema, which is
namespaces and classes, and
defined by the DataColumnCollection how to
object. integrate
You use theboth
Addwithmethod of DataColumnCollection
ADO.NET.
to add columns to the collection. The Columns property of the DataTable object represents the
DataColumnCollection, which is a collection of DataColumn objects in a DataTable. You use a
DataRow
Table object to add data to a DataTable. The DataRowCollection object represents a collection
of Contents
of rows of a DataTable Data-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding object, which can be accessed by its Rows property.
Solutions
Introduction
Figure 3-6 shows the relationship between the DataTable, the DataRow, and the DataColumn.
Figure 3-6: Relationship between the DataTable, the DataRow, and the DataColumn
A database table schema is the structure or design of the table, which includes table columns, their types,
relationships, and constraints. You can view a database schema from the Server Explorer as well as from
Chapter 22 - SQL
other places Server
such and
as the ADO.NET:
SQL Server Notes on Performance
Enterprise Manager or Visio. To view a table schema from the
Server Explorer, Databases:
simply right-clickSome BasicinConcepts
the table the Server Explorer and then click the Design Table menu
Appendix B - see
item. You'll Commonly Used SQL
the Column Name,Statements
Data Type, Length, and Allow Nulls columns. These columns
Appendix C the
represent - ADO.NET Frequently
name, data Asked Questions
type, length, and whether the column allows null values, respectively. The
Columns area represents the properties of a column; you can see and specify the description, default
Index
value,
List formula if any, and other properties of a column.
of Figures
List of Tables
Note A database table column is also called a field.
List of Listings
List
So,ofwhen
Sidebars
we talk about creating a DataTable, we mean building a database table (in memory, of
course) and its schema using the DataTable and the DataColumn objects. Based on a column
requirement, you can also apply constraints on a column. A constraint is a rule that restricts adding
unwanted data to a column. For example, the uniqueness of a column means that a column can't have
duplicate values. You'll see constraints in more detail in Chapter 8. After creating a data table schema, the
next step is to add DataRows to the DataTable. You use DataRows using the DataRow object. A
DataRow object represents a row in a table.
Tip To see data in the Customers table, double-click the Customers table in the Server Explorer.
OK, now you'll learn how to accomplish this task in ADO.NET using the DataTable,DataColumn, and
DataRow objects. First we discuss the DataColumn and the DataRow objects, followed by the
DataRelation and the DataTable objects. Then, you'll create a sample project containing all these
objects to build a DataTable and add data to it programmatically.
The DataColumn
To understand a This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology

DataTable, you must first understand DataRows and DataColumns. As you can see
fromFigure 3-6, the DataColumnCollection type returns
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at aXML
collection of columns that you can access
through the Columns property
namespaces andof classes,
the DataTable.
and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
TheDataColumnCollection object represents a collection of columns attached to a DataTable. You
add a DataColumn to the DataColumnCollection using its Add method. The DataColumn object
Table of Contents
represents a column of a DataTable. For example, say you want to create a Customers table that
consists Data-Driven
of three columns: Solutions
ID, Address, and Name. So, you create three DataColumn objects and add
Introduction
these columns to the DataColumnCollection using the DataTable.Column.Add method.
TheDataColumn
Chapter has some properties.
2 - Data Components These
in Visual Studio properties describe a column, such as its uniqueness,
.NET
what kind of data you can store in that column,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments its default value, its caption, its name, and so on. Table 3-3
describes some of the DataColumn class
members.
Table 3-3: The DataColumn Class Properties
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and DESCRIPTION
PROPERTIES Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
AllowDBNull
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET ExceptionBoth read and write; represents whether the column can store null
Handling
values
Chapter 11 - Stored ProceduresRepresents
AutoIncrement and Views whether column's value is auto increment
AutoIncrementSeed Starting value of auto increment, applicable when AutoIncrement is
True
15 - Using ADO.NET inIndicates
AutoIncrementStep
Chapter Xml Web the increment value
Services
Caption Caption of the column
18 - Object-Relational Represents
ColumnMapping
Chapter the MappingType of the column
Mapping in .NET
ColumnName Name of the column
DataType
Chapter 21 - Messaging Data type stored by the column
DefaultValue Default value of the column
Expression
Appendix Represents
B - Commonly Used SQL the expression used to filter rows, calculate values, and so
Statements
on Asked Questions
Index
MaxLenght Represents maximum length of a text column
List of Figures
ReadOnly
List of Tables Represents if a column is read only
ListUnique
of Listings Indicates whether the values in a column must be unique
List of Sidebars
Creating a DataColumn
TheDataColumn class provides five overloaded constructors to create a DataColumn. By using these
constructors you can initialize a DataColumn with its name, data type, expressions, attributes, and any
combination of these.
This is the format for creating a DataColumn with no arguments:
public DataColumn()
For example:
Dim dtColumn As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
This is the formatincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
for creating a DataColumn with the column name:
ADO.NET.
Public DataColumn(String)
Table of Contents
where String Data-Driven
is the column Solutions
name. For example:
Introduction
// Create Quantity Column
DataColumn qtCol = new DataColumn("Quantity");
This is 5the-format
Chapter for ADO.NET
Handling creating aEvents
DataColumn with the column name and its type:
Chapter
Public 7 DataColumn(String,
Type)
where String
Chapter is thewith
10 - Working column name.NET
the ODBC and Data is the column data type.
TypeProvider
This is the format for creating a DataColumn with the column name, its type, and its expression:
Public DataColumn(String, Type, String)
Chapter 16 -String
where first ASP.NET is
Server Controls
the column and Data
name, TypeBinding
is the data type, and the second String is an expression.
For example:
Dim myDataType and ADO.NET
As System.Type
myDataType
Chapter = System.Type.GetType("System.String")
21 - Messaging
Dim dtColumn
Chapter As DataColumn
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: = NewonDataColumn("Name",myDataType)
Notes Performance
This is the format for creating a DataColumn with the column name, expression, and MappingType:
Index
public DataColumn(String, Type, String, MappingType);
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
where String is the column name, Type is the data type, the second String is an expression, and
List of Sidebars is an attribute.
MappingType
In the following example, strExpr is an expression, which is the result of the Price and the Quantity
column multiplication:
// Creating an expression
string strExpr = "Price * Quantity";
// Create Total Column, which is result of Price*Quantity
DataColumn totCol = new DataColumn("Total", myDataType, strExpr,
MappingType.Attribute);
Note As you can see from the previous code, the expression strExpr is a multiplication of the Price
andQuantity columns. The Price and Quantity columns must exist in the table before you
use them in an expression. Otherwise, the compiler will throw an exception of "column not
found."including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Listing 3-1 summarizes all theand
namespaces constructors.
classes, andAs youtocan
how see, dcConstructorsTest
integrate both with creates the Price,
Quantity, and Total columns of a DataTable, which later is added to a DataSet. The DataSet
ADO.NET.
binds to a DataGrid using the SetDataBinding method.
Table of Contents
Listing 3-1: Creating Columns Using Different DataColumn Constructors
Introduction
Private Sub dcConstructorsTest()
' Create Customers table
ChapterDim2 -custTable
Data Components in Visual Studio
As DataTable = .NET
New DataTable("Customers")
ChapterDim3 -dtSet
ADO.NET Asin Disconnected
DataSet = Environments
New DataSet()
Chapter'4 Create
- ADO.NET in Connected
Price ColumnEnvironments
ChapterDim5 -myDataType
Handling ADO.NET As Events
System.Type
ChaptermyDataType
6 - Integrating
= XML with ADO.NET
System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
ChapterDim7 -priceCol
Data BindingAs andDataColumn
Windows Forms= Data-Bound Controls
New DataColumn("Price", myDataType)
priceCol.Caption = "Price"
ChaptercustTable.Columns.Add(priceCol)
9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling
Chapter'10 Create
- WorkingQuantity
with the ODBCColumn
.NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views= New DataColumn()
Dim qtCol As DataColumn
ChapterqtCol.ColumnName
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and = "Quantity"
Other .NET Data Providers
qtCol.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
qtCol.Caption = "Quantity"
custTable.Columns.Add(qtCol)
' Creating an expression
Dim strExpr As String = "Price * Quantity"
' Create Total Column, which is result of Price*Quantity
ChapterDim18 -totCol
Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Total", myDataType, strExpr, _
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data BindingMappingType.Attribute)
ChaptertotCol.Caption
= "Total"
Chapter'21 - Messaging
Add Name column to the table.
ChaptercustTable.Columns.Add(totCol)
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Appendix' AAdd
- Relational
custTable Databases: Some Basic Concepts
to DataSet
dtSet.Tables.Add(custTable)
Appendix' CBind dataset
- ADO.NET to the
Frequently data
Asked grid
Questions
Index DataGrid1.SetDataBinding(dtSet, "Customers")
End Sub
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
To test this source code, you need to create a Windows application with a form and a DataGrid control
on it. After that you can call dcConstructorsTest from either Form_Load or the button click event
handler:
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

dcConstructorsTest()
End Sub
Setting DataColumn Properties

TheDataColumn class provides properties to set a column type, name, constraints, caption, and so on.
You already saw Applied ADO.NET: Building
a list of DataColumn Data-Driven
properties Solutions
in Table 3-3. You'll now learn how to use these
by Mahesh Chand and
properties to get and set their values. David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Listing 3-2 creates a column
This with aextensive
text provides name IDcoverage
and sets of
itsADO.NET
DataType, ReadOnly,AllowDBNull,Unique,
technology
AutoIncrement, including ADO.NET internals,and
AutoIncremetnSeed, namespaces, classes, and properties.
AutoIncrementStep
namespaces
Listing 3-2: Creating and classes,
a DataColumn andand how toIts
Setting integrate both with
Properties
ADO.NET.
Dim IdCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()

Table of Contents
IdCol.ColumnName = "ID"
IdCol.DataType Data-Driven Solutions
= Type.GetType("System.Int32")
Introduction
IdCol.ReadOnly = True
IdCol.AllowDBNull = False
IdCol.Unique = True in Visual Studio .NET
IdCol.AutoIncrement
Chapter = True Environments
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected
IdCol.AutoIncrementSeed
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected=Environments
1
IdCol.AutoIncrementStep
Chapter = 1
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events
As you can see from Listing 3-2, this code sets the AutoIncrement property as True along with the
AutoIncrementSeed and AutoIncrementStep properties. The AutoIncrement property sets a
column value as an auto number. When you add a new row to the table, the value of this column is
Chapter 11 automatically
assigned - Stored Procedures and Views
depending on the values of AutoIncrementStep and AutoIncrementSeed.
The first value of the column starts with.NET Data Providers
AutoIncrementSeed, and the next value will be the previous
Chapter
column13 - Developing
value added toathe
Custom Data Provider
AutoIncrementStep. In this code, the ID number value starts with 1 and
Chapter 14 -byDeveloping
increases Database
1 if you add Webto
a new row Applications
the table. Ifusing
you ASP.NET
set the AutoIncrementStep value to 10, the
Chapter
value of15the
- Using ADO.NETcolumn
auto number in Xml Web Services by 10.
will increase
Having17
Chapter a primary key
- Building in a tableWeb
Real-World is a common practice to maintaining the data's integrity. A primary key in a
Applications
table is a unique key that identifies a DataRow. For example, in the Customers table, each customer
should have a unique ID. So, it's always a good idea to apply a primary key constraint on the ID table. The
propertiesAllowDBNull as False and Unique as True set a key value as the primary key, and you
use the PrimaryKey property of a DataTable to assign a DataTable's primary key. Listing 3-2 shows
theAllowDBNull as False and the Unique property as True. Now you'll set DataTable's
PrimaryKey property as the ID column (see Listing 3-3).
Appendix B - Commonly
Listing 3-3: Setting a Used SQL Statements
DataColumn as the Primary Key
Index
' Make the ID column the primary key column.
List
Dim of Figures
PrimaryKeyColumns() As DataColumn = New DataColumn(1) {}
List of Tables
PrimaryKeyColumns(0) = custTable.Columns("ID")
List of Listings
custTable.PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns
List of Sidebars
Adding a DataColumn to a DataTable

You add a DataColumn to a DataTable using the DataTable.Column.Add method. The Add
method takes one argument of the DataColumn type. Listing 3-4 creates two data columns, Id and
Name, and adds them to the DataTable custTable.
Listing 3-4: Creating the Id and Name Data Columns of the Customers Table
Dim custTable As DataTable = New DataTable("Customers")

Dim IdCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
custTable.Columns.Add(IdCol)
by Mahesh
Dim nameCol As Chand and
DataColumn = David Talbot
New DataColumn() ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
custTable.Columns.Add(nameCol) pages)
Now you'll put allADO.NET.
the pieces together (see Listing 3-5). In Listing 3-5, you create a Customers table with
the columns ID, Name, Address, DOB (date of birth), and VAR where ID is a primary key. Name and
Address are string types. DOB is a date type field, and VAR is a Boolean type field.
Table of Contents
ListingADO.NETBuilding
Applied 3-5: Creating a Table UsingSolutions
Data-Driven DataTable and DataColumn
Introduction
Chapter
Private1 -Sub
ADO.NET Basics
CreateCustTable()
Chapter'2 Create
a new DataTable
ChapterDim
3 -custTable
ADO.NET in Disconnected
As DataTableEnvironments
= New DataTable("Customers")
Chapter'4 Create
- ADO.NET
ID inColumn
ChapterDim
5 -IdCol
HandlingAs DataColumn
ADO.NET Events = New DataColumn()
ChapterIdCol.ColumnName = "ID"
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
ChapterIdCol.DataType = Windows
7 - Data Binding and Type.GetType("System.Int32")
ChapterIdCol.ReadOnly
8 - Constraints and=Data
TrueRelations
ChapterIdCol.AllowDBNull
9 - ADO.NET Exception =Handling
False
IdCol.Unique = True
IdCol.AutoIncrement = True
IdCol.AutoIncrementSeed = 1
IdCol.AutoIncrementStep = 1
custTable.Columns.Add(IdCol)
' Create Name Column
ChapterDim15 -nameCol
As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
ChapternameCol.ColumnName
= "Name"
ChapternameCol.DataType
17 - Building Real-World= Web Applications
Type.GetType("System.String")
ChaptercustTable.Columns.Add(nameCol)
18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Chapter'19 - Mapped
Create Objects: Performance
Address Column Considerations and Data Binding
ChapterDim20 -addCol
COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
ChapteraddCol.ColumnName
21 - Messaging = "Address"
ChapteraddCol.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String")
AppendixcustTable.Columns.Add(addCol)
A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Appendix' BCreate DOB Used
- Commonly Column
SQL Statements
Dim dobCol As DataColumn
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently = New DataColumn()
Asked Questions
Index
dobCol.ColumnName = "DOB"
dobCol.DataType = Type.GetType("System.DateTime")
List of Figures
custTable.Columns.Add(dobCol)
List of Tables
' VAR Column
List of Listings
Dim fullTimeCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
List of Sidebars
fullTimeCol.ColumnName = "VAR"
fullTimeCol.DataType = Type.GetType("System.Boolean")
custTable.Columns.Add(fullTimeCol)
Dim PrimaryKeyColumns() As DataColumn = New DataColumn(1) {}
PrimaryKeyColumns(0) = custTable.Columns("ID")
' Create a dataset
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Customers")
' Add Customers table to the dataset
ds.Tables.Add(custTable)
' Attach the dataset to a DataGrid
dataGrid1.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager
End Sub Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Note To test including ADO.NET
this program, internals,
create namespaces,
a Windows classes,
application and a DataGrid control to the form.
and add
The output of Listing 3-5 looks like Figure 3-7, which shows a table with empty columns in a DataGrid
ADO.NET.
controlempty columns in a DataGrid control.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 3-7: The DataGrid view of an empty DataTable
More 12
Chapter DataColumn Properties
- Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
You just saw some common properties of the DataColumn class, and you learned how to create and add
aDataColumn to a DataTable. But guess what? DataColumn isn't finished yet. It has more to offer.
Now let's see the remaining properties of DataColumn.
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World
TheColumnMapping property Web Applications represents how a DataColumn is mapped in a DataSet
of DataColumn
Chapter
and how18the
- Object-Relational Mapping
value of the column in .NET
will be written when a DataSet is saved in XML format using the
Chapter 19 - method
WriteXml Mapped Objects: Performance
of DataSet. Considerations and
The ColumnMapping Data
takes Binding
a value of MappingType enumeration.
TheMappingType
Chapter enumerationand
20 - COM Interoperability hasADO.NET
four values: Attribute,Element,Hidden, and
SimpleContent,
Chapter which are mapped to an XML attribute, element, internal structure, and XmlText
21 - Messaging
(respectively).
Chapter 22 - SQL Listing
Server3-6and
shows you how
ADO.NET: to use
Notes the ColumnMapping property.
on Performance
Listing 3-6: Using the ColumnMapping Property of DataColumn
Index
Dim
List nameCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Name", _
of Figures
Type.GetType("System.Int32"),
List of Tables MappingType.Attribute)
nameCol.DataType
List of Listings = Type.GetType("System.String")
nameCol.ColumnMapping = MappingType.Element
List of Sidebars
custTable.Columns.Add(nameCol)
DataGrid1.DataSource = custTable
So far you saw how to create a new table column, set its various properties, and add it to a table. But what
if you wanted to store some custom information about a column, such as a description? Guess what? You
can do it. The Extended-Properties property of DataColumn lets you read and write custom
properties about a DataColumn. The ExtendedProperties property takes a value of type
PropertyCollection, which is inherited from the HashTable class. A hash table is a table that stores
data in a key/value pair. The PropertyCollection class defines methods to add, clear, and remover
properties to a collection. Some of the PropertyCollection class properties are Count,
IsFixedSize,IsReadOnly,IsSynchronized,Item,Keys, and Values.Listing 3-7 creates a
column and addsApplied ADO.NET:
four custom Building
properties to it. Data-Driven
After that, theSolutions
code removes the Description property
and displays the rest of the properties using the ExtendedProperties property of DataColumn.
Listing 3-7: Adding
This and
text Removing Custom
provides extensive Properties
Dim custTablenamespaces
As DataTable = New
and classes, DataTable("Customers")
ADO.NET.
Dim nameCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Name", _
Type.GetType("System.Int32"), MappingType.Attribute)
' Add custom properties
Table of Contents
nameCol.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String")
nameCol.ExtendedProperties.Add("Description", "The Name Column")
Introduction
nameCol.ExtendedProperties.Add("Author", "Mahesh Chand")
nameCol.ExtendedProperties.Add("UserId", "MCB")
nameCol.ExtendedProperties.Add("PWD", "Password")
Chapter
' Remove4 - ADO.NET
Author inproperty
nameCol.ExtendedProperties.Remove("Author")
Chapter
' Read 6 custom
properties
Dim str
Chapter 7 -AsDataString
Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Dim i8 As- Constraints
Chapter Integer and Data Relations
str = nameCol.ExtendedProperties("Description").ToString()
str =10str
Chapter + ", with
- Working " +the
nameCol.ExtendedProperties("UserId").ToString()
ODBC .NET Data Provider
str = str + ", " + nameCol.ExtendedProperties("PWD").ToString()
MessageBox.Show(str)
Chapter 15 - Using
TheOrdinal ADO.NET
property in only)
(read Xml Web Services
of DataColumn returns the position of a column in a
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls
DataColumnCollection, and the MaxLengthand Data Binding
(get and set both types) property represents the
Chapter
maximum17 -length
Building
of Real-World Web Applications
a column. Listing 3-8 shows how to use the Ordinal and MaxLength properties.
Listing19
Chapter 3-8: Using the
- Mapped Ordinal
Objects: and MaxLength
Performance Properties
Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 22 - SQL Server
Dim nameCol and ADO.NET:= Notes
As DataColumn New on Performance
DataColumn("Name", _
Type.GetType("System.Int32"), Concepts
MappingType.Attribute)
nameCol
Appendix C -=ADO.NET
New DataColumn()
nameCol.DataType = Type.GetType("System.String")
Index
nameCol.Caption
List of Figures = "New Column"
nameCol.ColumnName
List of Tables = "Col2"
nameCol.MaxLength
List of Listings = 240
List of Sidebars
Dim str As String
str = "Ordinal " + nameCol.Ordinal.ToString()
str = str + " ,Length " + nameCol.MaxLength.ToString()
The DataRow
ADataRow represents a row of data in a DataTable. You add data to the DataTable using the
DataRow object. A DataRowCollection object represents a collection of DataRows of a DataTable.
You use the DataTable'sNewRow method to return a DataRow object, add values to the DataRow, and
add the row to theApplied ADO.NET:
DataTable againBuilding
by usingData-Driven Solutions Add method.
DataRowCollection's
Table 3-4 describes
Apress
DataRow class
2003 (928 properties, and Table 3-5 describes the methods.
pages)
including Class
Table 3-4: The DataRow ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Properties
PROPERTY namespaces
DESCRIPTION and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Item Represents an item of a row
of Contents Represents all values in a row

ItemArray
Table
RowState Indicates the current state of a row
Introduction
Table
Chapter 1 Returns
- ADO.NET Basicsthe DataTable to which this row is attached
Table 3-5:
Chapter 4 - The DataRow
ADO.NET Class Methods
in Connected Environments
Chapter
METHOD5 - Handling ADO.NET Events
DESCRIPTION
7 - Data BindingCommits
AcceptChanges
Chapter all theForms
and Windows changes made toControls
Data-Bound this row
BeginEdit Starts an edit operation on a row
CancelEdit
Chapter Cancels
10 - Working with the.NET
the ODBC current
Dataedit on a row
Provider
Chapter
Delete11 - Stored Procedures
Deletesand Views
a DataRow
EndEdit
Chapter Ends
13 - Developing a the current
Custom edit on a row
Data Provider
Chapter 14 - Developing Database
GetChildRows Web rows
Returns child Applications using ASP.NET
of a DataRow
GetParentRows Returns parent rows of a DataRow.
RejectChanges Rejects Web Applications
all the changes made since last AcceptChanges
You access
Chapter DataRow
20 - COM membersand
Interoperability through the DataTable columns. A column acts as an item of the row.
ADO.NET
For example,
Chapter if a DataTable has three columns such as Id, Name, and Address, then a row will have
21 - Messaging
three members: Id, Name, and Address. You access DataTable members using the column names. For
example,Listing 3-9 sets values of the Id, Name, and Address columns.
Listing 3-9: Used
Setting the SQL Statements
Values of the Id, Address, and Name Columns of a DataRow
Index
Dim row1 As DataRow = custTable.NewRow()
List of Figures
row1("id") = 1001
List of Tables
row1("Address") = "43 Lanewood Road, Cito, CA"
List of Listings
row1("Name") = "George Bishop "
List of Sidebars
After setting a row member's values, you add the row to the row collection with the
DataTable.Rows.Add method. The following code adds a row to the collection:
custTable.Rows.Add(row1)
TheRejectChanges method of the DataRow rejects recent changes on that row. For example, if you
have recently added row1 to the DataTable, then calling the RejectChanges method as follows:
row1.RejectChanges()
won't add the rowApress
to theDataTable.
2003 (928 pages)
You can also delete a rowADO.NET
including from a DataTable by calling the
internals, namespaces, classes, and Delete method:
DataRow's
Row1.Delete()ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Caution
Applied TheRejectChanges
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Drivenand Delete methods may not work together if you're applying both
Solutions
Introduction methods on the same row because RejectChanges doesn't add a row to the DataTable.
Listing 3-10 shows a program that creates a DataTable with three columns (Id, Name, and Address) and
adds three rows to the DataTable. At the end, this program attaches the newly created DataTable to a
DataGrid control using a DataSet.
Chapter
Listing53-10:
- Handling
AddingADO.NET
Rows toEvents
a DataTable Using DataRow
' This method creates Customers table
Private and Data Relations
Sub CreateCustomersTable()
Chapter'9 Create
a new DataTable.
ChapterDim10 -custTable
Working with As
System.Data.DataTable = New DataTable("Customers")
ChapterDim11 -dtColumn
As DataColumn
Chapter'12 - Oracle,id
Create SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Column.
ChapterdtColumn
13 - Developing
= Newa Custom Data Provider
DataColumn()
ChapterdtColumn.DataType
14 - Developing Database = Web
Applications using ASP.NET
ChapterdtColumn.ColumnName
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml = Web"id"
Services
ChapterdtColumn.Caption = "Cust
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and ID"
Data Binding
ChapterdtColumn.ReadOnly
17 - Building Real-World=Web True
Applications
ChapterdtColumn.Unique
18 - Object-Relational=Mapping
True in .NET
' Add id Column to the DataColumnCollection.
custTable.Columns.Add(dtColumn)
' Create Name column.
dtColumn = New DataColumn()
dtColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.String")
dtColumn.ColumnName = "Name"
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL
dtColumn.Caption Statements
= "Cust Name"
AppendixdtColumn.AutoIncrement =Questions
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked False
Index dtColumn.ReadOnly = False
List of Figures
dtColumn.Unique = False
List of Tables
' Add Name column to the table.
List of Listings
' Create Address column.
List of Sidebars
dtColumn.ColumnName = "Address"
dtColumn.Caption = "Address"
dtColumn.ReadOnly = False
' Add Address column to the table.
PrimaryKeyColumns(0) = custTable.Columns("id")
Appliedthe
' Instantiate ADO.NET:
DataSet Building Data-Driven Solutions
variable.
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Customers")Talbot ISBN:1590590732
' Add the custTable to the DataSet.
ds.Tables.Add(custTable)
' Add rows including ADO.NET
to the internals,using
custTable namespaces,
its classes,
NewRowand method
' I add three customers
namespaces and classes, with thier
and how addresses,
to integrate name and id
both with
Dim row1 ADO.NET.
As DataRow = custTable.NewRow()
row1("id") = 1001
row1("Address") = "43 Lanewood Road, Cito, CA"
Table of Contents
row1("Name") = "George Bishop "
AppliedcustTable.Rows.Add(row1)
Introduction
Dim row2 As DataRow = custTable.NewRow()
Chapterrow2("id")
1 - ADO.NET = Basics
1002
Chapterrow2("Name")
2 - Data Components
= "Rock in Visual
JoeStudio
" .NET
Chapterrow2("Address") = "KingEnvironments
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected of Prusssia, PA"
ChaptercustTable.Rows.Add(row2)
ChapterDim
5 -row3 AsADO.NET
Handling DataRow = custTable.NewRow()
Events
Chapterrow3("id")
6 - Integrating= XML
1003 with ADO.NET
Chapterrow3("Name")
7 - Data Binding=and "Miranda
Windows Forms " Data-Bound Controls
row3("Address") = "279
P. Avenue, Bridgetown, PA"
custTable.Rows.Add(row3)
'row3.RejectChanges()
'row2.Delete()
' Bind dataset to the data grid
dataGrid1.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager
Chapter
End Sub13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
Caution
Chapter As youReal-World
17 - Building can see from
WebListing 3-10, the Id column of the Customers table is read only (the
Applications
ReadOnly property
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational is True).
Mapping in .NETThat means you won't be able to add data to the table. If you
want toObjects:
Chapter 19 - Mapped add data from the front
Performance end, you need
Considerations and to setBinding
Data the ReadOnly property to False.
The output of the program looks like Figure 3-8.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 3-8: ADataTable with three rows
Note To run this program, create a Windows application and drop a DataGrid control on the form.
After that you can either call CreateCustomersTable in Listing 3-3 from the form's Load
event or from a button click handler.You can write a Load event by double-clicking on the form
or by opening the Properties window.
If you uncomment row3.RejectChanges() and row2.Delete() at the end of Listing 3-10, the
RejectChanges method rejects the addition of row 3, and the Delete method deletes row 2.
by Mahesh
Listing 3-11: Calling Chand RejectChanges
DataRow's and David Talbot and Delete Methods
ISBN:1590590732
row2.Delete()interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
TheDataRowState enumeration returns the current state of a row. It's useful during operations when
Table of Contents
you want to know the current state of a row. Table 3-6 lists the values of the DataRowState
enumeration.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - The
Table 3-6: ADO.NET Basics
DataRowState Enumeration Members
MEMBER
Chapter DESCRIPTION
Chapter
Added 4 - ADO.NET
Rowinhas
been added, and AcceptChanges has not been called.
Deleted
Chapter Row was
6 - Integrating XML deleted using the Delete method.
with ADO.NET
Detached Row wasandcreated
WindowsbutForms Data-Bound
deleted Controls
before it was added to the collection.
Modified
Chapter RowException
9 - ADO.NET has beenHandling
modified, but AcceptChanges has not been called yet.
Unchanged with
Row the
has ODBC
not .NET Data
changed sinceProvider
the last AcceptChanges was called.
TheRowState
Chapter propertya of
13 - Developing a DataRow
Custom returns the DataRowState enumeration. You can use this to find
Data Provider
out the14
Chapter current state of Database
- Developing a row. ForWeb
example, Listing
Applications 3-12ASP.NET
using calls RowState just after the Delete and
RejectChanges
Chapter methods.in Xml Web Services
15 - Using ADO.NET
Listing 3-12: Calling the RowState Property
MessageBox.Show(row2.RowState.ToString())
row2.Delete()
MessageBox.Show(row3.RowState.ToString())
The DataRelation
Index
List of Figures
To provide data integrity and consistency, you should use relationships between two tables. You achieve
List of Tables
this relationship by defining a primary key in one table and using a foreign key in the other table. Say a
List of Listings
customer has multiple orders; the Customers table stores the customer details, and the Orders table
List of Sidebars
stores all the order details. To avoid the redundancy of data, you define the primary key of the Customers
table as a foreign key in the Orders table.
Note In general this relationship is called the parent/child,ormaster/details, relationship.
In this example, the Customers table is also the parent table, and the Orders table is also the child table.
TheParentRelations property of DataTable represents the parent relationship, and
ChildRelations represents the child relationship.
Caution The data type of both columns, which you're linking through a relationship in the Customers
and the Orders tables, must be identical.
You can also access this relationship though a DataSet using its Relations property. To create a
relationship between two columns, you create two DataColumn objects and pass them as
DataRelation Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
arguments.
Apress
Listing 3-13 shows you how to(928
2003 create a customer/order relationship between the Customers and Orders
pages)
table through theThis
Customers table's
text provides id column,
extensive referenced
coverage as CustId
of ADO.NET in the Orders table. The
technology
DataRelation including ADO.NET
constructor internals,
takes three namespaces,
arguments: classes,
the name and relationship, the first DataColumn,
of the
interfaces, andAfter
and the second DataColumn. takesthat
you call DataTable's ParentRelation.Add method with
as an argument. (Listing 3-15 shows the full source code of this example.) In this code,
DataRelation ADO.NET.
dtSet is a DataSet object, which we discuss in the following section.
Listing
Table 3-13: Creating a Customer/Order Relationship Using DataRelation
of Contents
Introduction
Private Sub BindData()
ChapterDim
1 -dtRelation
ADO.NET BasicsAs DataRelation
ChapterDim
2 -CustCol
As DataColumn .NET
= dtSet.Tables("Customers").Columns("id")
ChapterDim
3 -orderCol
ADO.NET in As DataColumn
Disconnected = dtSet.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustId")
Environments
ChapterdtRelation
4 - ADO.NET =
in New DataRelation("CustOrderRelation",
Connected Environments CustCol, orderCol)
ChapterdtSet.Tables("Orders").ParentRelations.Add(dtRelation)
ChapterdataGrid1.SetDataBinding(dtSet,"Customers")
End Sub
The DataTable
In the previous
Chapter sectionsa you've
13 - Developing Customseen
Datathat columns and rows are the building blocks of a DataTable. You
Provider
need to work with the DataColumn and DataRow objects to create DataTables and add data to them.
Besides creating a DataTable schema and adding rows to it, a DataTable has more to offer. The
DataTable object represents a DataTable.
Chapter 17 -take
First you'll Building Real-World
a look Web Applications
at the DataTable class properties and methods. Table 3-7 describes some
Chapter
common 18DataTable
properties, andin .NET3-8 summarizes some of the common DataTable methods.
Table
Chapter 20 - The
Table 3-7: COMDataTable
Interoperability
ClassandProperties
ADO.NET
PROPERTIES DESCRIPTION
Appendix
ColumnsA - Relational Databases: Some
Represents allBasic
tableConcepts
columns
Constraints Represents all table constaints
Index
DataSet Returns the DataSet for the table
List of Figures
DefaultView Customized view of the DataTable
List of Tables
ListChildRelation
of Listings Returns child relations for the DataTable
List of Sidebars
ParentRelation Returns parent relations for the DataTable
PrimaryKey Represents an array of columns that function as primary key for the table
Rows All rows of the DataTable
TableName Name of the table
Table 3-8: The DataTable Class Methods

METHOD DESCRIPTION
AcceptChanges Commits all the changes made since the last AcceptChanges was called
Clear Deletes
This text all DataTable
provides data of ADO.NET technology
extensive coverage
Clone Creates
interfaces, and a clone
takes of a datatable including
a comprehensive its schema
look at XML
Copy Copies a DataTable including its schema
ADO.NET.
NewRow Creates a new row, which is later added by calling the Rows.Addmethod
Table of Contents
RejectChanges Rejects all changes made after the last AcceptChanges was called
Reset
Introduction Resets a DataTable's original state
Chapter
Select1 - ADO.NET Basics
Gets an array of rows based on the criteria
TheDataTable
Chapter classinprovides
4 - ADO.NET methods
Connected and properties to remove, copy, and clone data tables. Not only
Environments
that, but
Chapter 5 you can alsoADO.NET
- Handling apply filters on a DataTable. The Constraints property provides access to all
Events
the constraints
Chapter that a DataTable
6 - Integrating has. You can also access the child/parent relationship using
XML with ADO.NET
ChildRelation
Chapter and ParentRelation.
7 - Data Binding and Windows FormsNow we'll create
Data-Bound two tables-Customers and Orders-and set a
Controls
relationship
Chapter between them.
8 - Constraints To test
and Data this application, you build a Windows application using Visual Basic and
Relations
add a DataGrid control to the form. After that you call the CreateCustomersTable,
CreateOrdersTable, and BindData methods from the form constructor after
InitializeComonent. The form constructor looks like Listing 3-14.
Chapter
Listing12 - Oracle,
3-14: Form'sSQLXML, and Other
Constructor .NET Data
Calling Providers
CreateCustomersTable, CreateOrdersTable, and
BindData
ChapterCreateCustomersTable()
17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
ChapterCreateOrdersTable()
ChapterBindData()
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
End Sub20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
You alsoBneed
Appendix to add aUsed
- Commonly DataSet variable, dtSet, in the beginning of your form:
SQL Statements
Public Class Form1
Index
Inherits
List of Figures System.Windows.Forms.Form
Private
List of Tables dtSet As System.Data.DataSet
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In Listing 3-15, the CreateCustomersTable method creates the Customers data table with Id, Name,
and Address columns and adds three data rows to it. The CreateOrdersTable method creates the
Orders table with OrderId, CustId, Name, and Description columns and adds data to it. The BindData
method creates a customer/orders relationship and binds the data to a DataGrid control using
DataSet.
Listing 3-15: Customer/Orders Relationship Example
Private Sub CreateCustomersTable()

' Create a new DataTable.
Dim custTable As System.Data.DataTable = New DataTable("Customers")
' Create id, Name, and Address Columns and
' add these columns to custTable
' See source Applied ADO.NET:
code Building Data-Driven Solutions
for details
' Make the ID column theDavid
by Mahesh Chand and Talbot key column.
primary ISBN:1590590732
This text provides extensive
PrimaryKeyColumns(0) coverage of ADO.NET technology
= custTable.Columns("id")
custTable.PrimaryKey = PrimaryKeyColumns namespaces, classes, and
' Instantiate the and
namespaces DataSet variable.
classes, and how to integrate both with
dtSet = New DataSet("Customers")
ADO.NET.
' Add the custTable to the DataSet.
Table of ' Contents
Add rows to the custTable using its NewRow method
Applied'ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
I add three customers with thier addresses, name and id
Introduction
' See source code for details
Chapter
End1 Sub - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - Data
' This Components
method creates in Visual
Orders Studio .NET with
table
Private
Chapter Sub CreateOrdersTable()
Chapter'4 Create
- ADO.NETOrders table.
ChapterDim5 -ordersTable
Handling ADO.NET AsEvents
DataTable = New DataTable("Orders")
Chapter'6 Create OrderId,
- Integrating XML with Name,
ADO.NET CustId, Description columns
Chapter'7 Add them
- Data to and
Binding ordersTable
' See source code for more details
' Add ordersTable to the dataset
dtSet.Tables.Add(ordersTable)
' Add two rows to Customer Id 1001
dtRow = ordersTable.NewRow()
dtRow("OrderId") = 0
ChapterdtRow("Name")
13 - Developing a Custom
= "ASPData Book"Provider
ChapterdtRow("CustId")
14 - Developing Database= 1001 Web Applications using ASP.NET
ChapterdtRow("Description")
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
= "Same Day"
ChapterordersTable.Rows.Add(dtRow)
ChapterdtRow
= ordersTable.NewRow()
ChapterdtRow("OrderId")
18 - Object-Relational Mapping
= 1 in .NET
ChapterdtRow("Name")
19 - Mapped Objects: = "C# Book" Considerations and Data Binding
Performance
ChapterdtRow("CustId") = 1001
ChapterdtRow("Description")
21 - Messaging = "2 Day Air"
ChapterordersTable.Rows.Add(dtRow)
Appendix' AAdd two rows
- Relational to Customer
Databases: Some Basic Id 1002
Concepts
dtRow("Name") = "Data Quest"
Index
dtRow("Description") = "Monthly Magazine"
List of Figures
dtRow("CustId") = 1002
List of Tables
ordersTable.Rows.Add(dtRow)
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
dtRow("Name") = "PC Magazine"
' Add two rows to Customer Id 1003
dtRow("Name") = "PC Magazine"
Applied ADO.NET:
dtRow("OrderId") = 5 Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
dtRow("Name") = "C# Book" and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
dtRow("CustId") = 1003 (928 pages)
dtRow("Description") = "2 Day coverage
Air" of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
ordersTable.Rows.Add(dtRow) internals, namespaces, classes, and
End Sub namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
' This method creates a customer order relationship and binds data tables
' to the data grid cotnrol using dataset.
TablePrivate
of Contents
Sub BindData()
AppliedDim
ADO.NETBuilding
dtRelation Data-Driven Solutions
As DataRelation
Introduction
Dim CustCol As DataColumn = dtSet.Tables("Customers").Columns("id")
ChapterDim
1 -orderCol
ADO.NET Basics
As DataColumn = dtSet.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustId")
ChapterdtRelation
3 - ADO.NET =
in New DataRelation("CustOrderRelation",
Disconnected Environments CustCol, orderCol)
ChapterdtSet.Tables("Orders").ParentRelations.Add(dtRelation)
ChapterDataGrid1.SetDataBinding(dtSet,
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events "Customers")
End6 Sub
Chapter - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Listing 3-15 shows all three CreateCustomerTable,CreateOrdersTable, and BindData methods.
Chapter
As you 11
can- Stored Procedures
see from and Views
the CreateCustomersTable method in Listing 3-15, it creates the Customers
table using
Chapter 12 - DataTable andand
Oracle, SQLXML, adds the Id,
Other .NETName
Data and Address columns to the table. You use DataColumn
Providers
to add these
Chapter columns. The
13 - Developing Id column
a Custom has properties such as ReadOnly and Unique. As discussed
Data Provider
earlier,14
Chapter to add a columnDatabase
- Developing to a DataTable, you create
Web Applications usingaASP.NET
DataColumn object, set its properties, and then
call the15
Chapter DataTable.Coumns.Add method.
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Similar to the id column, you add two more columns, Name
Services
and Address,
Chapter of string
16 - ASP.NET type to
Server the table.
Controls and After that you make the id column the primary key by setting
Data Binding
DataTable.PrimaryKey
Chapter as Web
17 - Building Real-World the idApplications
column:
PrimaryKeyColumns(0)
Chapter = custTable.Columns("id")
custTable.PrimaryKey
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability= and
PrimaryKeyColumns
ADO.NET
After creating a DataTable you add it to a DataSet using the DataSet.Tables.Addmethod. This
method takes one argument of type DataTable:
dtSet = New DataSet("Customers")
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List
Now,of Listings
the last step is to add data to DataTable. You add data using DataRow. First, you create a
List object using DataTable'sNewRow method, add data to a DataRow's items, and add DataRow
of Sidebars
DataRow
to the DataTable using the DataTable.Rows.Add method. You'll follow the same method for the
second table in CreateOrdersTable to create the Orders table. The Orders table has the fields
OrderId, Name, Description, and CustId. The BindData method creates a relationship by using
DataRelation and binds the id column of the Customers tables to the CustId column of the Orders
table. The name of the relationship is CustOrderRelation. After that you bind DataTable to the
DataGrid using the SetDataBinding method.
The output of Listing 3-15 looks like Figure 3-9.

ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure 3-9: A DataGrid with data relations
Introduction
Chapter 1
If you click-the
ADO.NET Basics
CustOrderRelation link, the output looks like Figure 3-10.
Figure 3-10: Orders record for Customers id 1001
Chapter
As you 16
can- ASP.NET
see fromServer
FigureControls and Data Binding
3-10,DataGrid shows all the orders for Customer id 1001.
More DataTable Operations
Adding and deleting are two common operations when working with databases. You've already learned
Chapter 21 -to
about how Messaging
add data to a DataTable using a DataRow. In this section you'll see how to add, delete,
sort, and search and ADO.NET: Notes
data programmatically. on Performance
You'll keep all data in memory in the form of DataTables, but
Appendix A -see
you'll also Relational
a SaveDatabases: Some
option, which willBasic
saveConcepts
data in XML format. This is a simple Windows Forms
application.
The first step is to build a GUI (see Figure 3-11). To build this GUI, you create a Windows Application
Index
project. After that, add a DataGrid control, four Button controls, seven TextBox controls, five
List of Figures
GroupBox controls, and some Label controls. Then adjust them on your form. You can also change the
List of Tables
background color of the controls.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 3 - 3-11: Add,
ADO.NET indelete, sort, and
Disconnected search operations in a DataTable
Environments
In this application,
Chapter 5
we show you all basic common operations such as adding, deleting, sorting, and
searching rows. The Add Row button reads the name and address, adds a new row in the DataTable,
and displays the added row in the DataGrid. The Delete Rows button deletes rows based on the entered
criteria. To delete rows, you enter the column name and value, and the Delete Rows button will delete all
the rows that meet the criteria. The Search button reads column name and values entered in the text
boxes and returns data that matches the criteria. The Apply Sort button reads a column and sorts rows
Chapter
based on10 that
- Working with
column. theSave
The ODBCmethod
.NET Data Provider
saves the current data of the DataTable to an XML document.
Note
Chapter 12 You don'tSQLXML,
- Oracle, have to create the .NET
and Other sameData
formProviders
as shown in Figure 3-11. The only thing you need to
Chapter 13 have is a DataGrid
- Developing a Customwith
Datathe same number of TextBox and Button controls.
Provider
Now, you change the names of the form controls and add the DataSet variable dtSet and the
DataTable variable custTable to the beginning of the form. Besides the variables defined for the
controls (see the MoreDataTableOpsSamp sample available with the source code for details), add two
variables of type DataTable and DataSet, as shown in Listing 3-16.
Chapter
Listing19 - Mapped
3-16: Objects:
Class-Level Performanceand
DataTable Considerations and Data Binding
DataSet Variables
Private custTable As DataTable
Chapter
Private22 -dtSet
SQL Server
As and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
DataSet
Now you create the Customers table with three columns: id, Name, and Address. You've already learned
Index
how
List of to add columns to a DataTable using a DataColumn and binding it to a DataGrid. The
Figures
CreateCustomersTable
List of Tables method creates the Customers table. After creating the Customers table, you
addofthe
List DataTable to the DataSet using the DataSet.Tables.Add method. The
Listings
CreateCustomersTable
List of Sidebars method looks like Listing 3-17.
Listing 3-17: The CreateCustomersTable Method
' This method creates Customers table

Private Sub CreateCustomersTable()
' Create a new DataTable.
custTable = New DataTable("Customers")
Dim dtColumn As DataColumn
' Create id Column
dtColumn.DataType = System.Type.GetType("System.Int32")
dtColumn.ColumnName = "id"
Applied ADO.NET: Building
dtColumn.AutoIncrement = True Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
dtColumn.AutoIncrementSeed and David
= Talbot
100 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
dtColumn.AutoIncrementStep = 1 pages)
This text provides
dtColumn.Caption = "Custextensive
ID"coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
dtColumn.ReadOnly = True internals, namespaces, classes, and
dtColumn.Unique
namespaces= and Trueclasses, and how to integrate both with
' Add id ADO.NET.
Column to the DataColumnCollection.
' Create Name column.
Table ofdtColumn
Contents = New DataColumn()
ApplieddtColumn.DataType
= System.Type.GetType("System.String")
Introduction
dtColumn.ColumnName = "Name"
ChapterdtColumn.Caption
1 - ADO.NET Basics = "Cust Name"
ChapterdtColumn.AutoIncrement
2 - Data Components in Visual=Studio False.NET
ChapterdtColumn.ReadOnly
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected = False Environments
ChapterdtColumn.Unique
4 - ADO.NET in Connected= False Environments
Chapter'5 Add Name column
- Handling to the table.
ADO.NET Events
ChaptercustTable.Columns.Add(dtColumn)
Chapter'7 Create Address
- Data Binding column.Forms Data-Bound Controls
and Windows
dtColumn.ColumnName = "Address"
dtColumn.Caption = "Address"
dtColumn.ReadOnly = False
Chapter'13 - Developing
Add Addressa Custom
columnData to Provider
the table.
ChaptercustTable.Columns.Add(dtColumn)
Chapter'15 - Using
Make the ADO.NET in Xml Web
ID column theServices
primary key column.
ChapterDim
16 -PrimaryKeyColumns()
ASP.NET Server Controls andAs Data Binding
DataColumn = New DataColumn(1) {}
ChapterPrimaryKeyColumns(0)
17 - Building Real-World Web=Applications
custTable.Columns("id")
ChaptercustTable.PrimaryKey
18 - Object-Relational Mapping = in .NET
PrimaryKeyColumns
Chapter'19Instantiate
- Mapped Objects:thePerformance
DataSet Considerations
variable. and Data Binding
ChapterdtSet
20 - COM= New DataSet("Customers")
Interoperability and ADO.NET
Chapter'21Add the custTable to the DataSet.
- Messaging
ChapterdtSet.Tables.Add(custTable)
RefreshData()
End Sub
Index
List
At of
theFigures
end of the CreateCustomersTable method you call the RefreshData method, which refreshes
List of Tables
theDataGrid contents and fills them with the current data of the DataTable by setting DataGrid's
List of Listings property to the DataSet'sDefaultViewManager. The RefreshData method looks like
DataSource
List
theoffollowing:
Sidebars
Private Sub RefreshData()

dataGrid1.DataSource = dtSet.DefaultViewManager
End Sub
As you can see from Figure 3-12, the Add Row button adds a new row to the Customers' DataTable with
the Name and Address columns reading from the Name and Address text boxes. The Delete Rows button
deletes the row number inserted in the Enter Row # text box. The Search button searches and returns
rows that contain the name entered in the Enter Name text box of the Search group box.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 3 - 3-12:
Figure ADO.NET in Disconnected
Adding rows to the Environments
DataTable
Chapter
OK, now5 it's
- Handling ADO.NET
time to write codeEvents
for the button event handlers. You can write button event handlers by
double-clicking
Chapter the buttons
6 - Integrating XML or using
with the Properties windows. First, you write the event handler for the Add
ADO.NET
Row button
Chapter with the
7 - Data handler
Binding and name AddRow_Click.
Windows After
Forms Data-Bound that, write event handlers for the Delete Rows
Controls
and Search
Chapter buttons; theand
8 - Constraints event handler
Data names for these buttons are DeleteRow_Click and
Relations
SearchButton_Click,
Chapter respectively.
You add a new row to the DataTable using DataRow and call the Add and AcceptChanges methods
of the DataTable.Listing 3-18 shows the Add Row button click event handler.
Chapter
Listing13 - Developing
3-18: a Custom Data Provider
The AddRowBtn_Click Method
Private Sub AddRowBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal16 -eASP.NET Server Controls and Data
As System.EventArgs) Binding AddRowBtn.Click
Handles
Chapter'17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Add rows to the custTable using its NewRow method
Chapter'18
I -add
Object-Relational Mapping inwith
three customers .NET thier addresses, name and id
ChapterDim
19 -myDataRow
Mapped Objects:
As Performance
DataRow =Considerations and Data Binding
custTable.NewRow()
ChaptermyDataRow("Name")
20 - COM Interoperability= and ADO.NET
TextBox4.Text.ToString()
ChaptermyDataRow("Address")
21 - Messaging = TextBox5.Text.ToString()
ChaptercustTable.Rows.Add(myDataRow)
custTable.AcceptChanges()
RefreshData()
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
As you can see, the code adds Name as TextBox4.Text and Address as TextBox4.Text.
List of Listings
List
You of call
Sidebars
NewRow of DataTable to add a new row to DataTable, set its field values, and call the
DataTable.Rows.Add method to add it. After the Add method, you also call
DataTable.AcceptChanges method to save the changes. At the end, you call the RefreshData
method to fill the DataGrid with the records.
If you add six rows to the DataTable using the Add Row button, the result looks like Figure 3-12.
The Delete Rows button deletes the records from a column that matches the given criteria. The Remove
Rows Section takes a column name and column value, and the Delete Rows button click event handler
removes the rows from the DataTable.
TheDeleteRowsBtn_Click method is the click event handler for the Delete Rows button (see Listing
3-19). As you can see, the code uses the Select method of DataTable. The Select method of
DataTable takes a criterion and returns the rows that meet the given criteria. In this case, you pass a
column name and Applied ADO.NET:
its value Building
as a criterion. TheData-Driven Solutions
Select method returns all the matching rows in an array of
DataRow. Once you've retrieved these rows, you call DataRow.Delete method to delete the rows one
by one, followed Apress 2003
by a call (928 pages)
of DataRow.AcceptChanges method to save the changes.
Listing 3-19: Theincluding ADO.NET internals,
DeleteRow_Click Methodnamespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Private Sub DeleteRowsBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DeleteRowsBtn.Click
Dim str As String = TextBox7.Text + "='" + TextBox6.Text + "'"
Table of Contents
Dim rows() As DataRow = custTable.Select(str)
' If no record found
Introduction
If rows.Length = 0 Then
Chapter 1 MessageBox.Show("Record
- ADO.NET Basics not found!")
Chapter 2 Return
ChapterEnd
3 -If ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
ChapterDim
4 -iADO.NET in Connected Environments
As Integer
ChapterFor
5 -iHandling
= 0 To ADO.NET Events
rows.Length - 1 Step i + 1
Chapter 6 rows(i).Delete()
Chapter 7 rows(i).AcceptChanges()
Next
ChapterRefreshData()
End Sub
In the end, you call the RefreshData method to refresh the grid.
Chapter
As you 15
can- Using ADO.NET
see from Figurein3-13,
Xml Web
if youServices
enter column name as Name with the value Puneet, then the
Chapter
Delete 16 - ASP.NET
Rows Server Controls
button removes the row and Data
with Id =Binding
102.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 3-13: Deleting rows from the DataTable
You just saw the usage of the DataTable.Select method, which sorts and filters the DataTable rows.
TheSelect method has four overloaded forms. The Select method can take an expression with
optional sort and row state parameters.
Afilter is a conditional statement that uses the SELECTWHERE clause to select conditional data from the
database. All SQL conditional operators are valid in the filter string. For example, to filter rows where the id
is greater than 22, the filter string will be Id>22; for selecting records with the name Ross, the filter string
will be Name='Ross'. The SeachBtn_Click method searches for the criteria you specify on the form.
Applied
As you can see from ADO.NET:
Listing 3-20, theBuilding
code firstData-Driven Solutions
calls the Select method with the given criteria, which
returns an array of DataRow objects. It creates a new DataTable ISBN:1590590732
called searchTable and adds all
rows returned by Apress 2003 (928
the Select pages)to this DataTable, and it later binds the searchTable to
method
DataGrid to view This
thetext provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
rows.
Listing 3-20: Theinterfaces, and takes a comprehensive
SearchButtonClick Method look at XML
ADO.NET.
Private Sub SearchBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SearchBtn.Click
Table of Contents
Dim searchTable As DataTable = New DataTable("SortTable")
Introduction
searchTable = custTable.Clone()
ChapterDim
1 -strADO.NET Basics
As String = TextBox1.Text & " ='" & TextBox2.Text + "'"
ChapterDim
2 -rows()
Data Components in Visual
As DataRow = Studio .NET
custTable.Select(str)
Chapter'3 If- ADO.NET
no recordin Disconnected
found Environments
ChapterIf
4 rows.Length
= 0 Then Environments
Chapter 5 MessageBox.Show("Name
- Handling ADO.NET Events not found!")
Chapter 6 Return
ChapterEnd
7 -If Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 ToException
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET rows.Length
Handling - 1 Step i + 1
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC =
Dim row As DataRow searchTable.NewRow()
.NET Data Provider
row("Name") = rows(i)("Name")
row("Address") = rows(i)("Address")
searchTable.Rows.Add(row)
Next
Dim sortdtSet As DataSet = New DataSet("SortedData")
sortdtSet.Tables.Add(searchTable)
DataGrid1.DataSource = sortdtSet.DefaultViewManager
Chapter
End Sub17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Now using
Chapter 21 -the Search Section text boxes, you can search for records with the name Amy by entering
Messaging
Name in
Chapter 22the Enter
- SQL Column
Server Name box,Notes
and ADO.NET: entering Amy in the Enter Value box, and clicking the Search
on Performance
button. The
Appendix result looks
A - Relational like Figure
Databases: 3-14.
Some Basic Concepts
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 3-14: Result of clicking the Search button for Name="Amy"

Now using the Select method, you can also sort the data of a DataTable. As you can see from Figure
3-14, the Sort Section has a DESC check box and an Enter Column
Name text box. If the DESC check
ISBN:1590590732
box is clicked, rows will be sorted in descending
order; otherwise, the default order is ascending. A filter
followed by values ASC and DESC sorts the rows filtered using the Select method.
Listing 3-21 shows the code written on the Sort button click event handler. As you can see, first the code
builds a filter string, checking and
namespaces whether theand
classes, DESC
howcheck box is both
to integrate checked.
with After that it simply calls the
Select method ADO.NET.with the filter string and creates a new DataTable from the rows returned by the
Select method and binds the new DataTable to the grid.
Table of Contents
Listing 3-21: Sorting Data Using the Select Method
Introduction
Private Sub SortBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter 1
ByVal -eADO.NET Basics
As System.EventArgs) Handles SortBtn.Click
ChapterDim
3 -sortTable
ADO.NET in Disconnected
As DataTableEnvironments
= New DataTable("SortTable")
ChaptersortTable
4 - ADO.NET
= incustTable.Clone()
ChapterDim
5 -strSort
Handling ADO.NET Events= TextBox3.Text
As String
ChapterIf
6 (CheckBox1.Checked)
Then
Chapter 7 strSort
- Data Binding and Windows
= strSort & " Forms
DESC"Data-Bound Controls
ChapterElse
8 - Constraints and Data Relations
Chapter 9 strSort = Exception
- ADO.NET strSortHandling
& " ASC"
ChapterEnd
10 -If
ChapterDim
11 -rows() As DataRow
Stored Procedures = _
and Views
ChaptercustTable.Select(String.Empty,
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data strSort)
Providers
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To rows.Length - 1 Step i + 1
Dim row As DataRow = sortTable.NewRow()
row("Name") = rows(i)("Name")
row("Address") = rows(i)("Address")
sortTable.Rows.Add(row)
ChapterNext
ChapterDim
19 -sortdtSet
Mapped Objects:
As Performance
DataSet =Considerations and Data Binding
New DataSet("SortedData")
ChaptersortdtSet.Tables.Add(sortTable)
ChapterDataGrid1.DataSource
21 - Messaging = sortdtSet.DefaultViewManager
Chapter
End Sub22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
To sort the records, you enter the column name Name and check the DESC check box. Now, if you click
Index
theofApply
List Sort button, you'll see the records are sorted on the name. If you uncheck the DESC check box,
Figures
you'll see the rows sorted in ascending order.
List of Tables
List
The of last
Listings
thing to do in this example is to create the Save button. The DataSet class provides methods to
List
readof Sidebars
and write XML documents. The WriteXml method of DataSet saves data to an XML document.
(We discuss XML and ADO.NET in more detail in Chapter 6.)
Listing 3-22 shows the Save method button click event handler. As you can see, the code calls a
SaveFileDialog and reads the name and path of the file. You can browse the path where you want to
save the file. After saving data, if you open the XML file, you'll see all data from the DataTable is stored in
this file.
Listing 3-22: Saving a DataTable Data in an XML Document
Private Sub SaveBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SaveBtn.Click
Dim fdlg As SaveFileDialog = New SaveFileDialog()
Applied
fdlg.Title ADO.NET: ADO.NET
= "Applied Building Data-Driven
Save FileSolutions
Dialog"
by Mahesh Chand and
fdlg.InitialDirectory = "c:\\" David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
fdlg.Filter = "XML files (*.xml)|*.*|All files (*.*)|*.*"
If fdlg.ShowDialog() coverage of ADO.NET
= DialogResult.OK Then technology
dtSet.WriteXml(fdlg.FileName) namespaces, classes, and
End If namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
End Sub ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
The Row and Column Collections
Introduction
Do you remember the Rows and Columns property of DataTable? As mentioned earlier, the Columns
property of DataSet, represented by a DataColumnCollection object, stands for all columns of a
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
DataTable. The Rowsin Disconnected Environmentsrepresents a collection of rows of a DataTable.
property of DataTable
Generally, you access the rows and columns collections through the Rows and Columns properties of a
DataTable. You've ADO.NET Events
already seen how to add columns and rows to a DataTable in the previous sections.
In the following sections, we discuss the methods and properties.
Chapter 8
The DataRowCollection
Chapter 9
Class
Chapter 10 - property
TheCount Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
of DataRowCollection returns the total number of rows in a collection. The
Chapter 11 code
following - Stored Procedures
reads the total and Views
number of rows in custTable:
Dim rows a Custom Data Provider
As DataRowCollection = custTable.Rows
Dim counter Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
As Integer
Chapter
counter15 -=Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
rows.Count
TheClear
Chapter 18 - method of DataRowCollection
Object-Relational Mapping in .NET removes all the rows in a collection and sets the Rows
count to19zero:
Chapter - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Dim rows
Chapter As DataRowCollection = custTable.Rows
21 - Messaging
rows.Clear()
TheRemove and RemoveAt methods remove a specified DataRow based on the DataRow and its index,
respectively.
Index
The
List ofContains
Figures method looks for a primary key value in the collection. This method returns True if a
collection
List finds the specified value in the primary key column. The Contains method takes an argument
of Tables
of an
List object type.
of Listings
List of Sidebars
TheFind method is one more useful method of DataRowCollection; it searches for a row in the
collection. Similar to the Contains method, the Find method also takes an argument of object type,
which means Find can be used to find any types of values.
Listing 3-23 checks if the row collection's primary key column contains value 1002. If it does, it uses the
Find method, which returns a DataRow and calls the DataRowCollection.Remove method to
remove the row from the collection.
Listing 3-23: Using the Contains,Find, and Remove Method of DataRowCollection
Dim rows As DataRowCollection = custTable.Rows

Dim row As DataRow
If rows.Contains(1002) Then
row = rows.Find(1002)
rows.Remove(row) ISBN:1590590732
MessageBox.Show("Row Removed")
Else This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
MessageBox.Show("Row notinternals,
found")namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
As you saw in earlier sections, the Add method of DataRowCollection adds a new row at the end of a
collection. But what if youData-Driven Solutions
want to insert a row between two rows? The InsertAt method does the trick
Introduction
for you and inserts a row at the specified index, and the row at the index becomes the next row. Listing 3-
24 inserts
Chapter 1 -and removes
ADO.NET rows at the specified index using the InsertAt and RemoveAt methods.
Basics
Listing 3-24:
Chapter 3
Using the InsertAt and RemoveAt Methods
Dim newRow
Chapter As DataRow
newRow
Chapter 6 =- Integrating
custTable.NewRow()
XML with ADO.NET
newRow("id")
Chapter = 1005
7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
newRow("Address")
Chapter = Data
8 - Constraints and "NewRelations
Address"
newRow("Name")
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET = "New Name"
Exception Handling
rows.InsertAt(newRow, 3)
If (Not rows(1).IsNull("id")) Then
rows.RemoveAt(1)
End If
The DataColumnCollection Class
Similar19
Chapter to DataRowCollection, the Count
- Mapped Objects: Performance property of
Considerations DataColumnCollection
and Data Binding returns the number
of columns
Chapter 20 - in
COMa collection. You already
Interoperability saw in previous samples that you can use the Add method to add
and ADO.NET
a new column
Chapter to a collection.
21 - Messaging
You can use the CanRemove method to find out if a column can be removed from a collection. It returns
True if a column can be removed from a collection; otherwise, it returns False. This method performs
several operations to make sure the column exists in the table and it's not involved in a constraint or
Appendix
relation. CThe
- ADO.NET Frequently
Contains methodAsked Questions
checks if a column with a given name exists in the collection.
Index
The
List Figures and RemoveAt methods remove a column from a collection. The Remove method takes a
ofRemove
parameter
List of Tablesof type DataColumn or a name of the column. Listing 3-25 uses some of these methods.
List of Listings
Listing 3-25: Removing a Column from a Collection
List of Sidebars
Dim cols As DataColumnCollection = custTable.Columns

Dim str As String
str = cols.Count.ToString()
If cols.Contains("Name") Then
If cols.CanRemove(cols("Name")) Then
cols.Remove("Name")
End If
End If
TheRemoveAt method removes
by Mahesh Chandaand
column
DavidatTalbot
the given index. The Clear method removes all the
ISBN:1590590732
Apress collection.
columns from a column The following codes uses these two methods:
2003 (928 pages)
cols.RemoveAt(2)
cols.Clear() namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
The DataRow States and Versions

Table of Contents
ADataRow changes its states as you work on it. The RowState property of DataRow represents the
Introduction
state of a row, which is a type of DataRowState enumeration. The DataRowState enumeration has five
members:
The
Chapter 3 Added state in
- ADO.NET means the row Environments
Disconnected has been added to a collection and the DataRow.AcceptChanges
method
Chapter hasn't been
4 - ADO.NET called yet.Environments
in Connected
TheDeleted state means the row was deleted using DataRow.Delete.
Chapter
The7 Detached
- Data Binding
stateand Windows
means Forms
the row hasData-Bound Controls
been created but not added to a collection.
The
Chapter - ADO.NETstate
9 Modified means
Exception the row has been changed, and DataRow.AcceptChanges has not
Handling
been
Chapter 10 called yet.with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
- Working
TheUnchanged state means that DataRow.AcceptChanges has been called but the row wasn't
changed.
Chapter
You can14examine
- Developing Database
the state Web Applications
of a DataRow using
after any ASP.NET
operation on the row. Listing 3-26 uses the RowState
Chapter 15to- determine
property Using ADO.NET in Xml
the state of Web Services
a row.
Listing17
Chapter 3-26: Determining
- Building theWeb
Real-World State of a Row
Applications
Chapter
Dim row19 -As
Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
DataRow
row =20custTable.NewRow()
Chapter - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
MessageBox.Show(row.RowState.ToString())
row("id")
Chapter = Server
22 - SQL 1007 and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
row("Name")
Appendix = "Noak
A - Relational "
row("Address")
Appendix = Used
B - Commonly "Tame
SQL Lack, NJ"
Statements
custTable.Rows.Add(row)
Index
custTable.Rows.Remove(row)
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
TheDataRowView is one more important class you should know when working with tables and rows. You
can create a DataRowView that corresponds to a DataRow, which you can then bind to data-bound
controls directly.
ADataRowView class represents a customized view of a DataRow, which can be bound to data-bound
controls such as a DataGrid. When you work with a DataRow (update data of a DataRow), the
DataRow has different versions. These states are represented by a DataRowVersion enumeration,
which has four values: Current,Default,Proposed , and Original. The version of a DataRow
changes when you call the BeginEdit,CancelEdit, and EndEdit methods of DataRow as well as
theAcceptChanges and RejectChanges methods of DataTable.
After calling DataRow.BeginEdit and changing the value of a row, both the Current and Proposed
values become available. After calling DataRow.CancelEdit, the Proposed value isn't available. After
Applied ADO.NET:
a call of DataRow.EndEdit, Buildingvalue
the Current Data-Driven
becomesSolutions
the Proposed value, and the Proposed
value becomes unavailable. The call of DataRow.AcceptChanges ISBN:1590590732
means the original value becomes
identical to the Current value. A call of DataTable.RejectChanges means the Proposed value is
This text
removed. The version provides
becomes extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Current.
interfaces,
TheDataView property and takes a comprehensive
of DataRowView look
class returns at XML
a DataView object for a row, which can be
bound to data-bound controls.
ADO.NET.
The IsEdit and IsNew properties represent whether a row is in edit mode
or new mode, respectively. The DataRow property returns the DataRow being viewed, and the
RowVersion property returns the version of a row.
Table of Contents
TheBeginEdit
Applied method Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding starts editingSolutions
a row, and the CancelEdit method cancels editing. The Delete
method deletes a row, and the EndEdit method ends the editing. Listing 3-27 starts editing a row and
Introduction
later calls the CancelEdit and EndEdit methods, followed by the AcceptChanges method.
Chapter
Listing23-27:
- Data Components
Editing in Visual
Rows Using Studio .NETCancelEdit, and EndEdit Methods
BeginEdit,
Dim row As DataRow
row = custTable.NewRow()
row("id") = 1007
row("Name") = "Noak "
Chapterrow("Address")
= "Tame Lack, NJ"
ChaptercustTable.Rows.Add(row)
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
ChapterMessageBox.Show(row.RowState.ToString())
11 - Stored Procedures and Views
ChaptercustTable.Rows.Remove(row)
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
ChaptercustTable.AcceptChanges()
13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
Chapter'15
Start
- UsingEditing the
ADO.NET in Xml Row
Web Services
ChaptercustTable.Rows(0).BeginEdit()
ChaptercustTable.Rows(0)("id") = 1008
ChaptercustTable.Rows(0)("Name") = "New Name"
ChaptercustTable.Rows(0)("Address") = "New Address"
' Find out DataRowVersion
If custTable.Rows(0).HasVersion(DataRowVersion.Proposed) Then
MessageBox.Show(DataRowVersion.Proposed.ToString())
End If
If custTable.Rows(0).HasVersion(DataRowVersion.Original) Then
MessageBox.Show(DataRowVersion.Original.ToString())
AppendixEnd C -If
ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index ' Cancel the edit.
List of Figures
custTable.Rows(0).CancelEdit()
List of Tables
' BeginEdit again
List of Listings
custTable.Rows(0).BeginEdit()
List of Sidebars
custTable.Rows(0)("id") = 1008
custTable.Rows(0)("Name") = "New Name"
custTable.Rows(0)("Address") = "New Address"
custTable.Rows(0).EndEdit()
custTable.Rows(0).AcceptChanges()
DataGrid1.DataSource = custTable
Using DataSet,
AppliedDataView, andData-Driven
ADO.NET: Building DataViewManager
Solutions
As you saw in Chapter
Apress2, ADO.NET
2003 provides components to view data in data-bound controls. You just
(928 pages)
drag and drop controls to a form, set their properties,
This text provides extensive and
coverage of bind them
ADO.NET to data-bound controls. Then you're
technology
all set to run yourincluding
programs. ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and classes fall into this category. You
The DataView and DataViewManager
interfaces,
can use these classes and takes
to represent a comprehensive
different views of alook at XML
DataTable based on different filter and sort
criterion. You cannamespaces and classes,
use these classes eitherand how to integrate
at design-time or atboth with
runtime.
ADO.NET.
ADataSet is a key component in the ADO.NET data model. It's an in-memory representation of one or
multipleDataTables, relations, and constraints. A DataSet stores data from a data source and provides
Table of Contents
data to the client applications (Web Forms or Windows Forms). A DataSet's contents can be bound to
data-bound controls. (We discuss the DataSet class in more detail in "TheDataSet: The Heart of
Introduction
ADO.NET."
Chapter 2 - DataisComponents
TheDataView useful wheninyou
Visual
needStudio .NET
to bind a DataTable or multiple DataTable objects with data-
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
bound controls. in Disconnected
You can Environments
also represent multiple views of the same data by applying a filter and sort on a
DataTable,
Chapter and youincan
4 - ADO.NET bind these
Connected multiple views to different data-bound controls such as DataGrid,
Environments
DataList,
Chapter 5 - ComboBox, and ListBox
Handling ADO.NET Events controls.
Figure 3-15 shows the relationship between a DataSet,DataTable,DataView, and Windows and Web
Forms controls. As you can see, a DataSet contains three DataTable objects, which are represented
by three different views. You can bind the three different DataView objects to different data-bound
controls to represent data in different ways.
Appendix B - 3-15:
Figure Commonly Used SQLbetween
Relationship Statements
the DataSet,DataTable, and DataView
Index
The DataSet: The Heart of ADO.NET

List of Figures
List of Tables
ADataSet
List of Listingsobject plays a vital role in the ADO.NET component model. A DataSet represents a
disconnected
List of Sidebars cache of data in the form of tables, rows, columns, or XML schemas. If you've ever
programmed a database application in previous versions of VS, you're probably familiar with recordsets. A
recordset object was a way to represent data in your programs. Similar to a recordset, a DataSet
represents data in your applications. Once you've constructed a DataSet, you can get or set data in your
application or your data source. As mentioned earlier, the DataSet works in both connected and
disconnected environments. A DataSet communicates with a DataAdapter and calls the
DataAdapter'sFill method to fill data from a DataAdapter. You can fill a DataSet object with
multiple tables or stored procedures with the aid of the DataAdapters. You'll see how a DataSet works
in a connected environment to access data from multiple data sources in the next chapter. In this section,
you'll see how it works with DataTable and DataView objects. (We discuss DataAdapter in more
detail in Chapter 4.) Once data is filled to a DataSet from a DataAdapter, you can view it in Windows or
Web applications by binding data to data-bound controls through a DataView. You can generate one or
multiple views for a DataTables based on the filter and sort criteria.
Figure 3-16 shows
bythe relationship
Mahesh between
Chand and David DataSet,
Talbot and DataView objects.
ISBN:1590590732
DataAdapter,
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 3-16: The relationship between DataSet,DataAdapter, and DataView objects
As you 2saw
Chapter earlier,
- Data a DataSet
Components can have
in Visual multiple
Studio .NET DataTable objects. The DataTableCollection
object represents
Chapter 3 - ADO.NETall DataSet objects
in Disconnected related to a DataSet. The Tables property of the DataSet
Environments
represents
Chapter 4 - the collection
ADO.NET of DataTable
in Connected objects. The tables relate to each other with DataRelation
Environments
objects, discussed
Chapter 5
earlier. DataRelationCollection represents all the available relations in the
DataSet. The Relations property represents the DataRelationCollection of a DataSet. A
DataSet object stores data in XML format. An XML schema represents a DataSet. A DataSet also
defines methods to read and write XML documents. The ReadXml method reads an XML document and
fills the DataSet with the XML data, and the WriteXML method writes DataSet data to an XML
document. This class also defines the methods ReadXmlSchema and WriteXmlSchema to read and
write XML schema.
Creating a DataSet
TheDataSet Database
class provides Web
three Applications
overloaded using ASP.NET
constructors to create a DataSet object. You create a
DataSet with or without passing a DataSet name in the DataSet contructor. The following code
Chapter
creates16 - ASP.NET
two DataSet Server Controls
objects and Data
in different Binding
ways:
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet
Chapter
dtSet1 19 =- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
New DataSet("DataSet1")
Chapter 20 - COMAs
Dim dtSet2 Interoperability
DataSet = and ADO.NET
New DataSet("DataSet2")
The DataSet
Appendix Properties
You justClearned
Appendix howFrequently
- ADO.NET to create aAsked
DataSet object. In most cases, you'll probably create a DataSet and
Questions
use the DataAdapter'sFill and Update methods to fill and save data from a data source. But the
Index
DataSet class provides properties that you can get and set as needed.
List of Figures
List
The ofCaseSensitive
Tables property indicates whether the string comparison within DataTable objects is case
List of Listings
sensitive. This property affects how sorting, searching, and filtering operations are performed on
List of Sidebarsobjects of a DataSet, when |you use the Select method of DataTable to filter and sort
DataTable
data. By default the |CaseSensitive property is False. Use the following to set it to True:
DtSet1.CaseSensitive = True
TheDataSetName property represents the name of a DataSet. The following code first sets a DataSet
name and then displays it in a message box:
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet

dtSet1 = New DataSet("DataSet1")
dtSet1.DataSetName = "CustomDataSet"
MessageBox.Show(dtSet1.DataSetName.ToString())
TheDefaultViewManager (readextensive
This text provides only) property returns
coverage a custom
of ADO.NET view of the data of a DataSet. (We
technology
including
discuss this in more detailsADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
in "The DefaultViewManager.")
namespaces and
TheEnforceConstraints classes,
property is aand how totype
Boolean integrate bothwhich
property, with makes sure constraint rules are
ADO.NET.
followed when data of a DataSet is being updated. The default value of the EnforceConstraints
property is True. If you don't want the Update method to check the constaints, just set this property as
False.
Table of Contents
Do you remember the ExtendedProperties property of the DataTable? The
Introduction
ExtendedProperties property attaches some additional custom information about a DataTable.
Chapter
Similar1to the
- ADO.NET Basics the DataSet also provides the ExtendedProperties property. Listing 3-28
DataTable,
Chapter 2 reads
sets and - Datathe
Components in Visual of
custom properties Studio .NET
a DataSet.
Listing43-28:
Chapter Settinginand
- ADO.NET Reading
Connected Custom Properties of a DataSet
Environments
Dim dtSet1 XML with ADO.NET
As DataSet
Chapter
dtSet1 7 =- Data
New Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
DataSet("DataSet1")
Chapter 8 - Constraints and=Data
dtSet1.DataSetName Relations
"CustomDataSet"
dtSet1.ExtendedProperties.Add("Description", "The Name Column")
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider "Mahesh Chand")
dtSet1.ExtendedProperties.Add("Author",
dtSet1.ExtendedProperties.Add("UserId",
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views "MCB")
dtSet1.ExtendedProperties.Add("PWD",
Chapter "Password")
' Remove
Chapter Author property
dtSet1.ExtendedProperties.Remove("Author")
' Read
Chapter 15 custom properties
Dim str As String
Dim i As Integer
str = dtSet1.ExtendedProperties("Description").ToString()
str = str + ", " + dtSet1.ExtendedProperties("UserId").ToString()
str = str + ", " + dtSet1.ExtendedProperties("PWD").ToString()
TheHasErrors
Appendix property
B - Commonly Usedfinds
SQLout if any of the rows of a DataSet has any errors. The DataTable also
Statements
providesCthis
Appendix propertyFrequently
- ADO.NET to check ifAsked
a particular row has any errors. (We show you how to use this property in
Questions
a moment.)
Index
List of Figures
ACultureInfo object contains the data about a machine locale. The Locale property gets and sets
List of Tables
this data. The following code uses this property to read the information:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim cInfo As System.Globalization.CultureInfo
cInfo = dtSet1.Locale
Console.WriteLine(cInfo.DisplayName, cInfo.EnglishName)
As mentioned earlier (and in more detail in Chapter 6), a DataSet is represented by an XML schema,
which has a namespace and prefix. The Namespace and Prefix properties represent the namespace
and prefix of the schema, respectively. These properties are both readable and writeable:
dtSet1.Namespace = "CustDSNamespace"
dtSet1.Prefix = "CustPrefix"
TheRelations by property
Maheshreturns
Chandaand collection of relations that aISBN:1590590732
David Talbot DataSet has. (We discuss this property
in later sections and in Chapter
Apress 4.)pages)
2003 (928
As discussed earlier, the Tables
including ADO.NETproperty
internals,ofnamespaces,
a DataSet classes,
represents
anda collection of DataTables attached
to a DataSet. The Tablesand
interfaces, property
takes aiscomprehensive
of type DataTableCollection,
look at XML which was discussed earlier.
namespaces and
TheDataTableCollection classes,
class and how
provides to integrate
methods to add both with
and remove DataTable objects to a
ADO.NET.
collection.
Attaching
Table a DataTable
of Contents to a DataSet
You've already seen how to create a DataTable and add columns and rows to a DataTable by using
Introduction
theDataRow and DataColumn. As mentioned earlier, a DataSet is a collection of DataTable objects.
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
TheTables propertyBasics
of DataSet gets all the attached DataTables of a DataSet. The Tables
Chapter 2 which
property, - DataisComponents in Visual Studio .NET
a type of DataTableCollection, also adds DataTable objects to a DataSet and
Chapter
removes3 them.
- ADO.NET
Listingin3-29
creates four DataTable objects and adds them to a DataSet using the
DataSet.Tables.Add method. Environments
The DataSet is bound to a DataGrid to view the contents in a
DataGrid.
Listing73-29:
Chapter Adding
- Data DataTable
Binding Objects
and Windows Formsto a DataSet
Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Dim tbl1 Exception =Handling
As DataTable New DataTable("One")
Dim tbl2
Chapter As DataTable
10 - Working = New
with the ODBC .NETDataTable("Two")
Data Provider
Dim tbl3
Chapter As DataTable
11 - Stored = New
Procedures and ViewsDataTable("Three")
Dim dtSet1
Chapter As SQLXML,
12 - Oracle, DataSetand
= Other
New .NET
DataSet("CustDtSet")
Data Providers
dtSet1.Tables.Add(custTable)
dtSet1.Tables.Add(tbl1)
DataGrid1.DataSource = dtSet1.DefaultViewManager
Chapter 20 - COM
In this code, Interoperability
custTable and ADO.NET
is a DataTable created using the methods discussed.
The output
Chapter 22 - of
SQLListing 3-29
Server andlooks like Figure
ADO.NET: Notes 3-17. If you click a DataTable link, you can see the data of
on Performance
theDataTable
Appendix (if it has
A - Relational any). Some Basic Concepts
Databases:
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 7 - 3-17:
Figure Data Binding and
Attaching Windows Forms
DataTables to aData-Bound
DataSet Controls
Copying,
Chapter Cloning,
10 - Working with and Clearing
the ODBC DataSets
.NET Data Provider
TheClear method removes all the rows from a DataSet; however, it does not destroy the structure of a
DataSet. The Copy method copies the contents with schema of a DataSet to another DataSet. The
Clone method only copies the structure of a DataSet to another. Listing 3-30 uses all three members.
Chapter
Listing15 - Using
3-30: ADO.NET
Using in Xml Web
Copy,Clone, andServices
Clear Methods of DataSet
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet = New DataSet("CustDtSet")
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Dim dtSet2 Objects: Performance
As DataSet Considerations and Data Binding
= New DataSet()
Chapter
dtSet2 20 =- COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
dtSet1.Clone()
Chapter
dtSet2 21 =- Messaging
dtSet1.Copy()
dtSet1.Clear()
Getting
Index Changed Rows of a DataSet
List of Figures
So far, we've talked about filling data from a DataAdapter to a DataSet and saving data back to a data
List of Tables
source using the Update method of DataSet. The Update method takes a DataSet and saves its
List of Listings
results in a data source. A DataAdapter belongs to a data provider, so we discuss it in Chapter 4.
List of Sidebars
TheGetChanges method helps you find the changed data of a DataSet so you can send only changed
data back to the data source instead of sending an entire DataSet. It helps to reduce the network traffic
and make the save process faster.
TheGetChanges method returns a DataSet, which contains all the changes made to a DataSet since
it was last loaded or the AcceptChanges method was called.
TheGetChanges method has two overloaded forms. The first form takes no parameters and returns all
the results. The second form lets you filter the results based on the row states, and it takes a parameter of
typeDataRowState.
TheHasChanges method determines if a DataSet has any changes since it was last saved or loaded.
The following snippet shows how to use the HasChanges and GetChanges methods (you'll see these
methods in moreApplied
detail in ADO.NET:
Chapter 4).Building Data-Driven Solutions
If Not dtSet1.HasChanges(DataRowState.Modified) Then Exit Sub
Dim dtSet2 Asincluding
DataSetADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
dtSet2 = dtSet1.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified)
SqlDbDataAdapter1.Update(dtSet2)
ADO.NET.
Merging a DataRow, DataTable, or a DataSet

Table of Contents
TheMerge method merges Data-Driven Solutions
two DataSet objects and saves the results in one DataSet. The Merge
Introduction
method has seven overloaded forms. These forms allow you to merge a DataRow, a DataTable, and a
Chapter
DataSet1 -with
ADO.NET Basics
an existing DataSet. The first parameter of the Merge method is a DataRow,
Chapter 2 - Data
DataTable, Components
or DataSet. in Visual
The secondStudio .NETparameter is a Boolean type-a True value indicates that
optional
the changes
Chapter should be
3 - ADO.NET preserved and
in Disconnected False indicates that changes won't be preserved. The third
Environments
optional4 parameter
Chapter - ADO.NETisin
a Connected
type of MissingSchemaAction,
Environments which indicates what action should be taken
when the
Chapter 5 schema of ADO.NET
- Handling added DataRow,
Events DataTable, or DataSet does not match the schema of the
current6DataSet.
Chapter The MissingSchemaAction
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET enumeration has four values: Add,AddWithKey,
Error,7and
Chapter Ignore.
- Data The
Binding Add
and value adds
Windows Formsnecessary columns
Data-Bound Controlsto complete the schema. The
AddWithKey
Chapter value adds
8 - Constraints andthe necessary
Data Relationsinformation with a primary key. The Error value generates an
error. The -Ignore
Chapter 9
value ignores the extra columns.
Chapter
Listing 10 - Working
3-31 merges with the ODBC .NET
two DataSet Data
objects. Provider
The custTable and ordersTables are two DataSet
objects created by the CreateCustomersTable() and CreateOrdersTable() methods, as
Chapter 12 -inOracle,
discussed SQLXML, The
"The DataSet: and Other
Heart .NET Data Providers
of ADO.NET" section.
Listing14
Chapter 3-31: MergingDatabase
- Developing Two DataSetse
Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET
Dim dtSet1 Server Controls
As DataSet = New andDataSet("EmpDataSet")
Data Binding
Dim dtSet2 Real-World=Web
As DataSet NewApplications
DataSet("OrdersDataSet")
dtSet2.Tables.Add(ordersTable)
dtSet1.Merge(dtSet2,
Chapter False,
20 - COM Interoperability MissingSchemaAction.Add)
and ADO.NET
DataGrid1.DataSource
Chapter 21 - Messaging = dtSet1.DefaultViewManager
As mentioned, the Merge method also lets you merge an array of a DataRow or a DataTable object.
Listing 3-32 shows you how to merge rows and a DataTable with a DataSet.
Index
List of Figures
Listing 3-32: MergingDataRow and DataTable Objects
List of Tables
List of Listings
Dim str As String = "OrderId >= 2 "
List of Sidebars
Dim rows() As DataRow = ordersTable.Select(str)
dtSet1.Merge(rows)
dtSet1.Merge(ordersTable, True, MissingSchemaAction.Ignore)
Other DataSet Methods

There are a few more DataSet methods left to discuss. The AcceptChanges method saves all the
changes made to a DataSet since it was loaded or the last time AcceptChanges was called. The
RejectChanges method rolls back all the changes made to a DataSet since it was created or the last
Applied
timeAcceptChanges ADO.NET:
was Building
called. These Data-Driven
methods Solutions
are discussed in more details in next chapter.
TheReadXml andApress
ReadXmlSchema methods read an XML document and XML schema document,
2003 (928 pages)
respectively. TheThis
WriteXml and WriteXmlSchema
text provides methods
extensive coverage of ADO.NETsave DataSet data to XML document and
technology
includingrespectively.
XML schema document, ADO.NET internals, namespaces,
(We discuss classes, and
these methods in Chapter 6 in more detail.)
Typed and Untyped DataSets
ADO.NET.
As you may recall from earlier discussions, there are two kinds of a DataSet: typed or untyped. A typed
Table of Contents
DataSet first comes from the DataSet class and then uses an XML schema (.xsd file) to generate a
new class. You saw how Data-Driven Solutions
to create a typed DataSet using VS .NET in Chapter 2. An untyped DataSet
Introduction
has no built-in schema. You create an instance of a DataSet class and call its methods and properties to
Chapter 1 the
work with - ADO.NET Basics All elements of an untyped DataSet are collections. In this chapter, you'll
data sources.
work with
Chapter 2 untyped
- Data Components
DataSets.in Visual Studio .NET
Both kinds-of
Chapter 4
DataSet have their own advantages and disadvantages. Typed DataSets take less time to
ADO.NET in Connected Environments
write applications but offer no flexibility. They're useful when you already know the schema of a database.
The biggest advantage of typed DataSets is the VS .NET IDE support. As you saw in Chapter 2, you can
drag a database table, its columns, or stored procedures to a form in your application, and the IDE
generates typed DataSet for you. After that, you can bind these DataSets to the controls. However,
there are many occasions when you don't know the schema of a database. In those cases, the untyped
Chapter 9 - are
DataSets ADO.NET
useful.Exception Handling
The untyped DataSets also provide the flexibility of connecting with multiple data
sources. And you can use them without .NET Data Provider
the VS .NET IDE.
The DataView
Chapter
Another14powerful
feature Web Applications
of ADO.NET using
is the ability ASP.NET
to create several different views of the same data. You
can sort these views differently and filter them on different criteria. They can contain different row state
information.
ADataView
Chapter represents a customized
18 - Object-Relational Mapping inview
.NETof DataTable that you can bind to Windows Forms and Web
Forms 19
Chapter controls. Using
- Mapped DataView
Objects: sort and
Performance filter features,
Considerations andyou canBinding
Data also have multiple views of a single
DataTable. Using RowFilter and Sort properties, you can apply a filter on a DataView and sort its
contents before binding it to a data-bound control. The AddNew method adds a new row to a DataView,
and the Delete method deletes a row from a DataView. You can use the Find and FindRows
methods to search for rows based on the defined criteria.
Appendix B -describes
Table 3-9 Commonly Usedof
some SQL
theStatements
DataView properties, and Table 3-10 describes some of its methods.
Index
Table 3-9: The DataView Class Properties
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
AllowDelete Indicates whether deletes are allowed.
AllowEdit Indicates
This text provides whethercoverage
extensive edits areofallowed.
ADO.NET technology
AddNews interfaces, Indicates
and takeswhether new rowslook
a comprehensive canatbeXML
added.
ADO.NET. Indicates whether to use default sort. True means use the default sort
ApplyDefaultSort
andFalse means no.
Count
Table of Contents Represents the number of records in a DataView after RowFilter
andRowStateFilter
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions have been applied.
Introduction
DataViewManager DataViewManager associated with this view.
Item
Chapter 2 Represents
- Data Components an item
in Visual Studio of a row.
.NET
RowFilter Environments
Represents the expression used to filter rows to view in the DataView.
RowStateFilter
Chapter 5
You can use a row state filter using this property.
Chapter
Sort6 - Integrating XML Represents
with ADO.NET
the sort column and sort order.
Table DataTable attached with this view.
Table 3-10: The DataView Class Methods
Chapter
METHOD12 - Oracle,DESCRIPTION
SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
AddNew Adds a new row to the DataView
Chapter 15 - Using Begins
BeginInit ADO.NETtheinintialization
Xml Web Services
if a data view was previously used
EndInit Ends the initialization started by BeginInit
Delete
Chapter Deletes a row
Find Finds a row in the DataView based on the specified criteria
FindRows
Chapter Returns an array of rows based on the specified criteria
21 - Messaging
Creating
Appendix a DataView
B - Commonly Used SQL Statements
TheDataView constructor allows you to create a DataView object from a DataTable, which you can
Index
use with or without a DataSet. In Listing 3-33, the custTable and ordersTable are two DataTable
List of Figures
objects. As you can see, the code creates a DataView directly from a DataTable and creates a second
List of Tables through a DataSet.
DataView
List of Listings
Listing
List 3-33: CreatingDataView Objects from a DataTable
of Sidebars
' Creating a DataView from DataTable

Dim dtView1 As DataView = New DataView(custTable)
' Creating a DataView through DataSet
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet = New DataSet()
Dim dtView2 As DataView = New DataView(dtSet1.Tables(0))
Binding a DataView with a data-bound control is pretty easy. You set the DataSource and
DisplayMember properties of a data-bound control. For example, the following code binds two
Applied
DataView objects with a ADO.NET:
DataGridBuilding Data-Driven
and a ListBox Solutions
control.
DataGrid1.DataSource = dtView1
ListBox1.DataSource = dtView2
ListBox1.DisplayMember = "Name"
ADO.NET.
Chapter 7 discusses data-bound controls in more detail.
Table of Contents
Adding, Editing, and Deleting Data Using DataView
Introduction
TheAddNew method of a DataView, which returns a DataRowView, adds a new row to the DataView.
TheAddNew method is followed by a call of EndEdit. The BeginEdit and EndEdit pair edits the
Chapter
values 2of a- row.
Data The
Components in VisualAllowNew,
AllowDelete, Studio .NET and AllowEdit properties allow deleting, adding, and
Chapter 3 in- a
updating ADO.NET in Disconnected
DataView if they're setEnvironments
to True.
TheDelete
Chapter method ADO.NET
5 - Handling of a DataView
Events deletes a row specified by the index of the row. The Count property
returns6the- total
Chapter number
Integrating of rows
XML in a DataView.
with ADO.NET
Listing 3-34 uses the previously discussed methods and properties to add, delete, and edit rows of a
DataView.
Chapter
Listing10 - Working
3-34: with
Adding, the ODBCand
Updating, .NETDeleting
Data Provider
Rows of a DataView
' Creating a DataView from DataTable
Dim dtView1 As DataView = New DataView(custTable)
' Creating Database
a DataView Web Applications
through DataSet using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet = New DataSet() Web Services
Dim dtView2 As Real-World
DataViewWeb = Applications
New DataView(dtSet1.Tables(0))
Chapter
' Set18AllowDelete,
- Object-Relational Mapping inand
AllowNew .NET AllowEdit to true
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects:=Performance
dtView1.AllowDelete True Considerations and Data Binding
dtView1.AllowNew
Chapter = True and ADO.NET
20 - COM Interoperability
dtView1.AllowEdit
Chapter 21 - Messaging = True
' Edit
Chapter 22 the
- SQLdata
Serverofandfirst row
ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
dtView1(0).BeginEdit()
dtView1(0)("Name")
Appendix B - Commonly Used = SQL
"Edited Name"
Statements
dtView1(0)("Address") = "Edited
Address"
dtView1(0).EndEdit()
Index
' Delete the first row from DataView
List of Figures
' the Delete method takes an index of row starting
List of Tables
' at 0
List of Listings
If dtView1.AllowDelete Then
List of Sidebars
dtView1.Delete(0)
End If
' Add a new row
Dim drv As DataRowView = dtView1.AddNew
' Change values in the DataRow.
drv("id") = 1010
drv("Name") = "New Name"
drv("Address") = "New Address"
drv.EndEdit()
' Count number of rows
MessageBox.Show(dtView1.Count.ToString())
by Mahesh
Searching and SortingChand
Dataand David Talbot
Using DataView ISBN:1590590732
Searching and sorting areprovides
This text two major operations
extensive that aofDataView
coverage does to filter data. The Sort property of
ADO.NET technology
DataView sorts including
rows of aADO.NET
DataView.internals, namespaces,
The Sort propertyclasses,
takes aand
string value, which contains the sort
interfaces,
criteria with one or more than and takes
one a comprehensive
DataTable columns look at XML by a comma (,) and followed by ASC
separated
or DESC, where ASC is for sorting rows in ascending order and DESC for sorting rows in descending
ADO.NET.
order. The following code shows how to use one or more than one column with the ASC and DESC
options:
Table of Contents
dtView1.Sort = "Name,Data-Driven
AddressSolutions
ASC"
Introduction
dtView1.Sort = "Name DESC"
TheRowFilter
Chapter property
3 - ADO.NET of a DataView
in Disconnected filters the rows depending on the given criteria. The
Environments
RowFilter
Chapter takes a criteria,
4 - ADO.NET whichEnvironments
in Connected contains columns and their values. The following code returns all rows
that contain
Chapter Name column
5 - Handling values
ADO.NET of Miranda:
Events
dtView1.RowFilter
Chapter = "Name
7 - Data Binding and = Forms
Windows 'Miranda'"
Data-Bound Controls
Besides the Sort and RowFilter properties, the DataView class provides Find and FindRow
methods to find rows. The Find method requires a Sort field and takes a parameter of type Object or
Chapter 11of- Object.
an array Stored Procedures and Views
The FindRow method returns an array of DataRowView, whose column matches
the specified sort key value. and Other .NET Data Providers
Listing 14
Chapter 3-35 uses the Find
- Developing method
Database WebtoApplications
find the value "Data
using Quest" in the column Name, which returns an
ASP.NET
index of15the
Chapter row. ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
- Using
Listing 3-35: Finding Rows in a DataView Using the Find Method
' Creating
Chapter a DataView
19 - Mapped from DataTable
Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Dim dtView1
Chapter 20 - COM As DataView and
Interoperability = New DataView(custTable)
ADO.NET
' Creating
Chapter a DataView through DataSet
21 - Messaging
Dim dtSet1 As DataSet = New DataSet()
Dim dtView2 As DataView = New DataView(dtSet1.Tables(0))
dtView2.Sort = "Name"
Dim val As Object = "Data Quest"
Index
Dim pos As Integer = dtView2.Find(Val)
List of Figures
MessageBox.Show(pos.ToString())
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataViewManager
ADataViewManager contains a collection of views of a DataSet-one view for each DataTable in the
DataSet. The DataViewManager has a DataViewSettings property that enables the user to
construct a different view for each DataTable in the DataSet. If you want to create two views on the
same DataTable, you need to create another instance of the DataViewManager and construct the
DataViewSettings for that particular view. Then you construct a DataView using the
DataViewManager. For example, in the Orders DataSet, you may want to filter out the orders with an
EmployeeID of 4 and sort the orders by the date they were shipped. You can retrieve records for
EmployeedId = 4 sorted on the date they were shipped using the sort and filter properties of the DataSet
and attaching the filtered and sorted data to a DataView or a DataViewManager.
To construct a DataViewManager, you can either
Applied ADO.NET: Building use the Solutions
Data-Driven Default constructor or pass in a DataSet
object. For example:
view = new DataViewManager ()
or, for example: namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
view = new DataSetView(myDataSet)

Table of Contents
TheDataViewManager has a few properties you need to know about to utilize it effectively. Table 3-11
Introduction
shows the
Chapter 1 -main properties.
ADO.NET Basics
Table 3-11: DataSetView Properties
PROPERTIES Environments
DESCRIPTION
DataSet- Integrating XML The
Chapter 6
DataSet being viewed of type DataSet.
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 - Data Binding andContains
DataViewSettings WindowstheForms Data-Bound
collection Controls objects for each table in the
of TableSetting
Chapter 8 - Constraints and DataSet.
Data Relations
The TableSetting object contains sorting and filtering criteria
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception
for aHandling
particular table.
DataViewManager
Chapter contains and
11 - Stored Procedures the Views
CreateDataView method, which allows you to create a DataView
object for
Chapter 12 a particular
- Oracle, table inand
SQLXML, your DataSet.
Other You
.NET Data can construct the DataView for the table with the
Providers
DataViewManager's
Chapter a Custom Data Providerfor the particular DataTable of the DataSet. You can also
13 - DevelopingDataViewSettings
adjust settings
Chapter for the DataView
14 - Developing by assigning
Database Web filter
Applications andASP.NET
using sort properties directly in the DataView.
You'll see DataView and DataViewManager objects in the sample applications in Chapter 4.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In this chapter you learned
Apress about
2003 (928 the ADO.NET model class hierarchy. ADO.NET consists of three
pages)
general namespaces and many data provider
This text provides extensive namespaces.
coverage There
of ADO.NET are two general namespaces-
technology
System.Data and System.Data.Common-and a SQL Server-specific
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and namespace called
interfaces, and
System.Data.SqlTypes. Thetakes a comprehensive
System.Data look at XML
namespace defines classes that are the basic building
namespaces
clocks of the ADO.NET model.and classes,
The and how to integrate both
System.Data.Common with
namespace defines classes shared by all
ADO.NET.
data providers. The System.SqlTypes namespace defines classes that convert from SQL native data
types to .NET data types.
Table of Contents
You can divide ADO.NET classes into two categories: disconnected and connected. You can use
disconnected classes with or without data providers, but connected classes work with the data providers.
Introduction
Some of the disconnected classes are DataSet,DataTable,DataRow,DataColumn,DataView, and
DataViewManager.
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
In this chapter, in Disconnected
you saw how to work Environments
with these disconnected classes. You learned how to create in-
memory
Chapter 4 tables with the
- ADO.NET help of theEnvironments
in Connected DataTable,DataRow, and DataColumn classes. After that you
worked5with
Chapter the DataView,
- Handling Events and DataViewManager classes.
DataSet,
ADO.NET
Chapter 4 covers the ADO.NET data providers and working with ADO.NET in a connected environment.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
4: ADO.NET in Connected
Environments
ISBN:1590590732
As mentioned earlier, you can
interfaces, anddivide
takes ADO.NET functionality
a comprehensive look atinto
XMLtwo categories: connected and
disconnected. In namespaces andexamined
Chapter 3, you classes, and
thehow to integratefunctionality
disconnected both with provided by the .NET Framework
ADO.NET.
that resides in the System.Data and System.Data.Common namespaces. In disconnected
environments, the data is stored in memory.
Table of Contents
In this chapter, we explain ADO.NET functionality in connected environments, which means reading and
storing data in data sources. Specifically, you access data from a data source and save data back to the
Introduction
data source with the help of a bridge between the application and the data source; in ADO.NET this bridge
Chapter 1 provider.
is a data - ADO.NET Basics provides many data providers for different data sources to make data access
ADO.NET
Chapter 2 - Data
fast, reliable, andComponents
easy to use.inEach
Visualdata
Studio .NET has data components (classes) that let you connect to a
provider
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
data source, in Disconnected
as well as Environments
read, write, add, delete, and update data. In this chapter, you'll learn about these
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
components and howintoConnected
work withEnvironments
them.
So what
Chapter 6 are the ADO.NET
- Integrating XML data
with providers?
ADO.NET Technically, an ADO.NET data provider is a set of classes that
enables7 you
Chapter to connect
- Data Binding to a data
and source
Windows in order
Forms to readControls
Data-Bound and write data from a data source. A data
provider also has components that serve as conduits between the data source and the DataSet. In this
way, the architecture isolates the manipulation of data from the data source.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
Appliedthe Generic
ADO.NET: Data
Building Provider
Data-Driven Model
Solutions
Let's examine a generic
Apress data
2003 provider
(928 pages)model before looking at specific data providers. Figure 4-1 shows a
generic class model of a data provider.
This text provides The coverage
extensive same component
of ADO.NET model applies to all of the data providers,
technology
with minor changes. All data providers implement a similar class
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and hierarchy model, so once you're
comfortable with interfaces, and takesyou
one data provider, a comprehensive look at XML
can easily manipulate the other data providers in no time. It's
namespaces
usually just a matter and the
of changing classes,
classand how to
names and integrate both withstring.
the connection
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 13 - 4-1: A generic
Developing data provider
a Custom model
Data Provider
TheConnection in Xml
component of aWeb
dataServices
provider is the first component, and it communicates with a data
Chapter
source.16 - ASP.NET Serversits
A DataAdapter Controls andaData
between Binding
DataSet and the data source and passes data back and forth.
TheDataAdapter's
Chapter Fill method
17 - Building Real-World Web fills data from a data source to a DataSet, and the Update method
Applications
of the DataAdapter
Chapter saves changes
18 - Object-Relational from
Mapping in a DataSet to a data source. In Chapter 3, you saw how to use
.NET
the data
Chapter 19once you have
- Mapped it in aPerformance
Objects: DataSet through the DataTable,
Considerations DataRow, and DataColumn objects.
and Data Binding
TheCommand and CommandBuilder objects are two more important components of a data provider. A
Command component uses SQL queries to transfer data back and forth from a data source to an
application and vice versa. A Command or CommandBuilder object can use a DataAdapter or a
DataReader. The DataReader is a fast, read-only gateway of data.
You'll begin Frequently Asked
your understanding of the Questions
ADO.NET data providers by examining the Sql data provider
defined in the System.Data.SqlClient namespace. This name-space contains the classes necessary
Index
to manipulate
List of Figures the data providers.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Importing aApplied
Namespace
Before anything else,
Apressyou need
2003 to pages)
(928 decide what data provider you'll use in your applications. Once you've
decided, you need to include the namespace in your applications
This text provides extensive coverage so the namespace objects are available
to you. You include a namespace by adding an Imports directive,
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and followed by the namespace, to your
interfaces,
project. The following and takes
lines import theaSystem.Data,
comprehensive System.Data.Common,
look at XML
namespaces and
System.Data.SqlClient, andclasses, and how to integrate
System.Data.OleDb both with of ADO.NET:
namespaces
ADO.NET.
Imports System.Data
Table of Contents
Applied
ImportsADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
In later chapters,
Chapter 3
we discuss other data providers-such as Odbc and Oracle- and their related
namespaces.
Chapter
You can5 also
- Handling
accessADO.NET Events objects by specifying the full namespace when you declare the
a namespace's
objects. For example, the following code accesses the SqlConnection class of the
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows
System.Data.SqlClient namespaceForms
(inData-Bound Controls
this case, you don't need to use the Imports statement):
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Dim conn Exception Handling
As SqlConnection = New SqlClient.SqlConnection()
The previous
Chapter code SQLXML,
12 - Oracle, is equivalent
and to the .NET
Other following
Data code:
Providers
Chapter
Imports14 -System.Data.SqlClient
Dim conn
Chapter As SqlConnection
15 - Using = Services
ADO.NET in Xml Web New SqlConnection()
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Exploring the System.SqlClient
Applied Namespace
In this chapter, we use the
Apress SQL
2003 Server
(928 pages) database as the data source to test the code samples. Hence, we
use the System.Data.SqlClient (or justcoverage
This text provides extensive SqlClient) name-space
of ADO.NET most of the time. Before going any
technology
further, let's explore the SqlClient namespace and see what it
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and has to offer.
Table 4-1 describes the SqlClient
namespaces namespace
and classes, and how classes.
to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table 4-1: Sql Data Provider Classes
Table of Contents
CLASS DESCRIPTION
SqlClientPermission
Introduction Makes sure the user who is accessing the data has
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics permission to access a data source.
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual StudioSets
SqlClientPermissionAttribute .NETpermission attributes.
SqlCommand
Chapter 4 Represents a SQL statement or stored procedure.
Data can be returned in a DataReader by calling its
ExecuteReader method.
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Provides
SqlCommandBuilder Data-Bound Controls
a mechanism to generate automatic
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations commands for a table.
SqlConnection Represents a Connection object. This is first class
you need to use to connect to a data source.
SqlDataAdapter
Chapter Set ofProviders
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data commands that provides a link between
SqlConnection and DataSet.
SqlDataReader Reads using
dataASP.NET
in a forward-only direction through
SqlCommand.
SqlError Collects error and warnings returned by the data
source.
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations
SqlErrorCollection andgenerated
Collects errors Data Binding
by Sql data providers.
SqlException Exception handling class designed for Sql data
sources.
A - Relational Databases: Some BasicProvides
SqlInfoMessageEventArgs
Appendix Conceptsdata for the InfoMessage event.
SqlParameter This class represents a parameter used in
SqlCommand.
Index
ListSqlParameterCollection
of Figures A collection of parameters.
ListSqlRowUpdateEventArgs
of Tables Provides data for the RowUpdated event.
List of Listings
ListSqlRowUpdatingEventArgs
of Sidebars Provides data from the RowUpdating event.
SqlTransaction A transaction that can be processed at a data source.
Like the Sql data provider, the OleDb, ODBC, and other data providers implement the same class
hierarchy model. Programmatically, the only difference is the prefix for each data provider namespace and
the connection string. Internally, each data provider uses a different native data access technology to
access the data source. For example, the OleDb provider classes begin with OleDb, the Sql Server
provider namespace classes start with Sql, and the ODBC provider classes begin with Odbc . The
System.Data classes have no provider-specific prefix, of course, because the classes defined in the
System.Data and System.Data.Common namespaces are used in memory and are shared by all the
providers.
The way ADO.NET works is that once you've connected to a database and dumped the data into the in-
memory object (known as the DataSet), you can disconnect from the database and manipulate the data
until you're readybyto Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
write it back to the database. The data provider classes serve as a bridge for moving
data back and forth between memory and the database. In the next section we discuss how to initially
This text
connect to a database provides
using theseextensive
providerscoverage
and howoftoADO.NET technology
implement the data provider classes to allow data
to use this efficient bridge.
In the sections that follow we describe how to connect to various databases with the data providers. Then
ADO.NET.
we show you how to use the data provider classes to execute queries and stored procedures. Also, you'll
learn how these powerful classes work together and how the data providers differ in certain capabilities.
Table ofalso
You'll Contents
learn how to do transaction locking, batch transactions, and transaction rollbacks.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The Connection: Connecting
Applied ADO.NET: Building to a Data Solutions
Data-Driven Source
As you saw in Figure 4-1,
Apress the first
2003 object that interacts with a data source is the Connection object. You
(928 pages)
can bypass a Connection object by using acoverage
This text provides extensive DataAdapter directly,
of ADO.NET but in that case a DataAdapter
technology
uses the Connection internally. The Connection class has a
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and different name depending upon the data
interfaces, and
provider. The Connection takes
class for aOleDb,
comprehensive
Sql, and look
Odbcatare
XMLOleDbConnection, SqlConnection,
respectively. namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Creating a Connection
Table of Contents
TheSqlConnection
Applied class
ADO.NETBuilding provides Solutions
Data-Driven two forms of constructors. The first doesn't take any parameters,
and the second takes a parameter of a connection string that points to the database to which you want to
Introduction
attach. 1The
Chapter connection
- ADO.NET string contains the server name, database name, user ID, password, and more.
Basics
Listing 4-1 creates SqlConnection objects using both constructors.
Chapter
Listing44-1:
- ADO.NET
CreatinginSqlConnection
Objects
Dim connString As String = "user id=sa;password=password;" & _
"initial catalog=northwind;data source=Northwind;Connect Timeout=30"
Dim conn1 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(connString)
Dim conn2 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection()
conn2.ConnectionString .NET Data Provider
= connString
After creating
Chapter a connection,
14 - Developing you Web
Database call its Open method,
Applications using and when you're done with the connection, you call
ASP.NET
theClose
Chapter 15 -method.
Understanding the Connection Properties and Methods
TheConnection
Chapter 19 - Mappedclass (SqlConnection
Objects: in this case) and
Performance Considerations hasData
a connection
Binding string that contains a server and
a database
Chapter 20 - name. The connection
COM Interoperability andstring will vary depending upon the provider used. The connection
ADO.NET
string will
Chapter 21 typically contain a group of property-value pairs to describe how to connect to a database. For
- Messaging
theOleDbConnection
Chapter class,
22 - SQL Server and you have
ADO.NET: properties
Notes such as Provider and DataSource. For the
on Performance
SqlConnection class, you have the server name, initial catalog, user ID, and password. Table 4-2
describes the Connection class properties. (Based on the data provider, some of these properties may
not be applicable.)
Index
Table 4-2: Connection Object Properties
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ConnectionString The connection string.
ConnectionTimeOut Waiting
This text provides time while
extensive establishing
coverage a connection.
DataBase Name
interfaces, and of athe
takes current database.
DataSource ADO.NET. Filename of the data source.
Provider Name of the OLE DB provider. This property is not available for the
Table of Contents Sql and ODBC data providers.
Applied
StateADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Current state of the connection of type ConnectionState.
Introduction
1 - ADO.NET Basics Size of network packets. This is only available to Sql data providers.
PacketSize
Chapter
Chapter 2 - Data ComponentsSQL
ServerVersion in Visual Studio
Server .NET This is only available to Sql data providers.
version.
WorkStationId
Chapter 4 Database
- ADO.NET in Connected client ID. This is only available to Sql data providers.
Environments
A typical connection
Chapter 6
for SQL Server may also contain the security type, the workstation ID, and even the
network packet size. The following code is a connection string for a SQL Server called MCB:
connectionString
Chapter =
"data source=MCB;initial catalog=Northwind;"
+ "integrated security=SSPI;persist security info=False;"
+ "workstation id=MCB;packet size=4096";
TheConnection Database
can have Web states
different Applications using
such as ASP.NET
open, closed, connecting, and so on. The
ConnectionType in Xml defines
enumeration Web Services
the members of the ConnectionState.Table 4-3 describes its
members.
Table 4-3:
Chapter 18 - The ConnectionType
Object-Relational Enumeration
Mapping in .NET Members
MEMBER DESCRIPTION
Chapter
Broken21 - Messaging
Connection is broken after it was opened. This may be caused by network
failure.
Closed Connection is closed.
Connecting
Appendix Opening
C - ADO.NET a new
Frequently connection.
Asked Questions
Index
Executing The connection is executing a command.
List of Figures
ListFetching
of Tables Retrieving data from a data source.
ListOpen
of Listings
Connection is open and ready to use.
List of Sidebars
Table 4-4 describes the Connection class methods. You'll see some of these methods throughout this
chapter. The purpose of this table is to give you an idea of available methods.
Table 4-4: The Connection Class Members

METHOD DESCRIPTION
BeginTransaction Begins a database transaction.
ChangeDatabase Changes
This text provides databases
extensive for an
coverage of open connection.
ADO.NET technology
Close Closes
interfaces, and takesan open connection.
ADO.NET. Creates and returns a Command objects depends on the data provider.
CreateCommand
For example, OleDbConnection returns OleDbCommand, and
SqlConnection returns SqlCommand.
Table of Contents
Opens aSolutions
OpenADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
Applied new connection.
Introduction
ReleaseObjectPool Represents that the connection pooling can be cleared when the
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics provider is released. This is only available for OleDb data providers.
Chapter 4
Opening
Chapter 5
and Closing a Connection
Chapter
As you 6can- Integrating XML with
see from Listing 4-1,ADO.NET
the code creates two Connection objects: conn1 and conn2. It creates
conn1 with no connection string. Forms
If you Data-Bound
create Controls
a Connection object with no connection string, you must
set its ConnectionString
Chapter property
8 - Constraints and Data before you call the Open method of the Connection object. The
Relations
code creates
Chapter the conn2
9 - ADO.NET objectHandling
Exception with a connection string as an argument. As you can see from the
connection
Chapter 10 - string,
Working it consists of a provider
with the ODBC name
.NET Data and data source.
Provider
Note All the providers construct their connections in the same way. The thing that makes the
connection construction different from other different providers is the ConnectionString. For
example, the SqlClient namespace doesn't need to specify a provider string because Sql
Server is always the database when using this class.
After creating Server Controls
a Connection and
object, Data
you callBinding
its Open method to open a connection. The Open method
doesn't take any arguments. The following code opens a connection:
conn.Open()
When you're
Chapter done
22 - SQL with and
Server the connection, you on
ADO.NET: Notes callPerformance
its Close method to release the connection. The Close
method Aalso
Appendix doesn't take
- Relational any arguments.
Databases: The
Some Basic following code closes a connection:
Concepts
conn.Close()
Index
List of Figures
Listing 4-2 opens a connection with the Access 2000 Northwind database that resides in the C:\ directory.
List of Tables
As you can see, you check the connection state to see if the connection is already opened (which is
List of Listings
impossible in this code) or closed.
List of Sidebars
Listing 4-2: Connecting to an OleDb Database and Reading the OleDbConnection Properties

Dim ConnectionString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(ConnectionString)
' Open the connection
If conn.State <> ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Open()
MessageBox.Show("Connection state: " + conn.State.ToString())
End If
' Show the connection properties
MessageBox.Show("Connection Data-Driven
String :" + Solutions
conn.ConnectionString & _
", DataSource :" + conn.DataSource.ToString() ISBN:1590590732
& _
", Provider :" + conn.Provider.ToString() & _
This","
text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
+ conn.ServerVersion.ToString() & _
"," + conn.ConnectionTimeout.ToString())
' Close the connection
ADO.NET.
If conn.State = ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Close()
Table of MessageBox.Show("Connection
Contents state: " + conn.State.ToString())
End If Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
' Dispose the connection
Chapter
If1 (Not
- ADO.NET
conn Basics
Is Nothing) Then
Chapter conn.Dispose()
End
Chapter 3 If- ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Caution
Chapter 7
To utilize connection resources properly, it's always recommended to close open
connections and dispose of connections explicitly if you don't intend to use them again. If you
don't dispose of connections, the garbage collector will take care of it; however, the garbage
collector waits for a certain interval of time. To force the garbage collector to dispose of
connections, you call the Dispose method of the SqlConnection. The call to the
Dispose method destroys the connection resource immediately.
Chapter
You can13also
use the OleDb dataData Provider
provider to connect to SQL Server or other databases if you have an
Chapter
OLE DB 14data
- Developing Databasefor
provider installed Web Applications
that database.using ASP.NET
Listing 4-3 shows the connection for a SQL Server using
the OleDb
Chapter 15 -data provider.
Listing17
Chapter 4-3: Connecting
- Building to a SQL
Real-World Server Using the OleDb Data Provider
Web Applications
' Create
19 - Mapped Object Considerations and Data Binding
Objects: Performance
ChapterDim
20 -ConnectionString As
COM Interoperability and String = "Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;" & _
ADO.NET
"Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
"Persist
Chapter 22 - SQL Server andSecurity Info=false;"
ADO.NET: Notes & _
on Performance
"Initial
Appendix A - Relational Catalog=Northwind;"
Databases: Some Basic Concepts & _
"Data Source=MCB;"
Index
List of Figures
conn.Open()
List of Tables
MessageBox.Show("Connection state: " + conn.State.ToString())
List of Listings
End If
List of Sidebars
Now you'll connect to a SQL Server database using the Sql data provider. For this example, you'll use the
SQL Server 2000 Northwind database. Listing 4-4 shows the connection with the SQL Server database. As
you can see, the code first constructs a connection string with the SQL Server name MCB and the
database name Northwind. It uses Windows security in this connection, but depending on your SQL Server
setup you could alternatively use a SQL Server login and password. After constructing a connection string,
it calls the Open method to open the connection. After that it reads the connection properties and displays
them in a message box. In the end, it calls the Close method to close the connection and the Dispose
method to get rid of the connection resources.
Listing 4-4: Connecting to a SQL Server and Reading the SqlConnection Properties
Dim ConnectionString As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
"Initial
including Catalog=Northwind;Data
ADO.NET Source=MCB;"
internals, namespaces, classes, and
Dim conn Asinterfaces,
SqlConnection
and takes a =comprehensive
New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
look at XML
' Open the namespaces
connection and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
conn.Open()
Table ofMessageBox.Show("Connection
Contents state: " + conn.State.ToString())
End If
' Show the connection properties
Introduction
MessageBox.Show("Connection String :" + conn.ConnectionString & _
", Workstation Id:" + conn.WorkstationId.ToString() & _
", Packet Size :" + conn.PacketSize.ToString() & _
", Server Version " + conn.ServerVersion.ToString() & _
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET ",in DataSource
:" + conn.DataSource.ToString() & _
Chapter 5 - Handling",ADO.NET
Server Events
Version:" + conn.ServerVersion.ToString() & _
", XML with ADO.NET
Connection Time Out:" + conn.ConnectionTimeout.ToString())
' Close and Data Relations
the connection
If conn.State Handling
= ConnectionState.Open Then
Chapterconn.Close()
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Connection
11 - Stored Procedures and Views state: " + conn.State.ToString())
End12If- Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter
' Dispose
Chapter the connection
If (Not
Chapter conn IsDatabase
14 - Developing Nothing) Then
conn.Dispose()
End If
Chapter
You can 19even
- Mapped
pass aObjects:
user IDPerformance Considerations
and password and Data
in a connection Binding
string. For example, the following connection
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and
string uses a user ID and password: ADO.NET
Dim ConnectionString As String = "user id=sa;password=pass;" & _
Appendix A - Relational"Initial
Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=MCB;"
Index
List ofNote As you can see, we used MCB as the data source name. You can use localhost as your local
Figures
server.
List of Tables
List of Listings
Understanding Connection Pooling
List of Sidebars
Connection pooling is a mechanism to utilize and share connection resources already available in a
connection pool. In general, if an application needs a connection, it creates a new connection. There's a
whole process of establishing a new connection. When the application is done using a connection, it
closes the connection. Connection pooling plays a vital role in a three-tier development. For example, in a
three-tier development, say you're using a Web server. The opening and closing of a connection
consumes time and server resources in this scenario. Now say the application executes only a SELECT
statement, which returns only a few records from the database. It may be possible that establishing a
connection with the server may take more time than executing the query. This situation gets worse when
there are hundreds of users accessing the same server. Another scenario is that a user logs into a server
and then stays connected, never logging out. So, having a connection open until a user logs out is not a
feasible solution.
by Mahesh
So how does connection Chandhelp
pooling and in
David Talbot
this scenario? In the .NET Framework, when an application
ISBN:1590590732
Apress
closes a connection, theconnection goes to a pool of available connections and stays active for a certain
2003 (928 pages)
interval of time even
Thisafter you closeextensive
text provides the connection.
coverageWhen a user technology
of ADO.NET connects, the provider compares the
connection stringincluding ADO.NET internals,
to the connection strings in namespaces, classes,
the pool. If the string and
matches, then a connection is returned
interfaces,
from the pool instead and takes
of creating and aopening
a new connection.
ADO.NET.
The connection pooling mechanism works differently for different data providers. The Connection class
defines members that allow you to pool connection resources manually.
Table of Contents
OLE DB provides automatic connection pooling (also known as sessionpooling), which is handled by OLE
DB core components through its providers.
Introduction
Chapter
In ADO,1 you
- ADO.NET Basicsof the OLE DB Services parameter, which includes connection pooling as
set the value
well. This
Chapter 2 is an ADO
- Data connection
Components string Studio
in Visual passed to the Open method of an OLEDBConnection:
.NET
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Dim conn in Connected Environments
As OLEDBConnection = Nothing
Conn.Open("DSN=LocalServer;UID=sa;PWD=;OLE DB Services=-1")
Table 4-5
Chapter 8 -describes theand
Constraints values
Datafor the OLE DB Services parameter.
Relations
Table 4-5:
Chapter 10 - The OLEwith
Working DB the
Services Settings
Chapter 11 - Stored
SERVICES Procedures and Views
ENABLED VALUE
All services
Chapter (default) a Custom Data Provider
13 - Developing "OLE DB Services = 1;"
All services Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
except pooling "OLE DB Services = 2;"
All services
Chapter except Server
16 - ASP.NET poolingControls
and auto enlistment
and Data Binding
"OLE DB Services = 4;"
All services exceptReal-World Web Applications
client cursor "OLE DB Services = 5;"
All services except client cursor and pooling "OLE DB Services = 6;"
No services "OLE DB Services = 0;"
For example,
Appendix the following
A - Relational string Some
Databases: disables theConcepts
Basic connection pooling:
Dim connString
Appendix C - ADO.NET As String
Frequently = "Provider
Asked Questions = SQLOLEDB OLE DB Services = -2;" & _
"Data Source = MCB; Integrated Security = SSPI "
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
ADO .NET manages connection pooling automatically when you call the Close or Dispose method of a
List of Listings
Connection object. Once a pool is created, you can add connections to this pool until the pool reaches
List of Sidebars
its maximum size. You can define the maximum size of a connection pool using the connection string. If a
pool reaches its maximum size, the next added connection will join a queue and wait until the pool
releases an existing connection.
You create a pool when you call the Open method of a connection based on the connection string. If
you're using the same database for two Connection objects, but the connection string is different
(including spaces and single characters), each connection will be added to a different pool. For example,
Listing 4-5 creates two connections: conn1 and conn2. The ConnectionString1 and
ConnectionString2 connection strings are different for both connections. Because these connections
have different connection strings, they'll be added to two different pools.
Listing 4-5: Creating Two Connections with Different Strings

Dim ConnectionString1 As
by Mahesh Chand and String
David = "IntegratedISBN:1590590732
Talbot Security=SSPI;" & _
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;"
Apress 2003 (928 pages) & _
"Data Source=MCB;"
Dim conn1 As including
SqlConnection = New namespaces,
ADO.NET internals, SqlConnection(ConnectionString1)
classes, and
interfaces, andObject
' Create a Connection takes a comprehensive look at XML
namespaces and
Dim ConnectionString2 As classes,
String and=how to integrate both
"Integrated with
Security=SSPI;" & _
ADO.NET.
"Initial Catalog=Pubs;" & _
"Data Source=MCB;"
Dim
Table ofconn2 As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString2)
Contents
' Open connections
conn1.Open()
Introduction
conn2.Open()
MessageBox.Show("Connection1 " + conn1.State.ToString())
MessageBox.Show("Connection2 " + conn2.State.ToString())
' some code
conn1.Close()
conn2.Close()
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET" + conn1.State.ToString())
MessageBox.Show("Connection1
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms
MessageBox.Show("Connection2 " + Data-Bound Controls
conn2.State.ToString())
Caution
Chapter You must
11 - Stored alwaysand
Procedures callViews
the Close or Dispose method of Connection to close the
connection.
Chapter 12 - Oracle, Connections
SQLXML, that are
and Other .NET Datanot explicitly closed are not added or returned to the pool.
Providers
Even though the .NET Framework automatically manages connection pooling, you can customize the
connection pooling properties programmatically by passing them in a connection string or by setting them
using the Connection properties. A typical connection string with connection pooling parameters looks
like the following:
Dim ConnectionString As String = "user id=sa;password=pass;" & _
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=MCB;" & _
"Pooling='true';Connection Reset='false';" & _
Chapter"Connection
21 - Messaging Lifetime=5;Min Pool Size=3;Max Pool Size=20;"
Some ofBthe
Appendix pooling settings
- Commonly Used SQLareStatements
in the form of key-value pairs (see Table 4-6).
Table 4-6: Connection Pooling Settings
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
KEY DESCRIPTION
Connection Connection creation time is compared with the current time, and if time span
Lifetime exceeds the Connection Lifetime value, the object pooler destroys the
connection. The default value is 0, which will give a connection the maximum
timeout.
Determines whether a connection is reset after it was removed from the
Connection ADO.NET.
Reset pool. The default value is True.
Max Pool
Table of Contents Maximum number of connection allowed in the pool. The default value is
Size 100.
Introduction
Min Pool Minimum number of connections allowed in the pool. The default value is 0.
Chapter
Size1 - ADO.NET Basics
Pooling WhenTrue (the default), the connection is drawn from the pool or created if
necessary.
TheOleDbConnection class provides a ReleaseObjectPool method you can use to free resources
reserved for a connection. You call this method when this connection won't be used again. To call
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and
ReleaseObjectPool, first Windows Forms
you call the Data-Bound
Close method.Controls
Listing 4-6 shows how to use
ReleaseObjectPool.
Listing10
Chapter 4-6: Callingwith
- Working ReleaseObjectPool
Chapter 12 - Oracle,and
' Connection SQLXML,
SQL and Other .NET Data Providers
strings
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom
Dim ConnectionString As Data Provider
String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
Chapter
"Data14Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
- Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter
Dim SQL15 -As
Using ADO.NET
String = in"SELECT
Xml Web Services
OrderID, Customer, CustomerID FROM Orders"
' Create
Chapter connection
16 - ASP.NET objectand Data Binding
Server Controls
Dim conn
Chapter As OleDbConnection
17 - Building = New OleDbConnection(ConnectionString)
conn.Open()
' do something
conn.Close()
OleDbConnection.ReleaseObjectPool()
If (Not conn Is Nothing) Then
conn.Dispose()
End If
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Using the CreateCommand and ChangeDatabase Methods
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
TheSqlConnection class provides two more useful methods: the CreateCommand and
ChangeDatabase methods. The CreateCommand method creates a SqlCommand object, which will be
associated with the Connection object. In general, when you create a SqlCommand object, you need to
pass a SqlConnection argument to connect to a connection, but if you use the CreateCommand
method of SqlConnection, you don't need to do so.
The following code creates a SqlCommand using the CreateCommand method of an already existing
SqlConnection object:
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = conn.CreateCommand()

cmd.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
' Do something with the command
We discuss SqlCommand
by MaheshinChand
more and
detail in the
David following section.
TheChangeDatabase method of the SqlConnection object is a relief to developers who frequently
have to change the database to which they're connected. This feature was missing in previous
technologies, andinterfaces,
the only way
and out of athis
takes problem waslook
comprehensive to disconnect
at XML the connection and then reconnect
to the new database. The ChangeDatabase
namespaces and classes, and howmethod does theboth
to integrate same
withthing, but it does so internally so that
ADO.NET.
developers can continue using the same SqlConnection object. The following code opens a connection
to the Northwind database and later changes the database source using the ChangeDatabase:
Table of Contents
' Create
Applied a Connection
ADO.NETBuilding Object
Introduction
"Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=MCB;"
Dim conn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
conn.Open()
conn.ChangeDatabase("pubs")
Chapter'5 Do- Handling ADO.NET
something Events
with the command
ChapterMessageBox.Show(conn.Database.ToString())
Chapter'7 Close
- Data the
Binding and Windows and
connection Formscall
Data-Bound Controls
Dispose
Chapter 8 conn.Close()
Chapter 9 conn.Dispose()
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The Command:
AppliedExecuting SQL
ADO.NET: Building Statements
TheCommand object
Apressallows you
2003 topages)
(928 directly execute SQL statements such as INSERT,SELECT,UPDATE,
andDELETE against a data source for reading,
This text provides extensive writing,ofand
coverage updating
ADO.NET a database. You can also use the
technology
Command object including
to execute stored procedures. The SqlCommand,
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and OleDbCommand, and OdbcCommand
classes representinterfaces, and takes
the Command a comprehensive
objects look and
in the Sql, OleDb, at XML
ODBC data providers, respectively.
ADO.NET.
Table 4-7 describes some of the more important properties of the Command class for the Sql data
provider. The CommandText listed in this table can contain either a SQL statement or a stored procedure
name. The CommandType determines which one of these forms the CommandText takes.
Table of Contents
Table 4-7: The Command Properties
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics DESCRIPTION
PROPERTY
CommandText
Chapter 3
Could be a SQL statement, a stored procedure, or a database table
name depending on the CommandType
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NETWait
CommandTimeout Events
time before terminating the execute command
CommandType An enumeration of values Text,StoredProcedure, or
TableDirect
Connection
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET ExceptionAConnection
Handling representing the ActiveConnection
DesignTimeVisible Indicates whether the command should be visible at design-time
Parameters
Chapter A collection
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and of parameters
Other .NET (SqlParameterCollection)
Data Providers
Transaction A transaction
15 - Using ADO.NET inRepresents
UpdateRowSource
Chapter how command results are applied to a DataRow when
Xml Web Services
used byand
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls theData
Update method
Binding
Listing 4-7 creates a SqlCommand object, sets its properties, and then reads back its properties to display
Chapter 19 - Mapped
them. You'll see theObjects: Performance
rest of the Considerations
propertiessuch and Data Bindingthe related sections of this chapter.
as Transactionin
Listing21
Chapter 4-7: Setting and Getting SqlCommand Properties
- Messaging
' Connection andDatabases: Some Basic Concepts
SQL strings
Appendix
DimB -ConnectionString
Commonly Used SQL Statements
As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
Appendix C - ADO.NET FrequentlyCatalog=Northwind;Data
"Initial Asked Questions Source=MCB;"
Index Dim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Orders"
List of Figures
' Create connection object
List of Tables
' Create command object
List of Listings
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand()
List of Sidebars
cmd.Connection = conn
cmd.CommandText = SQL
cmd.CommandTimeout = 30
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
' Open connection
conn.Open()
' Read Command properties
Dim str As String
str = "Connection String: " + cmd.Connection.ConnectionString.ToString()
str = str + " , SQL Statement :" + cmd.CommandText
str = str + " , Timeout :" + cmd.CommandTimeout.ToString()
str = str + " , CommandTyoe:" + cmd.CommandType.ToString()
' close connection ISBN:1590590732
Apress
conn.Close() 2003 (928 pages)
'Dispose This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
conn.Dispose()
ADO.NET.
Creating a Command Object

Table of Contents
There are a number of ways to construct a Command object. You can create a Command and set its
Introduction
connection and SQL string, or you can create a Command by passing the connection string and SQL string
as parameters of the Command constructor.
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
The following in Disconnected
examples Environments
show you three different ways to create a Command object. This code constructs a
Chapter 4 - and
connection ADO.NET in string:
a SQL Connected Environments
' Connection and XML
SQLwith ADO.NET
strings
Dim ConnectionString As StringForms= Data-Bound Controls
"Initialand Data Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
' Create Exception
connection Handling
object
Dim conn
10 - Working = New
with the ODBC .NET DataSqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Provider
Dim SQL
Chapter 11 -As String
Stored = "SELECT
Procedures and Views* FROM Orders"
Now create a SqlCommand object using a constructor with no arguments. Later you set SqlCommand's
Connection and CommandText properties to connect to a Connection and set the SQL statement,
which this command will be executing:
Dim cmd1 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand()
cmd1.Connection = conn
cmd1.CommandText = SQL
cmd1.CommandTimeout = 30
cmd1.CommandType ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
= CommandType.Text
In the second
Appendix form, you
C - ADO.NET create aAsked
Frequently Questions object by directly passing a SQL query and the
SqlCommand
SqlConnection object as the first and second arguments:
Index
List of Figures
//ofCreate
List Tables command object
Dim
List cmd2 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(SQL, conn)
of Listings
List of Sidebars
The third way of creating a Command object is to create a command by just passing a SQL query as the
argument and setting its Connection property later:
// Create command object

Dim cmd3 As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(SQL)
cmd3.Connection = conn
Listing 4-8 shows you how to connect to the Northwind SQL Server database, read all the records from the
Orders table, and output the first and second field's data to the console. The new things you'll notice in this
code are ExecuteReader and SqlDataReader. A SqlDataReader is a DataReader class, and
ExecuteReader fills data from a data source to the DataReader based on the SQL query. (We discuss
Applied
DataReader classes ADO.NET:
in the Building Data-Driven Solutions
next section.)
Apress
Listing 4-8: Using 2003 (928 to
SqlCommand Read Data from a Database
pages)
' Connection interfaces,
and SQLand strings
takes a comprehensive look at XML
Dim ConnectionString
namespaces Asand String = how
classes, and "Integrated Security=SSPI;"
to integrate both with & _
ADO.NET.
Dim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Orders"
Table of Contents
Introduction
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(SQL)
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET =
cmd.Connection Basics
conn
Chapter
' Open 2 connection
conn.Open()
Chapter
' Call 4 command's
- ADO.NET in ExecuteReader
Dim reader ADO.NET Events = cmd.ExecuteReader()
As SqlDataReader
Chapter
If Not
Chapter reader.IsDBNull(0)
7 - Data ThenData-Bound Controls
Binding and Windows Forms
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations reader.GetInt32(0).ToString())
Console.Write("OrderID:" +
Console.Write("
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception,") Handling
Console.WriteLine("Customer:" + reader.GetString(1).ToString())
End If
End While
' close reader and connection
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
'Dispose
conn.Dispose()
Chapter 20 - of
The output COM Interoperability
Listing 4-8 will list and ADO.NET
records from the Customers table to the console.
Creating and Using OleDbCommand
Like the BSqlCommand
Appendix object,
- Commonly Used SQLyou create OleDb and ODBC Command objects by using the
Statements
OleDbCommand
Appendix and Frequently
C - ADO.NET OdbcCommandAskedclasses. You can pass the same arguments as discussed previously.
Questions
The only difference is the connection string. For example, Listing 4-9 uses OleDbCommand and
Index
OleDbConnection
List of Figures to connect to a SQL Server database. As you can see, the only changes are the
class
List prefixes and the connection string. Similarly, you can use the OdbcCommand object.
of Tables
List of Listings
Listing 4-9: UsingOleCommand to Access an Access Database
List of Sidebars
' Connection and SQL strings

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(SQL)
' Open connection
conn.Open()
Applied ADO.NET:
' Call command's Building Data-Driven Solutions
ExecuteReader
by Mahesh Chand
Dim reader As OleDbDataReader and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
= cmd.ExecuteReader()
Apress
While reader.Read() 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides extensive+coverage
Console.Write("OrderID:" of ADO.NET technology
reader.GetInt32(0).ToString())
including ADO.NET
Console.Write(" ,") internals, namespaces, classes, and
Console.WriteLine("Customer:"
namespaces and classes, and how + to reader.GetString(1).ToString())
integrate both with
End WhileADO.NET.
reader.Close()
Table of Contents
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose() Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 3
Using the
Chapter 4
CommandType Enumeration
Chapter 5 - Handlingenumeration
TheCommandType ADO.NET Events
decides what type of object a command will be executed as. The
CommandType enumerationXML with
canADO.NET
have any of the three values defined in Table 4-8.
Chapter 8 - The
Table 4-8: Constraints and DataEnumeration
CommandType Relations Members
MEMBERS DESCRIPTION
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures
StoredProcedure The and
nameViews
of the stored procedure.
TableDirect TheCommandText property should be set to the table name, and all
rows and columns in the table will be returned.
Chapter
Text15 - Using ADO.NETAinSQL
Xmltext
Webcommand.
Services
As you can see from Table 4-8, you can call a stored procedure, use TableDirect, or execute a SQL
command. We present these options individually in the following sections.
Calling a Stored Procedure
Calling stored procedures using the Command object is similar to executing a SQL query. This section
gives you a quick overview of how to execute stored procedures. (We cover stored procedures in more
detail in Chapter 11.)
Index
You need to set the CommandType property of a Command object before calling a stored procedure. By
List of Figures
default, the CommandType property is Text. If you want to call a stored procedure, you need to set the
List of Tables
CommandType to StoredProcedure and the CommandText to the stored procedure name. After that
youofcan
List call the ExecuteReader method or other methods. You can also pass parameters to the
Listings
procedure
List by setting parameter values in the Command and then calling ExecuteReader on the
of Sidebars
Command object. Alternatively, you can pass a procedure name as a string when creating a Command
object.Listing 4-10 shows the settings of the CommandType and CommandText properties of
SqlCommand. As you can see, it calls an existing SQL Server Northwind database stored procedure,
Sales By Year.
Listing 4-10: Calling a Stored Procedure Using SqlCommand
' Create a SqlCommand with stored procedure as string

Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("Sales By Year", conn)
' set Command's CommandType as StoredProcedure
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
Note Executing stored procedures can be helpful in improving the performance of an application in
multiuser and Web applications because a stored procedure executes on the server itself.
includinginADO.NET
The Northwind database internals,
SQL Server namespaces,
contains classes,
a few stored and
procedures. One is called Sales By Year
(see Listing 4-11).namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Listing 4-11: The Sales By Year Stored Procedure in the Northwind Database
Table of Contents
SELECT Orders.ShippedDate, Orders.OrderID, "Order Subtotals".Subtotal,
DATENAME(yy,ShippedDate) AS Year
Introduction
FROM Orders INNER JOIN "Order Subtotals" ON Orders.OrderID =
Chapter 1 -Subtotals".OrderID
"Order ADO.NET Basics WHERE Orders.ShippedDate
Chapter 2 - Data
BETWEEN Components in Visual
@Beginning_Date ANDStudio .NET
@Ending_Date
This stored
Chapter procedure takes
6 - Integrating twoADO.NET
XML with parameters, Beginning_Date and Ending_Date. The procedure
selects7all -ofData
Chapter the Binding
orders between theseForms
and Windows two dates. It alsoControls
Data-Bound performs a join with the Order Subtotals
from the
Chapter 8 Order Subtotaland
- Constraints view, which
Data calculates the subtotals of each. If you want to execute this stored
Relations
procedure-inADO.NET
Chapter 9
ADO.NET, you just create a Command object of type StoredProcedure and then call the
Exception Handling
Command object's ExecuteReader method. You then cycle through the results in the reader that you're
looking for from your stored procedure. Listing 4-12 executes a stored procedure that selects all the orders
in July and displays their order IDs.
Chapter
4-12: Executinga Custom Data Provider
and Reading the Results of a Stored Procedure
Chapter'18 - Object-Relational
Create connection Mapping in .NET
object
ChapterDim19 -conn
Mapped AsObjects: Performance Considerations
SqlConnection and Data Binding
= New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Chapter'20 - COM Interoperability
Create a SqlCommand and with
ADO.NETstored procedure as string
ChapterDim21 -cmd
Messaging
As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("Sales By Year", conn)
Chaptercmd.Connection
22 - SQL Server and=ADO.NET:
conn Notes on Performance
Appendix' Aset- Relational
Command's Databases: Some Basic as
CommandType Concepts
StoredProcedure
Appendix' C Create
- ADO.NETa SqlParameter and add a parameter
Index Dim parm1 As SqlParameter = cmd.Parameters.Add("@Beginning_Date", _
SqlDbType.DateTime,
List of Figures 20)
parm1.Value = "7/1/1996"
List of Tables
Dim parm2 As SqlParameter = cmd.Parameters.Add("@Ending_Date", _
List of Listings
SqlDbType.DateTime, 20)
List of Sidebars
parm2.Value = "7/31/1996"
' Open connection
conn.Open()
' Call ExecuteReader to execute the stored procedure
Dim reader As SqlDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
Dim orderlist As String = ""
' Read data from the reader
While reader.Read()
Dim result As String = reader("OrderID").ToString()
orderlist += result + " "
End While
' close the connection and reader
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose() ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
' Print data on the console pages)
Console.WriteLine("Orders incoverage
July")of ADO.NET technology
Console.WriteLine("===============") classes, and
Console.WriteLine(orderlist)
ADO.NET.
Table
If youofwanted
Contents
to look at the subtotals along with the orders, you'd just add a DataReader index for
dereferencing the subtotalData-Driven Solutions
and concatenate with the order ID. Listing 4-13 shows the new DataReader
Introduction
loop.
Listing24-13:
Chapter Adding
- Data the Subtotal
Components Listing
in Visual Studioto the Output of the Stored Procedure Results
.NET
Chapter
Dim nextID
Chapter As String
5 - Handling = reader("OrderID").ToString()
ADO.NET Events
Dim nextSubtotal
Chapter Aswith
6 - Integrating XML String = reader("Subtotal").ToString()
ADO.NET
orderlist
Chapter +=
7 - Data nextID
Binding + ", " Forms
and Windows + nextSubtotal + ", "
Data-Bound Controls
End While
The result of replacing this line of code in Listing 4-13 gives output that returns order IDs and subtotals in
the month of July in the Northwind database.
Using TableDirect
You can also use the TableDirect CommandType to read information directly from a table. You need
Chapter
to make17two
- Building
changes Real-World Web Applications
in the example to execute a table by setting TableDirect. First, you need to set
Chapter 18 - CommandText
Command's Object-Relationalproperty
Mappingtointhe
.NET
table name; second, you need to set the CommandType
Chapter 19to- CommandType.TableDirect.
property Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
The following
Chapter code reads the Customers table and sets the CommandType property to
21 - Messaging
CommandType.TableDirect:
cmd.CommandText
Appendix B - Commonly = "Customers"
Used SQL Statements
cmd.CommandType
Appendix = CommandType.TableDirect
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Listing 4-14 reads information from the Customers table by setting the TableDirect method and
List of Listings
displaying it on the console.
List of Sidebars
Listing 4-14: UsingTableDirect to Read a Table

Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand()
cmd.CommandText = "Customers"
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.TableDirect
conn.Open()
Dim reader As OleDbDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
Console.WriteLine("Customer Data-Driven
Id, ContactSolutions
Name, Company Name")
Console.WriteLine("=======================================") ISBN:1590590732
Apress
While reader.Read() 2003 (928 pages)
Console.Write(reader("CustomerID").ToString())
including ADO.NET
Console.Write(", " +internals, namespaces, classes, and
reader("ContactName").ToString())
Console.WriteLine(",
namespaces and classes, " +andreader("CompanyName").ToString())
how to integrate both with
End WhileADO.NET.
' release objects
reader.Close()
Table of Contents
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose() Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 3
Executing
Chapter 4
a Command
Chapter 5 saw
You just - Handling ADO.NET Eventsmethod, which reads data from a data source and fills the
the ExecuteReader
DataReader object depending on the data provider. Besides ExecuteReader, the Command object
defines three more execute and methods.
Windows Forms
TheseData-Bound
methods areControls
ExecuteNonQuery,ExecuteScalar, and
Chapter 8 - Constraints .and
ExecuteXmlReader TheData Relations
ExecuteReader method produces a DataReader, which is the solution for
streaming
Chapter 9 -data through
ADO.NET ADO.NET.
Exception (We discuss the DataReader in more details in "The DataReader:
Handling
Walking
Chapter 10through thewith
- Working Data.")
TheExecuteNonQuery method allows you to execute a SQL statement or a Command object with the
CommandText property and a SQL statement without using a DataSet. This method doesn't take any
parameters and returns the number of rows affected by the execute operation.
Chapter 15 - Using
For example, you ADO.NET in Xml
could have Web Services
an UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE statement in your CommandText and then
callExecuteNonQuery
Chapter to execute
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls itand
directly
Data on your database.
Binding
Listing 4-15 shows how to insert a row into the Northwind database using the ExecuteNonQuery
method. You can even use UPDATE and DELETE SQL queries to update and delete data from a database.
(We use these statements in later examples.) In this example, you create an INSERT query and call
ExecuteNonQuery.
Chapter
Listing22 - SQL
4-15: ServerRecords
Adding and ADO.NET: Notes Using
to a Table on Performance
the INSERT SQL Statement
Index
List
Dim of Figures
conn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Listopen
of Tables
an existing Connection to the Database and Create a
List
' of Listings Object with it:
Command
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("Customers", conn)
' Assign the SQL Insert statement we want to execute to the CommandText
cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO Customers" & _
"(Address, City, CompanyName, ContactName, CustomerID)" & _
"VALUES ('111 Broad St.', 'NY', 'Xerox', 'Fred Biggles', 1400)"
' Call ExecuteNonQuery on the Command Object to execute insert
Dim res As Integer
res = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Console.WriteLine("Affected Rows :" + res.ToString())
' release objects
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
Note If you'reThis text provides
deleting, extensive
inserting, coverage
and updating of ADO.NET
data with knowntechnology
parameters, using Execute methods
is faster than using DataAdapter'sUpdate method. classes, and
is a handy method for using a SQL statement that retrieves a single value. A good
ExecuteScalarADO.NET.
example of this is retrieving the number of rows from a database. Listing 4-16 retrieves the total number of
rows from the Customers table. Then you assign the SQL command for getting the row count in
Customers
Table to the Command object, and you call ExecuteScalar to retrieve the counter.
of Contents
Listing 4-16: Using the ExecuteScalar Method to Retrieve a Single Value
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Data a
' Create Components in Visual
Connection Studio .NET
Object
Chapter As String
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
Environments
Chapter 4 "Initial
- ADO.NET Catalog=Northwind;Data
in Connected Environments Source=MCB;"
ChapterDim
5 -conn AsADO.NET
Handling SqlConnection
Events = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Chapter'6 open an existing
- Integrating XML with Connection
ADO.NET to the Database and Create a
Chapter'7 Command Object
- Data Binding with it:
conn.Open()
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("Customers", conn)
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT Count(*) FROM Customers"
Dim res As Integer
Chapterres
13 -=Developing a Custom Data Provider
cmd.ExecuteScalar()
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Total
14 - Developing Database Web Applications
Rows :"using ASP.NET
+ res.ToString())
Chapter'15 - Using ADO.NET
release objects in Xml Web Services
Chapterconn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
If you run
Chapter 21 Listings 4-17, it will display only the total row number on the console.
- Messaging
Listing 4-17: DataReader Reads Data from a SQL Server Database
' Create
Appendix a Connection
C - ADO.NET FrequentlyObject
Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Dim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
List of Listings
' open a connection
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(SQL, conn)
Dim res As Integer
' Call ExecuteReader to return a DataReader
Console.WriteLine("Customer ID, Contact Name," & _
"Contact Title, Address")
Console.WriteLine("===================================")
While reader.Read()
If Not reader.IsDBNull(0) Then
Console.Write(reader("CustomerID").ToString() + ", ")
Console.Write(reader("ContactName").ToString() + ", ")
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions+ ", ")
Console.Write(reader("ContactTitle").ToString()
Console.WriteLine(reader("Address").ToString() ISBN:1590590732
+ ", ")
End If Apress 2003 (928 pages)
End While This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Console.WriteLine("Affected namespaces,
Records: " & _classes, and
'reader.RecordsAffected.ToString())
' release objects
ADO.NET.
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
Table of Contents
Introduction
Using Other Command Methods
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
TheCancel method in
of Disconnected
a SqlCommand Environments
object tries to cancel an execute operation. If there's no execute
operation or the Cancel method fails to cancel the execution, nothing happens.
TheCreateParameter
Chapter method
6 - Integrating XML creates a SqlParameter object.
with ADO.NET
ThePrepare method creates a prepared version of the command. It doesn't affect the operation if
CommandType is TableDirect. Before calling this method, you need to specify the data type of each
parameter in the statement to be prepared.
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and
TheResetCommandTimeout Viewsresets the command timeout value to the default value, which is
method
Chapter 12 -
30 seconds. Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
We use14these
Chapter methodsDatabase
- Developing in later examples.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataReader: Walking
Applied ADO.NET: through
Building the Data
As discussed earlier in this
Apress chapter,
2003 there are two common ways to fetch data from a data source: using a
(928 pages)
DataSet and using a DataReader. A DataReader
This text provides extensive coverage ofprovides
ADO.NET antechnology
easy way for the programmer to read
data from a database as if it were coming from a stream. The
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and DataReader is the solution for forward-
interfaces,
streaming data through and takes
ADO.NET. a comprehensive
The DataReader look at XML
is also called a firehose cursor or forward, read-
namespaces
onlycursor because it moves and classes,
forward and how
through to integrate
the data. both with
The DataReader not only allows you to move
ADO.NET.
forward through each record of a database, but it also enables you to parse the data from each column.
Similar to other data components, each data provider has a DataReader class. For example,
Table of Contents
OleDbDataReader is the DataReader class for OleDb data providers. Similarly, SqlDataReader and
ODBC DataReader are DataReader classes for the Sql and ODBC data providers, respectively.
Introduction
Initializing
Chapter 2 - Data a DataReader
As you saw previously, you call the ExecuteReader method of the Command object, which returns an
instance of the DataReader. For example, you use the following code:
Chapter 11 - Stored
Once you're Procedures
done with and Views call the Close method to close a DataReader:
a DataReader,
reader.Close()
Understanding DataReader Properties and Methods
Chapter 18 -describes
Table 4-9 Object-Relational Mapping inproperties,
the DataReader .NET and Table 4-10 describes the DataReader methods.
Chapter 20 - The
Table 4-9: COMDataReader
Properties
Appendix
DepthA - Relational Databases: Some
Indicates the Basic
depthConcepts
of nesting for a row
FieldCount Returns
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently number
Asked of columns in a row
Questions
Index
IsClosed Indicates whether a DataReader is closed
List of Figures
Item
List of Tables
Gets the value of a column in native format
ListRecordsAffected
of Listings Number of rows affected after a transaction
List of Sidebars
Table 4-10: The DataReader Methods

METHOD DESCRIPTION
Close Closes a DataReader object.
IsDBNull Represents
This whether
text provides a column
extensive contains
coverage null values.
Read Reads the
interfaces, next
and record
takes in the DataReader.
Advances the DataReader to the next result during batch transactions.
NextResult ADO.NET.
GetXXX There are dozens of GetXXX methods. These methods read a specific data
Table of Contents type value from a column. For example, GetChar will return a column value as
a character
Applied ADO.NETBuilding and GetString
Data-Driven Solutions as a string.
Introduction
Reading
Chapter 2 with
- Data the DataReader
Once a4DataReader
Chapter - ADO.NET inisConnected
initialized,Environments
you can utilize its various methods to read your data records. Foremost,
you can use
Chapter 5
the Read method, which, when called repeatedly, continues to read each row of data into the
DataReader object. The DataReader also provides a simple indexer that enables you to pull each
column of data from the row. Listing 4-17 is an example of using the DataReader in the Northwind
database for the Customers table and displaying data on the console.
Chapter
As you 9can- ADO.NET Exception
see, you use similarHandling
steps as in previous examples. Initially, you create a Connection object,
Chapter 10Command
create a - Workingobject,
with the ODBC
call .NET Data Provider method, call the DataReader'sRead method until
the ExecuteReader
the end11
Chapter of -the data,Procedures
Stored and then display the data. At the end, you release the DataReader and
and Views
Connection
Chapter objects.
Figure 4-2 shows the output of Listing 4-17.
Figure 4-2: Output of the Customers table from the DataReader
Index
List of Figures
SqlDataReader provides many Read methods, which allow you to get the value of a column as a
List of Tables
specific type. For instance, you could rewrite this line from the previous example:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim str As String = reader("CustomerID").ToString()
as this:
Dim str As String = reader.GetString(0)
With the GetString method of CustomerID, you don't need to do any conversion, but you do have to
know the zero-based column number of CustomerID (which, in this case, is zero).
InterpretingApplied
Batches of Building
ADO.NET: Queries Data-Driven Solutions
TheDataReader also has methods that enable you to read data from a batch of SQL queries. The
following is an example of a batch transaction on the Customers and Orders tables. The NextResult
method allows you to obtain each query result from the batch of queries performed on both tables. In this
example, after creating a Connection
interfaces, object, you setlook
and takes a comprehensive up your Command object to do a batch query on the
at XML
Customers and the Orders tables:
ADO.NET.
Dim cmd as SqlCommand = new SqlCommand(

Table"SELECT * FROM Customers;SELECT * FROM Orders",
of Contents
conn)
Introduction
Chapter
Now you1 can- ADO.NET Basics
create the Reader through the Command object. You then use a result flag as an indicator to
Chapter
check if2 you've
- Datagone
Components
through in
all Visual StudioThen
the results. .NET you loop through each stream of results and read the
Chapter 3 a-string
data into ADO.NET
untilinit Disconnected Environments
reads 10 records. After that, you show results in a message box (see Listing 4-18).
Listing54-18:
Chapter Executing
- Handling Batches
ADO.NET Using DataReader
Events
Chapter 7 - Data
' Create Binding and Windows
a Connection ObjectForms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data
Dim ConnectionString As Relations
String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
Chapter "Initial
Dim conn with the ODBC .NET
As SqlConnection DataSqlConnection(ConnectionString)
= New Provider
Dim SQL
Chapter 11 -As String
Stored = "SELECT
Procedures and Views* FROM Customers; SELECT * FROM Orders"
' open
Chapter 12 a- Oracle,
connection
conn.Open()
Dim cmd
Chapter 14 -As SqlCommand
Developing = Web
Database NewApplications
SqlCommand(SQL, conn)
using ASP.NET
' Call
Chapter 15 ExecuteNonQuery onWeb
- Using ADO.NET in Xml the Command Object to execute insert
Services
Dim res As Integer
Dim str As String = ""
Dim counter As Integer
Dim bNextResult As Boolean = True
Chapter
While21bNextResult
- Messaging = True
Chapter
While -reader.Read()
22 SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Appendix
strA +=- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts + " ,"
reader.GetValue(0).ToString()
counter = counter Used SQL
+ 1Statements
If counter = 10Frequently
Then Asked Questions
Index Exit While
End
List of If
Figures
End
List While
of Tables
ListMessageBox.Show(str)
of Listings
bNextResult
List of Sidebars = reader.NextResult()
End While
' release objects
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
After that you call the NextResult method, which gets the next query result in the batch. The result is
processed again in the Read method loop. The code displays data from both tables.
Tip One of theApplied
commonlyADO.NET:
askedBuilding
questionsData-Driven Solutionsdiscussion forums and newsgroups is
on ADO.NET-related
about whenby Mahesh Chand and David
to use DataReader vs. Talbot
when to use a DataSet. Here is a simple answer: You use a
ISBN:1590590732
DataReaderApressinstead of apages)
2003 (928 DataSet when you need read-only data and you don't need to alter
the data. This
Seetext
the provides
"Using aextensive coverage
DataSet vs. Using of ADO.NET technology
a DataReader" section for a more in-depth answer.
Understanding Command Behaviors
ADO.NET.
TheExecuteReader method of a Command object such as SqlCommand has two over-loaded forms, as
shown:
Table of Contents
Overloads Public Function ExecuteReader() As SqlDataReader
Introduction
Overloads Public Function ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior) As SqlDataReader
Chapter 3 form
The first - ADO.NET
doesn'tintake
any arguments, but the second form takes an argument of type
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET inThe
CommandBehavior. Connected
Command Environments
behavior can control the action and return data as a result of
executing
Chapter 5 a - Handling
Command. ADO.NET Events
The default
Chapter 7
value passed in the ExecuteReader is CommandBehavior.Default, which returned the
same results as ExecuteReader with no arguments.
WhenCommandBehavior.CloseConnection is passed in ExecuteReader, the associated
Connection objectwith the ODBC
is closed when.NET
the Data Provider is closed. In this case, you don't have to call
DataReader
SqlConnection.Close and Views
explicitly.
You can
Chapter 13fetch only a single
- Developing row from
a Custom Data aProvider
database by executing a SqlCommand. The
CommandBehavior.SingleRow
Chapter value
14 - Developing Database Web passed in
Applications ExecuteReader
using ASP.NET returns the single row from a table
instead15
Chapter of -the result
Using set. in Xml Web Services
ADO.NET
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data provides
CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess Binding a way for the DataReader to handle rows that
contain large binary values (BLOB data) such as images or memo fields. SequentialAccess values
enableDataReader to load Mapping
data as ainstream
.NET of bytes or characters.
By setting
Chapter 20 -the Interoperability and ADO.NET value, the DataReader doesn't return data. It returns the
CommandBehavior.KeyInfo
COM
table column
Chapter and primary key information instead. This is useful when you're collecting metadata.
21 - Messaging
TheCommandBehavior.SchemaOnly value returns column information only.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataAdapter: Adapting
Applied ADO.NET: toData-Driven
Building Your Environment
Solutions
As you saw in Figure 4-1,
Apress a DataAdapter
2003 (928 pages) plays a vital role in the ADO.NET architecture. It sits between a
data source and a DataSet, and it passes data
This text provides extensive coveragefrom of
the data source
ADO.NET to the DataSet, and vice versa, with
technology
or without using commands.
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and as DataSet, DataTable,
Now you'll use disconnected classes such
interfaces, and takes atocomprehensive
DataView, and DataViewManager look
write interactive at XML applications based on Windows Forms
database
and Web Forms.namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
TheDataAdapter enables you to connect to a database and specify SQL strings for retrieving data from or
writing data to a DataSet. As you know, a DataSet represents in-memory cached data. An in-memory
Table of Contents
object frees you from the confines of the specifics of a database and allows you to deal with the data in
memory. The DataAdapter serves as an intermediary between the database and the DataSet.
Introduction
Constructing
2 - Data Components in Visual Studio Object
.NET
TheDataAdapter constructor has many overloaded forms. You can create a DataAdapter using a
constructor with no arguments, pass a Command object, pass a Command object with Connection object as
arguments, or use a combination of these. You can also specify a SQL statement as a string for querying a
Chapter 6 table
particular - Integrating
or moreXML thanwith
oneADO.NET
table. You can also specify the connection string or a Connection object
to connect to the database. Listing 4-19 Forms Data-Bound
creates Controls
four SqlDataAdapter instances with different approaches.
Chapter
As you 8can- Constraints
see, the code andfirst
Data Relations
creates and opens SqlConnection and SqlCommand objects. Later you use
Chapter 9 -objects
these two ADO.NET Exception
to create Handling
DataAdapters. The first DataAdapter,da1, takes only one parameter of type
SqlCommand. with SqlCommand
Because the ODBC .NETalready
Data Provider
has a SqlConnection, there's no need to specify a
connection
Chapter 11 - explicitly with the DataAdapter.
Stored Procedures and Views The second DataAdapter,da2, is created using no
argument,
Chapter 12 -and laterSQLXML,
Oracle, its SelectCommand
and Other .NET property is set to a SqlCommand. The third DataAdapter,da3,
Data Providers
takes a string argument as a SQL statement
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider and a second argument as SqlConnection. The last
DataAdapter takes both string arguments, one containing
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET the SQL statement and the second containing
the connection string.
Listing 4-19: CreatingSqlDataAdapter Instances
' Create
19 - Mapped Object Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter As and
20 - COM Interoperability String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
ADO.NET
' open a connection
conn.Open()
Index
' Creating SqlDataAdapter using different constructors
List
Dim of Figures
da1 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(cmd)
List
Dim Tables
of da2 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
List of Listings
da2.SelectCommand = cmd
List
Dim of Sidebars
da3 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, conn)
Dim da4 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, ConnectionString)
As discussed, there's no difference between creating OleDb, Sql, and Odbc DataAdapters. The only
difference is the connection string. For example, Listing 4-20 shows you how to create an
OleDbDataAdapter object. Listing 4-20 uses the Access 2000 Northwind database and accesses all
records of the Orders table by using a SELECT * SQL query.
Listing 4-20: Executing a SELECT * Statement Using OleDbDataAdapter

Applied ADO.NET:
Dim ConnectionString As String Building Data-Driven Solutions
= "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
by Mahesh Chand
"Data Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb" and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress =2003
Dim SQL As String (928 pages)* FROM Orders"
"SELECT
This text provides
Dim conn As OleDbConnection extensive
= New coverage of ADO.NET technology
OleDbConnection(ConnectionString)
including
' Open the connection ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
conn.Open() namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
' Create an OleDbDataAdapter
ADO.NET. object
Dim adapter As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand = New OleDbCommand(SQL, conn)
Table of Contents
Introduction
You can
Chapter 1 also use a DataAdapter's
- ADO.NET Basics Command properties by using the Command object with
OleDbDataAdaper.
Chapter For example,
2 - Data Components theStudio
in Visual following
.NETcode uses OleDbCommand to set the SelectCommand
property
Chapter 3 of- the DataAdapter.
ADO.NET You can
in Disconnected see that OleDbDataAdapter has no arguments as its constructor:
Environments
' Create ADO.NET Events
an OleDbDataAdapter object
Dim adapter
Chapter As OleDbDataAdapter
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET = New OleDbDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand
Chapter = New Forms
7 - Data Binding and Windows OleDbCommand(SQL,
Data-Bound Controlsconn)
Understanding DataAdapter Properties
As you 12
Chapter start workingSQLXML,
- Oracle, with DataAdapters,
and Other .NETyou
Dataneed take a quick look at the DataAdapter properties and
Providers
methods.
Chapter 13 The DataAdapter
- Developing has
a Custom fourProvider
Data properties that are Command objects; they represent the ways it can
query, insert,
Chapter delete, and
14 - Developing updateWeb
Database the database.
Table 4-11 describes SqlDbDataAdapter class properties, and Table 4-12 shows the
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server
OleDbDataAdapter Controls and Data Binding
properties.
Table 4-11: Mapping Class
The SqlDataAdpater in .NETProperties
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
AcceptChangesDuringFill TheAcceptChanges method of a DataRow saves the changes
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:made
Notes toonaPerformance
DataRow. The True value of this property makes a
call to the DataRow'sAcceptChanges property after it has
been added to the DataTable. The False value doesn't. The
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Askeddefault
Questions
value is True.
Index
ContinueUpdateOnError TheTrue value of this property keeps the update process
List of Figures
continuing even if an error occurred in a DataRow. The False
List of Tables
value generates an exception. The default value is False.
List of Listings
ListDeleteCommand
of Sidebars Represents a DELETE statement or stored procedure for
deleting records from the data source.
InsertCommand Represents an INSERT statement or stored procedure for
inserting a new record to the data source.
MissingSchemaAction Determines
Applied ADO.NET: Building the action Solutions
Data-Driven to be taken when incoming data doesn't
have a matching
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot schema. This is a type of
ISBN:1590590732
MissingMappingAction
Apress 2003 (928 pages) enumeration, which has three
values:Error,Ignore, and Passthrough. The Error value
generates
including ADO.NET internals, an exception,
namespaces, the Ignore
classes, and value maps the unmatched
interfaces, and takes columns or tables,
a comprehensive andatthe
look XML Passthrough value adds the
namespaces and classes, andcolumn
source how to or
integrate
sourceboth
tablewith
created to the DataSet using its
ADO.NET.
original name.
MissingActionSchema Determines the action to be taken when a DataSetschema is
Table of Contents missing. This is a type of MissingSchemaAction
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven enumeration,
Solutions which has three values: AddWithKey,Error, and
Introduction Ignore.AddWithKey adds the necessary columns and
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics primary key information, Error generates an exception, and
Chapter 2 - Data Components in VisualIgnore ignores the extra columns.
Studio .NET
SelectCommand Represents a SELECT statement or stored procedure for
selecting records from a data source.
UpdateCommand
Chapter Represents an UPDATE statement or stored procedure for
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windowsupdating records in Controls
Forms Data-Bound a data source.
TableMappings Represents a collection of mappings between an actual data
source table and a DataTable object.
Table 4-12: SQLXML, and Other
OleDbDataAdapter .NET DataProperties
Command Providers with Examples
PROPERTY
Chapter EXAMPLEWeb Applications using ASP.NET
14 - Developing Database
SelectCommand in Xml Web Services
cmd.SelectCommand.CommandText = "SELECT * FROM Orders
ORDER Controls and Data Binding
BY Price";
DeleteCommand cmd.DeleteCommand.CommandText = "DELETE FROM Orders WHERE
LastName ='Smith'";
InsertCommand and ADO.NET
cmd.InsertCommand.CommandText = "INSERT INTO Orders
Chapter 21 - Messaging VALUES (25,'Widget1','Smith')";
UpdateCommand cmd.UpdateCommand.CommandText = "UPDATE Orders SET
ZipCode='34956' WHERE OrderNum =14";
Listing 4-21 sets some of the SqlDataAdapter properties.
Index
List of Figures
Listing 4-21: UsingSqlDataAdapter Properties
List of Tables
List of Listings
' Create an OleDbDataAdapter object
List ofDim
Sidebars
adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand(SQL, conn)
adapter.AcceptChangesDuringFill = True
adapter.ContinueUpdateOnError = True
adapter.MissingSchemaAction = MissingSchemaAction.Error
adapter.MissingMappingAction = MissingMappingAction.Error
Understanding DataAdapter Methods

TheDataAdapter class provides many useful methods. For instance, the Fill method of the
DataAdapter fills data from a DataAdapter to the DataSet object, and the Update method stores data
from a DataSetApplied
object toADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
the data source.
Table 4-13 describes some
Apress of(928
2003 thepages)
OleDbDataAdapter methods.
including ADO.NET
Table 4-13: The DataAdapter internals, namespaces, classes, and
Methods
METHOD namespaces DESCRIPTION
and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Fill Fills data records from a DataAdapter to a DataSet object depending
on the selection query.
Table of Contents
FillSchema
Applied This method
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven adds a DataTable to a DataSet and configures the
Solutions
Introduction schema to match that in the data source.
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics This method retrieves parameters that are used when a SELECT
GetFillParameters
Chapter 2 - Data Componentsstatement
in Visual Studio .NET
is executed.
This method
Update - ADO.NET in Connected
Chapter 4
stores data from a DataSet to the data source.
Environments
Filling -the
Chapter 7 Data DataSet
TheFill method
Chapter 9
is the primary method for bringing data into a DataSet from a data source. This
command uses the SelectCommand SQL statement to fill a DataSet memory structure consisting of
DataTables, DataRows, DataColumns, and DataRelations. The Fill method has eight overloaded
forms. Using these methods, you can fill a DataSet from a DataAdapter by selecting a particular table,
selecting a range of rows, and selecting rows based on the CommandBehavior. The following shows
different overloaded forms of the Fill method defined in the DbDataAdapter class:
Overloads Overrides Public Function Fill(DataSet) As Integer _
Implements IDataAdapter.Fill
Overloads Public Function Fill(DataTable) As Integer
Overloads Public Function Fill(DataSet, String) As Integer
Chapter
Overloads19 - Mapped Objects: Performance
Overridable Protected Considerations
Function and Data Binding
Fill(DataTable, IDataReader) _
Chapter 20 -
As Integer COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
Chapter
Overloads21 - Messaging
Overridable Protected Function Fill(DataTable, _
IDbCommand, and ADO.NET: Notes
CommandBehavior) As on Performance
Integer
Overloads Public Function Fill(DataSet, Integer, Integer, String) _
As IntegerOverloads
Overridable
Appendix Protected
C - ADO.NET FrequentlyFunction Fill(DataSet, String, IDataReader, _
Asked Questions
Integer, Integer) As IntegerOverloads
Index
Overridable
List of Figures Protected Function Fill(DataSet, Integer, Integer, _
ListString,
of Tables IDbCommand, CommandBehavior) As Integer
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The following form of the Fill method selects or refreshes rows in a specified range in the DataSet:
Overloads Public Function Fill(_

ByVal dataSet As DataSet, _
ByVal startRecord As Integer, _
ByVal maxRecords As Integer, _
ByVal srcTable As String _
) As Integer
In this example, dataSet is a DataSet,startRecord is the zero-based record number to start with,
maxRecords is the maximum number of records to retrieve, and srcTable is the name of the source table
to use for table mapping. The following code calls the same overloaded method to get or refresh rows from
the 9th position toApplied
the 15th ADO.NET:
position of Building Data-Driven
the Orders Solutions
table. In other words, it fills the DataSet with seven rows if
found in the table:by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
adapter.Fill(ds, 9, 15, " Orders")
You can use a DataSet
ADO.NET.directly or a DataTable to fill or refresh the data of a DataSet. Listing 4-22 calls
theFill method to fill data to a DataSet, which later can bind with data-bound controls.
Table of Contents
Listing 4-22: Calling a DataAdapter'sFill Method
Introduction
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual
adapter.SelectCommand Studio
= New .NET
SqlCommand(SQL, conn)
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
' Create in Disconnected
DataSet Object Environments
Chapter
Dim4 ds- ADO.NET in Connected
As DataSet = NewEnvironments
DataSet("Orders")
' Call ADO.NET Events
DataAdapter's Fill method to fill data from the
Chapter 6 - Integratingto
' DataAdapter XMLthe
with DataSet
ADO.NET
adapter.Fill(ds)
Adding a DataTable to a DataSet
TheFillSchema
Chapter method
13 - Developing adds aData
a Custom Provider to a DataSet. The FillSchema method has two
DataTable
arguments;
Chapter the first is DataTable,
14 - Developing Database Weband the second
Applications is SchemaType.
using ASP.NET The SchemaType argument defines
the handling
Chapter of existing
15 - Using ADO.NETschema.
in XmlItWeb
has Services
two values: Mapped and Source. The SchemaType.Mapped value
means16
Chapter you- can applyServer
ASP.NET any existing table
Controls and mapping to the incoming schema and configure the DataSet with
Data Binding
the transformed
Chapter schema.
17 - Building The SchemaType.Source
Real-World Web Applications value means you can ignore any table mappings on
theDataAdapter
Chapter and configure
18 - Object-Relational the DataSet
Mapping in .NET using the incoming schema without applying any
transformations.
Chapter
Listing 20 - COM
4-23 usesInteroperability
the FillSchema and method
ADO.NETto add a DataTable to a DataSet.
Listing22
Chapter 4-23: Using
- SQL theand
Server Method
ADO.NET: Notes
FillSchema of SqlDataAdapter
on Performance
Appendix
' CreateB - Commonly Used SQL Statements
Dim adapter Frequently Asked Questions
As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
Index
List
' of Figures DataSet Object
Create
List of Tables
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Orders")
List
' of Listings
Call DataAdapter's Fill method to fill data from the
' of
List DataAdapter
Sidebars to the DataSet
adapter.Fill(ds)
' Adding a DataTable to the DataSet
Dim table As DataTable() = _
adapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Mapped, "Categories")
Looking at a DataAdapter Example

Now you'll create your first sample using DataAdapters. In this example, you'll learn how to create
DataAdapters using the Sql and OleDb data providers and fill data from a DataAdapter to a DataGrid
control.
First, create a Windows
by Maheshapplication
Chand and using Visual
David Basic ProjectsISBN:1590590732
Talbot and add two Button controls and a
DataGrid control to the form
Apress by pages)
2003 (928 dragging the controls from the Toolbox. Second, set both buttons' Name
property; use OleDbDataAdapter and SqlDataAdapter.
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NETNext, set the Text properties to
technology
OleDbDataAdapter including
andADO.NET internals, namespaces,
SqlDataAdapter. classes,
After setting theseandproperties, the form will look like Figure 4-
3. As you can see,interfaces,
there areandtwotakes a comprehensive
buttons, look at XML
shown as OleDbDataAdapter and SqlDataAdapter.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 4-3: Creating a Windows Forms application and adding controls to the form
Chapter
Now add10 button
- Working
clickwith thehandlers
event ODBC .NET
for Data
both Provider
the OleDbDataAdapter and SqlDataAdapter buttons. You can
add a button click event handler either by double-clicking the button or by using the Events tab of the
Chapter 12 -window.
Properties Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data
On the OleDbDataAdapter Providers
button click event handler, you'll write code to read data from
an OleDb data source and fill data to the DataGrid
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider control. On the SqlDataAdapter button click event
handler,
Chapter 14you'll write code
- Developing to readWeb
Database dataApplications
from a SQLusing
Server data source and fill data to the DataGrid.
ASP.NET
Listing 4-24 shows the source code for the OleDbDataAdapter button click, and Listing 4-25 shows the
source code for the SqlDataAdapter button click. As you can see, you follow the same steps as before.
Open a connection, create a DataAdapter object with a SELECT string, create a DataSet object, call a
DataAdapter'sFill method to fill the DataSet, and bind the DataSet to the DataGrid control using
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance
theDataGrid.DataSouce Considerations and Data Binding
property of DataSet.DefaultViewManager, which represents the default
view of a DataSet object. and ADO.NET
Listing22
Chapter 4-24: Displaying
- SQL Server andthe OrdersNotes
ADO.NET: TableonData in a DataGrid Using OleDbDataAdapter
Performance
Appendix
Private B -Sub
OleDbDataAdapter_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Appendix
ByValC e- ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
As System.EventArgs) Handles OleDbDataAdapter.Click
Index' Create a Connection Object
List ofDim
Figures
ConnectionString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
List of"Data
Tables Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
List ofDim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Orders"
Listings
List ofDim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(ConnectionString)
Sidebars
conn.Open()
Dim adapter As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand = New OleDbCommand(SQL, conn)
' Create DataSet Object
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Orders")
' Call DataAdapter's Fill method to fill data from the
' DataAdapter to the DataSet
adapter.Fill(ds)
' Bind data set to a DataGrid control
including ADO.NET
Listing 4-25: Displaying internals,
the Customers namespaces,
Table's Data inclasses, and
a DataGrid Using SqlDataAdapter
ADO.NET.
Private Sub SqlDataAdapter_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SqlDataAdapter.Click
Table of Contents
Introduction
conn.Open()
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
' Create in Connected Environments
Chapter 7 - Data DataSet
' Create Binding andObject
Chapter 8 ds
Dim - Constraints
As DataSetand Data Relations
= New DataSet("Orders")
' Call
Chapter DataAdapter's
9 - ADO.NET Fill method to fill data from the
Exception Handling
' DataAdapter
Chapter 10 - Working withtothethe
ODBCDataSet
.NET Data Provider
adapter.Fill(ds)
' Adding
Chapter a SQLXML,
12 - Oracle, DataTable to the
and Other .NETDataSet
Data Providers
Dim table As DataTable() = _
adapter.FillSchema(ds, SchemaType.Mapped, "Categories")
' Bind data set to a DataGrid control
End Sub
Chapter 20 - of
The output COM Interoperability
Listing 4-24 looks and ADO.NET
like Figure 4-4.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 4-4: Filling data from an Access database to a DataGrid control using OleDbDataAdapter

ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 4-5: Filling
ADO.NET data from a SQL Server database to a DataGrid control using SqlDataAdapter
Basics
Filling -the
Chapter 4 DataAdapter
ADO.NET from a Recordset
Because
Chapter 6 Microsoft realized
- Integrating it would
XML with be difficult for some developers to let go of their ADO recordsets (or
ADO.NET
perhaps they
Chapter 7
have some legacy applications or components that would be difficult to convert), the
DataAdapter'sFill method also allows you to fill a DataSet with an ADO recordset. You can't, however,
go the other way and fill a recordset with a Dataset. The Fill method appends rows from the recordset to
the existing DataSet'sDataTable. If a primary key exists for the DataRows in the DataSet, then the Fill
method will attempt to update rows from the recordset with a matching primary key. You can call the
recordset with the |following code:
OleDbDataAdapter1.Fill(ds, anADORecordset, SourceTableName)
Updating the Database Using the Update Method
The architecture of a DataAdapter has been designed so that you can make any changes you want to the
data in a filled DataSet, without affecting the database until you call the Update method. When Update is
Chapter
called, 20
the-DataAdapter
will attempt to execute each query (UPDATE,INSERT,DELETE) on every row of
theDataSet that has been updated, inserted, and deleted. For example, if you call Delete on a row in the
Chapter
DataSet,22 -then
SQL when
ServerUpdate
and ADO.NET: Notes
is called on Performance
on the DataAdapter, the DeleteCommand of the DataAdapter
will be called using the particular row in the DataSet.
NoteC Keep
Appendix in mind
- ADO.NET that this Asked
Frequently Update is different from a SQL UPDATE statement.
Questions
Index
To delete a row, you create an SqlCommand object with a DELETE statement and set the DeleteCommand
List of Figures
property of the DataAdapter.Listing 4-26 creates a SqlCommand object with a DELETE statement where
List of Tables
EmployeeId = 10.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 4-26: Setting the DeleteCommand Property of DataAdapter
' Set DeleteCommand property

adapter.DeleteCommand = New SqlCommand(
"DELETE from Employees where EmployeeID = 10", conn)
Also, you need to create a parameter for the command that maps to the EmployeeID in the database. (We
discuss parameters in more depth in the "Staying within the Parameters" section of this chapter.)
Listing 4-27 shows an example that creates and sets parameter properties for the Sql data provider.
Listing 4-27: Creating a SqlParameter
Dim workParamApress
As SqlParameter
2003 (928 pages) = Nothing
adapter.DeleteCommand = New SqlCommand(_
"DELETE from including
EmployeesADO.NETwhere EmployeeID
internals, = classes,
namespaces, 10", conn)
and
workParam = interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters.Add(_
namespaces
"@EmployeeID", and classes, and how to integrate both with
OleDbType.Integer)
ADO.NET.
workParam.SourceColumn = "EmployeeID"
workParam.SourceVersion = DataRowVersion.Original
Table of Contents
Introduction
Now you create a DataSet and fill it with the employees from the Employees table in the Northwind
database, as shown in Listing 4-28.
Chapter
Listing34-28:
- ADO.NET
Callinginthe
Fill Method of a DataAdapter
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("EmployeeSet")
Chapter 6
adapter.Fill(ds, "Employees")
Now you're preparedwith the ODBC
to delete data.NET
fromData Provider
a table using a DataTable. By calling Delete on the last row in
theRows
Chapter 11collection, you mark and
- Stored Procedures the last row as deleted. To cause the actual deletion to take place in the
Views
Northwind
Chapter 12 -database, you need
Oracle, SQLXML, andtoOther
call Update onProviders
.NET Data the adapter. This causes the adapter to go through each
changed
Chapter 13row of the DataSet
- Developing and
a Custom seeProvider
Data which command needs to be called on that row. In the case of the last
row in the
Chapter 14 -Employees
Developingtable, you Web
Database call the DeleteCommand
Applications (see Listing 4-29).
using ASP.NET
Listing 4-29: Removing a Row and Calling the Update Method of a DataAdapter
Dim Dt
Chapter 18 As DataTable =Mapping
- Object-Relational ds.Tables("Employees")
in .NET
Dim lastRow
Chapter As Objects:
19 - Mapped Integer = Dt.Rows.Count
Performance - and
Considerations 1 Data Binding
Dim firstName
Chapter As String and
20 - COM Interoperability = Dt.Rows(lastRow)("FirstName").ToString()
ADO.NET
Dim lastName As String = Dt.Rows(lastRow)("LastName").ToString()
Dt.Rows(Dt.Rows.Count - 1).Delete()
adapter.Update(ds, "Employees")
Index
Listing 4-30 shows the code that calls the Update method to delete a row from a DataSet and updates it
List
backof Figures
to the database using DataApdater'sUpdate method.
List of Tables
Listing
List 4-30: Calling a DataAdapter's Update Method
of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim workParam As SqlParameter = Nothing
adapter.DeleteCommand = New SqlCommand(_
"DELETE from Employees where EmployeeID = 10", conn)
workParam = adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters.Add(_
"@EmployeeID", OleDbType.Integer)
workParam.SourceColumn = "EmployeeID"
adapter.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Employees", conn)
Dim ds As Applied
DataSet ADO.NET:
= New Building Data-Driven Solutions
DataSet("EmployeeSet")
by Mahesh Chand
adapter.Fill(ds, "Employees") and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Dim Dt As DataTable = ds.Tables("Employees")
Dim lastRowThisAs
textInteger
provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET
= Dt.Rows.Count - 1 technology
Dim firstName As String = Dt.Rows(lastRow)("FirstName").ToString()
Dim lastName As String
namespaces = Dt.Rows(lastRow)("LastName").ToString()
Dt.Rows(Dt.Rows.Count
ADO.NET. - 1).Delete()
Table 'of release
Contents objects
conn.Close() Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
conn.Dispose()
Chapter 4
Table and
Chapter 5
Column Mapping
Chapter
One of 6the- important
Integratingproperties
XML with of
ADO.NET
the DataAdapter is the TableMappings property. This property
contains a collection of DataTableMappingForms Data-Bound Controls
objects (from the System.Data.Common namespace). The
Chapter uses theand
8 - Constraints
DataAdapter Data Relations
DataTableMapping object to map the table name of the data source to the
DataTable
Chapter name ofException
9 - ADO.NET the DataSet. In general, the names for both sources can be the same.
Handling
For example, Listing 4-31 constructs the Northwind database's Order Table Mapping and adds it to the
DataAdapter.
Chapter
4-31: a Custom Data Provider
UsingDataTableMapping to Map the Orders Table of Northwind
"Initial Catalog=Northwind; Data Source=MCB;"
Chapter'19 - Mapped
Open the Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
connection
Chapterconn.Open()
Create a DataTableMapping object
ChapterDim22 -dtMapping
SQL Server and AsADO.NET: Notes on Performance
DataTableMapping =
Appendix A New- Relational Databases: Some
DataTableMapping("Orders",Basic Concepts"mapOrders")
AppendixDimB -adapter
Commonly As Used SQL Statements
SqlDataAdapter =
Appendix C -New SqlDataAdapter("Select
ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions * From Orders", conn)
Index ' Call DataAdapter's TableMappings.Add method
adapter.TableMappings.Add(dtMapping)
List of Figures
' Create a DataSet Object and call DataAdapter's Fill method
List of Tables
' Make sure you use new name od DataTableMapping i.e., MayOrders
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
adapter.Fill(ds, "mapOrders")
'Dispose
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
The default mapping for a DataTable is the Table alias. If you use this mapping name, then you don't
need to mention the table in the Fill method. Listing 4-32 shows an example using DataTableMapping
with the Table option.
Listing 4-32: UsingDataTableMapping with the Table Option
"Initial including
Catalog=Northwind;
ADO.NET internals,Data Source=MCB;"
Dim conn interfaces,
As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
and takes a comprehensive look at XML
' Open the namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
connection
conn.Open() ADO.NET.
' Create a DataTableMapping object
Dim dtMapping
Table of Contents As DataTableMapping =
New DataTableMapping("Table",
"mapOrders")
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter =
Introduction
New SqlDataAdapter("Select * From Orders", conn)
' Call DataAdapter's TableMappings.Add method
' Create a DataSet Object and call DataAdapter's Fill method
Chapter'4 Make
- ADO.NET
sure inyou
Connected
use newEnvironments
name od DataTableMapping i.e., MayOrders
ChapterDim
5 -ds Handling ADO.NET Events
As DataSet = New DataSet()
Chapteradapter.Fill(ds)
= ds.DefaultViewManager
Chapter'Dispose
Chapterconn.Close()
Chapterconn.Dispose()
DataTables are not the only things aliased in ADO.NET. You can also alias the DataColumns using
DataColumnMapping objects. Why do you want column mapping? Let's say you have a table that has
column names such as a1, a2, and so on, but when a user views the data in data-bound controls, you want
to display some meaningful names such as CustomerName and so on.
Data column mapping allowsMapping in .NET
you to customize a DataSet's column names, which internally are mapped
Chapter 19 - Mapped
with a table columns.Objects:
You can Performance Considerations
achieve this by using and Data Binding
DataAdapter.DataTableMapping.ColumnMapping.
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET The DataColumnMapping property of
21 - Messaging is a collection of column mappings. You use the Add method of
DataTableMapping
Chapter
DataColumnCollection,
Chapter which adds
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: a column
Notes mapping. The Add method takes a column name of the
on Performance
source table
Appendix and a DataSet
A - Relational column
Databases: Somename. Listing 4-33 maps the OrderId,ShipName,ShipCity, and
Basic Concepts
OrderDate
Appendix columns of
B - Commonly theSQL
Used Orders table to mapID,mapName,mapCity, and mapDate, respectively.
Statements
Listing 4-33: UsingDataColumnMapping
Index
List of Figures
' of
List Create
Tables a Connection Object
List of Listings
"Initial Catalog=Northwind; Data Source=MCB;"
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
' Create a DataTableMapping object
Dim dtMapping As DataTableMapping = New DataTableMapping("Table", "Orders")
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter _
("SELECT OrderID, ShipName, ShipCity, OrderDate FROM Orders", conn)
' Call DataAdapter's TableMappings.Add method
dtMapping.ColumnMappings.Add(New DataColumnMapping("OrderID", "mapID"))
dtMapping.ColumnMappings.Add(New DataColumnMapping("ShipName", "mapName"))
dtMapping.ColumnMappings.Add(New DataColumnMapping("ShipCity", "mapCity"))
dtMapping.ColumnMappings.Add(New DataColumnMapping("OrderDate", "mapDate"))
' Create Applied
a DataSetADO.NET:
ObjectBuilding
and Data-Driven Solutions
call DataAdapter's Fill method
' Make sure you use new name od DataTableMapping ISBN:1590590732
i.e., MayOrders
Dim ds AsApress 2003 (928
DataSet pages)DataSet()
= New
adapter.Fill(ds)
including ADO.NET=internals,
DataGrid1.DataSource namespaces, classes, and
ds.DefaultViewManager
'Dispose namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
conn.Close()
ADO.NET.
conn.Dispose()
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 4-6 displays the results of Listing 4-33.
Figure 4-6: Column mapping
Chapter
The IDE16automatically
- ASP.NET Server Controls
generates and of
much Data
theBinding
mappings, so you don't have to worry about them. But,
occasionally, you may want to choose your own schema names for your DataSet that map back to the data
Chapter
source.18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
CommandBuilder: Easing
Applied ADO.NET: the Data-Driven
Building Work of Solutions
Programmers
Sometimes creating SQL
Apress statements
2003 can be a lengthy job when dealing with many columns in a table. A
(928 pages)
CommandBuilder object reduces the burden
This text provides extensive of creating
coverage SQL statement
of ADO.NET for you. In other words, the
technology
CommandBuilder object helps you generate UPDATE, DELETE,
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and and INSERT commands on a single
interfaces,
database table for and takes The
a DataAdapter. a comprehensive look at XML
OleDbCommandBuilder, SqlCommandBuilder, and
namespaces
OdbcCommandBuilder and classes,
classes representand how
the to integrate both with
CommandBuilder object in the OleDb, Sql, and Odbc
ADO.NET.
data providers (respectively).
Creating a CommandBuilder Object

Table of Contents
Creating a CommandBuilder object is pretty simple. You pass a DataAdapter as an argument of the
Introduction
1 - ADO.NETcontructor.
CommandBuilder
Chapter Basics For example:
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
// Create in Disconnected
a command builderEnvironments
object
SqlCommandBuilder builderEnvironments
= new SqlCommandBuilder(adapter);
Using SqlCommandBuilder
- Data Binding and Windows FormsMembers
Chapter 7 Data-Bound Controls
TheDataAdapter
Chapter 9 - ADO.NETproperty of Handling
Exception a CommandBuilder represents the DataProvider attached to a
10 - Working object
CommandBuilder
Chapter forODBC
with the which.NET
automatic SQL statements are generated. The GetDeleteCommand,
Data Provider
GetUpdateCommand,
Chapter and GetInsertCommand
11 - Stored Procedures and Views methods return the Delete,Update, and Insert
commands
Chapter in the form
12 - Oracle, of a Command
SQLXML, and Other object. TheProviders
.NET Data RefreshSchema method refreshes the database
schema.
Using SqlCommandBuilder
Now you'll
Chapter 17 -see how to
Building use the SqlCommandBuilder
Real-World Web Applications in an application. You can use the
OleDbCommandBuilder and OdbcCommandBuilder classes in the same way.
As usual, you create a connection to the database and use it to create the adapter object. The adapter is
Chapter 20 - COM
constructed with Interoperability
the initial queryand ADO.NET
for the Employees table as well as with the database connection.
Next, you
Chapter 22 construct the and
- SQL Server CommandBuilder by passing
ADO.NET: Notes on the DataAdapter into its constructor. The act of
Performance
creating Athe
Appendix Databases: automatically
CommandBuilder
- Relational causes the UPDATE,INSERT, and DELETE commands to
Some Basic Concepts
be generated
Appendix for the adapter.
B - Commonly Used SQLThe following code creates two SqlCommandBuilder objects:
Statements
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, conn)
Index
Dim builder1 As SqlCommandBuilder = New SqlCommandBuilder()
List of Figures
builder1.DataAdapter = adapter
List of Tables
Dim builder2 As SqlCommandBuilder = _
List of Listings
New SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
List of Sidebars
Next, fill the DataSet using the adapter and create an instance of the Employees DataTable from the
DataSet:
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("EmployeeSet")

Now, insert a new DataRow into the DataTable in memory and populate a row with your desired values
using the DataTable'sAddNew method. After that you call the DataRowCollection.Add method to
add the row to the DataTable:
' Create a data table object and add a new row
Dim EmployeeTable As DataTable = ds.Tables("Employees")
Dim row As DataRow = EmployeeTable.NewRow()
row("FirstName") = takes
interfaces, and "Rodney"
namespaces= and
row("LastName") classes, and how to integrate both with
"DangerField"
ADO.NET.
row("Title") = "Manager "
EmployeeTable.Rows.Add(row)
Table of Contents
Applied
Finally,ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
you call DataAdapter's Solutions
Update method to update the DataTable changes to the data source:
Introduction
// Update data adapter
adapter.Update(ds, "Employees");
Listing 54-34
Chapter shows the
- Handling full source
ADO.NET code for creating and using a CommandBuilder object.
Events
Listing 4-34:
Chapter 7
Creating and Using the SqlCommandBuilder Class
ChapterDim
9 -ConnectionString As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
"Initial
Chapter 10 - Working with Catalog=Northwind;Data
the ODBC .NET Data Provider Source=MCB;"
Dim conn
11 - Stored = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Procedures and Views
ChapterDim
12 -SQL AsSQLXML,
Oracle, Stringand
= Other
"SELECT * FROM
.NET Data Employees"
Providers
Chapter'13
open a connection
conn.Open()
Dim builder1 As SqlCommandBuilder = New SqlCommandBuilder()
Dim builder2 As SqlCommandBuilder = _
New SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
Chapter'19 - Mapped
Create a Objects:
command Performance
builderConsiderations
object and Data Binding
ChapterDim20 -builder
As SqlCommandBuilder = New SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
Create a dataset object
ChapterDim22 -dsSQLAsServer and ADO.NET:
DataSet = NewNotes on Performance
DataSet("EmployeeSet")
Appendix A - Relational Databases:
adapter.Fill(ds, "Employees") Some Basic Concepts
Appendix' BCreate
- Commonly Used table
a data SQL Statements
object and add a new row
AppendixDim C -EmployeeTable
ADO.NET FrequentlyAs DataTable
Asked Questions = ds.Tables("Employees")
Index Dim row As DataRow = EmployeeTable.NewRow()
row("FirstName") = "Bill"
List of Figures
row("LastName") = "Harvey"
List of Tables
row("Title") = "President"
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
' Update data adapter
' Dispose
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
As you can see from Listing 4-34, you didn't have to figure out how to create InsertCommand for the
Employees table because the CommandBuilder did it for you. All you had to do was add a row to the
DataSet and invoke an Update on the DataAdapter. You may argue that the InsertCommand is
automatically generated by VS .NET with the DataAdapter configurer, but the CommandBuilder works
with the SelectCommand you choose for the adapter, so you can change the SelectCommand on the fly
Applied ADO.NET:
and reuse the CommandBuilder atBuilding
runtime. Data-Driven Solutions
Note that you should call the
Apress 2003RefreshSchema
(928 pages) method of the CommandBuilder if the SelectCommand
of the associatedThis text provideschanges.
DataAdapter extensiveThe RefreshSchema
coverage rebuilds the other command structures
(InsertCommand, including ADO.NET internals,
DeleteCommand, namespaces, of
UpdateCommand) classes, and
the DataAdapter.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Staying within the
Applied Parameters
ADO.NET wraps Apress
a classaround
2003 (928the parameters used for each column of the database. You can use the
pages)
parameters in conjunction with SelectCommand
This text provides extensive coverageto help you to select
of ADO.NET data for the DataSet. You also
technology
use it in conjunction with the other commands of the CommandDataSet
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and (InsertCommand,
UpdateCommand, interfaces, and takes atocomprehensive
DeleteCommand) place data intolook
theatDataSet.
XML These are generated automatically
when you insert anamespaces and classes, component
OleDbDataAdapter and how to integrate
from the both with
Toolbox.
ADO.NET.
TheOleDbType describes the type information for the parameter. It consists of everything from strings to
Global Unique Identifiers (GUIDs).
Table of Contents
Applied
The SqlADO.NETBuilding
data provider hasData-Driven Solutions
a SqlDbType, and the Odbc data provider has an OdbcType. These type
Introduction
names and definitions differ, depending upon the provider you're using; for example, the Money type is the
Chapter
same in1 Odbc
- ADO.NET Basics
and Sql data providers, but it's called Currency in OleDb data providers.
Not only
Chapter 3 does a parameter
- ADO.NET have a DbType
in Disconnected property, but a parameter has a Direction (input, output),
Environments
Size, and
Chapter 4 - even a Value.
ADO.NET Table 4-14
in Connected describes the SqlParameter properties.
Environments
Table 4-14:
Chapter 6
The SqlParameter Class Properties
Chapter 7 - Data BindingDESCRIPTION
PROPERTY and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
DbType
Chapter Represents
9 - ADO.NET Exception the DbType of the parameter.
Handling
Chapter 10 - Working with
Direction the ODBC .NET
Represents Data Provider
the direction of a parameter. A parameter can be input-only,
output-only, bi-directional, or a stored procedure.
IsNullable Represents whether a parameter accepts null values.
OleDbType Web
Represents Applications
the OleDbType using ASP.NET
of the parameter.
Offset Represents the offset to the Value property.
ParameterName Web the
Represents Applications
name of the parameter.
Precision Represents the maximum number of digits used to represent the Value
property.
Scale
Chapter 21 - Messaging Represents the decimal places to which Value is resolved.
Size Represents the maximum size in bytes a column can store.
SourceColumn
Appendix Represents
B - Commonly Used the source column mapped to the DataSet.
SQL Statements
SourceVersion Asked
Represents theQuestions
DataRow version.
Index
ListSqlDbType
of Figures Represents the SqlDbType of the parameter
ListValue
of Tables Represents the value of the parameter.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Now you're going to see the construction of parameters using the Integrated Development Environment
(IDE) as well as manually. Listing 4-35 shows the construction of an OleDbParameter generated by the
IDE for the Northwind database. All commands have a collection of parameters; in this example, the
parameter ContactName is being added to a command used for deleting from the database.
Listing 4-35: Creating a Parameter
Me.oleDbDeleteCommand2.Parameters.Add(New
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbParameter("ContactName",
System.Data.OleDb.OleDbType.Char, 30,
System.Data.ParameterDirection.Input, False,
((System.Byte)(0)), ((System.Byte)(0)),
Applied
"ContactName", ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
System.Data.DataRowVersion.Original,
Nothing)) by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Luckily, the IDE automatically generates the parameters for you; as you can see, this is a lot of code to
write for just one ADO.NET.
parameter. Imagine if you had to manually deal with a database table of 50 parameters!
You need to create and add parameters to the command for each parameter reference that appears in
the SQL
Table command. If the SQL command only describes a single row insert or update, then you don't have
of Contents
parameters.
Applied But, more often
ADO.NETBuilding than not,Solutions
Data-Driven when you're using DataSets, DataTables, and DataRows, you'll
need parameters because these in-memory structures operate on several rows.
Introduction
Parameters appear in a SQL Server INSERT command proceeded by an @ sign, as shown in the
following code:
sqlInsertCommand1.CommandText =
@"INSERT INTO Customers(CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName)"+
" VALUES (@CustomerID, @CompanyName, @ContactName)"
In OleDb, parameters appear as question marks such as:
oleDbInsertCommand2.CommandText =
Chapter
"INSERT9 -INTO
Customers(Address, City, CompanyName, ContactName)"+
" VALUES (?, ?,with
?,the
?)"ODBC .NET Data Provider
To add13
Chapter the- parameter
Developing @CustomerID to the InsertCommand of the SqlDataAdapter, simply call Add
on the command's
Chapter ParameterCollection.
14 - Developing This
Database Web Applications willASP.NET
using return a parameter in which you can further assign
properties,
Chapter 15 - such
Usingas:
ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
SqlParameter
Chapter 17 - BuildingworkParam = Applications
Real-World Web theSqlServerAdapter.InsertCommand.
Parameters.Add("@CustomerID",
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET SqlDbType.Int)
Two other crucial properties are the name of the column that the parameter is mapping to and the
RowVersion. Typically, it's good to give the parameter the same name as the column of the database to
Chapter 22 confusion:
avoid the - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
workParam.SourceColumn = "CustomerID"
Index
List of Figures
The
List ofSourceVersion
Tables can be either Current or Original. The SourceVersionproperty helps the
DataAdapter's
List of Listings Update command decide which value version to load when executing the SQL
UpdateCommand
List of Sidebars on the database. (InsertCommand and DeleteCommand ignore the
SourceVersion.) The SourceVersion property comes in handy when you're updating a row whose
primary key you may want to change. If the value is DataRowVersion.Original, then the primary key
will retain its original value.
You just saw an example of a parameter generated by the VS .NET IDE. It's always a better idea to write
your own code if you really want to know what goes under the hood. So, let's create parameters and use
them in a SqlCommand. The following code creates a parameter by reading a value from a TextBox
control and deletes the record from the Categories table that matches the CategoryID as
TextBox1.Text:
dim strId as string = TextBox1.Text

dim sql = "DELETE Categories WHERE CategoryID=@catID"
dim cmd asApplied ADO.NET:
SqlCommand = Building Data-Driven Solutions
new SqlCommand(sql, conn)
by Mahesh Chand and
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catID", strId)David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
interfaces,
As you can see, the and takes
Parameters a comprehensive
property look at returns
of SqlCommand XML an object of type SqlParameters,
which representsADO.NET.
a collection of parameters. It provides an Add method to add a parameter to the
collection.
Nowof
Table let's construct a SqlCommand with an UPDATE SQL statement using three parameters. The following
Contents
code creates
Applied and adds three
ADO.NETBuilding parameters
Data-Driven to the collection. The code also constructs an UPDATE SQL
Solutions
statement with parameters and calls the ExecuteNonQuery method to execute the command:
Introduction
dim strId
Chapter as Components
2 - Data string = inTextBox1.Text
Visual Studio .NET
dim strCatName as stringEnvironments
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected = TextBox2.Text
dim strDesc as string = TextBox3.Text
dim sql = "UPDATE Categories SET CategoryName=@catName, " & _
" Description=@desc WHERE CategoryID=@catID"
dim cmd as SqlCommand = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catID", strId)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catName", strCatName)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@desc", strDesc)
You can
Chapter 13even directly assign
- Developing parameter
a Custom values by using the Value property. For example, the following
Data Provider
code adds
Chapter 14 -two parameters
Developing to theWeb
Database command with the
Applications values
using NewCategory and New Description:
ASP.NET
cmd.Parameters.Add("@CategoryName", SqlDbType.VarChar, 80).Value = _
"NewCategory"
cmd.Parameters.Add("@Description",
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET SqlDbType.Int).Value = _
"New Description"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataSet in Connected
Applied Environments
In Chapter 3, you Apress
saw how to create
2003 and use DataSet objects in disconnected environments. You saw
(928 pages)
how to use a DataSet's properties and howcoverage
This text provides extensive to fill, delete, and update
of ADO.NET data using DataTable objects. In
technology
the following sections, you'll see how to work with DataSets in
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and connected environments. Instead of using
aDataTable, you'llinterfaces, and takes a comprehensive
use a DataAdapter lookdata
to fill and save at XML
from a DataSet to a data source.
As mentioned, theADO.NET.
Fill method of a DataAdapter fills data from a data source to a DataSet. Once the
DataSet is filled with data, you can do any operation on this data. This data is disconnected data, and
there's no connection between a DataSet and a data source until you finally call the Update method of a
Table of Contents
DataAdapter. The Update method of a DataAdapter saves the DataSet changes to the data
source. You saw these Fill and Update methods in "The DataAdapter: Adapting to Your Environment."
Introduction
Filling
Chapter 2 -aData
DataSet from
Components Multiple
in Visual Tables
Studio .NET
You saw how to fill a DataSet from a table in many of the previous samples. Now, there may be times
when you'll want to view data from multiple tables in data-bound controls. If you remember ADO, you used
SQLJOIN statements to fill a recordset from multiple tables.
Chapter 7 - Data
In ADO.NET, Binding
there and Windows
are different ways Forms Data-Bound
you can Controls
fill data from multiple tables depending on your
requirements.
Chapter If you want
8 - Constraints andtoData
viewRelations
data from multiple tables in multiple data-bound controls, the simplest
way is create
9 - ADO.NET for each table and fill a DataSet from a DataAdapter and use the
Exception Handling
DataSet
Chapter 10 -toWorking
bind data to the
with the ODBC
controls.
.NETListing 4-36 simply creates two SqlDataAdapter objects using
Data Provider
two different
Chapter SqlCommand
11 - Stored objects
Procedures and then fills two different DataSet objects (which you later bind to
and Views
two separate
Chapter DataGrid
12 - Oracle, controls).
Listing 4-36: Filling Data from Multiple Tables
Chapter As String
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls = Binding
and Data "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
conn.Open()
Dim adapter1 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
Dim adapter2 As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
adapter1.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Customers")
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:
adapter2.SelectCommand = NewNotes on Performance
SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Orders")
adapter1.SelectCommand.Connection Some Basic Concepts
= conn
adapter2.SelectCommand.Connection = conn
Appendix
Dim ds1 C -As
ADO.NET
DataSet Frequently
= New Asked Questions
DataSet()
Index
Dim ds2 As DataSet = New DataSet()
List of Figures
adapter1.Fill(ds1)
adapter2.Fill(ds2)
List of Tables
List of Listings = ds1.DefaultViewManager
List of Sidebars = ds2.DefaultViewManager
' Dispose
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
Now what if you want to fill a DataSet with data from multiple tables? Actually, that's pretty easy, too. If
you remember the Merge method of the DataSet from Chapter 3, you'll learned how to merge two
DataSet objects. You can use the same method to fill data from two different tables in two different
DataSet objects and later call the Merge method, which merges one DataSet into another. Listing 4-37
fills two DataSet objects from two different tablesCustomers and Ordersand later one DataSet
merges into another. After that you just bind the final DataSet to a DataGrid control, which displays
data from both tables.
by Mahesh
Listing 4-37: Merging TwoChand and David
DataSet Talbot
Objects ISBN:1590590732
interfaces, and takes= a New SqlCommand("SELECT
comprehensive look at XML * FROM Customers")
adapter.SelectCommand.Connection
namespaces and classes, and how to= integrate
conn both with
Dim ds1 AsADO.NET.
DataSet = New DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds1)
adapter.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand("SELECT * FROM Orders")
Table of Contents
adapter.SelectCommand.Connection = conn
Introduction
adapter.Fill(ds2)
Chapterds1.Merge(ds2,
1 - ADO.NET BasicsFalse, MissingSchemaAction.Add)
Chapter 2 - Data Components =
DataGrid1.DataSource in ds1.DefaultViewManager
Visual Studio .NET
Note
Chapter 6 The Merge method
- Integrating hasADO.NET
XML with seven overloaded forms. Using this method, you can even merge
Chapter 7 DataRow and DataTable
- Data Binding and Windows objects with a DataSet.
Using a
Chapter 9 SQL Statement
- ADO.NET to Read Data from Two or More Tables
Exception Handling
Using a11SQL
Chapter statement
- Stored is the and
Procedures simplest
Viewsway to put data from multiple tables into a DataSet. The following
code selects
Chapter data from
12 - Oracle, the Customers
SQLXML, and Data
and Other .NET Orders tables and fills it to a single DataSet:
Providers
Dim conn Database Web=Applications
As SqlConnection using ASP.NET
Chapter
SQL =15"SELECT
- Using ADO.NET
* FROMin Customers;
Xml Web Services
SELECT * FROM Orders"
conn.Open()
Dim adapter
Chapter As Real-World
17 - Building SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, conn)
Web Applications
Dim ds
Chapter 18 As DataSet = New
- Object-Relational DataSet("CustOrdersDataSet")
Mapping in .NET
adapter.Fill(ds)
Adding, Updating, and Deleting Data through the DataSet
You add,B edit,
Appendix and delete
- Commonly Useddata
SQLinStatements
a DataSet through DataSet objects. As you know, a DataSet is a
collection of DataSet objects. The DataSet'sRows and Columns properties represent the collection of
aDataSet's rows and columns, which are represented by the DataRowCollection and
Index
DataColumnCollection objects. The DataRowCollection and DataColumnCollection classes
List of Figures
provide methods to add and delete rows and columns, respectively (see Chapter 3 for more details). You
List of Tables
can add a new row to a DataTable using its NewRow method, which takes a DataRow as an argument.
List of Listings
To update a DataRow's data (through DataTable), you first get a DataRow based on the index of the
List
rowofand
Sidebars
edit its values. The Delete method of a DataRow deletes a row. Listing 4-38 adds, updates, and
deletes data of a DataSet through a DataTable and a DataRow.
Listing 4-38: Adding, Editing, and Deleting a DataSet Rows

' Create a command builder object
Dim builder As SqlCommandBuilder = New SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
' Create a dataset object
Dim row As Applied ADO.NET:
DataRow Building Data-Driven Solutions
= EmployeeTable.NewRow()
row("FirstName") = "New David
by Mahesh Chand and Name"Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
row("LastName") = "Mr. Last"(928 pages)
row("Title")This text
= provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
"New Employee"
including ADO.NET
EmployeeTable.AcceptChanges() internals, namespaces, classes, and
' Get theADO.NET.
last row
Dim editedRow As DataRow = EmployeeTable.Rows _
(EmployeeTable.Rows.Count - 1)
Table of Contents
editedRow("FirstName") = "Edited Name"
AppliededitedRow("LastName")
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven=Solutions"Mr. Edited"
Introduction
editedRow("Title") = "Edited Employee"
ChapterEmployeeTable.AcceptChanges()
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter'2 Delete
- Data Components
a row. Last in Visual
rowStudio
- 1 .NET
ChapterDim
3 -deletedRow As DataRow
ADO.NET in Disconnected = EmployeeTable.Rows _
Environments
Chapter(EmployeeTable.Rows.Count
4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments - 2)
ChapterdeletedRow.Delete()
ChapterEmployeeTable.AcceptChanges()
Chapter'7 Save changes
- Data Binding andtoWindows
the database
Accepting and Rejecting Changes through the DataSet
TheDataSet class provides methods that allow you to make sure if you want to save changes or reject
changes made to a DataSet since it was loaded or the last time AcceptChanges was called. The
AcceptChanges method saves the changes, and the RejectChanges method rejects (rolls back) all
the changes made to the DataSet.Listing 4-39 shows you how to use these methods to accept and
reject changes.
Chapter
Listing19 - Mapped
4-39: UsingObjects: Performance Considerations
the AcceptChanges and Data Binding
and RejectChanges Methods of a DataSet
' Create a command builder object
AppendixDimA -builder
As SqlCommandBuilder = New SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
Appendix' BCreate
- Commonly Used SQL object
a dataset Statements
AppendixDim C -ds
ADO.NET Frequently=Asked
As DataSet New Questions
DataSet()
Index adapter.Fill(ds, "Employees")
List of Figures
List of Tables
Dim row As DataRow = EmployeeTable.NewRow()
List of Listings
row("FirstName")
List of Sidebars = "New Name"
row("LastName") = "Mr. Last"
row("Title") = "New Employee"
' Update data adapter
If MessageBox.Show("Do you want to save change?", _
"DataSet AcceptReject Methods", _
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) _
= DialogResult.Yes Then
ds.AcceptChanges()
Else
ds.RejectChanges()
End If
Applied ADO.NET:
adapter.Update(ds, Building Data-Driven Solutions
"Employees")
Saving Changed Data Only
As you know, youADO.NET.
fill a DataSet using the Fill method of a DataAdapter, modify its contents, and call
theUpdate method to save changes made to a DataSet. This method sends the entire DataSet data
backoftoContents
Table the database. This scenario may affect the performance and increase network congestion when
working with large dataespecially over the Web.
Introduction
Wouldn't it be nice if you could send only the changed data of a DataSet back to the database instead of
Chapter
sending1 the
- ADO.NET Basics of a DataSet? The DataSet provides methods that allow you to find out the
entire contents
Chapter
changed 2 rows
- Data Components
and in Visualrows
retrieve changed Studio .NET
only. The HasChanges method of the DataSet returns True if
Chapter
it finds 3any- changes
ADO.NETbased
on the DataRow's state, represented by the DataRowState enumeration. The
Chapter methodinreturns
4 - ADO.NET
GetChanges the Environments
Connected changed rows since a DataSet was loaded or AcceptChanges was
last called
Chapter 5 -and returns
Handling the changed
ADO.NET Eventsdata in a DataSet. Now you just need to call the DataAdapter's
Update
Chapter 6 method with the
- Integrating XMLDataSet object returned by the GetChanges method, which will send this
with ADO.NET
DataSet's
Chapter contents
7 - Data back
Binding to Windows
and the database.
Listing 4-40 shows you how to call the GetChanges method and save only the modified rows back to the
database.
Chapter
Listing11 - Stored
4-40: Procedures
Saving and Views
Only Modified Rows of a DataSet
' See if DataSet has changes or not
If Not ds.HasChanges(DataRowState.Modified) Then Exit Sub
ChapterDim
15 -tmpDtSet
Using ADO.NETAs inDataSet
Xml Web Services
Chapter'16 - ASP.NET Server Controls
GetChanges for modified and Data Binding
rows only.
ChaptertmpDtSet
= ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified)
ChapterIf
18 tmpDtSet.HasErrors
- Object-Relational MappingThen
in .NET
MessageBox.Show("DataSet and Data Binding
has errors")
Chapter 20 - COMSub
Exit Interoperability and ADO.NET
ChapterEnd
21 -If
Messaging
Chapteradapter.Update(tmpDtSet)
Using a DataSet vs. Using a DataReader
Index
List of Figures
When
List should you use a DataSet and when should you use a DataReader? This question comes up on
of Tables
almost
List every ADO.NET-related discussion forum or news-group. There are several differences between
of Listings
theoftwo:
List Sidebars
Accessing performance: A DataReader provides a read-only, forward-only view of data and is

faster than a DataSet because it's only reading data. In other words, you can only read data using a
DataReader. A DataSet provides both read and write access to data.
Data-bound connectivity: A DataReader doesn't provide any direct data-bound connectivity, which
makes it less flexible than a DataSet. A DataSet is a versatile and flexible control, which allows
both data read and write options and provides way to add, edit, delete, and view data in data-bound
controls with little effort.
Connected state: A DataReader is always in a connected state. This means if you're using a
DataReader, there's always a connection established between the reader and the database, until
you close theApplied ADO.NET:
DataReader. Building stores
A DataSet Data-Driven
data in Solutions
a disconnected state in Extensible Markup
Language (XML) format. Once you fill data from a data source ISBN:1590590732
to a DataSet, there's no connection
between a DataSet and the database. A connection is established when you read or updated data
again. This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
interfaces,
You should now have andoftakes
an idea whena to
use a DataReader and when to use a DataSet.
ADO.NET.
Fetching Data Based on Wildcard Characters
Table of Contents
TheSELECT...LIKE SQL statement is useful when you want to select rows based on a wildcard string.
For example, Data-Driven
say you want Solutions
to get all rows of the Employees table where an employee's first name starts
Introduction
with C and ends with a. You build a SQL statement like so:
Chapter
Dim sql2 -as
Data Components
string in Visual*Studio
= SELECT FROM.NET
Employees WHERE FirstName LIKE 'C%a'
Another5 useful
Chapter example
- Handling of LIKE
ADO.NET is when you want to select all the employees whose first name contains
Events
the string
Chapter 6 gar. You can XML
- Integrating buildwith
a SELECT statement as follows:
ADO.NET
Chapter
Dim sql8 -as
Constraints
stringand= Data Relations
SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE FirstName LIKE '%gar%'
Now you can use this SELECT statement in a DataReader or DataAdapter to retrieve the data from a
database.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataView in ADO.NET:
Applied Connected Environments
In Chapter 3, you Apress
learned 2003
how (928
a DataView
pages) is useful to sort, filter, and view data based on different selection
criteria. You also This
saw text
howprovides
to add, edit, and delete
extensive coveragedata
of from a DataView.
ADO.NET technologyIn Chapter 3, you saw all of this in
disconnected data. Also, you created DataView objects from
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and DataTable objects. In the following sections,
you'll see how to interfaces, and takes a objects
work with DataView comprehensive look at XML
in a connected environment. You'll also learn how to search and
sort data based on namespaces
criteria andand
howclasses, and different
to create how to integrate
views ofboth with data.
the same
ADO.NET.
You simply create a DataView from a DataTable, which can be retrieved using the Tables property of a
DataSet. The following code creates a DataView from the first table of a DataSet and binds a DataView to
Table of Contents
theDataGrid control:
Introduction
Dim dtView1
Chapter As DataView
1 - ADO.NET Basics = New DataView(ds.Tables(0))
Chapter 2
= dtView1
Creating
Chapter 6 Multiple
- Integrating XML Views
with ADO.NET
The main features of a DataView is that it's easily bound to controls, and it provides filter and sort properties,
which allow you to create different views of the same data. To see how to use DataViews, let's create a
Windows application. After creating a Windows application, you'll add two DataGrid controls, four TextBox
controls, two CheckBox controls, and a Button control and arrange them as shown in Figure 4-7. The Load
Data button loads data from the Northwind SQL Server database's Orders table.
IndexFigure 4-7: Default multiple views application
List of Figures
Now,
List if you enter the filter and sort criteria from both DataGrid controls, the data is filtered and sorted based
of Tables
on of
List theListings
criteria. For example, Figure 4-8 shows the criteria and the result of clicking the Load Data button.
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 4-8:
Figure ADO.NET Basics
Multiple views with different filter and sorting criteria
Now let's examine the code. Listing 4-41 shows the private members.
Chapter
Listing54-41:
- Handling
PrivateADO.NET
MembersEvents
Private ConnectionString As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
Private conn As SqlConnection
Private SQL As String = _
Chapter 11 - Stored
"SELECT Procedures and
EmployeeID, Views
CustomerID, ShipCity, ShipName FROM Orders"
Private adapter As SqlDataAdapter .NET Data Providers
Chapter
Dim13ds- Developing
As DataSet a Custom
= NewData Provider
DataSet()
Listing 17
Chapter 4-42 shows the
- Building code of Web
Real-World the Load Data button's click event handler. As you can see, the code creates two
Applications
different
Chapter 18 DataView objects from
- Object-Relational the DataSet
Mapping in .NET and sets their RowFilter and Sort properties based on the
data entered
Chapter on theObjects:
19 - Mapped form. In Performance
the end, youConsiderations
bind each DataView
and Dataobject to a separate DataGrid control.
Binding
Listing 4-42: The Load Data Button's Click Event Handler
Private
Appendix A -Sub LoadDataBtn_Click(ByVal
Relational sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles LoadDataBtn.Click
conn = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Try
Index
conn.Open()
List of Figures
adapter = New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, conn)
List of Tables
adapter.Fill(ds)
List of Listings
Catch exp As SqlException
List of Sidebars
exp.Message.ToString()
End Try
' Create two DataView objects

Dim dtView1 As DataView = New DataView(ds.Tables(0))
Dim dtView2 As DataView = New DataView(ds.Tables(0))
' Set RowFilter and Sort proeprties of DataView1
If (TextBox1.Text <> String.Empty) Then
dtView1.RowFilter = TextBox1.Text
End If
Dim sortStr1 As String = TextBox2.Text
If (sortStr1 <> String.Empty) Then
If CheckBox1.Checked Then
Applied
sortStr1 ADO.NET: +Building
= sortStr1 " DESC" Data-Driven Solutions
Else by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
sortStr1 = sortStr1 + " ASC"
End If This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including
dtView1.Sort = ADO.NET
sortStr1 internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
' Set RowFilter and Sort proeprties of DataView2
If (TextBox3.Text <> String.Empty) Then
Table ofdtView2.RowFilter
Contents = TextBox3.Text
Introduction
Dim sortStr2 As String = TextBox4.Text
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET <>
If (sortStr2 Basics
String.Empty) Then
ChapterIf
2 CheckBox2.Checked
Then
Chapter 3 sortStr2
- ADO.NET = in sortStr2
Disconnected+Environments
" DESC"
ChapterElse
Chapter 5 sortStr2 = sortStr2
- Handling ADO.NET Events+ " ASC"
ChapterEnd
6 -If Integrating XML with ADO.NET
ChapterdtView2.Sort
7 - Data Binding=and sortStr2
End If
' Bind both DataViews to two different DataGrids
' release objects
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
Chapter
End Sub15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Transactions and Data Binding
and Concurrency in ADO.NET
Transactions
Chapter are groups of database commands that execute as a package and provide an ability to
21 - Messaging
commit or roll back (abort) all changes made during the transaction processing. Transaction changes will
be committed if there wasn't an error during the transaction processing. If an error occurs during the
transaction processing, all changes will be aborted and data will be same as it was before any transactions
started. To start transaction processing, you call BeginTransaction. At the end you can call
CommitTransaction or Rollback Transaction based on the status of the transactions.
IndexCommitTransaction reflects all changes to the database, and Rollback aborts all changes.
List of Figures
List ofFor example, say you have an application with two tables: Inventory and Orders. When a customer places
Tables
List ofan order, the Inventory table needs to be reduced. Now imagine that updating the Orders table was
Listings
List ofsuccessful,
Sidebars but updating the Inventory table failed. This scenario leads to data inconsistency. To maintain
the integrity of data, you could package both commands into a single transaction. If one table updated
successfully and the other table didn't, the transaction could be rolled back; otherwise, the transaction could
be committed.
Nested transactions are transactions within the scope an existing transaction. The changes made within the
nested transactions are invisible to the top-level transactions until the nested transactions are committed.
To create nested transactions, you call BeginTransaction with CommitTransaction and Rollback-
Transaction within the existing transactions. For example:
Begin Transaction A
Begin Transaction B
Do something
Applied
Commit ADO.NET: Building
Transaction B Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
Commit Transaction A and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Savepoints areincluding
useful ADO.NET internals,
when you're workingnamespaces,
with nestedclasses, and
transactions. There are occasions when you want to
interfaces,
abort a portion and takes
of transaction, but anot
all of it. For example, say you're processing four commands as nested
transactions, ADO.NET.
but you want to commit only two commands and abort two of them. A savepoint is a
temporary point in the transaction that you want to save (or back up) without aborting the entire transaction.
In transaction processing, you set the savepoint call and come back later when you think it's safe to process
Table the
of Contents
transaction. A unique number represents the savepoint. For example:
Introduction
Begin Transaction A
Chapter 1 -DoADO.NET Basics
something
Chapter 2 - Data SetSavePoint
Do something
Commit
Chapter or Rollback
4 - ADO.NET Transaction
in Connected EnvironmentsA
Managing and writing reliable and scalable multitier distributed applications is one of the most challenging
jobs for database developers. Think about multiple clients accessing same server database
simultaneously-some of them are accessing data, some of them are updating the same data, and some of
them are trying to delete the same data that other clients are using in their operations.
To 12
Chapter prevent dataSQLXML,
- Oracle, inconsistency, it's .NET
and Other important to provide some kind of mechanism so other users can't
Data Providers
update
Chapter 13 - data when a user
Developing is already
Custom using that data. The mechanism to deal with this situation is called
Data Provider
concurrency
Chapter control.
14 - Developing Concurrency
Database is the method
Web Applications usingbyASP.NET
which multiple clients can access and update the same
data
Chapter 15simultaneously without
- Using ADO.NET in Xmlbeing concerned that they're forcing data redundancy and inconsistency.
Web Services
There are three common ways to manage concurrency:
Pessimistic concurrency control: In pessimistic concurrency, the data is unavailable to other users
from the time the record is fetched by a user until it's updated in the database. This is useful when
Chapter 20users
- COM Interoperability
accessing andgoing
a row are ADO.NET
to play a major role based on the data they're accessing. Another
Chapter 21advantage
- Messagingof pessimistic concurrency is less locking overhead. Once a row is locked, it's locked until
Chapter 22the
- SQL
first Server
user is and ADO.NET:
done. Notes
The main on Performance
drawback of this type of concurrency is that data is not available to
Appendix Aother
- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts data left his terminal, other users have to wait for him to
users. For example, if a user accessing
Appendix Brelease
the connection.
Index
Optimistic concurrency control: In optimistic concurrency, data is available all the time except when
List of Figures
a user is updating the data. The update examines the row in the database and determines whether any
List of Tables
changes have been made. In this type of concurrency, the locks are set and held only while the
List of Listings
database is being accessed. The locks prevent other users from attempting to update records at the
List of Sidebars
same instant. If other users try to update the data that is locked by first user, the update fails.
Last in wins concurrency control: In this case of concurrency control, a row is unavailable to other
users only while the data is being updated. This is only useful when the last user's update counts. For
example, it's useful if you're keeping track of the last winner of a race. In other words, many users are
updating the same data, and the person who updates it last is the latest data. The data updated by
other users will be lost. In this case, data could easily lead to inconsistencies because of network
slowness when data previously posted arrives last.
Note SeeAppendix A for more on locking, cursors, and isolation levels.

Using Transactions in ADO.NET
ADO.NET provides a Transaction
Apress class that represents a transaction. All data providers provide their own
2003 (928 pages)
version of the Transaction class.
This text provides In the provider
extensive classes,
coverage a transaction
of ADO.NET is represented as an object returned
technology
including ADO.NET
after BeginTransaction is calledinternals, namespaces,You
on a Connection. classes, and
can commit (make permanent) or roll back
interfaces,
(cancel and return and takes
to the original a comprehensive
state) look
the transactions. at XML
Table 4-15 describes the methods for the OleDb
provider'sTransaction
ADO.NET.
class.
Table 4-15: Methods of the Transaction Class

Table of Contents
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Introduction
Commit Commits the transaction to the database
Rollback
Chapter 2 Rolls
- Data Components in Visual back.NET
Studio a transaction to the previous database state
Begin(IsolationLevel) Environments
Begins a nested database transaction passing the isolation level
TheIsolationLevel allowsEvents
you to lock your transaction in various ways. The default isolation level is
Chapter which
6 - Integrating
ReadCommitted, XMLallows you to alter data during a transaction. If you use an isolation level of
with ADO.NET
RepeatableRead,
Chapter locks
7 - Data Binding areWindows
and placed Forms
on all the data, so Controls
Data-Bound you can't alter the data in this transaction. If you lock at
theSerializable
Chapter level,
8 - Constraints andlocks
Data are placed on the entire DataSet, preventing changes to all the data in the
Relations
9 -Table
DataSet.
Chapter 4-16Exception
ADO.NET describesHandling
different isolation levels.
Table 4-16:
Chapter Isolation
11 - Stored Levels and
Procedures Available
Views for Transactions
ISOLATION LEVELSQLXML, DESCRIPTION
ReadCommitted
Chapter Locks
14 - Developing Database areApplications
Web shared to prevent inconsistent reads between multiple users.
using ASP.NET
(default)
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET inData
Xml can
Webbe altered during the transaction.
Services
ReadUncommitted and
Locks are Data
not Binding
placed on the data, so a dirty read is possible. A dirty read
occurs when a transaction reads some data that has been added to the
Chapter 18 - Object-Relationaltable
Mapping
but in
not.NET
committed yet.
RepeatableRead Locks are placed on all the data of the database query, so the data can't be
altered during a read.
Chapter
Chaos 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes
The changes on Performance
made on transactions awaiting commitment can't be altered.
Serializable A range lock is placed on an entire DataSet, preventing changes from
being made to the DataSet
Unspecified
Index TheIsolationLevel can't be determined.
List of Figures
List of Tables
Using Concurrency in ADO.NET
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The ADO.NET model assumes that optimistic concurrency is the default concurrency model because of the
disconnected nature of data in ADO.NET. A user reads data in a DataSet through a DataAdapter, and data
is available to a user as a local copy of the data. The server database is available to all other users.
Even though the ADO.NET model supports optimistic concurrency by default, that doesn't mean you can't
implement pessimistic concurrency in ADO.NET. The following two examples show you how to handle both
cases.
Listing 4-43 shows you how to implement optimistic concurrency. You can handle the optimistic concurrency by
creating an Update command that checks the database to make sure the original data of the database row
hasn't changed when an immediate Update is about to be performed. It does this by creating two sets of
parameters for the Update command: a current set of parameters and an original set of parameters. The
original parameters maintain the data that was originally read in from the DataSet. If the data has changed in
Applied
the data source, when youADO.NET: Building
run the Update Data-Driven
command Solutions
with the WHERE clause filter, the filter won't find the row
and an Update won't occur. If the data has not changed in theISBN:1590590732
data source, then the WHERE clause will find the
Apress
original row you're 2003and
updating, (928the
pages)
row will be updated with the new data. Listing 4-43 has a built-in WHERE
This text
clause on the original provides
data. The IDE extensive coverage
generates of ADO.NET
parameters technology
such as @ShipCity and @ShipDate. The
framework even generates the Update command (which has been classes, and
shortened in the example).
Listing 4-43: Optimistic
ADO.NET.Concurrency
Private Sub TestOptimisticConcurrency()

Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapterconn.Open()
1 - ADO.NET Basics
ChapterTry
Chapter 3 Dim
- ADO.NET
da As inSqlDataAdapter
= New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Orders", conn)
Chapter 4 Dim
- ADO.NET
ds As inDataSet
Connected=Environments
New DataSet("test")
Chapter 5 Dim
- Handling ADO.NET
updateCmd AsEvents
SqlCommand = New SqlCommand()
Chapter 6 updateCmd.CommandText
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET= "UPDATE Orders SET CustomerID = @CustomerID," & _
Chapter 7 "OrderDate
- Data Binding=and@OrderDate,
Windows FormsShippedDate = @ShippedDate WHERE " & _
Data-Bound Controls
"(OrderID = @Original_OrderID)
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations AND (CustomerID = @Original_CustomerID " & _
"OR @Original_CustomerID
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling IS NULL AND CustomerID IS NULL) AND " & _
"(OrderDate = @Original_OrderDate
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider OR @Original_OrderDate " & _
"IS NULL AND OrderDate
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views IS NULL) AND (ShippedDate = " & _
"@Original_ShippedDate OR @Original_ShippedDate IS NULL AND " & _
"ShippedDate IS NULL); SELECT CustomerID, OrderDate, ShippedDate, " & _
"OrderID FROM Orders WHERE (OrderID = @OrderID)"
updateCmd.Connection = conn
' CustomerID parameter
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World Web Applications SqlParameter _
updateCmd.Parameters.Add(New
("@CustomerID",MappingSqlDbType.NVarChar,
in .NET 5, "CustomerID"))
Chapter 19 ' -OrderDate
parameter
updateCmd.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter _
("@OrderDate", SqlDbType.DateTime, 8, "OrderDate"))
Chapter 22 ' -ShippedDate
SQL Server and ADO.NET:
parameter Notes on Performance
Appendix A updateCmd.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter _
("@ShippedDate",
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements SqlDbType.DateTime, 8, "ShippedDate"))
updateCmd.Parameters.Add(New
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions SqlParameter _
Index ("@Original_OrderID", SqlDbType.Int, 4, _
List of Figures ParameterDirection.Input, False, _
List of Tables
(CType((0), System.Byte)), (CType((0), System.Byte)), _
"OrderID", DataRowVersion.Original, Nothing))
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
("@Original_CustomerID", SqlDbType.NVarChar, _
5, ParameterDirection.Input, False, (CType((0), System.Byte)), _
(CType((0), System.Byte)), "CustomerID", _
DataRowVersion.Original, Nothing))
("@Original_OrderDate", SqlDbType.DateTime, _
(CType((0), System.Byte)), "OrderDate",
DataRowVersion.Original, Nothing))
("@Original_ShippedDate", SqlDbType.DateTime, _
(CType((0), System.Byte)), "ShippedDate", _
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
DataRowVersion.Original, Nothing))Solutions
updateCmd.Parameters.Add(New SqlParameter("@OrderID", ISBN:1590590732
_
Apress 2003 (928
SqlDbType.Int, 4, "OrderID")) pages)
This text provides
da.UpdateCommand = extensive
updateCmd coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
da.Fill(ds, "Orders") internals, namespaces, classes, and
' update the row
namespaces andin the and
classes, dataset
ds.Tables("Orders").Rows(0).BeginEdit()
ADO.NET.
ds.Tables("Orders").Rows(0)("OrderDate") = DateTime.Now
ds.Tables("Orders").Rows(0)("ShipCity") = "Leone"
Table of Contents
ds.Tables("Orders").Rows(0).EndEdit()
' update the Data-Driven
row in the Solutions
data Source (Orders Table)
Introduction
da.Update(ds, "Orders")
Chapter 1 MessageBox.Show("Finished
- ADO.NET Basics updating first row.")
Chapter 2 ' -close
Data Components
connection in Visual Studio .NET
ChapterCatch ex AsADO.NET
5 - Handling SqlException
Events
Chapter 6 ' -close connection
conn.Dispose()
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString())
End Try
End Sub
Chapter 14 To
Note - Developing
test theseDatabase
samples,Web Applications
create a Windows using ASP.NET add references to the System.Data and
application,
Chapter 15 System.Data.SqlClient
namespaces, add two Button controls to the form, write code on the
Chapter 16 button
- ASP.NET Server
event Controls
handlers, andand Data
make Binding
sure SQL Server is up and running.
Another18way
Chapter of handling optimistic
- Object-Relational concurrency
Mapping in .NET that you may be familiar with is by checking to see if a
timestamp
Chapter 19 - on the data
Mapped source
Objects: row has changed
Performance or the row
Considerations andversion number has changed on the row being
Data Binding
updated.
The data providers don't really support pessimistic locking on the database because the connection to the
Chapter 22 is
database - SQL Server
not kept and so
open, ADO.NET: Notes
you must on Performance
perform all locking with business logic on the DataSet.
You canBdo
Appendix a form of pessimistic
- Commonly concurrency, however, using ADO.NET on the data source through
Used SQL Statements
transactions.
Appendix The wayFrequently
C - ADO.NET to do this Asked
is to keep the connection open on the database and create a transaction that
Questions
has a certain isolation level on a row. Listing 4-44 opens a connection and creates a transaction that locks out
Index
theofrows
List used in the Update of the Orders table in the Northwind database.
Figures
List of Tables
Listing 4-44: Pessimistic Concurrency
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Private Sub TestPessimisticConcurrency()
conn.Open()
Try
' Create a transaction that locks the records of the query
Dim tr As SqlTransaction = conn.BeginTransaction _
(IsolationLevel.RepeatableRead, "test")
' Create a command that updates the order of
' the database using the transaction\
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("UPDATE Orders SET " & _
"ShippedDate = '5/10/01', ShipCity = 'Columbus' WHERE " & _
Applied ADO.NET:
"OrderID = 10248", Building
conn, Data-Driven
tr) Solutions
by Mahesh
' Execute the updateChand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery() (928 pages)
This text
' Generate provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
message
MessageBox.Show("Wait namespaces, classes, and
for keypress...")
' transaction
namespacesis andcommitted As tr.Commit()
conn.Close()
ADO.NET.
Catch ex As SqlException
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message.ToString())
Table ofEnd
Contents
Try
Applied
EndADO.NETBuilding
Sub Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 3
Understanding
Chapter 4
Rollback, Commit, and Savepoints
Chapter
The Sql5 data
- Handling
providerADO.NET
providesEvents
some additional methods for dealing with transactions involving savepoints
(which may not be available in allADO.NET
data providers). Savepoints allow you to roll back to a "bookmarked" point in
Chapter 7 - DataTable
the transaction. Binding anddescribes
4-17 Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
these methods.
Table 4-17:
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Methods
Exception
Transaction Handlingin the Sql Data Provider
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Rollback(SavePoint) .NET Data
Performs Providers
a rollback on a transaction to the previous database state.
Begin(IsolationLevel) Begins a nested database transaction passing the isolation level.
Chapter Equivalent
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
Save(SavePointName) to the Transact-SQL SAVE TRANSACTION in the SQL
Services
Server
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls database.
and Data BindingAllows you to create a savepoint so that you can roll
back
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World Web to a particular saved state of the database.
Applications
Listing 19
Chapter 4-45 shows an
- Mapped example
Objects: of how you
Performance use savepoints
Considerations andinData
SQLBinding
Server. As you can see, first you establish a
connection
Chapter 20 - with
COMthe Northwind database
Interoperability and open the connection. After that, by calling BeginTransaction
and ADO.NET
on the connection,
Chapter you can return a SqlTransaction object, which you can use with your Command object.
21 - Messaging
To establish the relationship with the Command object, you then pass the Transaction object in the
constructor of Command.
Listing 4-45: Using Savepoints in the Sql Data Provider
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Dim tran As SqlTransaction = Nothing
List of Sidebars
Try
conn.Open()
tran = conn.BeginTransaction("Transaction1")
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(_
"INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName)" & _
"VALUES (516, 'Tim Howard', 'FireCon')", conn, tran)
' Call Save method
tran.Save("save1")
MessageBox.Show("Tim is in the Database")
cmd.CommandText = _
"INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName)" & _
"VALUESApplied
(517,ADO.NET:
'Bob Hope',Building Data-Driven Solutions
'Hollywood')"
by Mahesh
' Call Save again Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
tran.Save("save2") 2003 (928 pages)
MessageBox.Show("Bob is in namespaces, classes, and
the Database")
cmd.CommandText
namespaces and = _ classes, and how to integrate both with
"INSERTADO.NET.
INTO Customers(CustomerID, ContactName, CompanyName)" & _
"VALUES (518, 'Fred Astaire', 'Hollywood')"
MessageBox.Show("Fred is in the Database")
Table of Contents
' Save
tran.Save("save3")Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 1 ' -rollback
ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 tran.Rollback("save2")
Chapter 3 ' -Commit
ADO.NET the transaction
Chapter 4 tran.Commit()
Chapter 5 MessageBox.Show("Transaction
- Handling ADO.NET Events Rolledback, only Tim Made it.")
Catch exp As Exception
If tran Is Nothing Then
tran.Rollback()
End If
MessageBox.Show(exp.Message.ToString() & _
"Transaction Rolledback, Tim didn't make it.")
ChapterFinally
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
ChapterEnd
16 -Try
ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Now that
Chapter 20 the transaction
- COM is tied to
Interoperability theADO.NET
and Command object, you'll save the initial savepoint to the transaction and
then execute
Chapter the first insertion into the database. After that you assign a new SQL Insert to the Command text
21 - Messaging
and save the current transaction savepoint before executing the query. This Insert puts Bob Hope into the
database.
Finally, you Used
assign a new SQLInsert
SQL Statements
to the Command text and save the current transaction savepoint before
Appendix
executingC -the
ADO.NET Frequently
query. This InsertAsked
putsQuestions
Fred into the database.
Index
By of
List rolling back to the second savepoint, it's as if the second and third ExecuteNonQuery calls never
Figures
happened,
List of Tables so the first ExecuteNonQuery that puts Tim in the database is the only one that actually gets
committed.
List of ListingsIf there's an exception, then you can roll back the whole transaction.
List of Sidebars
Executing Batches
Another common concern for developers is the question of how to execute multiple INSERT statements in a
batch. Again, using transactions, you can execute multiple queries in a batch and save or roll back changes
based on some condition. For example, Listing 4-46 shows you how to execute multiple SQL queries.
Listing 4-46: Executing Multiple SQL Queries Using SqlTransaction

conn.Open() Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
' Create by Mahesh Chandand
SqlCommand and David Talbot
SqlTransaction ISBN:1590590732
objects
Apress 2003 (928
Dim myCommand As New SqlCommand() pages)
Dim transThis Astext provides extensive coverage
SqlTransaction = Nothingof ADO.NET technology
' Create a local transaction using BeginTransaction classes, and
' All changes inside
namespaces this and
and classes, transaction will
how to integrate bewith
both saves or rollback
' after aADO.NET.
call of Commit or Rollback
trans = conn.BeginTransaction()
myCommand.Connection = conn
Table ofmyCommand.Transaction
Contents = trans
AppliedTry
Introduction
myCommand.CommandText = _
Chapter 1 "INSERT
- ADO.NET BasicsEmployees (FirstName, LastName, Address, City) " & _
INTO
Chapter 2 " -VALUES
Data Components
('Sundar', in Visual Studio .NET Lane, Rose Blvd', 'Chester')"
'Lal','234
Chapter 3 myCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
Chapter 4 myCommand.CommandText
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments= _
Chapter 5 "INSERT
- HandlingINTO
ADO.NETEmployees
Events (FirstName, LastName, Address, City) " & _
Chapter 6 " -VALUES ('Dinesh',
Integrating XML with ADO.NET 'Chand', '23rd Streed, Old Road', 'Delhi')"
Chapter 7 myCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
myCommand.CommandText
= _
"INSERT INTO Employees (FirstName, LastName, Address, City) " & _
" VALUES ('Rajesh', 'Kumar', '278 Meadowlake Drive', 'Downingtown')"
myCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
If MessageBox.Show("Save Changes?", "SqlTransaction Commit Rollback", _
MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question,
MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1) _
= MessageBoxDefaultButton.Button1 Then
Chapter 15 -'Using ADO.NET
Commit in Xml Web Services
transaction and save changes
Chapter 16 -trans.Commit()
Else
Chapter 18 -'Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Rollback transaction
Chapter 19 -trans.Rollback()
Chapter 20 End If Interoperability and ADO.NET
- COM
ChapterCatch exp As Exception
21 - Messaging
Chapter 22 Dim str
- SQL As and
Server String = "Message
ADO.NET: :" + exp.Message
Notes on Performance
Appendix A str = str Databases:
- Relational + "Source Some:" Basic
+ exp.Source
Concepts
Finally
conn.Close()
Index
conn.Dispose()
List of Figures
End Try
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In this chapter you saw the
Apress connected
2003 (928 pages)side of ADO.NET. The connected classes are based on the data
providers. There This
are atext
number of data
provides providers.
extensive Some
coverage of them are
of ADO.NET Sql, OleDb, and Odbc. As their
technology
names suggest, they're
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andsource. For example, the Sql data
designed to work with a specific kind of data
interfaces,
providers are designed and with
to work takesSQL
a comprehensive look atand
Server databases, XMLthe OleDb data providers are designed to
work with OLE DB namespaces and Similarly,
data sources. classes, and
youhow
cantouse
integrate
the Odbcbothdata
withproviders to work with any ODBC
ADO.NET.
data source. Each of these data providers is best used with the associated data source. Although their
names are different, all data providers work in same way.
Table of Contents
All the data providers follow a common model. A connection is created between the data provider and the
data sources. You saw how to access different kinds of data sources using different kinds of data
Introduction
providers. After a connection is created, a DataAdapter or a command accesses and updates the data
source. A DataTable represents an in-memory cache for a database table. A DataSet is a collection of
Chapter 2 - Data
DataTables. A Components
DataAdapter in Visual Studio .NET
sits between a DataSet, and a data source and passes data back and
Chapter 3 -Fill
forth. The ADO.NET in Disconnected
method Environments
of a DataAdapter fills data from a data source to a DataSet based on the SQL
Chapter 4 -on
statement ADO.NET
which itinwas
Connected
created.Environments
The Update method of a DataAdapter reflects DataSet changes to
the data source. You can use commands to execute SQL statements. You can execute direct SQL
Chapter
commands6 - Integrating XML with
such as INSERT, ADO.NET
UPDATE, and DELETE to add, update, and delete data.
ADataReader
Chapter is another
8 - Constraints andimportant component used to read data from a data source through a
Data Relations
DataAdapter. You can use the ExecuteReader
method of a Command to get data in a DataReader.
You can also execute stored procedures and views
using a command. You also learned how to handle
concurrency and locking issues using transactions in ADO.NET.
Chapter 12 -chapter
In the next Oracle, SQLXML, and Otheron
you'll concentrate .NET Data
event Providers
handling in ADO.NET.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
5: Handling ADO.NET Events
Events are usefulinterfaces,
for notifying
andyou when
takes some action happens
a comprehensive to an object. An event can have a method,
look at XML
namespaces
called an event handler, and classes,
associated and
with it. how an
When to integrate both with
event occurs, the associated event handler (method)
ADO.NET.
is executed. An event can have multiple event handlers. In Visual Basic .NET (VB .NET), you use the
AddHandler and RemoveHandler statements to add and remove event handlers.
Table of Contents
AddHandler takes two arguments: the name of an event from an object and an expression that
evaluates to a delegate. You use the AddressOf statement to pass a reference to the delegate. For
Introduction
example, the following code adds an event handler:
AddHandler MyObject.Event1, AddressOf Me.MyEventHandler
RemoveHandler ADO.NET Events
disconnects an event from an event handler, and it uses the same syntax as
Chapter For example,
6 - Integrating
AddHandler. the ADO.NET
XML with following code removes the event handler:
RemoveHandler and Data Relations AddressOf Me.MyEventHandler
MyObject.Event1,
Note
Chapter 12 If- you want
Oracle, to learnand
SQLXML, more about
Other events
.NET and delegates in VB .NET, see the VB .NET language
Data Providers
Chapter 13 reference in the
- Developing documentation.
In this chapter, you'll learn how you can handle events for ADO.NET objects. As discussed in the past two
Chapter 15 you
chapters, - Using
canADO.NET in Xml Web
divide ADO.NET Services
classes into two groups: disconnected classes and connected classes.
Chapter
TheSystem.Data namespace defines Data
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Binding
common event handlers and event argument classes for all data
Chapter 17 -As
providers. Building
you canReal-World
see fromWeb Applications
Figure 5-1, event handler classes are derived from the Delegate class
Chapter 18 -argument
and event Object-Relational
classes Mapping in .NET
are derived from the EventArgs class.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 12 - 5-1:
Figure Oracle, SQLXML,
Event andand
handler Other .NET
event Data Providers
argument classes defined in the System.Data namespace
Note
Chapter 15 ADO.NET data providers
- Using ADO.NET areServices
in Xml Web derived from a common hierarchy, so all data providers support
the same set of events.
DataColumnChangeEventHandler is an event handler for DataColumn when a value is being
Chapter
changed18for
- Object-Relational Mapping in
a column in a DataRow. .NET
DataRowChangeEventHandler is an event handler that handles
Chapter 19 - MappedRowChanged,
theRowChanging, Objects: Performance Considerations
RowDeleting, and Data Binding
and RowDeleted events of a DataTable. The
FillErrorEventHandler andevent
is an ADO.NET
handler that handles a DataAdapter'sFill event. If an error
occurred
Chapter 21 during the fill operation, the FillError fires, which executes FillErrorEventHandler.
- Messaging
MergeFailedEventHandler
Chapter handles
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: theonDataSet's
Notes MergeFailed event that occurs when a
Performance
DataSet
Appendix A -merge operation
Relational fails. Whenever
Databases: Some BasicaConcepts
connection's state changes, the StateChange event
occurs.StateChangeEventHandler
Appendix handles this event.
Besides the event handler and event argument classes defined in the System.Data namespace, the
Index
data provider event handler and event argument classes are defined in the data provider-specific
List of Figures
namespace.Figure 5-2 shows the OleDb data provider event handlers and event argument classes.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 5-2: OleDb data provider event handler and event arguments
OleDbInfoMessageEventHandler Talbot
handles the InfoMessage event of the OleDbConnection. An
ISBN:1590590732
Apress
InfoMessage event occurs
2003when a provider sends a warning or an informational message to the
(928 pages)
application. This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
TheRowUpdatedinterfaces, and takes
event occurs when aan
comprehensive
Update method look is
atcalled
XML on a DataAdapter.
namespaces and classes,
OleDbRowUpdatedEventHandler and how
handles the to integrate both
RowUpdated with of the OleDbDataAdapter. Apart
event
ADO.NET.
from the RowUpdated event, there's one more update-related event: RowUpdating. As you can guess
from its name, this event occurs when a row is being updated, which means before the command is
executed
Table against a data source. OleDbRowUpdatingEventHandler is responsible for handling this
of Contents
event.
Introduction
In this chapter, you'll use the Sql data provider.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Connection
Applied Events
TheConnectionApressobject has
2003 two
(928 events
pages) that notify the application if a connection state changes. You can
use these eventsThis
to retrieve informational
text provides extensive messages
coverage from a data source
of ADO.NET or to determine if the state of a
technology
Connection has changed. These two events are InfoMessage
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and and StateChange. The
InfoMessage eventinterfaces,
occursand
whentakesanainformational
message is returned from a data source. The
namespaces
exception handling and these
doesn't catch classes, and how toThe
messages. integrate both with event occurs only when the state
StateChange
ADO.NET.
of a connection changes.
TheInfoMessage event receives an InfoMessageEventArgs object. The InfoMessageEventArgs

Table of Contents
is as follows:
Introduction
Public
Chapter 1 Delegate Sub SqlInfoMessageEventHandler(_
- ADO.NET Basics
ByVal- Data
Chapter 2
sender As Object, _
ByVal e As SqlInfoMessageEventArgs _
)
Chapter 7 - Data sender
In this example, Binding and Windows
is the sourceForms
of theData-Bound
event and eControls
is an SqlInfoMessageEventArgs object that
Chapter
contains8 the
- Constraints
event data.and Data Relations
Table 5-1 describes the InfoMessageEventArgs properties.
Table 5-1: InfoMessageEventArgs Properties
PROPERTY a Custom Data Provider
DESCRIPTION
ErrorCode Returns the HRESULT following the ANSI SQL standard for the database
Chapter
Errors16 - ASP.NET Serverthe
Returns Controls and of
collection Data Bindingsent from the data source
warnings
Message Returns the full text of the error
Chapter
Source19 - Mapped Objects:
Returns thePerformance
name of theConsiderations and Data the
object that generated Binding
error
Caution Some of these members may be different for other data providers. For example, the Sql data
provider
Chapter 22 - SQL Serverdoesn't have theNotes
and ADO.NET: property.
on Performance
ErrorCode
TheStateChange event occurs when the state of a Connection changes. The
StateChangeEventHandler is as follows:
Index
Public
List Delegate Sub StateChangeEventHandler(_
of Figures
List ofByVal
Tables sender As Object, _
List ofByVal
Listings e As StateChangeEventArgs _
)
List of Sidebars
As you can see from the definition of StateChangeEventHandler, this handler has a second argument
calledStateChangeEventArgs. You can use StateChangeEventArgs to determine the change in
state of the Connection using the OriginalState and CurrentState properties. The
OriginalState property represents the original state of the Connection, and the CurrentState
property represents the current state of the connection. The ConnectionState enumeration defines
members for connection states (see Table 5-2).
Table 5-2: The ConnectionState Enumeration Members

Broken This state occurs if the connection is broken after it was opened.
Closed The
This connection
text is closed.coverage of ADO.NET technology
provides extensive
The connection
Connecting interfaces, is connecting
and takes to a data
a comprehensive look source.
at XML
TheConnection object is executing a command.
Executing ADO.NET.
Fetching TheConnection object is retrieving data.
Table of Contents
Open The connection is open.
Introduction
To test 1events,
Chapter createBasics
- ADO.NET a Windows application and add a SqlConnection to the form by dragging a
SqlConnection
Chapter componentinfrom
2 - Data Components theStudio
Visual Toolbox
.NETData tab. Then add two Button controls to the form: an
Open button
Chapter and a Close
3 - ADO.NET button. Now
in Disconnected write the InfoMessage and StateChange event handlers (see
Environments
Listing 45-1).
Chapter As you can
- ADO.NET see from Listing
in Connected 5-1, you generate messages if any of the events occur.
Environments
Listing 5-1: Writing Event Handlers for the InfoMessage and StateChange Events
' The8 InfoMessage
Chapter event
- Constraints and handler
Data Relations
Private Sub SqlConnection1_InfoMessage(ByVal
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.Data.SqlClient.SqlInfoMessageEventArgs)
_
Handles SqlConnection1.InfoMessage
Dim err As SqlError
For Each err In e.Errors
MessageBox.Show(err.Source.ToString() + err.State.ToString() & _
err.Source.ToString() + err.Message.ToString())
ChapterNext
Chapter
End16Sub- ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
'The state Real-World
change eventWeb Applications
handler
Private Mapping in .NET
Sub SqlConnection1_StateChange(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal19 -eMapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
As System.Data.StateChangeEventArgs) _
Chapter 20 - COM
Handles Interoperability and ADO.NET
SqlConnection1.StateChange
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Original
21 - Messaging State: " + e.OriginalState.ToString() & _
Chapter 22 ", Current
- SQL State
Server and :" +
ADO.NET: e.CurrentState.ToString())
End ASub
Appendix - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Index
Now let's write code to call these events. You write code on the Open and Close button click event
List of Figures
handlers. On the Open button click event handler, you open a SqlConnection, and on the Close event
List of Tables
handler, you close the connection (see Listing 5-2).
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 5-2: Writing Code That Executes Connection Events
' Open button click event handler

Private Sub OpenBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles OpenBtn.Click
SqlConnection1.ConnectionString = ConnectionString
If SqlConnection1.State <> ConnectionState.Open Then
SqlConnection1.Open()
End If
by Mahesh
' Close button clickChand and David
event Talbot
handler ISBN:1590590732
Private Sub CloseBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As This text provides extensiveHandles
System.EventArgs) coverage of ADO.NET technology
CloseBtn.Click
SqlConnection1.Close()
Catch expADO.NET.
As SqlException
MessageBox.Show(exp.Message.ToString())
End Try
TableEnd
of Contents
Sub
Introduction
Note
Chapter 2 You may
- Data notice oneinthing
Components when
Visual you.NET
Studio compile your code. Even though you added
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments still need to import the System.Data.SqlClient
SqlConnection using the wizard, you
Chapter 4 namespace
- ADO.NET inusing the following
Connected line: Imports System.Data.SqlClient.
Environments
The output of clicking the Open button looks like Figure 5-3. It shows that the original state of the
connection was Closed, and the current state is Open.
Chapter 15 - 5-3:
Figure UsingOutput
ADO.NET in Xml
of the Web
Open Services
button click
The output of the Close button click looks like Figure 5-4. It shows that the original state of the connection
wasOpen, and the current state is Closed.
Index
List ofFigure
Figures5-4: Output of the Close button click
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with DataAdapter
Applied Events
TheDataAdapter has a 2003
Apress (928 pages) event that occurs when there's an error during a Fill method. It
FillError
allows a user to determine whether a fill operation
This text provides extensive should
coverage continue.
of ADO.NET FillError may occur when data
technology
from a database including
can't be converted
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and (CLR) type without losing precision;
to a Common Language Runtime
interfaces,
or it may occur when and casting
data type takes a isn't
comprehensive
valid. look at XML
ADO.NET.
FillErrorEventHandler handles the FillError event. The event handler receives an argument of
typeFillErrorEventArgs containing data related to this event. The FillErrorEventHandler is
defined as follows:
Table of Contents
Public Delegate Sub FillErrorEventHandler(_
Introduction
ByVal
Chapter sender Basics
1 - ADO.NET As Object, _
ByVal- Data
Chapter 2
e As FillErrorEventArgs _
)
In this example, ADO.NET
sender is theEvents
source of the event and e is the FillErrorEventArgs that contains the
Chapter 6
event data.- Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Table 5-3
Chapter 8 -describes theand
Constraints FillErrorEventArgs
Data Relations properties.
Table 5-3:
Chapter 10 - The FillErrorEventArgs
Working Members
with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 - StoredDESCRIPTION
PROPERTY Procedures and Views
Continue
Chapter Represents
13 - Developing a value
a Custom Data indicating
Provider whether to continue the Fill operation
DataTable Database
Returns Web
the data Applications
table using ASP.NET
being updated when the error occurred
Errors
Chapter Returns
16 - ASP.NET Serverthe errors and Data Binding
Controls
Chapter
Values17 - Building Real-World
Returns Webbeing
the rows Applications
updated when the error occurred
TheRowUpdated
Chapter and RowUpdating
20 - COM Interoperability events are two more events supported by a DataAdapter. The
and ADO.NET
RowUpdating
Chapter event occurs when an Update method is called before a command is executed against
21 - Messaging
the data
Chapter 22source. The RowUpdated
- SQL Server and ADO.NET:event
Notesoccurs when a command is executed.
on Performance
TheRowUpdated event handler receives an argument SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs containing data
Appendix B this
related to - Commonly Used
event. The SQL Statements
SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs contains the members in Table 5-4.
Index
Table 5-4: The SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs Members
List of Figures
ListPROPERTY
of Tables DESCRIPTION
ListCommand
of Listings Returns the Command object executed when Update is called
List of Sidebars
Errors Returns errors generated during the Update operation
RecordsAffected Returns the number of rows affected during inserting, updating, and
deleting
Row Returns the data row sent through an Update
StatementType Returns the SQL statement type
Status Returns the UpdateStatus of a command
TableMapping Returns the DataTableMapping sent through an Update
Similarly to the RowUpdated event, the RowUpdating event handler receives an argument of type
SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs that defines the same properties as the SqlRowUpdated with the same
meaning.
To test the DataAdapter events
Apress 2003 and event handlers, create a Windows application, add a Button
(928 pages)
control to the form, and
This textchange itsextensive
provides name to DataAdapterEventsTestBtn.
coverage of ADO.NET technology Also add a
SqlDataAdapter including ADO.NET
by dragging theinternals, namespaces,
SqlDataAdapter classes,
from and
the Toolbox Data tab to the form and
interfaces, and
configure the DataAdapter takes
using a comprehensive
the look at XML Wizard. Select the CompanyName,
Data Adapter Configuration
ContactName, and CustomerID columns from the Customers table. The final SELECT statement looks
ADO.NET.
like the following:
Table of Contents
SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName FROM Customers
Introduction
Note
Chapter 2 See Chapter
- Data 2 for more
Components details
in Visual about
Studio the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard.
.NET
Now add all three FillError,RowUpdating, and RowUpdated event handlers manually. Listing 5-3
defines the event handler bodies for these three methods.
Chapter
Listing65-3:
SqlDataAdapter Event Handler Bodies
'FillError event handler
Private Shared Sub FillError(ByVal sender As Object, _
Chapter
ByVal -args
10 Working
Aswith the ODBC .NET Data Provider
FillErrorEventArgs)
Chapter
End12Sub
'RowUpdating Database
event Web Applications using ASP.NET
handler
Chapter 15 - UsingShared
Protected ADO.NETSub
in Xml Web Services
OnRowUpdating(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal
Chapter 16 -eASP.NET
As SqlRowUpdatingEventArgs)
Server Controls and Data Binding
End18Sub
Chapter - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
'RowUpdated
Chapter event handler
Protected Shared Sub OnRowUpdated(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs)
End Sub
Index
List
Now of you
Figures
need to write code on these event handlers. Listing 5-4 shows the source code for the
List of Tables
FillError event. You can also use other members of EventArgs to get more details. This event
handler
List will execute when an error occurs during the Fill method.
of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 5-4: DataAdapter FillError Event Handler Code
'FillError event handler

Private Shared Sub FillError(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal args As FillErrorEventArgs)
If args.Errors.GetType() Is Type.GetType("System.OverflowException") Then
MessageBox.Show("Error in Fill operation for table " & _
args.DataTable.TableName & _
", Error Message: " + args.Errors.Message.ToString() & _
", Source: " + args.Errors.Source.ToString())
args.Continue = True
End If
including
Listing 5-5 and Listing 5-6 ADO.NET
show the internals,
code for namespaces, classes,
the RowUpdated andand
RowUpdating event handlers. The
RowUpdated event handler is called when a row is updated using the Update method of a
and RowUpdating is called when a row is updating.
DataAdapter, ADO.NET.
Listing 5-5: The RowUpdated Event Handler

Table of Contents
'RowUpdated Data-Driven Solutions
event handler
Introduction
Protected Shared Sub OnRowUpdated(ByVal sender As Object, _
Chapter 1 -eADO.NET
ByVal Basics
As SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs)
ChapterIf
2 e.Status
= UpdateStatus.ErrorsOccurred Then
Chapter 3 MessageBox.Show("Error
Message: " + e.Errors.Message.ToString() & _
", Source: " + e.Errors.Source.ToString())
Chapter 5 e.Row.RowError
- Handling ADO.NET=Events
e.Errors.Message
Chapter 6 e.Status = XML
- Integrating UpdateStatus.SkipCurrentRow
with ADO.NET
ChapterElse
Chapter 8 MessageBox.Show("Updated")
ChapterEnd
9 -If
End Sub
Listing 5-6: The RowUpdating Event Handler
'RowUpdating event handler
Protected Shared Sub OnRowUpdating(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As SqlRowUpdatingEventArgs)
' Inserting
If e.StatementType = StatementType.Insert Then
MessageBox.Show("Inserting")
ChapterEnd21 -IfMessaging
Chapter'22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Updating
Appendix A - Relational Databases:=Some
If e.StatementType Basic Concepts
StatementType.Update Then
MessageBox.Show("Updating")
AppendixEnd C -If
Index 'Deleting
If e.StatementType = StatementType.Delete Then
List of Figures
MessageBox.Show("Deleting")
List of Tables
End If
List of Listings
' Selecting
List of Sidebars
If e.StatementType = StatementType.Select Then
MessageBox.Show("Selecting")
End If
End Sub
As you can see from Listing 5-6, you can compare the StatementType member of
OleDbRowUpdatingEventArgs to the StatementType enumeration to find out the statement type.
TheStatementType enumeration defines Select,Insert,Update, and Delete members.
To test these events you can write code that fills a DataSet and calls the Update method of the
DataAdapter. You add an event handler for the button by double-clicking it and writing the code in
Applied
Listing 5-7. As you ADO.NET:
can see, you call Building Data-Driven
AddHandler Solutions
and RemoveHandler.
Apress
Listing 5-7: Calling theDataAdapter's
2003 (928 pages) Fill and Update Methods
Private Sub DataAdapterEventsTestBtn_Click(ByVal
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As namespaces
System.EventArgs) Handles
and classes, and DataAdapterEventsTestBtn.Click
' Create ADO.NET.
InsertCommand
SqlDataAdapter1.InsertCommand = New SqlCommand _
("INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerID, CompanyName)" & _
Table of Contents
"VALUES(@CustomerID, @CompanyName)", SqlConnection1)
SqlDataAdapter1.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CustomerID", _
Introduction
SqlDbType.VarChar, 5, "CustomerID")
ChapterSqlDataAdapter1.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@CompanyName",
1 - ADO.NET Basics _
ChapterSqlDbType.VarChar,
30, "CompanyName")
Chapter'3 Opening
Connection
ChapterSqlConnection1.Open()
Chapter'5 Create
- Handling
andADO.NET
Fill Events
DataSet
ChapterDim
6 -custDS
Integrating
AsXML with ADO.NET
ChapterSqlDataAdapter1.Fill(custDS, "Customers")
' add handlers
ChapterAddHandler
9 - ADO.NET SqlDataAdapter1.RowUpdating,
Exception Handling AddressOf OnRowUpdating
AddHandler SqlDataAdapter1.RowUpdated,
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider AddressOf OnRowUpdated
' Add a new data row and
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views call Update method
' of data adapter
Dim custRow As DataRow = custDS.Tables("Customers").NewRow()
custRow("CustomerID") = "NEWCO"
custRow("CompanyName") = "New Company"
custDS.Tables("Customers").Rows.Add(custRow)
SqlDataAdapter1.Update(custDS, "Customers")
ChapterRemoveHandler
SqlDataAdapter1.RowUpdating, AddressOf OnRowUpdating
SqlDataAdapter1.RowUpdated, AddressOf OnRowUpdated
Chapter'19 - Mapped
Close theObjects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
connection
ChapterSqlConnection1.Close()
ChapterSqlConnection1.Dispose()
21 - Messaging
Chapter
End22Sub- SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
You can also use SelectCommand,UpdateCommand, and DeleteCommand objects to select, update,
Index
and delete data from the table. See the "The Command: Executing SQL Statements" section of Chapter 4
List of Figures
for more on using commands.
List of Tables
List
Now of if
Listings
you run the application, you'll see the insert message; if you click the button more than once, you'll
List
getofthe
Sidebars
following error message: "Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'PK_Customers.' Cannot insert
duplicate key in object 'Customers.'"
Working with DataSet
Applied Events
ADataSet has aApress
MergeFailed event that occurs when merging two DataSets fails.
2003 (928 pages)
MergeFailedEventHandler handles
This text provides extensivethecoverage
MergeFailed event,
of ADO.NET which receives an argument of type
technology
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and MergeFailedEventHandler is
MergeFailedEventArgs containing data related to this event. The
defined as follows:
ADO.NET.
Public Delegate Sub MergeFailedEventHandler(_
ByVal sender As Object, _
Table ByVal
of Contents
e As MergeFailedEventArgs _
Applied
) ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
In this example, sender is the source of the event, and e is the MergeFailedEventArgs object that
contains the event data.
MergeFailedEventArgs Environments
has Conflict and Table properties. The Conflict property returns a
description of the merge conflict, and the Table property returns the name of the data table. Listing 5-8
Chapter 6 example
shows an - Integrating XML
of the with ADO.NET event handler.
MergeFailed
Listing85-8:
Chapter Writing Code
- Constraints to Call
and Data MergeFailed Event Handler
Relations
Chapter
ByVal10e -As
Working with the ODBC .NET Data
System.EventArgs) Provider
Handles MergetFailedEventBtn.Click
ChapterDim
11 -ConnectionString
As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
Chapter"Initial
12 - Oracle,Catalog=Northwind;Data
Source=MCB;"
ChapterDim
13 -conn As SqlConnection
Developing = New SqlConnection()
Chapterconn.ConnectionString
14 - Developing Database Web=Applications
ConnectionString
using ASP.NET
ChapterDim
15 -sql
UsingAs String
ADO.NET = "SELECT
in Xml * FROM Employees"
Web Services
ChapterDim
16 -da As SqlDataAdapter
ASP.NET Server Controls and = New
Data SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Binding
ChapterDim
17 -ds1 As Real-World
Building DataSet Web
= New DataSet()
Applications
da.Fill(ds1)
sql = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
da = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
da.Fill(ds2)
' Add MergeFailed Event handler
Appendix A - Relationalds1.MergeFailed,
AddHandler Databases: Some Basic New
Concepts
MergeFailedEventHandler _
(AddressOf Used SQL Statements
DataSetMergeFailed)
ds1.Merge(ds2)
Index 'Remove the MergeFailed handler
List of Figures
RemoveHandler ds1.MergeFailed, AddressOf DataSetMergeFailed
List of Tables
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
List of Listings
End
List of Sub
Sidebars
' MergeFailed event handler
Private Shared Sub DataSetMergeFailed(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal args As MergeFailedEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("Merge failed for table " & args.Table.TableName & _
"Conflict = " & args.Conflict)
End Sub
As you can see from Listing 5-8, you write an event handler that will be called when a Merge method on a
DataSet fails.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with DataTable
Applied Events
ADataTable represents a table
Apress 2003 (928 of a DataSet. A DataTable provides many events that can be tracked
pages)
down by an application (see Table 5-5).
interfaces, and
Table 5-5: The DataTable takes a comprehensive look at XML
Events
EVENT ADO.NET.
DESCRIPTION
ColumnChanged This event occurs when a value of a column has been changed.
Table of Contents
ColumnChanging
Applied This
ADO.NETBuilding event occurs
Data-Driven when a new value is being added to a column.
Solutions
Introduction
RowChanged This event occurs when value of a row in the table is changed.
RowChanging
Chapter 2
This event occurs when a row in a table is changing.
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in This
RowDeleted Disconnected Environments
event occurs when a row in a table is deleted.
RowDeleting This event occurs when a row is being deleted.
TheColumnChangedEventHandler Data-Bound
handles Controls
the ColumnChanged event and is defined as follows:
Chapter 9
Public Delegate Sub DataColumnChangeEventHandler(_
ByVal senderwith
Asthe ODBC .NET
Object, _ Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored
ByVal e As Procedures and Views
DataColumnChangeEventArgs _
Chapter
) 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
In this example,
Chapter 15 - Usingsender is in
ADO.NET theXml
source of the event and e is DataColumnChangedEventArgs that
Web Services
contains
Chapter 16the event data.
- ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
ColumnChangingEventHandler handles the ColumnChanging event and is defined as follows:
Public Delegate Sub DataColumnChangeEventHandler(_
ByVal e As DataColumnChangeEventArgs _
)
In this example,
Appendix sender
C - ADO.NET is the source
Frequently of the event and e is DataColumnChangingEventArgs that
Asked Questions
contains the event data.
Index
List of Figures
Similar to these two event handlers, RowChangedEventHandler,RowChangingEventHandler,
List of Tables
RowDeletedEventHandler, and RowDeletedEventHandler handle the RowChanged,
List of Listings
RowChanging,RowDeleted, and RowDeleting events, respectively. Definitions of these event
List of Sidebars
handlers are similar to DataColumnChangingEventHandler and
DataColumnChangedEventHandlerexcept the EventArgs class is different.
To test these events you'll create a DataTable, add DataRows to it, and then update and delete rows
from the table.
Listing 5-9 creates a DataTable, adds three columnsid, name, and addressadds data to the table
and changes the column of the table. It also calls the ColumnChanged and ColumnChanging event
handlers. You write the code for the ColumnChanged and ColumnChanging event handlers in the
Column_changed and Column_Changing methods. You can write this code on a button click event
handler.
Listing 5-9: Writing the ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged Event Handlers

Private Sub ColumnChange_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ColumnChange.Click
' add columns
namespaces and classes, andType.GetType("System.Int32"))
custTable.Columns.Add("id", how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
custTable.Columns.Add("name", Type.GetType("System.String"))
custTable.Columns.Add("address", Type.GetType("System.String"))
' add a ColumnChanged & ColumnChanging event handler for the table.
Table of Contents
AddHandler custTable.ColumnChanged, New DataColumnChangeEventHandler _
(AddressOf Column_Changed)
Introduction
AddHandler custTable.ColumnChanging, New DataColumnChangeEventHandler _
(AddressOf Column_Changing)
Chapter '
2 add
- Data Components
Two rows in Visual Studio .NET
ChaptercustTable.Rows.Add(New
Object() {1, "name1", "address1"})
Object() {2, "name2", "address2"})
Chapter'5 Save
changes
Chapter'7 change
- Data Binding
Addressand Windows
column Forms Data-Bound
in all the rowsControls
Dim row As DataRow
Chapter For Each row
9 - ADO.NET In custTable.Rows
Exception Handling
row("address")
Chapter 10 - Working with the= ODBC
"New .NET
address"
Data Provider
Next row
Chapter'12Removing event and
- Oracle, SQLXML, handlers
RemoveHandler custTable.ColumnChanged,
AddressOf Column_Changed
RemoveHandler custTable.ColumnChanging, AddressOf Column_Changing
End Sub
' Column changed event handler
Private Shared Sub Column_Changed(ByVal sender As Object, _
Chapter
ByVal18 -eObject-Relational Mapping in .NET
As DataColumnChangeEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("Column_Changed Event: " + " ," & _
Chapter 21 - Messaging + " ," + e.Column.ColumnName + " ," & _
e.Row("name")
e.Row("name", ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
DataRowVersion.Original))
End BSub
Appendix - Commonly Used SQL Statements
' Column
Appendix Changing
C - ADO.NET event
Frequently handler
Asked Questions
Private Shared Sub Column_Changing(ByVal sender As Object, _
Index
ByVal
List of e As DataColumnChangeEventArgs)
Figures
MessageBox.Show("Column_Changing Event: " + " ," & _
List of Tables
e.Row("name") + " ," + e.Column.ColumnName + " ," & _
List of Listings
e.Row("name", DataRowVersion.Original))
List of Sidebars
End Sub
Listing 5-10 creates a DataTable, adds three columnsid, name, and addressadds data to the table,
and changes the column of the table. It also calls the RowChanging and RowChanged event handlers.
Listing 5-10: Writing the RowChanging and RowChanged Event Handlers
' Row Changed and Row Changing Events Caller

Private Sub UpdateRow_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles UpdateRow.Click
Dim custTableAppliedAs ADO.NET: Building
DataTable Data-Driven
= New Solutions
DataTable("Customers")
' add columnsby Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
custTable.Columns.Add("id", Type.GetType("System.Int32"))
This text provides extensive coverage
custTable.Columns.Add("name", of ADO.NET technology
Type.GetType("System.String"))
custTable.Columns.Add("address", classes, and
Type.GetType("System.String"))
AddHandler custTable.RowChanged, New DataRowChangeEventHandler _
ADO.NET.
(AddressOf Row_Changed)
AddHandler custTable.RowChanged, New DataRowChangeEventHandler _
Table of(AddressOf
Contents Row_Changing)
add Two rows Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
custTable.Rows.Add(New Object() {1, "name1", "address1"})
1 - ADO.NET Basics Object() {2, "name2", "address2"})
' Save changes
Chapter'4 change
- ADO.NETAddress column
in Connected in all the rows
Environments
Dim row As DataRow
For Each row In custTable.Rows
row("name") = "New name"
Next row
' Removing event handlers
RemoveHandler custTable.RowChanged, AddressOf Row_Changed
RemoveHandler custTable.RowChanging, AddressOf Row_Changing
Chapter
End11Sub- Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter
' Row -Changed
12 Oracle, SQLXML,
eventand Other .NET Data Providers
handler
Private Shared aSub Custom Data Provider
Row_Changed(ByVal sender As Object, _
Chapter
ByVal14 -eDeveloping Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
As DataRowChangeEventArgs)
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Row_Changed
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web ServicesEvent:" & _
Chaptere.Row("name",
DataRowVersion.Original).ToString() & _
Chaptere.Action.ToString())
End18Sub
Chapter - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
' Row
Chapter 19 -Changing event
Mapped Objects: handlerConsiderations and Data Binding
Performance
Private Shared Sub Row_Changing(ByVal
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET sender As Object, _
ByVal e As DataRowChangeEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("Row_Changing Event:" & _
e.Row("name", DataRowVersion.Original).ToString() & _
e.Action.ToString())
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Listing 5-11 creates a DataTable, adds three columnsid, name, and addressadds data to the table,
List
andofchanges
Listings a column of the table. It also calls the RowDeleting and RowDeleted event handlers.
List of Sidebars
Listing 5-11: Writing the RowDeleting and RowDeleted Event Handlers
' Row Deleted and Row Deleting Events Caller

Private Sub DeleteRow_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DeleteRow.Click
' add columns
custTable.Columns.Add("id", Type.GetType("System.Int32"))
custTable.Columns.Add("name", Type.GetType("System.String"))
custTable.Columns.Add("address", Type.GetType("System.String"))
AddHandler custTable.RowDeleted, New DataRowChangeEventHandler _
(AddressOfApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Row_Deleted)
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot New DataRowChangeEventHandler
AddHandler custTable.RowDeleting, ISBN:1590590732
_
Apress
(AddressOf Row_Deleting)2003 (928 pages)
' add TwoThis text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
rows
including
custTable.Rows.Add(New ADO.NET internals,
Object() namespaces, classes, and
{1, "name1", "address1"})
custTable.Rows.Add(New
namespaces and classes,Object()
and how{2, "name2",
to integrate both "address2"})
with
' Save changes
ADO.NET.
' change Address column in all the rows
Table ofDim
Contents
row As DataRow
Go through all Data-Driven
rows Solutions
Introduction
For Each row In custTable.Rows
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
' Delete the Basics
row
row.Delete()
Next
Chapter 3 -rowADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
' Removing
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET event handlers
RemoveHandler
Chapter custTable.RowDeleted,
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events AddressOf Row_Deleted
RemoveHandler
Chapter 6 - Integrating XMLcustTable.RowDeleting,
with ADO.NET AddressOf Row_Deleting
End Sub
' Row Deleted event handler
Private Shared Sub Row_Deleted(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As DataRowChangeEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("Row_Deleted Event:" & _
e.Row("name", DataRowVersion.Original).ToString() & _
End Sub
Chapter
'Row14Deleting
event Web Applications using ASP.NET
handler
Private Shared Sub Row_Deleting(ByValWeb Services sender As Object, _
ByVal e As DataRowChangeEventArgs) and Data Binding
MessageBox.Show("Row_Deleting Event:" & _
e.Row("name", Mapping in .NET
DataRowVersion.Original).ToString() & _
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with XmlDataDocument
Applied Events
You must be wondering
Apress where XmlDataDocument
2003 (928 pages) comes from. Actually, this class works with Extensible
Markup LanguageThis text provides extensive coverage ofthe
(XML) documents and is defined in System.Xml
ADO.NET namespace. So before testing this
technology
example, you must import the System.Xml namespace. (We discuss
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and the XmlDataDocument object in
Chapter 6.) interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Note You might want to skip this section if you're not familiar with the XmlDataDocument object.
Chapter 6 covers XmlDataDocument.
Table of Contents
TheXmlDataDocument events are useful when your application needs to be notified when changes are
being made Data-Driven Solutions
to an XmlDataDocument object. XmlDocument defines the XmlDataDocument events (see
Introduction
Table 5-6).
Chapter 2 - XmlDataDocument
Table 5-6: Data Components in Visual
EventsStudio .NET
EVENT
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in DESCRIPTION
NodeChanged OccursEvents
when the Value of a node has been changed
Chapter 7 - Data BindingOccurs
NodeChanging when the
and Windows Value
Forms of a node
Data-Bound is changing
Controls
Chapter 8 - Constraints Occurs
NodeInserted and Data Relations
when a node inserted into another node
NodeInserting Occurs
Chapter 10 - Working with when
the ODBC a node
.NET Data is inserting to another node
Provider
NodeRemoved Occursand Views
when a node has been removed
NodeRemoving Occurs when a node is being removed
TheXmlNodeChangedEventHandler method handles these (NodeChanged,NodeChanging,
NodeInserted, Server Controls and
NodeInserting, Data Binding and NodeRemoving) events. The
NodeRemoved,
XmlNodeChangedEventHandler is defined as follows:
Chapter
Public 19 Delegate
- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Sub XmlNodeChangedEventHandler(_
Chapter 20 - COM
ByVal Interoperability
sender As Object, and ADO.NET
_
ByVal e As XmlNodeChangedEventArgs _
Chapter
) 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
In this example,
Appendix sender
C - ADO.NET is the source
Frequently of the event and e is an XmlNodeChangedEventArgs containing the
Asked Questions
event data. The XmlNodeChangedEventArgs defines properties (see Table 5-7).
Index
List of Figures
Table 5-7: The XmlNodeChangedEventArgs Properties
List of Tables
ListPROPERTY
of Listings DESCRIPTION
List of Sidebars
Action Returns a value indicating the type of node-changed event
NewParent Returns the value of parent node after the operation is finished
Node Returns the node that is being added, removed, or changed
OldParent Returns the value of the parent node before operation started
Listing 5-12 handles the XmlDataDocument events. The XmlDocumentBtn_Click method creates event
handlers for NodeChanged,NodeInserted, and NodeRemoved events. MyNodeChangedEvent,
MyNodeInsertedEvent, and MyNodeRemoved event handlers are executed when these events are fired.
You use LoadXml to load an XML fragment and then use the ReplaceChild and RemoveChild methods
to replace and remove document nodes.
Listing 5-12: TheApplied
XmlDataDocument Event Data-Driven
ADO.NET: Building Handling Example
Solutions
Private Sub XmlDataDocumentBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As This text provides extensiveHandles
System.EventArgs) coverage of ADO.NET technology
XmlDataDocumentBtn.Click
Dim xmlDoc including ADO.NET internals,
As XmlDocument namespaces,
= New classes, and
XmlDocument()
xmlDoc.LoadXml("<Record> Some Value </Record>")
' Add event handlers
ADO.NET.
AddHandler xmlDoc.NodeChanged, AddressOf NodeChangedEvent_Handler
AddHandler xmlDoc.NodeInserted, AddressOf NodeInsertedEvent_Handler
Table of Contents
AddHandler xmlDoc.NodeRemoved, AddressOf NodeRemovedEvent_Handler
AppliedDim
root As XmlElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
Introduction
Dim str As String = root.ToString()
ChapterDim
1 -xmlDocFragment
ADO.NET Basics As XmlDocumentFragment = xmlDoc.CreateDocumentFragment()
xmlDocFragment.InnerXml
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio= _ .NET
"<Fragment><SomeData>Fragment
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments Data</SomeData></Fragment>"
' Replace Node
ChapterDim
5 -rootNode As XmlElement
Handling ADO.NET Events = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
rootNode.ReplaceChild(xmlDocFragment,
rootNode.LastChild)
' Remove Node
Dim node As XmlNode = xmlDoc.LastChild
xmlDoc.RemoveChild(node)
' Remove event handlers
RemoveHandler xmlDoc.NodeChanged, AddressOf NodeChangedEvent_Handler
xmlDoc.NodeInserted, AddressOf NodeInsertedEvent_Handler
xmlDoc.NodeRemoved, AddressOf NodeRemovedEvent_Handler
Chapter
End13Sub- Developing a Custom Data Provider
Listing 17
Chapter 5-13 shows the
- Building NodeChangedEvent
Real-World handler. The Node property of XmlNodeChangedEventArgs
Web Applications
returns18
Chapter an-XmlNode object. Using
Object-Relational theinNode
Mapping .NET property you can get more information about a node such as its
parent 19
Chapter node, value, Objects:
- Mapped name, namespace,
Performanceand so on. (Seeand
Considerations theData
"Using the XmlNode Class" section of Chapter 6
Binding
to learn more about XmlNode.)
Listing 5-13: The NodeChanged Event Handler
' NodeChanged event handler
Public Sub NodeChangedEvent_Handler(ByVal src As Object, _
ByVal args As XmlNodeChangedEventArgs)
Index
MessageBox.Show("Node Changed Event Fired for node " + args.Node.Name)
List of Figures
If args.Node.Value <> Nothing Then
List of Tables
MessageBox.Show(args.Node.Value)
List of
EndListings
If
List
End of Sidebars
Sub
Similar to Listing 5-13,Listing 5-14 and Listing 5-15 show event handlers for the NodeInserted and
NodeRemoved events.
Listing 5-14: The NodeInserted Event Handler
' NodeInserted event handler

Public Sub NodeInsertedEvent_Handler(ByVal src As Object, _
MessageBox.Show("Node Inserted Event Fired for node " + args.Node.Name)
Applied ADO.NET:
If args.Node.Value Building Data-Driven
<> Nothing Then Solutions
by Mahesh Chand and
MessageBox.Show(args.Node.Value)David Talbot ISBN:1590590732

End Sub This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.
Listing 5-15: The NodeRemoved Event Handler
Table of Contents
' Node Removed event handler
Public Sub NodeRemovedEvent_Handler(ByVal src As Object, _
Introduction
MessageBox.Show("Node Removed Event Fired for node " + args.Node.Name)
If args.Node.Value <> Nothing Then
Chapter 3 MessageBox.Show(args.Node.Value)
ChapterEnd
4 -If ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter
End SubHandling ADO.NET Events
5 -
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with DataView
Applied and DataViewManager
ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions Events
TheDataView and DataViewManager
Apress 2003 (928 pages) objects both define a ListChanged event. The ListChanged event
occurs when a row is added to or deleted
This text provides extensivefrom a DataView
coverage or DataViewManager
of ADO.NET technology object. The
ListChangedEventHandler method handles the ListChanged
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and event and is defined as follows:
Public Delegate Sub ListChangedEventHandler(_
ADO.NET.
ByVal e As ListChangedEventArgs _
Table
) of Contents
Introduction
In this example,
Chapter sender
1 - ADO.NET is the source of the event and e is the ListChangedEventArgs containing the event
Basics
data. 2
Chapter - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
TheListChangedEventArgs Environments
has the members defined in Table 5-8.
Chapter 5 - The
Table 5-8: Handling ADO.NET Events
ListChangedEventArgs Members
MEMBER
Chapter DESCRIPTION
ListChangedType Returns the way that list changed
NewIndex
Chapter Returns
10 - Working with the ODBC the new
.NET index
Data of the item in the list
Provider
OldIndex and Views
Returns the old index of the item in the list
Chapter
Listing 13 - Developing
5-16 shows the aOnListChanged_Handler.
Listing15
Chapter 5-16: DataView
- Using ADO.NET OnListChanged Event Handler
in Xml Web Services
Chapter
Public 17 Sub
OnListChanged_Handler(ByVal src As Object, _
ByVal Mapping in .NET
args As System.ComponentModel.ListChangedEventArgs)
MessageBox.Show("ListChanged: Type = "and
+ Data Binding
args.ListChangedType & _
Chapter
",20OldIndex
- COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
= " + args.OldIndex & _
",21NewIndex
Chapter - Messaging= " + args.NewIndex)
End Sub
To test this application, you can create a Windows application and add the code in Listing 5-17 to the form load
Index
event or a button click event handler. As you can see from Listing 5-17, the code creates a DataView object,
List of Figures
adds a new row to the DataView, and then removes the first row from the DataView. The adding and
List of Tables
removing of rows is responsible for firing the OnListChanged event handler.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 5-17: The DataView Event Handler Caller

Dim conn As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection()
conn.ConnectionString = ConnectionString
conn.Open()
Dim sql As String = "SELECT EmployeeId, LastName, FirstName FROM Employees"
' Create a data adapter
Dim da As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
' Create and Fill DataSet
Applied
da.Fill(ds, ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
"Employees")
by Mahesh
Dim dv As DataView Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
= ds.Tables("Employees").DefaultView
Apress 2003 (928
' Add DataView Event Handlers pages)
AddHandlerThis text provides extensive
dv.ListChanged, New coverage of ADO.NET technology
System.ComponentModel.ListChangedEventHandler _
(AddressOf OnListChanged_Handler) namespaces, classes, and
' Add a row to the DataView
ADO.NET.
dv.AllowEdit = True
Dim rw As DataRowView = dv.AddNew()
Table rw.BeginEdit()
of Contents
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
rw("FirstName") = "FName" Solutions
Introduction
rw("LastName") = "LName"
rw.EndEdit()
Chapter 2 - Data a
' Remove Components
row fromin the
VisualDataView
Studio .NET
If3 dv.Count
Chapter - ADO.NET > in 0 Then
Chapter dv.Delete(0)
Chapter dv(0).Row.AcceptChanges()
End
Chapter 6 If
' Close
Chapter 7 - Data the connection
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
' Remove DataView Event Handlers
RemoveHandler dv.ListChanged, AddressOf OnListChanged_Handler
Caution As you canDatabase Web
see from Applications
Listing using
5-17, the ASP.NET
AcceptChanges() method removes a row permanently
from the database. If you don't want to remove the row, call RejectChanges instead.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In this chapter, you learned
Apress about
2003 ADO.NET object events and how to handle them. Events are useful to
(928 pages)
notify an action taken by an object. The Connection
This text provides extensive coverage ofobject has technology
ADO.NET two InfoMessage and StateChange
events. The DataAdapter provides FillError, UpdateChanging,
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and and UpdateChanged events.
TheDataSet hasinterfaces,
only one and takes a comprehensive
eventMergeFailed. Thelook at XML
DataTable provides events raises during
namespaces
column and row changes andandrowclasses, andXmlDataDocument
deletions. how to integrate both provides
with events relating to adding,
ADO.NET.
changing, and removing XML document nodes. The DataView and DataViewManager define the
ListChanged event, which occurs when a row is added to or deleted from a DataView or from a
DataViewManager.
Table of Contents
After finishing this chapter, you should have a good idea of the events model of ADO.NET components
Introduction
and how to handle events in your applications.
Chapter 2 - Datayou'll
In next chapter, Components
see howinXMLVisual Studio
is tied .NET
to ADO.NET and how you can take advantage of the ADO.NET
Chapter
model to3 read
- ADO.NET
to and in Disconnected
write data from Environments
XML documents.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
6: Integrating XML withISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET
The programming Apress
worldis2003 (928 pages)
moving more and more toward the Web, and Extensible Markup Language
(XML) is an essential part of Web-based coverage of This
programming. ADO.NET technology
chapter assumes you have an understanding
of basic XML syntaxes and documents.
This chapter introduces
ADO.NET.the classes provided by the .NET Framework Library to work with XML
documents. In this chapter, we discuss how to read from and write to XML documents using the .NET
Framework Library classes. Then we discuss how to navigate through XML documents. We also discuss
Table
XMLof Contents
transformations. Furthermore, this chapter covers the relationship between ADO.NET and XML and
shows ADO.NETBuilding
Applied how to mix them up and use rich
Data-Driven ADO.NET database components to display and manipulate XML
Solutions
data. Finally, we cover the XPathNavigator class, which navigates XML documents.
Introduction
Understanding
Chapter 2 Microsoft
- Data Components .NET
in Visual Studio and XML
.NET
Microsoft's
Chapter 4 - .NET Framework
ADO.NET utilizes
in Connected XML features both internally and externally to transfer data between
Environments
applications.
Chapter In the following
5 - Handling ADO.NETsections,
Events you'll learn about the XML namespaces and classes, which you'll
use in the
Chapter 6 -examples throughout
Integrating XML with this chapter.
ADO.NET
In the .NET Framework Library, the System.Xml and its four supporting namespaces define the
functionality to work withand
XMLData Relations
data and documents. These namespaces are System.Xml,
System.Xml.Schema,System.Xml.Serialization,System.Xml.XPath, and
System.Xml.Xsl. Thesethenamespaces
reside in the System.Xml.dll assembly.
Tip12
Chapter Covering
- Oracle,every classand
SQLXML, defined
Otherin.NET
System.Xml and its related namespaces is impossible in this
Data Providers
chapter.
Chapter 13 We cover
- Developing the commonly
a Custom used classes. If you want to learn more about XML in .NET, you
Data Provider
can
Chapter 14 find many useful
- Developing source
Database Web code samples,
Applications articles,
using ASP.NETand tutorials on C# Corner's XML.NET
section
Chapter 15 (www.c-sharpcorner.com/xmlnet.asp
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services ).
Using the System.Xml Namespace
TheSystem.Xml
Chapter 19 - Mappednamespace defines common
Objects: Performance and major
Considerations andXML
Data functionality.
Binding It defines classes for XML
1.0, XML
Chapter 20 namespaces and schemas,
- COM Interoperability XPath, XSL Transformations (XSLT), Document Object Model
and ADO.NET
(DOM) Level 2 Core, and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) 1.1.
Chapter 22 - SQL
The following Server define
sections and ADO.NET:
some ofNotes on Performance
the System.Xml namespace classes.
The XmlNode
Appendix Class
TheXmlNode class, an abstract base class for XmlDocument and XmlDataDocument, represents a
Index
single
List node in a document. This class implements methods for adding, removing, and inserting nodes into
of Figures
a document.
List of Tables This class also implements properties to get data from a node such as name, child nodes,
siblings, parents, and so on.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Document Classes
TheSystem.Xml namespace also contains classes to deal with XML documents. The XmlDocument
andXmlDocumentFragment classes represent an entire XML document and a fragment of document,
respectively. The XmlDocumentFragment class is useful when you're dealing with a small fragment of a
document.
TheXmlDataDocument class allows you to work with relational data using the DataSet object. It
provides functionality to store, retrieve, and manipulate data. The XmlDocumentType class represents
the type of document.
TheXmlDocument and XmlDataDocument classes come from XmlNode. Besides the methods
contained in XmlNode, this class implements a series of CreateXXX methods to create a document's
contents such as comments, elements, text, and so on. You can even load an XML document by using its
Load and LoadXmlApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
methods.
Each content typeApress
of an XML
2003 document
(928 pages) has a corresponding class defined in this namespace. The
classes are XmlAttribute, XmlCDataSection,
This text provides XmlComment,
extensive coverage XmlDeclaration,XmlEntity,
including XmlProcessingInstruction,
XmlEntityReference, ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and and XmlWhitespace. All of these
XmlText,
interfaces, and
classes are self-explanatory. Fortakes a comprehensive
example, look at XMLand XmlComment classes represent an
the XmlAttribute
attribute and comment of a document. You'll see these classes throughout the examples in this chapter.
ADO.NET.
Reader and Writer Classes

Table of Contents
Six classes
Applied (XmlReader,Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding XmlWriter, XmlTextWriter,XmlTextReader,XmlValidatingReader,
Solutions
andXmlNodeReader) represent the reading and writing of XML documents.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
TheXmlReader and Basics
XmlWriter classes are abstract base classes that represent a reader that provides
fast, non-cached, in stream
forward-only Visual Studio
access.NET
to XML documents. XmlReader has three classes:
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
XmlTextReader, in Disconnected Environments
XmlValidatingReader, and XmlNodeReader. As their names imply,
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
XmlTextReader in Connected
reads text XML Environments
documents, XmlNodeReader reads XML DOM trees, and
XmlValidatingReader Eventsdata using Document Type Definitions (DTDs) or schemas. This
validates
reader 6also
Chapter expands general
- Integrating entities
XML with and supports default attributes. XmlWriter is an abstract base class
ADO.NET
that defines
Chapter functionality
7 - Data to write
Binding and XML.Forms
Windows It implements methods
Data-Bound and properties to write XML contents. The
Controls
XmlTextWriter
Chapter classand
8 - Constraints comes
Data from the XmlWriter class.
Relations
Other10Classes
Chapter - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
TheXmlConvert class provides conversion in XML. It defines methods for converting Common
Language Runtime (CLR), or .NET data types, and XML Schema Definition (XSD) types. It contains the
following classes:
XmlException
Chapter defines
15 - Using ADO.NET functionality
in Xml to represent detailed exceptions.
Web Services
XmlNamespaceManager resolves, adds, and removes namespaces and provides scope
management for these namespaces.
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects:
XmlLinkedNode Performance
returns Considerations
the node immediately and DataorBinding
preceding following this node.
XmlNodeList
Chapter represents a collection of nodes.
21 - Messaging
Using the System.Xml.Schema Namespace
TheSystem.Xml.Schema
Appendix namespace
C - ADO.NET Frequently contains classes to work with XML schemas. These classes
Asked Questions
support XML schemas for structures and XML schemas for data types.
Index
List of Figures
This namespace defines many classes to work with schemas. The discussion of these classes is beyond
List of Tables
the scope of this book. Some of these namespace classes are XmlSchema,XmlSchemaAll,
List of Listings
XmlSchemaXPath, and XmlSchemaType.
List of Sidebars
Using the System.Xml.Serialization Namespace

This namespace contains classes to serialize objects into XML format documents or streams.
Note Serialization is the process of reading and writing an object to or from a persistent storage
medium such as a hard drive.
You can use the main class, XmlSerializer, with TextWriter or XmlWriter to write the data to a
document. Again, this namespace also defines many classes. The discussion of these classes is beyond
the scope of this chapter.
Using the System.Xml.XPath
Applied ADO.NET: BuildingNamespace
This namespace is pretty small in comparison to the previous three namespaces. This namespace
contains only four classes: XPathDocument,XPathExression,XPathNavigator, and
XPathNodeIterator.
TheXPathDocument class provides fast XML document processing using the stylesheet language of
XML: XSLT. ThisADO.NET.
class is optimized for XSLT processing and the XPath data model. The
CreateNavigator method of this class creates an instance of XPathNavigator.
TheXPathNavigator
Table of Contents class treats an XML document as a tree and provides methods to traverse
through
Applied a document as tree.
ADO.NETBuilding Its MoveXXX
Data-Driven methods let you traverse through a document.
Solutions
Introduction
Two other classes of this namespace are XPathExpression and XPathIterator.
XPathExpression encapsulates an XPath expression, and XPathIterator provides an iterator over
the set of selected nodes.
Using the
Chapter 5 System.Xml.Xsl
- Handling ADO.NET Events Namespace
The last namespace, System.Xml.Xsl, defines functionality for XSLT transformations. It supports XSLT
1.0. The XsltTransform class defines functionality to transform data using an XSLT stylesheet.
Using the Document Object Model Interfaces
You can represent an XML document in a tree structure using DOM interfaces and objects.
Chapter 13 .NET
Microsoft - Developing
providesa aCustom Data Provider
nice wrapper around these interfaces: the DOM Application Programming
Interface
Chapter 14 (API). This wrapper
- Developing Database hasWeb
a class for almost
Applications every
using interface. These classes hide all the complexity
ASP.NET
of interface
Chapter programming
15 - Using ADO.NETand provide
in Xml a high-level programming model for developers. For example, the
Web Services
.NET class
Chapter 16 - XmlDocument provides and
ASP.NET Server Controls a wrapper for the Document interface.
Data Binding
Besides the DOM, the Microsoft .NET XML API also provides corresponding classes for the XPath, XSD,
and XSLT industry standards. These classes are well coupled with the .NET database models (ADO.NET)
to interact with databases.
Looking at the XML .NET Architecture
The XML .NET API is a nice wrapper around the XML DOM interfaces and provides a higher-level of
programming over XML documents. The heart of the XML .NET architecture consists of three classes:
XmlDocument, Frequently
XmlReader, andAsked Questions The XmlReader and XmlWriter classes are abstract
XmlWriter.
Index
base classes that provide fast, non-cached, forward-only cursors to read and write XML data.
List of Figures
XmlTextReader, XmlValidatingReader, and XmlNodeReader are concrete implementations of the
List of Tables class. The XmlWriter and XmlNodeWriter classes come from the XmlWriter class.
XmlReader
List of Listings
XmlDocument represents an XML document in a tree structure with the help of the XmlNode,
of Sidebars and XmlAttribute classes.
XmlElement,
List
Figure 6-1 shows a relationship between these classes and the XML .NET architecture.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure 6-1: XML .NET architecture
Introduction
TheSystem.Xml.Xsl
Chapter interface
2 - Data Components provides
in Visual classes
Studio .NET that implement XSLT. The XmlTransform class
implements XSLT. This class reads and writes
XML data with the help of the XmlReader and
XmlWriter classes.
TheXPathDocument and theEvents
XPathNavigator classes provide read/write and navigation access to the
XML documents. XML with ADO.NET
Associated
Chapter 8 - with these classes
Constraints are
and Data some more powerful classes for working with XML. We discuss these
Relations
classes in "Navigating in XML" and
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handlingother sections of this chapter.
Adding a System.Xml Namespace Reference
Before 13
Chapter using the System.Xml
- Developing a Customclasses in your application, you may need to add a reference to the
Data Provider
System.Xml.dll
Chapter assembly
14 - Developing and
Database include
Web the System.Xml
Applications namespace in your application. You can add
using ASP.NET
a reference to the System.Xml.dll assembly by selecting Project Add Reference, choosing the .NET
tab, and selecting System.Xml.dll from the component name listing. After adding the reference, you need
to import the namespace by adding the following line:
Imports
Chapter 19 -System.Xml
The abstract base classes XmlReader and XmlWriter support reading and writing XML documents in
Chapter 22 Framework.
the .NET - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Reading XML
As mentioned previously, (928 pages) is an abstract base class for XML reader classes. This class
XmlReader
Apress 2003
provides fast, non-cached, forward-only
This text provides extensivecursors to read
coverage XML documents.
TheXmlTextReader, XmlNodeReader,
interfaces, and XmlValidatingReader
and takes a comprehensive look at XML classes are defined from the
XmlReader class. Figure 6-2and
namespaces shows
classes, and
and how to
XmlReader its derived
integrate bothclasses.
with
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 2 - 6-2:
Data XmlReader and
Components in its derived
Visual Studio classes
.NET
Chapter
You use4 the
XmlTextReader, Environments
XmlNodeReader, and XmlValidatingReader classes to read XML
documents. These classes define overloaded constructors to read XML files, strings, streams,
TextReader XML with ADO.NETand combinations of these. After creating an instance, you simply
objects, XmlNameTable,
call the7Read
Chapter method
- Data of and
Binding the class to read
Windows theData-Bound
Forms document.Controls
The Read method starts reading the document
from the
Chapter 8 root node and and
- Constraints continues until Read returns False, which indicates there's no node left to read in
Data Relations
the document.
Chapter ListingException
9 - ADO.NET 6-1 readsHandling
an XML file and displays some information about the file. In this example,
we use10
Chapter thebooks.xml
Working with file. You can
the ODBC use
.NET anyProvider
Data XML by replacing the string name.
Listing 6-1: Reading an XML File
Dim reader
Chapter As XmlTextReader
14 - Developing = New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Console.WriteLine("General
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml WebInformation")
Services
Console.WriteLine("===================")
Console.WriteLine(reader.Name)
Console.WriteLine(reader.BaseURI)
Console.WriteLine(reader.LocalName)
Getting Node Information
TheName property returns the name of the node with the namespace prefix, and the LocalName property
returns the name of the node without the prefix.
Index
List
The ofItem
Figures
property works as an indexer and returns the value of the attribute at the specified index. The
List of Tables
Value property returns the value of current node. You can even get the level of the node by using the
List property, as shown in Listing 6-2.
of Listings
Depth
List of Sidebars
Listing 6-2: Getting XML Node Information
Dim reader As XmlTextReader = New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")

While reader.Read()
If reader.HasValue Then
Console.WriteLine("Name: "+reader.Name)
Console.WriteLine("Node Depth: " +reader.Depth.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Value: "+reader.Value)
End If
End While
TheNodeType property returns
by Mahesh Chand theand
type of the
David current node inISBN:1590590732
Talbot the form of an XmlNodeType
enumeration: Apress 2003 (928 pages)
XmlNodeType type = reader.NodeType;
ADO.NET.
which defines the type of a node. The XmlNodeType enumeration members are Attribute,CDATA,
Comment,Document,Element,WhiteSpace, and so on. These represent XML document node types.
Table of Contents
In Listing
Applied 6-3, you read a document's
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven nodes one by one and count them. Once the reading and counting
Solutions
are done, you see how many comments, processing instructions, CDATAs, elements, whitespaces, and so
Introduction
on that a document
Chapter 1
has and display them on the console. The XmlReader.NodeType property returns
- ADO.NET Basics
the type of node in the form of an XmlNodeType enumeration. The XmlNodeType enumeration contains
a member corresponding to each node type. You can compare the return value with the XmlNodeType
members to find out the node's type.
Chapter
Listing56-3:
- Handling
GettingADO.NET Events
Node Information
Sub Main()
Dim DecCounter As Integer = 0
Dim PICounter As Integer = 0
ChapterDim10 -DocCounter
Working with the
AsODBC .NET Data
Integer = 0Provider
ChapterDim11 -CommentCounter
As Integer = 0
ChapterDim12 -ElementCounter
Oracle, SQLXML, and As
Other .NET Data=Providers
Integer 0
ChapterDim13 -AttributeCounter
Developing a Custom Data
As Provider
Integer = 0
ChapterDim14 -TextCounter
Developing Database Web Applications
As Integer = 0 using ASP.NET
ChapterDim15 -WhitespaceCounter
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web AsServices
Integer = 0
ChapterDim16 -reader As XmlTextReader
ASP.NET Server Controls and Data=Binding
New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
ChapterWhile reader.Read()
Chapter 18 Dim nodetype AsMapping
- Object-Relational XmlNodeType
in .NET = reader.NodeType
Select Case nodetype
Chapter 20 -Case XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration
DecCounter
= DecCounter + 1
Exit Select
Case XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction
PICounter = PICounter + 1
Exit Select
Case XmlNodeType.DocumentType
Index DocCounter = DocCounter + 1
List of Figures Exit Select
List of TablesCase XmlNodeType.Comment
List of Listings CommentCounter = CommentCounter + 1
List of Sidebars Exit Select
Case XmlNodeType.Element
ElementCounter = ElementCounter + 1
If reader.HasAttributes Then
AttributeCounter += reader.AttributeCount
End If
Exit Select
Case XmlNodeType.Text
TextCounter = TextCounter + 1
Exit Select
Case XmlNodeType.Whitespace
WhitespaceCounter = WhitespaceCounter + 1
Exit Select
End Select
End Whileby Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
' Print the info 2003 (928 pages)
Console.WriteLine("White coverage+of WhitespaceCounter.ToString())
Spaces:" ADO.NET technology
Console.WriteLine("Process Instructions:" namespaces, classes,
+ and
PICounter.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Declaration:"
namespaces and classes, and how to+ integrate
DecCounter.ToString())
both with
Console.WriteLine("White
ADO.NET. Spaces:" + DocCounter.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Comments:" + CommentCounter.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Attributes:" + AttributeCounter.ToString())
TableEnd
of Contents
Sub
Introduction
TheCase
Chapter 2 statement can haveinthe
- Data Components values
Visual XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration,
Studio .NET
XmlNodeType.ProcessingInstruction,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments XmlNodeType.DocumentType,
XmlNodeType.Comment, XmlNodeType.Element,
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments XmlNodeType.Text,
XmlNodeType.Whitespace , and
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events so on.
TheXmlNodeType enumeration specifies the type of node. Table 6-1 describes its members.
Chapter 8 - The
Table 6-1: Constraints and DataEnumeration's
XmlNodeType Relations Members
MEMBER
Chapter 10 - NAME
Working with the ODBC DESCRIPTION
.NET Data Provider
Attribute Attribute node
CDATA
Chapter CDATA
13 - Developing a Custom Data section
Provider
Comment Comment node
Document
Chapter Document
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data object
Binding
DocumentFragment Applications
Document fragment
DocumentType
Chapter The DTD,
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance indicated byand
Considerations theData
<!DOCTYPE>
Binding tag
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and
Element ADO.NET
Element node
EndElement EndNotes
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: of element
on Performance
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some
EndEntity Basic
End of Concepts
an entity
Entity Entity declaration
Index
EntityReference Reference to an entity
List of Figures
None Returned if XmlReader is not called yet
List of Tables
ListNotation
of Listings A notation in the document type
List of Sidebars
ProcessingInstruction Represents a processing instruction (PI) node
SignificantWhitespace Represents whitespace between markup in a mixed content
model
Text Represents the text content of an element
Whitespace Represents whitespace between markup
XmlDeclaration Represents an XML declaration node
Moving to a Content Node

You can use the MoveToMethod to move from the current node to the next content node of an XML
document. A content's node is an item of the following type: Text,CDATA,Element,
EntityReference, or Entity. So, if you call the MoveToContent method, it skips other types of
nodes besides the content type nodes. For example, if the next node of the current node is PI,
DxlDeclaration, orincluding
DocumentType, it'll skip these nodes until it finds a content type node. Listing 6-4 reads
books.xml and interfaces,
moves through
and takesnodes
its using the MoveToContent
a comprehensive look at XML method.
Listing 6-4: Using the MoveToContent Method
ADO.NET.
Dim ofreader
Table As XmlTextReader = New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
Contents
AppliedWhile reader.Read()
Introduction
reader.MoveToContent()
End While
Using the
- DataGetAttributes
Chapter 7 Binding and Windows of a Data-Bound
Forms Node Controls
TheGetAttribute method is an overloaded method. You can use this method to return attributes with
the specified name, index, local name, or namespace Uniform Resource Indicator (URI). You use the
HasAttributes property to check if a node has attributes, and AttributeCount returns the number
of attributes on the node. The local name is the name of the current node without prefixes. For example, if
Chapter
<bk:book>12 - Oracle, SQLXML,
represents and Other
a name .NET where
of a node, Data Providers
bk is a namespace and : refers to the namespace, the
Chapter 13 - for
local name Developing a Custom element
the <bk:book> Data Provider
is book.MoveToFirstAttribute moves to the first attribute.
Chapter 14 - Developing method
TheMoveToElement Databasemoves
Web Applications usingthat
to the element ASP.NET
contains the current attribute node (see Listing
Chapter
6-5). 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Listing17
- Building GetAttribute
Real-World of a Node
Web Applications
Chapter
Imports19 -System.Xml
Chapter
Module 20 Module1
Sub21Main()
Chapter - Messaging
ChapterDim
22 -reader Asand
SQL Server XmlTextReader = Performance
ADO.NET: Notes on _
New
Appendix A -XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
reader.MoveToContent()
reader.MoveToFirstAttribute()
Index
Console.WriteLine("First Attribute Value" + reader.Value)
Console.WriteLine("First Attribute Name" + reader.Name)
List of Figures
While reader.Read()
List of Tables
If reader.HasAttributes Then
List of Listings
Console.WriteLine(reader.Name + " Attribute")
List of Sidebars
Dim i As Integer
Dim counter As Integer = reader.AttributeCount - 1
For i = 0 To counter
reader.MoveToAttribute(i)
Console.WriteLine("Name: " + reader.Name)
Next i
reader.MoveToElement()
End If
End While
End Sub
End Module
You can move toby attributes
Mahesh by using
Chand and David Talbot
MoveToAttribute, ISBN:1590590732
MoveToFirstAttribute, and
Apress 2003
MoveToNextAttribute. MoveToFirstAttribute
(928 pages) and MoveToNextAttribute move to the first
and next attributes, respectively.
This After
text provides callingcoverage
extensive MoveToAttribute, the Name,Namespace, and Prefix
including
properties will reflect ADO.NET internals,
the properties namespaces,
of the specified classes, and
attribute.
Searching for a Node
ADO.NET.
TheSkip method skips the current node. It's useful when you're looking for a particular node and want to
Table
skip of Contents
other nodes. In Listing 6-6, you read the books.xml document and compare its XmlReader.name
(throughXmlTextReader) Data-Driven
to look forSolutions
a node with the name bookstore and display the name, level, and
Introduction
value of that node using XmlReader'sName,Depth, and Value properties.
Listing26-6:
Chapter Using
- Data the Skip in
Components Method
Visual Studio .NET
New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
ChapterWhile
reader.Read()
Chapter 6 ' -Look
Integrating
for XML with ADO.NET
a node with name bookstore
Chapter 7 If- Data
reader.Name <> "bookstore"
Binding and Windows Then Controls
Forms Data-Bound
Chapter 8 -reader.Skip()
Constraints and Data Relations
Else
Chapter 10 -Console.WriteLine("Name: " + reader.Name)
Console.WriteLine("Level
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views of the node: " + reader.Depth.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Value: " + reader.Value)
End If
End While
reader.Close()
Closing the Document
Finally, you use Close to close the opened XML document.
Chapter
Tables226-2- and
SQL 6-3
Server and ADO.NET:
describe Notes onclass
the XmlReader Performance
properties and methods. We already discussed some
of them in the previous discussion.Some Basic Concepts
Table 6-2:
Appendix C - The
ADO.NET Class
Frequently
XmlReader Properties
Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
PUBLIC INSTANCE DESCRIPTION
PROPERTY by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
AttributeCount Returns the number of attributes on the current node
BaseURI including ADO.NET internals,
Returns namespaces,
the base URI of theclasses, and
current node
Depth namespaces andReturns
classes,the
andlevel
howof
to the
integrate
currentboth
nodewith
ADO.NET.
EOF Indicates whether its pointer is at the end of the stream
HasAttributes
Table of Contents Indicates if a node has attributes
HasValue Solutions
Indicates if a node has a value
Introduction
IsDefault
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics Indicates whether the current node is an attribute generated from
the default
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studiovalue
.NETdefined in the DTD or schema
IsEmptyTag Environments
Returns if the current node is empty or not
Item
Returns the value of the attribute
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with Name
LocalName ADO.NET
of the current node without the namespace prefix
Name Name of the current node with the namespace prefix
NamespaceURI Namespace Uniform Resource Name (URN) of the current
namespace
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Datascope
Provider
NameTable Returns the XmlNameTable associated with this implementation
13 - Developing a CustomReturns
NodeType
Chapter the type of node
Data Provider
Prefix Returns the namespace associated with a node
ReadState
Chapter Read
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls state
and Data Binding
Value Returns the text value of a node
XmlLang
Chapter Returns the
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance current xml:lang
Considerations and Datascope
Binding
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability Returns
XmlSpace and ADO.NET
the current xml:space scope
Appendix A - The
Table 6-3: Relational Databases:
XmlReader ClassSome Basic Concepts
Methods
PUBLIC
Appendix C - INSTANCE METHODAsked Questions DESCRIPTION
ADO.NET Frequently
Index
Close Closes the stream and changes ReadState to
List of Figures Closed
List of Tables
GetAttribute
List of Listings Returns the value of an attribute
ListIsStartElement
of Sidebars Checks if a node has start tag
LookupNamespace Resolves a namespace prefix in the current
element's scope
MoveToAttribute,MoveToContent, Moves to specified attribute, content, and element
MoveToElement
MoveToFirstAttribute, Moves to the first and next attributes
MoveToNextAttribute
Read Reads a node
ReadAttributeValue Parses theSolutions
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven attribute value into one or more Text
and/or
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732 node types
EntityReference
Apress ReadBoolean,
ReadXXX (ReadChar, 2003 (928 pages) Reads the contents of an element into the
ReadDate,ReadInt32,provides
This text and so on)extensive coverage of ADO.NET
specified technology
type including char, integer, double,
string, date, and so on
ReadInnerXmlnamespaces and classes, and howReads
to integrate
all theboth with as a string
content
ADO.NET.
Skip Skips the current element
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
Appliedthe XmlWriter
ADO.NET: Classes Solutions
Building Data-Driven
As you saw in theApress
"Understanding Microsoft .NET and XML" section, the XmlWriter class contains
2003 (928 pages)
methods and properties to write to XML documents,
This text provides extensive coverageand technology and XmlNodeWriter come
XmlTextWriter
of ADO.NET
from the XmlWriter class. Figure 6-3 shows XmlWriter and its
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and derived classes.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 6-3: TheXmlWriter class and its derived classes
Besides3 providing
Chapter - ADO.NETa constructor and three
in Disconnected properties (WriteState,XmlLang, and XmlSpace), the
Environments
XmlWriter
Chapter classes in
4 - ADO.NET have many WriteXXX
Connected methods to write to XML documents. The following sections
Environments
discuss5some
Chapter of these
- Handling class methods
ADO.NET Events and properties and use them in examples of the XmlTextWriter
andXmlNodeWriter
Chapter 6 - Integrating classes.
XML withXmlTextWriter
ADO.NET creates a write object and writes to the documents. The
XmlTextWriter
Chapter constructor
7 - Data Binding can take
and Windows threeData-Bound
Forms types of inputs: a string, stream, or TextWriter.
Controls
Setting- ADO.NET
Chapter 9 XmlWriter Properties
Exception Handling
TheXmlWriter
Chapter 11 - Storedclass contains
Procedures three
and properties: WriteState,XmlLang, and XmlSpace. The
Views
WriteState
Chapter property
12 - Oracle, gets the
SQLXML, and current state
Other .NET of the
Data XmlWriter class. The values could be Attribute,
Providers
Start,Element,Content,Closed, or Prolog. The return value WriteState.Start means the
Write method has not been called yet. In other cases, it represents what's being written. For example, the
return value WriteState.Attribute means the Attribute value has been written.
WriteState.Close represents that the stream has been closed by calling Close method.
Writing XML Items
As discussed earlier, an XML document can have many types of items including elements, comments,
attributes, and whitespaces. Although it's not possible to describe all the WriteXXX methods here, we
cover the most important ones.
TheWriteStartDocument
Appendix andSome
A - Relational Databases: Basic Concepts
WriteEndDocument methods open and close a document for writing,
respectively.
Appendix You mustUsed
B - Commonly openSQL
a document before you start writing to it. The WriteComment method writes
Statements
comments
Appendix C - to a document.
ADO.NET It takes
Frequently onlyQuestions
Asked one string type: argument. The WriteString method writes a
string to a document. With the help of WriteString, you can use the WriteStartElement and
Index
WriteEndElement
List of Figures method pair to write an element to a document. The WriteStartAttribute and
WriteEndAttribute
List of Tables pair writes an attribute. WriteNode is another write method, which writes
XmlReader to a document as a node of the document.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The following example summarizes these methods and creates a new XML document with some items in it
such as elements, attributes, strings, comments, and so on. (See Listing 6-7 in the next section.)
Listing 6-7: XmlWriter Example
Imports System.Xml
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' Create a new file c:\xmlWriterTest.xml
Dim writer As XmlTextWriter = _
New XmlTextWriter("C:\\xmlWriterTest.xml", Nothing)
' Opens the document
writer.WriteStartDocument()
' Write comments
writer.WriteComment("This Talbot uses XmlTextWriter.")
program ISBN:1590590732
writer.WriteComment("Developed By: Mahesh Chand.")
writer.WriteComment("================================")
includingelement
' Write first ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
writer.WriteStartElement("root")
writer.WriteStartElement("r",
ADO.NET. "RECORD", "urn:record")
' Write next element
writer.WriteStartElement("FirstName", "")
Table ofwriter.WriteString("Mahesh")
Contents
Appliedwriter.WriteEndElement()
Introduction
' Write one more element
Chapterwriter.WriteStartElement("LastName",
1 - ADO.NET Basics "")
Chapterwriter.WriteString("Chand")
Chapterwriter.WriteEndElement()
Chapter'4 Create an inXmlTextReader
- ADO.NET to read books.xml
ChapterDim
5 -reader
Handling As XmlTextReader
ADO.NET Events = New XmlTextReader("c:\\books.xml")
Chapter 7 If- Data
reader.NodeType
Binding and Windows = XmlNodeType.Element
Forms Data-Bound Controls Then
' Add node.xml to xmlWriterTest.xml
usign WriteNode
writer.WriteNode(reader, True)
End If
End While
' Ends the document.
writer.WriteEndDocument()
Chapterwriter.Close()
Chapter
End14Sub- Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 15
End Module - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
In this example,
Chapter youObjects:
19 - Mapped create aPerformance
new XML file,
Considerations and Data Binding using XmlTextWriter:
c:\xmlWriterText.xml,
' Create a new file c:\xmlWriterTest.xml
ChapterDim
22 -writer Asand
SQL Server XmlTextWriter = Performance
ADO.NET: Notes on _
New
Appendix A -XmlTextWriter("C:\\xmlWriterTest.xml",
Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts Nothing)
After that, add comments and elements to the document using WriteXXX methods. After that you can
Index
read the books.xml file using XmlTextReader and add its elements to xmlWriterTest.xml using
List of Figures
XmlTextWriter:
List of Tables
List of Listings
' Create an XmlTextReader to read books.xml
List of Sidebars
Dim reader As XmlTextReader = New XmlTextReader("c:\\books.xml")
While reader.Read()
If reader.NodeType = XmlNodeType.Element Then
' Add node.xml to xmlWriterTest.xml usign WriteNode
writer.WriteNode(reader, True)
End If
End While
Seeing XmlWriter in Action

Listing 6-7 shows an example of using XmlWriter to create a new document and write its items. This
program creates a new XML document, xmlWriterTest, in the C:\ root directory.
by6-7,
Note In Listing Mahesh Chand
you write and David
output of theTalbot
program to a file. If you want to write your output directly on
ISBN:1590590732
Apresspass
the console, 2003 (928 pages)
Console.Out as the filename when you create an XmlTextWriter object.
For example:
This text provides extensivewriter
XmlTextWriter coverage=of new
ADO.NET technology
XmlTextWriter (Console.Out); .
interfaces,
When you open C: and takes a comprehensive
\xmlWriterTest.xml look atthe
in a browser, XML
output of the program looks like Listing 6-8.
ADO.NET.
Listing 6-8: Output of the XmlWriterSample.vb Class
Table
<?xmlof Contents
version="1.0" ?>
- 
Chapter-1  .NET
- 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter-5 <root>
- <r:RECORD xmlns:r="urn:record">
<FirstName>Mahesh</FirstName>
<LastName>Chand</LastName>
- <bookstore>
- <book genre="autobiography" publicationdate="1981" ISBN="1-861003-11-0">
<title>The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin</title>
Chapter-11 - Stored Procedures and Views
<author>
Chapter<first-name>Benjamin</first-name>
Chapter<last-name>Franklin</last-name>
Chapter</author>
Chapter<price>8.99</price>
Chapter</book>
Chapter-17 <book genre="novel"
- Building publicationdate="1967" ISBN="0-201-63361-2">
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational MappingMan</title>
<title>The Confidence in .NET
Chapter-19 <author>
Chapter<first-name>Herman</first-name>
Chapter<last-name>Melville</last-name>
21 - Messaging
</author>
<price>11.99</price>
</book>
- <book genre="philosophy" publicationdate="1991" ISBN="1-861001-56-6">
<title>The Gorgias</title>
Index
- <author>
List of Figures
<name>Plato</name>
List of Tables
</author>
List of Listings
<price>9.99</price>
List of Sidebars
</book>
</bookstore>
</r:RECORD>
</root>
Using the Close Method

You use the Close method when you're done with the XmlWriter object to close the stream.
Using the XmlConvert
Applied ADO.NET:Class
Some charactersApress
aren't valid
2003in XML
(928 documents. XML documents use XSD types, which are different from
pages)
CLR (.NET) dataThis
types.
text provides extensiveclass
The XmlConvert contains
coverage methods
of ADO.NET to convert from CLR types to XSD
technology
types and vice versa. The DecodeName method transfers an
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andXML name into an ADO.NET object such as
aDataTable. The interfaces,
EncodeName and takes a comprehensive
method is the reverselook
of at XML
DecodeName: It converts an ADO.NET object
namespaces
to a valid XSD name. It takes and
any classes, and how to
invalid character integrate
and replacesboth with an escape string. Another method,
it with
ADO.NET.
EncodeLocalName, converts unpermitted names to valid names.
Besides these three methods, the XmlConvert class has many methods to convert from a string object
Table of Contents
to Boolean, byte, integer, and so on. Listing 6-9 shows the conversion from a Boolean and DateTime
object to XML values.
Introduction
Chapter
Listing16-9:
- ADO.NET Basics
Using the XmlConvert Class
New XmlTextWriter("c:\\test.xml", Nothing)
writer.WriteStartElement("MyTestElements")
ChapterDim
6 -blIntegrating XML with
As Boolean = ADO.NET
True
Chapterwriter.WriteElementString("TestBoolean",
7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls_
ChapterXmlConvert.ToString(bl))
ChapterDim
9 -dtADO.NET Exception Handling
As DateTime = New DateTime(2000, 1, 1)
Chapterwriter.WriteElementString("TestDate",
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider _
ChapterXmlConvert.ToString(dt))
Chapterwriter.WriteEndElement()
writer.Flush()
Chapterwriter.Close()
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
Appliedthe DOMBuilding
ADO.NET: Implementation
Microsoft .NET supports
Apress the
2003W3C DOM Level 1 and DOM Level 2 Core specifications. The .NET
(928 pages)
Framework providesThis text provides extensivethrough
DOM implementation coverage many classes;technology
of ADO.NET XmlNode and XmlDocument are two of
them. Using these including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, anddocuments in the same manner as
two classes, you can easily traverse through XML
you do in a tree. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Using the XmlNode Class
Table of Contents
TheXmlNode class is an abstract base class; it represents a node of an XML document. Because an XML
document
Applied starts with a root
ADO.NETBuilding node, theSolutions
Data-Driven XmlNode class that corresponds to the root node represents the
entire XML document's nodes. An XmlNode object can represent a node at any level. This class defines
Introduction
enough1 methods
Chapter andBasics
- ADO.NET properties to represent a document node as a tree node and traverse though it. It also
provides
Chapter 2 methods to insert, replace,
- Data Components in Visualand remove
Studio .NETdocument nodes.
TheChildNodes property returns all the child nodes of the current node. You can treat an entire
document as a node and use ChildNodes to get all the nodes in a document. Also, you can use the
FirstChild,LastChild, and HasChildNodes triplet to traverse from a document's first node to the
Chapter 6 -The
last node. Integrating XML with
ParentNode, ADO.NET
PreviousSibling, and NextSibling properties return the parent and
previous/next sibling nodes of the current Data-Bound
node. Controlsproperties are Attributes, BaseURI,
Other common
InnerXml, InnerText, and DataNodeType,
Item, Relations Name, Value, and so on.
You can
Chapter 10use the CreateNavigator
- Working with the ODBC .NETmethod of this class to create an XPathNavigator object, which
Data Provider
provides
Chapter 11fast navigation
- Stored using and
Procedures XPath. The AppendChild,InsertAfter, and InsertBefore methods
Views
add nodes
Chapter 12 - to the document.
Oracle, TheOther
SQLXML, and RemoveAll, RemoveChild,
.NET Data Providers and ReplaceChild methods remove or
replace13
Chapter document nodes,
- Developing respectively.
a Custom You'll implement these methods and properties later in this chapter.
Data Provider
Using the XmlDocument Class
TheXmlDocument class represents an XML document. Because it's derived from the XmlNode class, it
supports all tree traversal, insert, remove, and replace functionality. In spite of XmlNode functionality, this
class contains many useful methods.
Chapter
The DOM20 -isCOM Interoperability
a cached and ADO.NET
tree representation of an XML document. The Load and LoadXml methods of this
Chapter 21 -XML
class load Messaging
data and documents, and the Save method saves a document.
TheLoad
Appendix A method canDatabases:
- Relational load a document fromConcepts
Some Basic a string, stream, TextReader, or XmlReader. The following
code loads
Appendix B - the document
Commonly Usedbooks.xml from a string:
SQL Statements
Dim xmlDoc As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Index
Dim filename As String = "C:\\books.xml"
List of Figures
xmlDoc.Load(filename)
List of Tables
xmlDoc.Save(Console.Out)
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The following example uses the Load method to load a document from an XmlReader:

Dim reader As XmlTextReader _
= New XmlTextReader("C:\\books.xml")
xmlDoc.Load(reader)
TheLoadXml method loads a document from the specified string. For example:
Applied ADO.NET:
xmlDoc.LoadXml("<Record> Building
write Data-Driven Solutions
something</Record>");
Saving a Document
TheSave methodnamespaces
saves a document to a and
and classes, specified
how tolocation.
integrateThe with method takes a parameter of
Save
both
ADO.NET.
XmlWriter,XmlTextWriter, or a string type:
Dim
Table of xmlDoc
Contents As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Dim filename
Applied As String
ADO.NETBuilding = "C:\\books.xml"
Introduction
New XmlTextWriter("C:\\domtest.xml", Nothing)
writer.Formatting = Formatting.Indented
xmlDoc.Save(writer)
You can
Chapter 6 also use a filename
- Integrating or Console.Out
XML with ADO.NET to save the output as a file or on the console:
xmlDoc.Save("C:\\domtest.xml")
Using the XmlDocumentFragment Class
Chapter 14you
Usually, - Developing
would useDatabase Web Applications using class
the XmlDocumentFragment ASP.NET
when you need to insert a small fragment of an
XML document
Chapter orADO.NET
15 - Using node intoinaXml
document. This class also comes from the XMLNode class and has the same
Web Services
tree node
Chapter 16 traverse,
- ASP.NETinsert,
Serverremove,
Controlsand
and replace capabilities.
Data Binding
You usually create this class instance by calling XmlDocument'sCreateDocumentFragment method.
TheInnerXml property represents the children of this node. Listing 6-10 shows an example of how to
create XmlDocumentFragment and load a small piece of XML data using its InnerXml property.
Chapter
Listing21 - Messaging
6-10: The XmlDocumentFragment Sample
Index 'Create a document fragment.
List of Figures
Dim docFrag As XmlDocumentFragment = xmlDoc.CreateDocumentFragment()
List of Tables
'Set the contents of the document fragment.
List of Listings
docFrag.InnerXml = "<Record> write something</Record>"
List of Sidebars
'Display the document fragment.
Console.WriteLine(docFrag.InnerXml)
You can use XmlNode methods to add, remove, and replace data. Listing 6-11 appends a node in the
document fragment.
Listing 6-11: Appending in an XML Document Fragment
Dim doc As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()

doc.LoadXml("<book genre='programming'>" & _
"<title>ADO.NET Programming</title>" & _
"</book>")
by Mahesh
' Get the root node Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Dim root As XmlNode = doc.DocumentElement
Thisnode.
' Create a new text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Dim newbook As XmlElement namespaces, classes, and
= doc.CreateElement("price")
newbook.InnerText = "44.95"
'Add the nodeADO.NET.
to the document.
root.AppendChild(newbook)
doc.Save(Console.Out)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Using the XmlElement Class
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
AnXmlElement in object
class Disconnected Environments
represents an element in a document. This class inherits from the
XmlLinkedNode class, which inherits from the XmlNode, as shown in Figure 6-4.
Figure
Chapter 22 - 6-4: TheXmlElement
SQL Server class
and ADO.NET: inheritance
TheXmlLinkedNode has two useful properties: NextSibling and PreviousSibling. As their names
indicate, these properties return the next and previous nodes of an XML document's current node.
Index
The
List ofXmlElement
Figures class implements and overrides some useful methods for adding and removing
attributes
List and elements. Table 6-4 describes some of the XmlElement class methods.
of Tables
List of Listings
Table
List 6-4: Some XmlElement Class Methods
of Sidebars
METHOD DESCRIPTION
GetAttribute Returns the attribute value
Checks
HasAttributeThis text provides if a node
extensive has the
coverage specifiedtechnology
of ADO.NET attribute
RemoveAll interfaces, and Removes all the children
takes a comprehensive and
look attributes of the current node
at XML
RemoveAllAttributes
ADO.NET. Removes all attributes from an element
RemoveAttribute Removes specified attributes from an element
Table of Contents
RemoveAttributeAt Removes the attribute node with the specified index from the attribute
collection
Introduction
RemoveAttributeNode
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics Removes an XmlAttribute
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Sets
SetAttribute Visual Studio
the value.NET
of the specified attribute
SetAttributeNode
Chapter 4
Adds a new XmlAttribute
In the later- examples,
Chapter 6
we show you how you can use these methods in your programs to get and set XML
element attributes.
Chapter 8
Adding -Nodes
to a Document
Chapter
You can10use
- Working with the ODBC
the AppendChild .NET Data
method Provider
to add a node to an existing document. The AppendChild
method11takes
Chapter a single
- Stored parameter
Procedures and of XmlNode type. The XmlDocument'sCreateXXX methods can create
Views
different
Chapter 12types of nodes.
- Oracle, For and
SQLXML, example, the CreateComment
Other .NET Data Providers and CreateElement methods create
comment
Chapter 13 and elementanode
- Developing types.
Custom DataListing 6-12 shows an example of adding two nodes to a document.
Provider
Listing 6-12: Adding Nodes to a Document
Dim xmlDoc
Chapter As Real-World
17 - Building XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Web Applications
xmlDoc.LoadXml("<Record>
Chapter Some
18 - Object-Relational Mapping Value </Record>")
in .NET
' Adding
Chapter a new Objects:
19 - Mapped comment node toConsiderations
Performance the document and Data Binding
Dim node1
Chapter As Interoperability
20 - COM XmlNode = xmlDoc.CreateComment("DOM
and ADO.NET Testing Sample")
xmlDoc.AppendChild(node1)
' Adding an FirstName to the document
node1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("FirstName")
node1.InnerText = "Mahesh"
xmlDoc.DocumentElement.AppendChild(node1)
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Getting the Root Node
List of Sidebars
TheDocumentElement method of the XmlDocument class (inherited from XmlNode) returns the root
node of a document. Listing 6-13 shows you how to get the root node of a document.
Listing 6-13: Getting the Root Node of a Document

Dim root As XmlElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
Removing and Replacing
Applied Nodes
TheRemoveAll method of the XmlNode class can remove all elements and attributes of a node.
RemoveChild removes the specified child only. Listing 6-14 calls RemoveAll to remove all the elements
and attributes of aincluding
node. ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Listing 6-14: Removing All Items
namespaces of a Node
ADO.NET.
' Load a document fragment

Table Dim xmlDoc As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
of Contents
xmlDoc.LoadXml("<book genre='programming'>"
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions & _
"<title>ADO.NET
Introduction
Programming</title> </book>")
Dim root As XmlNode = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
Console.WriteLine("XML Document Fragment")
Console.WriteLine("=====================")
Chapter 4- ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("---------------------")
Console.WriteLine("XML Forms Data-Bound
Document Controls
Fragment After RemoveAll")
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
'Remove Exception Handling
all attribute and child nodes.
root.RemoveAll()
' Display
Chapter 11 - Storedthe contents
Procedures on the console after
and Views
' removing
Chapter elements
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and and
Otherattributes
.NET Data Providers
Note You can apply the RemoveAll method on the books.xml file to delete all the data, but make
sure to have a backup copy first!
Chapter
Listing 19 - Mapped
6-15 Objects:
shows how Performance
to delete Considerations
all the items and Data Binding
of books.xml.
Listing21
Chapter 6-15: CallingRemoveAll for books.xml
- Messaging
Dim filename As Databases:
String =Some Basic Concepts
"C:\\books.xml"
Dim xmlDoc Used SQL Statements
As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Index
Dim root As XmlNode = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
List of Figures
Console.WriteLine("XML Document Fragment")
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Console.WriteLine()
Console.WriteLine("---------------------")
Console.WriteLine("XML Document Fragment After RemoveAll")
'Remove all attribute and child nodes.
root.RemoveAll()
' Display the contents on the console after
' removing elements and attributes
Applied
TheReplaceChild ADO.NET:
method Building
replaces Data-Driven
an old child Solutions
with a new child node. In Listing 6-16,ReplaceChild
replacesrootNode.LastChild
by Mahesh Chand with
and David Talbot
xmlDocFrag. ISBN:1590590732
Listing 6-16: Calling ReplaceChild
Dim filename namespaces
As String and= classes,
"C:\\books.xml"
Dim xmlDocADO.NET.
As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Table Dim
of Contents
xmlDocFragment As XmlDocumentFragment = xmlDoc.CreateDocumentFragment()
xmlDocFragment.InnerXml = _
Introduction
"<Fragment><SomeData>Fragment Data</SomeData></Fragment>"
Chapter
Dim1 rootNode
- ADO.NET Basics
As XmlElement = xmlDoc.DocumentElement
Chapter 2 - Data xmlDocFragment
'Replace Components in Visualwith
Studio rootNode.LastChild
.NET
rootNode.ReplaceChild(xmlDocFragment,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments rootNode.LastChild)
Inserting
Chapter XML Fragments
8 - Constraints into an XML Document
and Data Relations
As discussed previously, the XmlNode class is useful for navigating through a document's nodes. It also
provides other methods to insert XML fragments into a document. For instance, the InsertAfter method
inserts a document or element after the current node. This method takes two arguments. The first
Chapter 12 -isOracle,
argument SQLXML, and Other .NETobject,
an XmlDocumentFragment Data Providers
and the second argument is the position where you want
Chapter 13the
to insert - Developing
fragment. Asa Custom Dataearlier
discussed Provider
in this chapter, you create an XmlDocumentFragment class
Chapter 14 using
object by - Developing Database Web Applications using
the CreateDocumentFragment ASP.NET
method of the XmlDocument class. Listing 6-17 inserts
Chapter
an XML15fragment
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
into a document afterServices
the current node using InsertAfter.
Listing17
Chapter 6-17: Inserting
- Building an XML
Real-World Fragment
Web into a Document
Applications
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Dim xmlDoc Objects: Performance
As XmlDocument = NewConsiderations and Data Binding
XmlDocument()
ChapterxmlDoc.Load("c:\\books.xml")
ChapterDim
21 -xmlDocFragment
Messaging As XmlDocumentFragment = _
ChapterxmlDoc.CreateDocumentFragment()
xmlDocFragment.InnerXml
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some = _ Concepts
Basic
"<Fragment><SomeData>Fragment
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements Data</SomeData></Fragment>"
Dim
Appendix C -aNode AsFrequently
ADO.NET XmlNode = xmlDoc.DocumentElement.FirstChild
Asked Questions
Index
aNode.InsertAfter(xmlDocFragment, aNode.LastChild)
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Adding Attributes to a Node
You use the SetAttributeNode method of XmlElement to add attributes to an element, which is a
node.XmlAttribute represents an XML attribute. You create an instance of XmlAttribute by calling
CreateAttribute of XmlDocument. After that you call an XmlElement'sSetAttribute method to
set the attribute of an element. Finally, you append this new item to the document (see Listing 6-18).
Listing 6-18: Adding a Node with Attributes

xmlDoc.Load("c:\\books.xml")
Dim NewElem As XmlElement = xmlDoc.CreateElement("NewElement")
Dim NewAttr As XmlAttribute = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("NewAttribute")
NewElem.SetAttributeNode(NewAttr)
'add the by Mahesh
new Chand and
element to David Talbot
the document ISBN:1590590732
root.AppendChild(NewElem)
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedTransformation and XSLT
Extensible Stylesheet
ApressLanguage
2003 (928(XSL)
pages) is a language for expressing stylesheets. Stylesheets format XML
documents in a way so that the XML data can
This text provides extensive be presented
coverage in a certain
of ADO.NET structure in a browser or other
technology
media such as catalogs, books, and so on.
namespaces
The XML stylesheet processorand classes,
reads and how
an XML to integrate
document both
(called an with
XML sourcetree) and stylesheet, and it
ADO.NET.
presents the document data in an XML tree format. This processing is XSLT (see Figure 6-5).
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 7 - 6-5:
Figure Data The
Binding
XSLand Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
transformation
The result
Chapter 9 -tree generated
ADO.NET after Handling
Exception the XML transformation contains element and attribute nodes. In this tree,
an object
Chapter 10 is an XML with
- Working element, and properties
the ODBC .NET Data are attribute-value pairs.
Provider
The XSL stylesheet plays a vital role in the XSLT process. A stylesheet contains a set of tree construction
rules, which SQLXML,
have two parts. and
TheOther .NET
first part is Data Providers
a pattern of elements in the source tree, and the second is a
Chapter 13 for
template - Developing a Custom
the result tree. Data parser
The XSL Provider reads the pattern and elements from the source tree and then
Chapter 14 -results
generates Developing Database
according Web
to the Applications
result using ASP.NET
tree template.
Transformation
Chapter is required
16 - ASP.NET Server when youand
Controls need to Binding
Data convert an XML document into an XML schema-matching
document.
Chapter 17 - The XslTransform
Building class
Real-World Web provides the functionality to implement the XSLT specification. A
Applications
separate namespace called System.Xml.Xsl defines this class. Make sure you add a reference to this
namespace before using the XslTransform class. You can use the XsltException class to handle
exceptions thrown by an XSLT transformation.
Using the Transform Method
TheTransform method of XslTransform transforms data using the loaded stylesheet and outputs the
result depending on the argument. This method has eight overloaded forms. You can write output of
Transform in the form of XmlWriter, a stream, TextWriter, or XPathNavigator. (We discuss
Index
XPathNavigator in the "Navigating in XML" section of this chapter.)
List of Figures
List of Tables
Follow these steps perform the transformation:
List of
1.Listings
First, you need to create an XslTransform object:
List of Sidebars
Dim xslt As XslTransform = New XslTransform()
2. Now, you load the stylesheet using the Load method:
xslt.Load("stylesheetFrmt.xsl");
3. Finally, call the Transform method of XslTransform:
xslt.Transform("xmlfile.xml", "file.html")
3.
Looking at by
anMahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Example
This text providesinextensive
Before you use XslTransform coverageyou
your application, of ADO.NET technology
need to add three namespace references to your
application. These namespaces are System.Xml,System.Xml.XPath, and System.Xml.Xsl. (We
discuss the XPath namespace
namespaces andinclasses,
more detail in the
and how to "Navigating in XML"
integrate both with section of this chapter.) Listing 6-
19 uses the books.xsl
ADO.NET.schema file that comes with the .NET Software Development Kit (SDK) samples.
Listing 6-19: An XSL Transformation

Table of Contents
'Create a new XslTransform object and load the stylesheet
Introduction
Dim xslt As XslTransform = New XslTransform()
xslt.Load("c:\\books.xsl")
Chapter 2 - Data
'Create Components
a new in Visual Studio
XPathDocument and.NET
load the XML data to be transformed.
Chapter
Dim3 mydata
- ADO.NET
As inXPathDocument
= New XPathDocument("c:\\books.xml")
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
'Create in Connected Environments
an XmlTextWriter which outputs to the console.
Chapter
Dim5 writer
- Handling
AsADO.NET
XmlWriterEvents= New XmlTextWriter(Console.Out)
'Transform the XMLdatawith ADO.NET
and send the output to the console.
xslt.Transform(mydata, Forms Data-Bound
Nothing, writer)Controls
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using ADO.NET
Applied and XML
ADO.NET: Together
So far in this chapter,
Apress you've
2003seen how to work with XML documents. In this section, you'll now learn how
(928 pages)
to work with XMLThis
documents with the help ofcoverage
text provides extensive ADO.NET. There are
of ADO.NET two approaches to work with XML and
technology
ADO.NET. Usingincluding
the first approach, you can directly read XML
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and documents by using a DataSet's
methods. Not only interfaces, and takes
can you read XML adocuments
comprehensive look at XMLyou can also update and save XML
in a DataSet,
documents by usingnamespaces
a DataSet. and classes,
Besidesand
the how to integrate
DataSet object,both withis defined in the System.Data
which
ADO.NET.
namespace, the System.Xml namespace defines classes that can integrate ADO.NET components with
XML. In this section, you'll see both of these approaches.
Table of Contents
Reading XML Using a DataSet
Introduction
In ADO.NET,
Chapter you canBasics
1 - ADO.NET access the data using the DataSet class. The DataSet class implements
methods
Chapter 2 and properties
- Data to work
Components with XML
in Visual documents.
Studio .NET
Using4 the
Chapter ReadXML
- ADO.NET Method
Chapter 5
ReadXml -isHandling ADO.NET Events
an overloaded method; you can use it to read a data stream, TextReader,XmlReader, or
Chapter
an XML6 file- Integrating
and to storeXML with
data in aADO.NET
DataSet object, which can later be used to display the data in a tabular
format. The ReadXml method has eight Forms Data-Bound
overloaded Controls
forms that can accept the Stream,String,
TextReader, XmlReader and Data
typesRelations
of objects as the first parameter; the second argument is of type
XmlReadMode.
TheXmlReadMode
Chapter parameterand
11 - Stored Procedures defines
Viewsthe read mode with these objects. The read mode is of type
XmlReadMode.
Chapter SQLXML, and specifies
XmlReadMode
12 - Oracle, how
Other .NET to read
Data XML data and a relational schema into a DataSet.
Providers
Table 6-5 describes the XmlReadMode members.
Table 6-5: The XmlReadMode Members
Chapter
MEMBER16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
DESCRIPTION
Auto This is Mapping
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational the default mode. It automatically sets the best-suited mode. For
in .NET
example, If the data is a DiffGram, it sets XmlReadMode to DiffGram. If
theDataSet already has a schema, or the document contains an inline
schema, it sets XmlReadMode to ReadSchema. If the DataSet doesn't
already have a schema and the document does not contain an inline
schema, it sets XmlReadMode to InferSchema.
Appendix B - CommonlyReads
DiffGram a DiffGram.
Used SQL Statements
Fragment Reads an XML fragment.
Index
ListIgnoreSchema
of Figures Ignores any inline schema. If any data doesn't match the existing schema, it's
List of Tables discarded.
ListInferSchema
of Listings If the DataSet already contains a schema, the current schema is extended
List of Sidebars by adding new tables or adding columns to existing tables.
ReadSchema Reads an XML schema.
Note SeeChapter 3 and Chapter 4 for more details about the DataSet object.
In the following example, create a new DataSet object and call the DataSet.ReadXml method to load
thebooks.xml file in a DataSet object:
' Create a DataSet Object

' Fill with the data
ds.ReadXml("books.xml ")
Once you have aApress
DataSet object,
2003 you know how powerful it is. Make sure you provide the correct path to
(928 pages)
books.xml. This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
interfaces,
Note Make sure you addand takes a comprehensive
a reference look atand
to System.Data XMLthe System.Data.Common namespace
namespaces
before using and and
DataSet classes, and
other how to integrate
common both with
data components.
ADO.NET.
Using the ReadXmlSchema Method

Table of Contents
TheReadXmlSchema method reads an XML schema in a DataSet object. It has four overloaded forms.
You can use a TextReader, string, stream, and XmlReader. The following example shows how to use a
Introduction
file as direct input and call the ReadXmlSchema method to read the file:
Dim ds As
Chapter 3
ds.ReadXmlSchema("c:\\books.xml")
The following example XML with
reads theADO.NET
file XmlTextReader and uses XmlTextReader as the input of
Chapter 7 - Data
ReadXmlSchema: Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
' Create Exception
a dataset Handling
object
Chapter
Dim ds 10 As
- Working
DataSetwith the ODBC
= New .NET Data Provider
DataSet("New DataSet")
Chapter
' Read 11 xsl
- Stored
in Procedures and Views
an XmlTextReader
Dim myXmlReader and Other .NET Data
As XmlTextReader Providers
= New XmlTextReader("c:\\books.xml")
Chapter
' Call 13 ReadXmlSchema
ds.ReadXmlSchema(myXmlReader)
myXmlReader.Close()
Writing XML Using a DataSet
Not only
Chapter 20for reading,
- COM the DataSet
Interoperability andclass contains methods to write XML files from a DataSet object and
ADO.NET
fill the data
Chapter 21 - to the file.
Messaging
Using Athe
Appendix WriteXml
- Relational Method
TheWriteXml method writes the current data (the schema and data) of a DataSet object to an XML
file. By using Frequently
this method, Asked
you can Questions
write data to a file, stream, TextWriter, or XmlWriter. The
Index
WriteXml method takes an argument of type Stream,String,TextWriter, or XmlWriter.
List of Figures
When
List writing XML using WriteXml , you can also specify the write mode. The second parameter of
of Tables
of Listingsis a type of XmlWriteMode, which specifies the write mode. XmlWriteMode specifies how to
WriteXml
List
write
List XML data and a relational schema from a DataSet.Table 6-6 describes the XmlWriteMode
of Sidebars
members.
Table 6-6: The XmlWriteMode Members

MEMBER DESCRIPTION
DiffGram Writes a DataSet's contents including original and current values as a
DiffGram.
IgnoreSchemaincluding ADO.NET
Writes internals,
the current namespaces,
contents classes,
of a DataSet asand
XML data, without an XSD
interfaces,
schema.andIftakes a comprehensive
there's look at XML
no data in a DataSet, nothing is written.
WriteSchema ADO.NET.
This is the default mode. The method writes the current contents as XML
data with the relational structure as inline XSD schema. If the DataSet has
Table of Contents only a schema with no data, only the inline schema is written. If there's no
data in a DataSet, nothing is written.
Introduction
Chapter
Listing 16-20
- ADO.NET
creates aBasics
DataSet, fills the data for the DataSet, and writes the data to an XML file using
Chapter 2 - Data
theWriteXml Components in Visual Studio .NET
method.
Listing46-20:
Chapter Using the
- ADO.NET WriteXml
in Connected Method
Environments
Chapter
Imports6 -System.Data
Chapter
Imports7 -System.Xml
Chapter
Imports8 -System.IO
Module
Chapter 10 Module1
Sub11Main()
Chapter - Stored Procedures and Views
Chaptertry
Chapter'13
Create a DataSet,
- Developing namespace
a Custom Data Provider and Student table
Chapter'with Name and
14 - Developing Address
Database columns using ASP.NET
Web Applications
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("DS")
ds.Namespace = "StdNamespace"
Dim stdTable As DataTable = New DataTable("Student")
Dim col1 As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Name")
Dim col2 As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Address")
stdTable.Columns.Add(col1)
ChapterstdTable.Columns.Add(col2)
Chapterds.Tables.Add(stdTable)
21 - Messaging
Chapter'22 - SQL
Add Server and
Student ADO.NET:
Data to theNotes on Performance
table
Dim NewRow As DataRow = stdTable.NewRow()Concepts
NewRow("Name") Statements Talmadge"
= "Melanie
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently=Asked
NewRow("Address") Questions Dr, Dtown"
"Meadowlake
Index stdTable.Rows.Add(NewRow)
NewRow = stdTable.NewRow()
List of Figures
NewRow("Name") = "Amy Talmadge"
List of Tables
NewRow("Address")
List of Listings = "Herndon"
stdTable.Rows.Add(NewRow)
List of Sidebars
ds.AcceptChanges()
' Create a new StreamWriter
' We'll save data in stdData.xml file
Dim writer As System.IO.StreamWriter = _
New System.IO.StreamWriter("c:\\stdData.xml")
' Writer data to DataSet which actually creates the file
ds.WriteXml(writer)
writer.Close()
Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", exp.ToString())
End Try
End Sub
End Module
You wouldn't believeThis what the WriteXml
text provides extensive method does
coverage for you. Take
of ADO.NET a peek at the output stdData.xml
technology
file; it generates aincluding
standardADO.NET
XML fileinternals, namespaces,
that looks like Listing classes,
6-21. and
Listing 6-21: WriteXml Method Output
ADO.NET.
- <DS xmlns="StdNamespace">
Table of Contents
- <Student>
<Name>Melanie Data-Driven Solutions
Talmadge</Name>
Introduction
<Address>Meadowlake Dr, Dtown</Address>
</Student>
- <Student>
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
<Name>Amy in Disconnected Environments
Talmadge</Name>
<Address>Herndon</Address>
</Student>
</DS>6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Chapter
Using10the
Chapter WriteXmlSchema
- Working Method
TheWriteXmlSchema method writes a DataSet structure to an XML schema. WriteXmlSchema has
four overloaded methods. You can write the data to a stream, text, TextWriter, or XmlWriter.Listing
Chapter 13 -XmlWriter
6-22 uses Developing afor
the output.
Listing15
Chapter 6-22: Using
- Using the WriteXmlSchema
ADO.NET Method
in Xml Web Services
Chapter
Dim ds 17 As
- Building
DataSetReal-World
= NewWeb Applications
DataSet("DS")
ds.Namespace Mapping in .NET
= "StdNamespace"
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Dim stdTable AsObjects: Performance
DataTable = NewConsiderations and Data Binding
DataTable("Students")
Chapter 20 - COM
Dim col1 Interoperability =
As DataColumn and ADO.NET
New DataColumn("Name")
Dim col2 As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Address")
ds.Tables.Add(stdTable)
' Add C
Appendix Student Data
- ADO.NET to the
Frequently table
Asked Questions
Dim NewRow As DataRow = stdTable.NewRow()
Index
NewRow("Name")
List of Figures = "Melnaie Talmadge"
NewRow("Address") = "Meadowlake Dr, Dtown"
List of Tables
List of Listings
NewRow = stdTable.NewRow()
List of Sidebars
NewRow("Name") = "Amy Talmadge"
NewRow("Address") = "Herndon, VA"
ds.AcceptChanges()
Dim writer As XmlTextWriter =
New XmlTextWriter(Console.Out)
ds.WriteXmlSchema(writer)
Refer to the previous section to see how to create an XmlTextWriter object.

Using XmlDataDocument andData-Driven
Applied ADO.NET: Building XML Solutions
As discussed earlier in this chapter, the XmlDocument class provides a DOM tree structure of XML
documents. The XmlDataDocument class comes from XmlDocument, which comes from XmlNode.
Figure 6-6 showsThis
the text provides extensiveclass
XmlDataDocument coverage of ADO.NET technology
inheritance.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 6
Figure- 6-6:
TheXmlDataDocument class inheritance
Besides9 overriding
Chapter - ADO.NET theException
methodsHandling
of XmlNode and XmlDocument,XmlDataDocument also implements its
own methods.
Chapter The XmlDataDocument
10 - Working classProvider
with the ODBC .NET Data lets you load relational data using the DataSet object as
well as XML documents using the Load and LoadXml methods. As Figure 6-7 indicates, you can use a
DataSet to load relational data to an XmlDataDocument object and use the Load or LoadXml
methods to load an XML document. Figure 6-7 shows the relationship between a Reader,Writer,
DataSet, and XmlDataDocument.
Figure
Appendix B - 6-7: Reading
Commonly and
Used writing
SQL data using XmlDataDocument
Statements
TheXmlDataDocument class extends the functionality of XmlDocument and synchronizes it with a
Index
DataSet. As you know, a DataSet is a powerful object in ADO.NET. As Figure 6-7 shows, you can take
List of Figures
data from two different sources. First, you can load data from an XML document with the help of
List of Tables
XmlReader, and second, you can load data from relational data sources with the help of database
List of Listings
providers and a DataSet. The neat thing is the data synchronization between these two objects. If you
List of Sidebars
update data in a DataSet object, you see the results in the XmlDataDocument object-and vice versa.
For example, if you add a record to a DataSet object, the action will add one node to the
XmlDataDocument object representing the newly added record.
Once the data is loaded, you're allowed to use any operations that you're able to use on XmlDocument
objects. You can also use XmlReader and XmlWriter objects to read and write the data.
TheXmlDataDocument class has a property called DataSet. It returns the attached DataSet object
with XmlDataDocument. The DataSet property provides you a relational representation of an XML
document. Once you have a DataSet object, you can do anything with it that you did in Chapters 3 and 4,
such as binding it to data-bound controls.
You can use all the XML read and write methods of the DataSet object (such as ReadXml,
ReadXmlSchema,WriteXml, and WriteXmlSchema) through the DataSet property. Refer to the
Applied
DataSet read and ADO.NET:
write methods in Building Data-Driven
the previous section toSolutions
see how these methods are used.
Loading DataApress
Using Load
2003 and LoadXml
(928 pages) from the XmlDataDocument
including
You can use either ADO.NET
the Load method internals, namespaces,
or the LoadXml classes,
method and an XML document. The Load
to load
interfaces, of
method takes a parameter anda takes a comprehensive
filename look at XMLor an XmlReader. Similarly, you can use
string, a TextReader,
theLoadXml method. This method passes an XML filename to load the XML file. For example:
ADO.NET.
Dim doc As XmlDataDocument = New XmlDataDocument()

Table of Contents
doc.Load("C:\\Books.xml")
Introduction
Or you 1can- load
Chapter an XML
ADO.NET fragment, as in the following example:
Basics
Chapter
Dim doc3 -As
ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
XmlDataDocument = New XmlDataDocument()
doc.LoadXml("<Record> Environments
write something</Record>")
Loading
Chapter 7 Data
- Data Using
Binding a DataSet
As you 9learned
Chapter in Chapter
- ADO.NET 3, a Handling
Exception DataSet object has methods to read XML documents. These methods
areReadXmlSchema
Chapter andthe
10 - Working with LoadXml. You
ODBC .NET useProvider
Data the Load or LoadXml methods to load an XML document
the same
Chapter 11 way you did
- Stored directly and
Procedures fromViews
XMLDataDocument. Again, the Load method takes a parameter of a
filename
Chapter 12string, SQLXML, andorOther
TextReader,
- Oracle, .NET DataSimilarly,
XmlReader. Providersuse the LoadXml method to pass an XML
filename
Chapter 13through the DataSet.
- Developing a Custom For
Dataexample:
Provider
Dim doc
Chapter 15 -As XmlDataDocument
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web=Services
New XmlDataDocument()
doc.DataSet.ReadXmlSchema("test.xsd")
or as follows:
doc.DataSet.ReadXml("<Record> write something</Record>")
Displaying XML Data in a DataSet Format
Index
As mentioned previously, you can get a DataSet object from an XmlDataDocument object by using its
List of Figures
DataSet property. OK, now it's time to see how to do that. The next sample shows you how easy it is to
List of Tables
display an XML document data in a DataSet format.
List of Listings
You
List of can read an XML document using the ReadXml method of the DataSet object. The DataSet
Sidebars
property of XmlDataDocument represents the DataSet of XmlDataDocument. After reading a
document in a DataSet, you can create data views from the DataSet, or you can also use a DataSet's
DefaultViewManager property to bind to data-bound controls, as you can see in the following code:
Dim xmlDatadoc As XmlDataDocument = New XmlDataDocument()

xmlDatadoc.DataSet.ReadXml("C:\\XmlDataDoc.xml")
dataGrid1.DataSource = xmlDatadoc.DataSet.DefaultViewManager
As you can see from Listing 6-23, you create a new DataSet,Books, fill it from the books.xml file, and
bind it to a DataGrid control using its DataSource property. To make Listing 6-23 work, you need to
create a Windows application and drag a DataGrid control to the form. After doing that, write the Listing
6-23 code on theApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
form load event.
Listing 6-23: XmlDataDocumentSample.vb
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object,
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML _
ByVal e As namespaces
System.EventArgs) Handles
and classes, and MyBase.Load
' Create ADO.NET.
an XmlDataDocument object and read an XML
Dim xmlDatadoc As XmlDataDocument = New XmlDataDocument()
xmlDatadoc.DataSet.ReadXml("C:\\books.xml")
Table of Contents
' Create a DataSet object and fill it with the dataset
' of XmlDataDocument
Introduction
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Books DataSet")
Chapterds
1 =- ADO.NET Basics
xmlDatadoc.DataSet
Chapter'2 Attach
- Data Components in Visual
dataset view toStudio
the .NET
DataGrid control
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected = Environments
Chapter
End Sub4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
If you run
Chapter 8 this program,and
- Constraints you'll
DataseeRelations
the DataGrid filled with the data.
Saving Data from a DataSet to XML
You can
Chapter 12save a DataSet
- Oracle, asand
SQLXML, an Other
XML document
.NET Data using the Save method of the XmlDataDocument class.
Providers
Actually,
Chapter 13XmlDataDocument comes
- Developing a Custom Data from XmlDocument, and the XmlDocument class defines the Save
Provider
method. As you know, you can use Save method to save your data in a string, stream, TextWriter, and
XmlWriter.
Chapter 16 create
First, you - ASP.NET Server Controls
a DataSet and Data
object and Binding
fill it using a DataAdapter. The following example reads the
Customers table from the Northwind Access database and fills data from the table to the DataSet:
Dim sql As String = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
Chapter
Dim da 20 As
- COM Interoperability and
SqlDataAdapter = ADO.NET
New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
' Create and fill a DataSet
Chapter
Dim ds 22 As
- SQL Server and
DataSet = ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
New DataSet()
da.Fill(ds)
Now, you create an instance of XmlDataDocument with the DataSet as an argument and call the Save
Index
method
List to save the data as an XML document:
of Figures
List of Tables
Dim
List doc As XmlDataDocument = New XmlDataDocument(ds)
of Listings
doc.Save("C:\\XmlDataDoc.xml")
List of Sidebars
Listing 6-24 shows a complete program. You create an XmlDataDocument object with a DataSet and
call the Save method to save the DataSet data in an XML file.
Listing 6-24: Saving the DataSet Data to an XML Document
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Imports System.Xml
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' Create Applied ADO.NET: Object
a Connection Building Data-Driven Solutions
Dim ConnectionString As David
by Mahesh Chand and String Talbot
= "IntegratedISBN:1590590732
Security=SSPI;" & _
Dim conn ThisAs text provides extensive
SqlConnection = coverage of ADO.NET technology
New SqlConnection()
conn.ConnectionString = ConnectionString namespaces, classes, and
If conn.State
ADO.NET. <> ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Open()
End If
Table of Contents
Dim sql As String = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
AppliedDim
da As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Introduction
ChapterDim
1 -ds ADO.NET Basics
As DataSet = New DataSet()
Chapterda.Fill(ds)
Chapter'3 Now use SxlDataDocument's
- ADO.NET Save method to save data as an XML file
ChapterDim
4 -doc As XmlDataDocument
ADO.NET in Connected Environments= New XmlDataDocument(ds)
Chapterdoc.Save("C:\\XmlDataDoc.xml")
Chapter'6 Close and dispose
- Integrating the connection
XML with ADO.NET
ChapterIf
7 conn.State <> Windows
- Data Binding and ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Open()
conn.Dispose()
End If
End Sub
End Module
XmlDataDocument: Looking under the Hood
After looking at Listing 6-23, which illustrates the reading of an XML document in a DataGrid control, you
must be wondering how it happened. The DataSet object handles everything for you under the hood:
doc.DataSet.ReadXml("C:\\outdata.xml")
As you see in this line,Databases: Some
you're calling theBasic Concepts
DataSet.ReadXml method to read an XML document. The
Appendix
DataSet B -extracts
Commonly the Used SQL Statements
document and defines tables and columns for you.
Generally, the root node of the XML document becomes a table; the document's name, namespace,
Index
namespace URI, and prefix become the DataSet'sName,Namespace,NamespaceURI, and Prefix
List of Figures
properties, respectively. If an element's children have one or more children, they become another table
List of Tables
inside the main table in a nested format. Anything left from the tables becomes columns of the table. The
List of Listings
value of a node becomes a row in a table. The DataSet takes care of all of this for you.
List of Sidebars
Navigating Applied
in XML ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
As you saw, XmlNode
Apressprovides a pages)
2003 (928 way to navigate DOM trees with the help of its FirstChild,
ChildNodes,LastChild, PreviousNode, NextSibling,
This text provides extensive coverage andtechnology
of ADO.NET PreviousSibling methods.
BesidesXmlNode, the XML and
interfaces, .NET has atwo
takes more classes,
comprehensive which
look help you navigate XML documents. These
at XML
classes are XPathDocument
namespaces andandclasses, The System.Xml.XPath
and how to integrate
XPathNavigator. both with namespace defines
ADO.NET.
both of these classes.
TheXPath namespace contains classes to provide read-only, fast access to documents. Before using
Table
theseofclasses,
Contentsyou must add a reference to the System.Xml.XPath namespace in your application.
XPathNodeIterator,XPathExpression, and XPathException are other classes defined in this
Introduction
namespace.
Chapter The XPathNodeIterator
1 - ADO.NET Basics class provides iteration capabilities to a node.
XPathExpression
Chapter providesinselection
2 - Data Components criteria
Visual Studio to select a set of nodes from a document based on those
.NET
criteria,3and
Chapter the XPathException
- ADO.NET in Disconnectedclass is an exception class. TheXPathDocument class provides a
Environments
fast cache
Chapter 4 -for XML document
ADO.NET processing
in Connected using XSLT and XPath.
Environments
You use the XPathDocument constructor to create an instance of XmlPathDocument. It has many
overloaded XML
constructors. with
You ADO.NET
can pass an XmlReader,TextReader, or even direct XML filenames.
Using the
Chapter 9
XPathNavigator Class
Chapter 10 - Working withclass
TheXPathNavigator the ODBC .NET Data
implements theProvider
functionality to navigate through a document. It has easy-to-
use and self-explanatory methods. You create an XPathNavigator instance by calling
XPathDocument's and Other .NET
CreateNavigator Data Providers
method.
You can
Chapter 14also create a XPathNavigator
- Developing object using
Database Web Applications by calling XmlDocument'sCreateNavigator method.
ASP.NET
For example,
Chapter the following
15 - Using ADO.NET incode
Xmlcalls
Web XmlDocument's
Services CreateNavigator method to create a
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET object:
XPathNavigator Server Controls and Data Binding
' Load
Chapter 18 books.xml document
- Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Dim xmlDoc
Chapter As XmlDocument
19 - Mapped = New
Objects: Performance XmlDocument()
' Create
Chapter XPathNavigator object by calling CreateNavigator of XmlDocument
21 - Messaging
Dim nav As XPathNavigator = xmlDoc.CreateNavigator()
Appendix
NoteC Don't
- ADO.NET
forgetFrequently Asked Questions
to add a reference to the System.Xml.XPath namespace to your project before
Index using any of its classes.
List of Figures
The
List ofXPathNavigator
Tables class contains methods and properties to move to the first, next, child, parent, and
root
List ofnodes of the document.
Listings
List of Sidebars
Using XPathNavigator Move Methods
Table 6-7 describes XPathNavigator'sMove methods.
Table 6-7: XPathNavigator Members

MEMBER DESCRIPTION
MoveToAttribute Moves to an attribute
Moves
MoveToFirst This text provides to the
extensive first sibling
coverage of the current
of ADO.NET node
technology
MoveToFirstAttribute Moves
interfaces, and takes to the first attribute
MoveToFirstChild
ADO.NET. Moves to the first child of the current node
MoveToFirstNamespace Moves the XPathNavigator to first namespace node of the
Table of Contents current element
MoveToId MovesSolutions
to the node with specified ID
Introduction
MoveToNamespace
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics Moves to the specified namespace
MoveToNext Moves Studio
to the.NET
next node of the current node
- ADO.NET in ConnectedMoves to the next attribute
MoveToNextAttribute
Chapter 4 Environments
MoveToNextNamespace Moves to the next namespace
MoveToParent
Chapter 7
Moves to the parent of the current node
MoveToPrevious Moves to the previous sibling of the current node
MoveToRoot Moves to the root node
So, with the help of these methods, you can move through a document as a DOM tree. Listing 6-25 uses
theMoveToRoot and MoveToFirstChild methods to move to the root node and first child of the root
node. Once you have a root, you can display corresponding information such as the name, value, node
type, and so on.
Listing16
Chapter 6-25: Moving
- ASP.NET to Root
Server and First
Controls Child
and Data Nodes Using XPathNavigator
Binding
Chapter
' Load 18 books.xml
document
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Dim xmlDoc Objects: Performance
As XmlDocument = NewConsiderations and Data Binding
XmlDocument()
ChapterxmlDoc.Load("c:\\books.xml")
Create XPathNavigator object by calling CreateNavigator of XmlDocument
ChapterDim
22 -nav
SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes
As XPathNavigator = on Performance
xmlDoc.CreateNavigator()
' BMove
Appendix to root
- Commonly node
Used SQL Statements
nav.MoveToRoot()
Index Dim name As String = nav.Name
Console.WriteLine("Root node info: ")
List of Figures
Console.WriteLine("Base URI" + nav.BaseURI.ToString())
List of Tables
Console.WriteLine("Name: " + nav.Name.ToString())
List of Listings
Console.WriteLine("Node Type: " + nav.NodeType.ToString())
List of Sidebars
Console.WriteLine("Node Value: " + nav.Value.ToString())
If nav.HasChildren Then
nav.MoveToFirstChild()
End If
Now, using the MoveToNext and MoveToParent methods, you can move through the entire document.
Listing 6-26 moves though an entire document and displays the data on the console. The GetNodeInfo
method displays a node's information, and you call it recursively.
Listing 6-26: Reading a Document Using XPathNavigator
Imports System.Data
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.XPath
ADO.NET.
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Table of' Contents
Load books.xml document
Introduction
' Create XPathNavigator object by calling CreateNavigator of XmlDocument
Dim nav As XPathNavigator = xmlDoc.CreateNavigator()
' Moce to root node
Chapternav.MoveToRoot()
ChapterDim
5 -name
Handling
AsADO.NET
StringEvents
= nav.Name
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Root
node info: ")
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Base
7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms
URI" Data-Bound Controls
+ nav.BaseURI.ToString())
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Name:
" + nav.Name.ToString())
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Node
9 - ADO.NET Exception HandlingType: " + nav.NodeType.ToString())
10 - Working with the ODBC .NETValue: " + nav.Value.ToString())
Data Provider
ChapterIf
12 nav.HasChildren
- Oracle, SQLXML, and Then
nav.MoveToFirstChild()
GetNodeInfo(nav)
End If
End Sub
' GetNodeInfo method
Public Sub GetNodeInfo(ByVal nav1 As XPathNavigator)
Console.WriteLine("Name: " + nav1.Name.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("Node Type: " + nav1.NodeType.ToString())
Value: " + nav1.Value.ToString())
Chapter'22
If- SQL Server
node hasand ADO.NET: Notes
children, moveonto
Performance
fist child.
Appendix
IfA nav1.HasChildren
- Relational Databases: Some
Then Basic Concepts
nav1.MoveToFirstChild()
Index While nav1.MoveToNext()
GetNodeInfo(nav1)
List of Figures
List of Tablesnav1.MoveToParent()
End While
List of Listings
Else
List of Sidebars
nav1.MoveToNext()
GetNodeInfo(nav1)
End If
End Sub
End Module
Searching Using XPathNavigator

Select,SelectChildren,SelectAncestors, and SelectDescendents are other useful methods.
Specifically, theseApplied
methodsADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
are useful when you need to select a document's items based on an XPath
by Mahesh
expression. For example, you Chand and
could useDavid
one Talbot ISBN:1590590732
when selecting nodes for the author tag only.
Now, say you want to text
This search and display
provides all coverage
extensive <first-name> tag nodes
of ADO.NET in the books.xml document. In
technology
Listing 6-27, you including ADO.NET internals,
use XPathNavigator's namespaces,
Select methodclasses, and
to apply a criteria (all elements with the
<first-name> interfaces,
tag) to readand takes
and a comprehensive
display all the nodes.look at XML
ADO.NET.
Listing 6-27: UsingXPathIterator and Select
Table of Contents
' Load books.xml document
AppliedDim
xmlDoc As XmlDocument = New XmlDocument()
Introduction
Chapter'1 Create
- ADO.NET Basics
XPathNavigator object by calling CreateNavigator of XmlDocument
ChapterDim
2 -nav
Data As
Components in Visual Studio
XPathNavigator .NET
= xmlDoc.CreateNavigator()
Chapter'3 Look for author's
- ADO.NET first
in Disconnected name
Environments
ChapterConsole.WriteLine("Author First Name")
ChapterDim
5 -itrator As XPathNodeIterator
Handling ADO.NET Events = _
Chapternav.Select("descendant::first-name")
ChapterWhile itrator.MoveNext()
Console.WriteLine(itrator.Current.Value.ToString())
End While
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Schemas
XML schemas play a major
Apress 2003role
(928inpages)
the .NET Framework, and Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET) provides many
tools and utilities This
to work with XML. The .NETcoverage
text provides extensive Framework uses XML
of ADO.NET to transfer data from one application to
technology
other. XML schemas including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, anddocuments. You use XML Schema
define the structure and validation rules of XML
interfaces,to
Definition (XSD) language and takesXML
define a comprehensive
schemas. look at XML
VS .NET providesADO.NET.
an XML designer to work with schemas. In this section, you'll learn how to take
advantage of the VS .NET XML designer and wizards to work with XML documents and databases.
Table of Contents
Generating a New Schema
Introduction
To generate
Chapter Basics create a new Windows application using File New Project Visual Basic
a new schema,
1 - ADO.NET
Projects -Windows
Chapter 2
Application. Then just follow the steps outlined in the following sections.
Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3- ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Step 1: Adding an Empty Schema
Chapter
You can5 add
- Handling
an XMLADO.NET
schema Events
to a project by right-clicking a project and then selecting Add Add New
Item. The Add New Item XML with opens
option ADO.NETthe Add New Item dialog box, where you can select different
Chapter 7 - To
templates. Data Binding
add an XMLandschema,
Windowsyou
Forms Data-Bound
need Controls
to select the XML Schema template on this page. This page
also allows you to specify the schema name.
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations The default schema name is XMLSchema1.xsd. Next, click
the Open
Chapter 9 button on the
- ADO.NET Add New
Exception Item page.
Handling
This action launches the XML designer, which allows you to design XML schemas. The default XML
designer page like Figure 6-8. As you can see, there are two links available: Server Explorer and Toolbox.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Figure 6-8: The XML designer
List of Sidebars
As you might guess, the Server Explorer link launches the Server Explorer. (See Chapter 2 to learn more
about the Server Explorer.) The Toolbox link launches a Toolbox that contains the XML Schema items
rather than Windows or Web controls.
If you click the XML option at the bottom of screen, you'll see that your XML looks like the following:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>

<xs:schema id="XMLSchema1" targetNamespace="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
elementFormDefault="qualified" xmlns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
xmlns:mstns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
</xs:schema> Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Step 2: Adding including
Schema ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Items
Once an empty schema
ADO.NET. is available in the XML designer, you can click the Toolbox link to open the Toolbox
and add schema items (see Figure 6-9).
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 6-9: The XML schema Toolbox
Appendix
The XMLB designer
- Commonly Used
works in SQL Statements
pretty much same way as the form designer. You drag components from the
Appendix
ToolboxCto- the
ADO.NET Frequently
designer, and theAsked Questions
designer writes the code for you. As you can see in Figure 6-9, you can
add an element, attribute, complexType, and other schema items to the form.
Index
List of Figures
First, let's add an element to the schema, dragging it from the Toolbox. Second, set its name and type in
List of Tables
the designer. The default element looks like Figure 6-10. If you click the right-side column of the grid, you'll
List of Listings
see a drop-down list with element types. You can either select the type of an item from the list or define your
List of Sidebars
own type (which is a user-defined type).
ADO.NET.
Table Figure
of Contents
6-10: Adding a schema element and its type
Introduction
For this example, define your own custom type. Define the first element as bookstore with a custom type
ofbookstoretype.Figure 6-11 shows the bookstore element of bookstoretype.
Chapter 5 - 6-11:
Figure Handling ADO.NET
Adding a newEvents
bookstore element
Chapter
Now add7 a- complexType
Data Binding and Windows
item Formsa Data-Bound
by dragging complexTypeControls
item to the XML designer (see Figure 6-12).
Figure
Chapter 18 - 6-12: A complexType
Object-Relational itemin .NET
Mapping
Chapter 20 - COM item
A complexType Interoperability
can containand ADO.NET
other types, too. You can add items to a complexType in many ways. You
Chapter 21 -drag
can either Messaging
an item from the Toolbox to the complexType or right-click a complexType and use the Add
option and
Chapter 22 - its
SQLsuboptions toADO.NET:
Server and add an item. Figure
Notes 6-13 shows different items you can add to a complexType.
on Performance
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 6-13: Adding other types to complexType item
You can delete items by right-clicking and selecting Delete. You can also delete the entire complexType or
other schema items by right-clicking the header of an item or right-clicking the left side of the item.
Now, rename the added complexType name to book and add four element types: title,author,
AppliedNow
price, and category. ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
your complexType Solutions
book should now look like Figure 6-14.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 6-14: Thebook complexType and its elements
Next, add
Chapter 3 -one more complexType
ADO.NET author
in Disconnected with two elements: first-name and last-name. Your final
Environments
schema4 should
Chapter now look
- ADO.NET like Figure
in Connected 6-15.
Environments
Figure
Chapter 13 - 6-15: Theauthor
Developing and
a Custom book
Data complexTypes in an XML schema
Provider
You can now see the XML code for this schema by clicking the left-bottom XML button (see Figure 6-16).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 6-16: Viewing the XML code for a schema
You just saw how the VS .NET Integrated Development Environment (IDE) provides a tool to design your
custom schema.
Adding Schema from a Database Objects

You can generate a typed DataSet (discussed in Chapter 4)which actually is an XML schemafrom a
database table or other objects such as a view or a stored procedure. To test this option, you use the Server
Explorer, which you can launch either by clicking the Server Explorer option of the XML designer or by
opening it from the View Server Explorer menu item.
To create an XMLbyschema
Mahesh from
Chand a and David table,
database Talbot you simply open the Server Explorer, expand a database
ISBN:1590590732
table, and drag aApress
table onto the
2003 XML
(928 schema designer. For this example, drag the Employees table onto
pages)
the designer. After dragging
This it, the extensive
text provides XML designer generates
coverage a schema
of ADO.NET for the table (see Figure 6-17).
technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 19 - 6-17:
Figure Mapped Objects:
XML Performance Considerations
designergenerated schema and Data Binding
Listing 6-28 shows the generated XML code.
Listing 6-28: The XML Databases:
Schema Some Basic Concepts
Generated for a Database Table
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
Index
<xs:schema id="XMLSchema1" targetNamespace=
List of Figures
"http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
List of Tables
elementFormDefault="qualified"
List of Listings
xmlns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
List of Sidebars
xmlns:mstns="http://tempuri.org/XMLSchema1.xsd"
xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata">
<xs:element name="Document">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:choice maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xs:element name="Employees">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="EmployeeID" msdata:ReadOnly="true"
msdata:AutoIncrement="true" type="xs:int" />
<xs:element name="LastName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="FirstName" type="xs:string" />
Applied ADO.NET:
<xs:element name="Title" Building Data-DrivenminOccurs="0"
type="xs:string" Solutions />
<xs:element name="TitleOfCourtesy" type="xs:string" ISBN:1590590732
minOccurs="0" />
Apress 2003 (928 pages) type="xs:dateTime" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="BirthDate"
<xs:element name="HireDate" coverage of ADO.NET minOccurs="0"
type="xs:dateTime" technology />
<xs:element name="Address" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" classes, and />
<xs:element name="City"
namespaces and type="xs:string" minOccurs="0"
classes, and how to integrate both with />
<xs:element name="Region"
ADO.NET. type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="PostalCode" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element name="Country" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
Table of Contents name="HomePhone" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element
<xs:element Data-Driven Solutions
name="Extension" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
Introduction
<xs:element name="Photo" type="xs:base64Binary" minOccurs="0" />
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
<xs:element Basics
name="Notes" type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
Chapter 2 - Data name="ReportsTo"
<xs:element Components in Visual Studio .NET
type="xs:int" minOccurs="0" />
<xs:element
Chapter name="PhotoPath"
3 - ADO.NET type="xs:string" minOccurs="0" />
</xs:sequence>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
</xs:choice>
</xs:complexType>
<xs:unique name="DocumentKey1" msdata:PrimaryKey="true">
<xs:selector xpath=".//mstns:Employees" />
<xs:field xpath="mstns:EmployeeID" />
</xs:unique>
</xs:element>
</xs:schema>
Generating a Typed DataSet from a Schema
Chapter 19 generate
Now let's - Mapped aObjects: Performance
typed DataSet Considerations
from and just
the schema you Dataadded
Binding
to the XML designer. The Generate
Dataset option generates a typed DataSet for an XML schema. You can find the Generate Dataset option
after right-clicking on the XML designer.
This action
Appendix A - generates a DataSetSome
Relational Databases: classBasic
and Concepts
adds it to your project. If you look in your Class View, you see
theDocument
Appendix class derives
B - Commonly fromStatements
Used SQL a DataSet and its members. The Document class looks like Figure 6-
18 in theCClass
Appendix Wizard.
- ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 16 - 6-18: TheServer
ASP.NET DataSet-derived class Binding
Controls and Data in the Class View
Note The Generate Dataset option may not generate a DataSet if an XML schema isn't designed
properly.
Once you
Chapter 21 -have a DataSet object, you can use it in any way you want.
Messaging
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress the(928
2003 basics
pages)of System.Xml and it related namespaces and how XML is
represented in .NET through classes such ascoverage
This text provides extensive XmlNode, XmlAttribute,
XmlElement, and and takesYou
XmlDocument.
interfaces, also learned how
a comprehensive look to
at read
XML and write to these structures using the
XmlReader and namespaces
XmlWriterand classes. Also
classes, anddiscussed was theboth
how to integrate navigation
with in an XML node structure using
ADO.NET.
XmlPathNavigator. Most importantly, you learned how XML applies to ADO.NET and how to use a
DataSet to read and write data with XML. VS .NET provides the XML designer to work with XML. Using
the XML designer, you can generate XML schemas, which later can be used to generate typed DataSets.
Table of Contents
Applied
VS .NET ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
provides a rich set Solutions
of data-bound controls, which are very flexible and useful. In the next chapter,
Introduction
you'll see how to take advantage of VS .NET databound controls to write database applications.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
7: Data Binding and Windows
Forms Data-
Bound Controls
When it comes toincluding ADO.NET
developing internals,
interactive namespaces,
database classes,
applications, it'sand
difficult to resist using data-bound
controls. Data-bound controls are easy to use, and they also provide
many handy, built-in features. You
usedDataGrid,ListBox,
ADO.NET. and other data-bound controls in the previous chapters. In this chapter, we
discuss the basics of data binding, how to use data-bound controls, and how to develop interactive
database applications using these controls with a minimal amount of time and effort.
Table of Contents
Both Windows
Applied Forms andData-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding Web Forms provide a rich set of data-bound controls, which help developers
Solutions
build data-driven Windows and Web applications. In this chapter, we concentrate on Windows Forms.
Introduction
Chapter
Chapter 1 16 covers data
- ADO.NET binding in Web Forms.
Basics
Understanding
Chapter 3 Data Binding
So what are
Chapter 5
data-bound controls? You've already seen the DataGrid and ListBox controls in the
previous chapters. You used these controls to display data from a data source. Data-bound controls are
Windows controls that represent and manipulate data in Graphical User Interface (GUI) forms. Both
Windows Forms and Web Forms provide a variety of flexible and powerful data-bound controls. These
data-bound controls vary from a TextBox to a DataGrid.
The process witha the
of binding dataODBC .NET data
source's Data to
Provider
GUI controls is called data binding. Most of the editable
Chapter
Windows11 controls
- Stored provide
Proceduresdataand Views either directly or indirectly. These controls contain members that
binding,
connect
Chapter 12directly to aSQLXML,
- Oracle, data source, and then
and Other .NET the
Datacontrol takes care of displaying the data and other details.
Providers
For example,
Chapter to view data
13 - Developing in a DataGrid
a Custom control, you just need to set its DataSource property to a data
Data Provider
source.14
Chapter This data source
- Developing could be
Database a DataSet,
Web DataView,
Applications array, collection, or other data source. Data-
using ASP.NET
bound controls
Chapter can
15 - Using display in
ADO.NET data,
Xml and
Webthey are smart enough to display properties (metadata) of the stored
Services
data such
Chapter 16 -as data relations.
You can divide data binding into two categories: simple data binding and complex data binding. In simple
data binding, a control displays data provided by a data feed. In fact, the control itself is not capable of
Chapter 19 -complex
displaying Mapped data.
Setting the TextConsiderations
property of a and Data Binding
TextBox or Label control is an example of
simple data binding. Complex data binding, on the other hand, allows controls to bind to multiple columns
and complex data. Binding an entire database table or multiple columns of a database table to a
Chapter 22 - or
DataGrid SQL Server andcontrol
a ListBox ADO.NET: Notes
is an on Performance
example of complex data binding.
Using the Binding Class
Index
TheBinding class, defined in the System.Windows.Forms namespace, represents simple binding
List of Figures
between the data source item and a control.
List of Tables
Constructing
List of Listings a Binding Object
List of Sidebars
TheBinding class constructor, which creates an instance of the Binding class, takes three arguments:
a data-bound control's property name, a data source as an Object, and a data member, usually the
name of the data source columns as a string. You define the Binding class constructor as follows:
Public Sub New(_

ByVal propertyName As String, _
ByVal dataSource As Object, _
ByVal dataMember As String _
)
In this syntax, dataSource can be a DataSet,DataTable,DataView,DataViewManager, any class

that implements IList, and a class object. Listing 7-1 binds the Employees.FirstName column of a
Applied
DataSet to the Text ADO.NET:
property Building Data-Driven Solutions
of a TextBox.
Apress
Listing 7-1: Binding a TextBox Using Binding
2003 (928 pages)
Dim ds As DataSet = and
interfaces, Newtakes
DataSet()
ds = GetDataSet("Employees")
Dim bind1 As ADO.NET.
Binding
bind1 = New Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.FirstName")
TextBox1.DataBindings.Add(bind1)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter
Besides1 the
- ADO.NET
previous Basics
two controls, you can perform simple binding on many controls including Button,
Chapter 2 - CheckedListBox,
CheckBox, Data Components in Visual StudioDateTimePicker,
ComboBox, .NET DomainUpDown,GroupBox,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
HscrollBar, Label,inLinkLabel,
DisconnectedListBox,
Environments
ListView,MonthCalender,NumericUpDown,
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
PictureBox, in Connected
ProgressBar, EnvironmentsRichTextBox, ScrollBar, StatusBar, TextBox,
RadioButton,
TreeView,
Chapter and VscrollBar.
5 - Handling Listing 7-2 binds the Text property of a ComboBox,Label, and Button
ADO.NET Events
control6with
Chapter the DataTable's
- Integrating ADO.NET City, and Country columns (respectively).
LastName,
XML with
Listing 7-2: Binding Multiple Controls Using Binding
ComboBox1.DataBindings.Add
Chapter _ Data Provider
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET
Chapter(New Binding("Text",
11 - Stored ds, "Employees.LastName"))
TextBox2.DataBindings.Add
Chapter _ .NET Data Providers
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other
Chapter(New Binding("Text",
13 - Developing ds,Provider
a Custom Data "Employees.EmployeeID"))
Label4.DataBindings.Add(
New Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.City"))
Button1.DataBindings.Add(
New Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.Country"))
Understanding the BindingsCollection Class
TheBindingsCollection
Chapter class represents
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: a collection of Binding objects for a control. You access
theBindingsCollection
Appendix classSome
A - Relational Databases: through the
Basic control's DataBindings property. The
Concepts
BindingsCollection
Appendix class
B - Commonly Used SQLprovides members to add, count, and remove Binding objects to the
Statements
collection.
Appendix C Listing 7-1 Frequently
- ADO.NET and ListingAsked
7-2 used the Add method of BindingsCollection to add a Binding
Questions
object to the collection.
Index
List of Figures
TheBindingsCollection class has three properties: Count,Item, and List. The Count property
List of Tables
returns the total number of items in the collection. The Item property returns the Binding object at a
List of Listings
specified index, and the List property returns all the items in a collection as an ArrayList.
List of Sidebars
TheAdd method of BindingsCollection adds a Binding object to the collection. The Remove
method deletes a Binding object from the collection. The RemoveAt method removes a Binding
object at the specified index. The Clear method removes all the Binding objects from the collection.
Listing 7-3 counts the total number of Binding objects associated with a control and removes the
Binding objects from various controls.
Listing 7-3: Counting and Removing Binding Objects
MessageBox.Show("Total Bindings: " + _

Button1.DataBindings.Count.ToString())
TextBox1.DataBindings.RemoveAt(0)
TextBox2.DataBindings.Clear()
Note TheBindingsCollection class namespaces,
is a collectionclasses, and
of Binding objects. The index of Binding
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML th
objectsnamespaces
in a collection
andisclasses,
0 based, which
and how means the 0both
to integrate item of the collection is the first item and
with
(n-1)th item in the collection is the n th item.
ADO.NET.
Setting Binding Class Members

Table of Contents
TheBinding
Applied class provides
ADO.NETBuilding six properties:
Data-Driven BindingManagerBase,BindingMemberInfo,Control,
Solutions
DataSource,IsBinding, and PropertyName.
Introduction
BindingManagerBase represents the BindingManagerBase object, which manages the binding
between a data source and data-bound controls.
TheBindingMemberInfo Environments
property object is a BindingMemberInfo structure that contains the
information
Chapter about theADO.NET
5 - Handling binding. Events
The BindingMemberInfo structure has three properties:
BindingField,
Chapter BindingMember,
6 - Integrating and BindingPath. The BindingField property returns the data-
XML with ADO.NET
bound control's
Chapter 7 - Dataproperty name.
Binding and BindingMember
Windows returns
Forms Data-Bound the information used to specify the data-bound
Controls
control's
Chapter 8 property name,
- Constraints and
and BindingPath
Data Relations returns the property name, or the period-delimited hierarchy
of property
Chapter 9 - names,
ADO.NETthat precedes
Exception the data-bound object's property.
Handling
Listing 7-4 reads the bindings available on all the controls and displays their information by using the
BindingMemberInfo property.
Chapter
7-4: a Custom
Reading All Data Provider
the Bindings of a Form
Dim str As String
Chapter
Dim16curControl
- ASP.NET Server
As Controls
Control and Data Binding
Chapter
Dim17curBinding
As Binding
Chapter
For18Each
- Object-Relational
curControlMapping in .NET
In Me.Controls
ChapterFor
19 -Each
Mapped Objects: Performance
curBinding Considerations and Data Binding
In curControl.DataBindings
Chapter 20 - COM
Dim Interoperability
bInfo and ADO.NET
As BindingMemberInfo = _
curBinding.BindingMemberInfo
str
Chapter 22 = Server
- SQL "Control: " + curControl.Name
str
Appendix A += ", Databases:
- Relational BindingPath: " + Concepts
Some Basic bInfo.BindingPath
str
Appendix B += ", BindingField:
- Commonly " + bInfo.BindingField
Used SQL Statements
str
Appendix C += ", Frequently
- ADO.NET BindingMember: " + bInfo.BindingMember
Asked Questions
Index MessageBox.Show(str)
Next
List of Figures
curBinding
Next curControl
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
TheControl and DataSource properties return the control and data source that belong to this binding.
TheIsBinding property returns True if the binding is active; otherwise it returns False.
PropertyName returns the name of the bound control's property that can be used in data binding. Listing
7-5 displays the DataSource and PropertyName properties of a TextBox.
Listing 7-5: Reading a TextBox Control's Binding Properties
If (TextBox1.DataBindings(0).IsBinding) Then
Dim ds As DataSet = _
CType(TextBox1.DataBindings(0).DataSource, DataSet)
str = "DataSource : " + ds.Tables(0).TableName
str += ", Property Name: " + _
TextBox1.DataBindings(0).PropertyName
MessageBox.Show(str) ISBN:1590590732

In addition to the ADO.NET.
previously discussed properties, the Binding class also provides two protected
methods:OnParse and OnFormat.OnParse raises the Parse event, and OnFormat raises the Format
event. The Parse event occurs when the value of a data-bound control is changing, and the Format
Table
eventofoccurs
Contents
when the property of a control is bound to a data value. The event handler for both the
Applied
ParseADO.NETBuilding
and Format eventsData-Driven Solutions
receives an argument of type ConvertEventArgs containing data related to
this event, which has two members: DesiredType and Value.DesiredType returns the data type of
Introduction
the desired
Chapter 1 - value, andBasics
ADO.NET Value gets and sets the value of the ConvertEventArgs object.
Now let's say you want to convert text and decimal values for a Binding for a TextBox. You write the
code in Listing 7-6, where you change the Binding type and add event handlers for the Binding objects
for Format and Parse members.
Chapter
Listing67-6:
- Integrating XML with
Adding Format andADO.NET
Parse Event Handlers
Dim bind2 As Binding = New Binding _
("Text", ds, "customers.custToOrders.OrderAmount")
AddHandler bind1.Format, AddressOf DecimalToCurrencyString
Chapter 11 - Stored
AddHandler Procedures andAddressOf
bind1.Parse, Views CurrencyStringToDecimal
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers sender As Object, _
Private Sub DecimalToCurrencyString(ByVal
Chapter
ByVal 13 cevent
- Developing
As aConvertEventArgs)
ChapterIf
14 Not
- Developing Database Web Applications
cevent.DesiredType using ASP.NET
Is GetType(String) Then
Chapter 15 - Using
Exit SubADO.NET in Xml Web Services
ChapterEnd
16 -If
Chaptercevent.Value = CType(cevent.Value,
17 - Building Real-World Web Applications Decimal).ToString("c")
End Sub
Private
Chapter 19 -Sub CurrencyStringToDecimal(ByVal
Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations andsender As Object, _
Data Binding
ByVal cevent As ConvertEventArgs)
ChapterIf
21 Not cevent.DesiredType Is GetType(Decimal) Then
- Messaging
Exit Sub
End If
cevent.Value = Decimal.Parse(cevent.Value.ToString, _
NumberStyles.Currency, Nothing)
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List ofNote
Listings
This listing uses the Customers table instead of Employees because the Employees table
List of Sidebars
doesn't have any decimal data. If you want to use the Employees table, you could convert a Date
type to a String type.
Note To test this code, you need to create a DataSet from the Employees table of the Northwind
database and use it as a data source when constructing a Binding object. Also, don't forget to
add a reference to the System.Globalization namespace because the NumberStyle
enumeration is defined in this namespace.
Understanding the BindingManagerBase Functionality

TheBindingManagerBase class is an abstract base class. You use its functionality through its two
derived classes: CurrencyManager and PropertyManager.
By default data-bound controls provide neither data synchronization nor the position of the current item.
TheBindingManagerBase object provides the data synchronization in Windows Forms and makes sure
that all controls on a form are updated with the correct data.
This text provides extensive Question
coverage of ADO.NET
and Answertechnology
Q: What is data synchronization?
ADO.NET.
Answers
Table of Contents
IntroductionA: Have you ever developed database applications in Visual Basic 6.0 or Microsoft
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics Classes (MFC)? In both of those languages, a data-bound control lets you
Foundation
navigate through dataStudio
from .NET
one record to another and update data in the controls
available Environments
on the form. As you move to the next record, the next row was fetched from the
Chapter 4 datainsource
- ADO.NET and every
Connected control was updated with the current row's data. This process is
Environments
Chapter 5 called
- Handling data synchronization.
ADO.NET Events
Chapter
OK, now9 let's
- ADO.NET Exception
say a form Handling
has three controls: a TextBox, a Label, and a PictureBox. All three controls
support data binding from a DataSet, .NET which
Data Provider
is filled with the data from the Employees table. The
Chapter
TextBox11 -control
Storeddisplays
Procedures and Views the Label control displays LastName, and the PictureBox
FirstName,
Chapter
control displays Photo propertiesOther
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and .NET Data
(columns) Providers
of the DataSet. All of the controls must be synchronized in
Chapter
order to13display
the correct Data Provider
first name, last name, and photo for the same employee.
CurrencyManager
Chapter accomplishes
15 - Using ADO.NET thisServices
in Xml Web synchronization by maintaining a pointer to the current item for the
list. All 16
Chapter controls are bound
- ASP.NET Serverto the current
Controls item Binding
and Data so they display the information for the same row. When the
current item changes, CurrencyManager notifies all the bound controls so that they can refresh their
data. Furthermore, you can set the Position property to specify the row in the DataSet or DataTable
to which the controls point. Figure 7-1 shows the synchronization process.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Figure 7-1: Synchronization between a data source and data-bound controls
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the BindingManagerBase Class Members
As you learned, the Binding property returns the collection of binding objects as a
BindingsCollection object that BindingManagerBase manages. Listing 7-7 creates a
BindingManagerBase object for the form and reads all of the binding controls.
Listing 7-7: Reading All Controls Participating in Data Binding
' Get the BindingManagerBase

Dim bindingBase As BindingManagerBase = _
Me.BindingContext(ds, "Employees")
Dim bindingObj As Binding
' Read each Applied
Binding ADO.NET:
objectBuilding Data-Driven
from the Solutions
collection
For Each bindingObj In bindingBase.Bindings ISBN:1590590732
MessageBox.Show(bindingObj.Control.Name)
Next bindingObj
ADO.NET.
Note To read a form's controls that are participating in data binding, you must make sure that the
form's data source and control's data source are the same.
Table of Contents
TheCount
Applied property returns
ADO.NETBuilding the total number
Data-Driven Solutionsof rows being managed by BindingManagerBase. The
Current property returns the current object, and the Position property represents (both gets and sets)
Introduction
the position
Chapter in the underlying
1 - ADO.NET Basics list to which controls bound to this data source point. We use these properties
in the following
Chapter 2 - Datasample examples.
Chapter 3 -describes
Table 7-1 ADO.NET the
in Disconnected Environments class methods.
BindingManagerBase
Chapter 5 - The
Table 7-1: Handling ADO.NET Events
BindingManagerBase Class Methods
METHOD
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and DESCRIPTION
AddNew Adds a new item to the list
10 - Working with the Cancels
CancelCurrentEdit
Chapter theData
ODBC .NET current edit operation
Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored ProceduresEnds
EndCurrentEdit and Views
the current edit operation
GetItemProperties
Chapter Returns
13 - Developing a Custom Data the list of property descriptions for the data source
Provider
RemoveAt Web the
Deletes Applications
row at theusing ASP.NET
specified index
ResumeBinding Resumes
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls anddata
Databinding
Binding
SuspendBinding Web Applications
Suspends data binding
GetListName Protected. Returns the name of the list
OnCurrentChanged and the
Raises ADO.NET
CurrentChanged event, which occurs when the bound
Chapter 21 - Messaging value changes
PullData Pulls data from the data-bound control into the data source
PushData
Appendix Pushes
B - Commonly Used SQL data from data source into the data-bound control
Statements
UpdateIsBinding Updates the binding
Index
List of Figures
Besides the properties and methods discussed previously, the BindingManagerBase class provides two
List of Tables
events: CurrentChanged and PositionChanged. The CurrentChanged event occurs when the
List of Listings
bound value changes, and the PositionChanged event occurs when the position changes.
List of Sidebars
Using CurrencyManager and PropertyManager
CurrencyManager manages a list of Binding objects on a form. It's inherited from the
BindingManagerBase class. Besides the functionality provided by indingManagerBase, the
CurrencyManager provides two members: a List property and a Refresh method. The List
property returns the list of bindings maintained by CurrencyManager as an IList object. To convert an
IList to other objects, you need to cast it with the type of the object, which must implement IList.
Some of the objects that implement IList are DataView,DataTable,DataSet,Array,ArrayList,
andCollectionBase.
You create a CurrencyManager object by using the BindingContext object, which returns either
CurrencyManager or PropertyManager, depending on the value of the data source and data
members passed to the Item property of BindingContext. If the data source is an object that can only
Applied
return a single property ADO.NET:
(instead of a Building Data-Driven
list of objects), the typeSolutions
will be PropertyManager. For example, if
you specify a TextBoxcontrol as the data source, PropertyManager ISBN:1590590732
will be returned. If the data
source is an object that implements IList,IListSource, or IBindingList, such as a DataSet,
This text or
DataTable,DataView, provides extensive
an Array, coverage of ADO.NET
CurrencyManager technology
will be returned.
You can create ainterfaces, and takes a comprehensive
CurrencyManager lookas
from objects such at aXML
DataView and vice versa. For example,
the following code creates
ADO.NET.
a CurrencyManager from a DataView and a DataView from a
CurrencyManager:
Table
Dim ofdv
Contents
As DataView
Applied
dv = ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
New DataView(ds.Tables("Customers"))
Introduction
Dim curManager1 As CurrencyManager = DataGrid1.BindingContext(dv)
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
Dim list Basics
As IList = curManager1.List
Chapter
Dim dv12 -As
Data Components
DataView = inCType(curManager1.List,
Visual Studio .NET DataView)
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET inAs
Dim curManager2 Disconnected Environments
CurrencyManager = Me.BindingContext(ds1)
Unlike CurrencyManager,PropertyManager doesn't provide any additional members besides the
members provided by its base class, BindingManagerBase.
Understanding
Chapter 9 BindingContext
Each object inherited from the Control class has a BindingContext object attached to it.
BindingContext manages the collection of BindingManagerBase objects for that object such as a
form. The BindingContext creates the CurrencyManager and PropertyManager objects, which
were discussed previously. Normally you use the Form class's BindingContext to create a
Chapter 14 - Developingand
CurrencyManager Database Web Applications
PropertyManager forusing ASP.NET
a form and its controls, which provide data
Chapter 15 - Using
synchronization. ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
TheItem
Chapter 17 property
- Buildingof BindingContext
Real-World returns the BindingManagerBase (either
Web Applications
CurrencyManager
Chapter or PropertyManager).
18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET The Contains methods returns True if it contains the
specified
Chapter 19BindingManagerBase.
Besides the Item and Contains members, the BindingContext has three protected methods: Add,
Clear, and Remove. The Add method adds a BindingManagerBase to the collection, the Clear
Chapter
method22removes
- SQL Server andin
all items ADO.NET: Notes on
the collection, andPerformance
the Remove method deletes the BindingManagerBase
Appendix
associated with the specified data source. Concepts
A - Relational Databases: Some Basic
Building a Record Navigation System
Index
List
Now of let's
Figures
see data binding in action. In this section, you'll develop an application that provides data
List of Tables
synchronization. In this application, you'll build a record navigation system. The controls will display
List of Listings
records, and then when you click the Move Next, Move Last, Move Previous, and Move First buttons, the
List of Sidebars
controls will display the respective records.
To begin, create a Windows application and design a form that looks like Figure 7-2. For this example, you
don't have to place the ReadBindingMemberInfo and Remove controls. Add a ComboBox control, two
TextBox controls, a ListBox control, some Label controls, and some Button controls. The Load
Data button loads data to the controls and attaches Binding objects to the BindingContext. You
should also add four buttons with brackets as the text (<<, <, >, >>), which represents the Move First, Move
Previous, Move Next, and Move Last records.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 7-2: Record navigation form
Chapter 6 You
Note - Integrating XML
can create withown
your ADO.NET
form, but to save you some time, you can download the code from the
Chapter 7 Apress
- Data Binding and Windows
(www.apress.com) or Forms Data-Bound
C# Corner Controls
(www.c-sharpcorner.com) Web sites. Open the project
Chapter 8 in
- Constraints and.NET
Visual Studio Data(VS
Relations
.NET) to understand it better.
As usual,
Chapter 10 first you add
- Working some
with variables
the ODBC .NETtoData
the project,
Provider which shown in Listing 7-8. Don't forget to change
your server
Chapter name; Procedures
11 - Stored the server name in this example is MCB.
and Views
Listing 7-8: Record Navigation System Variables
Private conn As SqlConnection = Nothing
Private sql As String = Nothing
Private adapter As SqlDataAdapter = Nothing
Private ds As DataSet = Nothing
Second,Ayou
Appendix call the LoadData
- Relational Databases: method on the
Some Basic Load Data button click:
Concepts
Appendix
Private C -Sub
LoadBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Index
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles LoadBtn.Click
List of Figures
LoadData()
List
End of Tables
Sub
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 7-9 shows the LoadData and GetDataSet methods. The GetDataSet method returns a
DataSet object from the table name passed in the method. The LoadData method creates bindings for
these controls with different DataTable columns.
Listing 7-9: LoadData and GetDataSet Methods
Private Sub LoadData()

ds = GetDataSet("Employees")
Dim bind1 As Binding
bind1 = New Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.FirstName")
TextBox1.DataBindings.Add(bind1)
TextBox2.DataBindings.Add _ Data-Driven Solutions
(New Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.LastName")) Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
ComboBox1.DataBindings.Add _ pages)
This text providesds,
(New Binding("Text", extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
"Employees.EmployeeID"))
Label4.DataBindings.Add(New Binding("Text", namespaces, classes, andds, "Employees.City"))
Button1.DataBindings.Add(New
namespaces and classes, and how Binding("Text", ds, "Employees.Country"))
ListBox1.DataSource
ADO.NET. = ds.Tables(0).DefaultView
ListBox1.DisplayMember = "Title"
End Sub
Table of Contents
' object based on various parameters.
Applied
Public ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven SolutionstableName As String) As DataSet
Function GetDataSet(ByVal
Introduction
sql = "SELECT * FROM " + tableName
Chapterds1 =- ADO.NET Basics
New DataSet(tableName)
Chapterconn
2 - Data Components
= New in Visual Studio .NET
SqlConnection()
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected=Environments
ConnectionString
Chapteradapter = New
4 - ADO.NET SqlDataAdapter(sql,
in Connected Environments conn)
Chapteradapter.Fill(ds,
5 - Handling ADO.NETtableName)
Events
ChapterReturn ds
End Function
The previously discussed steps will load the first row from the Employees table to the controls. Now, the
next step is to write code for the move buttons. Listing 7-10 shows the code for all four buttons-Move First,
Move Next, SQLXML, and
Move Previous, and Move
Other Last.
.NET Data
As youProviders
can see, this code uses the Position and Count
Chapter 13 -ofDeveloping
properties a Custom Data Provider
BindingManagerBase to set the position of the new record. Binding-Context and other
Chapter
Binding14 -objects
Developing Database
manage Web Applications
everything for you underusing
theASP.NET
hood.
Listing16
Chapter 7-10: Move Next,
- ASP.NET ServerMove Previous,
Controls and DataMove First, and Move Last Button Code
Binding
Chapter
Private18 -Sub
MoveFirstBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal19 -eMapped Objects: Performance Considerations
As System.EventArgs) and Data Binding
Handles MoveFirstBtn.Click
ChapterMe.BindingContext(Me.ds,
"Employees").Position = 0
End Sub
Private
Appendix A -Sub MovePrevBtn_Click(ByVal
Relational sender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Appendix B -eCommonly
As System.EventArgs)
Used SQL StatementsHandles MovePrevBtn.Click
Dim
Appendix C -idx As Int32
ADO.NET = _
Index
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Position
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Position = idx - 1
List of Figures
End Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
Private Sub MoveNextBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List of Sidebars
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MoveNextBtn.Click
Dim idx As Int32 = _
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Position
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Position = idx + 1
End Sub
Private Sub MoveLastBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MoveLastBtn.Click
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Position = _
Me.BindingContext(Me.ds, "Employees").Count - 1
End Sub
When you run your by application,
Mahesh Chand theand
firstDavid Talbot
record looks like Figure 7-3. Clicking the Move First, Move Next,
ISBN:1590590732
Move Previous, andApress
Move Last(928
2003 buttons
pages) will navigate you through the first, next, previous, and last records
of the table (respectively).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 7-3: Record navigation system in action
Question and Answer
Chapter 15 -Q: When
Using I click the
ADO.NET move
in Xml buttons,
Web ServicesI don't see the pointer in the ListBox moving. Why
not? Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter 18 Answers
A: TheListBox control doesn't use the same binding method as simple data-bound
controls such as TextBox or Label controls. We discuss this in the following section.
You just saw how to implement a record navigation system using simple data binding and simple data-
Index
bound
List controls. In the following section, we show you how to build a record navigation system using
of Figures
complex data-bound controls such as ListBox and DataGrid controls.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Complex
Applied ADO.NET:Data-Bound Controls
Unlike simple data-bound controls,
Apress 2003 the complex data-bound controls can display a set of data such as a
(928 pages)
single column or This
a collection of columns. The
text provides extensive controlsofsuch
coverage as DataGrid
ADO.NET technologyare even able to display data
from multiple tables
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andcontrols usually use their Text
of a database. Whereas the simple data-bound
interfaces,
properties for binding, and data-bound
complex takes a comprehensive look
controls use at XML
their DataSource and DataMember properties.
ADO.NET.
In the following sections, we discuss some of the common complex data-bound controls such as the
ComboBox,ListBox, and DataGrid.
Table of Contents
The Role of Control Class in Data Binding
Introduction
TheControl
Chapter 1
class is the mother of all Windows controls. This class's basic functionality is required by
- ADO.NET Basics
visual Windows controls that are available from the Toolbox or through other wizards. The Control class
handles user input through the keyboard, the mouse, and other pointing devices. It also defines the
position and size of controls; however, it doesn't implement painting.
If you count ADO.NET
the Control classEvents
members, you'll find that this class is one of the biggest classes available
in the .NET Framework Library. In ADO.NET
the following sections, you'll explore some of the data-binding
Chapter 7 - Data
functionality Binding and
implemented byWindows Forms Data-Bound Controls
this class.
TheControl
Chapter 9
class provides two important and useful properties, which play a vital role in the data-
binding process. These properties are BindingContext and DataBinding. The BindingContext
property represents the BindingContext attached to a control. As discussed earlier, BindingContext
returns a single BindingManagerBase object for all data-bound controls. The BindingManagerBase
object provides the synchronization for all data-bound controls. The Control class also implements the
DataSourceChanged event, which raises when the data source of a control is changed. We discuss this
event in more detail shortly.
Using the ListControl Class
TheListControl Mapping
class is the in .NET
base class for ListBox and ComboBox controls and implements the
Chapter 19 - Mapped
data-binding Objects:
functionality. Performance
The Considerations
ListControl and Data
class provides fourBinding
data-binding properties: DataManager,
Chapter 20 - COM
DataSource, Interoperability and
DisplayMember, andADO.NET
ValueMember.
TheDataManager
Chapter (read-only)
22 - SQL Server property
and ADO.NET: returns
Notes the CurrencyManager object associated with a
on Performance
ListControl
Appendix class.Databases: Some Basic Concepts
A - Relational
TheDataSource property (both get and set) represents the data source for a ListControl class.
Index
TheDisplayMember (both get and set) represents a string, which specifies the property of a data source
whose
List contents you want to display. For example, if you want to display the data of a DataTable's Name
of Figures
column
List in a ListBox control, you set DisplayMember ="Name".
of Tables
List of Listings
TheValueMember (both get and set) property represents a string, which specifies the property of the
List of Sidebars
data source from which to draw the value. The default value of this property is an empty string ("").
You'll see how to use these properties in the following samples.
ListControl DataBinding-Related Events

Besides the BindingContextChanged event, the ListControl class implements three data-binding
events:OnDataSourceChanged,OnDisplayMemberChanged, and OnValueMemberChanged. The
OnDataSourceChanged method raises the DataSourceChanged event. This event occurs when the
DataSource property of a ListControl class is changed. The OnDisplayMemberChanged method
raises the DisplayMemberChanged event, which occurs when the DisplayMember property of the
control changes. The OnValueMemberChanged method raises the ValueMemberChanged event,
which occurs when the ValueMember property of the control changes.
These events arebyuseful
Mahesh Chand
when yourand David Talbot
program needs a notification when any of these events occur. Listing
ISBN:1590590732
Apress
7-11 attaches these events with
2003 event
(928 pages)handlers. The code also shows the handler methods, which will be
called when the event occurs.
interfaces,
Listing 7-11: Adding and takes
a ListBox a comprehensive
Control look at XML
Event Handler
ADO.NET.
' Bind data with controls
Private Sub BindListControls()
Table of Contents
ComboBox1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
AppliedComboBox1.DisplayMember
= "EmployeeID"
Introduction
ListBox1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ChapterListBox1.DisplayMember
1 - ADO.NET Basics = "FirstName"
ChapterListBox2.DataSource
= ds.Tables(0)
ChapterListBox2.DisplayMember = "LastName"
ChapterListBox3.DataSource
4 - ADO.NET in Connected=Environments
ds.Tables(0)
ChapterListBox3.DisplayMember
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events = "Title"
End6 Sub
Private
Chapter 7 - DataSub ComboDataSourceChangedMethod(ByVal
Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls sender As Object, _
ByVal cevent As EventArgs)
Handles ListBox1.DataSourceChanged
MessageBox.Show("Data Source changed")
End Sub
Private Sub DisplayMemberChangedMethod(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal cevent As EventArgs) Handles ListBox1.DisplayMemberChanged
MessageBox.Show("Display Member changed")
Chapter
End13Sub- Developing a Custom Data Provider
Chapter 14
Private - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NETsender As Object, _
Sub ValueMemberChangedMethod(ByVal
ByVal cevent As EventArgs)in Xml Web Services
Handles ListBox1.ValueMemberChanged
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Value
Member changed")
Chapter 17
End Sub - Building Real-World Web Applications
Private Mapping in .NET
Sub BindingContextChangedMethod(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal
Chapter 19 -cevent As EventArgs)
Mapped Objects: PerformanceHandles ListBox1.BindingContextChanged
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Binding Context changed")
End21Sub
Chapter - Messaging
To raise these events, just change the value of the ListBox properties (see Listing 7-12).
Index
Listing 7-12: RaisingListBox Events
List of Figures
List of Tables
Private Sub ListChangedEvents_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List of Listings
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ListChangedEvents.Click
List of Sidebars
Dim custDataSet As DataSet = New DataSet()
sql = "SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, City FROM Customers"
custDataSet = New DataSet("Customers")
conn = New SqlConnection()
adapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
adapter.Fill(custDataSet, "Customers")
ListBox1.DataSource = custDataSet.Tables(0)
ListBox1.DisplayMember = "ContactName"
ListBox1.ValueMember = "ContactName"
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
End Sub
Data Binding in ComboBox
including and
ADO.NET internals, ListBox
namespaces, Controls
classes, and
namespaces
Now you'll learn how and classes,
to use complex dataand how in
binding to a
integrate
ComboBoxboth and
witha ListBox control. Unlike simple
ADO.NET.
data-bound controls, complex data-bound controls maintain the default binding synchronization. For
instance, if you bind a data source with a ListBox and a ComboBox control, and then move from one
item of
Table to Contents
another in a control, you can see the selection change in the second control respective to the item
you select in the first control.
Introduction
To prove this theory, you'll create a Windows application with a ComboBox and three ListBox controls.
Chapter 1 form
The final - ADO.NET Basics
looks like Figure 7-4.
Chapter 16 - 7-4:
Figure ASP.NET Serverand
ListBox Controls and Data
ComboBox Binding
data-binding form
As usual,
Chapter 18 you load data in theMapping
- Object-Relational in .NETevent. Listing 7-13 shows the event handler code, where you
Form_Load
call the19
Chapter FillDataSet and BindListControl
- Mapped Objects: methods.
Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Listing 7-13: The Form Load Event Handler
Private
Appendix A -Sub Form1_Load(ByVal
Relational sender
Databases: Some Basic As System.Object, _
Concepts
ByVal
Appendix B -eCommonly
Used SQL StatementsHandles MyBase.Load
FillDataSet()
Index BindListControls()
End Sub
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
The ofFillDataSet
Sidebars method simply opens the connection and fills data in a DataSet.Listing 7-14 shows
this method.
Listing 7-14: The FillDataSet Method
' Fill DataSEt

Private Sub FillDataSet()
ds = New DataSet()
sql = "SELECT * FROM Employees"
ds = New DataSet("Employees")
Applied ADO.NET:
adapter.Fill(ds, Building Data-Driven Solutions
"Employees")
by Mahesh
conn.Close() Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
conn.Dispose() 2003 (928 pages)
ADO.NET.
TheBindListControls method is where you bind the ComboBox and ListBox controls. Listing 7-15
shows the BindListControls method. As you can see, this code binds the ComboBox to the
Table of Contents
EmployeeID column and binds the three ListBox controls to the FirstName,LastName, and Title
columns.
Introduction
Listing17-15:
Chapter Binding
- ADO.NET ListBox and ComboBox Controls
Basics
Chapter
' Bind 3 data
- ADO.NET
within controls
Chapter
Private4 -Sub
BindListControls()
ChapterComboBox1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ChapterComboBox1.DisplayMember = "EmployeeID"
ChapterListBox1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ChapterListBox1.DisplayMember = "FirstName"
ChapterListBox2.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ListBox2.DisplayMember = "LastName"
ListBox3.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ListBox3.DisplayMember = "Title"
End Sub
Chapter 16 the
If you run - ASP.NET Server
application Controls
and select and
any Data Binding
record in the ComboBox or ListBox controls, you'll see that the
other controls select the correct value. For instance, if you select the sixth record in the ComboBox, all of
theListBox
Chapter controls reflect Mapping
18 - Object-Relational this choice (see Figure 7-5).
in .NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 7-5: Data synchronization in ComboBox and ListBox controls
Data Binding in a DataGrid Control

TheDataGrid control is much more powerful than any other data-bound control. It's also capable of
displaying data relations. A DataGrid control displays data in a tabular, scrollable, and editable grid. Like
other data-bound controls, a DataGrid control can display data from various sources with the help of its
DataSource property. The DataSource property can be a DataTable,DataView,DataSet, or
DataViewManager.
When a DataSet byorMahesh
a DataViewManager contains data from
Chand and David Talbot more than one table, you can specify what
ISBN:1590590732
table you want toApress
display in the(928
2003 DataGrid
pages) property by using the DataMember property. For example, let's
say you have a DataSet that contains
This text provides two tables-Customers
extensive coverage of ADO.NET and Orders. By default, if you bind a
technology
including
DataSet, it'll display dataADO.NET
from bothinternals, namespaces,
tables. But if you wantclasses, and data from the Customers table only,
to display
interfaces,
you need to set the DataMemberand takes a comprehensive
property look
to the table's at XML
name. Listing 7-16 sets the DataSource and
DataMember properties
ADO.NET.
of a DataGrid.
Listing 7-16: Setting the DataSource and DataMember Properties of a DataGrid Control
Table of Contents
Applied
ds = ADO.NETBuilding
New DataSet() Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
sql = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
ds = New Basics
DataSet()
Chapter
adapter2 -=Data
NewComponents in Visual Studio .NET
SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
adapter.Fill(ds)
Chapter = dsEnvironments
4 - ADO.NET in Connected
DataGrid1.DataMember
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET=Events
"Customers"
You can also set the DataSource and DataMember properties by using the DataGrid control's
SetDataBinding method. This method takes the first argument as a dataSource and the second
argument as a dataMember. Typically, a data source is a DataSet, and the dataMember is the name of
Chapter
a table 11 - StoredinProcedures
available and Views
the DataSet. The following code shows how to call the SetDataBinding method of
aDataGrid control: SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
DataGrid1.SetDataBinding(ds, "Customers")
You'll use
Chapter 17 -the
Building control
Real-World
DataGrid Weband its members throughout this chapter.
Applications
Deleting Data Binding
Chapter 21 -data
Removing Messaging
binding from a data-bound control is simple. The following code snippet deletes data
binding22
Chapter from a DataGrid
- SQL Server and control:
DataGrid1.DataSource Statements
= null;
DataGrid1.DataMember Asked Questions
= "";
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The DataGrid: Super
Applied Data-Bound
ADO.NET: Control
TheDataGrid control
Apressis one
2003 of the
(928 most flexible and versatile controls in Windows Forms. In this section,
pages)
we discuss someThis
of the DataGrid functionality.
TheDataGrid class represents
interfaces, the DataGrid
and takes controllook
a comprehensive in Windows
at XML Forms. Before writing any code, you'll
learn about the DataGrid
namespacesclass
and properties
classes, andand
howmethods. Figure
to integrate both7-6 shows a DataGrid's parent items
with
and background,ADO.NET.
and Figure 7-7 shows some of the DataGrid parts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 10 - 7-6: Thewith
Working the ODBCparent
DataGrid's itemsProvider
.NET Data and background
Index
Figure 7-7: TheDataGrid's parts
List of Figures
List of Tables
Understanding the DataGrid Class Members
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Like all other Windows controls, the DataGrid inherits from the Control class, which means that the
data-binding functionality defined in the Control class is available in the DataGrid control. Besides the
hundreds of members implemented in theControl class, the DataGrid provides many more members.
Table 7-2 describes the DataGrid class properties.
Table 7-2: The DataGrid Class Properties
AllowNavigation Indicates whether navigation is allowed. True or false. Both get
and set.
Indicates
AllowSortingApplied ADO.NET: whether
Building sorting isSolutions
Data-Driven allowed. True or false. Both get and
set.
Apress 2003 (928Background
AlternatingBackColor pages) color of alternative rows.
BackColor including ADO.NETBackground color of the grid.
namespaces andColor
BackgroundColor of the
classes, and nonrow area of the
how to integrate grid.
both withThis is the background color
ADO.NET. if the grid has no rows.
BorderStyle Style of the border.
Table of Contents
CaptionBackColor Background color of caption.
CaptionFont
Introduction Font of caption.
CaptionForeColor Foreground color of caption.
CaptionText
Chapter Caption
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected text.
Environments
CaptionVisible Indicates whether caption is visible.
ColumnHeadersVisible
Chapter Indicates whether column headers are visible.
CurrentCell Returns current selected cell.
CurrentRowIndex
Chapter Index of the selected row.
DataMember .NET Data the
Represents Provider
data sources among multiple data sources. If
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures andthere's
Views only one data source, such as a DataTable or a
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET with
DataSet DataaProviders
single table, there's no need to set this property.
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data
Both Provider
get and set.
DataSource Represents the data source such as a DataSet, a DataTable,
or Ilist.
FirstVisibleColumn
Chapter Index
17 - Building Real-World Web of the first visible column.
Applications
FlatMode FlatMode. Type of FlatMode enumeration.
ForeColor
Chapter Foreground
20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET color.
GridLineColor Color of grid lines.
A - Relational Databases: Style
GridLineStyle
Appendix Someof gridConcepts
Basic lines.
HeaderBackColor Background color of column headers.
HeaderFont
Index Font of column headers.
ListHeaderForeColor
of Figures Foreground color of column headers.
List of Tables
ListItem
of Listings Value of the specified cell.
ListLinkColor
of Sidebars Color of the text that you can click to navigate to a child table.
LinkHoverColor Link color changes to when the mouse moves over it.
ParentRowBackColor Background color of parent rows. Parent rows are rows that allow
you to move to child tables.
ParentRowForeColor Foreground color of parent rows.
ParentRowLabelStyle Label style of parent rows.
ParentRowsVisible Indicates whether parent rows are visible.
PreferredColumnWidth Default width of columns in pixel.
PreferredRowHeight Default
Applied ADO.NET: heightData-Driven
Building of rows in pixels.
Solutions
ReadOnly by Mahesh Chand and David
Indicates Talbot grid is readISBN:1590590732
whether only.
RowHeaderVisible Indicates
This text provides whether
extensive rowofheader
coverage is visible.
ADO.NET technology
RowHeaderWidth Widtha of
interfaces, and takes row headers.look at XML
comprehensive
SelectionBackColor
ADO.NET.
Background color of selected rows.
SelectionForeColor Foreground color of selected rows.
Table of Contents
TableStyles Table style. DataGridTableStyle type.
VisibleColumnCount Total number of visible columns.
Introduction
VisibleRowCount Total number of visible rows.
HorizScrollBar Protected. Returns the horizontal scroll bar of the grid.
4 - ADO.NET in ConnectedProtected.
VertScrollBar
Chapter Returns the horizontal scroll bar of the grid.
Environments
ListManager Protected. Returns the CurrencyManager of the grid.
Chapter 7
Table 7-3 -describes
the DataGrid class methods.
Chapter 9 - The
Table 7-3: ADO.NET Exception
DataGrid Handling
Class Methods
METHOD
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views DESCRIPTION
BeginEdit Starts the editing operation
BeginInit
Chapter Begins theusing
14 - Developing Database Web Applications initialization
ASP.NETof grid that is used on a form or
used by other components
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Collapses
Collapse Data Binding
children if a grid has parent and child
relationship nodes expanded
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: PerformanceEnds the editingand
operation
EndEdit Considerations Data Binding
EndInit Ends grid initialization
Expand Expands children if grid has children in a parent/child
relation
GetCurrentCellBounds Returns a rectangle that specifies the four corners of the
selected cell
Index
HitTest Gets information when clicking on the grid
List of Figures
ListIsExpanded
of Tables True if node of the specified row is expanded; otherwise
List of Listings false
ListIsSelected
of Sidebars True if specified row is selected; otherwise false
NavigateBack Navigates to the table previously displayed in the grid
NavigateTo Navigates to the table specified by the row and relation
name
ResetAlternatingBackColor Resets the AlternatingBackColor property to the
default color
ResetBackColor Resets background color to default
ResetGridLineColor Resets grid lines color to default
ResetHeaderBackColor Resets header background to default
ResetHeaderFont ResetsData-Driven
Applied ADO.NET: Building header font Solutions
to default
ResetHeaderForeColor Talbot
Resets ISBN:1590590732
header foreground color to default
ResetLinkColor Resets
This text provides extensive link color
coverage to default
ResetSelectionBackColor Resets selection
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive background
look at XML color to default
ResetSelectionForeColor
ADO.NET.
Resets selection foreground color to default
Select Selects a specified row
Table of Contents
SetDataBinding Sets the DataSource and DataMember properties
UnSelect Unselects a specified row
Introduction
Chapter
Besides2 the
- Data Components
methods in Visual
described Studio
in Table 7-3,.NET
the DataGrid class provides some protected methods (see
Table 7-4).
Chapter 5 - The
Table 7-4: Handling ADO.NET
DataGrid Events
Class Protected Methods
PROTECTED METHOD DESCRIPTION
CancelEditing Cancels the current edit operation and rolls back
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling all changes
GridHScrolled Listens for the horizontal scroll bar's scroll event
GridVScrolled Listens for the vertical scroll bar's scroll event
OnBackButtonClicked Listens for the caption's Back button clicked event
OnBorderStyleChanged
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services Raises the BorderStyleChanged event
OnCaptionVisibleChanged Raises the CaptionVisibleChanged event
OnDataSourceChanged
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET Raises the DataSourceChanged event
OnFlatModeChanged Raises the FlatModeChanged event
OnNavigate
Chapter 21 - Messaging Raises the Navigate event
OnParentRowsLabelStyleChanged Raises the ParentRowsLabelStyleChanged
event
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions Raises the ParentRowsVisibleChanged
OnParentRowsVisibleChanged
Appendix
Index event
ListOnReadOnlyChanged
of Figures Raises the ReadOnlyChanged event
List of Tables
OnRowHeaderClick Raises the RowHeaderClick event
List of Listings
ListOnScroll
of Sidebars Raises the Scroll event
OnShowParentDetailsButtonClicked Raises the ShowParentDetailsButtonClick
event
ProcessGridKey Processes keys for grid navigation
ProcessTabKey Gets a value indicating whether the Tab key
should be processed
ResetSelection Turns off selection for all rows that are selected
Exploring the DataGrid
Applied HelperData-Driven
ADO.NET: Building ObjectsSolutions
TheDataGrid class comes with 13 helper objects (classes, structures, and enumerations). What do we
mean by helper classes? Helper classes provide simple methods to access some of the more
This of
complicated aspects text provides
the extensive
DataGrid class.coverage of ADO.NET
These helper technology
objects are DataGrid.HitTestInfo, the
DataGrid.HitTestType enumeration, DataGridBoolColumn,
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML the DataGridCell structure,
DataGridColumnStyle,
namespaces DataGridColumnStyle.CompModSwitches,
and classes, and how to integrate both with the
ADO.NET.
DataGridColumnStype.DataGridColumnHeaderAccessibleObject DataGridLineStyle
enumeration, the DataGridParentRowsLabelStyle enumeration,
DataGridPreferredColumnWidthTypeConverter,DataGridTableStyle,DataGridTextBox,
Table of Contents
andDataGridTextBoxColumn. We discuss some of these objects in the following section. You'll see
the rest of them later in this chapter.
Introduction
Understanding
Chapter the inDataGrid
2 - Data Components Visual Studio and
.NET DataGrid Column Styles
TheDataGrid control hides much more functionality in it. Not only can it display data and data relations,
it also provides functionality to customize its styles including color, text, caption, and font. The
TableStyles ADO.NET
property Events opens the door for formatting a grid and its columns. The
of DataGrid
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML
GridStyles property returns anwith ADO.NET
object of GridTableStyleCollection, which is a collection of
DataGridTableStyle. and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
DataGridTableStyle
Chapter represents
9 - ADO.NET Exception the style of a DataTable that can be viewed in the grid area of a
Handling
DataGrid.
Chapter The GridTableStyles
10 - Working with the ODBC .NETclass
Dataof DataGridTableStyle represents a collection of
Provider
DataGridColumnStyle.Figure 7-8 represents the relationship between the DataGrid-related style
objects. We discuss these objects in more detail in the following sections.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Figure 7-8: DataGrid-related style objects
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Before you see these objects in action, you'll look at these object classes and their members briefly.
Using the DataGridTableStyle Class

TheDataGridTableStyle object customizes the grid style for each DataTable in a DataSet.
However, the DataGridTableStyle name is a little misleading. From its name, you would probably
think the DataGridTableStyle represents the style of a DataGridTable such as its color, text, and
font. Correct? Actually, DataGridTableStyle represents the grid itself. Using DataGridTableStyle,
you can set the style and appearance of each DataTable, which is being displayed by the DataGrid. To
specify which DataGridTableStyle is used when displaying data from a particular DataTable, set the
MappingName to the TableName of a DataTable. For example, if a DataTable'sTableName is
Customers, you set MappingName to the following:
DataGridTableStyle.Mapping="Customers"
TheDataGridTableStyle class provides similar properties and methods to those in the DataGrid
This text
class. Some of these provides
properties extensive
are coverage of
AllowSorting, ADO.NET technology
AlternativeBackColor, BackColor,
ColumnHeaderVisible, ForeColor, and GridColumnStyle.
Using the GridColumnStyles
ADO.NET. Property
TheGridColumnStyles property returns a collection of columns available in a DataGridTableStyle
Table
as a of Contents
GridColumnStylesCollection, which is a collection of DataGridColumnStyle objects. By
Applied
defaultADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
all columns are available Solutions
through this property.
Introduction
Using1 the
Chapter GridTableStyleCollection
- ADO.NET Basics Members
TheGridTableStyleCollection is a collection of DataGridTableStyle. The TableStyle
property of DataGrid represents and returns a collection of DataGridTableStyle objects as a
GridTableStylesCollection object.
Chapter
Tip6DataGridTableStyle
is useful when it comes to managing a DataGrid's style
Chapter 7programmatically.
- Data Binding and
OneWindows
of the Forms Data-Bound
real-world usages Controls
of DataGridTableStyle is when you need to
Chapter 8change
the column Relations
styles of a DataGrid or want to move columns from one position to another
Chapter 9programmatically.
Unlike other
Chapter collection
11 - Stored objects,and
Procedures by Views
default the GridTableStylesCollection doesn't contain any
DataGridTableStyle
Chapter objects.
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, You .NET
and Other needData
to add DataGridTableStyle objects to the collection. By
Providers
default a DataGrid displays default settings such as color, text, font, width, and formatting. By default all
columns of DataTable are displayed.
Constructing and Adding a DataGridStyle
Chapter 17 -learn
You'll now Building
howReal-World
to create aWeb Applications
DataGridTableStyle object and add it to the DataGrid's
DataGridTableStyle MappingListing
collection. in .NET7-17 creates a DataGridTableStyle, set its properties, and
adds two
Chapter 19 columns:
- Mapped a Boolean
Objects: and a text box
Performance column. The
DataGridBookColumn class represents a
Boolean
Chapter 20column with check boxes,
- COM Interoperability andand the DataGridTextBoxColumn represents a text box column.
ADO.NET
(We discuss
Chapter these classes in the following sections.)
21 - Messaging
Listing 7-17: Creating and Adding a DataGridTableStyle
Private
Appendix C -Sub AddDataGridStyleMethod()
Index ' Create a new DataGrudTableStyle
Dim dgTableStyle As New DataGridTableStyle()
List of Figures
dgTableStyle.MappingName = "Customers"
List of Tables
dgTableStyle.BackColor = Color.Gray
List of Listings
dgTableStyle.ForeColor = Color.Wheat
List of Sidebars
dgTableStyle.AlternatingBackColor = Color.AliceBlue
dgTableStyle.GridLineStyle = DataGridLineStyle.None
' Add some columns to the style
Dim boolCol As New DataGridBoolColumn()
boolCol.MappingName = "boolCol"
boolCol.HeaderText = "boolCol Text"
boolCol.Width = 100
' Add column to GridColumnStyle
dgTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(boolCol)
' Text column
Dim TextCol As New DataGridTextBoxColumn()
TextCol.MappingName = "Name"
TextCol.HeaderText = "Name Text"
Applied=ADO.NET:
TextCol.Width 200 Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand and
' Add column to GridColumnStyle David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
dgTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(TextCol)
' Add DataGridTableStyle to coverage of ADO.NET technology
the collection
DataGrid1.TableStyles.Add(dgTableStyle) namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table
You of
canContents
even create a DataGridTableStyle from a CurrencyManager.Listing 7-18 creates a
DataGridTableStyle Solutions
from a CurrencyManager and adds it the collection.
Introduction
Listing17-18:
Chapter Creating
- ADO.NET a DataGridTableStyle from CurrencyManager
Basics
Chapter
Private3 -Sub
CreateNewDGTableStyle()
ChapterDim
4 -curManager
As CurrencyManager
ChapterDim
5 -newTableStyle As DataGridTableStyle
ChaptercurManager = XML
6 - Integrating CType
with _
ADO.NET
Chapter(Me.BindingContext(ds,
7 - Data Binding and Windows "Customers"), CurrencyManager)
ChapternewTableStyle = Data
8 - Constraints and New Relations
DataGridTableStyle(curManager)
ChapterDataGrid1.TableStyles.Add(newTableStyle)
End Sub
Using the DataGridColumnStyle Class
TheDataGridColumnStyle Web Services
represents the style of a column. You can attach a
DataGridColumnStyle to each column and Dataof Binding
a DataGrid. The DataGrid can contain different types of
columns such as a check box or a text box. As you saw earlier, a DataGridTableStyle contains a
collection
Chapter 18 of
- Object-Relational objects, which can be accessed through the GridColumnStyles
Mapping in .NET
DataGridColumnStyle
property
Chapter 19of- DataGridTableStyle. ThisConsiderations
Mapped Objects: Performance object is pretty useful
and Data and allows many formatting- and style-
Binding
related20
Chapter members. Table 7-5 describes
- COM Interoperability the DataGridColumnStyle properties.
and ADO.NET
Table 7-5:
Chapter 22 - The Server and ADO.NET: NotesProperties
SQLDataGridColumnStyle on Performance
Alignment
Appendix Alignment
C - ADO.NET Frequently of text in a column. Both get and set.
Asked Questions
Index
DataGridTableStyle Returns the DataGridTableStyle object associated with the
List of Figures
column.
List of Tables
ListHeaderText
of Listings Text of the column header. Both get and set.
ListMappingName
of Sidebars Name used to map the column style to a data member. Both get and
set.
NullText You can set the column text when the column has null values using
this property. Both get and set.
PropertyDescriptor PropertyDescriptor object that determines the attributes of data
displayed by the column. Both get and set.
ReadOnly Indicates if column is read only. Both get and set.
Width Width of the column. Both get and set.
Besides the methods described in Table 7-6, the DataGridColumnStyle class provides a method,
ResetHeaderText,Applied ADO.NET:
which Building
resets the headerData-Driven Solutions
text to its default value of null.
Table 7-6: The DataGridColumnStyle Methods
METHOD including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
DESCRIPTION
Abort namespaces andAbortsclasses, and
the how
edit to integrate both with
operation.
ADO.NET.
BeginUpdate Suspends the painting operation of the column until the
EndUpdate method is called.
Table of Contents
CheckValidDataSource If a column
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven is not mapped to a valid property of a data source, this
Solutions
Introduction
throws an exception.
ColumnStartEditing InformsDataGrid that the user has start editing the column.
Commit Completes the editing operation.
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in ConnectedNotifies
ConcedeFocus Environments
a column that it must relinquish the focus to the control it's
hosting.
Edit Prepares the cell for editing a value.
EndUpdate
Chapter Resumes the painting of columns suspended by calling the
Chapter 9 BeginUpdate method.
EnterNullValue .NET a
Enters Data Provider
DBNullValue into the column.
GetColumnValueAtRow
Chapter Returns
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other theData
.NET value in the specified row.
Providers
GetMinimumHeight Provider
Returns the minimum height of a row.
15 - Using ADO.NET in XmlReturns
GetPreferedHeight
Chapter the height used for automatically resizing columns.
Web Services
GetPreferedSize and Data
Automatic Binding
size.
Invalidate Redraws
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping the column.
in .NET
SetColumnValueAtRow Considerations
Sets a value and Data
in the specified row.Binding
SetDataGrid Sets the DataGrid to which this column belongs.
SetDataGridInColumn Sets Notes on Performance
the DataGrid for the column.
UpdateUI Updates the value of a row.
Index
Using the DataGridBoolColumn Class
List of Figures
List of Tables can contain different types of columns such as a check box or a text box. By default all
ADataGrid
columns
List are in a simple grid format. The DataGridBoolColumn class represents a Boolean column of
of Listings
aDataGrid.
List of Sidebars Each cell of a Boolean column contains a check box, which can be checked (true) or
unchecked (false). The DataGridBoolColumn class is inherited from the DataGridColumnStyle
class. Besides the functionality provided by the DataGridColumnStyle, it provides its own members.
Table 7-7 describes the DataGridBoolColumn class properties.
Table 7-7: The DataGridBoolColumn Properties

AllowNull Represents whether null values are allowed in this column or not (both get and
set)
FalseValue including ADO.NET
Represents internals,
the actual namespaces,
value of column classes,
when theand
value of column is set to
interfaces, and takes
False (both a comprehensive
get and set) look at XML
NullValue ADO.NET.
The actual value used when setting the value of the column to Value(both get
and set)
Table of Contents
TrueValue Represents the actual value of column when the value of column is set to True
(both get and set) Solutions
Introduction
Listing 27-19
Chapter creates
- Data a new DataGridBoolColum
Components in Visual Studio .NET and sets its properties.
Listing 7-19: Creating a DataGridBoolColumn
Dim dgCol
Chapter As DataGridBoolColumn
dgCol7 = -CType(dtGrid.TableStyles
Chapter _
("Customers").GridColumnStyles("Current"),
DataGridBoolColumn)
dgCol.TrueValue = True
dgCol.FalseValue = False
dgCol.NullValue = Convert.DBNull
Setting DataGrid Sorting and Navigation
By default,
Chapter 16 - navigation and sorting
ASP.NET Server is and
Controls on inData
a DataGrid.
Binding If a DataGrid is filled with data and you click the
17 - header,
DataGrid
Chapter it sorts dataWeb
Building Real-World in ascending or descending order, depending on the current state. In other
Applications
words, 18
Chapter if the data is sorted in Mapping
- Object-Relational ascending order, right-clicking the header will sort it in descending
in .NET
orderand
Chapter vice versa.
19 - Mapped You can
Objects: activate or
Performance deactivate sorting
Considerations programmatically
and Data Binding using the AllowSorting
property,
Chapter 20 which
- COMisInteroperability
a Boolean type. The
and following code shows how to set the AllowSorting property:
ADO.NET
' Allow
Chapter 22 -Sorting
SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
If (allowSortingCheckBox.Checked)
Appendix Then
dtGrid.AllowSorting
Appendix = Statements
B - Commonly Used SQL True
Else C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix
dtGrid.AllowSorting = False
Index
End If
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
Likeof the
Sidebars
AllowSorting property, the AllowNavigation property enables or disables navigation.
Setting the property to True indicates that navigation in a DataGrid is allowed and setting it to False
means that navigation is not allowed. When you change the AllowNavigation property, the
AllowNavigationChanged event is fired. Perhaps you notice in the previous samples that if a
DataSet had more than one database table, there were links to each table? When you click a table link,
theDataGrid opens that table. If AllowNavigation is False, then no links to child tables display.
Listing 7-20 uses AllowNavigation and also handles the AllowNavigationChanged event.
Listing 7-20: AllowNavigation in Action
' Change navigation using AllowNavigation property

Private Sub NavigationMenu_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles NavigationMenu.Click
' Change Applied ADO.NET:
navigation. IfBuilding Data-Driven
its true, change Solutions
it to false and
by
' vice versaMahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928 pages) = True Then
If dtGrid.AllowNavigation
dtGrid.AllowNavigation coverage of ADO.NET technology
= False
Else including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
dtGrid.AllowNavigation
namespaces and classes,=and Truehow to integrate both with
End If ADO.NET.
End Sub
TablePrivate
of Contents
Sub AllowNavigationEvent(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal Data-Driven Solutions
e As System.EventArgs) Handles dtGrid.AllowNavigationChanged
Introduction
Dim nav As Boolean = dtGrid.AllowNavigation
ChapterDim
1 -strADO.NET Basics
As String = "AllowNavigationChanged event fired. "
ChapterIf
2 (nav)
- Data Components
Then in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 str = str in+Disconnected
- ADO.NET "Navigation is allowed"
Environments
Chapter 4 NavigationMenu.Checked = True
ChapterElse
Chapter 6 str = str +XML
- Integrating "Navigation
with ADO.NET is not allowed"
Chapter 7 NavigationMenu.Checked = False
End -If
Chapter 8 Constraints and Data Relations
MessageBox.Show(str, "AllowNavigation")
End Sub
Setting DataGrid Coloring and Font Styles
Chapter 15 - Using
As mentioned, theADO.NET in Xml
DataGrid Web Services
provides properties to set the foreground and background color of almost
every part
Chapter 16 -ofASP.NET
a DataGrid
Serversuch as headers,
Controls and Data grid lines, and so on. The DataGrid also provides font
Binding
properties
Chapter 17 -toBuilding
set theReal-World
font of the Web
DataGrid. Listing 7-21 sets Font and Color properties of a DataGrid.
Applications
Listing 7-21: Using Some of the DataGrid's Color and Font Properties
' Setting
Chapter DataGrid's Color and Font properties
21 - Messaging
dtGrid.BackColor
Chapter = Color.Beige
dtGrid.ForeColor
Appendix = Color.Black
dtGrid.BackgroundColor
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL =Statements
Color.Red
dtGrid.SelectionBackColor
Appendix = Questions
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Color.Blue
dtGrid.SelectionForeColor = Color.Yellow
Index
dtGrid.GridLineColor = Color.Blue
List of Figures
dtGrid.HeaderBackColor = Color.Black
List of Tables
dtGrid.HeaderForeColor = Color.Gold
List of Listings
'dtGrid.AlternatingBackColor = Color.AliceBlue
List of Sidebars
dtGrid.LinkColor = Color.Pink
dtGrid.HeaderFont = New Font("Verdana", FontStyle.Bold)
dtGrid.Font = New Font("Verdana", 8, FontStyle.Regular)
Tip You can customize a DataGrid and allow the user to select a color and font for each part of the
DataGrid at runtime as well as at design-time using the Properties window.
Setting Caption Properties

You just saw the Font property of the DataGrid itself. The DataGrid also provides properties to set the
caption's fonts and color. For example, Listing 7-22 sets the font, background color, and foreground color
of caption of the DataGrid.
Listing 7-22: TheApress Caption
2003 (928
DataGrid's pages) Properties
dtGrid.CaptionText
interfaces,=and
"Customized DataGrid"
dtGrid.CaptionBackColor
namespaces and = System.Drawing.Color.Green
ADO.NET.
dtGrid.CaptionForeColor = System.Drawing.Color.Yellow
dtGrid.CaptionFont = New Font("Verdana", 10, FontStyle.Bold)
Table of Contents
Introduction
Seeing- DataGridTableStyle
Chapter 1ADO.NET Basics and DataGridColumnStyle in Action
A common use of DataGridColumnStyle is changing the positions of a DataGrid's columns
programmatically. In the following sections, you'll see some common usages of DataGridTableStyle
andDataGridColumnStyle.
As mentioned, XML
you'll see withreal-world
some ADO.NET uses of data-bound controls in this chapter. Specifically, you'll
learn how to add check box and text boxForms Data-Bound
columns Controls You also know that the
to a DataGrid.
Chapter 8 - Constraints property
GridColumnStyles and Datareturns a collection of DataGridTableStyle as an object of
Relations
GridColumnStyleCollection.
Chapter Using GridColumnStyleCollection you can add and remove
column10
Chapter styles to a collection.
- Working This is
with the ODBC what
.NET you'll
Data use to add new columns to a collection and attach them to
Provider
aDataGridTableStyle.
To start this application, create a Windows application and define a DataSet variable as private:
Chapter
On the 17 - Building
form's LoadReal-World
event, you Web Applications
call the CreateDataSet,DataGrid.SetDataBinding, and
FillDataGrid methods (seeMapping
Listingin7-23).
.NET
Listing20
Chapter 7-23: Form's
- COM Load Method
Chapter
Private22 -Sub
SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes
Form1_Load(ByVal on Performance
sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Basic Concepts MyBase.Load
Appendix
' BCreate
- Commonly Used SQL DataSet.
in memory Statements You can even create
Appendix
' Ca -DataSet
ADO.NET Frequently
from a Asked Questions
database
Index CreateDataSet()
' Bind DataSet to DataGrid
List of Figures
dtGrid.SetDataBinding(ds, "Employees")
List of Tables
' Fill data in DataGrid
List of Listings
FillDataGrid()
List of Sidebars
End Sub
TheCreateDataSet method in Listing 7-24 simply creates a DataSet by creating a DataTable and
adding three columns: EmployeeID (integer), Name (string), and StillWorking (Boolean). This
method also adds four rows to the DataTable and adds the DataTable to a DataSet.
Listing 7-24: The CreateDataSet Method
' Create a DataSet with two tables and populate it.

Private Sub CreateDataSet()
' Create a DataSet, add a DataTable
Applied ADO.NET:
' Add DataTable to DataSet Building Data-Driven Solutions
ds = New DataSet("ds") David Talbot
by Mahesh Chand and ISBN:1590590732
Dim EmployeeTable As DataTable = New DataTable("Employees")
' Create This text providesobjects
DataColumn extensive coverage
and addof to
ADO.NET technology
the DataTAable
including ADO.NET
Dim dtType As System.Type internals, namespaces, classes, and
dtType = namespaces
Dim EmpIDCol ADO.NET.As DataColumn = _
New DataColumn("EmployeeID", dtType)
Dim EmpNameCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn("Name")
Table ofdtType
Contents = System.Type.GetType("System.Boolean")
AppliedDim
ADO.NETBuilding
EmpStatusCol Data-Driven Solutions = New DataColumn("StillWorking", dtType)
As DataColumn
Introduction
EmployeeTable.Columns.Add(EmpIDCol)
ChapterEmployeeTable.Columns.Add(EmpNameCol)
1 - ADO.NET Basics
ChapterEmployeeTable.Columns.Add(EmpStatusCol)
Chapter'3 Add first inrecords
- ADO.NET Disconnected Environments
ChapterDim4 -row As DataRow
ADO.NET in Connected = Environments
EmployeeTable.NewRow()
Chapterrow("EmployeeID")
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events = 1001
Chapterrow("Name")
6 - Integrating=XML "Jay
with Leno"
ADO.NET
Chapterrow("StillWorking")
7 - Data Binding and Windows = FalseForms Data-Bound Controls
' Add second records
row = EmployeeTable.NewRow()
row("EmployeeID") = 1002
row("Name") = "Peter Kurten"
row("StillWorking") = True
ChapterEmployeeTable.Rows.Add(row)
Add Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
third records
Chapterrow15 -=Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls= 1003 and Data Binding
Chapterrow("Name")
17 - Building Real-World Web
= "Mockes Pope" Applications
Chapterrow("StillWorking")
= False
ChapterEmployeeTable.Rows.Add(row)
Chapter'20 Add fourth
- COM records
Chapterrow21 -=Messaging
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:= 1004 Notes on Performance
Appendixrow("Name") = "Rock Some
A - Relational Databases: Kalson" Basic Concepts
row("StillWorking")
= True
' Add the tables to the DataSet
Index
ds.Tables.Add(EmployeeTable)
List of Figures
End Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In Listing 7-25, the FillDataSet method creates a DataGridTableStyle and sets its properties. After
that, it creates two DataGridTextBoxColumns and one DataGrid-BoolColumn and sets their
properties. Also, it makes sure that the MappingName of the columns matches with the name of the
columns of the DataTable. After creating each column, you add these methods to the column collection
by using the DataGrid.GridColumnStyles.Add method. Finally, you add DataGridTableStyle to
theDataGrid by using the DataGrid.TableStyles.Add method. After doing so, the DataGrid
should have a new style with a check box and two text box columns.
Listing 7-25: The FillDataGrid Method
Private Sub FillDataGrid()

' Create a DataGridTableStyle and set its properties
Applied ADO.NET:
Dim dgTableStyle Building Data-Driven Solutions
As DataGridTableStyle = New DataGridTableStyle()
dgTableStyle.MappingNameDavid
by Mahesh Chand and Talbot
= "Employees" ISBN:1590590732
dgTableStyle.AlternatingBackColor = Color.Gray
dgTableStyle.BackColor coverage of ADO.NET technology
= Color.Black
including ADO.NET
dgTableStyle.AllowSorting = True internals, namespaces, classes, and
dgTableStyle.ForeColor
namespaces and classes, = Color.White
' Create ADO.NET.
a DataGridColumnStyle. Add it to DataGridTableStyle
Dim dgTextCol As DataGridColumnStyle = New DataGridTextBoxColumn()
dgTextCol.MappingName = "Name"
Table of Contents
dgTextCol.HeaderText = "Employee Name"
ApplieddgTextCol.Width
= 100 Solutions
Introduction
dgTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(dgTextCol)
Chapter'1 Get
- ADO.NET Basics
PropertyDescriptorCollection by calling GetItemProperties
ChapterDim
2 -pdcData As
PropertyDescriptorCollection = Me.BindingContext _
Chapter(ds, "Employees").GetItemProperties()
Chapter'Create
4 - ADO.NETa DataGrodTextBoxColu
ChapterDim
5 -dgIntCol As DataGridTextBoxColumn
Handling ADO.NET Events = _
ChapterNew
6 -DataGridTextBoxColumn(pdc("EmployeeID"),
Integrating XML with ADO.NET "i", True)
ChapterdgIntCol.MappingName
7 - Data Binding and Windows = "EmployeeID"
dgIntCol.HeaderText = "Employee ID"
dgIntCol.Width = 100
dgTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(dgIntCol)
' Add CheckBox column using DataGridCoolColumn
Dim dgBoolCol As DataGridColumnStyle = New DataGridBoolColumn()
dgBoolCol.MappingName = "StillWorking"
ChapterdgBoolCol.HeaderText
= "Boolean Column"
ChapterdgBoolCol.Width
= 100 Web Applications using ASP.NET
ChapterdgTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add(dgBoolCol)
Chapter'16 - ASP.NET
Add tableServer
style Controls and Data Binding
to DataGrid
ChapterdtGrid.TableStyles.Add(dgTableStyle)
Chapter
End18Sub- Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Seeing HitTest in Action
Appendix
You canBuse
- Commonly Used
a hit test to getSQL Statements
information about a point where a user clicks a control. There are many real-
world usages
Appendix of a hit Frequently
C - ADO.NET test. For example, say you want to display two pop-up menus when a user right-
Asked Questions
clicks a certain area on a DataGrid. One area is on the DataGrid column header; this right-click pop-
Index
up of
List menu will have options such as Sort Ascending, Sort Descending, Hide, and Find. As you can pretty
Figures
guess
List from these names, the sort menu items will sort a column's data in ascending and descending
of Tables
order,
List the Hide menu item will hide (or delete) a column, and the Find menu item will search for a keyword
of Listings
in the
List selected column.
of Sidebars
The second pop-up menu will pop up when you right-click any grid's cell. This menu will have options such
as Move First, Move Previous, Move Next, and Move Last that will allow you to move to the first, previous,
next, and last rows of a DataGrid.
Now, using only these two cases, you can find out what DataGrid part is processing the hit test action (in
other words, which one is being clicked by the user). The HitTest method of DataGrid performs a hit
test action.
Using the DataGrid.HitTestInfo Class

TheHitTest method takes a point and returns the DataGrid.HitTestInfo object, which determines
the part of a DataGrid clicked by the user. It's useful when you're designing a custom grid and want to do
Applied
different things when userADO.NET: Building
clicks different partsData-Driven Solutions
of the DataGrid.
TheDataGrid.HitTestInfo
Apress 2003 (928class
pages)has three properties: Column, Row, and Type. The Column and
Row properties represent
This text the number
provides of the coverage
extensive column and row that technology
of ADO.NET the user has clicked. The Type property
specifies the partincluding ADO.NET internals,
of the DataGrid namespaces,
that is clicked. classes, and
TheDataGrid.HitTestType enumeration is used
interfaces,
as the Type property, whichand takes a in
is defined comprehensive
Table 7-8. look at XML
ADO.NET.
Table 7-8: The DaaGrid.HitTestType Enumeration
MEMBER
Table of Contents DESCRIPTION
Caption Data-Driven
Returns True if Solutions
the caption was clicked.
Introduction
Cell1
Chapter ReturnsTrue if a cell was clicked.
- ADO.NET Basics
ColumnHeader Returnsin Visual
True if aStudio
column.NET
header was clicked.
ColumnResize
Chapter 4
- ADO.NET inRepresents
Connected the column border, the line between column headers.
Environments
Chapter
None5 - Handling ADO.NET Eventsif the background area was clicked.
ReturnsTrue
ParentRow
Chapter 7
The parent row displays information about the parent table of the currently
displayed child table.
Chapter ReturnsTrue
9 - ADO.NET Exception
RowHeader if the row header was clicked.
Handling
RowResize ReturnsTrue if the line between rows.
You can also check the Type property against the combination of DataGrid.HitTestType
enumeration members. Listing 7-26 is the mouse down event handler of a DataGrid, which tracks
Chapter
almost 14 - Developing
every portion ofDatabase Web Applications
a DataGrid and generatesusing ASP.NET when you right-click a DataGrid. Simply
a message
copy this code, right-click the DataGrid, and see it in action.
Listing17
Chapter 7-26: Seeing
- Building HitTestWeb
Real-World in Action
Applications
Chapter 19 - Mapped
' DataGrid Objects:
Mouse downPerformance Considerations and Data Binding
event handler
Chapter 20 - COM
Private Interoperability
Sub and ADO.NET
dtGrid_MouseDown(ByVal sender As Object, _
Chapter
ByVal21 -eMessaging
As System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs) Handles dtGrid.MouseDown
ChapterDim
22 -grid
As DataGrid Notes on Performance
= CType(sender, DataGrid)
Appendix
DimA -hti
As DataGrid.HitTestInfo
' BWhen
Appendix right Used
- Commonly mouse
SQL button was clicked
Statements
IfC (e.Button
Appendix = MouseButtons.Right)
- ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions Then
Index hti = grid.HitTest(e.X, e.Y)
List of Select
Figures Case hti.Type
List of Tables Case DataGrid.HitTestType.None
List of Listings
MessageBox.Show("Background")
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.Cell
List of Sidebars
MessageBox.Show("Cell - Row:" & hti.Row & ", Col: " & hti.Column)
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.ColumnHeader
MessageBox.Show("Column header " & hti.Column)
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.RowHeader
MessageBox.Show("Row header " & hti.Row)
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.ColumnResize
MessageBox.Show("Column seperater " & hti.Column)
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.RowResize
MessageBox.Show("Row seperater " & hti.Row)
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.Caption
MessageBox.Show("Caption")
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.ParentRows
MessageBox.Show("Parent row")
End Select
End If by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
End Sub Apress 2003 (928 pages)

Reshuffling DataGrid
ADO.NET. Columns
How about reshuffling or moving DataGrid columns? Reshuffling a DataGrid's columns is a simple
Table
trick.ofYou
Contents
need to find which column you want to reshuffle. You can do this by using the column name or
Applied
columnADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
index. In this sample, Solutions
you'll use the column index.
Introduction
How about
Chapter 1 - reading
ADO.NETinformation
Basics about a DataGridTableStyle and its columns? The following code
reads information
Chapter about a grid's
2 - Data Components tablesStudio
in Visual and their
.NETnames:
Dim gridStyle
Chapter Asin DataGridTableStyle
4 - ADO.NET Connected Environments
For Each
Chapter gridStyle
5 - Handling In Events
ADO.NET DataGrid1.TableStyles
infoStr
Chapter = "Table
6 - Integrating XMLName: " + gridStyle.MappingName
with ADO.NET
Dim colStyle
Chapter 7
As DataGridColumnStyle
For Each colStyle In gridStyle.GridColumnStyles
infoStr = "Column: " + colStyle.MappingName
Next
Next
Let's see
Chapter 13 this in action. aCreate
- Developing Customa Windows application, add a DataGrid control, two Button controls, two
Data Provider
Label14
Chapter controls, two TextBox
- Developing Databasecontrols, and a ListBox
Web Applications control. Next, set their properties and positions.
using ASP.NET
The final
Chapter 15form looks
- Using like Figure
ADO.NET 7-9.
in Xml WebAsServices
you can see, to exchange two columns, you enter column index in
both text
Chapter 16boxes and click
- ASP.NET theControls
Server Exchangeand Columns button.
Data Binding
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 7-9: Column reshuffling form
Now let's write the code. As usual, you first define some variables:
' Developer defined variables

Next, add a new method
Apress called FillDataGrid,
2003 (928 pages) which fills the DataGrid from the Customers table of
the Northwind database.
This textYou call the
provides coverage ofmethod
FillDataGrid
extensive ADO.NET from the form's Load event handler (see
technology
Listing 7-27). Youincluding
can alsoADO.NET
see frominternals, namespaces, classes,
the FillDataGrid method,andthis code adds
DataGridTableStyleinterfaces,
to and
eachtakes a comprehensive
DataTable look at XML
in a DataSet.
ADO.NET.
Listing 7-27: The FillDataGrid and Form_Load Methods
TablePrivate
of Contents
Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Introduction
FillDataGrid()
Chapter
End1 Sub
- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter
Private2 -Sub
Data FillDataGrid()
Chaptersql
3 -=ADO.NET
"SELECT * FROM Customers"
Chapterconn = New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Chapteradapter = New
5 - Handling SqlDataAdapter(sql,
ADO.NET Events conn)
Chapterds
6 =- Integrating
New DataSet("Customers")
XML with ADO.NET
Chapteradapter.Fill(ds, "Customers")
Chapter 8
= ds.Tables(0).DefaultView
' By default there is no DataGridTableStyle object.
' Add all DataSet table's style to the DataGrid
Dim dTable As DataTable
For Each dTable In ds.Tables
Dim dgStyle As DataGridTableStyle = New DataGridTableStyle()
dgStyle.MappingName = Provider
dTable.TableName
DataGrid1.TableStyles.Add(dgStyle)
ChapterNext
Chapter'16 - ASP.NET Server
DataGrid Controls and Data Binding
settings
ChapterDataGrid1.CaptionText
= "DataGrid Customization"
ChapterDataGrid1.HeaderFont
= in
New.NET
Font("Verdana", 12)
End19Sub
Caution What if you don't add DataGridTableStyle? By default, the DataGrid doesn't have any
DataGridTableStyle and uses the default DataGridTableStyle. To make this
program work, you must add it manually.
Index
Now you write code on the Exchange Columns button click event handler (see Listing 7-28). As you can
List
see,of you
Figures
need to make sure that the text boxes aren't empty. After that you call the ReshuffleColumns
List of Tables
method, which actually moves the columns from one position to another.
List of Listings
Listing
List 7-28: Exchanging the Button Click Handler
of Sidebars
Private Sub ExchangeColsBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ExchangeColsBtn.Click
If (TextBox1.Text.Length < 1) Then
MessageBox.Show("Enter a number between 0 to 19")
TextBox1.Focus()
Return
ElseIf (TextBox2.Text.Length < 1) Then
MessageBox.Show("Enter a number between 0 to 19")
TextBox1.Focus()
Return
End If
Applied
' Get column 1 and ADO.NET:
columnBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
2 indexes
Dim col1 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text) ISBN:1590590732
Dim col2 As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(TextBox2.Text)
' Exchange This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
columns
including ADO.NETcol2,
ReshuffleColumns(col1, internals, namespaces, classes,
"Customers", and
DataGrid1)
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
As mentioned earlier, moving column positions in a grid involves resetting a DataGridTableStyle. As
Applied
you canADO.NETBuilding
see from Listing Data-Driven Solutions
7-29, you read the current DataGridTableStyle and create a new
DataGridTableStyle. Next, you copy the entire current DataGridTableStyle including the two
Introduction
columns
Chapter 1 that you want
- ADO.NET to exchange and then change positions of these columns. Next, you remove the
Basics
current2DataGridTableStyle
Chapter from the
- Data Components in Visual DataGrid
Studio .NET and apply the new DataGridTableStyle by
using the
Chapter 3 DataGrid.TableStyles.Remove and DataGrid.TableStyles.Add methods.
Listing 7-29: The ReshuffleColumns Method
Private
Chapter 7 -Sub
Data ReshuffleColumns(ByVal col1 As
Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Integer, _
Controls
ByVal8 col2
Chapter As Integer,
- Constraints and DataByVal mapName As String, ByVal grid As DataGrid)
Relations
Dim9 existingTableStyle
Chapter As DataGridTableStyle = grid.TableStyles(mapName)
Dim counter As Integer = existingTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Count
Dim NewTableStyle As DataGridTableStyle = New DataGridTableStyle()
NewTableStyle.MappingName = mapName
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To counter - 1 Step +1
If i <> col1 And col1 < col2 Then
NewTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add _
(existingTableStyle.GridColumnStyles(i))
ChapterEnd17 -IfBuilding Real-World Web Applications
ChapterIf 18 i- Object-Relational
= col2 Then Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and
NewTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add _ Data Binding
(existingTableStyle.GridColumnStyles(col1))
ChapterEnd21 -IfMessaging
ChapterIf 22 i- SQL
<> Server
col1 and
AndADO.NET:
col1 >Notes
col2onThen
Performance
Appendix A NewTableStyle.GridColumnStyles.Add
- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts _
(existingTableStyle.GridColumnStyles(i))
AppendixEnd C -If
Index
Next
' Remove the existing table style and add new style
List of Figures
grid.TableStyles.Remove(existingTableStyle)
List of Tables
grid.TableStyles.Add(NewTableStyle)
List of Listings
End Sub
List of Sidebars
Reading information about a DataGrid's columns using a DataGridColumnStyle is simple. You just
read the GridColumnStyleCollection using the GridColumnStyles property of
DataGridTableStyle.Listing 7-30 reads a DataGrid's column styles and adds them to the ListBox
control.
Listing 7-30: Getting a DataGrid Columns' Style Using DataGridColumnStyle
Private Sub GetInfoBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GetInfoBtn.Click
Dim infoStr As String = "Visible Rows: " + _
DataGrid1.VisibleRowCount.ToString()
ListBox1.Items.Add(infoStr) ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
infoStr = "Visible Cols: " + _ (928 pages)
DataGrid1.VisibleColumnCount.ToString()
ListBox1.Items.Add(infoStr)
infoStr = "Total
namespaces Rows: " + _and how to integrate both with
and classes,
ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count.ToString()
ADO.NET.
infoStr = "Total Cols: " + _
Tableds.Tables(0).Columns.Count.ToString()
of Contents
Introduction
' Get all table styles in the Grid and Column Styles
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
' which returns Basics
table and column names
Chapter
Dim2 gridStyle
As DataGridTableStyle
For3 Each
Chapter gridStyle
- ADO.NET In DataGrid1.TableStyles
ChapterinfoStr = "Table
4 - ADO.NET Name:
in Connected " + gridStyle.MappingName
Environments
ChapterListBox1.Items.Add(infoStr)
ChapterDim
6 -colStyle As with
Integrating XML DataGridColumnStyle
ADO.NET
ChapterFor
7 -Each colStyle
Data Binding In gridStyle.GridColumnStyles
infoStr = "Column: "
+ colStyle.MappingName
Next
Next
End Sub
Chapter
Now run15the
- Using ADO.NET
application andinenter
Xml Web
1 in Services
the Column 1 box and enter 2 in the Column 2 box and then click
the Exchange ColumnsServer Controls
buttons. andsee
You'll Data Binding
both columns switched their positions. Now if you click the Get
Grid Columns
Chapter and Tables
17 - Building Info button,
Real-World the output looks like Figure 7-10.
Web Applications
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 7-10: Getting a DataGrid control's column styles
Getting a Column Header Name

Listing 7-31 returns the column name when a user right-clicks a DataGrid column header.
Listing 7-31: Getting a DataGrid Column Header Name

Private Sub DataGrid1_MouseDown(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven SolutionsHandles DataGrid1.MouseDown
System.Windows.Forms.MouseEventArgs)
by Mahesh
Dim str As String Chand and David Talbot
= Nothing ISBN:1590590732
Dim pt As Point = New Point(e.X, e.Y)
Dim hti As ThisDataGrid.HitTestInfo
= DataGrid1.HitTest(pt)
including ADO.NET
' If right mouse button clicked internals, namespaces, classes, and
If e.Button = MouseButtons.Right
namespaces and classes, and how toThen
integrate both with
If hti.Type
ADO.NET. = DataGrid.HitTestType.ColumnHeader Then
Dim gridStyle As DataGridTableStyle = _
DataGrid1.TableStyles("Customers")
Table of Contents
str = gridStyle.GridColumnStyles(hti.Column).MappingName.ToString()
MessageBox.Show("Column Header " + str)
Introduction
End If
ChapterEnd
1 -If ADO.NET Basics
Chapter'2 If- Data
leftComponents
mouse button in Visualclicked
Studio .NET
ChapterIf
3 e.Button
- ADO.NET in=Disconnected
MouseButtons.Left
EnvironmentsThen
Chapter 4 If- ADO.NET
hti.Type = DataGrid.HitTestType.Cell
in Connected Environments Then
Chapter 5 -str = "Column:
Handling ADO.NET Events" + hti.Column.ToString()
Chapter 6 -str += ",XML
Integrating Row:
with " + hti.Row.ToString()
ADO.NET
Chapter 7 -MessageBox.Show(str)
End If
End If
End Sub
Hiding a DataGrid's Columns
Chapter 15 -learn
Now you'll UsingaADO.NET
few moreinuses
Xml Web Services
of a DataGrid control. Hiding a DataGrid column is simply a job of
finding 16
Chapter the-right column
ASP.NET andControls
Server setting its
and property to 0. For an example, see the TotalDataGrid
Data Binding
Width
sample17
Chapter that comes with
- Building the downloads
Real-World from www.apress.com.
Web Applications
To make your program look better, you'll create a right-click pop-up menu, as shown in Figure 7-11.
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 7-11: Pop-up menu on DataGrid right-click menu
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
To create a pop-up menu, you declare a ContextMenu and four MenuItem objects as sortAscMenu,
sortDescMenu,findMenu, and hideMenu. You also define two more variables to store the current
DataGridColumnStyle and column name as follows:
Private curColName As String = Nothing

Private curColumnStyle As DataGridColumnStyle
If DataGrid.HitTestType is ColumnHeader, you add menu items and get the current column, as
shown in Listing 7-32. In this listing, you simply store the current DataGridColumnStyle and the name
of the column.
Listing 7-32: Getting the Current DataGridColumnStyle
Case DataGrid.HitTestType.ColumnHeader
' Add context menus
popUpMenu = New internals,
including ADO.NET ContextMenu()
popUpMenu.MenuItems.Add("Sort ASC")
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate
popUpMenu.MenuItems.Add("Sort DESC") both with
ADO.NET.
popUpMenu.MenuItems.Add("Find")
popUpMenu.MenuItems.Add("Hide Column")
Me.ContextMenu = popUpMenu
Table of Contents
Me.BackColor = Color.Sienna
sortAscMenu = Me.ContextMenu.MenuItems(0)
Introduction
sortDescMenu = Me.ContextMenu.MenuItems(1)
findMenu = Me.ContextMenu.MenuItems(2)
hideMenu = Me.ContextMenu.MenuItems(3)
' Find the Column header name
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in ConnectedAs
Dim gridStyle Environments
DataGridTableStyle = _
dtGrid.TableStyles("Customers")
curColNameXML with ADO.NET
= gridStyle.GridColumnStyles _
(hti.Column).MappingName.ToString()
curColumnStyle = gridStyle.GridColumnStyles(hti.Column)
Finally,12
Chapter you- Oracle,
write the Find menu
SQLXML, button.NET
and Other clickData
event handler and set curColumnStyle.Width to 0:
Providers
Private
Chapter 14 -Sub hideMenuHandler(ByVal
Developing sender
Database Web Applications As System.Object, _
using ASP.NET
ByVal
Chapter 15 e- Using
As System.EventArgs) Handles hideMenu.Click
ChaptercurColumnStyle.Width
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls=and
0 Data Binding
End17Sub
Chapter - Building Real-World Web Applications
Implementing Custom Sorting in a DataGrid
By default a DataGrid provides you with sorting options when you click a DataGrid column. But there
may be occasions when you don't want to use the default behavior and instead want to implement your
own custom sorting.
Appendix
In FigureC7-11,
you saw the Sort Asked Questions
ASC and Sort DESC menu options. As you probably remember from
Index
Chapter 3 and Chapter 4, sorting is easy to implement in a DataView. To sort a DataView, you simply
List
setofthe
Figures
Sort property of the DataView to the column name and to ASC or DESC for ascending and
List of Tables
descending sorting, respectively. Listing 7-33 shows the Sort ASC and Sort DESC menu event handler
code.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 7-33: Sorting a DataGrid Control's Columns
Private Sub SortAscMenuHandler(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles sortAscMenu.Click
Dim dv As DataView = ds.Tables("Customers").DefaultView
dv.Sort = curColName + " ASC"
dtGrid.DataSource = dv
End Sub
Private Sub SortDescMenuHandler(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles sortDescMenu.Click
Dim dv As DataView = ds.Tables("Customers").DefaultView
dv.Sort = curColName + " DESC"
Applied ADO.NET:
dtGrid.DataSource = dv Building Data-Driven Solutions
End Sub by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Building a DataGrid Record Navigation System
ADO.NET.
Move methods are one of the features of the ADO recordset that don't appear in ADO.NET. A recordset
providesMoveFirst,MoveNext,MovePrevious, and MoveLast methods to move to the first, next,
Table of Contents
previous and last record in a recordset (respectively). In this example, you'll implement move functionality
in a DataGrid control.
Introduction
Chapter
Listing 17-34
- ADO.NET Basics
implements move functionality in a custom recordset class called CustRecordSet.vb. (We
Chapter
already2discussed
how you can Studio .NET
use BindingContext to move the current pointer from one position to
Chapter 3 In
another.) - ADO.NET
this code,inCreateRecordSet
simply fills and binds a DataSet to the grid. The
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
FirstRecord, in Connected
PrevRecord, Environments
NextRecord, and LastRecord methods set the current position of the
pointer5to the
Chapter first row,
- Handling currentEvents
ADO.NET row -1, current row +1, and the last row (respectively).
Listing 7-34:
Chapter 7
CustRecordSet.vb
Imports
Public
Chapter 11 Class
- StoredCustRecordSet
Private
Chapter dataAdapter
12 - Oracle, AsOther
SQLXML, and SqlDataAdapter = Nothing
.NET Data Providers
Private
Chapter dataSeta Custom
13 - Developing As DataSet = Nothing
Data Provider
Private dtGrid As DataGrid = Nothing
Private frm As Form = Nothing
Private mapName As String = Nothing
Public Sub CreateRecordSet(ByVal conn As SqlConnection, _
ByVal sql As String, ByVal grid As DataGrid, ByVal curForm As Form, _
ByVal tableName As String)
ChapterMe.dataAdapter
19 - Mapped Objects:= Performance Considerations and Data
New SqlDataAdapter(sql, Binding
conn)
ChapterMe.dataSet
= New DataSet("Customers")
ChapterMe.dataAdapter.Fill(Me.dataSet,
21 - Messaging "Customers")
ChapterdtGrid
22 - SQL=Server
gridand ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
AppendixfrmA -=Relational
curForm Databases: Some Basic Concepts
mapName Used SQL Statements
= tableName
AppendixdtGrid.DataSource
C - ADO.NET Frequently=Asked
Me.dataSet
Questions
Index dtGrid.DataMember = "Customers"
End
List of Sub
Figures
Public
List of Tables Sub FirstRecord()
If frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, mapName) Is Nothing Then
List of Listings
Return
List of Sidebars
End If
frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, mapName).Position = 0
End Sub
Public Sub PrevRecord()
Return
End If
frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, mapName).Position -= 1
End Sub
Public Sub NextRecord()
Return
End If
frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, Solutions
mapName).Position += 1

Public Sub This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
LastRecord()
If frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, classes,Is
mapName) andNothing Then
Return namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
End If ADO.NET.
frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, mapName).Position = _
frm.BindingContext(Me.dataSet, mapName).Count - 1
TableEnd
of Contents
Sub
Introduction
End Class
Note
Chapter 4 In this example,
- ADO.NET the tableEnvironments
in Connected name is Customers.You may want to customize the name so it can
Chapter 5 work for any
- Handling database
ADO.NET table.
Events
Now create a Windows application and add a DataGrid control and four Button controls (Move First,
Chapter 7 - Data
Move Next, MoveBinding andand
Previous, Windows
Move Forms
Last). Data-Bound Controls
The form's Load event calls FillDataSet, which creates a
Chapter 8 - Constraints object
newCustRecordSet and Data
andRelations
calls its CreateRecordSet method, which in turn fills data in a
Chapter 9 - control
DataGrid ADO.NET Exception
and binds a Handling
DataSet with the DataGrid control (see Listing 7-35).
Listing11
Chapter 7-35: Creating
- Stored a Custom
Procedures Recordset
and Views
Chapter
' form 13 load
Private Database Web Applications
Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender using
AsASP.NET
System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal15 -eUsing
As ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
ChapterFillDataGrid()
End17Sub
' Fill
Chapter DataGrid
Private
Chapter Sub FillDataGrid()
Chaptersql
20 -=COM
"SELECT * FROM
Interoperability Customers"
and ADO.NET
Chapterconn = New SqlConnection(connectionString)
21 - Messaging
recordSet = New CustRecordSet()
recordSet.CreateRecordSet(conn, sql, DataGrid1, Me, "Customers")
End Sub
Index
List
Now of on
Figures
the button click event handlers, simply call CustRecordSet'sFirstRecord,PrevRecord,
List of Tables
NextRecord, and LastRecord methods, as shown in Listing 7-36.
List of Listings
Listing
List 7-36: Moving Record Button Click Event Handlers
of Sidebars
' Move First button click

Private Sub MoveFirstBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MoveFirstBtn.Click
recordSet.FirstRecord()
End Sub
' Move Previous button click
Private Sub MovePrevBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MovePrevBtn.Click
recordSet.PrevRecord()
End Sub
' Move next button click
Private SubApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
MoveNextBtn_Click(ByVal sender Solutions
As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MoveNextBtn.Click ISBN:1590590732
recordSet.NextRecord()
' Move lastincluding
button ADO.NET
clickinternals, namespaces, classes, and
Private Subnamespaces
MoveLastBtn_Click(ByVal
and classes, and how to sender As System.Object,
integrate both with _
ByVal e As ADO.NET.
System.EventArgs) Handles MoveLastBtn.Click
recordSet.LastRecord()
End Sub
Table of Contents
Introduction
The final
Chapter 1 application
- ADO.NET looks
Basicslike Figure 7-12.
Chapter 16 - 7-12:
Figure ASP.NET Server Controls
DataGrid and Data
navigation Binding
system
Tip18
Chapter You can implement the
- Object-Relational sameinfunctionality
Mapping .NET on a DataGrid control's right-click menu by adding
four
Chapter 19 menu items
- Mapped thatPerformance
Objects: allow users Considerations
to move to theand
first,Data
next, previous, and last records of a
Binding
DataGrid.
Chapter 20 You can even
- COM Interoperability anddevelop
ADO.NETyour own DataGrid component with sorting, searching, and
navigating
Chapter 21 features.
- Messaging
Implementing Search in a DataGrid
You justCsaw
Appendix how to implement
- ADO.NET Frequently custom sorting in a DataGrid control. After sorting, searching is one
Asked Questions
more basic requirement of database-driven applications. There are two methods to implement search in a
Index
of Figurescontrol:
DataGrid
List
List of Tables
Using the SELECT statement
List of Listings
List ofUsing a DataSet and DataView
Sidebars
Searching Using the SELECT Statement

You already used search functionality in a connected environment using the SQL SELECT statement. Do
you remember using a SELECT statement with a WHERE clause? In a WHERE clause, you passed the
criteria specifying the data for which you're looking. If you want to search in multiple tables, you construct a
JOIN query with WHERE clause. You can even search for a keyword using the SELECT...LIKE
statement, which was discussed in "The DataView in Connected Environments" section of Chapter 4.
You use the SELECT statement in a DataAdapter, which reads data based on the SELECT statement
and the criteria passed in it. However, using this method for searching may not be useful when you're
searching data frequentlyespecially when you're searching data in a DataGrid. We suggest not using
this method when searching data in an isolated application and there's no other application updating the
Applied
data. Why? The main ADO.NET:
reason Building
is that every timeData-Driven
you change Solutions
the SELECT statement, you need to create a
newDataAdapter and fill the DataSet when you change theISBN:1590590732
SELECT statement. This method is useful
Apress applications
when there are multiple 2003 (928 pages)
updating the data simultaneously and you want to search in the latest
updated data. This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Searching Using a DataTable
namespaces and
and classes, andDataView
ADO.NET.
TheDataTable and DataView objects provide members that can filter data based on criteria. (See "The
DataView" section in Chapter 3 for more information.) You can simply create a DataView from a
Table set a DataView'sRowFilter property to the search criteria, and then bind the DataView to a
of Contents
DataSet,
DataGrid,
Applied which will display
ADO.NETBuilding the filtered
Data-Driven records.
Solutions
Introduction
Tip Using
Chapter 1
the same method, you can implement a Search or Find feature in a DataGrid control. You
- ADO.NET Basics
can also provide a Search option on a DataGrid control's header so that you know on which
column a user has clicked.
Chapter
The new4 application
- ADO.NET looks
like Figure 7-13. Obviously, the Search button searches the column entered in
the Column Name text box for a value entered in the Value text box.
Appendix A - 7-13:
Figure Relational Databases:search
Implementing Some Basic Concepts
functionality in a DataGrid control
Index
Note If you search for a string, use a singe quote (') before and after the string.
List
Weofdiscuss
Figuresthe Save method functionality in the following section.
List of Tables
After
List creating a Windows application and adding controls to the form, define following variables:
of Listings
List of Sidebars
' Developer defined variables
Private connectionString As String = _
"Integrated Security=SSPI;Initial Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=MCB;"
Private searchView As DataView = Nothing
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = Nothing
Dim ds As DataSet = Nothing
Now add the FillDataGrid method, which fills the DataGrid and creates a DataView called
searchView (seeApplied
ListingADO.NET:
7-37). Building Data-Driven Solutions
Apress 2003 (928
Listing 7-37: FillDataGrid Method
pages)
' Fill DataGrid
FillDataGrid()
ADO.NET.
sql = "SELECT * FROM Orders"
conn = New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Table of Contents
ds = New DataSet("Orders")
adapter.Fill(ds, "Orders")
Introduction
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables("Orders")
ChaptersearchView
1 - ADO.NET = Basics
New DataView(ds.Tables("Orders"))
ChapterDim
2 -cmdBuilder
Data ComponentsAs inSqlCommandBuilder
Visual Studio .NET = _
ChapterNew
3 -SqlCommandBuilder(adapter)
Chapter'4 Disconnect.
Otherwise Environments
you would get
Chapter'5 Access
violations when try multiple operations
Chapterconn.Close()
Chapterconn.Dispose()
Chapter 8 Sub
End - Constraints and Data Relations
Now, the next step is to set a RowFilter of searchView based on the values entered in the Column
Name and Value text fields. Listing 7-38 shows the code for the Search button. As you can see, the code
sets the RowFilter of searchView and binds it to the DataGrid to display the filtered data.
Chapter
Listing15 - Using
7-38: ADO.NET
Seach in Click
Button Xml Web Services
Event Handler
Private Sub SearchBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SearchBtn.Click
ChapterIf 19 (TextBox1.Text.Equals(String.Empty))
- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data
ThenBinding
MessageBox.Show("Enter a column name")
TextBox1.Focus()
Return
AppendixEnd -If
A Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
AppendixIfB (TextBox2.Text.Equals(String.Empty))
- Commonly Used SQL Statements Then
Appendix C MessageBox.Show("Enter a value")
Index TextBox1.Focus()
Return
List of Figures
End If
List of Tables
' Construct a row filter and apply on the DataView
List of Listings
Dim str As String = TextBox1.Text + "=" + TextBox2.Text
List of Sidebars
searchView.RowFilter = str
' Set DataView as DataSource of DataGrid
DataGrid1.DataSource = searchView
End Sub
At this time, if you run the application, the data from the Orders table is filled in the DataGrid If you enter
EmployeeID in the Column Name text box and 6 in the Value field and then click the Search button, the
filtered data looks like Figure 7-14.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 7-14: Filtered data after searching
Inserting, Updating, and Deleting Data through DataGrids
Chapter
As you 9learned
- ADO.NET Exception
earlier, Handlingcontrol is one of the most powerful, flexible, and versatile controls
the DataGrid
Chapter 10 in
available - Working
Windowswith the ODBC
Forms. It has.NET Data Provider
an almost unlimited number of properties and methods. You can add
new records,
Chapter update
11 - Stored records, and
delete existing records on a DataGrid with little effort, and you can
easily save
Chapter 12 - the affected
Oracle, dataand
SQLXML, in aOther
database.
.NET Data Providers
When a DataGrid control is in edit mode (the default mode), you can simply add a new record by
clicking the last row of the grid and editing the column values. You can update data by changing the
existing value of cells. You can delete a row by simply selecting a row and clicking the Delete button.
In the previous Real-World
example, WebaApplications
you used Save Changes button on a form (see Figure 7-14). Now just write the
Chapter
code in18 - Object-Relational
Listing Mapping
7-39 on the Save in .NET
Changes button click to save the data.
Listing20
Chapter 7-39: Saving
- COM Updated Data
Interoperability in a Data Source from a DataGrid Control
and ADO.NET
Chapter
Private22 -Sub
SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on
SaveBtn_Click(ByVal Performance
Appendix
ByVal A -eRelational Databases: Some Basic
As System.EventArgs) Concepts SaveBtn.Click
Handles
Dim
Appendix C -changeDS As DataSet
ADO.NET Frequently = New DataSet()
Asked Questions
Index ' Data is modified
If (ds.HasChanges(DataRowState.Modified)) Then
List of Figures
changeDS = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified)
List of Tables
Dim changedRecords As Integer
List of Listings
changedRecords = adapter.Update(changeDS, "Orders")
List of Sidebars
If (changedRecords > 0) Then
MessageBox.Show(changedRecords.ToString() & _
" records modified.")
End If
End If
' Data is deleted
If (ds.HasChanges(DataRowState.Deleted)) Then
changeDS = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Deleted)
changedRecords = adapter.Update(changeDS, "Orders")
" records deleted.")
End If Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Apress
' Data is added 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET
If (ds.HasChanges(DataRowState.Added)) Then technology
changeDS = ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Added) classes, and
changedRecords
ADO.NET. = adapter.Update(changeDS, "Orders")
Table of Contents
" records added.")
Introduction
End If
Chapter 1 ds.AcceptChanges()
- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 DataGrid1.Refresh()
End3 Sub
Chapter - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
As you can- Data
Chapter 7
see from Listing 7-39, you simply get the modified, deleted, and updated changes in a new
DataSet by calling the DataSet.GetChanges method and save the changes by calling the
DataAdapter.Update method. In the end, you accept the changes by calling
DataSet.AcceptChanges and refresh the DataGrid control by calling the DataGrid.Refresh
method.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Data-bound controls aredefinitely
Apress one of the greatest additions to GUI applications. In this chapter, we
2003 (928 pages)
discussed the basics of data binding and how
This text provides extensive data binding
coverage works technology
of ADO.NET in Windows Forms data-bound controls
and ADO.NET. We including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and in the data-binding phenomena,
discussed some essential objects that participate
interfaces,
including Binding, and takes a comprehensive
BindingContext, look at XMLBindingManagerBase,
BindingsCollection,
PropertyManager,namespaces and classes, and
CurrencyManager, how
and to integrate both with
BindingContext.
ADO.NET.
After discussing basics of data binding and how to use these objects, you learned about some data-bound
controls and how to bind data using the data-binding mechanism. You also saw some practical usage of
Table of Contents
data binding and data-bound controls; specifically, you created a record navigation system with a
DataGrid control. Some of the examples discussed in this chapter included changing DataGrid styles
Introduction
programmatically, binding data sources to various data-bound controls, building a record navigation
application, and implementing search, add, update, and delete record features in a DataGrid.
Chapter
Thenext3 chapter
- ADO.NET in Disconnected
covers Environments
constraints and data relations in more detail.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
8: Constraints and DataISBN:1590590732
Relations
Apress 2003 (928
In chapter 3, you encountered pages)
constraints and data relations. In this chapter, we discuss constraints and
data relations in more detail. First, extensive
This text provides coverage
we start this chapterof with
ADO.NET technology
a discussion of constraints and how ADO.NET
constraint objects maintain data integrity. Second, we discuss data relations. An object that encapsulates a
data relationship namespaces
may be a newandconcept
classes,for
andmany
how programmers.
ADO.NET.
Understanding Constraints
Table of Contents
Aconstraint is a rule used to automatically maintain the integrity of a column's data. When we say
automatically, we mean that the database itself makes sure the rule is being followed when changes are
Introduction
made to the data. For example, a UNIQUE constraint on a column makes sure that there aren't any
Chapter 1 values
duplicate - ADO.NET Basics There are different types of constraints, including NOT NULL, UNIQUE,
in a column.
Chapter
PRIMARY2 -KEY,
Data FOREIGN
KEY, Studio .NET
and CHECK constraints:
The NOT NULL constraint specifies that a column can't contain null values.
Chapter
The5 UNIQUE
- Handling ADO.NETenforces
constraint Events a rule of uniqueness on a column, which means two rows of the
column can't have XML with ADO.NET
duplicate values. A UNIQUE constraint may also apply to a combination of
columns,
Chapter which
7 - Data means
Binding andthe combination
Windows of the columns
Forms Data-Bound must be a unique value. For example, a
Controls
database
Chapter table canand
8 - Constraints have twoRelations
Data fields-a path and a file-and the combination of these fields must be
unique
Chapter 9 - to maintain
ADO.NET the unique
Exception file entry in the database. In this case, the path or file column may have
Handling
duplicate
Chapter valueswith
10 - Working individually,
the ODBCbut they
.NET must
Data be unique when used together.
Provider
A PRIMARY KEY constraint on a column or combination of columns enforces both the UNIQUE
constraint and the NOT NULL constraint. This type of constraint is enforced when you need to identify
column values as unique items and not null values such as a customer ID number or an order
number.
The
Chapter 16FOREIGN
- ASP.NETKEY constraint
Server Controlsidentifies
and Data the relationships between two tables. A foreign key in the first
Binding
table
Chapter 17 points to aReal-World
- Building primary key in the
Web second table. Foreign keys prevent actions that would ignore rows
Applications
with
Chapter 18foreign key values when
- Object-Relational there
Mapping in are
.NETno primary keys with that value. For example, the Orders table
of a
Chapter 19database
- Mappedmay havePerformance
Objects: a foreign keyConsiderations
on the CustomerID column
and Data of the Customers table, which
Binding
would
Chapter 20 -prevent a user from entering
COM Interoperability an order that related to a nonexistent customer.
and ADO.NET
The CHECK constraint enforces data integrity by limiting a column's values. For example, you can
Chapter 22 - SQL
specify Servertype
a column and as
ADO.NET: Notes
an integer, on Performance
which means only integer values can be placed in a column.
To implement
Appendix many ofUsed
B - Commonly theseSQL
constraints,
StatementsADO.NET provides various classes. In the following sections, we
discuss some
Appendix of these
C - ADO.NET classes, their
Frequently Askedmembers,
Questions and how to use them to implement constraints.
Index
Implementing the Constraint Classes
List of Figures
List of Tables
The
List ofConstraint
Listings class represents a constraint and serves as a base class of the
ForeignKeyConstraint
List of Sidebars and UniqueConstraint classes. This class provides three properties:
ConstraintName represents the name of a constraint, ExtendedProperties represents a collection
of user-defined properties, and Table represents a DataTable object to which the constraint applies.
Before you learn how to implement constraints on a table, you'll look at the constraint classes.
Implementing the ForeignKeyConstraint Class

TheForeignKeyConstraint class creates a FOREIGN KEY constraint. In a primary key/foreign key
relationship, first column acts as a parent column, and the second column acts as a child column. The
ForeignKeyConstraint class has five overloaded constructors. Each of these constructors takes two
DataColumn objects as a parent and a child column. Optionally, you can also specify the relation name.
TheForeignKeyConstraint class provides properties that can represent the relation name; the
columns participating in the relationship; the accept, delete, and update rules; and so on. Table 8-1
describes the ForeignKeyConstraint Data-Driven
class properties. Solutions
Table 8-1: The ForeignKeyConstraint Class Properties
PROPERTY including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
DESCRIPTION
namespaces and
AcceptRejectRule Occurs when
classes, the
and how to integrate both method
AcceptChanges with of a DataTable is
ADO.NET. called. The parameter of AcceptRejectRule is represented by the
AcceptRejectRule enumeration, which has two members:
Cascade and None. The default action is None.
Table of Contents
Columns ReturnsSolutions
the child columns of a constraint.
Introduction
ConstraintName Represents the name of the constraint.
Chapter Occurs
2 - Data Components in
DeleteRule Visual when
Studioa.NET
row is deleted. The parameter of DeleteRule is
Chapter 3 represented
- ADO.NET in Disconnected by the Rule enumeration, which has four members:
Environments
Chapter 4 Cascade,
- ADO.NET in Connected None,SetDefault, and SetNull. The default action is
Environments
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Cascade.
Events
ExtendedProperties Returns any user-defined properties that exist for the object.
RelatedColumns
Chapter Represents
8 - Constraints and Data Relations the parent column of a constraint.
Chapter
Table 9 - ADO.NET ExceptionReturns
Handlingthe DataTable of a constraint.
UpdateRule
Chapter Occurs
11 - Stored Procedures and when a row is updated. The parameter of UpdateRule is
Views
represented by the Rule enumeration, which has four members:
Cascade,None,SetDefault, and SetNull. The default action is
Cascade.
Chapter
Listing 16
8-1-creates
ASP.NETa Server Controls
FOREIGN KEYand Data Binding
constraint on the id column of custTable and the CustID column of
ordersTable.custTable and ordersTable are two DataTable objects created by the
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational and
CreateCustomersTable Mapping in .NET
CreateOrdersTable methods, respectively.
Listing20
- COM a FOREIGN
Interoperability andKEY Constraint
ADO.NET
Dim custTable As and ADO.NET: =
DataTable Notes on Performance
CreateCustomersTable()
Dim ordersTable Some Basic
As DataTable Concepts
= CreateOrdersTable()
Dim parentColumn
Appendix As DataColumn
B - Commonly Used SQL Statements= custTable.Columns("id")
Dim childColumn
Appendix As DataColumn
C - ADO.NET Frequently = ordersTable.Columns("CustID")
Asked Questions
Dim fkConst As ForeignKeyConstraint = New ForeignKeyConstraint _
Index
"CustOrderConts",
List of Figures parentColumn, childColumn)
fkConst.DeleteRule
List of Tables = Rule.SetNull
fkConst.UpdateRule = Rule.Cascade
List of Listings
fkConst.AcceptRejectRule = AcceptRejectRule.Cascade
List of Sidebars
Caution Be careful when using the Cascade action. The default action for AcceptRejectRule is
None, but the default action for UpdateRule and DeleteRule is Cascade. Calling the
Cascade action on DeleteRule deletes all the children rows, which are related using the
FOREIGN KEY constraint.
Using the UniqueConstraint Class

TheUniqueConstraint object represents a UNIQUE constraint, which ensures that the value of a
column is unique. Table 8-2 describes the UniqueConstraint class properties.
Table 8-2: The UniqueConstraint Class Properties
Columns This text provides extensive
Returns coverage
an array of ADO.NET
of columns technology
that this constraint affects
ConstraintName Represents
interfaces, and the name oflook
takes a comprehensive the constraint
at XML
ExtendedProperties
ADO.NET. Returns a collection of any user-defined properties that exist for the
object
IsPrimaryKey
Table of Contents Represents whether the constraint is a primary key
Applied
TableADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
ReturnsSolutions
the DataTable of a constraint
Introduction
Chapter
Listing 18-2-creates
ADO.NET Basics
two UNIQUE constraints on the id column of custTable and the OrderId column of
ordersTable.
Listing48-2:
Chapter CreatinginaConnected
- ADO.NET UNIQUE Constraint
Environments
' Create XML with ADO.NET
unique constraints
Chapter 7 - Data
Dim idCol As Binding and Windows
DataColumn Forms
= New Data-Bound Controls
DataColumn()
Chapter
idCol8 = -custTable.Columns("id")
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Dim unqConst1 AsException Handling
UniqueConstraint = _
New UniqueConstraint("idUnqConst1",
Chapter idCol)
idCol11= -ordersTable.Columns("OrderId")
Chapter Stored Procedures and Views
Dim unqConst2
Chapter As UniqueConstraint
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data=Providers
_
New UniqueConstraint("idUnqConst2",
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider idCol)
Note You can also set the Unique property of a DataColumn to True to make a column unique.
Chapter 3 discusses this technique.
Chapter
Using19the
- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations
ConstraintCollection Class and Data Binding
ADataTable
Chapter can have multiple constraints. The ConstraintCollection class represents a
21 - Messaging
collection
Chapter 22 of constraints
- SQL of aADO.NET:
Server and DataTable and
Notes on is accessed through the Constraints property of a
Performance
DataTable.
Appendix This class
A - Relational provides Some
Databases: two properties: List and Item. The List property returns a list of all
Basic Concepts
the constraints
Appendix in the collection
B - Commonly Used SQLinStatements
an ArrayList object. The Item property is the indexer for the
ConstraintCollection
Appendix class,
C - ADO.NET Frequently which
Asked returns a constraint at a specified index.
Questions
Index
Similar to other collection classes, the ConstraintCollection class also provides methods to add and
List of Figures
remove items to the collection. Table 8-3 describes the ConstraintCollection class methods.
List of Tables
List of Listings
Table 8-3: The ConstraintCollection Class Methods
List of Sidebars
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Add This method adds a constraint to the collection. (The following
section describes in this method in more detail.)
AddRange including ADO.NET
Addsinternals, namespaces,
a collection classes,
of constraints andexisting collection.
to the
CanRemove namespaces and classes,
Checks and how
whether a to integratecan
constraint both
bewith
removed from the collection.
ADO.NET.
Clear Removes all constraints from a collection.
Contains
Table of Contents Indicates whether a constraint exists in the collection. Returns True
if a constraint
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutionsexists; otherwise, returns False. This is useful when
Introduction you need to remove or read a constraint from the collection.
IndexOf Returns the index of a constraint in the collection. You can use the
Chapter 2 - Data Components in constraint
Visual Studio .NET
name or an object.
OnCollectionChanged An event raises when the constraint collection is changed by adding
or removing constraints.
Remove
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML withDeletes
ADO.NETa constraint from the collection. You can specify the
Chapter 7 constraint
- Data Binding and Windows Formsname or an object.
Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8- Constraints and Data Relations
RemoveAt Removes a constraint at the specified index in the collection.
Chapter
You've 11
now- Stored Procedures
seen the and
constraint Views and their members. Next let's put these classes together and see
classes
how to 12
Chapter use- them in SQLXML,
Oracle, applications.
Adding
Chapter 14 -and Removing
Developing Constraints
You use the Add method of the ConstraintCollection to add new constraints to the collection of
constraints associated with a DataTable.Listing 8-3 adds a FOREIGN KEY constraint to a collection and
removes the first constraint. As you can see from the code, the Contains method returns True if the
Chapter 18 contains
collection - Object-Relational Mapping
a constraint, in .NET
and the CanRemove method returns True if the program can delete the
Chapter 19 -The
constraint. Mapped Objects:
Remove Performance
method removesConsiderations
the constraint.and
YouData
canBinding
also use the RemoveAt method if you
want to delete a constraint based on the index.
Listing22
Chapter 8-3: Adding
- SQL and
Server andRemoving
ADO.NET: Constraints
Appendix
' CreateB - Commonly Used SQL objects
two DataTable Statements
' Customer Frequently Asked Questions
and Orders
Index
Dim custTable As DataTable = CreateCustomersTable()
List
Dim of Figures
ordersTable As DataTable = CreateOrdersTable()
Try
List of Tables
' Add a foriegn key constraint
List of Listings
Dim parentColumn As DataColumn = custTable.Columns("id")
List of Sidebars
Dim childColumn As DataColumn = ordersTable.Columns("CustID")
Dim fkConst As ForeignKeyConstraint = New ForeignKeyConstraint _
("CustOrderConts", parentColumn, childColumn)
fkConst.DeleteRule = Rule.SetNull
fkConst.UpdateRule = Rule.Cascade
fkConst.AcceptRejectRule = AcceptRejectRule.Cascade
ordersTable.Constraints.Add(fkConst)
MessageBox.Show(exp.Message)
End Try
' Create a DataSet and add DataTables to it

Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("CustOrderDataSet")
Applied
' Add DataTables toADO.NET:
a DataSet Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh
ds.Tables.Add(custTable)Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
ds.Tables.Add(ordersTable) (928 pages)
' Enforce Constraints
including ADO.NET
ds.EnforceConstraints = Trueinternals, namespaces, classes, and
' Using Contains,
ADO.NET. CanRemove and Remove methods
' Get the first constraint
Dim cnst1 As Constraint = ordersTable.Constraints(0)
Table
Try of Contents
If ordersTable.Constraints.Contains(cnst1.ConstraintName) Then
Introduction If ordersTable.Constraints.CanRemove(cnst1) Then
ordersTable.Constraints.Remove(cnst1)
Chapter 2 -EndData If
Chapter 3 End If
Catch4 myException
Chapter As Exception
Chapter 5 Console.WriteLine(myException.Message)
End Try
Note You must set the DataSet property EnforceConstraints to True if you want to save the
constraint in a DataSet.
Chapter 12 The
Note - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NETand
CreateCustomersTable Data Providers
CreateOrdersTable methods return two DataTable
Chapter 13 objects
created Data ProviderIf you're using constraints in a connected environment, you
programmatically.
Chapter 14 can get theseDatabase
- Developing objects fromusing
Web Applications
DataTable a DataSet
ASP.NETusing DataSet.Tables("TableName")
Chapter 15 or
DataSet.Tables(index).
Listing 17
Chapter 8-4-adds UNIQUE
Building constraints
Real-World to two tables.
Web Applications
Listing 8-4: Adding UNIQUE Constraints
' Create unique constraints
Dim idCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
idCol = custTable.Columns("id")
Dim unqConst1 As UniqueConstraint = _
New UniqueConstraint("idUnqConst1", idCol)
idCol = ordersTable.Columns("OrderId")
Index
Dim unqConst2 As UniqueConstraint = _
List
New of Figures
UniqueConstraint("idUnqConst2", idCol)
List of
' Add Tables
constraints to DataTables
List of Listings
custTable.Constraints.Add(unqConst1)
List of Sidebars
ordersTable.Constraints.Add(unqConst2)
Reading All the Constraints

Reading all the constraints is pretty simple. You just read all the items in the collection. Listing 8-5 reads
all the constraints of a collection.
Listing 8-5: Reading All the Constraints of a Collection
Dim contCollection As ConstraintCollection = _

ordersTable.Constraints
Applied
Dim str As StringADO.NET: Building
= "Number ofData-Driven Solutions
Constraints:" & _
by Mahesh Chand and
contCollection.Count.ToString() David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Dim i As Apress
Integer 2003 (928 pages)
Dim cnst As Constraint
including
For Each cnst In ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
contCollection
str = str + ", "
str = str + cnst.ConstraintName
ADO.NET.
Next
Table of Contents
Introduction
Adding PRIMARY KEY Constraints
There's2no- specific
Chapter primary key
Data Components class to
in Visual add a.NET
Studio PRIMARY KEY constraint to a DataTable. The
PrimaryKey
Chapter property
3 - ADO.NET in of DataTable
Disconnected sets the primary key of that table, and you assign a DataColumn
Environments
as the PrimaryKey
Chapter property.
4 - ADO.NET in Listing
Connected 8-6 creates a DataColumnCollection and sets it as the primary
Environments
key of the
Chapter 5 -CustTable.
Listing 8-6: Adding a PRIMARY KEY Constaint to a DataTable
Dim custTable
Chapter 9 - ADO.NETAsException
DataTable = CreateCustomersTable()
Handling
PrimaryKeyColumns(0) = custTable.Columns("id")
Using SQL Statements to Add and Remove Constraints
When working in a connectedMapping in .NETusing SQL may be a better way to add constraints to a
environment,
database
Chapter 19 table. YouObjects:
- Mapped can addPerformance
constraints to a table whenand
Considerations youData
create a table or by altering an already
Binding
existing20
Chapter table.
TheCREATE TABLE SQL statement allows you to set a column as a constraint when you create a table.
TheCONSTRAINT keyword sets a column as the specified constraint. For example, the following SQL
statement creates a table with myId as the primary key:
Dim sql As String = "CREATE TABLE myTable" & _
Index
"(myId INTEGER CONSTRAINT PKeyMyId PRIMARY KEY," & _
List of Figures
"myName CHAR(50), myAddress CHAR(255), myBalance FLOAT)"
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
You of can
Sidebars
always add and delete constraints from a database table using the ALTER TABLE SQL
statement. If you read the SQL documentation, you'll see that this statement allows options such as ADD
CONSTRAINT and DROP CONSTRAINT to add and remove constraints.
If you're working in a connected environment and you can execute commands (through SqlCommand),
using SQL statements to add and remove constraints is preferable because it entails less overhead and
code and has better performance.
Understanding
AppliedData Relations
Until now it was the job of
Apress the (928
2003 database
pages) server to maintain data relationships, but with the flexibility of
ADO.NET, now programmers can also create
This text provides extensive and maintain
coverage data relationships
of ADO.NET technology in a disconnected
environment. A data relationship relates two tables to each other
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and through their columns-for example, a
interfaces, and
customer/order relationship. Thetakes a comprehensive
Customers lookrecords
table stores at XML of a customer, and the Orders table
stores records of namespaces
orders made and
byclasses,
customers.and how
Eachtocustomer
integrate has
bothonly
withone record in the Customers table,
ADO.NET.
which is identified by a unique column value called Customer Id. Each order is related to a customer,
which has a column that stores the customer ID. The Orders table can have multiple records for a single
customer.
Table In this scenario, the Customer Id row in the Customers table acts as a parent row, and all
of Contents
related rows in the OrdersData-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding table act as its child rows. One condition in this example is that the data type of
Solutions
both the parent
Introduction and row columns must be identical.
In ADO.NET, the DataRelation class represents a data relation between two DataTable objects, and
theDataRelationCollection Studio .NET
represents a collection of data relations.
In a connected
Chapter environment,
4 - ADO.NET you can
in Connected access and maintain data relations through a DataSet. The
Environments
Relations
Chapter propertyADO.NET
5 - Handling of the DataSet
Events returns a collection of data relations associated with that DataSet
in the form
Chapter 6 - of a DataRelationCollection
Integrating XML with ADO.NET object. The ChildRelations and ParentRelations
properties
Chapter 7 -ofData
a DataTable
Binding and return theForms
Windows child relations andControls
Data-Bound parent relations associated with that
DataTable.
As you know from "The DataRow" section of Chapter 3, the DataRow also provides methods to return a
row's parent with
and child the The
rows. ODBCGetParentRow
.NET Data Provider
method of a DataRow returns the parent row of a
DataRow, and the GetParentRows method returns all parent rows related to a DataRow. The
GetChildRows SQLXML,
method and Other
returns all the.NET Data
child Providers
rows associated with a DataRow.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
Appliedthe DataRelation
ADO.NET: and DataRelationCollection
Building Data-Driven Solutions Objects
TheDataRelation class
Apress represents
2003 (928 pages)a parent/child relationship between two tables. The
DataRelation's overloaded constructors
This text provides extensive allow you of
coverage to ADO.NET
create a DataRelation
technology object from a parent
and a child column or a collection of columns. The first argument
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and of the constructors is the name of the
interfaces,
relation. The second andarguments
and third takes a comprehensive
are the parentlook at XML
and child column(s), respectively. The last
optional argumentnamespaces
is a Booleanandtype,
classes,
whichand how to integrate
indicates whether both with to create a constraint.
you want
ADO.NET.
Before you create a DataRelation, let's fill a DataSet from two tables. Listing 8-7 fills a DataSet from
the Customers and Orders tables.
Table of Contents
Applied
ListingADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
8-7: Filling a DataSet fromSolutions
Two Tables
Introduction
SQL = "SELECT * FROM Customers"
conn.Open()
Chapter
Dim ds16 -AsIntegrating
DataSet XML=with
NewADO.NET
DataSet("Customers")
adapter.Fill(ds1, "Customers")Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter
SQL =8 "SELECT
* FROM Relations
Orders"
Chapter
adapter9 -=ADO.NET Exception Handling
New SqlDataAdapter(SQL, conn)
Chapter
Dim ds210 -As
Working with the
DataSet = ODBC .NET Data Provider
New DataSet("Orders")
adapter.Fill(ds2, and Views
"Orders")
ds1.Merge(ds2)
Now let's create a DataRelation between the CustomerId column of the Customers table and the
CustomerID column of Orders table (see Listing 8-8).
Chapter
Listing18 - Object-Relational
8-8: Mapping in .NET
Creating a DataRelation
' Get the DataColumn objects from Customers
' and Orders tables of a DataSet
Dim parentCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
Dim childCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()
Appendix
'Retrieve B - Commonly
columnsUsed SQL aStatements
from DataSet
parentCol = ds1.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustomerID")
Index
childCol = ds1.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustomerID")
List
Dim of Figures
bConstraints As Boolean
List of Tables
bConstraints = True
List
' of Listings a DataRelation.
Create
Dim
List CustOrderRelation As DataRelation = _
of Sidebars
New DataRelation("CustOrdersRelation", parentCol, childCol, bConstraints)
Now you can add a DataRelation to a DataSet using the Add method of
DataRelationCollection, which you access through the DataSet.Relations property. (We
dicuss DataRelationCollection in a moment.) Use this code to add the DataRelation:
' Add the relation to the DataSet.

ds1.Relations.Add(CustOrderRelation)
Even multiple sets of columns can participate in a relationship. The following code uses two columns to
participate in a data relation:
Dim parentCols() As DataColumn
Dim childCols() As ADO.NET
including DataColumninternals, namespaces, classes, and
parentCols(0)interfaces,
= DataSet1.Tables("Customers").Columns("CustID")
parentCols(1)namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
= DataSet1.Tables("Customers").Columns("OrdID")
ADO.NET.
childCols(0) = DataSet1.Tables("Orders").Columns("CustID")
childCols(1) = DataSet1.Tables("Orders").Columns("OrdID")
Dim CustOrderRel As DataRelation
Table of Contents
CustOrderRel = New DataRelation("CustomersOrders", parentCols, childCols)
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
After creating Basics
a DataRelation object, the next step is to see what properties are available in the
DataRelation class. Tablein8-4
Visual Studio the
describes .NET
DataRelation class properties.
Chapter 4 - The
Table 8-4: ADO.NET in ConnectedClass
DataRelation Environments
Properties
ChildColumns Forms
Returns Data-Bound
all child columnsControls
of a relation
ChildKeyConstraint
Chapter 9
Returns the FOREIGN KEY constraint of a relation if any available
ChildTable .NET Data
Returns Provider
the child table (DataTable)
DataSet Returns the DataSet to which a relation belongs
Chapter 13 - Developing a CustomReturns
ExtendedProperties Data Provider
the collection of custom properties
Nested Represents whether a DataRelation is nested (both get and set)
ParentColumns
Chapter Returns
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and all
Dataparent columns of a relation
Binding
ParentKeyConstraint Returns the UNIQUE constraint of the parent column
ParentTable
Chapter Returns the
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance parent tableand
Considerations (DataTable) of a relation
Data Binding
RelationName Represents the name of the relation (both get and set)
Appendix
You canAalso
- Relational Databases:
create nested data Some Basic
relations. Concepts
For example, if in addition to the Customers and Orders tables
you haveB an
Appendix Items table
- Commonly thatSQL
Used stores data related to items such as Item ID, location, and so on, then you
Statements
can create
Appendix C - one more Frequently
ADO.NET relation between the Orders and Items tables using the same steps you took for the
Asked Questions
Customers and Orders tables.
Index
List of Figures
Now you'll learn how to access a DataRelation's properties. Listing 8-9 reads the DataSet,
List of Tables
ParentTable,ChildTable,ParentColumns,ChildColumns, and RelationName properties of
List of Listings
DataRelation.
List of Sidebars
Listing 8-9: GettingDataRelation Properties
' Getting a DataRelation properties

Dim dtSet As DataSet = dtRelation.DataSet
' Getting Tables
Dim pTable As DataTable = dtRelation.ParentTable
Dim chTable As DataTable = dtRelation.ChildTable
ListBox1.Items.Add("Parent Table: " + pTable.TableName)
ListBox1.Items.Add("Child Table: " + chTable.TableName)
'Getting columns
Dim parentCols() As DataColumn
Dim childCols() As DataColumn
parentCols Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
= dtRelation.ParentColumns
childCols = dtRelation.ChildColumns ISBN:1590590732
' Print the ColumnName of each column.
Dim i As This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Integer
ListBox1.Items.Add("Parent namespaces, classes, and
Columns:")
For i = 0namespaces
To parentCols.GetUpperBound(0)
ListBox1.Items.Add(parentCols(i).ColumnName)
ADO.NET.
Next i
ListBox1.Items.Add("Child Columns:")
Table ofFor
Contents
i = 0 To childCols.GetUpperBound(0)
ListBox1.Items.Add(childCols(i).ColumnName)
Introduction
Next i
Chapter'1 Data
- ADO.NET Basics name
relation
ListBox1.Items.Add("DataRelation Name:" + dtRelation.RelationName)
You just saw
Chapter 6
how to create a DataRelation object, add it to a DataSet, and access its properties. Now
let's look at the DataRelationCollection class, which is a gateway to access data relations.
TheDataRelationCollection class represents a collection of DataRelation objects of a
Chapter 9 -which
DataSet, ADO.NET Exceptionthrough
is accessed Handlingthe Relations property of the DataSet. The Count property of
DataRelationCollection .NETthe
returns Data Provider
number of data relations in a collection, and the Items
Chapter
property11allows
- Stored
youProcedures
to access and Views
a DataRelation based on the index in the collection. Like the other
collection
Chapter 12 classes,
- Oracle, this classand
SQLXML, alsoOther
provides
.NETAdd, Providersand other methods. Table 8-5 describes these
DataRemove,
methods.
Table 8-5:
Chapter 15 - The ADO.NET in Xml Web Services Class Methods
DataRelationCollection
Using
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Adds a DataRelation
Add 18 - Object-Relational
Chapter to the collection.
Mapping in .NET
AddRange Copies an array of DataRelation objects to the end of this collection.
CanRemove
Chapter ReturnsTrue if the specified DataRelation can be removed from the
21 - Messaging
collection;
Chapter 22 - SQL Server otherwiseNotes
and ADO.NET: False.
on Performance
Appendix
ClearA - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Removes all DataRelation objects from the collection.
Contains
Appendix Returns
C - ADO.NET True ifAsked
Frequently a collection contains the specified DataRelation. You should
Questions
Index make sure that a DataRelation exists in the collection before calling the
List of Figures
Remove method to avoid exceptions.
ListIndexOf
of Tables Returns the index of the specified data relation.
List of Listings
Remove
List of Sidebars
Deletes the specified data relation from the collection.
RemoveAt Removes the data relation at the specified index.
Listing 8-10 calls the Contains,CanRemove, and Remove methods to delete a data relation from the
collection.
Listing 8-10: Deleting a Data Relation from the Collection
Dim dtRelCollection As DataRelationCollection = dtSet.Relations

If (dtRelCollection.Contains("CustOrdersRelation")) Then
If (dtRelCollection.CanRemove(dtRelation)) Then
dtRelCollection.Remove(dtRelation)
End If
End If Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Managing data relations
Apress and
2003constraints
(928 pages) programmatically is a new concept for developers. In this chapter,
you learned how This
ADO.NET
text provides you
helps createcoverage
extensive and manage data relations
of ADO.NET and constraints.
technology
Exception and error handling
interfaces, is another
and important part look
takes a comprehensive of programming.
at XML In next chapter, you'll learn how to
namespaces
handle exceptions and
in your code classes,
with andof
the help how to integrate
ADO.NET both with
classes.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
9: ADO.NET Exception ISBN:1590590732
Handling
Effective exception and error
interfaces, handling
and takes ais one of the most
comprehensive important
look at XML things to learn in order to write reliable
namespaces In
and error-proof applications. and classes,
this andwe
chapter, how to integrate
discuss how toboth
usewith
the exception and error handling
ADO.NET.
classes provided by the .NET Framework.
If you come from a C++ background, you're probably familiar with different exception handling methods
Table of Contents
such as C++ exception handling, structured exception handling, and MFC exceptions. If you come from a
Visual Basic (VB) background, you're probably familiar with the On Error statement. Although you can
Introduction
continue to use these techniques to handle errors, .NET implements exceptions differently. In addition, all
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
.NET-supported Basics (C# and VB .NET) share the same mechanism. Now VB developers can enjoy
languages
Chapter
the same2 rich
- Data Components
exception in Visual
handling that Studio .NET
C++ developers enjoy.
Note
Chapter 4 Discussing .NET
- ADO.NET in exception
Connected handling is beyond the scope of this book. In this chapter, we
Environments
Chapter 5 concentrate on ADO.NET
- Handling ADO.NET Eventsexception handling classes only.
VB .NET supports two types of exceptions-unstructured and structured. Remember using the On Error
Chapter 7
statement -inData
VB?Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Using the On Error statement is unstructured handling. In other words, you place the
Chapter
On Error8 - statement
Constraintsat
and
theData Relations
beginning of a block of code and errors are handled at the end of the block.
Unstructured exception handling also employs the Error and Resume statements. All the code after the
Chapter
On Error10 - statement
Working with the ODBC
is within .NET Data
the scope Provider
of the error handler. If there's another On Error statement, then
that becomes the active error handler. However, structured exception handling is a better approach, and
Chapter
there's 12
no -reason
Oracle,why
SQLXML, and Other
you should .NET the
be using DataOnProviders
Error statement.
Structured
Chapter 14 -exception handling
Developing works
Database Web a little differently
Applications usingthan unstructured handling. If you come from a C++
ASP.NET
background, you're probably familiar with Try...Catch blocks. However, if you haven't encountered
them before, it's OK-they're simple enough. Specifically, you place the code within a Try block that you
think may cause an exception, and when an exception rises, the control goes to the Catch block.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Why Use Exception Handling?
If you've been writing
Apresssoftware for pages)
2003 (928 a while, you're probably familiar with why you want to handle exceptions.
Whenever an exception occurs in a program,coverage
This text provides extensive if there'sofno exception
ADO.NET handling, the program crashes with
technology
system-generated messages. Unfortunately, system-generated
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and messages are often incomprehensible.
Instead of systeminterfaces,
messages, and takes
you canahandle
comprehensive
exceptionslookand
at XML
generate user-readable messages. Let's
namespaces
take a simple example. Listingand
9-1classes,
opens and howc:\abc.txt.
the file to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Listing 9-1: Opening a File
Table of Contents
Applied
ImportsADO.NETBuilding
System.IO Data-Driven Solutions
Module Module1
Introduction
Sub1 Main()
Chapter - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 File.Open("c:\\abc.txt", FileMode.Open)
End3 Sub
End Module
Chapter 7
What if the- file
c:\abc.txt doesn't exist? Well, you get a lengthy error message, which looks like Figure
9-1.
Chapter 18 - 9-1:
Figure Object-Relational Mapping in
A system-generated .NET
error
Now let's modify this program little bit to make the error message more readable. As you can see from this
Listing 9-2, you handle the exception using a simple Try...Catch block.
Listing 9-2: A SimpleDatabases:
ExceptionSome Basic Concepts
Handling Block
Imports System.IO
Index
Module Module1
List of
SubFigures
Main()
List of Tables
Try
List of Listings
File.Open("c:\\abc.txt", FileMode.Open)
List of Sidebars
Console.WriteLine("Exception Ocurred :" + exp.Message.ToString())
End Try
End Sub
End Module
If you run the program, the output now looks like Figure 9-2, which not only handles the exception but also
reports the cause of exception.
interfaces,
Figure 9-2: An and takes a error
exception-handled comprehensive
message look at XML
ADO.NET.
Using Try...Catch Statements

Table of Contents
Using ADO.NETBuilding
Applied a Try...Catch statement is pretty
Data-Driven straightforward. First, you decide what code you want the error
Solutions
handler to monitor. Second, you place that code inside the Try...Catch block. When an exception
Introduction
occurs 1within
Chapter that block
- ADO.NET of the code, the control goes to the Catch block and handles the exception the
Basics
way you've
Chapter 2 - specified. Listing 9-3
Data Components showsStudio
in Visual a simple
.NETTry...Catch block.
Listing 9-3: A Simple Try...Catch Block
Try 6
' Place
Chapter 7
your code that may generate
' an exception in this block.
Catch [optional filters]
' This code executes when the Try block fails and
' the filter on the Catch statement is true.
End Try
Chapter 159-3,
In Listing - Using ADO.NETfilter
the optional in Xml Web Services
describes the type of error you want to handle. For example, if you want to
handle16
Chapter memory-related exceptions,
- ASP.NET Server you Data
Controls and placeBinding
a memory-related filter within the block. You'll learn about
filters in17the
Chapter "Defining
- Building Custom Filters
Real-World and Error Messages" section.
Web Applications
Using Try...Catch...Finally Statements
TheTry...Catch...Finally
Chapter 21 - Messaging construct is an extended version of the Try...Catchstatement. If an
error occurs
Chapter during
22 - SQL the and
Server execution of any
ADO.NET: code
Notes on inside the Try section, then control moves to the Catch
Performance
block when
Appendix the filter condition
A - Relational is True.
Databases: The Finally
Some Basic Concepts block always executes last, just before the error
handlingBblock
Appendix loses scope,
- Commonly regardless
Used SQL of whether an exception occurred. The Finally block is the
Statements
perfect place
Appendix to cleanFrequently
C - ADO.NET up by closing files
Asked and disposing objects. Listing 9-4 shows a simple
Questions
Try...Catch...Finally statement.
Index
List of Figures
Listing 9-4: The Try...Catch...Finally Statement
List of Tables
List of Listings
Try
List of Sidebars
' Place your code that may generate
' an exception in this block.
Catch [optional filters]
' This code executes when the Try block fails and
' the filter on the Catch statement is true.
Finally
'Release and dispose objects here.
End Try
Nesting Try...Catch Statements
Can you nest Try...Catch statements? Of course you can. But the only reason you may want to use
nestedTry...Catch blocks is when you want to catch different types of exceptions. For example, say
one block is catching memory-related exceptions, one is catching Input/Output-related exceptions, and
one is catching database-related errors.
interfaces, and takes In that case, nesting
a comprehensive Try...Catch statements would be
look at XML
beneficial. namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
However, you may not need to write nested statements. Actually, you can write multiple Catch statements
with a single Try statement, which may solve the problem of handling multiple types of exceptions. But it
Table of Contents
doesn't mean you can't use nested statements.
Introduction
Using Try
Chapter 1
with Multiple Catch Statements
- ADO.NET Basics
TheTry...Catch statementinallows
Visualyou
Studio .NET multiple Catch statements for a Try statement. For
to write
Chapter 3 you
example, - ADO.NET in Disconnected
can catch Environments
memory, Input/Output (I/O), and database-related exceptions using a simple Try
statement.
Listing 69-5-shows
Chapter how to
Integrating use
XML nested
with Try...Catch blocks and multiple Catch blocks.
ADO.NET
Listing 9-5: Using Nested Try...Catch and Multiple Catch Blocks
Imports
Chapter 10 -System.IO
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim filename As String = "c:\\abc.txt"
Dim Strings As New Collection()
' start first try block here
Try
Dim Stream Server
As Controls and Data Binding
System.IO.StreamReader = _
File.OpenText(filename) Web Applications
Chapter 18 ' -start
Object-Relational
second Mapping in .NET
Try block here
Try
Chapter 20 -WhileCOM Interoperability
True and ADO.NET
Strings.Add(Stream.ReadLine())
Chapter 22 -End Whileand ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
SQL Server
Appendix A Catch eosExp
- Relational As System.IO.EndOfStreamException
' Write EndOfStream
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements exception error
Catch IOExp As System.IO.IOException
Index ' IO Eception error
List of Figures
Console.WriteLine(IOExp.Message)
Strings = Nothing
List of Tables
Finally
List of Listings
' Close and dispose objects here
List of Sidebars
Stream.Close()
End Try
' end second try bkock here
' catch of first Try block

Console.WriteLine(exp.Message)
Finally
' Close and dispose objects here of first Try
' block here
End Try
' end first try block here
End Sub
End Module Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Defining Custom Filters and Error Messages
ADO.NET.
Using a Try...Catch block, you can even define your own custom filters and error messages. For
example,Listing 9-6 defines a filter that fires if the counter variable is 5 or greater and then generates a
custom
Table error message.
of Contents
Listing 9-6: Defining a Custom Filter and Error Message
Introduction
Imports System.IO
Module Module1
Sub Main()
Dim filename As String = "c:\\abc.txt"
Dim counter As Int16 = 10
ChapterTry
Chapter 8 Dim
- Constraints
Stream andAs Data Relations
System.IO.StreamReader = _
Chapter 9 File.OpenText(filename)
ChapterCatch
10 - Working
When with the ODBC
counter > 5.NET Data Provider
Console.WriteLine("Counter Out of Range")
ChapterFinally
' -Close
Chapter 13 anda Custom
Developing dispose objects
Data Provider here of first Try
' -block
Chapter 14 here
ChapterEnd
15 -Try
End16Sub
Chapter - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
End Module
If you run the program, the output looks like Figure 9-3.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List ofFigure
Listings9-3: The custom error message
List of Sidebars
Understanding
Appliedthe Exception
ADO.NET: Classes Solutions
Building Data-Driven
By now you probably have
Apress an (928
2003 ideapages)
of how to implement exception handling in your code. The following
sections give a quick overview of the exception-related
This text provides extensive coverage ofclasses
ADO.NETprovided by the .NET Framework Library.
technology
Using the Exception Class: Mother of All Exceptions
ADO.NET.
TheException class represents errors that occur during application execution. This class is the base
class for all exception classes. In the previous samples, you already saw how to create an object of the
Table of Contents
Exception class. Table 9-1 describes the Exception class properties.
Table 9-1: Exception Class Properties
Introduction
HelpLink Environments
Represents the link to the help file associated with the exception (both get
and set) Environments
InnerException Returns the Exception instance that caused the current exception (get
only)
Message
Chapter Returns
8 - Constraints and the error message that describes the current exception (read only)
Data Relations
Chapter 9
Source - ADO.NET Exception Handling
Represents the name of the application or object that caused the error
(both get and set)
StackTrace
Chapter Returns
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, a string
and Other of the
.NET Dataframes on the call stack at the time the exception
Providers
Chapter 13 - Developing a occurred (read
Custom Data only)
Provider
TargetSite ReturnsWeb Applications
the method that using
throwsASP.NET
the exception (read only)
Understanding Other Exception Classes
Chapter 19 -Framework
The .NET Mapped Objects:
Class Performance Considerations
Library defines and Data
many exception Binding
classes, and each of them is designed to
Chapter
handle20 - COM Interoperability
a specific andFor
kind of exception. ADO.NET
example, an IOException error is thrown when an I/O error
Chapter
occurs.21 - Messaging
TheSystemException
Appendix class is Some
A - Relational Databases: the base class
Basic for system (runtime) errors. Some of the classes derived
Concepts
fromSystemException are StackOverflowException,ArithmeticException,
ArrayTypeMismatchException,FormatException,IOException,OutOfMemory-Exception,
RankException, and TypeLoadException.
Index
List
The of .NET
Figures
Framework Library defines hundreds of exception classes-some of which are specific to a
List of Tables
particular operation. For example, an OutOfMemory exception is thrown when there's not enough
List of Listings
memory to continue the execution of a program. Discussing all of the exception classes is beyond the
List of Sidebars
scope of this chapter.
Exception Handling in ADO.NET
It's now time to talk about
Apress exception
2003 handling in ADO.NET. Each data provider provides three classes:
(928 pages)
Exception,Error, and ErrorCollection. For example,
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NETthe technology
SQL data provider provides the
SqlException,including
SqlError, and SqlErrorCollection classes.
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and You'll look at the ADO.NET-related
classes and theninterfaces,
you'll learnand
howtakes a comprehensive
to implement look
a few of at XML
them in your code.
If you look at the ADO.NET.
System.Data class hierarchy, you'll find many exception classes. These exception
classes are accessible to all data providers through the System.Data namespace and the classes
defined in this namespace. Table 9-2 briefly describes these classes.
Table of Contents
Table 9-2: The System.Data Exception Classes
Introduction
Chapter
CLASS 1 - ADO.NET Basics DESCRIPTION
ConstraintException
This class represents an exception thrown when
attempting an operation that violates a constraint.
DataException This class is a base class for many database-related
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET exception classes such as ContraintException,
NoNullAllowException,
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls and
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations MissingPrimaryKey-Exception. It's thrown
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling when an error is generated using ADO.NET.
DBConcurrencyException This exception is a result of the DataAdapter's
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views Update method when the affected rows after an
Insert, Update, or Delete operation are zero
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider because of the concurrency violation.
DeleteRowInaccessibleException This exception is thrown when a program tries to
delete a DataRow that has already been deleted.
17 - Building Real-World Web ApplicationsThis exception is thrown when a program tries to add
DuplicateNameException
Chapter
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NETa duplicate database object such as a table, relation,
column, or
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations a Data
and constraint to the database schema.
Binding
EvaluateException This exception is thrown when a program isn't able
Chapter 21 - Messaging to evaluate the Expression property of a
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on DataColumn
Performance object.
InRowChangingEventException
This exception is thrown when calling the EndEdit
method within the RowChanging event.
Index
InvalidConstraintException This exception is thrown when a program tries to
List of Figures create an incorrect relation.
List of Tables
InvalidExpressionException This exception is thrown when attempting to add a
List of Listings
DataColumn with an invalid Expression property
List of Sidebars
value to a DataColumnCollection.
MissingPrimaryKeyException This exception is thrown when trying to access a row
in a table that has no primary key.
NoNullAllowedException This exception is thrown when a program tries to
insert a null value where the DataColumn's
AllowDBNull property is False.
NoNullAllowedException This exception is thrown when a program tries to
change the value of a read-only column.
RowNotInTableException This exception
Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven is thrown when a program tries to
Solutions
perform
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot an operation on a row that doesn't belong to
ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928 pages) a table.
StrongTypingException of ADO.NET
This exception technology
is thrown by a strongly typed
DataSet when theand
classes, user accesses a DBNull value.
namespaces and classes, and how
SyntaxErrorException Thistoexception
integrate is
both with when the Expression
thrown
ADO.NET.
property of a DataColumn contains a syntax error.
TypedDataSetGeneratorException This exception is thrown when a name conflict
Table of Contents
occurs while generating a strongly typed DataSet.
VersionNotFoundException
Introduction This exception is thrown when a program tries to
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics return a version of a DataRow that has been
deleted.
Recognizing
- Handling SQL
Chapter 5 Server
ADO.NET Events 2000 Errors
Whenever
Chapter 7 -you
Datarun an invalid
Binding SQL query,
and Windows SQL
Forms Server returns
Data-Bound a formatted error message. Also, SQL
Controls
Server 8writes
Chapter these error
- Constraints messages
and to the error log and/or event log. For instance, if you select records
Data Relations
from a database
Chapter 9
table that doesn't exist, SQL Server will return an error message including the message
ID, severity level, error state, line number, and the error message. For example, if you execute the
following SQL query:
select * from SomeTable
Chapter 15 - Usingdoesn't
butSomeTable ADO.NET in in
exist Xml
theWeb Servicesthen SQL Server will return an error that looks like the
database,
Chapter 16
following: - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Server: Msg 208, Level 16, State 1, Line 1
Chapter
Invalid19 -object
name 'SomeTable'.
The first
Chapter 22part of the
- SQL error
Server is the
and error message
ADO.NET: Notes on number. Each error message has an associated error
Performance
messageA number
Appendix thatDatabases:
- Relational uniquely identifies the Concepts
Some Basic error. Error messages number from 1 to 49,999 are reserved
for SQL BServer.
Appendix You can
- Commonly also
Used define
SQL your own custom error messages, but your message number must
Statements
be fall between
Appendix 50,000
C - ADO.NET and 2,147,483,647.
Index
The second part of the message is the error severity level, which falls between 0 and 25. The error
List of Figures
severity represents the nature of the error. Table 9-3 describes the severity levels.
List of Tables
List of Listings
Table 9-3: Severity Levels
List of Sidebars
RANGE DESCRIPTION
0-10 These messages are not actual errors. These messages are used only for
informational purposes.
11-16 including
Severity levelsADO.NET internals,
11-16 are namespaces,
generated classes,
because of and
user problems and can be fixed by the
user.interfaces, and takes
For example, a comprehensive
the error look atinXML
message returned the invalid Update query, used
earlier, had a severity level of 16.
ADO.NET.
17 SQL Server has run out of a configurable resource, such as locks.
Table
18 of Contents
Represents nonfatal internal software problems.
19
Introduction A nonconfigurable resource limit has been exceeded.
Chapter
20 1 - ADO.NET Basics
Represents a problem with a statement issued by the current process.
21
Chapter 3
SQL Server has encountered a problem that affects all the processes in a database.
Chapter
22 4 - ADO.NET in Connected
Represents a table or Environments
index that has been damaged.
23 Represents a suspect database.
Chapter
24 7 - Data Binding a
Represents and Windowsproblem.
hardware Forms Data-Bound Controls
25 Represents some type of system error.
Chapter 11 Severity
Note - Stored level
Procedures
errors and
thatViews
fall between 19 and 25 are fatal errors and can only be used via
Chapter 12 RAISERROR
- Oracle, SQLXML, and
by membersOtherof .NET Datadatabase
the fixed Providers role sysadmin with the with log option
Chapter 13 required.
The next
Chapter 15part of SQL
- Using Server
ADO.NET in error message
Xml Web is the state number, which varies from 1 to 127; it represents
Services
information
Chapter about theServer
16 - ASP.NET source that issued
Controls the error.
and Data Binding
The line portion of the error message represents the source line where the actual error occurred.
The last
Chapter 19part of the error
- Mapped message
Objects: is the error
Performance description.
Considerations andThe SQL
Data Server error messages are stored in
Binding
the sysmessages
Chapter system table. To
20 - COM Interoperability andread all the messages from this table, you can run the following SQL
ADO.NET
query in21the
Chapter Query Analyzer:
- Messaging
Appendix
selectA *- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
from sysmessages
Index
Using SQL Server Error Logs
List of Figures
List of Tables
SQL
List of Server
Listings maintains an error log (in text format) that stores the server information and error messages.
Error
List log files can help you track down problems or alert you to potential or existing problems. The SQL
of Sidebars
Server log files are stored in the LOG folder of the SQL Server home folder. This folder has more than one
log file (usually seven), and the first of them is ERRORLOG. By default there's no extension to these files. To
see their contents, you need to add a .txt extension to the file. Note that you may not be able to change
the name of the log file if SQL Server is running. So, stop SQL Server before modifying or reading the log
file. The partial contents of ERRORLOG looks like the following:
2002-10-27 13:32:00.57 server

Microsoft SQL Server 2000 - 8.00.194 (Intel X86)
Aug 6 2000 00:57:48
Copyright (c) 1988-2000 Microsoft Corporation
Personal Edition on Windows NT 5.0 (Build 2195:
Service Pack 3)
Applied ADO.NET:
2002-10-27 13:32:00.79 server Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
Copyright (C) 1988-2000 Microsoft and David Talbot
Corporation. ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
2002-10-27 13:32:00.79 server (928 pages)
All rights reserved.
including ADO.NET
2002-10-27 13:32:00.79 internals, namespaces, classes, and
server
Server Process ID is 596.
2002-10-27 13:32:00.79
ADO.NET. server
Logging SQL Server messages in file
'D:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL\log\ERRORLOG'.
Table of Contents
2002-10-27 13:32:00.97 server
SQL Server is startingData-Driven Solutions class 'normal'(1 CPU detected).
at priority
Introduction
2002-10-27 13:32:02.43 server
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
SQL Server Basics
configured for thread mode processing.
Chapter 2 - Data
2002-10-27 Components in server
13:32:02.57 Visual Studio .NET
Using3 dynamic
Chapter - ADO.NETlock allocation.
[500]4 Lock
Chapter Blocks,
- ADO.NET [1000]Environments
in Connected Lock Owner Blocks.
2002-10-27
Chapter 13:32:02.95
5 - Handling spid3
ADO.NET Events
Chapter
SQL Server also adds error messages to the Windows NT event log. You can use the Windows NT Event
Viewer to view the error messages. The Windows NT Event Viewer is located in the Windows NT
Administrative Toolswith the ODBC .NET Data Provider
group.
Using the SqlException Class
TheSqlException Database
class Webwhen
is thrown Applications using ASP.NET
SQL Server returns a warning or error. The SqlException
class is inherited from the SystemException class, which in turn is inherited from the Exception class.
Chapter
Besides16the
- ASP.NET
ExceptionServer Controls
class and Data
members, the Binding
SqlException class defines the properties described in
Chapter 17
Table 9-4. - Building Real-World Web Applications
Table 9-4:
Chapter 19 - The
Mapped Class Properties
SqlException Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
Class 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:
Returns Notes
the severity levelon
ofPerformance
the error.
Errors Returns a collection of one or more SqlError objects. This property is used
when you need to collect more information about the errors generated by the
Sql data provider.
Index
ListLineNumber
of Figures Returns the line number within the SQL command or stored procedure that
List of Tables generated the error.
ListMessage
of Listings
Represents human-readable text of the error.
List of Sidebars
Number Returns a number that identifies the type of error.
Procedure Represents the name of the stored procedure that generated the error.
Server Represents the name of the computer running SQL Server.
Source Returns the name of the provider.
State Numeric error code from SQL Server that represents an error or warning.
OK, now you'll see the SqlException class in action. Listing 9-7 connects to a SQL Server called MCB,
reads data from the Customers table, and then fills a DataSet.
Listing 9-7: Reading Data from a SQL Server
Dim ConnectionString As String ="Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
"Initial
includingCatalog=Northwind;Data
ADO.NET internals, namespaces,Source=MCB;"
classes, and
Dim conn interfaces,
As SqlConnection = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
namespaces
Dim SQL As String and classes, and*how
= "SELECT to integrate
FROM both with
Customers"
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Try
' open a connection
Introduction
conn.Open()
adapter.Fill(ds, "Customers")
' Generate error message
Chapter 4 Console.WriteLine("Error:"
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments + exp.Message & _
Chapter 5 ",- Handling
Number:" ADO.NET Events
+ exp.Number.ToString() & _
Chapter 6 ",- Integrating XML with
Line Number: " ADO.NET
+ exp.LineNumber.ToString() & _
Chapter 7 ",- Data Binding and
Server:" Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
+ exp.Server.ToString() & _
Chapter 8 ",- Constraints
Source:" and+Data Relations
exp.Source.ToString())
ChapterFinally
Chapter 10' -Close
Workingthe connection
Chapter 11If- Stored
conn.State
Procedures= and
ConnectionState.Open
Views Then
Chapter 12 -conn.Close()
Chapter 13End If
Chapter 14 - Developingthe
' Dispose connection
conn.Dispose()
End If
End Try
Now change the SQL Server name to MCB1. The connection string looks like following:
Dim ConnectionString As Some Basic
String = Concepts
"InitialUsed SQL Statements
Catalog=Northwind;Data Source=MCB1;"
Index
If you
List run the code after changing the SQL Server name, it generates an error that looks like Figure 9-4.
of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 9-4: SqlException messages for SQL Server not found
Now let's switch the SQL Server to MCB and change the SQL string to the following:
Dim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Test"

The output looks like Figure 9-5.
ADO.NET.
Figure 9-5: SqlException messages when a database table not found

Table of Contents
Using the SqlError and SqlErrorCollection Classes
Introduction
TheSqlException.Errors property returns an object of SqlErrorCollection class. This object is
a collection of SqlError objects, each of which encapsulates an error or warning by SQL Server. The
Count property of SqlErrorCollection returns the total number of errors in a collection, and the
Item property returns an error at the specified index.
Chapter 6 - property
TheClass Integrating
of XML with ADO.NET
SqlError represents the severity level of the error, which varies from 0 to 25.
Chapter
Even using the severity level, you can Forms
7 - Data Binding and Windows notify aData-Bound
user of theControls
results of the error.
Messages
Chapter 9 -with a severity
ADO.NET level starting
Exception Handlingfrom 0 to 10 are informational and indicate a nonfatal error. Severity
levels from 11 to 16 indicate a user error that can be corrected by the user. Severity levels from 17 to 25
indicate software or hardware errors, but the program can continue working. Severity level 20 or more
indicates serious fatal errors and may cause damage.
Chapter
Listing 13
9-8-uses
Developing a Customand
the SqlError DataSqlErrorCollection
Provider classes and handles the errors generated by
Chapter
the Sql14 - Developing
data provider. Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Listing16
- ASP.NET Controls and
SqlError
Server and SqlErrorCollection
Data Binding Objects
Chapter
Imports18 -System.Data.SqlClient
Chapter
Module 19 Module1
Sub20Main()
Chapter - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
Chapter'21
Create a Connection Object
- Messaging
ChapterDim
22 -ConnectionString As Notes
SQL Server and ADO.NET: String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
on Performance
"Initial
Appendix A - Relational Catalog=Northwind;Data
Databases: Some Basic Concepts Source=MCB;"
Dim
Appendix B -conn As SqlConnection
Commonly = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Used SQL Statements
Dim SQL As String = "SELECT * FROM Test"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Try
List of Listings
' open a connection
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
adapter.Fill(ds, "Customers")
' Generate error message
Dim errs As SqlErrorCollection = exp.Errors
Dim i As Integer
Dim err As SqlError
For Each err In errs
Console.WriteLine("Error #:" & i.ToString() & _
", Class:" & err.Class.ToString() & _
", Line Number :" & err.LineNumber & _
", Message:" & err.Message & _
", Source:" & err.Source & _
Applied ADO.NET: &Building
", Server:" Data-Driven Solutions
err.Server)
Next by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
Finally ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
' Close the connection(928 pages)
This text provides
If conn.State extensive coverage of ADO.NET
= ConnectionState.Open Then technology
including
conn.Close() ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
conn.Dispose()
Table of Contents
End If
AppliedEnd
ADO.NETBuilding
Try Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
End Sub
End Module
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress about
2003 exception handling. You saw how exception handling works in .NET, and
(928 pages)
you learned how This
to handle exceptions in ADO.NET.
ODBC .Net data provider classes
interfaces, work
and takes with ODBC data
a comprehensive sources.
look at XML The good thing about ODBC connectivity
namespaces
is that an application and classes,
can connect and data
to multiple how sources
to integrate both as
as long with
it has an ODBC driver for the data
ADO.NET.
source. In next chapter, you'll learn about the ODBC .Net data provider, and you'll learn how to write
applications that access various data sources.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
10: Working with the ODBC
.NET Data
ISBN:1590590732
ProviderApress 2003 (928 pages)

including
In previous chapters, ADO.NET
you saw internals,
how to use the namespaces, classes,
Sql data provider and with SQL Server databases. You
to work
also learned that namespaces
there aren't and
great differences between any of the data providers. With a few minor
exceptions, it's just a matter
ADO.NET. of changing class names and the connection string. You don't believe us? To
prove this theory, you'll see how to use the ODBC data provider in this chapter.
The of
Table ODBC data provider uses ODBC drivers to connect to different data sources; it's useful when you're
Contents
not sure
Applied what database your
ADO.NETBuilding clients will
Data-Driven be using in their applications. The user shouldn't have any trouble
Solutions
connecting as long as they have an ODBC driver for the database installed on their machine. In this
Introduction
chapter,
Chapter 1 you'll see how
- ADO.NET you can use the ODBC .NET data provider to work with MySQL, Oracle, Excel, and
Basics
even text
Chapter 2 data files.
Using the
Chapter 4 ODBC
- ADO.NET .NET Environments
in Connected Data Provider
You read a- brief
Chapter 6
discussion about the ODBC .NET data provider in Chapter 4. The ODBC .NET data
provider provides access to ODBC data sources with the help of native ODBC drivers in the same way that
the OleDb data provider accesses native OLE DB providers. One of the best things about working with
ADO.NET data providers is that all the data providers define a similar class hierarchy. The only things you
need to change are the classes and the connection string.
Chapter
Before 11
you- start
Stored Procedures
using and .NET
the ODBC Viewsdata provider, let's quickly look at some installation issues.
Note
Chapter 13 If- you're usinga Visual
Developing CustomStudio .NET (VS .NET) code name Everett, you don't need to worry about
Data Provider
installation because the ODBC .NET data provider is already installed.You can skip the following
section.
Installing the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Unlike the Sql and OleDb data providers, the ODBC data provider is an add-on component to the .NET
Framework. If the ODBC .NET provider isn't installed on your system, you can download it from the .NET
Software Development Kit (SDK) and VS .NET on the Microsoft site (www.microsoft.com/data).
Chapter 22 Microsoft
Note - SQL Server and ADO.NET:
VS .NET Notes
code name on Performance
Everett installs the ODBC .NET data provider automatically.
After installing
Appendix the ODBC
B - Commonly data
Used SQLprovider, you need to customize the Toolbox to add the ODBC data
Statements
components
Appendix to it. YouFrequently
C - ADO.NET can customize
Asked the Toolbox by right-clicking the Data tab and selecting Customize
Questions
Toolbox.
Index
List ofNote
Figures
Make sure the Data tab is selected when you choose Customize Toolbox. Otherwise, new
List of Tables
components will be added to the active tab.
List of Listings
Next,
List click the .NET Framework Components tab (not the default COM components) and look for the
of Sidebars
ODBC components. Check the appropriate boxes, and then click the OK button. These check boxes are
OdbcCommand,OdbcCommandBuilder,OdbcConnection, and OdbcDataAdapter.
Next, you need to add a reference to the Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll assembly using Project Add
Reference. You can use the Browse button to browse the directory. The Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll
assembly resides in the \Program Files\Microsoft.NET\Odbc.NET directory. On the Add
Reference dialog box, select Microsoft.Data.Odbc.dll and then click the OK button, which adds the
Microsoft.Data.Odbc namespace reference to the project. You can see the namespace reference by
expanding the References node of your project in the Server Explorer.
To make sure the ODBC data provider is installed and added to your project, you can also look at the
Toolbox. If the ODBC data provider is installed on your machine, the Toolbox will display the ODBC data
components.
by Mahesh
Note The Toolbox's Chand
Data and available
tab isn't David Talbot
for console applications. However, you can use ADO.NET
ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
in console-based applications
(928 pages) by writing the code manually.
You saw how to use the SQL
including and OleDb
ADO.NET datanamespaces,
internals, providers inclasses,
previousand
chapters. Working with the ODBC data
interfaces,
provider is no different fromand takeswith
working a comprehensive look atdata
the Sql and OleDb XML providers. Unlike the Sql and OleDb data
providers, however,namespaces
the ODBC and classes,
data andishow
provider to integrate
defined both with
in the Microsoft.Data.Odbc namespace. You
ADO.NET.
must add the following reference to this namespace before you can start using the ODBC data provider
classes:
Table of Contents
Applied
ImportsADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Microsoft.Data.Odbc
Introduction
Note If you're using Microsoft VS .NET code name Everett, the ODBC data provider is defined in the
System.Data.Odbc namespace. Make sure you import the correct namespace.
Understanding
Chapter 6 thewith
- Integrating XML ODBC
ADO.NET.NET Data Provider
The ODBC data provider defines similar classes and a similar class hierarchy as the Sql and OleDb data
providers. Further, you can use the ODBC data provider classes the same way as you've used the Sql and
OleDb data provider classes. Table 10-1 defines the ODBC data provider classes.
Table 10-1: The ODBC .NET Data Provider Classes
CLASS
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom DataDESCRIPTION
Provider
OdbcCommand Similar to OleDbCommand and SqlCommand, this class
represents an SQL statement or stored procedure to execute
against a data source.
18 - Object-Relational Mapping Similar
OdbcCommandBuilder
Chapter in .NET to OleDbCommandBuilder and
SqlCommandBuilder,
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance thisBinding
Considerations and Data class automatically generates
SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE SQL commands.
OdbcConnection Represents a connection.
OdbcDataAdapter Represents a DataAdapter.
OdbcDataReader Represents a DataReader.
OdbcError Represents errors and warnings.
Index
ListOdbcErrorCollection
of Figures Represents a collection of errors and warnings.
List of Tables
OdbcException Represents an ODBC Exception class.
List of Listings
ListOdbcParameter
of Sidebars Represents an ODBC parameter.
OdbcParameterCollection Represents a parameter collection.
OdbcTransaction Represents a transaction.
As you can see from Table 10-1, the ODBC data provider has many classes that are similar to the Sql and
OleDb data providers. To use the ODBC data provider classes, you create a Connection object and
then fill data from the Connection object to a DataAdapter or a DataReader, and they display the
data.
Accessing Applied
Access Databases
Now you'll see anApress
example of (928
2003 howpages)
to access data from a data source using the ODBC data provider. In this
example, you'll use the Access 2000 Northwind
This text provides extensive database
coverage as the data
of ADO.NET source.
technology
Before creating ainterfaces,
connection, the
and firstathing
takes you need to
comprehensive setatis XML
look the connection string. The connection string
for OdbcConnection contains
namespaces anda classes,
data source driver
and how to and the data
integrate bothsource
with path with an optional user ID and
ADO.NET.
password. Optionally, you can also use an ODBC Data Source Name (DSN) as the connection string. You
create a DSN from the ODBC Administration applet in the Windows Control Panel.
Table of Contents
The connection string for an Oracle database looks like the following:
Introduction
Driver={Microsoft ODBC for Oracle};Server=ORACLE8i7;UID=odbcuser;PWD=odbc$5xr
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
The connection stringinfor
Disconnected
a Microsoft Environments
Access database looks like the following:
Driver={Microsoft AccessEvents
Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ=c:\\Northwind.mdb
The connection
Chapter string for
8 - Constraints andanData
Excel database looks like the following:
Relations
Chapter 10 - Working with Excel
Driver={Microsoft the ODBC .NET Data
Driver Provider
(*.xls)};DBQ=c:\bin\book1.xls
The connection string for a text database looks like the following:
Driver={Microsoft
Chapter Text
15 - Using ADO.NET Driver
in Xml (*.txt; *.csv)};DBQ=c:\\
Web Services
You can use any DSN by using the following connection string:
DSN=dsnname
Chapter 22 - SQL string
The connection Serverfor
anda ADO.NET: Notes
SQL Server on Performance
database looks like following:
"DRIVER={SQL Used SQL Statements
Server};SERVER=MyServer;UID=sa;PWD=Qvr&77xk;DATABASE=northwind;";
Index
Listing
List 10-1 reads data from the Northwind database and shows the results on the console. For this
of Figures
example,
List create a console application to test the code. As you can see from Listing 10-1, first you import the
of Tables
Microsoft.Data.Odbc
List of Listings namespace. After that you create an OdbcConnection object with the
Microsoft
List Access ODBC driver and the Northwind database. The next step is to create an OdbcCommand
of Sidebars
object and call the ExecuteReader method, which returns an OdbcDataReader object. Finally, you read
data from the DataReader and display the results on the console.
Listing 10-1: Reading Data from Northwind Using the ODBC Data Provider
Imports Microsoft.Data.Odbc
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' Build a connection and SQL strings
Dim connectionString As String = _
"Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};DBQ=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
Dim SQL As String _
= "SELECTApplied ADO.NET: FirstName,
EmployeeID, Building Data-Driven Solutions
LastName FROM Employees"
by Mahesh Chand
' Create connection object and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Dim conn Apress 2003 (928 pages)

As OdbcConnection = New OdbcConnection(connectionString)
This
' Create command text provides
object extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Dim cmd As including ADO.NET internals,
OdbcCommand = New namespaces, classes, and
OdbcCommand(SQL)
cmd.Connection
namespaces = conn
' Open connection
ADO.NET.
conn.Open()
' Call command's ExecuteReader
Table of Contents
Dim reader As OdbcDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
Read the reader Data-Driven Solutions results on the console
and display
Introduction
Console.WriteLine("Employeed ID, First Name, Last Name ")
ChapterWhile
1 - ADO.NET Basics
reader.Read()
Chapter 2 Console.Write(reader.GetInt32(0).ToString())
Chapter 3 Console.Write(", ") Environments
Chapter 4 Console.Write(reader.GetString(1).ToString())
Chapter 5 Console.Write(", ")
Chapter 6 Console.WriteLine(reader.GetString(2).ToString())
ChapterEnd
7 -While
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
End Sub
End Module
Chapter 16 - of
The output ASP.NET
Listing Server Controls
10-1 looks like and Data
Figure Binding
10-1. As you can see, the program reads the EmployeeID,
FirstName,
Chapter 17 - and LastName
Building fields
Real-World Webfrom Employees table.
Applications
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 10-1: The output of Listing 10-1
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Accessing Applied
MySQL Databases
MySQL is a widely used,multithreaded,
Apress 2003 (928 pages) multiuser, robust SQL database server. You can use MySQL for
free under the GNU General Publicextensive
This text provides License.coverage
You canofdownload
ADO.NETthe MySQL database and its tools from
technology
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and zipped file, you unzip it in a folder
www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html. After downloading the
interfaces,
and run Setup.exe. and takes
By default a comprehensive
the setup look at XML
file installs MySQL in your C:/mysql folder. The
namespaces
Documentation section and classes, and
(www.mysql.com) how
has to integrate
detailed both with
instructions on how to install and register the
ADO.NET.
MySQL server and its services.
Note You may need Administrator rights to install and register the MySQL server and its services.
Table of Contents
After installing Data-Driven
MySQL, make sure it'sSolutions
running. If the service isn't running, you may need to start it
Introduction
manually. You can start it by selecting Control Panel Administrative Tools Services, right-clicking the
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
MySql service, Basics
and then selecting the Start menu option. This action will start MySql as a service. Because
Chapter 2 - Data
in this chapter Components
you'll be using in VisualtoStudio
ODBC .NET
connect to a MySQL database, you need to install an ODBC driver
Chapter 3 -can
for it. You ADO.NET
find theinmost
widely used ODBC driver for MySQL, MyODBC, at
www.mysql.com/downloads/api-myodbc.html.
After downloading
Chapter 6
the zipped driver file, the obvious action is to unzip it and install it. If the driver is installed
properly, you can see it from the ODBC Data Source Administrator by selecting Control Panel Data
Source (ODBC). You must see MySQL in the ODBC Drivers list to proceed.
Chapter 9 program,
For your - ADO.NET
youException
can useHandling
any MySQL database you have on the server, but for this example, use the
Chapter 10 -database.
Northwind Working with the ODBC
You've never .NET
heardData
of aProvider
MySQL version of the Northwind database, you say? Well,
Chapter 11 -one.
there isn't Stored Procedures
You'll andAccess
convert the Views Northwind database to MySQL and then you'll use it.
To convert
Chapter 13 - (or, import) athe
Developing Access
Custom Northwind
Data Provider database, you can use a free tool called DBTools Manager.
This tool provides many handy functions for MySQL developers. You can download DBTools at
www.dbtools.com.br.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Accessing Applied
MySQL Databases
As we've been saying,
Apressworking with
2003 (928 different data sources is only a matter of changing the connection
pages)
string and class names. You can access
This text provides extensivea MySQL database
coverage either
of ADO.NET using a DSN or using the database
technology
name directly in the
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and directly, as shown in the following
connection string. You can use a database name
code: interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
dim connectionString as string =
"Driver={MySQL};SERVER=localhost;DATABASE=NorthwindMySQL;"
Table of Contents
Introduction
Or you 1can- use
Chapter an ODBC
ADO.NET BasicsDSN, as you can see from the following code that uses TestDSN to connect to
the data
Chapter 2 source:
Dim conn
Chapter as OdbcConnection
4 - ADO.NET = new OdbcConnection("DSN=TestDSN")
To test this code, create a Windows application, add a DataGrid control to the form, and then write the
code in Listing 10-2 on the Form_Load event. As you can see in Listing 10-2, this code is similar to the
Chapter 8 saw
code you - Constraints
in Listingand Data
10-1. Relations
It creates a Connection object, a DataAdapter, fills the DataSet from
theDataAdapter, and then sets the DataSet'sDefaultViewManager as the DataGrid control's
DataSource with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
property.
Listing12
Chapter 10-2: Accessing
- Oracle, a MySQL
SQLXML, Database
Chapter
Private14 -Sub
Form1_Load(ByVal sender using ASP.NET
As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal15 -eUsing
As ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
ChapterDim
16 -connectionString
ASP.NET Server ControlsAs
andString
Data Binding
= _
Chapter"Driver={MySQL};SERVER=localhost;DATABASE=NorthwindMySQL;"
ChapterDim
18 -conn As OdbcConnection
Object-Relational = New OdbcConnection(connectionString)
Mapping in .NET
Chapterconn.Open()
ChapterDim
20 -da
COMAs OdbcDataAdapter
Interoperability = New OdbcDataAdapter _
and ADO.NET
Chapter("SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, ContactTitle FROM Customers", conn)
21 - Messaging
ChapterDim
22 -ds
SQLAs DataSet
Server = NewNotes
and ADO.NET: DataSet("Cust")
on Performance
da.Fill(ds, "Customers")
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
Index
End Sub
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Accessing Applied
Text File Databases
To test text database connectivity,
Apress you can export the Employees table of the Northwind database using
2003 (928 pages)
the File ExportThis
option of Access 2000. In the
text provides extensive following
coverage section, you'll
of ADO.NET export a table to a text file, and
technology
you'll see how to including
use it withADO.NET
the ODBC DataAdapter.
Exporting an Access Table to a Text File
ADO.NET.
You can export an Access database table to a text file using the Export option. In other words, select a
Table
tableofand
Contents
choose File Export. Another option is to rightclick a table and choose the Export option from
the menu.
Introduction
After clicking
Chapter the Export
1 - ADO.NET option, the dialog box that appears lets you pick a path and the file you want to
Basics
export. There
Chapter 2
are many export formats available. For this example, select the Text Files option.
Chapter 3 Export
Next, the - ADO.NET
Text in Disconnected
Wizard lets youEnvironments
define the format of the text file-either delimited or fixed width (see
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Figure 10-2). in Connected Environments
Figure 10-2: Export Text Wizard options
Chapter
You can22also
- SQL Server
click and ADO.NET:
the Advanced Notes
button on more
to set Performance
options, such as specifying the delimiters and other
options (see
Appendix Figure 10-3).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 10-3: The advanced options of the Export Text Wizard

The next screen lets you pick the delimiter, including a comma, tab, semicolon, space, and others. Figure
10-4 shows the Comma option checked.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 6 - 10-4: Delimiter
Integrating XML options of the Export Text Wizard
with ADO.NET
Figure 10-4 also shows the Include Field Names on First Row check box selected. This option adds the
first row of the text file as field names.
Chapter 10page
The last - Working
of the with theasks
wizard ODBC .NET
you forData Provider of where you want to export the data. Enter the
the filename
Chapter 11C:\Employees.txt.
filename - Stored Procedures and Views
Finally,13
Chapter click the Finish abutton.
- Developing Custom When
Data the wizard is done exporting, you'll see a message saying the export
Provider
is finished.
Chapter 14 -Click OK and
Developing close Access.
Chapter 15 -C:\Employees.txt,
If you view Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
it looks like Figure 10-5.
Appendix C - 10-5:
Figure ADO.NET Frequently
Exported Asked Questions
Employees.txt file from Nothwind.mdb
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Accessing a Text File
List of Listings
List
You of can
Sidebars
access a text file using the ODBC data provider. There are two ways to access text files: You can
create a DSN from the ODBC Data Source Administrator, or you can access the text file directly from your
application. To create a data source for a text file, go to ODBC Data Source Admin, click the New button
(or the Add button if you're using Windows XP), and select the Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt, *.csv) option
(see Figure 10-6).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 10-6:
Figure ADO.NET Basics the Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt, *.csv) option
Selecting
You define the DSN name and description in the ODBC Text Setup dialog box. If you don't want to use the
current directory, uncheck the Use Current Directory option to enable the Select Directory button and click
Options to see more options (see Figure 10-7).
Figure 10-7: Setting the DSN name and description
Appendix
Now youAcan
select any directorySome BasictoConcepts
you want use. An entire text file is used as a database table (see
Figure 10-8).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 10-8: Selecting the directory and file types
You can even define different formats by using the Define Format button in the ODBC Text Setup dialog
box. As you can see from Figure 10-9, all files are treated as a database table. From the Format drop-
down box, you can select the type of format you want such as comma delimited or tab delimited. The
Guess button assigns the column names for you. If it doesn't find a proper format file, it creates F1...Fn
columns for you. You can also add, modify, and remove columns and their types.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 10-9: Defining a text file format and column settings
After creating a DSN,ADO.NET
you can Events
use it as a connection source for your connection:
Chapter 7 - Data
Dim conn Binding and Windows =Forms
As OdbcConnection New Data-Bound Controls
OdbcConnection("DSN=TxtDSN")
Another10way
Chapter to access
- Working withtext
thefiles
ODBCis directly
.NET Datausing the text ODBC driver in the connection string. For
Provider
example,
Chapter 11ConnectionString in Views
- Stored Procedures and the following code defines a connection with the Microsoft Text Driver
and the12
Chapter source directory
- Oracle, c:\:
Dim connectionString
Chapter As Web
14 - Developing Database String = _ using ASP.NET
Applications
"Driver={Microsoft
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NETText
in Xml Driver (*.txt; *.csv)};DBQ=c:\\"
Web Services
Every.txt or .csv file in the C:\ directory will be treated as a database table, which you pass in your
SQL string:
OdbcConnection conn = new OdbcConnection(ConnectionString);
OdbcDataAdapter da = new OdbcDataAdapter
("Select * FROM Employees.txt", conn
To test this code, create a Windows application, drop a DataGrid control onto the form, and use the
Index
code
List in Listing 10-3 for the Form_Load event.
of Figures
List of Tables
Listing 10-3: Accessing the TextDB.txt File
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
' Connection string for a Text File
"Driver={Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt; *.csv)};DBQ=c:\\"
' Query the Employees.txt file as a table
Dim conn As OdbcConnection = New OdbcConnection(connectionString)
conn.Open()
' Create a data adapter and fill a DataSet
Dim da As OdbcDataAdapter = New OdbcDataAdapter _
("Select * FROM Employees.txt", conn)
Applied
da.Fill(ds, ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
"TextDB")
by Mahesh
' Bind the DataSet Chandtoanda David Talbot
DataGrid ISBN:1590590732
This text
' Close the provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
connection
including
conn.Close() ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
conn.Dispose()
End Sub ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Note Data-Driven
Don't forget to add Solutions
a reference to the Microsoft.Data.Odbc namespace.
Introduction
If you compile
Chapter and run
1 - ADO.NET the application, you should see data in the DataGrid control.
Basics
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Accessing Applied
ExcelADO.NET:
Databases
You'll now learn how to
Apress connect
2003 (928topages)
Excel databases. If you don't have an Excel database, you can export
data from your Northwind database to test this
This text provides extensive example.
coverage As you did
of ADO.NET in the previous section, export the
technology
Employees table including
from Microsoft
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and selecting the Export option. (You
Access by right-clicking the table and
can also choose interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
File Export).
When you export,ADO.NET.
make sure you select the Microsoft Excel 97-2000 (*.xls) option in the Save as Type
drop-down list. For this example, save the file as Employees.xls.
Table
Now,ofif Contents
you open Employees.xls, it looks like Figure 10-10.
Introduction
Figure 10-10: Employees.xls data view
Again, you can access the Excel database either by using an ODBC DSN or by passing the database
name directly in the connection string. In this example, you're passing the database name directly:
Dim ConnectionString as string =
"Driver={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};DBQ=c:\\Employees.xls"
After that,
Chapter 18 -the code should beMapping
Object-Relational familiarinto.NET
you. It's the same steps as creating a DataAdapter, selecting
some fields
Chapter of the table,
19 - Mapped filling
Objects: a DataSetConsiderations
Performance from the DataAdapter, and binding data with the data-bound
and Data Binding
controls.
Chapter 20To test this
- COM code, create
Interoperability a Windows
and ADO.NET application, add a DataGrid control and a ListBox
control21
Chapter to the form, and import the Microsoft.Data.Odbc namespace. Listing 10-4 shows the full
- Messaging
source 22
Chapter code.
- SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Listing 10-4: AccessingEmployees.xls Using the ODBC Data Provider
private void Form1_Load(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
Index
{ of Figures
List
// Connection string for ODBC Excel Driver
List of Tables
string ConnectionString =
List of Listings
@"Driver={Microsoft Excel Driver (*.xls)};DBQ=c:\Employees.xls";
List of Sidebars
OdbcConnection conn = new OdbcConnection(ConnectionString);
// Tables in Excel can be thought of as sheets and are queried as shown

string sql = "Select EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName FROM Employees";
conn.Open();
OdbcDataAdapter da = new OdbcDataAdapter(sql, conn);
DataSet ds = new DataSet();

da.Fill(ds, "Employees");
dataGrid1.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager;
listBox1.DataSource = ds.DefaultViewManager;
Applied ADO.NET:
listBox1.DisplayMember Building Data-Driven Solutions
= "Employees.FirstName";
} by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 10-11: Output of Listing 10-4
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Implementing Two
Applied .NETBuilding
ADO.NET: 1.1 Updates
The following twoApress
.NET version 1.1
2003 (928 updates affect the ODBC data provider:
pages)
Require FullTrust forADO.NET
including OleDb, ODBC, and
internals, OracleClient:
namespaces, Youand
classes, can now use portions of
System.Data interfaces, andtrusted
in partially takes aapplications,
comprehensive look
such asatSQL
XMLClient. This means that it's now
necessary tonamespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
require FullTrust permission for OleDb, ODBC, and OracleClient. It's not possible to
ADO.NET.
allow these providers to work in partially trusted scenarios because of their interaction with native
pointers and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs).
Table of Contents
Workaround: Data-Driven
If you're Solutions
using .NET Framework version 1.0 and are setting system.data.dll as
Introduction
allowed in partially trusted scenarios, you must modify your security settings to allow these
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
components Basics
to work in partially trusted scenarios.
Removed an OnStateChange(Open) event from OLE DB client and ODBC client packages: The
.NET Framework version 1.0 was incorrectly firing an OnStatechange(Open) event when there was
an invalid connection string.
Workaround:
Chapter No workaround
8 - Constraints is available for this change. Generally, this indicates that the change
and Data Relations
isn't intended to have a workaround.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The best thing about
ApressADO.NET is pages)
2003 (928 that it treats all types of data sources similarly. As we've stated
repeatedly, the only difference is the connection
This text provides extensive stringofand
coverage the class
ADO.NET names. If you know how to build a
technology
connection string,including
you canADO.NET
use the same code to work with multiple
internals, namespaces, classes, and data sources. Based on this theory,
interfaces,
you saw how to work and
with the takes aOracle,
MySQL, comprehensive
and Sybaselook at XML
databases. You also saw how to work with
namespaces
Excel spreadsheets and classes, and how to integrate both with
and text files.
ADO.NET.
When it comes to the performance of database applications, server-side data objects such as stored
procedures and views play a vital role. ADO.NET-with the help of VS .NET-provides great support for
Table of Contents
creating, managing, and executing stored procedures. The next chapter covers stored procedures and
views, as well as how to write database applications using these two objects.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
11: Stored Procedures ISBN:1590590732
and Views
Apress
Relational databases 2003
such as (928
SQLpages)
Server and Oracle rely on stored procedures to do repetitive tasks, so
This text provides
a programmer's main jobs when creating extensive coverageapplications
database of ADO.NETaretechnology
creating, debugging, and testing
stored procedures (often called stored procs). Another database object it behooves programmers to learn
is the view-or virtual table. In this
namespaces and chapter, you'll
classes, and howlearn how to take
to integrate bothadvantage
with of Visual Studio .NET (VS
.NET) tools to work with both stored procedures and views.
ADO.NET.
Working with Stored Procedures

Table of Contents
User-defined stored procedures are handy for a variety of reasons. User-defined stored procs, as opposed
Introduction
to the built-in ones called system stored procedures, distribute load between a client and a database
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
server because Basics on a database server but are executed by a client's call. Stored procedures not
they reside
Chapter 2 - Data
only provide Components
modularity in an in Visual Studio
application .NETthey also provide better control, management, load
design,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
distribution, in Disconnected
and performance. In the Environments
following sections, we discuss how to create and execute stored
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
procedures using VS in Connected Environments
.NET.
Chapter 6
Creating a Stored Procedure
Chapter 8 a
You have - Constraints and to
variety of ways Data Relations
create stored procedures. As a database administrator, you can use the
Chapter 9 server's
database - ADO.NET Exception Handling
administrative tools (SQL Server Enterprise Manager or Oracle Enterprise Manager, for
example)
Chapter 10 to create and
- Working withmanage
the ODBC stored
.NET procedures.
Data ProviderAs a programmer, you can create stored procedures
programmatically
Chapter 11 - Stored by using theand
Procedures Views PROCEDURE SQL statement. In this chapter, you'll learn how to
CREATE
create and
Chapter 12 - manage stored procedures
Oracle, SQLXML, using
and Other .NET VS Providers
Data .NET.
VS .NET's Server Explorer, discussed in Chapter 2, enables you to create, update, and delete You can
launch the Server Explorer by selecting View Server Explorer. After opening it, you'll see the available
database servers in the list. If you expand a server tree node, you'll find the available databases and
database objects on the server. You can use the database's Stored Procedures node to managed stored
procedures. As you Real-World
can see from Web Applications
Figure 11-1, the Stored Procedures node lists all the available stored
procedures in the Northwind Mapping in You
database. .NETcan view stored procedures by double-clicking the stored
Chapter 19 - Mapped
procedure's name. Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 11-1: Viewing available stored procedures in the Northwind database
The right-click menu option allows you to create a new stored procedure and edit, delete, and execute
existing stored procedures (see Figure 11-2).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 5 - 11-2: Create,
Handling edit,Events
ADO.NET delete, and run stored procedure options
Chapter 7 Stored
The Edit - Data Procedure
Binding andoption
WindowsletsForms Data-Bound
you edit Controls
a stored procedure. To edit an existing stored procedure of
the Northwind
Chapter database,
8 - Constraints right-click
and the CustOrderHist stored procedure, and select the Edit Stored
Data Relations
Procedure
Chapter 9 - option.
ADO.NET The stored procedure
Exception Handling editor opens (see Figure 11-3).
Chapter 17 - 11-3:
Figure Building Real-World
Stored Web Applications
procedure editor
Note
Chapter 19 In SQL Server,
- Mapped thePerformance
Objects: login that creates or has the
Considerations ownership
and of a database or the administrator of
Data Binding
Chapter 20 the server
- COM is known asand
Interoperability the ADO.NET
database owner. In the database and its objects, the username dbo is
Chapter 21 always associated with the login name of the database owner.
- Messaging
Now that you know how to edit an existing stored procedure, let's create a one. You can create a stored
procedure by right-clicking the Stored Procedures node and selecting the New Stored Procedure option.
This launches the stored procedure editor, which you use to write stored procedures. In SQL Server, dbo
Appendix
stands forC -the
ADO.NET Frequently
database Asked
owner. In Questions
Figure 11-4, the syntax CREATE PROCEDURE
Index
dbo.StoredProcedure2 creates a stored procedure where StoredProcedure1 is the name of the
List of Figures
stored procedure and dbo is the owner of the stored procedure.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 11-4: Creating a stored procedure
A stored procedure can return data as a result of SELECT statement, a return code (an integer value), or
an output parameter. As you can see from Figure 11-4, the section after CREATE PROCEDURE is the
parameters section, which is closed with comments (/* and */). If you have no requirement for using
parameters in a stored procedure, you can skip this area. The section after AS is used for the actual SQL
Applied
statement, and the sectionADO.NET: Building
after RETURN Data-Driven
is used Solutions
for returning a value when you execute a stored
procedure. by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Now, you can write a simple
This SELECT
text provides statement
extensive and save
coverage it as a stored
of ADO.NET procedure. Use this SQL
technology
including
statement to select ADO.NETvalues
three columns internals,
for namespaces, classes,
customers from and
the United States:
SELECT CustomerId,
ADO.NET.CompanyName, ContactName
FROM Customers WHERE Country ='USA'
Table of Contents
You can
Applied change the stored
ADO.NETBuilding procedureSolutions
Data-Driven name to whatever you want; this example uses mySP (my stored
procedure). The final stored procedure looks like Figure 11-5.
Introduction
Figure 11-5: ThemySP stored procedure in the editor
Chapter
You can14save
- Developing
a stored Database
procedureWeb Applications
by using File using
SaveASP.NET
mySP or the Save All menu option or toolbar
button. The Save option is also available after right-clicking on the stored procedure editor.
Note
Chapter 17 The Save Real-World
- Building option not only
Web creates a stored procedure, but it also changes the CREATE
Applications
Chapter 18 PROCEDURE statement
- Object-Relational to ALTER
Mapping in .NET PROCEDURE because the stored procedure has already been
Chapter 19 created.
Now, if you go to the Server Explorer and look at all the stored procedures for the Northwind database,
your stored procedure should be listed. As you can see from Figure 11-6, the stored procedure mySP has
three fields listed under it that appear in the SELECT statement.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 11-6: ThemySP stored procedure listed for the Northwind database
Executing a Stored Procedure from VS .NET
Chapter 13 -a Developing
Executing a Custom
stored procedure DataServer
in the Provider
Explorer is simple. You run (or execute) a stored procedure by
right-clicking on the stored procedure editor and selecting Run Stored Procedure.
When you
Chapter 16 -run the stored
ASP.NET procedure
Server mySP,
Controls and theBinding
Data output looks like Figure 11-7.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 11-7: The output of the mySP stored procedure in VS .NET
Note Like your SELECT SQL statement, you can use almost any SQL statement, such as UPDATE
andDELETE, in the stored procedure. (Exceptions include CREATE TRIGGER,CREATE VIEW,
CREATE DEFAULT,CREATE PROCEDURE, and CREATE RULE.)
A stored procedure can also accept input parameters. For example, the CustOrdersDetail stored
procedure takes a parameter value of OrderID. Based on the OrderID value, it returns ProductName
and calculates Discount and ExtendedPrice (see Figure 11-8).
ADO.NET.
Table Figure 11-8: Stored procedure with input parameter

of Contents
Introduction
When you run the stored procedure, it asks you for the value of the OrderID parameter, as shown in
Chapter
Figure 111-9.
- ADO.NET Basics
Figure
Chapter 12 - 11-9:
Oracle,Registering
SQLXML, anda stored
Other procedure parameter
.NET Data Providers
The output of the stored procedure CustOrdersDetail looks like Figure 11-10.
Index
Figure 11-10: The output of stored procedure CustOrdersDetail
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Executing a Stored Procedure Programmatically
List of Sidebars
As an application developer, most of the time you'll be creating and testing stored procedures
programmatically. You can execute a stored procedure programmatically using the Command object.
Instead of passing a SQL statement, you pass the stored procedure name as the SQL statement to
execute a stored procedure. As you saw in Chapter 4, each data provider provides a Command object to
execute SQL statements. The Command classes for the OleDb, ODBC, and Sql data providers are
OleDbCommand,OdbcCommand, and SqlCommand (respectively). Listing 11-1 shows how to use
SqlCommand to execute a stored procedure programmatically against a SQL Server database.
Listing 11-1: Executing the mySP Stored Procedure Using the Sql Data Provider
Sub Main()
Applied ADO.NET:
Dim ConnectionString AsBuilding
String Data-Driven Solutions
= "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
by "Initial
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
Catalog=Northwind;" & ISBN:1590590732
_
Apress
"Data 2003 (928 pages)
Source=localhost;"
This text provides
Dim conn As SqlConnection extensive
= coverage of ADO.NET technology
including
' Open the connection ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
conn.Open() namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
' Create ADO.NET.
a SqlCommand object and pass mySP as the
' SQL command and set CommandType property to
' CommandType.StoredProcedure
Table of Contents
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("mySP", conn)
Appliedcmd.CommandType
= CommandType.StoredProcedure
Introduction
' Call ExecuteReader of SqlCommand
ChapterDim
1 -reader
ADO.NET AsBasics
SqlDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
Chapter'2 Read
- Data Components
all data and in Visual Studio on
display .NETthe console
Chapter 4 Console.Write(reader(0).ToString())
Chapter 5 Console.Write(reader(1).ToString())
Chapter 6 Console.WriteLine(reader(2).ToString())
ChapterEnd
7 -While
Console.Read()
' Close reader and connection
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Sub
Chapter 15 -two
There are Using ADO.NET
steps in Xml
involved Web Services
in executing a stored procedure from your program. First, you set the
Chapter
Command16 -object property
ASP.NET ServerCommandText to the
Controls and Data stored procedure name; second, you set the
Binding
CommandType
Chapter property
17 - Building to CommandType.StoredProcedure.
Real-World Web Applications Listing 11-1 executes the mySP stored
procedure
Chapter 18 -you created in theMapping
Object-Relational previousinsection.
.NET To test code in Listing 11-1, create a console application
and type
Chapter 19Listing 11-1Objects:
- Mapped on the Main method.
Performance Don't forget and
Considerations to import the following two namespaces to the
Data Binding
project 20
Chapter before
- COMusing Sql data provider
Interoperability classes:
and ADO.NET
Imports
Imports
Appendix A -System.Data.SqlClient
Listing 11-1, creates a SqlCommand object by passing the stored procedure as the first parameter of the
Index
SqlCommand constructor and then sets the CommandType property
List of Figures
CommandType.StoredProcedure. The result of Listing 11-1 looks like Figure 11-11.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 11-11: The output of stored procedure mySP
A stored procedure can also accept input, output, or both types of parameters. Next, let's modify the mySP
stored procedure a little bit. This time give the user an option to select the customers based on their
country. The modified stored procedure looks like Figure 11-12.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 11-12: A stored procedure with parameters
As you 2can- Data
Chapter see from Figure 11-12,
Components theStudio
in Visual stored.NET
procedure selects customers based on the country entered
by the user.
Chapter 3
You can use the SqlParameter class to create a parameter. The SqlParameter class has
properties such as Direction and Value. The Direction property defines whether the stored
procedure is an input, output, or both. It also defines whether it has a return value. The
ParameterDirection enumeration defines values of Direction (see Table 11-1).
Table 11-1: The ParameterDirection Members
MEMBER
Chapter 9 - ADO.NETDESCRIPTION
Exception Handling
Input Input parameter
InputOutput
Chapter Both input
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, andand output
Other .NETparameter
Data Providers
Output Output only
ReturnValue
Chapter Returns
15 - Using ADO.NET in aXml
value
Webfrom the stored procedure
Services
TheValue property sets the value of the parameter. The following code adds a parameter with the value
UK. After you execute the mySP stored procedure, it will return customers from the United Kingdom only:
'Set the SqlParameter
Dim param As SqlParameter = New SqlParameter()
param = cmd.Parameters.Add("@country", SqlDbType.VarChar, 50)
param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input
param.Value = "UK"
Index
List
The of updated
Figures source code looks like Listing 11-2, and the output of Listing 11-2 looks like Figure 11-13.
Listing
List 11-2 creates SqlParameter as the country and sets its value to UK.ExecuteReader only
of Tables
returns
List rows where Country = "UK".
of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 11-2: Using Parameters in a Stored Procedure

Applied ADO.NET:
Dim ConnectionString AsBuilding
String Data-Driven Solutions
= "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
by "Initial
Catalog=Northwind;" & ISBN:1590590732
_
Apress
"Data 2003 (928 pages)
Source=localhost;"
This text provides
Dim conn As SqlConnection extensive
= coverage of ADO.NET technology
including
' Open the connectionADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
conn.Open()namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
' Create ADO.NET.
a SqlCommand object and pass mySP as the
' SQL command and set CommandType property to
' CommandType.StoredProcedure
Table of Contents
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand("mySP", conn)
Appliedcmd.CommandType
Introduction
Chapter'Set
1 - ADO.NET Basics
the SqlParameter
ChapterDim
2 -param
As SqlParameter .NET SqlParameter()
= New
Chapterparam = cmd.Parameters.Add("@country",
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments SqlDbType.VarChar, 50)
Chapterparam.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input
Chapterparam.Value = "UK"Events
5 - Handling ADO.NET
Chapter'6 Call ExecuteReader
- Integrating of SqlCommand
XML with ADO.NET
ChapterDim
7 -reader As and
Data Binding SqlDataReader
Windows Forms = cmd.ExecuteReader()
Data-Bound Controls
' Read
Chapter 8
all data and display on the console
While reader.Read()
Console.Write(reader(0).ToString())
Console.Write(reader(1).ToString())
Console.WriteLine(reader(2).ToString())
End While
ChapterConsole.Read()
Close readerDatabase Web Applications using ASP.NET
and connection
Chapterreader.Close()
Chapterconn.Close()
To return
Chapter 20 a- value from a stored procedure,
COM Interoperability the only thing you need to do is change the stored procedure,
and ADO.NET
which will
Chapter 21 store and return a value as a parameter and set the parameter's Direction property as
- Messaging
follows:22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Chapter
' Create
Appendix a SqlParameter
Dim param
Appendix As SqlParameter
C - ADO.NET = Questions
Frequently Asked new SqlParameter()
param.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Also, store the command's execution results in a number variable like this:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
param = cmd.Parameters.Add("@counter", SqlDbType.Int)
Applied
Note SeeListing 11-3 ADO.NET: Building
for the complete Data-Driven
source code. Solutions
ListingApress
11-3:
AddCat1 Stored Procedure
2003 (928 pages)
including
CREATE ADO.NET
PROCEDURE internals, namespaces, classes, and
AddCat1
@CategoryName
namespaces andnchar(15),
@Description
ADO.NET. char(16),
@Identity int OUT
AS
Table of Contents
INSERT INTO Categories (CategoryName, Description)
VALUES(@CategoryName, @Description)
IntroductionSET @Identity = @@Identity
Chapter 1 RETURN
- ADO.NET@@ROWCOUNT
Basics
Now you'll
Chapter 5 -see an example
Handling of Events
ADO.NET using ParameterDirection.Output. To test this source code, create a
console6 application
Chapter andXML
- Integrating these namespace
with ADO.NET references:
Imports
Chapter 9 -System.Data.Common
Imports ADO.NET Exception Handling
Imports
Next, create SQLXML,
a stored and Other
procedure called.NET Data Providers
AddCat1 that adds a row to the Categories table and returns the
row count. Listing 11-3 defines the stored procedure.
Listing 15
Chapter 11-4 showsADO.NET
- Using how to use output
in Xml Webparameters.
Services Everything is similar to the previous samples except that
you need
Chapter 16 to use the parameter
- ASP.NET direction
Server Controls Parameter-Direction.Output.
and Data Binding
Listing 11-4: Executing a Stored Procedure with Output Parameter
' Create
20 - COM InteroperabilityObject
and ADO.NET
ChapterDim
21 -ConnectionString
Messaging As String = "Integrated Security=SSPI;" & _
"Initial
Chapter 22 - SQL Server Catalog=Northwind;"
and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance & _
"Data Source=localhost;"
conn.Open()
Index
Dim sql As String = _
List of Figures
"SELECT CategoryID, CategoryName, Description FROM Categories"
List of Tables
Dim da As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
List of Listings
da.InsertCommand = New SqlCommand("AddCat1", conn)
List of Sidebars
da.InsertCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
' Create a SqlParameter
Dim param As SqlParameter = _
da.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@RowCount", SqlDbType.Int)
param.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue
da.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add _
("@CategoryName", SqlDbType.NChar, 15, "CategoryName")
da.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add _
("@Description", SqlDbType.Char, 16, "Description")
param = da.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add _
("@Identity", SqlDbType.Int, 0, "CategoryID")
param.Direction = ParameterDirection.Output
' Creat a DataSet and fill it
Dim ds AsApplied
DataSetADO.NET:
= NewBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
DataSet()
by Mahesh Chand
da.Fill(ds, "Categories") and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
' Creat a DataRow and add it to the DataSet's DataTable
Dim row As ThisDataRow
text provides
= extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ds.Tables("Categories").NewRow()
including ADO.NET
row("CategoryName") = "Beverages"internals, namespaces, classes, and
row("Description")
namespaces and= classes,
"Chai" and how to integrate both with
ds.Tables("Categories").Rows.Add(row)
ADO.NET.
' Save changes to the database
da.Update(ds, "Categories")
Table of' Contents
Output
AppliedConsole.WriteLine(da.InsertCommand.Parameters
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions _
Introduction
("@RowCount").Value.ToString())
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedSQL Injection
One of the dangers of writing
Apress 2003 public Web applications is that eventually someone will try to hack your
(928 pages)
application, especially if it contains sensitive financial information
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET such as credit card numbers or bank
technology
account details. For
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and your application is SQL injection.
hackers, one way to try to get this information from
interfaces,
Its use isn't necessarily andtotakes
limited a comprehensive
applications that use look at XML
stored procedures, but we're presenting it here
because of the waynamespaces
that stored and classes,
procs are and
oftenhow to integrate both with
used.
ADO.NET.
Let's say that the first page in the application requires users to enter a username and password. Once the
hacker has tried the usual combinations of manager,sa,admin, and so on (you already know not to use
Table of Contents
obvious usernames such as these, right?), he might try entering the following:
Introduction
myusername;
Chapter SELECT
1 - ADO.NET Basicsusername FROM users
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
If the contents in Connected
of the username Environments
box are passed directly into a stored proc, then the stored proc runs as
normal when executed, except that the semicolon acts as a statement terminator and the additional
Chapter
SELECT 6 statement
- Integrating
alsoXML with
runs. ADO.NET on what the proc returns, our hacker could now have a complete
Depending
Chapter
list of valid user IDs for the application.Forms
The same Controls
technique can be used for passwords, so the hacker
Chapter
can now8 log
- Constraints and Data as
into the application Relations
any valid user.
How do10you
Chapter stop this?
- Working The
with themost
ODBCobvious wayProvider
.NET Data to trap SQL injection is to scan every text input for a
semicolon and then pass only the input before the semicolon to the stored proc. Alternatively, if you detect
a semicolon, return some kind of error page to hackers that lets them know you're onto them. A more
complex method of blocking SQL injection is to run stored procs from a component, rather than calling
them directly from an ASP.NET page. In this way, the raw output from the stored proc isn't returned to the
hacker's browser, and the hacker receives no clues about your database's structure or data.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Views
Aview is a virtual Apress
table that represents
2003 (928 pages)data from one or more database tables. A view can also be a
partial table. YouThis
can text
select
providesfrom
data a single
extensive table or
coverage of multiple
ADO.NETtables based on the sort and filter criteria
technology
(using WHERE andincluding BY clauses)
GROUP ADO.NET and save data as a view. You
internals, namespaces, classes, and can also set permissions on views.
interfaces,an
For example, a manager, and takes a comprehensive
accountant, and a clerk of look at XML share the same database. The
a company
manager can access namespaces
all data and
fromclasses, and
different how to
tables of integrate both with
the database. The accountant can access partial
ADO.NET.
data from multiple tables, and the clerk can access partial data from a single table. You can create three
different views based on the user rights and let the user access these views based on their rights.
Table of Contents
In brief, the views do the following:
Introduction
Provide a security mechanism to hide certain parts of a database or database tables from certain
users
Permit
Chapter 3 - users to access
ADO.NET data in a Environments
in Disconnected customized way so that different users can see the same data in
different
Chapter ways at in
4 - ADO.NET theConnected
same timeEnvironments
Creating
Chapter 6 a ViewXML with ADO.NET
- Integrating
Like stored
Chapter 8 - procedures, youData
Constraints and can Relations
create and manage views from the Server Explorer. To create a view,
expand a database, right-click the
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling Views leaf, and select the New View option. This action launches a
wizard that helps you pick tables. Use the Add button adds tables to the view designer (see Figure 11-14).
Figure 11-14: Adding tables to the view designer
For this example, add three tables to the designer: Customers, Orders, and Employees. Figure 11-15
Index
shows
List a few columns selected from each table.
of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 11-15: Creating a view after selecting columns from three tables
Chapter
You can4 save
a view by Environments
using the Save button, by using File Save, or by right-clicking on the view and
Chapter 5 Save
selecting - Handling ADO.NET
ViewName (seeEvents
Figure 11-16).
Figure
Chapter 18 - 11-16: Saving a view
Chapter
For this20 - COM Interoperability
example, save the view asandCustEmpView
ADO.NET and click OK (see Figure 11-17).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Figure 11-17: Entering a name for the view
List of Sidebars
When you now see the Server Explorer views, you'll see CustEmpView listed (see Figure 11-18).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 11-18: Available views in the Server Explorer
Executing a View from VS .NET
To execute a Custom
a view, right-click it inData Provider
the Server Explorer and select Retrieve Data from the View option. The
Chapter 14 CustEmpView
output of - Developing Database
looks likeWeb Applications
Figure 11-19. using ASP.NET
Appendix A - 11-19:
Figure Relational Databases:
Results of the Some Basic Concepts
CustEmpView view after executing it from the Server Explorer
Retrieving Data from a View Programmatically
Index
List of Figures
In the
List same way that you execute a stored proc, the Command object executes a view. You can retrieve
of Tables
data
List of from a view programmatically by replacing the view name with the table name in a SQL statement.
Listings
Listing
List 11-5 shows you how to use the CustEmpView view in an application. As you can see, the code
of Sidebars
uses the CustEmpView view as the table name in the SELECT statement:
SELECT * FROM CustEmpView
Listing 11-5: Executing a View Programmatically

"Initial Catalog=Northwind;" & _
"DataApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Source=localhost;"
Dim conn As SqlConnection = NewTalbotSqlConnection(ConnectionString)
ISBN:1590590732
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = _
This text provides extensive*coverage
New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT of ADO.NET technology
FROM CustEmpView", conn)
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("CustEmpView") classes, and
adapter.Fill(ds,
namespaces "CustEmpView")
ADO.NET. = ds.DefaultViewManager
End Sub
Table of Contents
To test this code, create a Windows application in VS .NET, add a DataGrid control to the form, and
Introduction
write the
Chapter 1 code in Listing
- ADO.NET 11-5 on the Form_Load event. Also, don't forget to import the
Basics
Chapter namespace
2 - Data Components in in the
Visual Studio .NETproject.
Figure
Chapter 17 - 11-20:
BuildingThe output the
Real-World WebCustEmpView
Applications view from a program
Caution TheORDER BY,COMPUTE,COMPUTE BY, and INTO SQL keywords don't work with views.
Filling a DataSet from Multiple Views
If you want, you can fill a DataSet from multiple views. You just need to change the SQL statement you
used in Listing 11-5. For example, say you want to fill a DataSet from the CustEmpView and Invoices
views. Just replace the SQL statement in Listing 11-5 with the following:
Index
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter _
List of Figures
("SELECT * FROM CustEmpView; SELECT * FROM Invoices", conn)
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
VS .NET providesApress
plentyof support
2003 to create and manage stored procedures and views. This chapter
(928 pages)
discussed how you can take advantage of the
This text provides extensive VS .NET
coverage of tools to create,
ADO.NET manage, and execute stored
technology
procedures and views. You also learned how to work with stored
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and procedures and views programmatically
as well. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
In the next chapter, we'll discuss two new data providersOracle and XML .NETand see how to use
these data providers to work with Oracle databases and XML data sources.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
12: Oracle, SQLXML, and
Other .NET Data
ISBN:1590590732
Providers
including
In previous chapters, ADO.NET internals,
we discussed namespaces,
the Sql, OleDb, classes,
and ODBC and
data providers and how to use them work
with various databases including SQL Server, Access, Excel, and MySQL.
As mentioned, ADO.NET is
flexible enough so anyone
ADO.NET. can develop their data provider and add it to the library as an add-on.
In this chapter, you'll see some more data providers. Once you've come to grips with any one data
provider,
Table working with the rest of them is a piece of cake. All data providers implement a similar class
of Contents
hierarchy
Applied model with onlyData-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding a few changes.
Solutions
Introduction
Using Oracle
Chapter 1 .NET Data Providers
- ADO.NET Basics
Besides3 the
Chapter OleDb and
- ADO.NET ODBC providers,
in Disconnected you can use other data providers to access an Oracle database:
Environments
Microsoft has developed the Oracle .NET data provider (although some documentation refers to it as
theOracle managed provider.
Chapter 7 - has
Oracle Datadeveloped
Binding andthe
Windows
OracleForms Data-Bound
data provider Controls
for .NET or ODP.NET.
CoreLab
Chapter Software
9 - ADO.NET Development
Exception has developed the OraDirect.NET data provider.
Handling
So, why there are so many approaches to access a database? Why can't they just provide a single
Chapter 11 That's
provider? - Stored
theProcedures and Views
pity and beauty of software development. Users are never satisfied. No matter how
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and
good a product you develop, you'llOther .NETfind
always Data Providers somewhere complaining about it. It may be a
somebody
performance a Custom
issue, it may Data Provider
lack features, or it may contain bugs.
By having
Chapter 15 -the ODBC
Using and OleDb
ADO.NET in Xmldata
Webproviders,
Services you can leverage the existing ODBC and OLE DB
technologies
Chapter satisfactory
16 - ASP.NET to Controls
Server developers
and working with Oracle database. However, data access using OLE
Data Binding
DB and17
Chapter ODBC isn't satisfactory
- Building to developers.
Real-World Web ApplicationsFor example, when you compare the performance of the
OleDb data provider to the performance of the Sql provider.
Chapter 19 - Mapped
The OleDB Objects:
data provider Performance
provides Considerations
data access anddata
for generic Datasources
Binding and isn't designed to work with a
specific database. OLE DB is a COM library, so the OleDb data provider uses COM Interop services
Chapter 21 to
internally - Messaging
provide connectivity with Oracle databases, which causes a performance hit for each use
Chapter
because of- moving
22 SQL Server and ADO.NET:
between Notesand
the managed on Performance
unmanaged spaces. On the other hand, the Oracle data
Appendix
providerAworks
with Oracle Someonly.
databases BasicNot
Concepts
only that, the Oracle data provider skips COM Interop
servicesBand
Appendix provides database
- Commonly connectivity by directly using the Oracle Call Interface (OCI) as provided
Used SQL Statements
by Oracle
Appendix C -client software.
Index
Note A recent survey, published in an article on MSDN
List of Figures
(www.microsoft.com/indonesia/msdn/ManProOracPerf.asp ), claims that the Oracle data provider
List of Tables
could be lot faster than the OleDb data provider.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Microsoft's Oracle data provider is free and is included as part of Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET) 2003. If
you're running VS .NET 1.0, you need to install it separately. You can download it from the Microsoft's
download section (http://microsoft.com/downloads/). The ODP.NET provider from Oracle
Corporation is also free. You can download it from Oracle's Web site at
http://otn.oracle.com/tech/windows/odpnet/content.html. OraDirect.NET currently costs
$99 and is available at www.crlab.com/products.html.
Caution There may be some changes in these URLs. See the C# Corner (www.c-sharpcorner.com)
Downloads section for the latest links.
In this chapter, you'll use Microsoft's Oracle .NET data provider.

Adding a Reference to the
Applied ADO.NET: Oracle
Building .NETSolutions
Data-Driven Data Provider
The Oracle data provider's functionality resides in the System.Data.OracleClient.dll assembly.
You can find this assembly in your installation folder's Bin folder. The default path of this assembly is
C:\Program Files\Microsoft coverage of ADO.NET technology
.NET\OracleClient.NET\Bin. To add a reference to this
assembly, you can use the Add Reference dialog box of VS .NET,
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML as shown in Figure 12-1.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 12 - 12-1:
Oracle,Adding a reference
SQLXML, and Otherto.NET
System.Data.OracleClient.dll
Data Providers
Note In Microsoft VS .NET 2003, the System.Data.OracleClient namespace is already
available without adding a reference to the System.Data.OracleClient.dll.
Chapter
Adding16 - ASP.NETto
a reference Server Controls and Data Binding
System.Data.OracleClient.dll adds the System.Data.OracleClient
Chapter
namespace to your project. To Web
17 - Building Real-World Applications
use the Oracle data provider classes, you must add the following line to
your project:
Chapter
Imports20 -System.Data.OracleClient
Using the Oracle .NET Data Provider Classes
Index
The Oracle data provider class hierarchy model is similar to other data providers. As with other data
List of Figures
providers, it also has classes for Connection,Command,DataAdapter,DataReader,Transaction,
List of Tables and so on. Table 12-1 describes the Oracle data provider common classes briefly.
Parameter,
List of Listings
Table
List 12-1: Oracle Data Provider Classes
of Sidebars
CLASS DESCRIPTION
OracleConnection Connection class
OracleCommand Command
This text provides extensive class
OracleCommandBuilder CommandBuilder
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look atclass
XML
OracleDataAdapter
ADO.NET. DataAdapter class
OracleDataReader DataReader class
Table of Contents
OracleParameter Parameter class
OracleParameterCollection
Introduction ParameterCollection class
OracleTransaction Transaction class
OraclePermission
Chapter Permission class
OracleException Exception class
OracleBFile
Chapter 6
RepresentsOracleBFile objects designed to work with
the Oracle Binary File BFILE data type
OracleLob Represents a Large Object Binary (LOB) data type
Creating
Chapter the Connection:
11 - Stored Procedures and The
Views First Step
The first step to access a database is to create a connection. The OracleConnection class of the
Oracle data provider is responsible for opening and closing a connection with the database.
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET class
TheOracleConnection in Xmlhas
Web Services
four properties: ConnectionString,DataSource,
ServerVersion, and State. The ConnectionString represents a connection string, which can
Chapter
contain17 - Building
data source Real-World Web Applications
or server name, security type, user ID, and password. Like the other data provider
connection
Chapter 18 - classes, the OracleConnection
Object-Relational Mapping in .NET provides Open,Close,BeginTransaction,
Chapter 19 - Mappedand
CreateCommand, Dispose
Objects: methods.
A typical connection string looks like the following:
"Data ASource=Oracle8i;Integrated
Appendix Security=yes"
where Oracle8i is the default Oracle database server instance.
Index
List ofNote
Figures
The Oracle .NET data provider works for Oracle 8i and later versions of Oracle.
List of Tables
The following is another version of connection string with the user ID systemand password manager for
List of Listings
the database server instance MYDB:
List of Sidebars
"Data Source=MYDB;User ID=system;Password=manager;"
Listing 12-1 creates an OracleConnection, opens the connection, reads data, and closes the
connection.
Listing 12-1: Connecting to an Oracle Database

Dim conn As OracleConnection = _
New OracleConnection(connectionString)
Try by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
If (conn.State = ConnectionState.Closed) Then
conn.Open()
End If including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
' Do something here
ADO.NET.

Table of Contents
Finally Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction If (conn.State = ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Close()
Chapter 2 - Data End
Components
If in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter End Try
Note Remember
Chapter 7
that for the ODBC .NET data provider, Oracle 8i has different connection string than
Oracle 9i. When you use the Oracle .NET data provider, the same connection string format
works for all Oracle databases version 8i or later.
Executing SQL Commands
Chapter 12 - manner
In a similar Oracle, SQLXML, and data
to the other Otherproviders
.NET Data Providers
(Sql, OleDb, and ODBC), the Oracle data provider's
OracleCommand class represents a command
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider object. The OracleCommand class provides the
functionality
Chapter to executeDatabase
14 - Developing SQL queries
Web directly or indirectly
Applications (through a DataAdapter).
using ASP.NET
TheCommandText,CommandType,Connection,DesignTimeVisible,Parameters,
Transaction, and UpdatedRowSource are OracleCommand properties. The CommandText property
represents the SQL query or stored procedure to execute. The CommandType represents the type of
command, which is of type System.Data.CommandType. The Connection property represents the
Chapter 19 - associated
connection Mapped Objects:
with aPerformance
command. ByConsiderations and Data Binding
default OracleCommand isn't visible in the Toolbox, but if you
want to make it visible and want to use it at design-time, you can set the DesignTimeVisible property
Chapter
totrue.21The
- Messaging
OracleTransaction represents an Oracle transaction, and the UpdatedRowState
property represents and
how theADO.NET:
Update Notes
methodon should
Performance
apply command results to the DataRow.
TheOracleCommand
Appendix methods
B - Commonly Used SQL include Cancel,Clone,CreateParameter,ExecuteNonQuery,
Statements
ExecuteOracleNonQuery,
Appendix ExecuteOracleScalar,
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions ExecuteReader, and ExecuteScalar.
Index
Apart from the ExecuteOracleNonQuery and ExecuteOracleScalar methods, other methods will
List of Figures
look familiar to you.
List of Tables
Now
List of let's create a sample application. Create a Windows application, add a reference to the Oracle .NET
Listings
data
List of provider,
Sidebars and import the System.Data and System.Data.OracleClient namespaces. After
that, add three buttons and a DataGrid control to the form, and name the buttons InsertCmdBtn,
UpdateCmdBtn, and DeleteCmdBtn. Then, we recommend you download the source code and open
the project in VS .NET.
On the form's load event handler, you call the method FillDataGrid, which fills data from a database
to the DataGrid control. Listing 12-2 shows the form's load event handler and the FillDataGrid
method.
Listing 12-2: FillDataGrid Method

FillDataGrid()
Public Sub ThisFillDataGrid()
conn = New ADO.NET
including internals, namespaces, classes, and
OracleConnection(connectionString)
sql =namespaces
"SELECT and * FROM
classes,STDTABLE"
Try ADO.NET.
If (conn.State = ConnectionState.Closed) Then
Table of Contents conn.Open()
Introduction ' Create a command with SELECT query
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
Dim Basics
cmd As OracleCommand = New OracleCommand(sql)
Chapter 2 - Data cmd.Connection
Components in Visual=Studioconn.NET
' Create
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET a dataEnvironments
in Disconnected adapter
Dim adapter
Chapter As ADO.NET
5 - Handling OracleDataAdapter
Events = _
Chapter 6 New OracleDataAdapter(cmd)
Chapter 7 - Data Dim builder1
Binding As Forms
and Windows OracleCommandBuilder
Data-Bound Controls = _
Chapter 8
New OracleCommandBuilder()
adapter.Fill(ds, "STDTABLE")
' Bind DataSet with DataGrid
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
' Close the Data Provider
connection
Chapter 15 -Catch
Using ADO.NET
exp Asin Exception
Xml Web Services
Chapter 17 -Finally
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in
If (conn.State = .NET
ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Close()
Chapter 20 - COM End If
Chapter 21 -End Try
Messaging
ChapterEnd
22 -Sub
In the FillDataGrid method, you create a connection and a DataAdapter, and then you call the
Index
Fill method of the DataAdapter to fill a DataSet with data from a database. You may also have
List of Figures
noticed that you're reading data from STDTABLE. You may want to change this table name to the table
List
thatofyou
Tables
want to access. If you want to use STDTABLE, create this table in an Oracle database with four
List of Listings
columns named as STDNAME, STDADDRESS, STDDOB, and STDSRN of type varchar,varchar,
List of Sidebars
datetime, and long, respectively.
The next step is to execute a SQL query using OracleCommand. The method ExecuteSqlQuery,
shown in Listing 12-3, executes a SQL query. As you can see, the code opens a connection, creates an
OracleCommand object, sets its connection, CommandText, and CommandType properties, and then
calls ExecuteNonQuery method.
Listing 12-3: ExecuteSqlQuery Method
Public Sub ExecuteSqlQuery(ByVal sql As String)

Try
conn = New OracleConnection()
conn.ConnectionString = connectionString
Applied ADO.NET:
If (conn.State Building Data-Driven Solutions
= ConnectionState.Closed) Then
by Mahesh
conn.Open() Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
End If
This text
Dim cmd As provides extensive coverage
OracleCommand = New of ADO.NET technology
OracleCommand()
including ADO.NET
cmd.Connection = conn internals, namespaces, classes, and
cmd.CommandText
namespaces and = sql and how to integrate both with
classes,
cmd.CommandType
ADO.NET. = CommandType.Text
Table of Contents
Introduction
Finally
Chapter 1 -If
ADO.NET Basics
(conn.State = ConnectionState.Open) Then
Chapter 3 -End If in Disconnected Environments
ADO.NET
ChapterEnd
4 -Try
End Sub
Now let's write the code for InsertCmdBtn,UpdateCmdBtn, and DeleteCmdBtnand construct SQL
INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE queues. Once the queries are constructed, you need to call
ExecuteSqlQuery.Listing 12-4 shows the code for all three buttons.
Chapter
Listing12 - Oracle,
12-4: SQLXML, and
Constructing SQLOther .NET UPDATE,
INSERT, Data Providers
and DELETE Queries
Private Sub InsertCmdBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal15e -AsUsing ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
System.EventArgs) Handles InsertCmdBtn.Click
Chaptersql
16 -=ASP.NET Server
"INSERT Controls
INTO " and Data Binding
Chaptersql
17 -+=
" STDTABLE(STDNAME, STDADDRESS, STDSRN) "
Chaptersql
18 -+=
Object-Relational Mapping in'Some
"VALUES('AName', .NET Address', 3583)"
ChapterExecuteSqlQuery(sql)
End Sub
Private
Chapter 22 -Sub UpdateCmdBtn_Click(ByVal
SQL Server sender As System.Object, _
ByVal Ae -As
Appendix System.EventArgs)
Relational Handles
Databases: Some Basic UpdateCmdBtn.Click
Concepts
sql
Appendix B -=Commonly
"UPDATEUsed
STDTABLE SET STDADDRESS = " & _
SQL Statements
"'New
Appendix Address'
C - ADO.NET WHERE
Frequently STDNAME
Asked = 'AName' "
Questions
Index
ExecuteSqlQuery(sql)
FillDataGrid()
List of Figures
End Sub
List of Tables
Private Sub DeleteCmdBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List of Listings
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DeleteCmdBtn.Click
List of Sidebars
sql = "DELETE STDTABLE WHERE STDNAME = 'AName' "
ExecuteSqlQuery(sql)
FillDataGrid()
End Sub
Note You may also notice that you call the FillDataGrid method to update the DataGrid once a
query is executed.
Reading Fast Data Using a DataReader

TheOracleDataReader class provides the DataReader functionality for Oracle data providers.
Applied
Besides the methods ADO.NET:
to read genericBuilding Data-Driven
data types, Solutions
the OracleDataReader class also provides methods to
read Oracle-specific data types. You can use all the methods of ISBN:1590590732
format ReadXXX to read general data
Apress
types, and you can 2003 (928that
use methods pages)
start with ReadOracleXXX to read Oracle-specific data types.
This text provides
GetOracleDbFile,GetOracleDateTime, extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
GetOracleString, and GetOracleNumber are some of
the Oraclespecific read methods.
TheOracleDataReader
ADO.NET.
has six properties: Depth,FieldCount,HasRows,IsClosed,Item, and
RecordsAffected. The Depth property returns the depth of a row in a loop. TheFieldCount
property returns the number of columns in a row. The HasRows and IsClosed properties represent
whether
Table the reader has any rows and closed, respectively. The Item property returns the value in a native
of Contents
format,ADO.NETBuilding
Applied and the RecordsAffected property returns the number of rows affected after the execution of a
SQL query.
Introduction
Listing 12-5 reads data from STDTABLE and adds it to a ListBox control. To test this code, create a
Windows application and add a ListBox control to the form.
Chapter
Listing412-5:
- ADO.NET in Data
Reading Connected
UsingEnvironments
OracleDataReader
Dim conn As OracleConnection = _
Chapter 9 -New ADO.NET Exception Handling
Chapter 10 -Dim Working
sql Asthe
with ODBC .NET
String Data Provider
= "SELECT * FROM STDTABLE"
Chapter 11 -Try Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter 12 - Oracle, IfSQLXML, and Other=.NET
(conn.State Data Providers
ConnectionState.Closed) Then
Chapter 13 - Developingconn.Open()
End If Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - UsingDim cmd inAsXml
ADO.NET OracleCommand
Web Services = New OracleCommand(sql)
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET cmd.Connection = Data
Server Controls and connBinding
Chapter 17 - BuildingDimReal-World
reader WebAs Applications
OracleDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
ListBox1.Items.Add("NAME
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET ADDRESS ")
While (reader.Read())
Dim str As String
str = reader.GetString(0)
Str += ", "
str += reader.GetString(1)
' Read more fields depends on your table
' Do something here
ListBox1.Items.Add(str)
Index End While
List of Figures reader.Close()
List of Tables
List of Listings MessageBox.Show(exp.Message)
List of Sidebars
Finally
If (conn.State = ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
End If
End Try
Listing 12-5 used the generic data methods, but the code in Listing 12-6 demonstrates using the Oracle-
specific DataReader methods. As you can see, the code uses the GetOracleString,
GetOracleNumber, and GetOracleDateTime methods to read data in Oracle data types.
Listing 12-6: Using the Oracle-Specific DataReader Methods
While (reader.Read())
Dim oraStr As OracleString
oraStr = reader.GetOracleString(0)
Dim str As String
interfaces,=and
oraStr.ToString()
oraStr = reader.GetOracleString(1)
Dim oraDtTime ADO.NET.
As OracleDateTime = _
reader.GetOracleDateTime(2)
Dim
Table of oraNum
Contents As OracleNumber = _
reader.GetOracleNumber(3)
End While
Introduction
Chapter 3
Reading- ADO.NET
and Writing Data Using a DataAdapter
TheOracleDataAdapter Events
class represents the DataAdapter for the Oracle data provider. Like the
Chapter 6 -provider's
other data Integrating XML with ADO.NET
DataAdapter classes, this class also defines the Fill and Update methods. The
Fill method
Chapter fillsBinding
7 - Data a DataSet from a data
and Windows Formssource, and the
Data-Bound Update method saves the changes made to a
Controls
DataSet
Chapter 8 -back to the database.
Listing 12-7 creates an OracleDataAdapter object from a command. After that, code fills a DataSet,
adds a row by using the Update method, and displays the updated data in a DataGrid control. To test
this code, create a Windows application, add a DataGrid control, and add this code on the form load or a
button click event handler.
Chapter
12-7: ReadingDatabase Web Data
and Writing Applications
Using using ASP.NET
OracleDataAdapter
Chapter 18 Dim- Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
conn As OracleConnection = _
Chapter 19 New- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 Dim- COMsql
Interoperability
As String and
= ADO.NET
"SELECT * FROM STDTABLE"
Chapter 21 Try- Messaging
Chapter 22 - SQL'Server
Openand ADO.NET:
the Notes on Performance
connection
If (conn.State Basic Concepts
= ConnectionState.Closed) Then
conn.Open()
Appendix C - ADO.NETEnd Frequently
If Asked Questions
Index ' Create a command with SELECT query
List of Figures Dim cmd As OracleCommand = New OracleCommand(sql)
List of Tables cmd.Connection = conn
List of Listings
Dim adapter As OracleDataAdapter = _
List of Sidebars
New OracleDataAdapter(cmd)
Dim builder1 As OracleCommandBuilder = _
New OracleCommandBuilder()
adapter.Fill(ds, "STDTABLE")
Dim stdTable As DataTable = ds.Tables("STDTABLE")
' Add a row
Dim row As DataRow = ds.Tables(0).NewRow()
row(0) = "New Name"
row(1) = "New Address"
row(2) = DateTime.Today
Applied ADO.NET:
row(3) = "1234"Building Data-Driven Solutions
stdTable.Rows.Add(row) ISBN:1590590732
adapter.Update(ds, "STDTABLE")
'This text provides
Bind DataSet extensive
with coverage of ADO.NET technology
DataGrid
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0) classes, and
Catch exp As namespaces
Exception and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Finally
Table of Contents If (conn.State = ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Close()
Introduction End If
Chapter 1 -EndADO.NET
Try Basics
Caution
Chapter When itADO.NET
5 - Handling comes toEvents
performance, the DataReader should be your first choice over a
Chapter 6 DataSet XML
- Integrating when reading
with data from a database. Don't forget to close a DataReader when
ADO.NET
Chapter 7 you're
- Data doneand
Binding accessing
Windowsdata.
Reading- ADO.NET
Chapter 9
BFILEsException
and LOBsHandling
Chapter
Reading10Binary
- Working
File with the and
(BFILE) ODBC .NET Object
Large Data Provider
Binary (LOB) data types are two more tasks that Oracle
developers don't encounter with other databases. The Oracle .NET data provider handles both of these
Chapter 12 -wisely
data types Oracle,with
SQLXML, andofOther
the help .NET Data Providers
the OracleBFile and OracleLob classes.
TheOracleLob
Chapter class provides
14 - Developing Database access to three Oracle
Web Applications data types: Blob,Clob, and NClob. The Blob
using ASP.NET
data type
Chapter 15 contains binary data
- Using ADO.NET up Web
in Xml to 4GB in the form of an array of bytes. The Clob data type contains
Services
character data up to 4GB in the form of a string. The NClob data type contains the character data based
on the national character set of the server with up to 4GB.
TheGetOracleBFile Mapping
method in .NET
of OracleDataReader returns an OracleBFile object. This code
Chapter 19 BFILE
reads the - Mapped Objects:
data Performance
type from an OracleConsiderations
database: and Data Binding
Dim bf As OracleBFile = reader.GetOracleBFile(1)
TheGetOracleLob
Appendix B - Commonlymethod of OracleDataReader
Used SQL Statements returns an OracleLob object containing data. The
followingCcode
Appendix uses the
- ADO.NET GetOracleLob
Frequently method to read LOB data types:
Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
reader.Read()
List
Dim of Tables
blb As OracleLob = reader.GetOracleLob(1)
Dim
List buffer() As Byte = New Byte(100) {}
of Listings
buffer(0)
List of Sidebars = 0xCC
buffer(1) = 0xDD
blb.Position = 0
Dim lob As OracleLob = CreateTempLob(cmd,blb.LobType)
Dim actual As Long = blb.CopyTo(lob)
Note If you want to know more about BFILE, LOB, and other data types and related classes, see the
documentation of the Oracle .NET data provider.
We could easily write more pages discussing other classes of Oracle data provider, but luckily, the
documentation that comes with the Oracle data provider is full of samples. You shouldn't have to go
anywhere else to find the solution for your problems.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the SQLXML and Building
Applied ADO.NET: SQL XML .NETSolutions
Data-Driven Data Providers
Chapter 6 discussed themajor
Apress XML
2003 (928 .NET-related classes found in the System.Xml namespace to read
pages)
and write XML documents. We also discussed XML integration
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NETwith ADO.NET. The .NET Framework
technology
Library also provides an XML .NET data provider to work with SQL
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and Server 2000 and XML documents.
The .NET supportnamespaces and classes,
was introduced and how to
in the SQLXML 2.0integrate both with
library, which includes two data providers that can
ADO.NET.
be used to read XML data and write XML from and into SQL Server 2000 databases. These two data
providers are the following:
Table of Contents
The SQLXMLOLEDB provider, which is an OLE DB data provider that exposes SQLXML 2.0
functionality through Data-Driven
ADO Solutions
Introduction
The
Chapter 1 SQLXML managed
- ADO.NET Basics classes (the SQL XML .NET data provider) expose SQLXML 2.0 functionality
through
Chapter ADO.NET
Note Currently, SQLXML 3.0 is available for download with Service Pack 1. This chapter uses
SQLXML 3.0, which by default copies to the C:\\Program Files\SQLXML 3.0\Bin folder.
In this chapter, XML withonly
we concentrate ADO.NET
on the SQL XML .NET data provider.
Note
Chapter 8 To get the latest
- Constraints and updates and downloads for SQLXML, visit http://msdn.microsoft.com/sqlxml/.
Data Relations
The SXDP is an add-on; you can download and install it from Microsoft's site
(http://msdn.microsoft.com/sqlxml/). Installing SXDP copies the
Microsoft.Data.SqlXml.dll library, which you should add to an application before you start using it
in an application. InSQLXML, and
VS .NET, youOther
can .NET
add aData Providers
reference to SXDP by using the Add Reference menu option
and selecting a Custom
the Browse button.Data
The Provider
default path of SXDP is the C:\\Program Files\SQLXML
Chapter
3.0\Bin14 -folder
Developing Database
(see Figure Web Applications using ASP.NET
12-2).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List ofFigure 12-2: Adding a reference to Microsoft.Data.SqlXml.dll
Sidebars
Adding a reference to this library adds the Microsoft.Data.SqlXml namespace to the project.
Obviously you include this namespace in your application to access the classes provided by the SXDP:
imports Microsoft.Data.SqlXml
Unlike other data providers, the SQLXMLDP model consists of only three classes: SqlXmlCommand,
SqlXmlParameter, and SqlXmlAdapter.
Using the FOR XML Keyword

SQL Server 2000Applied
providesADO.NET:
a FOR XML keyword
Building that you can
Data-Driven use with the SELECTstatement to read data
Solutions
from a SQL Server to XML format. Using this
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot statement, you can generate XML in four formats: RAW,
ISBN:1590590732
AUTO, NESTED,Apress
and EXPLICIT.
2003 (928 pages)
This
The syntax of FOR XMLtextlooks
provides extensive
like the coverage of ADO.NET technology
following:
FOR XML mode namespaces
[, XMLDATA] and classes, and how to integrate
[, ELEMENTS][, BINARY both with
BASE64]
ADO.NET.
where mode specifies the XML mode. It can be RAW, AUTO, or EXPLICIT. XMLDATAspecifies that an
Table of Contents
XML-Data schema should be returned. If ELEMENTS is specified, it produces columns as subelements;
otherwise columns are mapped as XML attributes. This option is available for AUTO mode only. The
Introduction
choice of which to use is yours, as both options produce valid XML; however, using subelements is more
like XML and may be especially useful if you need to share data across systems that may not have XML
Chapter
parsers2that
- Data Components
understand in Visual
attributes. TheStudio
BINARY.NET BASE64 option specifies that any binary data retuned by
Chapter 3 will
the query - ADO.NET in Disconnected
be in 64-bit Environments
encoded format.
The following
Chapter examples
5 - Handling use this
ADO.NET syntax.
Events
Using7 the
Chapter SqlXmlAdapter
- Data Object
TheSqlXmlAdapter object represents a partial DataAdapter. We said partial because unlike other
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
data providers' Exception Handling
DataAdapter object, it only provides two methods: Fill and Update.
You can
Chapter 11create a SqlXmlAdapter
- Stored from an XML document with arguments of a connection string and
command
Chapter 12 -type. These
Oracle, are two
SQLXML, andoverloaded
Other .NET forms of the SqlXmlAdapter constructor:
Data Providers
Dim adapter As NewDatabase Web Applications using ASP.NET _
SqlXmlAdapter(commandText,
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in
SqlXmlCommandType, Xml Web Services
connectionString)
Dim adapter
Chapter As Server
16 - ASP.NET New SqlXmlAdapter(commandStream,
Controls and Data Binding _
SqlXmlCommandType,
Chapter connectionString)
The connection string for a SqlXmlAdapter is a standard OleDb connection string; however, the provider
must be SQLOLEDB, the SQL Server provider. You can also create a SqlXmlAdapter from a
SqlXmlCommand:
Dim adapter As New SqlXmlAdapter(SqlXmlCommand)
Index
You can also specify the command string and command type later using the CommandText and
List of Figures
CommandType properties. You can use the SchemaPath property to read an XML document.
List of Tables
List of Listings
cmd.CommandText = "EmployeeElement"
List of Sidebars
cmd.CommandType = SqlXmlCommandType.XPath
cmd.SchemaPath = "xmlDoc.xml"
TheFill method takes a DataSet as an argument and fills it with the data specified in the SELECT
command, and the Update method sends a DataSet to save the changes to a data source.
Listing 12-8 uses a SqlXmlAdapter to fill a DataSet and view data in a DataGridcontrol. The code
also uses the Update method to add a new row to the database.
Listing 12-8: UsingSqlXmlAdapter

Private Sub FillDataBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As Applied ADO.NET: Building
System.EventArgs) Data-Driven
Handles Solutions
FillDataBtn.Click
by Mahesh Chand and
Dim connectionString As String = _ David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
"provider=sqloledb;server=mcb;database=Northwind;uid=sa;password=;"
Dim row As ThisDataRow
Dim adapter As ADO.NET
including internals, namespaces, classes, and
SqlXmlAdapter
Dim cmd As SqlXmlCommand
namespaces and classes,=andNew howSqlXmlCommand(connectionString)
cmd.RootTag = "ROOT"
ADO.NET.
cmd.CommandText = "EmployeeElement"
cmd.CommandType = SqlXmlCommandType.XPath
Table ofcmd.SchemaPath
Contents = "xmlDoc.xml"
AppliedDim
ADO.NETBuilding
ds As DataSet Data-Driven
= NewSolutions
DataSet()
Introduction
adapter = New SqlXmlAdapter(cmd)
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapterrow
2 -=Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
ds.Tables(0).Rows(0)
Chapterrow("FName") = "New FName"
Chapterrow("LName")
4 - ADO.NET in = "New LName"
Chapteradapter.Update(ds)
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET= ds.Tables(0)
End7 Sub
Chapter - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Using the SqlXmlParameter Object
TheSqlXmlParameter
Chapter represents
13 - Developing a Custom DataaProvider
parameter, which you can use in a SqlXmlCommand. The
SqlXmlParameter object provides only two properties: Name and Value. The Name property represents
the name of the parameter. The Value property represents the value of the parameter.
TheCreateParameter Controls
method of and Data Binding
the SqlXmlCommand object creates the parameter object. The
following code creates a parameter: Applications
Dim param As SqlXmlParameter
Chapter
param20= -cmd.CreateParameter()
param.Name = "LastName"
param.Value and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
= "Fuller"
Index
Using the SqlXmlCommand Object
List of Figures
List
The ofSqlXmlCommand
Tables object represents the Command object of SXDP. It is usually used to execute SQL
statements.
List of ListingsThe SqlXmlCommand constructor takes a connection string as its argument:
List of Sidebars
public SqlXmlCommand(string connectionString)
where connectionString is the ADO or OLEDB connection string identifying the server, database, and
the login information. A typical connection string looks like following:
Dim connectionString As String = "Provider=SQLOLEDB; Server=(local); " & _

"database=Northwind; user id=UserLogin; password=UserPassword"
Using the SqlXmlCommand Methods

TheExecuteNonQuery method executes SQL statements that don't return any values such as INSERT,
UPDATE, and DELETE statements. You can also use this method to execute an updategram or a
DiffGram that updates records but returns nothing. A DiffGram is an XML format that identifies current
and original versions of data elements. See Chapter 22 for more details.
Note What are updategrams? Updategrams are a feature of SQL Server 2000 that allow SQL Server
database updates toand
namespaces beclasses,
definedand
in XML
how format. The both
to integrate updategrams
with format contains the XML
nodes for each column of a database table.
ADO.NET.
You can use the ExecuteStream and ExecuteToStream methods to write to streams. The
Table of Contents method returns a new Stream object, and the ExecuteToStream method writes the
ExecuteStream
query results
Applied to an existing
ADO.NETBuilding stream. Solutions
Data-Driven
Introduction
TheExecuteXmlReader method executes a query and returns results in an XmlReader object.
Chapter 2 To
Note - Data
useComponents
System.Xml in Visual
in yourStudio .NET you need to add a reference to the System.Xml
application,
Chapter 3 namespace.
TheCreateParameter
Chapter method
5 - Handling ADO.NET creates a parameter for SXDP, which can be used by
Events
SqlXmlCommand.
Chapter YouXML
6 - Integrating can with
set values for the Name and Value parameters of this object. The
ADO.NET
ClearParameter
Chapter method
7 - Data Binding and removes
Windows all parameters
Forms associated
Data-Bound Controls with a Command object.
Using the
Chapter 9
SqlXmlCommand Properties
TheSqlXmlCommand the ODBC
object .NETmany
supports Data properties,
Provider which are defined in Table 12-2.
Table 12-2: SQLXML, and Other
The SqlXmlCommand .NET Data Providers
Properties
ClientSideXml
Chapter When setWeb
14 - Developing Database to True, conversion
Applications using of the rowset to XML occurs on the client
ASP.NET
instead
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET of on
in Xml Webthe server. This is useful when you want to move the
Services
performance load to the middle tier. This property also allows you to wrap
the existing stored procedures with FOR XML to get XML output.
SchemaPath This isMapping in .NET
the name of the mapping schema along with the directory path (for
example,
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: C:\x\y\MySchema.xml).
Performance ThisBinding
Considerations and Data property specifies a mapping
schema for
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability andXPath queries. The path specified can be absolute or relative. If
ADO.NET
Chapter 21 - Messaging the path specified is relative, the base path specified in BasePath resolves
Chapter 22 - SQL Server the
and relative
ADO.NET:path. If the
Notes on base path isn't specified, the relative path is relative
Performance
to the current
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some directory.
Basic Concepts
Appendix
XslPathB - Commonly Used
This SQL
is theStatements
name of the XSL file along with the directory path. The path
specifiedAsked Questions
can be absolute or relative. If the path specified is relative, the
Index base path specified in BasePath resolves the relative path. If the base path
List of Figures isn't specified, the relative path is relative to the current directory.
List of Tables
BasePath This is the base path (a directory path). The value of this property resolves
List of Listings
relative paths specified for the XSL file (using the XslPathproperty), the
List of Sidebars
mapping schema file (using the SchemaPathproperty), or an external
schema reference in an XML template (specified using mapping-schema
attribute).
OutputEncoding This specifies the requested encoding for the stream returned by the
command execution. Some commonly used encodings are UTF-8, ANSI,
and Unicode. UTF-8 is the default encoding.
Namespaces XPath queries can include namespaces. If the schema elements are
namespace-qualified (use a target namespace), the XPath queries against
the schema must specify the namespace. This member enables the
execution of XPath queries that use namespaces.
RootTag This
Applied providesBuilding
ADO.NET: the singleData-Driven
root elementSolutions
for the XML generated by the
command
by Mahesh Chand execution. A valid XML document
and David Talbot requires a single root-level tag.
ISBN:1590590732
If the command
Apress 2003 (928 pages) executed generates an XML fragment (without a single top-
level element), you can optionally specify the root element for the returning
XML.
CommandText namespaces
This isand
theclasses,
text of the
andcommand to execute.
ADO.NET.
CommandStream This is the command stream to execute. This property is useful if you want
to execute a command from a file (for example, an XML template). When
Table of Contents usingCommandStream, only Template,UpdateGram, and DiffGram
CommandType
Applied ADO.NETBuilding values are supported
Introduction
CommandType This identifies the type of command being executed. This property is of type
SqlXmlCommandType.
Chapter 3 - describes
Table 12-3 ADO.NET inthe
Disconnected Environments property.
SqlXmlCommandType
Table 12-3: ADO.NET Events
The SqlXmlCommandType Members
COMMANDTYPE DESCRIPTION
Chapter
Sql 8 - Constraints and Dataan
Executes Relations
SQL command (for example, SELECT * FROM Employees
FOR XMLHandling
AUTO).
XPath Executes an XPath command (for example,
Employees[@EmployeeID=1]).
13 - DevelopingExecutes
Template
Chapter a Customan XML
Data template.
Provider
UpdateGram Executes an updategram.
DiffGram
Chapter Executes
16 - ASP.NET Server a DiffGram.
Controls and Data Binding
TemplateFile Executes a template file. This allows you to execute updategrams and
DiffGrams.
Seeing
Chapter 21 SqlXmlCommand
- Messaging in Action
Listing 12-9
Appendix uses different
A - Relational methods
Databases: andBasic
Some properties of SqlXmlCommand to execute SQL queries.
Concepts
Listing 12-9: UsingSqlXmlCommand to Execute Commands
Index
Imports
List System
of Figures
Imports
List of TablesSystem.IO
Imports
List System.Xml
of Listings
Imports Microsoft.Data.SqlXml
List of Sidebars
Module Module1
Sub Main()
ExecuteStreamMethod()
ExecuteToStreamMethod()
SqlParamExecuteMethod()
ExecuteNonQueryMethod()
End Sub
Public Sub ExecuteStreamMethod()

Dim sql As Applied
StringADO.NET:
= _ Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
"SELECT FirstName, Title, and David Talbot FROM Employees
Address ISBN:1590590732
WHERE " & _
"LastName = 'Fuller' FOR XML AUTO"
Dim cmd As ThisSqlXmlCommand
text provides extensive
= Newcoverage of ADO.NET technology
SqlXmlCommand(connectionString)
including
cmd.CommandText = sqlADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Try namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
Dim st ADO.NET.
As Stream = cmd.ExecuteStream()
Dim stReader As StreamReader = New StreamReader(st)
Console.WriteLine(stReader.ReadToEnd())
Table of Contents
Introduction
End Try
Chapter
End1 Sub- ADO.NET Basics
Public
Chapter Sub ExecuteToStreamMethod()
ChapterDim
4 -connectionString As String = _
Chapter "provider=sqloledb;server=mcb;database=Northwind;uid=sa;password=;"
ChapterDim
6 -sql As String
Integrating = ADO.NET
XML with _
Chapter"SELECT
7 - Data FirstName, Title,
Binding and Windows Address
Forms FROM
Data-Bound Employees WHERE " & _
Controls
"LastName
Chapter 8
= 'Fuller' FOR XML AUTO"
Dim cmd As SqlXmlCommand = New SqlXmlCommand(connectionString)
cmd.CommandText = sql
Try
Dim memStream As MemoryStream = New MemoryStream()
Dim stReader As StreamReader = New StreamReader(memStream)
cmd.ExecuteToStream(memStream)
memStream.Position = Applications
0 using ASP.NET
ChapterCatch
16 - ASP.NET
exp As Server Controls and Data Binding
Exception
ChapterEnd
18 -Try
End19Sub
Public
Chapter Sub ExecuteNonQueryMethod()
21 - Messaging
ChapterDim
22 -connectionString AsNotes
SQL Server and ADO.NET: String = _
on Performance
Appendix"provider=sqloledb;server=mcb;database=Northwind;uid=sa;password=;"
"DELETE Employees WHERE LastName = 'tel'"
Index
List of Figures
Try
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
End Try
End Sub
Public Sub SqlParamExecuteMethod()

"SELECT FirstName, Title, Address FROM Employees " & _
"FOR XML AUTO"
Try
Applied
Dim param As ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
SqlXmlParameter
by Mahesh Chand and
param = cmd.CreateParameter() David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
param.Name = "LastName" pages)
This text=provides
param.Value "Fuller" extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Dim st As Stream = cmd.ExecuteStream()
Dim stReader
namespaces As and
StreamReader
classes, and how= toNew StreamReader(st)
integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table ofEnd
Contents
Try
Applied
EndADO.NETBuilding
Sub Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
End Module
Caution
Chapter You get in
4 - ADO.NET anConnected
exceptionEnvironments
if you don't use the FOR XML directive in a SQL query and then try to
Chapter 5 use general
- Handling SQLEvents
ADO.NET queries.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using a MySQL
AppliedDatabase andData-Driven
ADO.NET: Building the .NETSolutions
Data Provider
In Chapter 10, weApress
discussed
2003how
(928to access MySQL databases using the ODBC .NET data provider, but
pages)
you can also access MySQL databases using
This text provides extensive differentofinterfaces.
coverage Three common interfaces to access
ADO.NET technology
MySQL databases are as follows:
namespaces
Using the ODBC andprovider
.NET data classes, with
the help both with driver
of the MyODBC
ADO.NET.
Using MySQL native .NET providers
Table of Contents
Using the OLEDB.NET solution, the MyOLDDB provider
To see more details about these interfaces, samples, links, and other resources, visit
Introduction
www.mysql.com/articles/dotnet/.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In this chapter, you added
Apress more
2003 (928data providers to your data provider list. You learned about various data
pages)
providers to access Oracle databases. We discussed
This text provides extensive theADO.NET
coverage of Oracle .NET data provider in detail and showed
technology
you how you can including
access Oracle databases.
The SQLXML .NET namespaces and classes,
data provider providesand howand
a fast to integrate
optimizedboth
waywith
to communicate between SQL Server
ADO.NET.
and XML. In this chapter, you saw how to install and work with the XML .NET data provider.
In the next chapter, you'll put all the data providerrelated pieces together and work with some data
Table of Contents
provider internals. You'll also learn how to build your own custom data provider.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
13: Developing a Custom
Data Provider
ISBN:1590590732
Highlights This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET allowsinterfaces,
developers astakes
and mucha flexibility in creating
comprehensive look custom
at XML data providers as Microsoft had
namespaces
developing the SqlClient and and classes,
OleDb data and how to In
providers. integrate both with
other words, you can create data providers for
ADO.NET.
virtually any source of data you can think of, from file formats to Web services.
Think about some of the possibilities this presents. If you needed to create a database application that
Table of Contents
works on top of a number of different databases such as Microsoft SQL Server and IBM DB2, you could
build a Web service that does the actual database access while your custom data provider provides the
Introduction
front end. Figure 13-1 shows such an application would work.
Figure
Chapter 9 - 13-1: A Web-service-based
ADO.NET Exception Handling data provider that accesses a Relational Database Management
System
Chapter (RDBMS)
Using an architecture like the one shown in Figure 13-1, you can have focused teams develop
compatibility to the Web service you've created for data access. Your data provider only needs to know
how to access the Web service, and you can build your application using the same Application
Programming Interface (API) as you would for direct database calls.
The advantage
Chapter of building
16 - ASP.NET ServeraControls
system and
like Data
this isBinding
obvious-you can start building your application on top of the
ADO.NET
Chapter 17 -interfaces while the data
Building Real-World provider, Web service architecture, and individual database
Web Applications
compatibility
Chapter gets worked out.Mapping
18 - Object-Relational This is more
in .NETthan a little helpful if you're working on a large project requiring
cross-database
Chapter compatibility.
This example highlights why the ability to write a custom data provider is truly beneficial; it's a way to
provide standard access to a nonstandard source of data. In other words, this provides a way to normalize
the way you work with data regardless of the source.
In this chapter
Appendix you'll build
B - Commonly Useda SQL
data Statements
provider that allows access to data in pipe-delimited format, and you'll
provide aC standard
Appendix - ADO.NET.NET API by Asked
Frequently implementing the Microsoft interfaces to create a custom data provider.
Questions
The pipe-delimited format is common, especially to Unix systems, as a way to move data between
Index
systems.
List Many large Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems support the ability to export data in this
of Figures
format.
List Another popular format you could build support for is the Comma Separated Values (CSV) format,
of Tables
which
List is more popular on Windows systems. This chapter begins with an overview of the data provider
of Listings
interfaces.
List of Sidebars
Overview ofApplied
the Data Provider
ADO.NET: Interfaces
Figure 13-2 shows a custom
Apress 2003data provider's interfaces, grouped by function, and shows how they use
(928 pages)
each other. As you can see, the custom datacoverage
This text provides extensive providerofhas four objects:
ADO.NET Connection,Command,Reader,
technology
andAdapter. The following sections discuss these objects and how
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and they work.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 13-2: A custom data provider at a high level
Chapter 6
Understanding
Chapter 7
the Connection Object
AConnection and
object is anData Relations
individual session with a source of data. If it's a database connection, it's likely
Chapter
an open9 Transfer
- ADO.NET Exception
Control Handling
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) channel back to the server on a particular
Chapter 10has
port that - Working with the ODBC
been authenticated as.NET Data
having Provider
access to the database. If your data source is a file, it's likely a
Chapter 11 -on
file handle Stored Procedures
the file andread
that will be Views
from. To fully understand how generic this interface is, take a look at
the IDbConnection
Chapter interface's
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, andproperties in Table
Other .NET 13-1 and methods in Table 13-2.
Data Providers
Table 13-1:
Chapter The Properties
14 - Developing of the
Database Applications using Interface
WebIDbConnection ASP.NET
ConnectionString
Chapter This
17 - Building Real-World property
Web represents how the data provider can find its data
Applications
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational source.
MappingIn
in the case of a file-based source, this could be the path to the
.NET
file. If it's a Web
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance service, it could
Considerations be aBinding
and Data Uniform Resource Indicator
(URI).
ConnectionTimeout This property represents the amount of time the object should try to
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on
connect before Performance
giving up.
Database If connecting
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL to a multiple data source such as an RDBMS, this is the
Statements
name of the database to which it's connected. If connecting to an
Extensible Markup Language (XML) file, it could potentially represent a
Index
section of the document.
List of Figures
ListState
of Tables This property represents the current state of the connection such as
List of Listings Open or Closed.
List of Sidebars
Table 13-2: The Methods of the IDbConnection Interface

METHOD DESCRIPTION
BeginTransaction() Starts a transaction
ChangeDatabase() Changes
This text provides fromcoverage
extensive one database to another
of ADO.NET within the current connection
technology
Close() Closes
interfaces, and the
takes a connection look at XML
comprehensive
CreateCommand()
ADO.NET. Returns an uninitialized instance of a command that works with this
connection
Open()
Table of Contents Opens the connection
Introduction
After reading through the methods and properties of this interface, it should be obvious that you can use
theIDbConnection interface to manage a connection to virtually any type of resource imaginable.
Understanding
Chapter 4 the Command
- ADO.NET in Connected EnvironmentsObject
The second major component of an ADO.NET data provider is the Command object as represented by the
IDbCommand interface.XML
Thiswith ADO.NET
interface represents a single action taken on the data source.
TheIDbCommand
Chapter interface
8 - Constraints gets Relations
and Data data from a data source or performs alterations on the data source.
Everything
Chapter 9 -else aboutException
ADO.NET the behavior of your Command object is up to you. This means that you can, if you
Handling
want, define
Chapter your own
10 - Working data
with thequery
ODBClanguage
.NET Data(or your own dialect of SQL) that's optimized for dealing with
Provider
the specific
Chapter type of Procedures
11 - Stored data with which your provider is dealing. However, developers who use SQL should
and Views
probably
Chapter 12write a SQL-like
- Oracle, language.
SQLXML, If you
and Other .NEThave
Data aProviders
complete meta-language that requires interpretation,
you can interpret the CommandText string to execute whatever commands you need on the data source.
If, for example, you're creating a Command object around selecting and altering text files, you can use a
regular expression and execute it against the text file and then return the results in a custom
implementation of IDbDataReader.Table 13-3 describes the IDbCommand interface's properties, and
Table 13-4 describes its methods.
Table 13-3: The Properties of the IDbCommand Interface
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
CommandText This property is a string that tells your Command object what to do. This
can be SQL executed against the database, an XPATH query to choose
a node in an XML document, or some other type of command that lets
Appendix B - Commonly UsedyourSQL command
Statementsobject know what it's expected to do.
CommandTimeout
Index This property represents the amount of time the command should wait
List of Figures before canceling its operation.
ListCommandType
of Tables This property represents the type of command this is, such as a stored
List of Listings procedure or a text command.
List of Sidebars
Connection This property represents the IDbConnection that this object uses.
Parameters This property represents a collection of IDbParameter objects. If your
command requires any type of information from the calling program to
know what to do, the Parameters collection is the place to do it.
Transaction This property represents the Transaction object that provides the
context for a given transaction.
UpdatedRowSource This property represents the row in the DataRow or DataTablethat's
being altered.
Table 13-4: The Methods of the IDbCommand Interface
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Cancel() Stops the current command
including ADO.NET
CreateParameter() Createsinternals, namespaces,
a new parameter classes,
in the and
Parameters collection
namespacesExecutes
ExecuteNonQuery() and classes,
theand how to integrate
command both with for a result set to be
with no expectation
ADO.NET. returned
ExecuteReader() Returns an IDbDataReader object to iterate through the results of a

Table of Contents query
ExecuteScalar()
Introduction Returns a single object from the execution of the command
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics Compiles or prepares the statement for execution if necessary
Prepare()
Chapter 4
Understanding
Chapter 5
the Reader Object
TheReader object is aXML with
class ADO.NET
that implements a number of interfaces; two interfaces are mandatory, and
one interface is optional. The two required Data-Bound
interfaces areControls
IDataReader and IDataRecord, which
provide8the- structure
Chapter forand
Constraints iterating through any forward-only data collection. IDataReader allows for the
Data Relations
iteration9 from
Chapter one rowException
- ADO.NET to the next within your data source, and the IDataRecord object allows access to
Handling
an individual
Chapter row in the
10 - Working withresult set. .NET Data Provider
the ODBC
The optional interface to implement is the IEnumerable interface. If you choose to implement this
interface, you can bind your IDataReader object directly to ASP.NET and Windows Forms controls. In
practice, there really isn't any reason why you shouldn't implement this interface because you only have to
implement one method that returns an instance of a DbEnumerator object.
As mentioned,
Chapter to create
16 - ASP.NET a working
Server Controlsdata
and provider, you have to implement the IDataReader and
Data Binding
IDataRecord
Chapter interfaces.
17 - Building A little
Real-World Weblater in this chapter you'll see an example implementation of these
Applications
methods
Chapter 18coming together to Mapping
- Object-Relational provide ainmeans
.NET of reading a pipe-delimited file. The DbEnumerator object
already19
Chapter knows how Objects:
- Mapped to manipulate these interfaces
Performance and translate
Considerations and Data them into the behavior expected from a
Binding
standard
Chapter 20IEnumerable object. Think
- COM Interoperability of implementing this interface as a no-pain, much-to-gain type of
and ADO.NET
implementation.
Chapter Listing 13-1 shows the implementation for an enumerator. Table 13-5 describes the
21 - Messaging
IDataReader interface's properties, and Table 13-6 describes its methods.
Table 13-5: The Properties of the IDataReader Interface
PROPERTY Asked Questions
DESCRIPTION
Index
Depth
List of Figures The level of nesting in the result sets
ListIsClosed
of Tables Returns true if the connection is closed
List of Listings
RecordsAffected
List of Sidebars
Returns the number of records affected
Table 13-6: The Methods of the IDataReader Interface

METHOD DESCRIPTION
Close() Closes the result set

GetSchemaTable() Returns a table with the schema of the result set
NextResult() Advances to the next result
Read() Reads a single record
Listing 13-1: The Implementation for an Enumerator
Public Function
ApressGetEnumerator()
2003 (928 pages)
As IEnumerator Implements _
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
Return New System.Data.Common.DbEnumerator(Me)
End Function interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Using Visual Basic .NET, you'll find that creating the Reader object includes far more typing than actually
Table of Contents
thinking through the problem because of the level of verboseness required to implement an interface.
Because the IDataRecordinterface includes strongly typed methods to get a column's value, you have
Introduction
to create an implementation for each and every GetXXX method. Table 13-7 describes the
IDataRecord interface's properties, and Table 13-8 describes its methods.
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
Table 13-7: in Disconnected
The Properties Environments Interface
of the IDataRecord
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
Chapter 6- Integrating XML with ADO.NET
FieldCount The number of columns in the current row
A collection
Item8 - Constraints
Chapter and DataofRelations
objects that represents the current row
Table 13-8:
Chapter The Methods
11 - Stored of and
Procedures the Views
IDataRecord Interface
Chapter
METHOD12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
DESCRIPTION
GetBoolean()
Chapter GetsWeb
14 - Developing Database a Boolean valueusing
Applications for the specified column
ASP.NET
GetByte() Gets a byte value for the specified column
GetBytes()
Chapter Gets
17 - Building Real-World anApplications
Web array of bytes for the specified column
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Gets
GetChar() Mapping in .NET for the specified column
a character
GetChars()
Chapter Gets
20 - COM Interoperability anADO.NET
and array of characters for the specified column
GetData() Gets an IDataReader for the specified column, which is useful for
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on of
nested structures Performance
data
GetDataTypeName() Gets a string that represents the data type for the specified column
GetDateTime() GetsAsked Questionsobject for the specified column
a DateTime
Index
GetDecimal() Gets a decimal for the specified column
List of Figures
ListGetDouble()
of Tables Gets a double for the specified column
List of Listings
GetFieldType() Gets a Type object for the specified column
List of Sidebars
GetFloat() Gets a Float object for the specified column
GetGuid() Gets a globally unique identifier for the specified column
GetInt16() Gets a 16-bit integer for the specified column
GetName() Gets a text name for the specified column
GetOrdinal() Gets the column number of the column of a specified name
Gets a string
GetString() Applied ADO.NET: for the
Building specified column
GetValue() by Mahesh Chand and
Gets an Davidfor
object Talbot ISBN:1590590732
the specified column
Gets an
GetValues() This text provides array ofcoverage
extensive objects for the specified
of ADO.NET column
technology
Returns
IsDBNull() interfaces, and True if the current column is null
ADO.NET.
Understanding the Adapter Object

Table of Contents
TheAdapter object implements the IDbDataAdapter interface and inherits from the DbDataAdapter
object. The purpose of this object is to glue together the four IDbCommand objects required to get and
Introduction
alter the database. It also defines how a DataSet should be filled and how to go about reflecting changes
made in the DataSet back to your custom data source. Table 13-9 describes the properties of the
IDbDataAdapter interface. Please note that this interface does not contain any methods, just properties.
Table 13-9: The Properties of the IDbDataAdapter Interface
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
SelectCommand TheIDbCommand that loads data from the data source
InsertCommand
Chapter TheIDbCommand
9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling that inserts data into the data source
UpdateCommand TheIDbCommand that updates data in the data source
DeleteCommand
Chapter TheIDbCommand
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, that
and Other .NET deletes
Data data from the data source
Providers
TheIDbDataAdapter interface simply defines the four IDbCommand objects and how they work with a
DataSet. Depending on the requirements for your custom data provider, you can potentially set this in the
constructor for your Adapter object. Table 13-10 describes the IDbDataAdapter interface's properties,
andTable 13-11 describes its methods.
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Table 13-10: Objects: Performance
The Properties Considerations and
of the IDbDataAdapter Data Binding
Object
PROPERTY
Chapter 21 - Messaging DESCRIPTION
DefaultTableSourceName Provides the name of the table that this adapter will use to
manage its mappings
C - ADO.NET Frequently AskedDetermines
AcceptChangesDuringFill
Appendix Questions if AcceptChanges is called on a DataRow when
Index
it's added to the DataSet
ListContainer
of Figures Gets a reference to the IContainer for this adapter
List of Tables (primarily used in the visual builder)
List of Listings
ContinueUpdateOnError Determines if the rest of a DataSet is updated when there's
List of Sidebars
an error on a single row
MissingMappingAction Determines what should be done if the adapter is unable to
determine what action to execute
MissingSchemaAction Determines what should be done if the DataSet's schema
does not match the adapter's schema
Site Returns the ISite of this component, which is similar to a
namespace but is for the Internet. This is similar to an XML
namespace.
TableMappings A collection of mappings between the source table and this
DataTable
Table 13-11: ThebyMethods

Mahesh Chand
of theand David Talbot
IDbDataAdapter Object ISBN:1590590732
Fill() Fills thelook
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive at XML using the SelectCommand of
DataSet
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate
this adapter both with
ADO.NET.
FillSchema() Creates a DataTable within a DataSet with the
schema handled by this adapter
Table of Contents
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions Gets the parameters required for the
GetFillParameters()
SelectCommand to be properly called to fill up this
Introduction
data
Chapter Calls the appropriate InsertCommand,
Update()
Chapter 3 UpdateCommand, or DeleteCommand as required
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environmentsto update the data source to reflect the changes
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events made in the DataSet
CreateRowUpdatedEvent() Fills in the values of the RowUpdatedEventArgs
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound
object withControls
the proper values for this adapter
CreateRowUpdatingEvent()
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling Fills in the values of a RowUpdatingEventArgs
object with the proper values for this adapter
CreateTableMappings() Creates an instance of the
DataTableMappingCollection object
OnFillError() Creates a FillError event
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services Creates a RowUpdated event
OnRowUpdated()
OnRowUpdating() Creates a RowUpdating event
ShouldSerializeTableMappings()
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET If this object is serialized, determines whether the
table mappings
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations beBinding
and Data serialized with it
As you can see, the DbDataAdapter object contains quite a few methods (Table 13-11 doesn't list all the
methods, such as those inherited from MarshalByRefObject and Component). The good news is that
you'll only have to override a few of them to create your custom data provider.
Appendix
NoteC Most
- ADO.NET
of the Frequently
methods youAsked Questions
implement can throw a NotSupportedException if that particular
Index property or method doesn't have any context with your particular data source. You'll see this
List of Figures
used in several places in the PipedDataProvider application in the next section of this chapter.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Building a Custom DataBuilding
Applied ADO.NET: Provider
Now that you understand the data
Apress 2003 provider interfaces, you'll implement a custom data provider that has the ability
(928 pages)
to fill a DataSetThis
fromtext
data in piped format. (This
provides extensive dataofprovider
coverage ADO.NETwill be read only for the sake of brevity.) Figure 13-
technology
3 shows the PipedDataProvider that you'll create in the following
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and sections.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 4 - 13-3:
Figure ADO.NET in from
Data Connected Environmentsin Notepad
pipeddata.txt
Chapter
As you 6can- Integrating XML with
see from Figure ADO.NET
13-3, a piped format file is basically a series of columns separated by the pipe symbol
(|). There's
Chapter 7 - no data
Data typing-or
Binding even theForms
and Windows suggestion of dataControls
Data-Bound typing-other than what can be guessed from the strings
between
Chapter 8 each pipe. Forand
- Constraints thisData
reason, the object you'll implement will only support string data and not attempt to
Relations
make a9guess
Chapter that the
- ADO.NET first column
Exception in the figure should be an integer.
Handling
Creating the PipedDataConnection Object
Because
Chapter 13 the data provider
- Developing you'reData
a Custom creating needs to access a file system object, the connection implemented in
Provider
Listing 14
Chapter 13-2 manages the
- Developing file handle
Database Web for the file provided
Applications to the object.
using ASP.NET
Listing 13-2: The PipedDataConnection Object
Imports
Chapter 18 -System
Imports
Imports System.IO
Namespace AppliedADO.DataProvider
Public Class PipedDataConnection
Implements System.Data.IDbConnection
Index Public FileName As String
List of Figures
Friend file As System.IO.StreamReader
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Public Sub New(ByVal fn As String)
Me.FileName = fn
file = New StreamReader(New FileStream(Me.FileName, FileMode.Open))
_State = ConnectionState.Open
'The constructor for this connection opens a file handle
End Sub
Public Sub NotSupported()

Throw New System.NotSupportedException()
End Sub
Public Function BeginTransaction(ByVal iso As IsolationLevel) _

As IDbTransaction Implements IDbConnection.BeginTransaction
NotSupported()
by MaheshNothing
Return Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
End Function 2003 (928 pages)
including
Public ADO.NET
Function internals, namespaces, classes,
BeginTransaction() _ and
As IDbTransaction Implements
namespaces and classes,IDbConnection.BeginTransaction
NotSupported()'We
ADO.NET. are not supporting transactions
Return Nothing
End Function
Table of Contents
Public Sub ChangeDatabase(ByVal newDB As String) _
Implements Data-Driven Solutions
IDbConnection.ChangeDatabase
Introduction NotSupported()'We are not supporting the ability to change databases
Chapter 1 -EndADO.NET
Sub Basics
Chapter 3 -Public
ADO.NET Function CreateCommand()
in Disconnected Environments _
As IDbCommand
Chapter Implements
4 - ADO.NET IDbConnection.CreateCommand
Chapter 5 DimADO.NET
- Handling idbCmdEvents
As IDbCommand
Chapter 6 idbCmd
- Integrating XML=with
NewADO.NET
PipedDataCommand()
Chapter 7 - Data Return idbCmd
'Creates the command object
End Function
Public Sub Close() Implements IDbConnection.Close
file.Close()
_State = ConnectionState.Closed
Chapter
'Closes13 -the
Developing
file ahandle
Custom Data
and Provider
sets the state to closed
Chapter 14 -End
Developing
Sub Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 16 -Public
ASP.NET Server Controls Implements
Sub Open() and Data Binding
IDbConnection.Open
_State = ConnectionState.Open
Chapter
'Since 18 we're
- Object-Relational
opening Mapping in .NET
the file handle in the constuctor, we're
'just19setting
Chapter - Mapped the state
Objects: here. Considerations and Data Binding
Performance
Chapter 20 -End
COM Sub
Chapter 22 -Dim _State
SQL Server andAs ConnectionState
Public ReadOnly Property State() As ConnectionState _
Implements IDbConnection.State
Get
Index
Return _State
List of Figures
End Get
List of Tables
End Property
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Public Property ConnectionString() As String Implements _
IDbConnection.ConnectionString
Get
Return FileName
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As String)
FileName = Value
End Set
End Property
Private _ConnectionTimeout = 0
Public ReadOnly Property ConnectionTimeout() As Integer Implements _

IDbConnection.ConnectionTimeout
Get
by Mahesh
ReturnChand and David Talbot
_ConnectionTimeout ISBN:1590590732
Apress
End Get 2003 (928 pages)
End Property
Private _Database
namespaces = ""and how to integrate both with
and classes,
Public ReadOnly Property Database() As String Implements _
ADO.NET.
IDbConnection.Database
Get
Table of Contents Return _Database
End Get Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction End Property
ChapterEnd
1 -Class
ADO.NET Basics
End Namespace
In the case- of
Chapter 6
the PipedDataConnection object, the connection string is a complete path and filename of the
file in piped format. As soon as you create a new FileStream object, the file handle opens; so, in the constructor
for this object, you set the ConnectionState to Open. When the Close() method is called on the
PipedDataConnection object, the FileStream closes and the handle to the file is released.
In the course with the ODBC
of implementing .NET Data
this object, Provider
you'll find there are several methods that have no relevance to this
Chapter 11 type
particular - Stored Procedures
of data source.and
For Views
example, ChangeDatabase() is meaningless because you're not working with
Chapter 12 - or
a database Oracle, SQLXML,
any other typeand Othersource
of data .NET Data
with Providers
named subsections. To avoid complexity, you can skip
BeginTransaction().
Chapter With these
13 - Developing a Custom Data methods
Provider you simply throw a NotSupportedException to let the data
provider
Chapter 14system know that
- Developing this particular
Database method or
Web Applications property
using isn't supported.
ASP.NET
This may sound like it would cause this connection to create all kinds of problems, but in a practical application it
doesn't. The portions of code in the PipedDataConnection object that throw the NotSupportedException
will be understood and suppressed by the container they run in, assuming of course that you don't try to directly
call them from your code.
Creating the PipedDataCommand Object
TheCommand object for the piped data provider is the PipedDataCommand object. This object represents a
single action Databases:
taken against Some
the data Basic in
source; Concepts
this case, the PipedDataCommand object can only load the entire
Appendix
contentsBof- the
Commonly UsedinSQL
file named the Statements
PipedDataConnection object, so it has no need to actually interpret the
CommandText Frequently Asked Questions
property.
Index
When
List this object is created, it's passed a string for the CommandText of the command and the
of Figures
PipedDataConnection
List of Tables on which this command will take place.
List of Listings
The primary workhorse of this object is the ExecuteReader method. According to the interface it implements, the
List of Sidebars
IDbCommand interface, this method should return something of the type IDataReader. In this case, a
PipedDataReader is returned (PipedDataReader is defined in the next section of this chapter). Listing 13-3
shows the PipedDataCommand object.
Listing 13-3: The PipedDataCommand Object
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Public Class PipedDataCommand

Implements System.Data.IDbCommand
by Mahesh
Public Chand and David Talbot
Sub New() ISBN:1590590732
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal
namespaces and classes,cmd As String,
and how to integrateByRef pdc As PipedDataConnection)
both with
_CommandText
ADO.NET. = cmd
_Connection = pdc
End Sub
Table of Contents
Public Sub Data-Driven Solutions
NotSupported()
Introduction Throw New NotSupportedException()
Chapter 1 -End
ADO.NET
Sub Basics
Chapter 3 -Public
ADO.NET Sub NotImpl()
Chapter 4 Throw
- ADO.NET New NotImplementedException()
Chapter 5 -End SubADO.NET Events
Handling
Chapter 7 -Public Suband
Data Binding Cancel() Implements
Windows Forms IDbCommand.Cancel
Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8
NotSupported()
End Sub
Public Sub Prepare() Implements IDbCommand.Prepare
End Sub
Chapter 13 -Public
Function Provider
ExecuteNonQuery() _
As Integer Implements IDbCommand.ExecuteNonQuery using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - UsingReturn
ADO.NET0in Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 -End
Function
Chapter 18 -Public
Object-Relational
Function Mapping in .NET
CreateParameter()_
As IDataParameter
Chapter Implements
19 - Mapped Objects: IDbCommand.CreateParameter
Chapter 20 - COM NotSupported()
Return Nothing
Chapter 22 -End Function
Appendix A -Public
RelationalFunction ExecuteReader()_
As IDataReader Implements IDbCommand.ExecuteReader
Dim reader As PipedDataReader
reader = New PipedDataReader("ALL", _Connection)
Index
Return reader
List of Figures
End Function
List of Tables
List of Listings
Public Function ExecuteReader(ByVal b As CommandBehavior) _
List
AsofIDataReader
Sidebars Implements IDbCommand.ExecuteReader
Return ExecuteReader()
End Function
Public Function ExecuteScalar() As Object Implements _

IDbCommand.ExecuteScalar
NotImpl()
Return Nothing
End Function
Private _CommandText As String

Public Property CommandText() As String Implements IDbCommand.CommandText
Get
by Mahesh
ReturnChand and David Talbot
_CommandText ISBN:1590590732
Apress
This text provides
Set(ByVal Valueextensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
As String)
_CommandText = Value namespaces, classes, and
End Set and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
End Property
ADO.NET.
Private _CommandTimeout = 0
Table of Contents
Public Property CommandTimeout()_
As Integer ImplementsData-Driven Solutions
IDbCommand.CommandTimeout
Introduction Get
Return _CommandTimeout
Chapter 2 - Data End
Components
Get in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 Set(ByVal
- ADO.NET ValueEnvironments
in Disconnected As Integer)
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in_CommandTimeout = Value
Chapter 5 EndADO.NET
- Handling Set Events
Chapter 6 -End Property
Chapter 8
Private _CommandType As CommandType
Public Property CommandType() As CommandType _
Implements IDbCommand.CommandType
Get
Return _CommandType
End Get a Custom Data Provider
Set(ByVal Value Web Applications using ASP.NET
As CommandType)
If (Value <> CommandType.Text) Then
NotSupported()
End If Web Applications
_CommandType = Value
EndObjects:
Chapter 19 - Mapped Set Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 -End
COM Property
Chapter 22 -Private
SQL Server_Connection As IDbConnection
Public Property Connection() As IDbConnection _
Implements IDbCommand.Connection
Get
Index
Return _Connection
List of Figures
End Get
List of Tables
Set(ByVal Value As IDbConnection)
List of Listings _Connection = Value
List of Sidebars End Set
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property Parameters() As _

IDataParameterCollection Implements IDbCommand.Parameters
Get
NotSupported()
Return Nothing
End Get
End Property
Public Property Transaction() As IDbTransaction _

Implements IDbCommand.Transaction
Get
NotSupported() ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
Return Nothingpages)
This text
End Getprovides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
Set(ByVal Value internals, namespaces, classes, and
As IDbTransaction)
NotSupported()
End Set
ADO.NET.
End Property
Public Property UpdatedRowSource() As UpdateRowSource _
Table of Contents
Implements IDbCommand.UpdatedRowSource
Get Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction Return UpdatedRowSource.None
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
End Basics
Get
Chapter 2 - Data Set(ByVal
Components inValue
Visual Studio .NET
As UpdateRowSource)
Chapter 4 End inSet
- ADO.NET Connected Environments
ChapterEnd
6 -Class
End Namespace
Creating the PipedDataReader Object
For the13
Chapter calling programa to
- Developing loop through
Custom and access the data in the piped data file, you have to implement a
Data Provider
Reader object. The PipedDataReader object's responsibility is iterating through the data in the file and
providing the data to the calling program in a strongly typed format.
Chapter
Most of16
the- ASP.NET
work thatServer Controls
this object and
does Data Binding
happens in the Read() method. This method reads the next line in the file
and sets the internal object array _cols to the result. Once the _cols variable has been set, the different
Chapter
GetXXX 18methods
- Object-Relational
can provide Mapping in .NET to the calling program.
this information
In the constructor
Chapter for this object,and
20 - COM Interoperability the ADO.NET
Read() method is automatically called once and the connection is reset. The
reason21
Chapter for-this is so the object can "taste" the contents of the file and know how many columns to expect.
Messaging
One of the traditional requirements of a file in piped format is that the column lengths be consistent. As an addition
to the program in Listing 13-4, you could actually read through the whole file and verify that this is indeed the case
Appendix
and thenB throw
- Commonly
an errorUsed SQLaren't
if they Statements
the same length.
Listing 13-4: The PipedDataReader Object
Index
List of Figures
List of TablesSystem
Imports
List of Listings
Imports System.Data
List of Sidebars
Imports System.IO
Imports PipedDataProvider
Public Class PipedDataReader

Implements IDataReader, IDataRecord, IEnumerable
Private _Command As String
Public Sub New(ByVal cmd As String, ByRef conn As PipedDataConnection)

_Command = cmd
Applied ADO.NET:
_Connection Building Data-Driven Solutions
= conn
'Taste The File David
by Mahesh Chand and To FillTalbotIn The Meta-Data
ISBN:1590590732
Apress
Me.Read() 2003 (928 pages)
This textTasted,
'File provides extensive
close coverage
and reopenof ADO.NET technology
the connection
including ADO.NET
_Connection.Close() internals, namespaces, classes, and
_Connection
namespaces and = New and
classes, PipedDataConnection(_Connection.ConnectionString)
End Sub
ADO.NET.
Private Sub NotSupported()

Table of Contents Throw New NotSupportedException()
End Sub Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 1 -Public
ADO.NET Function
Basics GetSchemaTable()_
As DataTable Implementsin Visual Studio .NET
IDataReader.GetSchemaTable
Chapter 3 Me.NotSupported()
Chapter 5 -Public
Handling Sub Close()
ADO.NET Events Implements IDataReader.Close
Chapter 6 _isClosed
- Integrating = ADO.NET
XML with True
Chapter 7 - Data If (Not
Binding and_Connection
Windows Forms Is Nothing)
Data-Bound Then
Controls
Chapter 8
_Connection.Close()
End If
End Sub
Public Function NextResult() As Boolean Implements IDataReader.NextResult
Return False
Chapter 13 -End
Developing a Custom Data Provider
Function
Chapter 15 -Private
Using ADO.NET in Xml WebAs
splitter() Services
Char = {"|"}
Chapter 17 -Public
Building Real-World
FunctionWeb Applications
Read() As Boolean Implements IDataReader.Read
Chapter
'This18is- Object-Relational
the main method Mapping in .NET
where a single line is read from the file and sets
'the value
Chapter of the
19 - Mapped _cols
Objects: collection.
Chapter 20 - COM Dim line As and
Interoperability String
ADO.NET
line = _Connection.file.ReadLine()
If (line
Chapter 22 - SQL Server = "") Then
Return False
End If
Dim tCols() As String
tCols = line.Split(splitter)
Index
_cols = tCols
List of Figures
Return True
List of Tables
End Function
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Private _depth = 3
Public ReadOnly Property Depth() As Integer Implements IDataReader.Depth
Get
Return _depth
End Get
End Property
Private _isClosed = False

Public ReadOnly Property IsClosed() As _
Boolean Implements IDataReader.IsClosed
Get
Return _isClosed
End Get
End Property
by Mahesh
Private Chand and David Talbot
_RecordsAffected As Integer ISBN:1590590732
Public ReadOnly Property RecordsAffected()_
This text provides
As Integer Implements extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
IDataReader.RecordsAffected
including
Get ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Return
namespaces and_RecordsAffected
End Get
ADO.NET.
End Property
Table of Contents
Public Function GetBoolean(ByVal i As Integer) _
As Boolean ImplementsData-Driven Solutions
IDataReader.GetBoolean
Introduction Return CType(_cols(i), Integer)
Chapter 1 -End
ADO.NET Basics
Function
Chapter 3 -Public
ADO.NET Function GetByte(ByVal
in Disconnected Environments i As Integer) _
As Byte
Chapter 4 -Implements IDataReader.GetByte
Chapter 5 Return
- Handling CType(_cols(i),
ADO.NET Events Byte)
Chapter 8
Public Function GetBytes(ByVal i As Integer, ByVal _
fieldoffset As Long, ByVal bytes()_
As Byte, ByVal length As Integer, ByVal bufferoffset As Integer) _
As Long Implements IDataReader.GetBytes
NotSupported()
Return Nothing
Chapter 13 -End
Function
Chapter 15 -Public
Using ADO.NET in Xml GetChar(ByVal
Function Web Services i As Integer) _
As Char Implements IDataReader.GetChar
Return Web Applications Char)
CType(_cols(i),
Chapter 18 -End
Object-Relational
Function Mapping in .NET
Chapter 20 -Public Function and
COM Interoperability GetChars(ByVal
ADO.NET i As Integer, ByVal fieldoffset As Long, _
ByVal21buffer
Chapter As Char(), ByVal length As Integer, ByVal bufferoffset As Integer) _
- Messaging
As Long
Chapter 22 -Implements
SQL Server andIDataReader.GetChars
NotSupported()
Return Nothing
End Function
Index
Public Function GetData(ByVal i As Integer) As _
List of Figures
IDataReader Implements IDataReader.GetData
List of Tables
NotSupported()
List of Listings Return Nothing
List of Sidebars
End Function
Public Function GetDataTypeName(ByVal i As Integer) _
As String Implements IDataReader.GetDataTypeName
Return GetType(String).ToString()
End Function
Public Function GetDateTime(ByVal i As Integer) _

As DateTime Implements IDataReader.GetDateTime
Return CType(_cols(i), DateTime)
End Function
Public Function GetDecimal(ByVal i As Integer) As _

Decimal Implements IDataReader.GetDecimal
Applied ADO.NET:
Return Building Data-Driven
CType(_cols(i), Decimal)Solutions
by Mahesh
End Function Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ThisFunction
Public text providesGetDouble(ByVal
extensive coverage of iADO.NET technologyAs _
As Integer)
Double Implements IDataReader.GetDouble namespaces, classes, and
Return
namespacesCType(_cols(i),
and classes, and how Integer)
End Function
ADO.NET.
Public Function GetFieldType(ByVal i As Integer) As _

Table
Type of Implements
Contents IDataReader.GetFieldType
Return Data-Driven Solutions
GetType(String)
Introduction End Function
Chapter 2 -Public
Data Components
Function in Visual Studio .NET
GetFloat(ByVal i As Integer) As _
Single
Chapter 3 Implements IDataReader.GetFloat
Chapter 4 Return
- ADO.NET CType(_cols(i),
in Connected Environments Single)
Chapter 7 -Public Function
Data Binding GetString(ByVal
and Windows Forms Data-BoundiControls
As Integer) As _
String Implements IDataReader.GetString
Return CType(_cols(i), String)
End Function
Public Function GetGuid(ByVal i As Integer) As _
Guid Implements IDataReader.GetGuid
Return a Custom Data Provider
CType(_cols(i), Guid)
Chapter 14 -End
Developing Database
Function Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 16 -Public
ASP.NET Server Controls
Function and Data Binding i As Integer) As _
GetInt16(ByVal
Short Implements IDataReader.GetInt16Applications
Return CType(_cols(i), Short)
Chapter 20 -Public Function and
COM Interoperability GetInt32(ByVal
ADO.NET i As Integer) As _
Int3221Implements
Chapter - Messaging IDataReader.GetInt32
Return
Chapter 22 - SQL Server andCType(_cols(i), Int32)
Appendix A -End Function
Public Function GetInt64(ByVal i As Integer) As _
Int64 Implements IDataReader.GetInt64
Index
Return CType(_cols(i), Int64)
List of Figures
End Function
List of Tables
List of Listings
Public Function GetName(ByVal i As Integer) As _
List of Sidebars
String Implements IDataReader.GetName
Return "COLUMN" + i.ToString()
End Function
Public Function GetOrdinal(ByVal name As String) As _

Integer Implements IDataReader.GetOrdinal
NotSupported()
Return Nothing
End Function
Public Function GetValue(ByVal i As Integer) As _

Object Implements IDataReader.GetValue
Return CType(_cols(i), Object)
End Function
Public Function GetValues(ByVal values As Object()) As _
This text provides
Integer Implements extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
IDataReader.GetValues
including ADO.NET
Dim i As Integer internals, namespaces, classes, and
If (FieldCount
namespaces < 1)
and classes, andThen
Return 0
ADO.NET.
End If
For i = 0 To FieldCount - 1
Table of Contents values(i) = _cols(i)
Next Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction Return FieldCount
Chapter 1 -End
ADO.NET Basics
Function
Chapter 3 -Public
ADO.NET Function IsDBNull(ByVal
in Disconnected Environments i As Integer) As _
Boolean
Chapter Implements
4 - ADO.NET IDataReader.IsDBNull
Chapter 5 Return
- Handling False
ADO.NET Events
Chapter 7 -Public ReadOnly
Data Binding Property
and Windows FieldCount()
Forms Data-Bound ControlsAs Integer _
Implements IDataReader.FieldCount
Get
Return _cols.Length - 1
End Get
End Property
Chapter 13 -Default
DevelopingPublic
a CustomReadOnly
Data Provider
Property Item(ByVal name As String) _
As Object Implements IDataReader.Item
Chapter 15 - UsingGet
Me.NotSupported()
Return Web Applications
Nothing
'ReturnMapping in .NET
_cols(Array.IndexOf(_names, name))
EndObjects:
Chapter 19 - Mapped Get Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 -End
COM Property
Chapter 22 -Default
SQL ServerPublic ReadOnly
and ADO.NET: Property
Notes on Item(ByVal i As Integer) _
Performance
As Object
Appendix Implements
A - Relational IDataReader.Item
Get
Return _cols(i)
End Get
Index
End Property
List of Figures
List of Tables
Public Function GetEnumerator() As IEnumerator Implements _
List of Listings
IEnumerable.GetEnumerator
List of Sidebars Return New System.Data.Common.DbEnumerator(Me)
End Function
Private _Connection As PipedDataConnection
Private _cols() As Object
End Class
End Namespace
There are portions of the object
Applied that Building
ADO.NET: are hard-coded such as
Data-Driven the type of data supported. Because piped format
Solutions
contains no meta-data as to the data types of
each column, you have to assume that they're all strings. Also,
ISBN:1590590732
because there's no meta-data, the columns are not actually named, so the PipedDataReader has to invent a
column name for each column based on its position.
The final item of interest in the PipedDataReader object is the IEnumerableinterface and its related
implementation. By implementing
namespaces this interface,
and classes, and howyou
to allow yourboth
integrate PipedDataReader
with to be bound directly to Web
page and Windows Forms controls. In situations where performance is an absolute requirement down to the last
ADO.NET.
processor cycle, Microsoft's tests show the DataReader to far outperform working with DataSets and
XMLReaders.
Table of Contents
The real
Applied joy of this is the Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding simplicity of Solutions
this implementation. All you have to do is implement the GetEnumerator()
method and return a DbEnumerator object. Because you're implementing a standard .NET interface, there's a
Introduction
related1object
Chapter that knows
- ADO.NET how to work with it; therefore, there's no reason for you to implement a custom
Basics
enumerator
Chapter for your
2 - Data data provider.
Creating
Chapter 4 the PipedDataAdapter
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments Object
Finally,6the- PipedDataAdapter
Chapter object is where it all comes together. This object provides the layer between the
data source
Chapter and Binding
7 - Data the DataSet. This object
and Windows Formsalso defines what
Data-Bound operation should be performed to fill the DataSet
Controls
with data
Chapter 8 and how to goand
- Constraints about updating
Data the data source to reflect changes made to the DataSet in your data
Relations
source.9
Chapter - ADO.NET Exception Handling
Chapter 10 - inherits
This object WorkingDbDataAdapter
with the ODBC .NETto Data Provider
get the utility of methods such as Fill(). It also implements the
IDbDataAdapter interface to define what IDbCommands (the interface that defines a single operation on the
data source) performSQLXML, and Other
operations on the.NET Data Providers
DataSet.
The four
Chapter 14main points ofDatabase
- Developing interest in thisApplications
Web implementation
using are the SelectCommand,InsertCommand,
ASP.NET
UpdateCommand,
Chapter and DeleteCommand
15 - Using ADO.NET properties. You'll probably recall the names of these commands from
in Xml Web Services
the first16
Chapter few chaptersServer
- ASP.NET of this Controls
book. Each of these
and Data commands, once defined, allows any alteration made in the data
Binding
source or DataSet to be reflected in the other. Listing 13-5 shows the PipedDataAdapter object.
Listing 13-5: The PipedDataAdapter Object
Imports System
Imports System.Data
Imports System.IO
Imports PipedDataProvider
Index
List of Figures
Public Class PipedDataAdapter
List of TablesInherits DbDataAdapter
List of Listings
Implements IDbDataAdapter
List of Sidebars
Public Sub New()
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByRef cmd As PipedDataCommand)

_SelectCommand = cmd
End Sub
Private Sub NotSupported()

Throw New NotSupportedException()
End Sub
Protected Overrides Function CreateRowUpdatingEvent(ByVal row As DataRow, _
ByVal cmd As IDbCommand, ByVal stmtType As StatementType, ByVal mapping _
Applied ADO.NET:
As DataTableMapping) Building Data-Driven Solutions
As RowUpdatingEventArgs
NotSupported() David Talbot
Apress
End Function 2003 (928 pages)
This textOverrides
Protected provides extensive coverage
Function of ADO.NET technology
CreateRowUpdatedEvent(ByVal row As DataRow, _
ByVal cmd As IDbCommand, ByVal stmtType Asclasses,
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, and
StatementType, ByVal mapping _
As DataTableMapping)
namespaces As and RowUpdatedEventArgs
NotSupported()
ADO.NET.
End Function
Table of Contents
Protected Overrides Sub OnRowUpdated(ByVal value As RowUpdatedEventArgs)
Introduction End Sub
Chapter 1 -Protected
ADO.NET Basics
Overrides Sub OnRowUpdating(ByVal e As RowUpdatingEventArgs)
Chapter 2 -EndData Sub
Chapter 4 -Private
ADO.NET in_SelectCommand As IDbCommand
Chapter 5 -Private _InsertCommand
Handling ADO.NET Events As IDbCommand
Chapter 6 -Private
Integrating_UpdateCommand
XML with ADO.NET As IDbCommand
Chapter 7 -Private _DeleteCommand
Data Binding and Windows FormsAs IDbCommand
Data-Bound Controls
Public Property SelectCommand() As IDbCommand Implements _
IDbDataAdapter.SelectCommand
Get
Return _SelectCommand
End Get
Set(ByVal Data Provider
Value As IDbCommand)
Chapter 14 - Developing_SelectCommand
Database Web Applications
= Valueusing ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - UsingEnd
ADO.NET
Set in Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 -End
Property
Chapter 18 -Public
Object-Relational
Property Mapping in .NET
InsertCommand() As IDbCommand Implements _
IDbDataAdapter.InsertCommand
Chapter 20 - COM Get
Chapter 21 - Messaging Return _InsertCommand
End Get
Set(ByVal
Appendix A - Relational Value
Databases: Some As IDbCommand)
Basic Concepts
_InsertCommand = Value
End Set
End Property
Index
Public Property UpdateCommand() As IDbCommand Implements _
List of Figures
IDbDataAdapter.UpdateCommand
List of Tables
Get
List of Listings Return _UpdateCommand
List of Sidebars End Get
Set(ByVal Value As IDbCommand)
_UpdateCommand = Value
End Set
End Property
Public Property DeleteCommand() As IDbCommand Implements _

IDbDataAdapter.DeleteCommand
Get
Return _DeleteCommand
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As IDbCommand)
_DeleteCommand = Value
Applied
End SetADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
End Property ISBN:1590590732
End ClassThis text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
End Namespaceincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Testing the PipedDataProvider Application

Table of Contents
Creating a test case for the PipedDataProvider application is a simple one. It's simply a DataGrid and a single
Introduction
button that loads the pipeddata.txt file, fills a DataTable with its data, and then binds it to the DataGrid.
Chapter 2 - Data
This example Components
highlights in Visual
how little Studio .NET
is required in the front-end code that's forever simplified by the encapsulated
Chapter
code in3your
custom data provider. AEnvironments
piped data file is loaded, parsed, and displayed in just a few lines of code.
Chapter
Listing 413-6
- ADO.NET in PipedDataProvider
shows the Connected Environments
application.
Listing613-6:
Chapter The PipedDataProvider
- Integrating Test Case
XML with ADO.NET
ChapterPrivate
Sub LoadButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal9 e -As
Chapter System.EventArgs)
ADO.NET Exception Handling Handles LoadButton.Click
Chapter 10 -Dim adapter
Working with theAs New
ODBC PipedDataAdapter()
.NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 -adapter.SelectCommand
Stored Procedures and Views = New PipedDataCommand("ALL", New _
PipedDataConnection("../../pipeddata.txt"))
Chapter 13 -Dim reader
Developing As System.Data.IDataReader
Dim data As New DataTable()
adapter.Fill(data)
DisplayGrid.DataSource = data
End Sub
Chapter
Figure 21 - Messaging
13-4 shows the output of this program.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 13-4: The output of the PipedDataProvider application

DebuggingApplied
Your ADO.NET:
Custom DataData-Driven
Building ProviderSolutions
The most common problem
Apress 2003when you're trying to build your first data provider is simply getting all the
(928 pages)
interfaces implemented! Because of the strong
This text provides extensive interdependency
coverage of ADO.NET among the interfaces, you won't have the
technology
luxury of starting including
with a small program that compiles, which you
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and can then incrementally "grow."
One way to solvenamespaces
this problemand classes,
is to make and howoftowhat
a note integrate
nameboth
you with
intend on giving each of your
ADO.NET.
interfaces. Another helpful solution is to take a data provider implementation, such as the one in this
chapter, and change each object to then work with your custom data source.
Table of Contents
Additionally, you can also build in sections and wrap each object in a test case. For example, implement
theConnection Data-Driven
object first and writeSolutions
a test case that exercises each of the APIs to make sure you're
Introduction
getting predictable results. Then implement the IDbCommand object with a related test case to make it's
Chapter
working1 as- well.
ADO.NET
DoingBasics
this will require a little more coding, but it will likely save you more time in
Chapter 2 - than
debugging Data trying
Components
to traceinthe
Visual Studio
needle .NET
in the haystack.
Finally,4if you're
Chapter serious
- ADO.NET about debugging
in Connected your data provider, add trace logging at the entry and exit of each
Environments
method.
Chapter 5 This can be ADO.NET
- Handling as simpleEvents
as writing to the debug stream or as sophisticated as writing to the
Windows event
Chapter 6
log. This data can be valuable in performing a postmortem on your application when it
crashes.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Developing a custom data
Apress provider
2003 can be a little difficult to understand at first because of the number of
(928 pages)
interfaces involved, but with an understanding of whatofeach
This text provides extensive coverage interface
ADO.NET does, creating a custom provider is
technology
fairly easy. including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
With the ability tonamespaces and classes,
define a custom providerand howthe
within to integrate
ADO.NET both with
Framework, you can develop custom
ADO.NET.
components to represent your custom data sources and leverage all of the .NET data technologies such
as DataSets and data binding.
Table of Contents
In the next chapter, we discuss the basics of writing Web applications using ASP.NET. As you read it, think
Applied
throughADO.NETBuilding
how you can useData-Driven Solutions
the PipedDataProvider application created in this chapter within your Web
Introduction
application.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
14: Developing Database
Web Applications
ISBN:1590590732
using ASP.NET
As the programmingincluding
worldADO.NET internals,
moves toward thenamespaces, classes,
Internet these days, and
it's becoming important for developers
to be able to create Web applications and Web services. The Microsoft
.NET Framework enables you to
develop, maintain, and deploy
ADO.NET. reliable and high-performance Web applications and Web services.
This chapter starts with an overview of ASP.NET and how to install it, followed by a simple Web
application
Table development using Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET). After that it discusses the Web Forms
of Contents
controls
Applied and how to use them.
ADO.NETBuilding The Web
Data-Driven Forms' DataGrid control is a useful control to develop Web-
Solutions
based database applications. You can bind a DataSet to the DataGrid control as did for a Windows
Introduction
Forms'DataGrid
Chapter control.
1 - ADO.NET BasicsThis chapter also discusses how to fill data to a DataGrid and how to develop
powerful Web-based
Chapter 2
database applications using the DataGrid control. It also discusses how to enable
paging in a DataGrid control. At the end of the chapter you'll see how to develop a guest book for your
Web site using ASP.NET.
Introducing
Chapter 6 ASP.NET
Writing database Web applications using ADO.NET in VS .NET is similar to writing Windows applications.
The Microsoft .NET Class Library provides a set of server-side controls, which you can treat as Windows
controls. To create a Web application, all you have to do is create a simple project, drag server-side
controls onto a Web form, set their properties, and write event handlers. In this chapter, you'll first develop
Chapter 11Web
a simple - Stored Procedures
application and and
see Views
how the ASP.NET model works with Visual Basic .NET (VB .NET) and
Chapter
other .NET languages. After thatOther
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and you'll.NET Data Providers
concentrate on ASP.NET and see how to write some real-world
Chapter 13 Web
database - Developing a Custom
applications usingData Providerand VB .NET.
ADO.NET
ASP.NET Platform Requirements
The following Real-World
operating systemsWeb Applications
support ASP.NET: Windows XP, Windows 2000 Server, and Windows
NT 4 (running Mapping
Service Pack 6a) in .NET Information Services (IIS) 4 or later. Also, you must have the
with Internet
Chapter 19 - Mapped
.NET Software Objects: Performance
Development Considerations
Kit (SDK) installed and Data Binding
on the server.
ASP.NET Language Support
Appendix
You canAuse- Relational Databases: Some
any .NET-supported Basic to
language Concepts
write ASP.NET applications, including C#, VB .NET, and
JScript. B
Appendix As- this book isUsed
Commonly aboutSQL
VBStatements
.NET, the other languages are beyond the scope of this book.
Installing ASP.NET
Index
List of Figures
You
List of can develop and run ASP.NET applications on Windows 2000 or Windows XP operating systems.
Tables
ASP.NET
List ships with VS .NET. For developers who don't have VS .NET, ASP.NET comes in a separate
of Listings
package,
List which can be downloaded from the Microsoft's Web site (www.microsoft.com). If you want to
of Sidebars
develop ASP.NET mobile-enabled applications for Pocket PC or cellular phones, you need to install
ASP.NET Mobile Internet Toolkit, which you can also download from Microsoft Web site.
ASP.NET Editors
We'll be using VS .NET to develop the applications in this chapter. However, like most languages in the
.NET family, you can develop ASP.NET applications using any text editor and command-line compiler.
After compiling, you copy your file manually to IIS to deploy the application. The advantage of using VS
.NET is that it provides you with a visual Integrated Development Environment (IDE) to drag and drop
controls onto a page and view the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) code in an HTML editor. Other
features are IntelliSense and syntax checking. In summary, you can use VS .NET to compile, debug, and
deploy your application.
Note ASP.NETby Mahesh
editors, Chand andVS
including David Talbot
.NET, provide What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get
ISBN:1590590732 (WYSIWYG)
supportApress
for developing
2003 (928Graphical
pages) User Interface (GUI) applications by dropping controls on the
Web Forms pages.
Microsoft has alsointerfaces,
releasedand takes a comprehensive
a lightweight, easy-to-use,look
and at XML
free ASP.NET development tool (including
editor) for non-VSnamespaces and classes,
.NET developers. and how
You can to integrate
find more detailsboth with
about this tool on the www.asp.net Web
ADO.NET.
site.
ASP.NET: An Evolution of ASP

Table of Contents
ASP.NET, previously called ASP+, is not just the next version of ASP. It is a new programming model
Introduction
based on
Chapter 1 Microsoft's .NET Framework for developing Web applications. Although ASP.NET syntaxes are
- ADO.NET Basics
taken from
Chapter 2 - ASP, the ASP.NET
Data Components in model takes full
Visual Studio .NETadvantage of Microsoft's Common Language Runtime
(CLR) and
Chapter 3 - its services.
ADO.NET in Therefore, developers
Disconnected have the flexibility to choose any .NET-supported language
Environments
to write4ASP.NET
Chapter applications.
The main advantages of the ASP.NET model are the following:
Chapter 7 - Data
ASP.NET is Binding
simple and
andWindows
flexible:Forms Data-Bound
Developing Controls
ASP.NET applications using VS .NET is similar to
developing Windowsand Data Relations
applications. VS .NET offers you a set of controls to use with ASP.NET. You just
Chapter 9 to
need - ADO.NET
drag andException
drop the Handling
controls onto a Web Form, write events corresponding to the controls, and
compile and runwith
the the ODBC .NET
program. OtherData Provider
features include simple client authentication, security,
Chapter 11 - Storedand
deployment, Procedures and Views
site configuration.
ASP.NET is language independent: You can choose any language that supports .NET, including
C#, VB, VBScript, and JScript.
ASP.NET
Chapter supports
17 - Building data binding:
Real-World ASP.NET offers you a set of data-binding controls such as the
Web Applications
DataGrid,DataList, and others. You can bind data with these controls in a similar fashion as you
do in any Windows Forms application.
ASP.NET
Chapter has enhanced performance and scalability: ASP.NET code is not interpreted like
21 - Messaging
traditional
Chapter 22 - SQLASP pages.
Server and ASP.NET pageson
ADO.NET: Notes arePerformance
compiled on the server in a .NET assembly. It takes
advantage
Appendix of early
A - Relational binding, just-in-time
Databases: Some Basiccompilation,
Concepts native optimization, and caching services.
ASP.NET
Appendix also works
B - Commonly Usedin SQL
clustered and multiprocessor environments.
Statements
Index ASP.NET is browser independent: If you ever programmed in previous versions of ASP, you've
List ofprobably
Figures had problems running ASP pages in browsers other than Internet Explorer. ASP.NET is
List ofbrowser
Tables independent. It automatically checks what browser you're using and produces HTML at
List ofruntime
Listings accordingly.
List of Sidebars
Web Forms and Web Services
Web Forms is a term Microsoft introduced when it released its ASP+ framework for developing Web
applications using the ASP model.
Similar to Windows applications and services, you can also write Web applications and services. A Web
application is a distributed application, which allows you to work and distribute functionality over the Web
and provides user interfaces. Using Web Forms controls, you can write Web GUI applications similar to
Windows applications.
ASP.NET's Web Forms provide you with the ability to build Web-based GUI applications. Web Forms
include Web pages (also called ASP.NET pages or Web Forms pages) and GUI components (sometimes
calledserver controls) such as a TextBox,Button,ListBox,DataGrid, and so on. ASP.NET
provides the flexibility to add these controls to an ASP.NET page at runtime as well as at design-time. VS
by Maheshfeatures
.NET provides design-time Chand and David Talbot
to develop ISBN:1590590732
applications in no time. You add controls to a page by
dragging controls from the Toolbox to the page and then setting the controls' properties and events. Web
Forms also provideThis a text provides
method extensive
for using coverage of ADO.NET
the Codebehind directivetechnology
to separate your data from the code. In
other words, you can write code in a separate file from the controls.
Web services areADO.NET.
applications that perform a certain task; they can be used by a single application as well
as distributed on the Web. However, Web services don't usually have a user interface like a normal
application would. Chapter 15 covers Web services.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
DevelopingApplied
YourADO.NET:
First ASP.NET Web Application
Before discussingApress
the ASP.NET
2003 (928model
pages) in more depth, we'll show you how to develop your first ASP.NET
application using This
VS .NET.
text providesexample,
In this extensive you'll create
coverage a simple technology
of ADO.NET Web application using VS .NET. You'll
add a Button, aincluding
TextBox, and a ListBox control to a Web page
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and and then add the TextBox contents
to the ListBox on interfaces, andclick
the button takes a comprehensive look at XML
event.
ADO.NET.
Creating a Web Application Project
Table of Contents
Creating a new ASP.NET Web application using VS .NET is simple. First create a new project using File
New ADO.NETBuilding
Applied Project Visual Basic
Projects and then select the ASP.NET Web Application template (see
Figure 14-1).
Introduction
Figure 14-1: The FirstWebApplication project
Chapter
As you 19
see- in
Mapped
FigureObjects: Performance
14-1, the Considerations
Location box anddefault
shows you the Data Binding
option of http://localhost and the
Chapter 20 - name.
application COM Interoperability
Here, localhostand ADO.NET
represents the default IIS server running on your local machine. The
default 21
Chapter virtual directory for localhost is C:\Inetpub\wwwroot.
- Messaging
Clicking the OK button creates a new directory, FirstWebApplication, in the server's virtual directory.
It also creates a new Web application and sends you to the default WebForm1.aspx page, as shown in
Figure 14-2.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 14-2: DefaultWebForm1.aspx page
From here
Chapter 7 - you
Datacan edit your
Binding page's HTML.
and Windows FormsAs you see inControls
Data-Bound the left-bottom corner of Figure 14-2, there are
two modes
Chapter 8 - available:
ConstraintsDesign andRelations
and Data HTML. Click the HTML button to edit the code, as shown in Figure 14-3.
Figure 14-3: HTML view of WebForm1.aspx
The HTML view shows you the HTML code of a page, its controls, and control properties. The HTML editor
Index
also
List of let you edit the HTML manually.
Figures
List of Tables
Now, if you switch to the design mode and right-click the page, you'll get several options: View HTML
List of Listings
Source, Build Style, View in Browser, View Code, Synchronize Document Outline, and so on (see Figure
List of Sidebars
14-4).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 10 - 14-4:
Figure Working
Anwith the ODBC
ASP.NET .NETright-click
page's Data Provider
options
You can
Chapter 12set a page's
- Oracle, properties
SQLXML, and by selecting
Other Properties
.NET Data from the right-click menu. The Properties menu
Providers
opens the
Chapter 13 -Document
DevelopingProperty
a CustomPages window. As you can see from Figure 14-5, there are three tabs
Data Provider
available
Chapter 14 in the Properties
- Developing window:
Database WebGeneral, Colorusing
Applications and ASP.NET
Margins, and Keywords. Most of the properties are
self-explanatory.
Chapter 15 - Using On the General
ADO.NET in Xml tab,
Webone merits explanation. The Page Layout property has two options,
Services
GridLayout
Chapter 16 - and FlowLayout.
ASP.NET GridLayout
Server Controls is when
and Data you want drop controls to the page and reposition them. If
Binding
you want
Chapter 17 to add textReal-World
- Building to the page,
WebyouApplications
should set the page layout to FlowLayout; otherwise you won't be
able to add text to the page. After setting the Page Layout property to FlowLayout, the editor works as a
text editor.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-5: An ASP.NET document's page properties
Adding Web Controls to a Web Form

Similar to the Windows control Toolbox, VS .NET provides a Web Forms control Toolbox. You can open
the Toolbox by selecting View Toolbox. The Web Forms Toolbox looks like Figure 14-6. The Web
Forms category of the Toolbox contains form controls, and the HTML category contains HTML controls.
The Data category provides the same data components you've seen in the Windows application Toolbox.
by Maheshdata
It has the same ADO.NET Chand and David Talbot
components, ISBN:1590590732
including Connection, DataAdapter,DataSet,
DataView, and DataViewManager.Figures 14-6 shows the Web Forms controls. Similar to Web forms
Thisthe
controls, if you click text provides
HTML tab,extensive coverage
you can see HTMLofcontrols.
ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Appendix A - 14-6: WebDatabases:
Relational Forms controls
Some Basic Concepts
For the applications in this chapter, we'll be using the Web Forms controls.
Index
OK, now you can switch the page back to the design mode and GridLayout mode (if you changed its
List of Figures
modes) and add a Button, a TextBox, and a ListBox to the form by dragging these controls from the
List
Web Tables
of Forms toolbox to WebForm1.aspx. The page should now look like Figure 14-7.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 14-7: WebForms1.aspx
ADO.NET Basics Design mode after adding Web Forms controls
Setting- ADO.NET
Chapter 4 Control Properties
The next
Chapter 6 step is to add XML
- Integrating some textADO.NET
with to the page and change some of the controls' properties. To add text to
the page, first
Chapter 7
you need to change the page layout to FlowLayout in the Properties window, which you
open by right-clicking the page and selecting Properties. Now add a heading to the page. For this
example, add two lines to the page and set different fonts and font sizes of these lines. You can also set
some of the Button control's properties (see Figure 14-8).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Figure 14-8: Properties window for the Web controls
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Specifically, we changed the border, background color, font, and foreground color of these controls. As
you can see, changing these properties is similar to changing them for Windows applications. The final
page with these properties looks like Figure 14-9.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 4 - 14-9: Final
ADO.NET in page of theEnvironments
Connected Web application after changing some control properties
Using Document
Chapter 7 Outline
Another nice feature of the VS .NET IDE is that you can synchronize a Web page's controls with its
contents in the Document Outline viewer. This is useful when you're developing a Web application with
hundreds of controls; it can be hard to keep track of all the controls, HTML tags, and other page contents.
Chapter 11 - Stored
The Document Procedures
Outline viewerand Viewsyou to manage a page's contents in a tree format. The tree format
enables
displays all the page elements in the order .NET they're
Data Providers
called in the page. You can open the Document Outline
Chapter
viewer 13 - Developing aa Custom
by right-clicking page andData ProviderSynchronize Document Outline. Clicking this menu item
selecting
Chapter
launches14 the
- Developing
Document Database
Outline Web
viewerApplications
in the left using
pane ASP.NET
(see Figure 14-10). As you can see, the tree view
Chapter
displays15the- Using
page ADO.NET
contents,inincluding
Xml Webthe Services
form, button, text box, and paragraph. If you click a control in the
Document
Chapter 16 -Outline
ASP.NET viewer,
ServeritControls
selects and
the corresponding
Data Binding control in the form. And, vice versa, if you select a
control17
Chapter in the form, the
- Building viewer selects
Real-World that control in the tree view.
Web Applications
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-10: Document Outline viewer
You can also use the Document Outline viewer's right-click menu to cut, paste, delete, view the code, and
view the properties of these controls. The right-click menu's View Code option displays the code of the
page.
Not only that, but now you'll see one more thing. Select the HTML view of your page, and you can move to
specific HTML tags using the Document Outline viewer. As you can see from Figure 14-11, the tree view
displays all the code of an HTML page in a nested structure as they're organized in the original code.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 14-11: HTML view of the Document Outline viewer
Chapter
So, the2point
- Data Components
is that in Visual
you can find Studio .NET
and organize your HTML code and controls from the Document Outline
viewer 3instead
Chapter of looking
- ADO.NET for a tag in the
in Disconnected file manually.
Environments
Writing- Handling
Chapter 5 Code ADO.NET
on theEvents
Button Click Event Handler
The last
Chapter 7 step of this
- Data tutorial
Binding andisWindows
to add an event
Forms handler forControls
Data-Bound the button and write code to add some TextBox
text to the
Chapter 8 -ListBox. You
Constraints andadd a control
Data event similar to Windows applications. You can just double-click
Relations
the button
Chapter 9 -toADO.NET
add a button click Handling
Exception event handler.
This action adds the Button1_Click method to the WebForm1.aspx.vb class, which hosts the code
for the page controls and events. Now write a line of code to add the TextBox contents to the list box.
Specifically, add the bold line in the following section to the Button1_Click method:
ListBox1.Items.Add(TextBox1.Text.ToString())
End Sub
Note
Chapter 21 You can also see the code using the View Code option of the page's right-click menu.
- Messaging
Now compile and run the project. The output of the program looks like Figure 14-12. Clicking the Add
button adds the TextBox contents to the list box.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-12: Output of your first Web application

After finishing this application, you can see the power and flexibility of ASP.NET and the VS .NET IDE.
You've just developed a nice ASP.NET Web application without any knowledge of ASP.NET and just by
by Mahesh
writing only one line of code.Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating Your First
Applied ADO.NET
ADO.NET: Web Application
You've already seen how
Apress to develop
2003 an ASP.NET application using VS .NET. Now you'll see how to
(928 pages)
develop databaseThis applications using ADO.NET
text provides extensive and ASP.NET.
coverage of ADO.NET Totechnology
start creating your first ADO.NET
application, you'llincluding
create a ADO.NET
Web Application project as you did in the
internals, namespaces, classes, and previous tutorial. In this example, you'll
read data from the interfaces, and Northwind
SQL Server takes a comprehensive
database and look at XML
view data in few data-bound controls. After
namespacesadd
creating a Web application, andaclasses,
ListBoxand
andhow to integrate
a DataGrid bothtowith
control the Web page. In this application,
ADO.NET.
you'll fill these controls with data from the database.
After dragging these controls from the Web Forms control Toolbox and dropping it on the page, you write
Table of Contents
the code in Listing 14-1 on the Page_Load event. You can add a Page_Load event by typing the code
directly into the Codebehind.vb file or by double-clicking on the page.
Introduction
Chapter
Listing114-1:
- ADO.NET
Filling Basics
Data from a Database to Data-Bound Controls
Private Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Dim ConnectionString As String = "user id=sa;password=;" & _
Chapter 6 "Initial
Catalog=Northwind;" & _
Chapter 7 "Data
- Data Source=MCB;"
ChapterDim8 -conn
Constraints and Data Relations = New SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
As SqlConnection
Chapter'9 Open- ADO.NET Exception Handling
the connection
ChapterIf 10 (conn.State
- Working with the<>ODBC .NET Data Provider
ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Open()
ChapterEnd12 -IfOracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter 13 - DevelopingAs
Dim adapter SqlDataAdapter
a Custom Data Provider = New SqlDataAdapter _
("SELECT EmployeeID,
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web LastName,
ApplicationsFirstName
using ASP.NETFROM Employees", conn)
Chapteradapter.Fill(ds, "Employees")
' Bind data set to the control
' Set DataSource property of ListBox as DataSet's DefaultView
ListBox1.DataSource = ds
ListBox1.SelectedIndex = 0
' Set Field Name you want to get data from
ListBox1.DataTextField = "FirstName"
Chapter'DataGrid1.DataSource
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:= Notes on Performance
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds Some Basic Concepts
Appendix' BDataGrid1.DataBind()
DataBind()
Index ' Close the connection
List of Figures
conn.Close()
List of Tables
End If
List of Listings
End Sub
List of Sidebars
Note We're using a SQL Server database and the SqlClient data provider, which means we import the
System.Data.SqlClient namespace to the application.
As you can see, this code looks familiar. First you create a Connection object with the Northwind
database. After that you create a DataAdapter and select the EmployeeID, FirstName, and LastName
columns from the Employees table. Then you create a DataSet object and fill it using the
DataAdapter'sFill method. Once you have a DataSet, you set the DataSet as the ListBox's
DataSource property and set SelectIndex as 0. The SelectIndex property represents the index of
the column from a DataSet you want to display in the control. The field name of the column is FirstName.
You also set the DataSource property of DataGrid control as DataSet. At the end you call the
DataBind method Applied
of theADO.NET:
ListBox.Building Data-Driven
This method binds theSolutions
data to the data-bound controls.
The output looks Apress
like Figure
200314-13. As you can see, the ListBox control displays data from the
(928 pages)
FirstName column of text
This the Employees table, and
provides extensive DataGrid
coverage displays
of ADO.NET all three columns.
technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 9
Figure- 14-13:
Your first ADO.NET Web application
In Figure
Chapter 1214-13, youSQLXML,
- Oracle, may notice
and the .NET Dataformat
DataGrid
Other looks different. You can set a DataGrid format by
Providers
using the
Chapter 13 Auto Format option
- Developing of the
a Custom Properties
Data Provider window.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using ASP.NET
AppliedServer-Side Controls
The Microsoft .NET Framework
Apress provides
2003 (928 pages) a rich set of server-side controls for developing Web
applications. YouThis
cantext
addprovides
these controls to Web
extensive Forms
coverage pages just
of ADO.NET as you add Windows controls to a
technology
form. Server-sideincluding
controls ADO.NET
are ofteninternals,
called servercontrols or Web Forms
namespaces, classes, and controls. There are four types of
interfaces,
server controls: HTML and
server takes a Web
controls, comprehensive look atvalidation
server controls, XML controls, and user controls.
ADO.NET.
HTML Server Controls
Table
HTML of developers
Contents will be familiar with old HTML controls, which they use to write GUI applications in
Applied
HTML.ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
These controls are Solutions
the same HTML controls; you can run these controls on the server by defining
therunat="Server" attribute. Note that if you do not set this attribute, the HTML control acts as a
Introduction
normal1HTML
Chapter control.Basics
- ADO.NET You may prefer this in some situations, as the HTML controls work without requiring
a round-trip
Chapter to theComponents
2 - Data server. These control
in Visual names
Studio start with Html.Table 14-1 defines some of these
.NET
controls.
Table 14-1:
Chapter HTML Server
5 - Handling Controls
ADO.NET Events
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
HtmlForm
Chapter Creates an HTML form control, used as a placeholder of other
Chapter 9 controls
HtmlInputText .NET Data
Creates Provider
an input TextBox control used to get input from user
HtmltextArea Creates a multiline TextBox control
HtmlAnchor Provider
Creates Web navigation
HtmlButton Creates a Button control
HtmlImage and Data
Creates Bindingcontrol that is used to display an image
an Image
HtmlInputCheckBox Creates a CheckBox control
Chapter Creates Considerations
HtmlInputRadioButton a RadioButton andcontrol
Data Binding
HtmlTable Creates a Table control
HtmlTableRow
Chapter Creates
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: a row
Notes within a table
on Performance
HtmlTableCell Creates a cell within a row
Web server controls are more powerful than HTML controls because they provide more functionality and
Index
are easier to use. Besides some of the basic controls such as Button,TextBox,Label, and
List of Figures ASP.NET provides some more powerful controls such as DataGrid, DataList, and
CheckBox,
List of Tables You'll use these controls throughout this chapter. Table 14-2 describes some of these
Calendar.
List of Listings
controls.
List of Sidebars
Table 14-2: Web Server Controls
CONTROL DESCRIPTION
Label Represents a label
ListBox This text Represents a list box
provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
CheckBox Represents
interfaces, and takes aacomprehensive
check box look at XML
Calender ADO.NET.Represents a calendar
ImageButton Represents an image button

Table of Contents
TableCell Represents a table cell
Panel
Introduction Represents a panel
DateList Represents a data list
TextBox
Chapter RepresentsEnvironments
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected a text box
Chapter
Image 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Represents an image
CheckBoxList
Chapter 6 Represents
- Integrating XML a list box with check boxes
with ADO.NET
Chapter
Button7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms
Represents a buttonData-Bound Controls
HyperLink
Chapter 9
Represents a hyperlink
Chapter 10 - Working with the
TableRow ODBC .NET
Represents a Data Provider
row of a table
RadioButtonList Represents a list box with radio buttons
DataGrid Data Provider
Represents a data grid
DropDownList Represents a drop-down list
AdRotator
Chapter Represents
16 - ASP.NET Server anData
Controls and ad rotator
Binding
RadioButton Represents a radio button
LinkButton
Chapter Represents
19 - Mapped Objects: a link
Performance button
Table Represents a table
Chapter 22 - SQL Server andRepresents
Repeater a repeater
You'll see how to use these controls in example applications throughout this chapter.
Index
Validation Controls
List of Figures
List of Tables
Validating user input is one of the important needs for Web applications. These controls provide features
List of Listings
to validate user input. Using these controls you can check a required field, a value, a range, a pattern of
List of Sidebars
characters, and so on. Table 14-3 describes validation controls.
Table 14-3: Validation Controls

CONTROL DESCRIPTION
RequiredFieldValidator Makes sure that the user does not skip an entry
CompareValidator Compares
This text provides extensive coverageuser input with
of ADO.NET a value using a comparison
technology
operator such asclasses, andgreater than, and so on
less than,
namespaces and classes, Checks
RangeValidator and howifto integrate
the both with
user's input falls within a certain range
ADO.NET.
RegularExpressionValidator Checks if the user's input matches a defined pattern
CustomValidator
Table of Contents Creates your own custom logic
Introduction
User Controls
Chapter 1
- ADO.NET Basics
Besides3 HTML
Chapter serverincontrols,
- ADO.NET Web Environments
Disconnected server controls, and validation controls, you can also create your own
controls4 by- embedding
Chapter ADO.NET in Web Forms
Connected controls. These controls are called custom controls. You create
Environments
custom5controls
Chapter when
- Handling the available
ADO.NET Eventscontrols can't provide the functionality you need. For example, if you
want to create a DataGrid control with check boxes, combo boxes, calendars, and date controls, you
can create a custom control derived from the available controls and then write the additional functionality.
Server -Controls
Chapter 9 andHandling
ADO.NET Exception the .NET Framework Library
The .NET Framework Library provides the System.Web and its 15 supporting namespaces to define Web
classes. These namespaces reside in the System.Web.dll assembly. Before you use any Web
namespaces, though, you need to add a reference to the System.Web.Dll assembly and include the
required namespace in the application. The five major namespaces of the Web series are System.Web,
System.Web.UI, Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
System.Web.UI.HtmlControls, System.Web.UI.WebControls, and
Chapter
System.Web.Services. in Xml Web Services
15 - Using ADO.NET
The System.Web
Chapter Namespace
TheSystem.Web
Chapter 19 - Mappednamespace contains browser-and
Objects: Performance server-related
Considerations classes and interfaces. For example,
and Data Binding
theHTTPRequest
Chapter and HTTPResponse
20 - COM Interoperability classes provide functionality to make requests for HTTP to
and ADO.NET
retrieve and post data on the server through a browser. The HttpApplication class defines the
functionality of an ASP.NET application. This namespace also contains the HttpCookie and
HttpCookieCollection classes for manipulating cookies. The HttpFileCollection class provides
access to and organizes files uploaded by a client. You can use the HttpWriter class to write to the
server through HttpResponse.
Index
The System.Web.UI Namespace
List of Figures
The
List ofSystem.Web.UI
Tables namespace contains classes and interfaces that enable you to develop Web-based
GUI
List of applications
Listings similar to Windows GUI applications. This namespace provides classes to create Web
Forms
List pages and controls. The Control class is the base class for all Web control classes and provides
of Sidebars
methods and properties for HTML, Web, or user controls. The Page class represents a Web page
requested by the server in an ASP.NET application. It also has classes for data binding with the data-
bound controls such as DataGrid and DataList. You'll see these classes in the examples in this
chapter. In addition to these classes, it also includes state management, templates, and validation-related
classes.
The System.Web.UI.HtmlControls Namespace

This namespace contains HTML control classes (discussed in the "HTML Server Controls" section). Some
of this namespace's classes are HtmlButton,HtmlControl,HtmlForm,HtmlImage,
HtmlInputText,HtmlTable, and so on.
The System.Web.UI.WebControls Namespace
This namespace by Maheshclasses

contains Chand and David
related to Talbot ISBN:1590590732
server controls and their supporting classes, as discussed in
the "Web Server Controls" section of this chapter. Some of the classes are AddRotator,Button,
This text
Calendar,CheckBox, provides extensive
DataGrid, DataList, coverage of ADO.NETHyperLink,
DropDownList, technology Image, Label,
ListBox,ListControl,Panel,Table,TableRow, and TextBox. classes, andBesides the control classes, it also
contains control helper classes.
namespaces andFor example,
classes, the DataGridItem,
and how DataGridColumn, and
DataGridColumnCollection
ADO.NET. classes are helper classes of the DataGrid control, and TableRow,
TableCell,TableCellCollection,TableHeaderCell, and TableItemStyle are helper classes
of the Table control.
Table of Contents
The System.Web.Services
Applied Namespace
Introduction
A Web 1service
Chapter is an application
- ADO.NET Basics that sits and runs on the Web server. The System.Web.Service and its
three helper
Chapter namespaces-
2 - Data System.Web.Service.Description,
System.Web.Service.Discovery,
Chapter and System.Web.Service.Protocol-provides classes to
build Web
Chapter 4 -services.
ADO.NETChapter 15 covers
in Connected Web services in more detail.
Environments
Why Are
Chapter 6 Web Forms
- Integrating Controls Called Server-Side Controls?
XML with ADO.NET
Microsoft's
Chapter 8 - .NET Framework
Constraints consists
and Data of powerful Web controls. By using these Web controls you can
Relations
write powerful Web GUI applications
similar to desktop applications. You can write code for these controls
manually, or you can use VS .NET. VS .NET supports the drag-and-drop design-time feature. In other
words, you can drag and drop Web Forms controls onto a Web form, set properties by right-clicking a
control, and even write event handlers by double-clicking the control as you'd do in Windows GUI
applications such as VB.
When a14client
Chapter (a Web browser)
- Developing Database makes a call for ausing
Web Applications WebASP.NET
control such as a Button or a DataGrid, the
runat="Server"
Chapter attributein(discussed
15 - Using ADO.NET later in more detail) tells the Web server that the controls will be
Xml Web Services
executed
Chapter 16 on the server
- ASP.NET and Controls
Server they'll send
and HTML data to the client at run-time after execution. Because the
Data Binding
execution
Chapter 17 -ofBuilding
these control events,
Real-World Webmethods, and attributes happens on the server, these controls are
Applications
server-side
Chapter Web controls. The
18 - Object-Relational main functionality
Mapping in .NET of these controls includes rendering data from the server
to the client
Chapter and event
19 - Mapped handling.
Objects: (The controls
Performance fire events
Considerations and
and handle
Data those events.)
Binding
Adding Server-Side Controls to a Web Form
You have
Appendix A two ways toDatabases:
- Relational add serverSome
controls to Concepts
Basic a Web form. You can use the VS .NET IDE to add server
controls, or you can add controls manually by typing code using the <asp:..> syntax.
Adding Server Controls Using VS .NET
Index
List of Figures
Adding server controls using VS .NET is pretty simple. As you have seen in the "Developing Your First
List of
ASP.NETTablesWeb Application" section of this chapter, you create a new ASP.NET application project, open
List
theofToolbox,
Listings drag and drop controls from Toolbox, set properties, and write event handlers for the control.
List of Sidebars
Adding Server Controls Using ASP.NET Syntax
The other method of adding server controls to an application is writing the code manually. To add server
controls manually, you create a text file and save it with an .aspx extension. .NET utilizes Extensible
Markup Language (XML)-like tags to write server controls. A tag should follow XML syntaxes. Every
ASP.NET control starts with asp: and a control name. For example, the following line creates a TextBox
control:
<asp:textbox id=TextBox1 runat="Server" Text=""></asp:textbox>
This line creates a TextBox server control. Every control has a unique ID. In this sample the ID is
TextBox1. The runat="Server" attribute represents that the control will run on the server.
by shows
The following code Maheshyou
Chand
canand David
write Talbot code without
the same the closing tag:
ISBN:1590590732
<asp:textbox This text provides extensive
id=Textbox1 coverage of />
runat="Server" ADO.NET technology
OK, now let's getADO.NET.
back to the first sample. Remember, you created your first application and added a
TextBox, a Button, and a ListBox control to the Web page. Listing 14-2 shows the ASP.NET version
of your first ASP.NET application (from Figure 14-12). You can see the ASP.NET version by using the
Table
HTML of mode
Contents
of the designer.
Listing 14-2: ASP.NET Version of Your First ASP.NET Application
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Data
<%@ Page Components in AutoEventWireup="false"
Language="vb" Visual Studio .NET Codebehind="WebForm1.aspx.vb"
Inherits="FirstWebApplication.WebForm1"%>
<!DOCTYPE
Chapter HTML PUBLIC
4 - ADO.NET "-//W3C//DTD
in Connected Environments HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>First
Chapter ASP.NET
7 - Data Binding Web Application</title>
<meta8 name="GENERATOR"
Chapter - Constraints and Datacontent="Microsoft
Relations Visual Studio.NET 7.0">
<meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE"
content="Visual Basic 7.0">
<meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
<meta name="vs_targetSchema" content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/
intellisense/ie5">
</HEAD>
<body>
Chapter
<form14id="Form1"
method="post" using ASP.NET
runat="server">
Chapter
<P> 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
<asp:TextBox Server Controls and
id="TextBox1" Data Binding
style="Z-INDEX: 101; LEFT: 16px;
POSITION: absolute; TOP: 80px" runat="server"></asp:TextBox>
<asp:Button id="Button1" Mapping in .NET
style="Z-INDEX: 102; LEFT: 188px;
Chapter
POSITION:19 - Mapped Objects:TOP:
absolute; Performance
79px"Considerations
runat="server"and DataText="Add"
Binding
Width="106px"
Chapter Height="27px"
20 - COM Interoperability Font-Names="Verdana"
and ADO.NET
ForeColor="Yellow"
Chapter 21 - Messaging BackColor="#0000C0"></asp:Button>
<asp:ListBox
Chapter id="ListBox1"
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: style="Z-INDEX:
Notes on Performance 103; LEFT:
14px; APOSITION:
Appendix absolute;
- Relational Databases: TOP:
Some 121px"
Basic Conceptsrunat="server"
Width="284px" Height="170px"></asp:ListBox><FONT
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements face="Verdana"
size="4">My First ASP.NET Web
Application</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size="2">Click Add button to add TextBox
Index
contents to ListBox</FONT></P>
List of Figures
<P><FONT face="Verdana" size="2"></FONT> </P>
List of Tables
</form>
List of Listings
</body>
List of Sidebars
</HTML>
As you saw in Listing 14-2,asp:Button,asp:TextBox, and asp:ListBox are three server controls
added using ASP.NET. In Listing 14-2, you probably noticed some unfamiliar keywords such as <%@Page,
Language, and codebehind. The <%@Page Language is a page directive, which defines the language
you're using in the page. You can use any .NET-supported language such as C# or VB .NET. The
Codebehind directive separates code from the ASP.NET page. You can define a C# or VB .NET page as
Codebehind, which hosts the code for ASP.NET controls for the page. As you can see from Listing 14-2,
theWebForm1.aspx.vb file is a VB class, which hosts code for WebForm1 page.
Understanding
AppliedData Binding
ADO.NET: Buildingin ASP.NET
Web Forms provide many
Apress controls
2003 that support data binding. You can connect these controls to ADO.NET
(928 pages)
components suchThis as a DataView, a DataSet,
text provides extensive or a DataViewManager
coverage of ADO.NET technology at design-time as well as at runtime.
Data binding in Web Forms works in the same way as it does
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and in the Windows Forms with a few exceptions. For
example, to bind interfaces,
a DataSet andto takes a comprehensive
a DataGrid, you call look at XML
the DataBind method of the DataGrid control. We
discuss all this in namespaces and classes,
a moment. First let's seeand howbasics
some to integrate both withcontrols.
of data-bound
ADO.NET.
The following sections discuss data binding and how it works in ASP.NET.
Table of Contents
Data-Bound Controls
Introduction
ASP.NET
Chapter 1 -provides
ADO.NET a Basics
rich set of data-bound server-side controls. These controls are easy to use and provide a
Rapid Application
Chapter 2
Development (RAD) Web development. You can categorize these controls in two groups:
single-item data-bound controls and multi-item data-bound controls.
Chapter
You use4 the
single-item Environments
data-bound controls to display the value of a single item of a database table. These
controls don't provide direct binding with the data source. The highlighted part of Figure 14-14 shows an item
of a database XML
table. You usewith
theADO.NET
Text,Caption, or Value property of these controls to show the data of a
Chapter
field. 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Figure 14-14: An item
Chapter 16 -ofASP.NET
Examples Server
single-item Controls and
data-bound Data Binding
controls are a TextBox,Button,Label,Image, and so on.
You use
Chapter 18the multi-item data-bound
- Object-Relational controls
Mapping in .NETto display the entire table or a partial table. These controls provide
direct binding
Chapter to the Objects:
19 - Mapped data source. You useConsiderations
Performance the DataSource property
and Data of these controls to bind a database
Binding
table to20
Chapter these controls
- COM (see Figure
Interoperability and14-15).
ADO.NET
Index
List of Figures
Figure 14-15: Multi-item controls
List of Tables
List
Someof Listings
examples of multi-item data-bound controls are DataGrid, ListBox, DataList, DropDownList, and so on.
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-16 shows some of the data-bound controls.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure Data-Driven
14-16: Data-bound Solutions
controls
Introduction
In ASP.NET, you create these controls using an <asp:controlName> tag. Table 14-4 describes some
common data-bound server-side controls.
Table 14-4: ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls
CONTROL
Chapter 6 - IntegratingASP.NET CODE
XML with ADO.NET DESCRIPTION
DataGrid <asp:DataGrid> This control displays a database (through ADO.NET)
in a scrollable grid format and supports selection,
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling adding, updating, sorting, and paging.
DataList
Chapter <asp:DataList>
11 - Stored Procedures and Views This control displays data in templates and style
format.
Chapter 13 - Developing<asp:ListBox>
ListBox a Custom Data Provider This control can be associated to ADO.NET data
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using
fieldsASP.NET
to display data in a list format.
DropDownList <asp:DropDownList> This control displays ADO.NET data source data in a
drop-down combo box format.
CheckBox
Chapter <asp:CheckBox>
18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET This can be connected to an item of the ADO.NET
data source.
CheckBoxList <asp:CheckBoxList> This control can be connected to the ADO.NET data
source.
Repeater
Appendix A - Relational <asp:Repeater> A templated data-bound list.
Appendix
TextBoxB - Commonly<asp:TextBox>
Used SQL Statements This control displays ADO.NET using its Text
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions property.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
DataGrid and DataList Controls
List of Listings
List of Sidebarscontrol is one of the most powerful Web controls. By using just a DataGrid control, you can
ADataGrid
write full-fledged Web applications for your Web site. In this section, you'll learn all about the DataGrid
methods and properties. The following examples are heavily based on this control.
You can use a DataGrid control to display tabular data. It also provides the ability to insert, update, sort, and
scroll the data. Using and binding a DataGrid control is easy with the help of the ADO.NET DataSets. This
grid is capable of auto-generating the columns and rows depending on which data you're connecting.
Another control worth mentioning is the DataList control. A DataList control provides a list view of the
data from a data source. These controls work similarly.
DataGrid and DataList controls have similar properties. Table 14-5 describes some of the common
DataGrid properties.
Table 14-5: DataGrid
AppliedControl Properties
AllowPaging,This text provides extensive
Booleancoverage
valuesof ADO.NET
indicate technology
whether paging or custom paging are
AllowCustomPaging namespaces,
allowed in the grid. classes, and
SYNTAX
namespaces and classes, AllowPaging="true"
ADO.NET.
AllowSorting Boolean value indicates whether sorting is allowed in the grid.
SYNTAX AllowSorting="true"
Table of Contents
AutoGenerateColumns
Applied Gets or sets a value that indicates whether columns will
Introduction automatically be created for each bound data field.
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics SYNTAX AutoGenerateColumns="true"
BackColor,ForeColor,Font Sets the background, foreground color, and font of the grid
control.
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events SYNTAX BorderColor="black"; ForeColor="green";
Chapter 6
Font-Name="Verdana";Font-Size="10pt"
BackImageUrl Gets orData-Bound Controls
sets the URL of an image to display in the background of
theDataGrid.
BorderColor,BorderStyle, Sets the border properties of the control.
BorderWidth SYNTAX BorderColor="black";BorderWidth="1"
CellPadding, SQLXML, and Other Sets
CellSpacing .NETthe
Data Providers
cell spacing and padding.
SYNTAX CellPadding="10";CellSpacing="5"
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml WebGets
Columns
Chapter a collection of column controls in the DataGrid.
Services
CurrentPageIndex Index of the currently displayed page.
DataKeyField
Chapter Primary
18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET key field in the data source.
DataSource Fills the grid with the data.
SYNTAX DataGrid1.DataSource =
ds.Tables["Student"].DefaultView;
Appendix A - Relational Databases: SomeIndex
EditItemIndex Basic of
Concepts
the item to be edited.
EditItemStyle Style of the item to be edited.
HeaderStyle,FooterStyle
Index Header and footer styles.
List of Figures SYNTAX HeaderStyle-BackColor="#00aaaa";
List of Tables FooterStyle-BackColor="#00aaaa"
List of Listings
GridLines
List of Sidebars
Gets or sets the grid line style.
SYNTAX GridLines="Vertical"
Height,Width Width and height of the control.
ID ID of the control.
Page Returns the Page object that contains the current control.
SYNTAX Page.DataBind();
PageCount,PageSize Returns the total number of pages and number of items in a
page to be displayed.
SYNTAX NumPages = ItemsGrid.PageCount;Items=
ItemsGrid.PageCount
SelectedIndex Index ofData-Driven
Applied ADO.NET: Building the currently Solutions
selected item.
SelectedItemby Mahesh Chand andReturns
David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
the selected item in the DataGrid.
ShowFooter,ShowHeader Showscoverage
This text provides extensive header and footers. technology
of ADO.NET
SYNTAX namespaces, classes, and
ShowFooter="true";; ShowHeader="true";
UniqueID namespaces and classes, and how
Returns the to integrate
unique both
ID for with
a control.
ADO.NET.
VirtualItemCount Total number of items on the page when AllowCustomPaging
is true.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Setting DataGrid Control Properties at Design-Time
In VS .NET,
Chapter you can
2 - Data set the DataGrid
Components control's
in Visual Studio properties at design-time by right-clicking the control and
.NET
selecting
Chapter 3 the Properties
- ADO.NET menu item. This
in Disconnected displays the Properties window (see Figure 14-17).
Environments
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-17: DataGrid properties
Most of these properties should look familiar to you by now. You can set the DataSource property to a
DataView,DataSet,DataViewManager, or a DataReader. The DataMember property represents a
column of a data table if you want to display only one column in the control.
AutoFormat
Besides the general properties of a DataGrid, in Figure 14-17, you see two links: Auto Format and Property
Builder. The Auto Format option provides you with predefined formats for rows, columns, headers, footers,
and so on (see Figure 14-18).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 3 - 14-18:
ADO.NETDataGrid's AutoEnvironments
in Disconnected Format dialog box
Chapter 5
Property- Handling
BuilderADO.NET Events
The Property
Chapter Builder
7 - Data option
Binding and launches the Properties
Windows Forms dialog
Data-Bound box. Before setting the DataGrid properties, let's
Controls
do one8thing.
Chapter Drag a SqlDataAdapter
- Constraints and Data Relations from the Toolbox's Data tab to the Web page, which launches the
DataAdapter
Chapter Configuration
9 - ADO.NET Wizard.
Exception Follow the steps and build a SQL query using SQL Query tool. Select
Handling
EmployeeID,
Chapter LastName,
10 - Working FirstName,
with the andData
ODBC .NET TitleProvider
from Employees table.
After completing this step, generate a DataSet from the DataAdapter. You can right-click and select the
Generate DataSet option to generate a DataSet from a DataAdapter. The Generate DataSet option asks
you to use an existing DataSet or create a new DataSet.
This action
Chapter 15 - asks
Usingthe
ADO.NET name
in Xml
DataSet Weband adds the DataSet11 DataSet object with a DataSet1 class
Services
derived16
Chapter from DataSet
- ASP.NET and Controls
Server DataSet1.xsd XML schema to the project.
and Data Binding
Next, drop a DataView on the page and set DataSet11.Employees as its Table property. All these steps
are explained in Chapter 2. Now you're all set to use the DataGrid Property Builder.
Chapter 20property
The first - COM Interoperability andThis
page is General. ADO.NET
page lets you set a DataSource name at design-time. All available
Chapter 21 -DataView,
DataSet, Messaging and other data-bindable objects are available in the drop-down combo list. In this case,
Chapter
we have22DataSet11
- SQL Serverand
andDataView1.
ADO.NET: Notes
Youoncan
Performance
also set the DataMember and DataKeyField properties
from this page. In this case, select DataSet11 as the DataSource option, Employees as the DataMember
option (the
Appendix B - only available
Commonly Usedoption; if you have multiple tables in a DataSet, you'll have all tables listed here),
SQL Statements
and EmployeeID
Appendix as the
C - ADO.NET Data Key
Frequently FieldQuestions
Asked option. If you want to add headers and footers to the DataGrid
control, you can set them by checking the Show Header and Show Footer check boxes on this page. The
Index
Allow
List Sorting check box enables sorting in a DataGrid control. Check all of these options as shown in Figure
of Figures
14-19.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 6 - 14-19: DataGrid
Integrating general
XML with properties
ADO.NET
Chapter 8
Columns Property Page
Chapter 10 - aWorking
By default, with the
DataGrid ODBC
control .NET
adds Data Provider
columns at runtime depending upon the DataSource property of the
Chapter
grid. By11 - Stored
using Procedures
the Columns and Views
property page, you can add DataGrid columns at design-time by unchecking the
Chapter
Create 12 - Oracle,
Columns SQLXML, andatOther
Automatically Run .NET
TimeData Providers
check box (as shown in Figure 14-20). We also added four
columns
Chapter 13to- the Selected
Developing Columns
a Custom list:Provider
Data ID, LastName, FirstName, and Title. This page also lets you change the
header14
Chapter text- Developing
and footer text. Not only
Database Webthat, you canusing
Applications also define
ASP.NETwhether a column is read-only. The Header
Image option
Chapter allows
15 - Using you to in
ADO.NET setXml
theWeb
image of a DataGrid header. We selected an image for the column
Services
headers.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-20: DataGrid Columns properties page
Note If you set the Header image option to some image, the header title will display as the image, not the
text.
If you scroll down your Available Columns list, you can even add DataGrid columns as a button, a hyperlink,
or a template column.
Applied
Paging Property ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Page
The Paging pageApress
enables the (928
2003 paging feature in the grid control. The Paging page allows you to set the
pages)
number of records pertext
This page in a DataGrid
provides control. For
extensive coverage example,technology
of ADO.NET if DataGrid grid control has 50 records
including
and you set the Page SizeADO.NET
as 5, theinternals,
DataGrid namespaces, classes,
will show all and in 10 pages. The Paging page also
50 records
interfaces,
allows you to navigate to theand
firsttakes a comprehensive
page, look atpage,
next page, previous XML last page, and even to a particular page
number. By usingADO.NET.
the Paging property page, you can set the number of pages viewed in a grid and the mode
of navigation for navigating pages. In other words, you can either have previous and next options or have the
number of pages option. As you can see from Figure 14-21, we check the Allow Paging check box and set the
Table
PageofSize
Contents
as 5 rows. We also set the page navigation buttons to include Next and Previous buttons and
changeADO.NETBuilding
Applied the text of buttons. Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 16 - 14-21:
DataGrid Pagingand Data Binding
properties page
Format
Chapter 19 -Property PagePerformance Considerations and Data Binding
Mapped Objects:
If you don't want to use the Auto Format option, you can use the Format page. This page enables you to set
the color and font of a DataGrid control. In fact, this page allows you control over every part of a DataGrid.
You can set colors, fonts, style of the DataGrid, as well as its header and footers, page navigators, individual
columns, and even column headers and footers (see Figure 14-22).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 14-22: DataGrid Format properties page

Borders Property Page
The Borders page enables you to set the border, color, font, cell padding and spacing, and the type of lines in
the grid (see Figure 14-23).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 10 - 14-23:
Figure WorkingDataGrid
with the ODBC .NET
Border Data Provider
properties page
The final
Chapter 13DataGrid control
- Developing looks like
a Custom DataFigure 14-24.
Provider
Figure
Appendix B - 14-24: TheUsed
Commonly final SQL
DataGrid after setting various properties
Statements
Index
Filling a DataSet
List of Figures
List of Tables
You're almost there. Now the only thing you need to do is to call the DataAdapter'sFill method and fill the
List of Listings
DataSet, and you're all set. Call the sqlDataAdapter1.Fill method with DataSet11 as the only
argument
List on the Page_Load event and then call the DataGrid1.DataBind or Page.DataBind method to
of Sidebars
bind the DataGrid with the data. Listing 14-3 shows how do to this.
Listing 14-3: Filling the DataSet from DataAdapter

'Put user code to initialize the page here
SqlDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet11)
Page.DataBind()
End Sub
by Mahesh
Now run the project. Chand
The output of and
the David
projectTalbot
looks like FigureISBN:1590590732
14-25.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 14-25: Viewing data in a DataGrid using the design-time data binding method
Chapter
As you 7can- Data Binding
see from thisand Windows
sample, Forms only
by writing Data-Bound Controls
two lines of code, you've developed a database application.
Chapter 8 -the
Don't click Constraints
Next Page and Data
link justRelations
yetit won't work right now. You need to add few lines of code for that.
Paging in the DataGrid Control
As discussed earlierSQLXML, and Other
in the "Paging .NET Data
Property Providers
Page" section (Figure 14-24), using the Paging page of the
Property
Chapter 13Builder for a DataGrid
- Developing a Customcontrolyou can set paging options of a DataGrid at design-time as well as at
Data Provider
runtime.
After enabling paging in a DataGrid, there's one more small addition you need to do to make the paging
work. You need to write the PageIndexChanged event handler, which allows you to jump to a specific page
by the page index. The easiest way to write a PageIndexChanged event handler is to set a method to the
OnPageIndexChanged value, which you can do in the ASP.NET page itself. Add the bold part of the
following line to <asp:DataGrid>
<asp:DataGrid id="DataGrid1" OnPageIndexChanged="Grid_Change" ..... >
Appendix B -the
Now write Commonly Used SQL
Grid_Change Statements
method as shown in Listing 14-4. As you can see, we set
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked
DataGrid.CurrentPageIndex as Questions
DataGridPageChangedEventArgs'sNewPageIndex and call the
DataGrid1.DataBind method.
Index
List of Figures
Listing
List 14-4: The PageIndexChanged Handler of the DataGrid Control
of Tables
List of Listings
List
Sub of Sidebars
Grid_Change(ByVal sender As Object, _
ByVal e As DataGridPageChangedEventArgs)
DataGrid1.CurrentPageIndex = e.NewPageIndex
DataGrid1.DataBind()
End Sub
Now, if you run the application, you'll find paging working for you. The first page of looks like Figure 14-26, and
if you click the Next Page link, DataGrid loads the data, which after the first five records looks like Figure 14-
26.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 14-26:
ADO.NETPaging
Basicsoption in a DataGrid
Now if you click the Previous Page link, the DataGrid loads the old data again.
Enabling
Chapter 5 Paging
- Handling Programmatically
ADO.NET Events
You can also enable paging programmatically from your .aspx file. Listing 14-5 shows the HTML code for a
Chapter 7
DataGrid- control
and its properties.
Chapter
Listing914-5:
- ADO.NET Exception
HTML View Handling
of asp:DataGrid
<asp:DataGrid id="DataGrid1" style="Z-INDEX: 101; LEFT: 204px;
POSITION: SQLXML, TOP:
absolute; and Other .NET Data
174px" Providers
runat="server" Width="279px"
Height="212px" a Custom Data Provider BorderWidth="1px"
BorderStyle="None"
BorderColor="#CC9966" Web Applications using ASP.NET
BackColor="White" CellPadding="4"
PageSize="5" in Xml Web Services
AllowPaging="True">
<FooterStyle Server Controls and Data Binding
ForeColor="#330099" BackColor="#FFFFCC"></FooterStyle>
<HeaderStyle Real-World Web Applications
Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#FFFFCC"
BackColor="#990000"></HeaderStyle>
<PagerStyle
Chapter HorizontalAlign="Center"
19 - Mapped ForeColor="#330099"
BackColor="#FFFFCC"></PagerStyle>
<SelectedItemStyle
Chapter 21 - Messaging Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#663399"
BackColor="#FFCC66"></SelectedItemStyle>
<ItemStyle ForeColor="#330099" BackColor="White"></ItemStyle>
</asp:DataGrid>
Index
List
The of General
Figures paging properties include AllowPaging and PageSize. Both are pretty self-explanatory. Basically,
List of Tables
AllowPaging enables paging, and PageSize sets the number of pages in a page. You can set these
List of Listings
properties programmatically, as shown in Listing 14-6.
List of Sidebars
Listing 14-6: Setting the AllowPaging,PageSize, and AllowSorting Properties
DataGrid1.AllowPaging = True
DataGrid1.PageSize = 5
DataGrid1.AllowSorting = True
Like in the Property Builder, you can choose to have either the numeric page mode or the previous/next page
mode. The numeric mode option shows you the number of pages to move to the previous or next pages (1, 2,
and so on), and the previous/next mode displays angle brackets (< and >) to move to the previous and next
pages.Listing 14-7 shows how to set the DataGrid control's page style modes to the Numeric and
NextPrev styles.Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Apress
Listing 14-7: Setting DataGrid's PageStyle Modes
2003 (928 pages)
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.Mode
interfaces, and takes=a PagerMode.NumericPages
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.Mode = PagerMode.NextPrev
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
You can even change the text of your previous/next mode from angle brackets to the text you want (see Listing
14-8).
Introduction
Listing114-8:
Chapter SettingBasics
- ADO.NET the DataGrid Control's PageStyle Text
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.NextPageText = "Go to Next Page"
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments= "Go to Previous Page"
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.PrevPageText
If you want
Chapter 8 - to use your and
Constraints own Data
images for the Next and Previous buttons, you can do that as well. Just use the
Relations
simple HTML <IMG> tag (see Listing
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling 14-9).
Listing 14-9: Setting an Image as the DataGrid Control's Next and Previous Page Text
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.NextPageText
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider = "<img srv=next.gif>"
DataGrid1.PagerStyle.PrevPageText
Chapter = using
14 - Developing Database Web Applications "<img srv=prev.gif>"
ASP.NET
Adding, Editing, and Deleting Data in Web Forms
You'll now
Chapter 20 -add
COMmore functionality
Interoperability to ADO.NET
and your application. In this application, you'll add options to add, delete, and
update21
Chapter data. There are two ways you can add these options. One way is to use SQL statements and execute
- Messaging
them with the help of SqlCommand, and other way is to do add, edit, and delete operations on a DataSet
through DataTable objects. In this sample, you'll use the SqlCommand option. In the next chapter, you'll see
theDataSet option to add, edit, and delete data in a DataGrid control.
Adding Web Forms Controls
Index
List
To of Figuresadd, edit, and delete options, you add four TextBox, three Label, and three Button controls, as
provide
List of Tables
shown in Figure 14-27.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 3 - 14-27:
Adding, Environments
editing, and deleting pages
The Add button
Chapter 6
click adds data entered in the text boxes to the database. The Delete button click deletes the
data based on the ID entered in the ID text box. The Update button updates the data of a record in the
database based on the ID value.
Chapter 9- ADO.NET Exception Handling
The FillDataGrid Method
Before 11
Chapter writing any code
- Stored to add,
Procedures update,
and Views or delete data, let's write a method that will refresh the DataGrid
contents.
Chapter 12Listing 14-10
- Oracle, showsand
SQLXML, theOther
FillDataGrid method. As you can see from the code, this method just
.NET Data Providers
fills the13
Chapter DataSet from athe
- Developing DataAdapter
Custom and binds data to the DataGrid.
Data Provider
Listing 14-10: The FillDataGrid Method
' Refresh
Chapter DataGrid
Private
Chapter 18 -Sub FillDataGrid()
ChapterSqlDataAdapter1.Fill(DataSet11)
ChapterDataGrid1.DataBind()
End Sub
Executing SQL Queries
Index
As discussed in Chapter 4, you can use the SqlCommand object's Execute and ExecuteNonQuery
List of Figures
methods to execute SQL queries. If you want to add, update, or delete data from a database, executing SQL
List of
queriesTables
is one of the easiest ways to do so. It's fast and requires a minimum of code to write.
List of Listings
You
List of use the SqlCommand object to execute a SQL command. The Execute and ExecuteNonQuery
Sidebars
methods of SqlCommand execute a SQL query. The SqlCommand.Execute method executes the
CommandText property and returns data in the SqlDataReader object. The
SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery method executes CommandText and doesn't return any data. The logical
time to use this method is when you're writing to the database or executing SQL statements that don't return
any data, which works in this case when you need to add, update, and delete data from a database.
In this example, we've used the SqlCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() method to execute the INSERT,
UPDATE, and DELETE SQL queries as obviously we don't need to return any data. This ExecuteSQL method
wraps the execution of a SQL query, as shown in Listing 14-11.
Listing 14-11: The ExecuteSQL Method

Public Function ExecuteSQL(ByVal strSQL As String) As Boolean
' Creating Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
a connection
Dim conn As SqlConnection = NewTalbotSqlConnection()
ISBN:1590590732
conn = New SqlConnection(SqlConnection1.ConnectionString)
Dim myCmdThis Astext provides extensive
SqlCommand = New coverage of ADO.NET technology
SqlCommand(strSQL, conn)
conn.Open()
myCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
ADO.NET.
'Error message
Table of Contents
Return False
AppliedFinally
Introduction
' clean up here
- ADO.NET Basics
ChapterEnd
3 -TryADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
ChapterReturn True in Connected Environments
4 - ADO.NET
End5 Function
Adding- ADO.NET
Chapter 9 Data Exception Handling
The Add
Chapter 11button adds
- Stored a new record
Procedures to the database and calls the FillDataGrid method, which rebinds the
and Views
data source
Chapter and fillsSQLXML,
12 - Oracle, the DataGrid control
and Other with the
.NET Data updated data. Because the ID column of the database
Providers
table is13
Chapter AutoNumber,
- Developingyou don't have
a Custom Datato enter it. You only need to enter the first name, last name, and title.
Provider
Listing 14-12 shows the Add button click event handler. As you can see, you create an INSERT SQL
statement, call ExecuteSQL, and refill the data using the FillDataGrid method.
Listing 14-12: Add Button Click Event Handler
Private Sub AddBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles AddBtn.Click
' Build a SQL Statement
Dim SQL As String = _
"INSERT INTO Employees(FirstName, LastName, Title)" & _
" VALUES('" Databases: Some +
+ TextBox2.Text Basic Concepts
"','" + TextBox3.Text + _
Appendix
"','"B +- Commonly Used SQL +Statements
TextBox4.Text "')" ' Execute SQL and refresh the data grid
ExecuteSQL(SQL)
Index FillDataGrid()
List of
EndFigures
Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In Figure 14-28, we add a new record with first name as "Amy," the last name as "Sue," and the title as
"Customer Support." Clicking the Add button adds data to the database and refreshes the DataGrid
contents, as you can see from the figure.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 3 - 14-28:
Adding Environments
a new record in the Web application
Updating
Chapter 6 Data XML with ADO.NET
- Integrating
The Update
Chapter button updates
8 - Constraints a record
and Data corresponding to an ID. This is where you build an UPDATE...SET SQL
Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception HandlingExecuteSQL method, as shown in Listing 14-13.
statement and execute it by calling the
Listing 14-13: Updating Data on the Update Button Click
Private
Chapter 13 -Sub UpdateBtn_Click(ByVal
Developing a Custom Data Provider sender As System.Object, _
ByVal14e -As
Chapter System.EventArgs)
Developing Handlesusing
Database Web Applications UpdateBtn.Click
ASP.NET
' Build a SQL Statement
Dim SQL As String = _
"UPDATE Employees SET FirstName='" & _
TextBox2.Text + "',LastName='" + TextBox3.Text + _
"',Title='" + TextBox4.Text & _ "' WHERE EmployeeID=" + TextBox1.Text
' Execute SQL and refresh the data grid
ChapterExecuteSQL(SQL)
21 - Messaging
Chapter
End22Sub- SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Now to test the code, enter "Mel," "0Tel," and "Marketing Rep," in the First Name, Last Name, and Title text
Index
boxes
List (respectively) and ID = 26 and then click the Updated button. The result updates the row with ID=26,
of Figures
andofthe
List output looks like Figure 14-29. As you can see, that record is updated as Mel Tel.
Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure- 14-29:
Chapter 4
Updating records in a Web application
Deleting
Chapter 7 Data
Chapter 8
The Delete- button
deletes a record corresponding with the ID from the database. You then build a DELETE
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
SQL statement Exception
and execute Handling
it by calling the ExecuteSQL method, as shown in Listing 14-14.
Chapter
Listing11 - Stored
14-14: Procedures
Deleting Data and Views
on the Delete Button Click
Chapter
Private13 -Sub
DeleteBtn_Click(ByVal
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Web Applications
Handlesusing ASP.NET
DeleteBtn.Click
Chapter 15 - Using
' Build a SQL ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Statement
Chapter
Dim SQL16 -As
ASP.NET Server
String = Controls
"DELETE and* Data
FROMBinding
Employees WHERE EmployeeID= " + TextBox1.Text
' Execute SQL and refresh the data grid
ExecuteSQL(SQL)
FillDataGrid()
End Sub
To delete the newly added record, just enter 26 in the ID field or the ID of the record you want to delete and
click the Delete button.
Index
By using these insert, update, and delete data operations, you can write a full-fledged database application for
List
yourof Web
Figures
site.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating a Applied
GuestADO.NET:
Book in ASP.NET
Today, a guest book is a common
Apress tool used on Web sites to gather information about visitors. In this
2003 (928 pages)
example, you'll see how to create a guest book
This text provides extensive using of
coverage ASP.NET
ADO.NETand VB .NET. In this application, you'll use
technology
a Microsoft Accessincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and visitors. You can use even use a
2000 database to store the data submitted by site
interfaces,
SQL Server database. and takes
The only reason a comprehensive look an
this example uses at XML
Access database is because it's easier to
namespaces
create and use than SQL Server.and classes, and how
The database to integrate
name both with
is GuestBook.mdb. You can create this database
ADO.NET.
in Access 2000. This database has only one table, Guest. Figure 14-30 shows the table schema. As you
can see, ID is a unique auto number field. The Name, Address, Email, and Comments fields represent the
name,
Table of address,
Contentsemail address, and comments of a visitor (respectively).
Introduction
Chapter 7 - 14-30:
Figure Data Binding
Tableand Windows
schema Formstable
of Guest Data-Bound Controls
of GuestBook.mdb
The following
Chapter sections
10 - Working provide
with a simple
the ODBC tutorial
.NET Data that guide you through creating a guest book for your Web
Provider
site step
Chapter 11by step. Procedures and Views
- Stored
To create a guest book, first you create an ASP.NET Web Application project using the Visual Basic
Web Application a Custom
template Data
from the Providertemplates. Name the project MyGuestBook.
available
Default Web Form: MyGuestBook.aspx
Chapter 17 -create
When you Building Real-World
a new Web Applications
Web application project, the wizard adds one default Web Form to your project
calledWebForm1.aspx. YouMapping
can seeinthis
.NETpage when you run your application. For this example, rename
Chapter 19 - MappedtoObjects:
WebForm1.aspx Performance Considerations
MyGuestBook.aspx. and Data
You can rename Binding
a page by right-clicking the .aspx file in the
Chapter 20Explorer
Solution - COM Interoperability andRename
and selecting the ADO.NET option.
Next, add
Chapter 22 -a SQL
few Server
Web controls to the form.
and ADO.NET: NotesFor
on this form, add the controls listed in Table 14-6.
Performance
Table 14-6: Web Controls on MyGuestBook.aspx Page
Appendix
CONTROLC - ADO.NET Frequently
TYPE Asked QuestionsDESCRIPTION
Index
ListNameTextBox
of Figures <asp:TextBox> Name text box
ListAddressTextBox
of Tables <asp:TextBox> Address text box
List of Listings
EmailTextBox
List of Sidebars
<asp:TextBox> Email text box
CommentsTextBox <asp:TextBox> Comments text box
Button1 <asp:Button> Saves data to the database and calls
Thanks.aspx
Button2 <asp:Button> Calls ViewGuestBook.aspx
As you can see from Table 14-6, we added some text to the page, four text boxes, and two buttons and
then renamed them accordingly by setting each one's properties. For example, we set the Comments
TextBox control's TextMode property to Multiple. By changing the properties of the controls,
MyGuestBook.aspx form looks like Figure 14-31.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 6 - 14-31: XML with ADO.NET submission page
MyGuestBook.aspx
Integrating
Now double-click the Sign In Guest Book button and write the code in Listing 14-15. Don't forget to import
System.Data.OleDb namespace in your application.
Chapter
Listing10 - Working
14-15: withGuest
Adding the ODBC
Data.NET Data
to the Provider
Database
set Access Database
connectionWeb Applications
and selectusingstrings
ASP.NET
ChapterDim
15 -strDSN
As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"DataServer Controls and Data Binding
Source=C:\\GuestBook.mdb"
ChapterDim
17 -strSQL
Building Real-World
As String Web=Applications
"INSERT INTO Guest" & _
"(Name, Mapping in .NET Email, Comments)" & _
Address,
"VALUES('" Considerations and Data Binding
+ NameTextBox.Text.ToString() + "','" & _
AddressTextBox.Text.ToString()
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET + "','" & _
Chapter 21 - Messaging EmailTextBox.Text.ToString() & _
Chapter 22 - SQL Server"','" + CommentsTextBox.Text.ToString()
and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance + "')"
' Bcreate
Appendix OleDbDataAdapter
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(strDSN)
' Create OleDbCommand and call ExecuteNonQuery to execute
Index
' a SQL statement
List of Figures
Dim myCmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand(strSQL, conn)
List of Tables
Try
List of Listings
conn.Open()
List of Sidebars
myCmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", exp.Message)
Finally
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
End Try
' Open Thanks.aspx page after adding entries to the guest book
Response.Redirect("Thanks.aspx")
End Sub
As you can see from Listing
Applied 14-15, you
ADO.NET: write the
Building data entered
Data-Driven into the Web Form to an Access database.
Solutions
Our database resides in the C:\ root dir. Obviously,
if your database is somewhere else, you need to
ISBN:1590590732
change this database path. After writing
Apress 2003 (928 pages) to the database's Guest table we continue the program by
opening the Thanks.aspx page in your browser. (We discuss this page a little bit further in the
"Thanks.aspx" section.)
Now, add the code in Listing 14-16
namespaces to the and
and classes, clickhow
event of the View
to integrate Guest
both with Book button. The View Guest Book
click event opensADO.NET.
the ViewGuestBook.aspx page in the browser.
Listing 14-16: OpeningViewGuestBook.aspx

Table of Contents
Introduction
' View CiewGuestBook.aspx page
Response.Redirect("ViewGuestBook.aspx")
Chapter
End3 Sub
Adding Forms to the Guest Book
Chapter 9 - the
Other than ADO.NET Exception Handling
MyGuestBook.aspx page, you'll add two more Web Forms to the project. The first form
you'll add is called ViewGuestBook.aspx, and the second form is Thanks.aspx. The
ViewGuestBook.aspx formand Views
reads the data from the database and enables you to view the contents in a
DataGrid on a Web page. The Thanks.aspx form is, as you may have guessed, a simple "thank you"
Chapter 13 -shown
Web page Developing
to thea guest,
Customthanking
Data Provider
them for registering on the site. Follow these steps: To add a new
Chapter 14 - right-click
Web form, Developingyour
Database
projectWeb
andApplications Add
select Add using ASP.NET
Web Form. Clicking this menu item opens a form,
which lets
Chapter 15 -you pickADO.NET
Using differentintypes of items
Xml Web for your project. Choose the Web Form template, name it
Services
Thanks.aspx,
Chapter and Server
16 - ASP.NET then click Open.
Using the same method, add one more Web page, ViewGuestBook.aspx, to the project.
ViewGuestBook.aspx
TheViewGuestBook.aspx form contains two controls, a DataGrid control and a Button control (see
Table 14-7).
Table 14-7:
Appendix Web Controls
B - Commonly of ViewGuestBook.aspx
Used SQL Statements
CONTROL TYPE DESCRIPTION
Index
ListDataGrid1
of Figures <asp:DataGrid> Displays guest book entries from the database
List of Tables
Button1 <asp:button> Navigates to the home page
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
After setting the properties of controls, the page looks like Figure 14-32.
ADO.NET.
Figure 14-32: TheViewGuestBook.aspx page

Table of Contents
TheDataGrid control displays the guest book entries from the database. The code for populating the
Introduction
DataGrid from the database is on the Page_Load event of the form. The Back to Home Page button
Chapter 1 -browser
sends the ADO.NET
to Basics
the site home page.
We've used
Chapter the OleDbDataAdapter
3 - ADO.NET and DataSet to get the data from the database. As discussed, the
DataSource
Chapter property
4 - ADO.NET in of the DataGrid
Connected takes care of rest. You just need to set the DataSource property
Environments
as the DefaultView
Chapter of the DataSet,
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events like so:
Chapter = ds.Tables("Guest").DefaultView
Listing 14-17 shows the Page_Load event and the Back to Home Page button click code.
Chapter
Listing11 - Stored
14-17: ProceduresEvent
Page_Load and Views
Handler Code of ViewGuestBook.aspx
' Create a connection object
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection()
= "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"DataMapping in .NET
Source=C:\\GuestBook.mdb"
ChapterDim19 -sql
Mapped
As Objects:
StringPerformance
= "SELECT Considerations and Data Binding
* FROM Guest"
Chapter'20 - COM Interoperability
Create a data adapterand ADO.NET
ChapterDim21 -daMessaging
As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Chapter'22 - SQL Server
Create and and ADO.NET:
fill Notesand
data set on Performance
bind it to the data grid
AppendixDimA -ds As DataSet
Relational = Some
Databases: New DataSet()
Basic Concepts
Appendixda.Fill(ds,
B - Commonly "Guest")
Used SQL Statements
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked = ds.Tables("Guest").DefaultView
Questions
Index DataGrid1.DataBind()
End
List of Sub
Figures
Private
List of Tables
Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List of Listings
Response.Redirect("http://www.c-sharpcorner.com")
List of Sidebars
End Sub
Thanks.aspx
TheThanks.aspx page is merely a confirmation page that the user receives after adding data to the
guest book. It has two buttons and a simple message. The buttons are responsible for navigating you
through the ViewGuestBook.aspx page or to the site home page. Table 14-8 lists the controls for
Thanks.aspx.
Table 14-8: Controls of Thanks.aspx Page

CONTROL TYPE
Applied ADO.NET:DESCRIPTION
Button1 <asp:button> Calls ViewGuestBook.aspx page
Button2 <asp:button> Navigatescoverage
This text provides extensive the browser to the site
of ADO.NET home page
technology
TheThanks.aspx page looks like Figure 14-33.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 4 - 14-33:
Figure ADO.NET in Connected
Thank you pageEnvironments
Listing 614-18
Chapter shows theXML
- Integrating My with
Home Page button and the View Guest Book button-click code. As you can
ADO.NET
see from
Chapter 7 the listing,
- Data the My
Binding andHome Page
Windows button
Forms click callsControls
Data-Bound www.c-sharpcorner.com. Obviously, you can
call your
Chapter 8 Web site's home
- Constraints andpage. The View Guest Book button click calls ViewGuestBook.aspx.
Data Relations
Listing 14-18: My Home Page and View Guest Book Buttons
Private
Chapter 12 -Sub Button1_Click(ByVal
Oracle, sender
SQLXML, and Other .NET Data As System.Object, _
Providers
ByVal
Chapter 13 -eDeveloping
As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
ChapterResponse.Redirect("http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/")
End Sub
Response.Redirect("ViewGuestBook.aspx")
End Sub
Appendix
NoteA Don't
- Relational
forget Databases: Some Basic
to add a reference Concepts
to the System.Data.OleDb namespace in the
Appendix B ViewGuestBook.aspx
and MyGuestBook.aspx pages.
Index
Compiling and Running the Guest Book Project
List of Figures
List
Now of you're
Tables all set to compile and run the project. You should be able to do everything you usually do in a
List of Listings
guest book. The output of the program looks like Figure 14-34.
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 14-34: Welcome to my guest book
As you 8can- Constraints
Chapter see from Figure 14-34,
and Data we added a new record by filling data in the fields and clicking the Sign
Relations
In Guest Book button. The next page
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling displayed is the Thanks.aspx page, which looks like Figure 14-35.
Figure 14-35: TheThanks.aspx page of the guest book
Index
Now, if you view the guest book, it looks like Figure 14-36. As you'll notice, there are a couple of extra
List of Figures
records in this guest book.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 4 - 14-36:
ADO.NETMyinguest book entries
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ASP.NET is a new framework
Apress to write
2003 (928 pages)Web applications for the Microsoft .NET platform. ASP.NET
supports a rich set
This text provides controls.
of Web Forms extensiveYou can use
coverage these controls
of ADO.NET at runtime as well as design-time.
technology
In VS .NET, you can just drag these controls on a Web Form, set
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and their properties and methods, and your
interfaces,
application is ready to run onand
thetakes
Web. a comprehensive look at XML
You can also useADO.NET.
ADO.NET components in Web Forms in the same way you use them in desktop
applications. All ADO.NET components including the DataReader,DataSet,DataView, and
DataCommand components work in the same way as they would in a desktop application. ASP.NET
Table of Contents
provides many data-bound controls you can directly bind to a data source with the help of DataSet and
DataView. For example, DataGrid and ListBox are two common data-bound controls. You can use
Introduction
theDataSource property of these controls to bind to a DataSet.
TheDataGrid in Visual
the most versatile Studioamong
control .NET all the Web controls. By using the DataGrid, you can
write full-fledge
Chapter database
3 - ADO.NET applications
in Disconnected for your Web sites. The DataTable of the DataSet provides the
Environments
programmer
Chapter with a means
4 - ADO.NET of working
in Connected with the data in these controls. A table is a collection of rows and
Environments
columns.
Chapter 5 A DataTable
- Handling represents
ADO.NET Eventsa database table. With the help of the DataView class, you can bind
a data table
Chapter to a DataGrid
6 - Integrating or other
XML with data-bound controls.
ADO.NET
Thenext chapter covers ASP.NET data-bound controls. You'll see some practical uses of these controls.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
15: Using ADO.NET in Xml
Web Services
ISBN:1590590732
Web services provide a wayand
interfaces, to run a service
takes on the Web
a comprehensive and
look at access
XML its methods using standard protocols,
including Simple namespaces
Object AccessandProtocol
classes, (SOAP),
and how to integrate Markup
Extensible both with
Language (XML), Web Service
ADO.NET.
Description Language (WSDL), and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Technically, a Web service is
nothing more than an application that exposes its interface over the Web to a client who wants to access
the service's
Table abilities. The uses of a Web service include validating credit cards, searching for data in a
of Contents
database, inserting
Applied ADO.NETBuildingan order into a shopping
Data-Driven cart, and updating a guest list. The sky is the limit on what you
Solutions
can have your
Introduction
Web service do on your server.
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
In the past, Basics
JavaBeans, Component Object Model (COM) components, and other, nonstandard service
Chapter 2 - Data
components Components
handled in Visual which
these services, Studiorequired
.NET specialized formats and/or extra specialist
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
components in Disconnected
to exchange Environments
data with the client. But Web services under .NET run by invoking methods in
Chapter 4 - directly
the service ADO.NET in Connected
through HTTP Environments
or SOAP, so someone wanting to run your Web service from their
Chapter 5 can
computer - Handling
simplyADO.NET Eventscall to your service, passing the parameters in a standard Uniform
send a HTTP
Resource
Chapter 6 -Locator (URL).
Integrating You'll
XML with see how to do this later in the chapter.
ADO.NET
Three components make up a Web service:
Discovery: First, you need to locate the Web service. You locate Web services through the Discovery
Service Protocol. The discoverable information for a .NET Web service is stored in XML in a .disco
file. This file contains references to all the Web services under your Web site's virtual directory. Visual
Studio (VS) can automatically generate this file for you.
Description:
Chapter Once you've
15 - Using ADO.NET discovered
in Xml your service, you need a way to tell the client what methods,
Web Services
classes,
Chapter and so Server
16 - ASP.NET on the Controls
Web service has and
and Data what wiring protocol (SOAP, HTTP, and so on) the
Binding
services are using. You do this through WSDL, an XML format. VS provides a tool for generating
WSDL files automatically from your services.
Wiring
Chapter protocol:
20 - COM Web services
Interoperability under .NET use two main protocols: HTTP-post/HTTP-get and
and ADO.NET
SOAP.
Chapter HTTP-post and HTTP-get enable you to send and receive information via a URL by passing
21 - Messaging
and
Chapter 22receiving namevalue
- SQL Server pair strings.
and ADO.NET: NotesUnfortunately,
on PerformanceHTTP can only pass strings that represent
different
Appendix data types.
A - Relational SOAP allows
Databases: Some you toConcepts
Basic pass a richer type of information, such as DataSets. You
can find more details and SOAP specifications at www.w3.org/TR/SOAP/.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Exploring Web Services
Applied and the
ADO.NET: Building .NET Framework
Data-Driven Solutions Library
The .NET Framework
ApressClass
2003Library provides four namespaces that contain Web service classes. These
(928 pages)
namespaces areThis
System.Web.Services, System.Web.Services.Description,
System.Web.Services.Discovery, and System.Web.Services.Protocol.
TheSystem.Web.Services
namespaces andnamespace provides
classes, and how to classes
integratethat
bothenable
with you to build and use Web
ADO.NET.
services. It has four classes. The WebService class defines the optional base class for Web services,
which provides direct access to an ASP.NET application. Server,Session,User, and Context are
some of its properties. WebMethodAttribute,WebServiceAttribute, and
Table of Contents
WebServiceBindingAttribute are other classes of this namespace.
Introduction
TheSystem.Web.Services.Description namespace provides classes that enable you to describe
Chapter
a WSDL.1 - ADO.NET Basics
TheSystem.Web.Services.Discovery
Chapter namespace provides classes that enable Web service
consumers
Chapter 4 - to locate a
ADO.NET in Web service
Connected through discovery.
Environments
TheSystem.Web.Services.Protocols namespace provides classes that define the protocols used
Chapter 6
to transmit- data
between a client and a Web service.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating a Applied
Web Service in VS Data-Driven
ADO.NET: Building .NET Solutions
To understand Web services
Apress 2003 better, you'll build a simple Web service. The Web service will receive an
(928 pages)
order ID and thenThis
query the Northwind database's
text provides extensive coverageOrders table for
of ADO.NET the correct order. It will then return the
technology
order in a DataSet.
namespaces
The first step in creating and classes,
the Web service and
is tohow File New
to integrate
select with
both Project and choose the ASP.NET Web
ADO.NET.
Service template, as shown in Figure 15-1.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 15-1: Creating a new Web service project
This creates
Chapter a Web service
13 - Developing project
a Custom onProvider
Data the local Web server. By default, localhost is available as a Web
server on
Chapter 14 your development
- Developing machine.
Database Alternatively
Web Applications youASP.NET
using could use another Web server for your
applications.
Chapter AfterADO.NET
15 - Using entering in
a server
Xml Webname, you enter a project name. In this sample, the project name is
Services
OrderRetrievalWebService.
Chapter VS .NETand
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls creates a new folder with the project name on the Web server and
Data Binding
keeps all
Chapter 17 project files
- Building under that
Real-World folder.
Web Applications
Chapter 18Web.config
First, the - Object-Relational
file isMapping
an XMLinfile.NET
containing information on how to run the service under ASP.NET.
Chapter
Second, 19the
- Mapped Objects: Performance
Global.asax Considerations
and Global.asax.vb and
files Data Binding
enable you to handle application-level events for
Chapter 20 - COM
the service. TheseInteroperability
event handlersand ADO.NET
include event handling pairs such as
Application_Start/Application_End, Session_Start/Session_End, and
Begin_Request/EndRequest. YouNotes on Performance
can view Global.asax.vb by right-clicking the Global.asax file
in the Solution
Appendix Explorer
A - Relational and choosing
Databases: SomeView
BasicCode. Next, OrderRetrievalWebService.vsdisco is an
Concepts
XML fileBcontaining
Appendix - Commonlyinformation
Used SQLfor discovery of the service. You'll actually need to generate an
Statements
OrderRetrievalWebService.disco
Appendix file for your client to see the service (more on this later).
Index
Finally, the Service1.asmx file serves as the entry point into the service. The code behind the service,
List of Figures
Service1.asmx.vb, is where you'll place the method for retrieving the order. Right-click the
List of Tables
Service1.asmx file in the Solution Explorer and choose View Code from the pop-up menu. Note that it
List of Listings
looks like any other VB .NET component; it has a constructor, an InitializeComponent method, and
List of Sidebars
aDispose method.
Now you'll add database support to the Web service. Actually, adding database support to a Web service
is quite easy using ADO.NET. You can add ADO.NET data components to a Web service by just dragging
ADO.NET components from the Toolbox's Data tab to Web Forms. Similar to Windows or Web Forms,
you can also use the Server Explorer to add database components to a Web service.
In this example, you'll use the SQL Server Northwind database. You won't use the design-time support for
ADO.NET, for two reasons. Firstly, when you drop a table from the Server Explorer onto a Web page, the
designer adds lots of unwanted code. Secondly, it's hard to understand and modify the designer-added
code. We recommend writing code manually.
Now, the next step is to add a Web method to the project. You can use the Class Wizard to add a method,
or you can add a method manually. If you examine the default code in Service1.asmx.vb, it has a
Applied ADO.NET:
method called HelloWorld, whichBuilding
looks likeData-Driven
following: Solutions
'<WebMethod()> Public Function HelloWorld() As String
'HelloWorld =including
"Hello World"
' End Function
ADO.NET.
As you can see from this code, adding a Web method is simple. You just need to add the
<WebMethod()> attribute in front of a method. Add a method called GetOrderFromDatabase. This
Table of Contents
method reads data from a database and returns the data as a DataSet object. The method takes an
Applied
OrderIDADO.NETBuilding
as an argumentData-Driven Solutions
and returns all records related to that OrderID. Before you add the method,
Introduction
though, you also need to add the variables in the following code to the project:
Chapter 2
Private -ConnectionString
As String = "user id=sa;password=;" & _
Chapter 3 "Initial
- ADO.NET Catalog=Northwind;"
& _
Chapter 4 "Data
Source=MCB;"
Private conn ADO.NET Events
As SqlConnection = Nothing
Chapter 7 - Data
Private sqlBinding and Windows
As String Forms Data-Bound Controls
= Nothing
TheGetOrdersFromDatabase method fills data from the Orders table of the Northwind database and
returns a DataSet that has records from the Orders table corresponding to an order ID. Listing 15-1
shows the GetOrdersFromDatabasemethod.
Chapter
15-1: a Custom Data Provider Method for Obtaining an Order from an Order ID
The GetOrdersFromDatabase
<WebMethod()> Public Function GetOrderFromDatabase(_
ByVal orderID As Integer) As DataSet
' Create a new connection
Chapterconn
19 - Mapped
= New Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
SqlConnection(ConnectionString)
Chaptersql20 -=COM Interoperability
"SELECT * FROM and ADO.NETWHERE OrderID = " + orderID.ToString()
Orders
Open the connection
ChapterIf 22 (conn.State
- SQL Server and<> ADO.NET: Notes on Performance Then
ConnectionState.Open)
conn.Open() Databases: Some Basic Concepts
AppendixEndB -IfCommonly Used SQL Statements
Appendix' C Create
- ADO.NETa DataAdapter
Index Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
adapter.Fill(ds)
List of Figures
' Tables
List of Close the connection
List of Listings
conn.Close()
List of Sidebars
End If
' Return DataSet
Return ds
End Function
As you can see from Listing 15-1, the method receives an order ID from a client and returns a DataSet to
the client. It uses the DataAdapter to fill a DataSet with the row containing that order ID.
Applied
Note You have to addADO.NET: Building
a WHERE clause Data-Driven
onto Solutions to filter the single row of data. Also,
the SelectCommand
by make
you must MaheshallChand
exposedandmethods
in the Web service public, and they must contain a
Apress 2003
[WebMethod] attribute; otherwise, the client won't see them.
(928 pages)
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Testing Your Web
Applied Service
Now you're actually ready
Apress to build
2003 and test your Web service. First, build the service using the Build menu
(928 pages)
option and then start it in Debug mode.
This text provides extensiveThis coverage
brings upofthe Web service's
ADO.NET default page generated by VS
technology
.NET in your browser, as shown in Figure 15-2.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 15-2: Initially running the Web service Service1.asmx
As you 8can- see
Chapter in Figure
Constraints 15-2,
and Dataone method, GetOrderFromDatabase, is available in the browser.
Relations
You can make this screen a bit more descriptive by adding a WebService attribute to the top of the class
and then adding descriptions to both the WebService attribute and the WebMethod attribute. As you can
see, Listing 15-2 adds a description to both.
Chapter
15-2: a Custom Datato
Adding Descriptions Provider
the WebService and WebMethod Attributes
<WebService(Namespace:="http://tempuri.org/", _
Description:="Working with Orders in Northwind")> _
Public Class Service1
Inherits Mapping in .NET
System.Web.Services.WebService
Chapter 20 -....
<WebMethod(Description:="Retrieve an order from Northwind ")> _
Chapter
Public22 -Function
GetOrderFromDatabase(_
Appendix
ByValA orderID
- RelationalAs
Databases:
Integer)SomeAs
Basic Concepts
DataSet
End Function
Index
End
List Class
of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The service now looks like Figure 15-3.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure Data-Driven
15-3: The Web Solutions
service after you add attributes
Introduction
If you click the link for the GetOrderFromDatabase method, you'll see a Parameter OrderID text box.
Enter 10248 as the OrderID. After you click the Invoke button, the browser returns the XML data
representing the DataSet, which contains the order with the order ID of 10248. Figure 15-4 shows a piece
of the XML data representing the order and displayed by the browser.
Figure 15-4: TheOrder DataSet displayed by the browser in XML format
As you can Databases:
see from Figure 15-4,Some Basic Concepts
the default namespace for the DataSet xmlns is
Appendix B - Commonly Used
http://tempuri.org. You
SQLcan use the WebService attribute to specify the namespace and
Statements
description
Appendix C - text for theFrequently
ADO.NET XML WebAsked
service. As you can see, VS .NET doesn't generate this attribute by
Questions
default. You have to write it manually. If you're specifying more than one property, you can separate them
Index
withofaFigures
List comma. For example, the following code sets the namespace and the description properties of the
WebService
List of Tables attribute:
List of Listings
<WebService(Namespace:="http://servername/xmlwebservices/",
List of Sidebars _
Description:="Working with Orders in Northwind")> _
Public Class Service1
Inherits System.Web.Services.WebService
' code here
End Class
Creating the WebADO.NET:
Applied Service Consumer
Now that you've created
Apress a2003
Web service,
(928 pages) you should create a client to use it. In this tutorial, you'll create an
ASP.NET Web Form application that accesses
This text provides extensive the Web
coverage service totechnology
of ADO.NET retrieve an order. The client will then
display the order including
in a DataGrid.
namespaces
First, create an ASP.NET Weband classes,
project by and how
going to to New both
integrate
File Project
with and choosing the ASP.NET Web
ADO.NET.
Application template. For this example, we'll create the application on the localhost default Web server. If
you're creating your application on a remote server, you may want to use the server name and an
appropriate directory where you have read and write permissions. Call the Web application
Table of Contents
OrderLookupApp.
Introduction
Creating a Web application adds a Web page to the project, which is the default gateway when VS .NET is
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
done creating BasicsAs you saw in Chapter 14, you can use Web pages as Windows Forms. You
the project.
Chapter
can add2 Web
- Data
andComponents in Visual
HTML controls Studio
to Web .NETby simply dragging controls from Toolbox to the Web
pages
Chapter
page. 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
In this example,
Chapter 5
add a Label, a TextBox, a Button, and a DataGrid control by dragging them from
the ToolBox's Web Forms tab to the WebForm1.aspx Design View. Next, set the controls' properties.
Figure 15-5 shows the final page after setting the properties.
Figure 15-5: Design View for searching for and displaying an order
To use the
Appendix A - Web service
Relational in the client
Databases: Someapplication, you need to add a Web reference to the service. In the
Basic Concepts
SolutionBExplorer,
Appendix right-click
- Commonly Used SQLthe Statements
References option and choose Add Web Reference. This brings up the
Add Web
Appendix C Reference page, as shown
- ADO.NET Frequently Asked in Figure 15-6.
Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 4 - 15-6: TheinAdd
ADO.NET Web Reference
Connected locator
Environments
Chapter 6
As you can- Integrating XML with ADO.NET
see from Figure 15-6, you can choose from any existing Web service. Those Web services can
Chapter
exist on7your
- Data Binding
local and Windows
Web server, Forms Data-Bound
in the Microsoft UniversalControls
Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI)
Chapter
Business8 Registry,
or somewhere on the Internet. You just need to provide the URL of the service in the
Chapter
Address9 text
- ADO.NET Exception
box. In this Handling
case, you need to provide the URL of the OrderRetrieval-WebService
Chapter 10.asmx
service's - Working
pagewith
andthe ODBC
then add.NET
?wsdlDataatProvider
the end of URL. You can specify the .asmx file and URL
Chapter 11 - the
path where Stored Procedures
service and Views
entry point is located in the Address field of the wizard. As you can see, Figure 15-7
passes12
Chapter the- URL of SQLXML,
Oracle, the service
andwith .NET Data as
localhost
Other the server. (You need to replace server name if you're
Providers
accessing
Chapter 13 -aDeveloping
remote server.) TheData
a Custom contents of the service looks like Figure 15-7.
Provider
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 15-7: Web services available on the local server
Now you need to click the Add Reference button. To access Web services on the server, you need to use
the server name as a namespace. You can even rename the namespace by right-clicking and choosing
the Rename option. As you can see in Figure 15-8, the Web server name is localhost.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 15-8: Adding Web references
Clicking13the
Chapter Add Reference
- Developing button
a Custom causes
Data VS .NET to generate three files for referencing the service:
Provider
A discovery file (Service1.disco)
A WSDL Server Controls and Data Binding
file (Service1.wsdl)
A proxy
Chapter file (Service1.vb)
As already discussed, the discovery file is an XML file that helps the client to find the service. The WSDL
file describes the methods and classes supplied by the service in XML and defines the format that
messages need to adhere to when exchanging information with the client. The proxy file, although not
displayed in the Solution Explorer, is a VB stub file generated so that the programmer can call the
Appendix
methodsAin- the
Relational Databases:
Web service with Some Basicmethod
the same Concepts
names and method parameter structure as the Web
service contains. These Used SQL wrap
proxies Statements
the method calls to the Web service so that the convoluted exchange
of parameter passingFrequently
and method Asked Questions
invocation to the remote service is transparent to the programmer. If
Index
you expand the Web References node, you can see the files belong to a service. You can expand the
List of Figures
server reference to see its files. Some files are hidden by default, but you can use the Show All button of
theofSolution
List Tables Explorer to see all the files (see Figure 15-9).
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 15-9: Files generated by the Web References Wizard to access the Web service
Now, everything
Chapter is all set,
13 - Developing and you're
a Custom Data ready to call the Web service's method. In this sample, you'll call the
Provider
GetOrderFromDatabase
Chapter method
14 - Developing Database Web from the Fill Order
Applications button click. So, double-click the button to write a
using ASP.NET
click event
Chapter 15 - handler for the button.
Using ADO.NET As you
in Xml Web probably noticed, the class in this example is Service1. So,
Services
that's the
Chapter 16 class of which
- ASP.NET you'll
Server be creating
Controls an instance.
and Data Binding
Once you have an instance to the service, you can call GetOrderFromDatabase in the service and
Chapter
assign 18
it to- aObject-Relational Mapping
DataSet reference. To in .NET the DataSet in a DataGrid, simply assign the DataSet to
display
Chapter 19 - Mapped
theDataGrid's Objects: Performance
DataSource Considerations
and call DataBind on theand Data Binding
DataGrid. Listing 15-3 shows the code for Fill
Chapter 20 -button-click
the Order COM Interoperability
handler. and ADO.NET
Listing22
Chapter 15-3: Button-Click
- SQL Event Handler
Server and ADO.NET: That
Notes on Calls the Order Retrieval Web Service
Performance
Appendix
Private B -Sub
Commonly Used SQL Statements sender As System.Object, _
Button1_Click(ByVal
Appendix
ByVal C -eADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click
Index ' construct and call the web service with the order
List of Figures
'id in the textbox
Dim myWebService As localhost.Service1 = New localhost.Service1()
List of Tables
Dim ds As DataSet = myWebService.GetOrderFromDatabase _
List of Listings
(Convert.ToInt32(Me.TextBox1.Text))
List of Sidebars
' bind the data to the grid
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds
DataGrid1.DataBind()
End Sub
As you can see, Listing 15-3 called GetOrderFromDatabase through localhost.Service1, which
returns a DataSet. You use this database and bind to the DataGrid control and call DataGrid's
DataBind method.
Compile and run the Web application. Enter an order ID of 10248 and click the Fill Order button. Figure
15-10 shows the resulting output in Internet Explorer.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 15-10: Result of the Fill method in a DataGrid
Chapter 6 VS
Actually, - Integrating
.NET takesXML with
away a ADO.NET
lot of the WSDL, proxy, and discovery file coding so that you can
concentrate on what you do best: coding Forms
theData-Bound
service. TheControls
truth is that without knowing anything about
Chapter
SOAP, 8XML,
or even HTTP, you Relations
were able to develop this Web service. In the next section you'll create a
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Web service Exception
for entering Handling
an order into the database using this knowledge and what you know about
ADO.NET.
Adding Data to a Database Through a Web Service

Now, why
Chapter 14 -don't you askDatabase
Developing the WebWeb
service to do some
Applications more
using than just return data from a database table?
ASP.NET
This time you'll write to a database. You'll read data from a client in the form of an array, place it in a
DataSet, and then add the data to the Orders table of the Northwind database.
Chapter 18 add
Now, you - Object-Relational
a new Web methodMapping in .NET
called InsertOrder (see Listing 15-4). In this method, you read data
Chapter
from a 19 - Mapped
database Objects:
using Performance and
a DataAdapter Considerations and Data
fill a DataSet fromBinding
the DataAdapter. As you can see,
Chapter
Listing 20 - COM
15-4 usesInteroperability
a SELECT * queryand ADO.NET
with ORDER BY for the OrderId column value.
Listing22
Chapter 15-4: Web
- SQL Service
Server Method for
and ADO.NET: Populating
Notes an Order in the Database
on Performance
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements Order from an Array")> _
<WebMethod(Description:="Insert
Appendix
PublicC Function
- ADO.NET Frequently Asked QuestionsOrderInfo As String()) As Integer
InsertOrder(ByVal
Index ' Create a new connection
List of Figures
List of Tables
If (conn.State <> ConnectionState.Open) Then
List of Listings
conn.Open()
List of Sidebars
End If
'Create a DataSet
sql = "SELECT * FROM Orders ORDER BY OrderID"
' Create a data adapter with already opened connection
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
' Fill DataSet
adapter.Fill(ds, "Orders")
' Get the last row
Dim drLast As DataRow = _
ds.Tables(0).Rows(ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count - 1)
Dim LastOrderID As Integer = Convert.ToInt32(drLast("OrderID"))
' Create a new DataRow
Dim row As Applied ADO.NET:
DataRow Building Data-Driven Solutions
= ds.Tables(0).NewRow()
by Mahesh
' Set data row values Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
row("OrderID") = LastOrderID + 1pages)
This text provides
row("OrderDate") extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
= Convert.ToDateTime(OrderInfo(0))
including ADO.NET
row("ShipName") = OrderInfo(1) internals, namespaces, classes, and
row("ShipAddress")
namespaces and= classes,
OrderInfo(2)
row("ShipCity")
ADO.NET. = OrderInfo(3)
row("ShipCountry") = OrderInfo(4)
row("ShipPostalCode") = OrderInfo(5)
Table of' Contents
Add DataRow to the collection
Appliedds.Tables(0).Rows.Add(row)
Introduction
' Save changes back to data source
Chapteradapter.Update(ds,
1 - ADO.NET Basics "Orders")
Chapter'2 Return
- Data Components
OrderID in Visual Studio .NET
ChapterReturn row("OrderID")
End4 Function
Chapter - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
It gets the last OrderID in the table to determine what is the next available OrderID value. Then it
creates a new DataRow in the dataset and populates the row with data passed in from the client. Finally, it
calls the Update method of the DataAdapter to save the new row into the database.
Chapter 11 -and
Now build Stored
test Procedures
the service.and Views
This service now has two methods, as shown in Figure 15-11.
IndexFigure 15-11: TheInsertOrder and GetOrderFromDatabase methods of
List ofOrderRetrievalWebService
Figures
List of Tables
Now
List of it's time to test your newly added Web method InsertOrder. To test this service, follow the same
Listings
steps
List as previously when testing your GetOrderFromDatabase method.
of Sidebars
Create a Web application project using VS .NET, or you can use the same client you used to test the
GetOrderFromDatabase method. Create a new project called AddOrderClientApp.
The next step is to add a reference to the Web service by right-clicking the References node of a project in
the Solution Explorer and clicking the Add Web Reference option.
Note If you're using the same client application you used last time, you need to remove the
namespace and then add it again by using Add Web Reference option to get the latest updated
Web service contents.
Again, follow the same steps as in the last example. Type the URL of your service in the Address text box
and click the Add Reference button, which adds localhost (or YourRemoverServer if you're not using
the default localhost as Web server) namespace to the project. The Add Reference option also generates
the*.disco,*.wsdl,AppliedandADO.NET: Building
proxy files. Now youData-Driven Solutions
can call your Web service. Add some controls to the
page to make it look like Figure 15-12. We added six edit boxes ISBN:1590590732
to accept the order date, name, address,
city, country, and zip of a customer. The Enter Order button submits the order to the service.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 14 - 15-12:
Figure Developing Database
Design Web
View of theApplications using entry
order customer ASP.NET
Web service
Again, double-click
Chapter 16 - ASP.NETthe Enter
Server Order button
Controls and
and Data use the code in Listing 15-5 to populate the order array and
Binding
pass it 17
Chapter to the Web service.
- Building TheWeb
Real-World EnterApplications
Order button event handler looks like Listing 15-5.
Listing 15-5: Client Event Handler for Executing the Web Service
Private
Chapter 21 -Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Messaging
ByVal
Chapter 22 -eSQL
AsServer
System.EventArgs)
and ADO.NET: NotesHandles Button1.Click
on Performance
Dim
Appendix B -orderData()
Commonly Used As
SQL String = New String(6) {}
Statements
orderData(0) = TextBox1.Text
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
' Create Web serice instalce and call InsertOrder
List of Sidebars
Dim myWebService As localhost.Service1 = New localhost.Service1()
myWebService.InsertOrder(orderData)
End Sub
The button event handler assigns a string array with information typed into the order form. You can create
an instance of the service by direct using mcb.Service1 and calling the InsertOrder method.
Now build and run the application. The output looks like Figure 15-13. Now you enter customer data and
clicking the Enter Order button adds the data to the Orders table.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 4 - 15-13:
Adding an orderEnvironments
to the database using Enter Order
Adding- Data
Chapter 7More Functionality
Binding toData-Bound
and Windows Forms the Web Service
Controls
Now you've
Chapter got a pretty
9 - ADO.NET good idea
Exception of how to develop a Web service and consume it in client applications.
Handling
What else
Chapter 10 -can a database
Working with theWeb service
ODBC do? When
.NET Data it comes to databases, the only thing you can do is
Provider
retrieve,
Chapter 11add, update,
- Stored and delete
Procedures anddata.
ViewsEarlier in this chapter, you saw how to retrieve and add data to a
data source through Web service methods.
Chapter
Now you13just
need to add Data Provider
functionality to update and delete data and you'll have a complete database
Chapter 14 -
Web service.Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Actually,
Chapter 16updating and
- ASP.NET deleting
Server data and
Controls is pretty
Data simple.
Binding What you need to do is just create a new method for
the Web
Chapter 17service, which
- Building executes
Real-World SQL
Web statements. In the client application, you need to get data from the
Applications
users, construct
Chapter SQL UPDATE
18 - Object-Relational and DELETE
Mapping in .NETstatements, and then send this statement as a string to the
Web service
Chapter and letObjects:
19 - Mapped the WebPerformance
service execute the SQL statement.
Chapter
Listing 20 - COM
15-6 Interoperability
shows a method that and ADO.NET
executes a SQL statement by creating a SqlCommand and calling the
ExecuteNonQuery method.
Listing 15-6:
Appendix ExecuteQuery
A - Relational Method
' SaveChanges Frequently
method AskedaQuestions
saves DataSet
Index<WebMethod(Description:="Exceute SQL Statement")> _
List of Figures
Public Function ExecuteQuery(ByVal sql As String) As Integer
List of Tables
Dim affectedRows As Integer = 0
List of Listings
' Open connection if already not open
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
End If
' Create a SqlCommand and execute it
affectedRows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()
' Close and dispose connection
conn.Close()
End If
Return affectedRows
End Function
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress what
2003 (928apages)
Web service is and how you can set it up to perform services on the
World Wide Web.This Youtext
worked through a tutorial
provides extensive for creating
coverage a simple
of ADO.NET Web service for retrieving an order
technology
using ADO.NET and ASP.NET. You then created a Web service
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and that allowed you to enter a customer for
interfaces,
the order using XML and takesIn
and ADO.NET. a the
comprehensive
end, you saw look at XML
how to update and delete data from a database
namespaces
through a Web service. Usingandtheclasses, and how to integrate
same methodology, you canboth with Web services, which can
develop
ADO.NET.
implement data access functionality for your clients. The next chapter covers data binding in ASP.NET.
You'll see how to use different Web server controls in data binding operations. This chapter is based on
real-world
Table usage of Web server data-bound controls. So, you'll learn a lot of good stuff that you can use in
of Contents
your applications.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
16: ASP.NET Server Controls
and Data
ISBN:1590590732
Binding Apress 2003 (928 pages)

including
Chapter 14 discussed the ADO.NET
basics of internals, namespaces,
data binding classes,
in Web Forms andand
ASP.NET data-bound controls. You
also saw how to use data-bound controls in Web applications. Chapter
15 discussed how to develop data-
driven Web services and
ADO.NET. how to access the functionality implemented in a Web service from Web Forms
applications. This chapter is an extension of Chapter 14. This chapter concentrates on the more practical
aspects of data binding and Web Forms data-bound controls.
Table of Contents
Data Binding in Web Forms, Revisited
Introduction
Chapter 1 -7,ADO.NET
In Chapter Basics
you learned about data binding in Windows Forms and the classes used in data binding.
Chapter 2 - Data
Data binding Components
in Web Forms isintotally
Visualdifferent
Studio .NET
than in Windows Forms. Data binding in general is a process
Chapter 3 -some
of binding ADO.NET
dataintoDisconnected
some property Environments
of a control at runtime. In other words, it allows you to set a value
of some
Chapter 4 property of aincontrol
- ADO.NET at runtime.
Connected The data being bound to a control doesn't have to be a database.
Environments
It can be
Chapter 5 any data source
- Handling including
ADO.NET text, collections, expressions, methods, or even properties of other
Events
controls.
Chapter 6 Because this book
- Integrating is about
XML with ADO.NET, we'll use a database as our data source.
ADO.NET
Before writing applications, you should understand the data-binding model in Web Forms. The following
sections discuss the key concepts of Web Forms data binding.
Read-Only Data Binding
Windows Forms data binding is bidirectional, which means Windows Forms controls keep binding state
with the data source and allow both read and write methods.
Chapter 15 - UsingForms,
Unlike Windows ADO.NET theindata
Xml binding
Web Services
in Web Forms is read only. Providing bidirectional data binding in
Web Forms
Chapter is costly,Server
16 - ASP.NET which Controls
is one ofand
theData
mainBinding
reasons Web Forms don't support bidirectional data
binding.17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Chapter
Another reason why data binding in Web Forms is read only is because most of the data you access
through Web applications is read only. For example, say you go to a site such as Microsoft, MSN, your
bank, or Amazon. What you do? You search for the thing you're looking for, and then read it or print it.
That's it. So who needs data write features? Only people who are responsible for updating the data need
data write features. And most of the applications don't update data through the Web interface. Site
administrators usuallyDatabases: Some
access data Basiclocal
on their Concepts
servers through Windows Forms or other interfaces.
Even though
Appendix Web Forms
C - ADO.NET provide
Frequently read-only
Asked data binding, you can't ignore the possibility that people may
Questions
want to update (write) data through Web Forms applications. For instance, say a bookstore or an online
Index
newspaper
List of Figuresagency has a Web site and its editors want to update the site content from all over the world.
List of Tables
So how do you provide this data update functionality in Web Forms? You have to implement your own
List of Listings
logic. In this chapter, you'll not only see how to implement this logic, but you'll also see how to write some
List of Sidebars
ready-to-run Web applications that you can use in your Web projects.
Simple and Complex Data Binding

Similar to Windows Forms data binding, Web Forms also support two types of data binding: simple data
binding and complex data binding. In simple data binding, controls can bind and display one data value at
a time. Some of the controls that participate in simple data binding are the TextBox,Button,Label,
andImage controls. For example, these controls can only display a single value of a single column of a
database table. On the other hand, complex data binding allows controls to bind and display multiple data
records. For example, the Repeater,DataList, and DataGrid controls can display multiple records
from multiple columns of a database table. The controls used in simple data binding are called simple
data-bound controls, and the controls used in complex data binding are called complex data-bound
controls.
Note See theby"Understanding
Mahesh Chand Data
and David Talbot
Binding in ASP.NET" section of Chapter 14 for more details on
ISBN:1590590732
simple Apress
and complex data
2003 (928 binding and data-bound controls.
pages)
The Roles of the Control and Page Classes in Data Binding
TheControl class defined in the System.Web.UI namespace provides the properties, methods, and
ADO.NET.
events that are shared by all ASP.NET server controls. This is the control you would need when you
develop your own custom controls. Even though this class is defined in the System.Web.UI interface, it
Table of Contents
doesn't have any User Interface (UI) functionality. You use this class when you're writing your own custom
Applied
controlADO.NETBuilding
that doesn't have Data-Driven
a UI. Solutions
Introduction
ThePage
Chapter 1 class represents
- ADO.NET Basics a Web page (an .aspx file) requested from a server that hosts other server
controls2 and
Chapter works
- Data as an ASP.NET
Components Web
in Visual application.
Studio .NET The following class hierarchy shows the relationship
between
Chapter 3 the Control
- ADO.NET in and Page classes:
System.Object
ChapterSystem.Web.UI.Control
Chapter 7 -System.Web.UI.TemplateControl
Chapter 8 System.Web.UI.Page
Chapter 9
System.Web.UI.UserControl
Chapter 11 - Stored
Here you're Procedures
only interested in and Views
two methods of the Control class: DataBind and OnDataBinding. The
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data
DataBind method is responsible for binding Providers
a data source to the server control and all its child controls.
Note
Chapter 14 When called Database
- Developing on a server
Webcontrol, the DataBind
Applications method resolves all data-binding expressions in
using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 the server
- Using controlinand
ADO.NET XmlinWeb
anyServices
of its child controls. So, if you have a DataGrid, a Label, and a
- ASP.NET control
Chapter 16 TextBox bound toand
Server Controls some data
Data source and you call control's DataBind method, it also
Binding
Chapter 17 calls the DataBind
- Building Real-World methods of all the child controls. Usually you call this method through the
Web Applications
Chapter 18 Page class.
TheOnDataBinding method raises the DataBinding event, which occurs when the server control
binds to a data source. A typical call to Page.DataBind method looks like this:
Sub Page_Load(Src
Appendix A - RelationalAs Object, eSome
Databases: As EventArgs)
Basic Concepts
If Not IsPostBack Then
'Bind child controls here
End If
Index
Page.DataBind()
List of Figures
End Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Data Binding in Simple
Applied ADO.NET: Web Forms
Building Controls
Chapter 14 discussed
Apressdata-bound controls briefly. As mentioned, there are two types of data-bound
2003 (928 pages)
controls: simple and complex. The Button,coverage
This text provides extensive TextBox, ofand ListBox
ADO.NET controls are simple data-bound
technology
controls, and the including
DataList and DataGrid controls are complex
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and data-bound controls.
The following sections discuss
namespaces data-bound
and Web
classes, and howserver controls.
to integrate The
both with
System.Web.UI.WebControls
ADO.NET.
namespace provides a ton of classes for Web server controls. In fact, an entire book could be written on
this namespace itself. Unfortunately, we won't be able to cover all of these controls in this chapter
because this book targets ADO.NET-related controls. Because this book's scope is limited to data binding
Table of Contents
and data-bound controls, you'll see some of the most commonly used Web server controls in data-driven
applications.
Introduction
Using
Chapter 2 the
- DataButton Control
Similar to a Windows Forms Button control, a Web Forms Button control provides users with the ability
to click the button and perform some action on the button click event. A Web Button control can be of
three types: a button, a link button, and an image button. The Button,LinkButton, and ImageButton
Chapter
classes6in -the
System.Web.UI.WebControls classes represent a button, link button, and image
button, respectively. and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
The simple
Chapter ADO.NET control
9 - Button is aHandling
Exception standard command button, rendered as a Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)10submit
Chapter button.
- Working The
with theLinkButton control
ODBC .NET Data represents a button with a hyperlink, and an
Provider
ImageButton
Chapter control
11 - Stored represents
Procedures a button with an image.
and Views
You can add the Button control to a Web page by dragging the control from the Toolbox to the page. For
this example, drag a Button,LinkButton, and an ImageButton control to the page, as shown in
Figure 16-1.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List ofFigure
Listings16-1: Adding Button controls to a Web page
List of Sidebars
Now, simply double-click the Button and LinkButton controls. This action adds button click event
handlers. Use the ImageUrl property of ImageButton to set an image for the ImageButton control.
Listing 16-1 shows the code of the button click event handlers for the Button and LinkButton controls.
Listing 16-1: Writing Button Click Handlers

ImageButton1.ImageUrl = _
"http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/images/csLogo102.gif"
ImageButton1.ImageAlign = ImageAlign.Baseline
End Sub
Private Subby LinkButton1_Click(ByVal
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot sender ISBN:1590590732
As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles LinkButton1.Click
This text provides extensiveclicked")
Response.Write("LinkButton coverage of ADO.NET technology
End Sub including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
If you click the Load Image button, the output looks like Figure 16-2.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-2: Loading an image in an ImageButton control
Using the Calendar Control
TheCalendar control, represented by the Calendar class, displays a one-month calendar. A calendar
on Web pages allows users to view and select dates such as in an airline reservation application. The
Chapter 20 - control
Calendar COM Interoperability
displays and and ADO.NET
selects dates, but it can also display appointments and other information.
TheCalendar
Chapter 22 - SQL control
Server is
andbased on theNotes
ADO.NET: DataTime data type of the .NET Framework, which displays any
on Performance
date between
Appendix the years
A - Relational 0 and 9999
Databases: A.D.
Some Basic Concepts
Note In VB .NET, the Date data type is equivalent to the .NET Framework's DateTime data type.
Index
To create a Calendar control, you simply drag a Calendar control from the Toolbox to the Web page.
List of Figures
After that, if you run the application, it displays the current month and provides options to move to the next
List
andofprevious
Tables months by default.
List of Listings
The
List of default
Sidebarsmonth for the Calendar control is the month of today's date represented by the
TodaysDate property. If you want to change the starting month of a Calendar control, you can use the
VisibleDate property. For example, the following line sets the visible month of a Calendar control to
January 2002:
' Set VisibleDate to Dec 01, 2002

Calendar1.VisibleDate = New Date(2002, 12, 1)
After adding a Calendar control to a Web page, add a button called SelectedDate and write the code
inListing 16-2 on this button's click event.
Listing 16-2: Getting Selected Date of a Calendar Control

Private Sub GetPropsBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GetPropsBtn.Click
Label1.Text = "The selected date is " & _
Calendar1.SelectedDate.ToShortDateString()
End Sub interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Setting the Calendar Class's Properties

Table of Contents
Applied
Table ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
16-1 describes some Solutions
of the common properties of the Calendar control.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
Table 16-1: Basics Class Properties
The Calendar
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
DayHeaderStyle This represents the style of the section that displays the day of the
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET week.
Events Read only.
DayNameFormat
Chapter This represents
7 - Data Binding and Windows the style ofControls
Forms Data-Bound the section that displays the day of the
Chapter 8 week.
- Constraints and Data Read only.
Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET ExceptionThis
DayStyle Handling
represents the style of the days in the displayed month. Read
only. .NET Data Provider
FirstDayOfWeek This represents the day of the week to display in the first day column.
Both get and set.
NextMonthText
Chapter This
14 - Developing Database represents
Web theusing
Applications text of the next month navigation control. Both get
ASP.NET
andWeb
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml set. Services
NextPrevFormat This represents the format of the next and previous month navigation
elements in the title section. Both get and set.
NextPrevStyle
Chapter This represents
19 - Mapped Objects: Performance the style of
Considerations andtheData
nextBinding
and previous month navigation.
Both
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability andget and set.
ADO.NET
OtherMonthDayStyle This represents the style of the days that are not in the displayed
month. Notes
Read on Performance
only.
PrevMonthText This represents the text of the previous month navigation control.
Both get and set.
Index
SelectedDate This represents the selected date. Both get and set.
List of Figures
SelectedDates This represents a collection of selected dates. Both get and set.
List of Tables
ListSelectedDayStyle
of Listings This represents the style of the selected dates. Read only.
List of Sidebars
SelectionMode This represents the date selection mode. It represents whether a
user can select a single day, a week, or an entire month. Both get
and set.
SelectMonthText This represents the text displayed for the month selection element in
the selector column. Both get and set.
SelectorStyle This represents the style of the week and month selector column.
Read only.
SelectWeekText This represents the text displayed for the week selection element in
the selector column. Both get and set.
ShowDayHeader This value
Applied ADO.NET: indicates
Building whether the
Data-Driven heading for the days of the week is
Solutions
displayed. Both get
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbotand set. ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
ShowGridLines Thispages)
value indicates whether the days are separated with grid lines.
This text provides
Bothextensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
get and set.
interfaces, and
ShowNextPrevMonth takes
This a comprehensive
indicates look
whether the at XML
control displays the next and previous
month and how
navigation to integrate
elements in theboth
titlewith
section. Both get and set.
ADO.NET.
ShowTitle This indicates whether the title section is displayed. Both get and set.
TitleFormat
Table of Contents This represents the title format for the title section. Both get and set.
TitleStyle This represents the style properties of the title heading. Read only.
Introduction
TodayDayStyle
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET Basics This represents the style of today's date. Read only.
Chapter 2- Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
TodaysDate This indicates the value of today's date. Both get and set.
VisibleDate
Chapter ThisEnvironments
4 - ADO.NET in Connected date specifies the default month. Both get and set.
WeekendDayStyle This represents the style of the weekend dates. Read only.
Chapter 7 set
Now let's - Data
someBinding and Windows
properties Forms Data-Bound
of the Calendar Controls
control (see Listing 16-3).
Listing916-3:
Chapter SettingException
- ADO.NET a Calendar Control's Properties
Handling
Chapter
' Set11VisibleDate
to Dec 01, 2002
Calendar1.ShowTitle = True and Other .NET Data Providers
Calendar1.ShowGridLines Provider
= False
Calendar1.ShowNextPrevMonth = True using ASP.NET
Calendar1.VisibleDate Web Services
= New Date(2002, 12, 1)
Calendar1.NextMonthText
Chapter = "Next"
Calendar1.PrevMonthText
Chapter = Applications
17 - Building Real-World Web "Back"
Calendar1.FirstDayOfWeek
Chapter = in
18 - Object-Relational Mapping _ .NET
System.Web.UI.WebControls.FirstDayOfWeek.Friday
Calendar1.ShowDayHeader
Chapter = True
Calendar1.TitleFormat = TitleFormat.MonthYear
Navigating Months Programmatically
Index
There will probably be cases when you'll want to customize the default behavior of the Calendar control.
List
Forofexample,
Figures say some airline only has flights between the 15 th and 25 th of the month. You'll want to
develop a system so that the user can select dates between the 15th and 25 th only. Set the control's
List of Tables
List of Listings
VisibleDate property to a date in the month you want to display.
List of Sidebars
The control's VisibleMonthChanged event fires when a user moves to the next or previous months by
using the Next and Back navigational links. Listing 16-4 shows the code for the VisibleMonthChanged
event.
Listing 16-4: The VisibleMonthChanged Event
Public Sub Calendar1_VisibleMonthChanged(ByVal sender As Object, _

ByVal e As System.Web.UI.WebControls.MonthChangedEventArgs) _
Handles Calendar1.VisibleMonthChanged
Calendar1.SelectedDates.Clear()
Calendar1.SelectedDates.Add _
(New DateTime(e.NewDate.Year, e.NewDate.Month, 15))
Calendar1.SelectedDates.Add _ Data-Driven Solutions
(New DateTime(e.NewDate.Year,Talbot
by Mahesh Chand and David ISBN:1590590732
e.NewDate.Month, 25))
When you run theADO.NET.
Calendar control application, you'll see the Calendar control. When you select a
date and click the Selected Date button, the output looks like Figure 16-3.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-3: TheCalendar control in action
Understanding Web Server Control Templates
Before discussing more controls, we'll first cover templates. Templates play a major role in managing the
Chapter 19 -format
layout and MappedofObjects:
the dataPerformance Considerations
being displayed in ASP.NETanddata-bound
Data Binding
controls. You'll apply templates on
various data-bound controls in this chapter. Before using templates, though, let's quickly look at template
Chapter 21 - how
basics and Messaging
they work.
Templates
Appendix A - provide a way
Relational to applySome
Databases: complex
Basicformatting
Concepts to a control's parts such as the header, footer, and
items (text
Appendix B -being displayed
Commonly Usedby theStatements
SQL control). A template is a set of HTML tags that define the layout for a
particular
Appendix C part of a control.
- ADO.NET Besides
Frequently HTML
Asked tags, a template can also contain other controls and ASP.NET
Questions
inline code.
Index
List
ForofaFigures
better understanding, let's take a look at a simple use of templates. Listing 16-5 uses templates in a
List of Tables control. As you can see, this listing uses the AlternatingItemTemplate and
Repeater
List of Listings
ItemTemplate templates. (We discuss the different types of templates in the following section.)
List of Sidebars
Specifically, AlternatingItemTemplate, sets the font color to red, the font face to Verdana, and the
font size to 3. ItemTemplate sets the font color to green, the font face to Tahoma, and the font size to 2.
The listing also uses the HTML Table control to display items. As you probably can guess from this code,
the items of a Repeater control will have a green color, the font face Tahoma with a size of 2. Alternating
rows and their items will have the color red, the face Verdana, and a size of 3.
Listing 16-5: Applying a Simple Template on a Repeater Control
<ASP:Repeater id="repeaterControl" runat="server">

<AlternatingItemTemplate>
<font color="red" face = "verdana" size = 3>
<table>
<tr>
Applied ADO.NET:
alternating data Building Data-Driven Solutions
by
</tr> Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
</table> 2003 (928 pages)
</font>
</AlternatingItemTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
<fontADO.NET.
color="green" face = "tahoma" size = 2>
<table>
<tr>
Table of Contentssome item
</tr> Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction </table>
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
</font> Basics
Chapter 2 -</ItemTemplate>
Chapter 3 -<FooterTemplate>
Chapter 4 -</FooterTemplate>
</ASP:Repeater></P>
Using9 Different
Chapter - ADO.NET Template Types
Exception Handling
A template describes the layout and formatting of the parts of a control. Similar to other control tags,
Chapter 11 -have
templates Stored Procedures
a starting and and Views
ending pair of tags. For example, HeaderTemplate describes the layout
Chapter
and format of header of a control, and .NET
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other Data Providers
the <HeaderTemplate></HeaderTemplate> pair represents a
Chapter
header13 - Developing
template a Custom
of a control. Data16-2
Table Provider
describes the available templates.
Chapter 15 - Using
Table 16-2: ADO.NET
ASP.NET in Xml Web Services
Templates
TEMPLATE SYNTAX
DESCRIPTION
Chapter
Header18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
HeaderTemplate Describes the layout and format of a
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerationscontrol's
template and Data Binding
header.
Footer FooterTemplate
Describes the layout and format of a
template control's footer.
Appendix
Item A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts Describes the layout and format of a
ItemTemplate
template
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements control's items.
Alternating AlternatingItemTemplate Describes the layout and format of a
Index
item control's alternating items.
List of Figures
template
List of Tables
ListSeparator
of Listings SeparatorTemplate Describes the layout and format of a
Listtemplate
of Sidebars control's separator. (A separatorseparates
two items of a control.)
Selected SelectedItemTemplate Describes the layout and format of a
item control's selected items.
template
Edit item EditItemTemplate Some controls such as a DataGrid control
template allow users to edit items.
EditItemTemplate describes the layout
and format of the items being edited.
Pager TheDataGrid
PagerADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
Applied Solutions control allows users to have
template by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot a pagingISBN:1590590732
option through the pager. The
Apress 2003 (928 pages) Pagertemplate describes the layout and
format of the DataGridcontrol's pager.
Which Controls Support
namespaces andTemplates?
ADO.NET.
Not all ASP.NET data-bound controls support templates. Only complex controls support templates. In
addition, each control supports a different set of templates that specify layouts for different portions of the
Table of Contents
control, such as the header, footer, item, and selected items. The Repeater,DataList, and DataGrid
controls utilize templates.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
TheRepeater Basics
control supports HeaderTemplate,FooterTemplate,ItemTemplate,
Chapter and SeparatorTemplate.
2 - Data Components in Visual
AlternatingItemTemplate, Studio .NET
TheDataList
Chapter 4
control supports HeaderTemplate,FooterTemplate,ItemTemplate,
AlternatingItemTemplate,SeparatorTemplate,SelectedItemTemplate, and
EditItemTemplate.
Chapter 7 - Datacontrol
TheDataGrid Bindingsupports
and Windows Forms Data-Bound
HeaderTemplate, Controls
FooterTemplate, ItemTemplate,
Chapter 8 - Constraints and
EditItemTemplate, and Data Relations
Pager.
Tip10
Chapter Even thoughwith
- Working youthe
canODBC
use the Visual
.NET Data Studio .NET (VS .NET) Integrated Development Environment
Provider
(IDE)
Chapter 11 to create
- Stored controls
Procedures andand add templates to the controls, you should add templates
Views
programmatically.
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML,Adding templates
and Other programmatically
.NET Data Providers is simple. After completing the following
section, you'll find out how easy working with templates is.
Creating Templates Using the HTML View
Chapter
You can16create
- ASP.NET Serverusing
templates Controls and Data
template tagsBinding
by simply editing your .aspx page in a text editor or in the
HTML View of VS .NET.Real-World Web Applications
In Listing
Chapter 1916-5, you saw
- Mapped how you
Objects: can easily
Performance create and use
Considerations andtemplates in an ASP.NET page by defining
Data Binding
template
Chapter 20 tags and
- COM specifying theand
Interoperability formatting
ADO.NET layout inside the tags. For example, say you want to add some
templates to a DataList control. Well, what templates do you want to use? A DataList control
supports header, footer, item, separator, alternating item, selected item, and edit item templates.
Appendix
So, let's Asay
- Relational
you want Databases: Someitem,
to use header, Basic Concepts item, and footer templates. Listing 16-6 adds the
alternating
Appendix
header, Bitem,
- Commonly Used
alternating SQL
item, Statements
and footer templates to a DataList control. The RepeatColumns
Appendix
propertyCof- the
ADO.NET Frequently
DataList Asked
control Questions
represents how many columns appear in a row of a DataList control.
Index
Listing
List 16-6: Adding Templates to a DataList Control
of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
<ASP:DataList
List of Sidebars
id="dtList"
RepeatColumns="5"
RepeatDirection="Horizontal"
runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
</HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
</ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
</FooterTemplate>
</ASP: DataList >
This text
So far, this code would doprovides
nothing.extensive
You needcoverage of ADO.NET
to add the format oftechnology
the template within the template tags.
Listing 16-7 addsincluding ADO.NET
content to internals,
the templates of namespaces,
a DataListclasses,
control. and
As you can see from this code, the
header, footer, item, alternating item templates have different formats.
You can make these formats as
complex as you want. You
ADO.NET. can even add Web controls to these templates.
Listing 16-7: Adding Formatting to the Templates of a DataList Control

Table of Contents
<HeaderTemplate>
Introduction
<font color = #cc3333 face ="verdana" size = 3>
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
<b>DataList Basics Header</b>
Control
Chapter
</font>2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
</HeaderTemplate>
<font6 face
Chapter ="verdana"
- Integrating size
XML with = 2 color ="green" >
ADO.NET
<br> 7
<b>Category
Chapter ID: </b>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling "CategoryID") %>
<br>
<b>Category Name: </b>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryName")%>
<br>
<b>Description: </b>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Description") %>
Chapter
<br> 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
<b>Picture: </b>Server Controls and Data Binding
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Picture") %>
Chapter
<p> 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Chapter
</div> 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
</font>20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
<ItemTemplate>
<font Bface
Appendix ="verdana"
- Commonly size
Used SQL = 2>
Statements
<br> C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix
<b>Category ID: </b>
Index
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryID") %>
List of Figures
<br>
List of Tables
<b>Category Name: </b>
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
<br>
<b>Description: </b>
<br>
<b>Picture: </b>
<p>
</div>
</font>
</ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<font color= #996600 face ="verdana" size = 1>
Applied
DataList Control ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
footer
</font> by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
</FooterTemplate> 2003 (928 pages)
Note You may have noticed a line containing DataBinder and other syntaxes. You'll learn about this
ADO.NET.
in the following sections.
Creating
Table Templates
of Contents Using the Form Designer
Besides using the HTML View, you can create templates in VS .NET by using the form designer. You
Introduction
simply 1drag
Chapter the control
- ADO.NET onto an ASP.NET page and right-click the control. For example, if you drag a
Basics
2 - control
DataList
Chapter and right-click
Data Components it, you'll
in Visual see.NET
Studio the Edit Template menu item. The Edit Template menu item
has three
Chapter 3 submenu
- ADO.NETitems: Header and
in Disconnected Footer Templates, Item Templates, and Separator Templates.
Environments
Clicking any
Chapter 4
of these menu items opens the form designer.
Once you're ADO.NET
in the form Events
designer, you can enter HTML text and drop HTML or ASP.NET controls onto a
data-bound control. You'll see how to use the form designer with data binding in the following sections.
Tip8The
Chapter Auto Format
- Constraints andoption of data-bound controls lets you select a format of the control from
Data Relations
predefined formats.
Working with Templates Programmatically
So far you've seen two methods for creating templates: using an HTML editor and the VS .NET IDE. Both
of the methods a Custom
force you to writeData
codeProvider
in an .aspx file at design-time. What if you're not sure what format
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications usingan
of template you want to create, or you want to create ASP.NET
application where users can pick the format of
template?
There are
Chapter 17 -two ways Real-World
Building to accomplish
Webthis. The first way is to provide prebuilt templates similar to the Auto
Applications
Format18
Chapter option that the DataGrid
- Object-Relational control
Mapping provides. In this method, you create and save the layout of the
in .NET
templates with an .ascx extension and load the file using the LoadTemplate method of the Page
object. The second way is to create templates in memory based on the user selection.
Using the Repeater Control
TheRepeater control is a data-bound container control that produces a list of individual items of a data
source. By default the Repeater control doesn't support any style, formatting, or layout. To provide a
layout to a Repeater control, you define the layout of individual items on a Web page using templates. If
Index
there's no template specified, the control does not appear on a Web page. The Repeater control
List of Figures
supportsHeaderTemplate,FooterTemplate,ItemTemplate,AlternatingItemTemplate, and
List of Tables
SeparatorTemplate, as described in Table 16-3.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Table 16-3: Templates Supported by the Repeater Control
TEMPLATE DESCRIPTION
ItemTemplate Elements that are rendered once for each row in the data
source.
AlternatingItemTemplate Like the namespaces,
ItemTemplateclasses, and but rendered for every
element,
interfaces, and takes other
a comprehensive look at XMLcontrol. You can specify a different
row in the Repeater
ADO.NET. look for the AlternatingItemTemplate element by
setting its style properties.
HeaderTemplate
Table of Contents Header elements.
Applied ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Footer
FooterTemplate Solutions
elements.
Introduction
SeparatorTemplate
Elements to render between each row, such as line breaks
(<BR> tags), lines (<HR> tags), or commas.
Chapter 4
Creating- ADO.NET in Connected Environments
a Repeater Control
Unlike other Web serverXML with ADO.NET
controls, the Repeater control doesn't have much design-time support from the
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Formsonto
IDE. You can only drag and drop a control Data-Bound
the pageControls
and set its data-binding and data source
properties.
Chapter 8 - Everything
Constraintselse
and you
Datahave to do manually in the HTML View of the editor.
Relations
The best way to create a Repeater control is to just use the HTML syntax. For example, the following
code creates a simple Repeater control with three templates:
<ASP:Repeater
Chapter id="repeaterControl"
13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
</HeaderTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
</ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
</FooterTemplate>
</ASP:Repeater>
Data Binding
Chapter and and
22 - SQL Server theADO.NET:
Repeater Control
TheDataSource
Appendix property
B - Commonly Used of
SQLtheStatements
Repeater control binds data to the control. Like other controls, you can
assign any
Appendix C - data source
ADO.NET that implements
Frequently the IEnumerable interface. Some of the valid data sources are
Asked Questions
DataSet,DataView, and an Array. The syntax for binding the controls to the Repeater control uses
Index
"Container" as the data source because the Repeater is the container for all the controls. The
List of Figures
following code binds the CategoryID column of a DataSource:
List of Tables
List of Listings
<%#
List DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryID") %>
of Sidebars
Note You can't bind controls in the header, footer, and separator templates using
DataBinder.Eval expressions in HTML View.You must bind these controls in the code. Like
other data-bound controls, you must call the DataBind method of the control to get the records
to be displayed.
Calling the Repeater Control Events

TheRepeater.ItemCreated event is called each time the table is rendered. It allows you to customize
the item-creation process. Similar to the other controls, the Repeater.ItemCommand event is raised in
response to button clicks in individual items such as a Button,LinkButton, or ImageButton control.
You use this event when you implement add, updated, and delete operations in a control.
Seeing the Apress 2003

Repeater Control
(928 pages)in Action
including
Listing 16-8 fills data from ADO.NET internals,
the Categories namespaces,
table classes,database
of the Northwind and and displays it in a Repeater
control. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Listing 16-8: Using the Repeater Control
Table
<%@ ofImport
Contents
Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient" %>
Introduction
<HTML>
Chapter
<script1 -language="VB"
ADO.NET Basics runat="server">
Chapter 2 - Data Components As
Sub Page_Load(sender in Visual Studio e
Object, .NET
As EventArgs)
Dim conn
Dim adapter
Chapter As SqlDataAdapter
dim connectionString
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET=Events
_
"Data6 Source=MCB;Initial
Chapter Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
conn =
Chapter 7 new SqlConnection(connectionString)
conn.Open()
dim sql = "SELECT * FROM Categories"
adapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Dim ds As Dataset = new DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds)
repeaterControl.DataSource = ds
repeaterControl.DataBind()
Chapter
End14Sub - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter
</script>15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter
<body> - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
16
Chapter
<P> 17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
<ASP:Repeater Mapping in .NET
id="repeaterControl" runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
<Table
Chapter 20 width="100%" style="font:
- COM Interoperability and ADO.NET 8pt verdana">
<tr style="background-color:DFA894">
<th>CategoryID</th>
<th>CategoryName</th>
<th>Description</th>
<th>Picture</th>
</tr>
Index
</HeaderTemplate>
List of Figures
<ItemTemplate>
List of Tables
<tr style="background-color:FFECD8">
List
<td>of Listings
List
<%# Sidebars
of DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryID") %>
</td>
<td>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryName") %>
</td>
<td>
</td>
<td>
</td>
</tr>
</ItemTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
</FooterTemplate> ISBN:1590590732
Apress
</ASP:Repeater></P> 2003 (928 pages)
</body> This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
</HTML> including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Understanding the Role of the ListControl Class

Table of Contents
The Web Controls namespace provides a rich set of list controls, and the ListControl class is the
Introduction
abstract base class for these controls. This class defines the properties, methods, and events common for
all list controls. These controls are CheckBoxList,DropDownList,ListBox, and
RadioButtonList.
Chapter 4 -defines
This class ADO.NETtheindata-binding
functionality of list controls. Similar to other data-bound controls, the
DataSource
Chapter property
5 - Handling of the ListControl
ADO.NET Events class represents the data source. This property has both get
and set6access.
A data source such as a DataSet can have multiple tables. The DataMember property of the
ListControl class represents a table in a data source. This property also has both get and set access.
Chapter 10 -you
Normally, Working with
bind list the ODBC
controls to a.NET Datafield
specific Provider
of a table. The DataTextField represents the field of
the data source. This property has both get and set access.
TheDataTextFormatString
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom property of ListControl represents the format of string, which
Data Provider
presents
Chapter 14how data thatDatabase
- Developing is bound Web
to theApplications
list controlusing
is displayed.
ASP.NETThis property provides a custom display
format for list control contents. This property also has both get and set access.
Chapter 16 format
The data - ASP.NET Server
string Controls
consists and
of two Dataseparated
parts Binding by a colon in the form { A: Bxx }, where A specifies
the parameter number, which is 0 because there's only one item in a cell. Table 16-4 describes the B part
of the string.
Chapter 20 - COM
Table 16-4: The Interoperability
Values of the B and ADO.NET
Part of the Data Format String of ListControl
CHARACTER DESCRIPTION
Appendix
C A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Currency format
D
Decimal format
Index
E Exponential format
List of Figures
F Fixed format
List of Tables
ListGof Listings General format
List of Sidebars
N Number format
X Hexadecimal format
See the help topic "Standard Numeric Format Strings" in the documentation for more details on these
formats.
Using the ListBox Control

Similar to the Windows Forms ListBox control, the ListBox server control can display a list of items
and allows single or multiple item selection. Because ListBox inherits from the ListControl, you can
use the members discussed previously.
The easiest way to
by create
Mahesha Chand
ListBox and control is simply by dragging
David Talbot a control from the Toolbox to a page.
ISBN:1590590732
To make the sample program
Apress interactive,
2003 (928 pages) add two Button controls and a Label control along with a
ListBox control,This
as shown in Figure
text provides 16-4. coverage of ADO.NET technology
extensive
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-4: Using a ListBox Web server control
The Load
Chapter 7 -Data
Databutton
Bindingclick
andreads dataForms
Windows from Data-Bound
the Northwind database and binds data to the ListBox
Controls
control.8The
Chapter Get Selected
- Constraints andItem
Databutton click returns the selected item. Listing 16-9 shows the code for both
Relations
button click
Chapter event handlers.
Listing 16-9: Data Binding in ListBox Control
Private
Chapter 13 -Sub LoadDataBtn_Click(ByVal
ByVal
Chapter 14 -eDeveloping
As System.EventArgs) Handles
Database Web Applications usingLoadDataBtn.Click
ASP.NET
ChapterDim
15 -conn As SqlConnection
Using ADO.NET = Nothing
in Xml Web Services
Dim reader As SqlDataReader = Nothing
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = Nothing
Dim connectionString = _
"Data Source=MCB;Initial Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
Chapterconn.Open()
21 - Messaging
ChapterDim22 -sql
= "SELECT * FROM Notes on Performance
Products"
' Use DataSet Databases: Some Basic Concepts
adapter = NewUsed SQL Statements
Dim ds As Frequently
DataSetAsked Questions
= New DataSet()
Index adapter.Fill(ds)
ListBox1.DataSource = ds
List of Figures
ListBox1.DataTextFormatString = "Unit Price: {0:C}"
List of Tables
ListBox1.DataTextField = "UnitPrice"
List of Listings
ListBox1.DataBind()
List of Sidebars
End Sub
Private Sub GetSetBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GetSetBtn.Click
Label1.Text = "Selected Item: " & _
ListBox1.SelectedItem.Value
End Sub
As you can see from this listing, it simply creates and fills a DataSet and sets the DataSource property
of the ListBox control to DataSet. It also sets the DataTextField and DataTextFormatString
properties of the ListBox control. DataTextField is the name of the table column, which you want to
display in the control. This sample displays the UnitPrice column's data from the Products table. Format
by Mahesh
the data so it displays Chandformat
in currency and David Talbotthe DataTextFormatString
by using ISBN:1590590732
property.
If you run the application
This text and load extensive
provides the data, the outputoflooks
coverage like Figure
ADO.NET 16-5. As you can see from this
technology
including
figure, the data displays inADO.NET
currencyinternals,
format. namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-5: Data binding in a ListBox control
Using the DropDownList Control
TheDropDownList controlControls
is a list and Datawhich
control, Binding
displays only the selected data. However, all data
items are available when you drop the control. Data binding in the DropDownList control works in the
Chapter 18 -as
same way Object-Relational
in the ListBoxMapping
control.inYou
.NET
simply set the DataSource,DataMember, and
Chapter 19 - Mappedproperties
DataTextField Objects: Performance
and call theConsiderations and Data
control's DataBind Binding
method.
Note
Chapter 21 Data binding works in a similar way with the CheckBoxList and RadioButtonList controls,
- Messaging
Chapter 22 too. You
- SQL just need
Server to set theNotes
and ADO.NET: DataSource and DataTextField properties and call the
on Performance
- Relational method.
Appendix A DataBind Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Let's create a similar application as in the last sample. To make the application little more interactive, add
oneCheckBox control to the page, as shown in Figure 16-6. As you can see from this figure, when you
Index
check the Use DataReader check box, the Load Data button click reads data in a SqlDataReader and
List of Figures
binds it with the DropDownList control; otherwise it uses the DataSet.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 16-6: Data binding in a DropDownList control
by Mahesh
Listing 16-10 shows Chand
the code and
for the David
Load Talbot
Data ISBN:1590590732
and Get Selected Item button click event handlers. As you
Apress
can see, it binds the 2003 (928 pages)
CategoryName column of the Categories table to the control.
Listing 16-10: Data Binding
including in a DropDownList
ADO.NET Control
ADO.NET.
Private Sub LoadDataBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles LoadDataBtn.Click
Dim conn As SqlConnection = Nothing
Table of Contents
AppliedDim
reader As SqlDataReader = Nothing
Introduction
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = Nothing
ChapterDim
1 -connectionString
ADO.NET Basics = _
Chapter"Data
Source=MCB;Initial .NET
Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
Chapterconn
= New SqlConnection(connectionString)
Chapterconn.Open()
ChapterDim
5 -sql = "SELECT
Handling * FROM Categories"
ADO.NET Events
ChapterIf
6 CheckBox1.Checked Then
Chapter 7 ' -Use
Data DataReader
Chapter 8 cmd = New SqlCommand(sql,
- Constraints and Data Relations conn)
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
DropDownList1.DataSource = reader
DropDownList1.DataTextField = "CategoryName"
DropDownList1.DataBind()
If Not reader.IsClosed Then
reader.Close()
End If
ChapterElse
Chapter 16' -Use
DataSet
Dim ds As DataSet Mapping in .NET
= New DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds)
DropDownList1.DataSource = ds
Chapter 21DropDownList1.DataTextField
- Messaging = "CategoryName"
Chapter 22DropDownList1.DataBind()
- SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
End
Appendix A -If
End Sub
Index
Private Sub GetSelItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GetSelItem.Click
List of Figures
Label1.Text = "Selected Item: " & _
List of Tables
DropDownList1.SelectedItem.Value
List of Listings
End Sub
List of Sidebars
Data Binding in Other Simple Controls

How about data binding in simple TextBox,Button, and Image controls? These controls don't provide a
DataSource property. The ImageUrl property of the Image control binds an image to the control. You
use the Repeater control to bind data with these controls.
Caution When binding data to a TextBox control, you must write the runat="server" syntax after
theText property of these controls; otherwise you'll get the error "TextBox cannot have
children of DataBoundLiteralControl."
Listing 16-11 creates a TextBox,
Applied ADO.NET:a Button, and an ImageSolutions
Building Data-Driven control and binds data from the Employees
table of the Northwind database.
Listing 16-11: Data Binding in the TextBox,Button, and Image Controls
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
ADO.NET. %>
<script language="VB" runat=server>
Sub Page_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
Table of Contents
Dim conn As SqlConnection
Dim adapter As Data-Driven Solutions
SqlDataAdapter
Introduction
dim connectionString = _
Chapter 1 "Data Source=MCB;Initial
- ADO.NET Basics Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)
Chapter 3 conn.Open()
Chapter 4 dim sql = in"SELECT
- ADO.NET Connected*Environments
FROM Employees"
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)
dim cmd as SqlCommand
Dim reader as SqlDataReader = cmd.ExecuteReader()
repeaterControl.DataSource = reader
repeaterControl.DataBind()
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Sub
</script>
Chapter
<HTML> 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NETControls
<HEAD><title>Other in Xml Web Services
Data Binding</title></HEAD>
Chapter
<form16id="Form1"
- ASP.NET Server Controls and Data
method="post" Binding
runat="server">
<asp:Repeater
id="repeaterControl"
runat="server">
<ItemTemplate>
<asp:Button
id="Button1"
Text='<%# Container.DataItem("LastName") %>'
runat="server">
</asp:Button>
<asp:TextBox
Index
id="TextBox1"
List of Figures Container.DataItem("Title") %>'
Text='<%#
List of Tables
runat="server">
List of Listings
</asp:TextBox>
List of Sidebars
<asp:Image
id="Image1"
ImageUrl='<%# Container.DataItem("Photo") %>'
runat="server">
</asp:Image>
</ItemTemplate>
</asp:Repeater>
</form>
</HTML>
Applied
Tip If you want to bindADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
data to a LinkButton Solutions
control, just replace asp:Button with
by Mahesh Chand
asp:LinkButton and16-10.
in Listing David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Data Binding in Complex
Applied WebData-Driven
ADO.NET: Building Forms Controls
Solutions
TheDataList and DataGrid
Apress controls
2003 (928 pages) are complex data-bound controls. These controls are capable of
displaying multiple columns of a data source.
This text provides extensive The DataList
coverage of ADO.NETandtechnology
DataGrid controls share some
common features. including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and common features.
Before discussing each control, we'll discuss these
Understanding the BaseDataList Class
ADO.NET.
Before discussing the DataList and DataGrid controls, let's take a look at the BaseDataList class.
Table of Contents
TheBaseDataList class is an abstract base class for the DataList and DataGrid controls. Because
Applied
it's an ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
abstract base class, Solutions
the functionality defined in this class can only be used through its derived
classes. The class hierarchy is as follows:
Introduction
System.Object
System.Web.UI.Control
Chapter 4 System.Web.UI.WebControls.WebControl
Chapter 5 System.Web.UI.WebControls.BaseDataList
Chapter 6 System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid
Chapter 7 System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataList
Table 16-5 describes the BaseDataList class properties.
Table 16-5: The BaseDataList Class Properties
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
CellPadding This is the space between a cell and its border. Both get and set.
CellSpacing
Chapter This
16 - ASP.NET Server is theand
Controls space between
Data Binding two cells. Both get and set.
DataKeyField This is the key field in the data source. Both get and set.
DataKeys
Chapter This
19 - Mapped Objects: is the collection
Performance of data keys
Considerations and in theBinding
Data form of DataKeyCollection.
Read only.
DataMember This is the data member in a multimember data source. Both get and set.
DataSource
Appendix This is the
A - Relational Databases: Somedata source.
Basic Both get and set.
Concepts
Appendix B - Commonly Used
GridLines SQL
This isStatements
the border between the cells is displayed if true; otherwise false.
Both get andQuestions
set.
Index
HorizontalAlign
List of Figures
This is the horizontal alignment of a data listing control within its
container.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the DataKeyCollection Class
TheDataKeyCollection object represents a collection of the key fields in a data source. Both the
DataList and DataGrid controls provide access to the key fields through their DataKeyField
properties.
TheCount property returns the number of items in the collection. The IsReadOnly property returns
true if the items in the collection are read only. If they aren't read only, the value of this property returns
false.
TheIsSynchronized property returns true if the collection is thread safe; otherwise it returns false.
TheItem property gets the item from the collection at the specified index, and the SyncRoot property
returns the objectApplied
used toADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
synchronize access to the collection.
TheDataKeyCollection class
Apress 2003 provides two methods: CopyTo and GetEnumerator. The CopyTo
(928 pages)
method copies the contents
This of a collection
text provides extensivetocoverage
an array,ofand the GetEnumerator
ADO.NET technology method creates an
including ADO.NET
IEnumerator-implemented objectinternals, namespaces,
that contains classes,
all key fields andcollection.
in the
Using the DataList Web Server Control
ADO.NET.
TheDataList control represents a data-bound list control that displays items using templates. You can
Table of a
create Contents
DataList control by editing an .aspx file or by using the VS .NET IDE.
Before discussing DataList in more detail, let's look at a simple example. Listing 16-12 binds and
Introduction
displays1 data
Chapter in a DataList
- ADO.NET Basics control from the Categories table of the Northwind database.
Listing 16-12: Data Binding in a DataList Control
<%@ Import
Chapter Namespace="System.Data"
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events %>
<%@ Import
Chapter Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET %>
<HTML>
<BODY>
<font color="#006699" size="4" face="verdana">
DataList Server Control Sample
</font>
<script language="VB" runat="server">
Sub Page_Load(sender As Data Provider
Object, e As EventArgs)
Dim conn As SqlConnection Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter
Dim15 adapter
As SqlDataAdapter
Chapter
dim16 connectionString
- ASP.NET Server Controls
= and
_ Data Binding
"Data Real-World Web Applications
Source=MCB;Initial Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
Chapter 18 -=Object-Relational
conn Mapping in .NET
new SqlConnection(connectionString)
conn.Open()
dim
Chapter 20 sql
- COM= Interoperability
"SELECT * FROM Categories"
and ADO.NET
adapter
Chapter = new SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
21 - Messaging
Dim
Chapter 22 ds AsServer
- SQL Dataset = new DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds)
dtList.DataSource = ds
dtList.DataBind()
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
</script>
List of Tables
<P>
List of Listings
<ASP:DataList
List of Sidebars
id="dtList"
RepeatColumns="1"
runat="server">
<HeaderTemplate>
<FONT face="verdana" color="#cc3333" size="3">
<B>DataList Control Header</B></FONT>
</HeaderTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<FONT face="verdana" color="#996600" size="1">
DataList Control footer </FONT>
</FooterTemplate>
<ItemTemplate> by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
<FONT face="verdana" size="2"> (928 pages)
<BR> This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
<B>Category ID: including
</B>ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryID")
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with %>
<BR> ADO.NET.
<B>Category Name: </B>
Table
<BR> of Contents
<B>Description: Data-Driven Solutions
</B>
Introduction
Chapter
<BR> 1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - Data </B>
<B>Picture: Components in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments "Picture") %>
<P> 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter
<DIV></DIV>
</FONT>
</ItemTemplate>
</ASP:DataList>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Chapter 15 - of
The output Using ADO.NET
Listing 16-12 inlooks
Xml like
WebFigure
Services
16-7.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 16-7: Data binding in a DataList control
Setting the DataList Properties

TheDataList control is pretty useful and provides members to format the control's contents. Before
discussing how to format a DataList control's contents, let's look at the DataList control properties.
From these properties, you'll have an idea what a DataList control offers. Table 16-6 describes the
DataList class properties.
Table 16-6: The DataList Class Properties
PROPERTY by Mahesh Chand and DESCRIPTION
AlternatingItemStyle This represents the style of alternating items. Read only.
AlternatingItemTemplate namespaces,
This represents classes, and
the template for alternating items. Both get
and set.
ADO.NET.
EditItemIndex This represents the index number of the selected item. Both
get and set.
Table of Contents
EditItemStyle This represents the style of the item being edited. Read only.
EditItemTemplate
Introduction This represents the template for the items being edited. Both
get and set.
Chapter 2 - Data Components in VisualThis
ExtractTemplateRows Studio .NET
represents the whether rows are extracted and displayed.
Both get and set.
FooterStyle This returns the style of the footer.
FooterTemplate
Chapter This represents the template for the footer. Both get and set.
GridLines This represents grid lines: horizontal, vertical, both, or none.
HeaderStyle
Chapter This represents the style of the header. Both get and set.
HeaderTemplate This represents the template for the header. Both get and set.
Items
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and OtherThis
.NETreturns the collection of DataListItem objects.
Data Providers
ItemStyle This returns the style of items.
ItemTemplate
Chapter This
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web represents the template for DataList items. Both get
Services
andData
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and set. Binding
RepeatColumns This represents the represents the number of columns to
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping display
in .NET in a DataList. Both get and set. If you want to display
5 columns and Data set
in a DataList, Binding
it to 5.
RepeatDirection The determines whether the DataList control displays
vertically or horizontally.
RepeatLayout
Appendix This
A - Relational Databases: Some represents
Basic Conceptsif the control is displayed in a table or flow
layout.
SelectedIndex This represents the index of the selected item. Both get and
Index
set.
List of Figures
ListSelectedItem
of Tables This returns selected item.
ListSelectedItemStyle
of Listings This returns the style of the selected item.
List of Sidebars
SelectedItemTemplate This represents the template for the selected item.
SeparatorStyle This represents the style of the border.
SeparatorTemplate This represents the template for the border.
ShowFooter If true, this shows the footer; otherwise it hides the footer.
Both get and set.
ShowHeader If true, this shows the header; otherwise it hides the header.
Both get and set.
Tip You can Applied
set mostADO.NET: Building
of the control Data-Driven
properties Solutions
at design-time as well as at runtime. To create and set
aDataListby Mahesh
controlChand and Davidjust
at design-time, Talbot
drag a controlISBN:1590590732
from the Toolbox to a page and use the
Apress
Properties 2003
window (928its
to set pages)
properties.
Setting Multiple Columns,
including ADO.NET Grid Lines,
internals, and Alternating
namespaces, classes, and Rows
In Listing 16-12, you filled data from the Categories table and that data was listed in a single column. What
ADO.NET.
if you want to display more than one column in a row? You can do that by setting the control's
RepeatColumns property. You can even set the direction in which the control displays. The following
codeofsets
Table a DataListcontrol to display five columns in a row in a horizontal direction with grid lines:
Contents
Introduction
<ASP:DataList id="dtList"
RepeatColumns="5"
GridLines="Both"
runat="server">
You can set the style of the alternating rows by using AlternatingItemTemplate.Listing 16-13 sets
the format of alternating items in the controls.
Chapter
Listing916-13:
- ADO.NET Exception
Setting Handling
a DataList Control's Properties
Chapter
<FONT12face="verdana"
- Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data size="2">
color="green" Providers
Chapter
<BR> 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
<B>Category Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
ID: </B>
Chapter
<BR> 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
<B>Category Real-World
Name: </B> Web Applications
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET "CategoryName")%>
<BR> 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
<B>Description:
Chapter </B>
Chapter 21 - Messaging "Description") %>
<BR> 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Chapter
<B>Picture: </B>
<P>
<DIV></DIV>
Index
</FONT>
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The output of this program looks like Figure 16-8. As you can see from this figure, each row of the
DataList control has five columns with grid lines and alternating styles.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-8: Multiple columns in a DataList control
Setting
Chapter 3 -the Styleinand
ADO.NET Templates
Disconnected of a DataList
Environments Control
As you saw in Table 16-6, the DataList class provides many style properties for different portions of the
control. These properties are AlternatingItemStyle,EditItemStyle,FooterItemStyle,
Chapter 6 - IntegratingItemStyle,
HeaderItemStyle, XML with ADO.NET
SelectedItemStyle, and SeparatorStyle. Using these
Chapter 7 - Data Binding andstyle
properties, you can set the Windows
of theForms Data-Bound
respective portionControls
of the control.
In addition
Chapter 9 -to the styles,
ADO.NET you canHandling
Exception hide or show the DataList control headers and footers by using the
ShowHeader
Chapter and ShowFooter
10 - Working with the ODBCproperties.
.NET Data You can even set the layout of the DataList control by using
Provider
theRepeatLayout
Chapter property, and
11 - Stored Procedures which takes a value of the RepeatLayout enumeration, which has two
Views
values:12
Chapter Table and Flow.
- Oracle, The
SQLXML, Other layout
Table
and is responsible
.NET Data Providers for displaying items in a table. The Flow layout
is responsible
Chapter for displaying
13 - Developing itemsData
a Custom without a table.
Provider
TheDataList control Database
supports Web
manyApplications
templates,using
even ASP.NET
more than the DataGrid control. The templates
supported by the DataList control are AlternatingItemTemplate,EditItemTemplate,
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET HeaderTemplate,
FooterTemplate, Server Controls and Data Binding
ItemTemplate, SelectedItemTemplate, and
SeparatorTemplate. Using these templates you can set or get the format of different portions of the
DataList.
Note
Chapter 20 See theInteroperability
- COM "Understanding Web
and Server Control Templates" section for more details about
ADO.NET
Chapter 21 templates.
- Messaging
Chapter
Listing 22 - SQL
16-14 Server
sets and ADO.NET:
the styles Notes of
and templates onaPerformance
DataList control and its portions manually. This code
shows you how you can use templates. You can Concepts
give them whatever format you want.
Listing 16-14:
Appendix Setting
C - ADO.NET a DataList
Frequently AskedControl's
Questions Styles
Index
List of Figures
<asp:DataList
List of Tables
id=DataList1
List of Listings
runat="server"
List of Sidebars
GridLines="Both"
DataSource="<%# DataSet11 %>"
DataKeyField="CategoryID"
DataMember="Categories"
RepeatColumns="5"
Font-Size="X-Small"
Font-Names="Verdana"
ForeColor="Navy"
BackColor="LightGray"
BorderColor="Black">
<SelectedItemStyle
ForeColor="#FF0033"
BackColor="#CCCC99">
</SelectedItemStyle> ISBN:1590590732
<EditItemStyle Apress 2003 (928 pages)

Font-Size="10pt" This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Font-Bold="True" namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
BackColor="#FFE0C0">
ADO.NET.
</EditItemStyle>
<AlternatingItemStyle
Table of Contents
ForeColor="#006600"
BackColor="Silver">
Introduction
</AlternatingItemStyle>
<ItemStyle
ForeColor="Black"
BackColor="GhostWhite">
</ItemStyle>
<FooterStyle
Font-Size="8pt"
Font-Names="Tahoma"
ForeColor="White"
BackColor="Teal">
</FooterStyle>
<HeaderStyle
Font-Size="X-Small"
Font-Bold="True"
ForeColor="White"
BackColor="#003399">
</HeaderStyle>
</asp:DataList>
Using21DataKeys
Chapter - Messaging
TheDataKeys property of the BaseDataList class returns a collection of primary keys available in a
data source. The DataKeys property accesses the key values of each row in a data listing control. The
key field basically represents the primary key column value in a data source, which retrieves the data of
other columns in a row based on the primary key. The DataKeyField property assigns the primary key
Index
of a data source.
List of Figures
What's
List the use of DataKeyField after setting its value to a primary key column of a data source? Well,
of Tables
let's
List of say you want to retrieve, delete, and update a row in a data source bound to a DataList control.
Listings
The
List of only way to track down a row is through DataKeyField.DataKeyField is used in a handler for an
Sidebars
event, such as ItemCommand or DeleteCommand, as part of an update query string to revise a specific
record in the data source. So, DataFieldKey helps the update query string identify the appropriate row in
a data source to modify.
The following code sets the DataKeyField property to the CategoryID column:
<ASP:DataList
id="dtList" RepeatColumns="5"
GridLines="Both"
...........
> Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Understanding
ThisDataList Events
interfaces,
TheDataList control and takes
supports a comprehensive
events look at XML
and provides method to raise events when items are being bound,
edited, deleted, and created.
ADO.NET.
TheItemCreated event occurs when an item is created in the control. The event handler of the
of Contentsevent receives an argument of type DataListItemEventArgs, which contains the data
ItemCreated
Table
related to the event. You Data-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding can use the Solutions
OnItemCreated method to raise this event.
Introduction
TheItemDataBound event occurs when an item is data bound to the control. You use this event to
Chapter
access1the- data
ADO.NET
item Basics
before it'll be displayed in the control. You can use the OnItemDataBound method
Chapter
to raise2the- ItemDataBound
Data Components inevent.
Visual Studio .NET
ADataList
Chapter control can
4 - ADO.NET have Update,
in Connected Delete, and Cancel buttons, which can be used to update, delete,
Environments
and cancel
Chapter 5 - data in a ADO.NET
Handling DataList control, respectively. The ItemCommand event occurs when any button is
Events
clicked.6
TheCancelCommand event occurs when the Cancel button is clicked in a DataList control. You can
use the OnCancelCommand method to raise this event.
TheEditCommand
Chapter 10 - Working event occurs
with the ODBCwhen
.NETthe Edit
Data button of DataList is clicked. You can use the
Provider
11 - Stored method
OnEditCommand
Chapter to raise
Procedures this event.
and Views
TheDeleteCommand event occurs when the Delete button of DataList is clicked. You can use the
OnDeleteCommand method to raise this event.
TheUpdateCommand eventinoccurs
Xml Web Services
when the Edit button of DataList is clicked. You can use the
Chapter
OnUpdateCommand method to raise thisData
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Binding
event.
The event
Chapter 18 -handler of the ItemCreated,
Object-Relational CancelCommand,EditCommand,DeleteCommand , and
Mapping in .NET
19 - Mappedevents
UpdateCommand
Chapter receive
Objects: an argument
Performance of type DataListCommandEventArgs,
Considerations and Data Binding which contains
data related to this event. DataListCommandEventArgs provides information, which includes the
argument for the command, the name of the command, the source of the command, and the item
containing the command source in the control.
Listing 16-15 adds theDatabases: Some Basic
Update,Delete, Concepts
Cancel, and Edit command event handlers by using the
Appendix B - CommonlyOnDeleteCommand,
OnUpdateCommand, Used SQL StatementsOnCancelCommand, and OnEditCommand methods.
Listing 16-15: AddingUpdate,Delete,Cancel, and Edit Command Handlers
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
<asp:datalist
List of Listings
id="dtList" runat="server" CellPadding="4"
List of Sidebars
GridLines="Horizontal" RepeatColumns="5"
OnUpdateCommand="UpdateCommandHandler"
OnDeleteCommand="DeleteCommandHandler"
OnCancelCommand="CancelCommandHandler"
OnEditCommand="EditCommandHandler"
DataKeyField="CategoryID" BackColor="WhiteSmoke"
BorderColor="#CCCCCC" BorderStyle="Solid"
BorderWidth="1px" ForeColor="Black"
Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
Listing 16-16 shows the code written on the event handlers for these commands.
by Mahesh
Listing 16-16: The Chand
Code for and David
the Update, Talbot Cancel, and
Delete, Edit Command Handlers
ISBN:1590590732
Sub EditCommandHandler(sender as object, _
args as DataListCommandEventArgs)
End Sub ADO.NET.
Sub CancelCommandHandler(sender as object, _

Table of Contents
Introduction
End Sub
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio as
Sub DeleteCommandHandler(sender .NETobject, _
Chapter
args as3 -DataListCommandEventArgs)
Chapter
End Sub5 - Handling ADO.NET Events
Sub UpdateCommandHandler(sender
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms as object,
Data-Bound _
Controls
args as
Chapter 8 -DataListCommandEventArgs)
End Sub
Editing, Updating, and Deleting Through a DataList Control
Chapter
To see15the- real-world
Using ADO.NET
uses in
ofXml Web Services
DataKeys, templates, and DataList event handlers of a DataList
control, let's write a useful editable DataList application. This application will display data from the
Chapter 17 - table
Categories Building Real-World
of the Web
Northwind Applications
database. The application will also allow you to edit, cancel, and delete
data through Mappingitself.
the DataListcontrol in .NET
Actually20writing
Chapter - COMan editable DataList
Interoperability control is little complex. So, you'll create a DataList by directly
and ADO.NET
editing 21
Chapter the-code in an .aspx file. Once the DataList control is ready, you'll fill data to it and add event
Messaging
handlers
Chapter 22for the Server
- SQL Edit, Update, Cancel,Notes
and ADO.NET: and Delete buttons.
on Performance
Appendix
First, youA create
a DataList Someand
control Basic
setConcepts
its properties. You also make calls to the
Appendix B - CommonlyOnDeleteCommand,
OnUpdateCommand, Used SQL StatementsOnCancelCommand, and OnEditCommand methods, which
Appendix
raise theCupdate
command, Asked
delete Questions
command, cancel command, and edit command, respectively. The
Index
DataList control code is as follows:
List of Figures
List of Tables
<asp:datalist id="dtList" runat="server"
List of Listings
CellPadding="4" RepeatDirection="Horizontal"
List of Sidebars
BorderColor="#CCCCCC" BorderStyle="Solid" BorderWidth="1px"
ForeColor="Black" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
Second, format and set a layout for the control. For this example, set the header, footer, selected item,
item, alternating item, and edit item templates. On ItemTemplate and AlternatingItemTemplate,
add a LinkButton control with a CommandName of Edit, which means it'll be responsible for raising the
Applied
EditCommandevent. TheADO.NET: Building
following code addsData-Driven Solutions
an Edit link button to the items of a DataListcontrol:
<asp:LinkButton Text="Edit" CommandName="Edit"
RunAt="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
ADO.NET.
The code for ItemTemplate and AlternatingItemTemplate is as follows:
Table of Contents
<ItemTemplate>
<b>Category ID:</b>
Introduction
<%# Container.DataItem("CategoryID") %>
<br>
<b>Category Name:</b>
Chapter
<%#3 Container.DataItem("CategoryName")
- ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments %>
Chapter
<br> - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
4
<b>Description:</b>
Chapter
<%#6 Container.DataItem("Description")
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET %>
Chapter
<br> - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
7
Chapter 8 - Constraints and
<asp:LinkButton Data Relations CommandName="Edit"
Text="Edit"
RunAt="server">
</asp:LinkButton>
</ItemTemplate>
Chapter 13 -face="verdana"
<font Developing a Customcolor="green"
Data Provider size="1"><b>Category ID:</b>
<%# Container.DataItem("CategoryID") %>
<br>
<%# Container.DataItem("CategoryName") %>
<br>
<b>Description:</b>
Chapter
<%#19Container.DataItem("Description")
- Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations %>
and Data Binding
Chapter
<br>20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
<asp:LinkButton Text="Edit" CommandName="Edit"
RunAt="server" ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
ID="Linkbutton1" NAME="Linkbutton1">
</asp:LinkButton> Databases: Some Basic Concepts
</font>
Index
List of Figures
As you can see from the previous code, you simply display the contents of the Categories table and, in the
List of Tables
end, add the Edit link button. You also set the header and footer styles of the control.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
EditItemTemplate is another template that plays a major role in creating an editable DataList
control. This is the template where you set the types of control being used when a DataList control is in
edit mode. When a DataList control is in edit mode, you want to allow users to edit the CategoryName
and Description columns of the Categories table. To do so, you need to create TextBox controls so the
user can edit new values. Besides the TextBox controls, you need to allow options to save changes,
cancel changes, and delete an item from the DataList. The following code snippet adds TextBox
controls and link buttons to the edited item of the DataList control:
<EditItemTemplate>
<br>
<asp:TextBox ID="catNameTextBox"
Text='<%# Container.DataItem("CategoryName") %>'
Runat="server"Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand
Font-Names="Verdana" and David Talbot
Font-Size="8pt" ISBN:1590590732
Apress
BorderStyle="Groove" /> 2003 (928 pages)
<br> This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
<b>Description</b>
<br> namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
<asp:TextBox ID="desTextBox"
ADO.NET.
Text='<%# Container.DataItem("Description") %>'
Runat="server"
TableFont-Names="Verdana"
of Contents Font-Size="8pt"
BorderStyle="Groove" /> Solutions
Introduction
<br>
<asp:LinkButton Text="Cancel" CommandName="cancel" Runat="server" />
<asp:LinkButton in Visual Studio CommandName="delete"
Text="Delete" .NET Runat="server" />
<asp:LinkButton
Chapter Text="Update"
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected CommandName="update" Runat="server" />
Environments
</EditItemTemplate>
The next step is to load data to the control. You create a method called FillDataList, which binds data
to the DataList control based on the items specified in ItemTemplate and
AlternatingItemTemplate, as shown earlier.
You call
Chapter 10the
- Working method
with the ODBC
FillDataList onData
.NET the Provider
Page_Load event, as shown in the following code:
Sub Page_Load
If not IsPostBack a Custom Data Provider
FillDataList()
Chapter
End15If- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
End Sub
Now you write the EditCommand event handler, where you set EditItemIndex of the DataList
control to the ItemIndex of DataListCommandEventArgs.Item returned by the EditCommand
handler. After setting EditItemIndex of DataList, you refill data to the control by calling the
FillDataList method, as shown in the following code:
Sub EditCommandHandler(sender as object, _
dtList.EditItemIndex = args.Item.ItemIndex
Index
FillDataList()
List
End of Figures
Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
Onofthe
List CancelCommand event handler, you simply set EditItemIndex of DataListto -1 and rebind
Sidebars
theDataList control:

dtList.EditItemIndex = -1
FillDataList()
End Sub
Writing code for the UpdateCommand and DeleteCommand handlers is little tricky. You probably can
guess that on the UpdateCommand handler, you need to find out the index of the current item by using
Appliedwhich
DataList.DataKeys, ADO.NET: Building
returns Data-Driven
the PrimaryKey Solutions
column's value. Once you know the
PrimaryKey, you can easily find out which record you want toISBN:1590590732
update or delete. You can simply construct
aSqlCommand and Apress 2003it.(928 pages)
execute
including
TheDeleteCommand ADO.NET
event handlerinternals, namespaces, classes, and
is as follows:
dim strId as ADO.NET.
string = dtList.DataKeys(args.Item.ItemIndex)
dim sql = "DELETE Categories WHERE CategoryID=@catID"
dim cmd as SqlCommand = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Table of Contents
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catID", strId)
conn.Open()
Introduction
conn.Close()
Chapter 2 - Data Components =
dtList.EditItemIndex in -1
Visual Studio .NET
FillDataList()
As you can see from the previous code, you simply get the CategoryID value for the edited item of the
DataList control. Once you have the CategoryID value, you delete all records that match the
CategoryID by constructing and executing a DELETEstatement.
Chapter
On the 9UpdateCommand
- ADO.NET Exception
eventHandling
handler, you need to get the values of the CategoryName and Description
Chapter
columns10and
- Working with the and
then construct ODBC .NET Data
execute Provider statement, as shown in the following code:
an UPDATE
dim strId SQLXML, =and
as string Other .NET Data Providers
dtList.DataKeys(args.Item.ItemIndex)
Chapter 13 - Developingas
dim strCatName a Custom Data =
TextBox Provider
args.Item.FindControl("catNameTextBox")
dim strDesc Database Web
as TextBox Applications using ASP.NET
= args.Item.FindControl("desTextBox")
Chapter 15 - Using
dim sql ADO.NETCategories
= "UPDATE in Xml Web Services
SET CategoryName=@catName, " & _
" Description=@desc WHEREand Data Binding
CategoryID=@catID"
dim cmd
Chapter as SqlCommand
17 - Building = new
Real-World Web SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Applications
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catID",
Chapter strId)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catName",
Chapter strCatName.Text.ToString())
cmd.Parameters.Add("@desc",
Chapter strDesc.Text.ToString())
conn.Open()
conn.Close()
dtList.EditItemIndex = -1
FillDataList()
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List ofNote You also set the EditItemIndex of DataList to -1 and call the FillDataList method to
Listings
refill the DataList control.
List of Sidebars
Finally,Listing 16-17 shows the complete code.
Listing 16-17: EditableDataList Control

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>Editable DataList</title>
<script runat="server">
Sub Page_Load
If not IsPostBack
FillDataList()
End If
Sub FillDataList()
ADO.NET.
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter
Table of Contents
"Data Source=MCB;Initial Catalog=Northwind;user id=sa;password=;"
Introduction
conn.Open()
Chapter 1 sql
dim - ADO.NET Basics * FROM Categories"
= "SELECT
Chapter 2 cmd
dim - Data
asComponents
SqlCommand in Visual Studio
= new .NET
SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Chapter 3 reader
dim - ADO.NETasin SqlDataReader
= cmd.ExecuteReader()
dtList.DataSource Environments
= reader
dtList.DataBind()
reader.Close()
conn.Close()
End Sub
Sub EditCommandHandler(sender
Chapter as Provider
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data object, _
' code here
End Sub
' code here
End Sub
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET as object, _
Sub DeleteCommandHandler(sender
Chapter
args as19 -DataListCommandEventArgs)
Chapter
' code 20 here
Chapter
End Sub21 - Messaging
Sub UpdateCommandHandler(sender
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic as object, _
Concepts
args as
Appendix B -DataListCommandEventArgs)
' code
Appendix here Frequently Asked Questions
C - ADO.NET
End Sub
Index
</script>
List of Figures
</HEAD>
List of Tables
<body>
List of Listings
<form runat="server">
List of Sidebars
<asp:datalist id="dtList" runat="server"
CellPadding="4" RepeatDirection="Horizontal"
BorderColor="#CCCCCC" BorderStyle="Solid" BorderWidth="1px"
ForeColor="Black" Font-Names="Verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
<SelectedItemStyle Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White"
BackColor="#CC3333">
</SelectedItemStyle>
<HeaderTemplate> ISBN:1590590732
<FONT face="verdana" color="#FFFFFF" size="3">
<B>EditableThis text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
DataList</B></FONT>
</HeaderTemplate> ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
including
<EditItemStyle BackColor="#FFC080"></EditItemStyle>
ADO.NET.
<FooterTemplate>
Table<FONT
of Contents
face="verdana" color="#996600" size="1">
DataList Control Data-Driven
footer Solutions
Introduction
</FONT>
</FooterTemplate>
<ItemTemplate>
' item
Chapter 3 template
- ADO.NET incode here Environments
Disconnected
</ItemTemplate>
' alternative
Chapter itemand
7 - Data Binding template codeData-Bound
Windows Forms here Controls
Chapter 8
<FooterStyle ForeColor="Black" BackColor="#C0FFC0">
</FooterStyle>
<HeaderStyle Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#C04000" BackColor="#FF8000">
</HeaderStyle>
<EditItemTemplate>
Chapter
' code 16 here
</EditItemTemplate>
</asp:datalist></form>
</body>
</HTML>
If you run the application, the output looks like Figure 16-9.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 16-9: EditableDataList control
Now if you click an Edit link button, the item changes to editable form, which looks like Figure 16-10.
ADO.NET.
Figure 16-10: ADataList control in editable mode
Table of Contents
The Update
Applied link button saves
ADO.NETBuilding the changes,
Data-Driven the Cancel link button ignores the changes and keeps the
Solutions
original values, and the Delete link button deletes the item.
Introduction
Using the VS .NET IDE to Set a DataList's Properties
Chapter
The VS3.NET
IDE provides Environments
limited support to the DataList control. There are two common ways to set a
Chapter 4 - control's
DataList ADO.NET properties.
First, you can use the Properties windows; second, you can use the
Chapter
Property5 Builder.
- Handling
YouADO.NET Events Builder by right-clicking and selecting Property Builder or by
call the Property
Chapter
clicking the Property Builder link ADO.NET
6 - Integrating XML with at the bottom of the Properties window, as shown in Figure 16-11.
IndexFigure 16-11: The Properties window of a DataList control
List of Figures
List
The of first
Tables
page of the Property Builder is the General page. On this page, you can set DataKeyField and
List of Listings
other properties of the control. The Show Header and Show Footer check boxes indicate whether the
header
List and footer will be displayed in the control. In the Repeat Layout section, you can set the Columns,
of Sidebars
Direction, and Layout properties.
The second page of the Property Builder is the Format page. On this page, you can set the format of the
control, header, footer, items, and separators. From this page, you can set the properties such as
background color, foreground colors, font, and alignment of each portion of the DataList control. You
can even set the format of items, alternating items, selecting items, and edit mode items from this page.
The third page of the Property Builder is the Border Format page, which allows you to set the format of the
DataList border. The properties on this page are cell padding, cell spacing, grid lines, border color, and
border width.
Using the DataGrid WebBuilding
Applied ADO.NET: Server ControlSolutions
Data-Driven
In Chapter 14, you learn about some DataGrid functionality. It discussed using data binding, setting a
control's properties and styles using the Properties window as well as the Property Builder, writing event
This text provides
handlers, and implementing pagingextensive coveragecontrol.
in a DataGrid of ADO.NET technology
TheDataGrid control's functionality doesn't end there; it provides much more than that. In this section,
you'll see the restADO.NET.
of the functionality. You'll work in the HTML View because it's easy to understand and
modify.
Table Caution If you skipped Chapter 14, you should go back and read the "DataGrid and DataList
of Contents
Controls" section.
Introduction
The following code creates a DataGrid control programmatically:
<ASP:DataGrid
Chapter id="dtGrid"
runat="server">
Chapter 4
</ASP:DataGrid>
Chapter
Similar8to the
- Constraints
DataList and Data Relations
control, the DataGrid control provides a DataSource property, which binds
Chapter
data to9the- control.
ADO.NET Exception
Once Handling
you have set the DataSource property, you call the DataBind method. Listing
16-18 reads
Chapter data from
10 - Working the
with theCategories
ODBC .NETtable
Dataof Northwind and binds the filled DataSet to the DataGrid
Provider
control.11 - Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter
Listing 16-18: Data Binding in a DataGrid Control
<%@ Import
Chapter Namespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services %>
<%@ Import
Chapter Namespace="System.Data"
16 - ASP.NET %>
<HTML>
<script
Chapter 18 -language="VB" runat="server">
Sub19Page_Load(sender
Chapter As Object,
- Mapped Objects: Performance e As EventArgs)
FillDataGrid()
End If
End SUb
Sub FillDataGrid()
Dim Frequently
adapter Asked Questions
As SqlDataAdapter
Index dim connectionString = _
List of Figures
"Data Source=MCB;Initial Catalog=Northwind;" & _
List of Tables
"user id=sa;password=;"
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
adapter.Fill(ds)
dtGrid.DataSource = ds
dtGrid.DataBind()
End Sub
</script>
<body>
<ASP:DataGrid id="dtGrid"
runat="server">
</ASP:DataGrid>
</body> by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
</HTML> Apress 2003 (928 pages)

The output of Listing 16-18 generates a page that looks like Figure 16-12.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 11 - 16-12:
Figure Stored Procedures and
Data binding in Views
a DataGrid control
Setting
Chapter 14 -DataGrid
Developing Styles
Besides setting a DataGrid control's properties at design-time, you can always set a DataGrid control's
properties (including style properties) from the .aspx page by simply editing the HTML code using the VS
.NET IDE or a text editor.
TheDataGrid
Chapter control
19 - Mapped provides
Objects: properties
Performance that can set the
Considerations andstyle
Dataof its various parts. The DataGrid style
Binding
properties
Chapter 20 -are
COMAlternatingItemStyle, HeaderStyle,FooterStyle,EditItemStyle,
ItemStyle,
Chapter and SelectedItemStyle, which represent styles for alternating items, headers, footers,
21 - Messaging
edit items,
Chapter 22 -items, and selected
SQL Server items, Notes
and ADO.NET: respectively.
on Performance
Each of these style properties is a type of the TableItemStyle class, which inherits from the Style
class. The TableItemStyle class represents the style of properties for an element of a control. Table
16-7 describes Frequently Asked Questions
the TableItemStyle class properties.
Index
List of Figures
Table 16-7: The TableItemStyle Class Properties
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
BackColor Background color of the item.
BorderColor This text Border
providescolor of thecoverage
extensive item. of ADO.NET technology
BorderStyle interfaces,Border styleaof
and takes the item. It can
comprehensive beatDashed,
look XML Dotted,Double,Groove,
namespaces and None,
Inset, classes, and howOutset,
Notset, to integrate bothorwith
Ridge, Solid.
ADO.NET.
BorderWidth Width of the border.
CssStyle
Table of Contents Cascading style of the item.
Applied
FontADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
FontInfo,Solutions
which defines how the font will be displayed.
Introduction
ForeColor
Chapter Foreground color of the item.
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter
Height2 - Data Components in Visual
Height of theStudio
item. .NET
HorizontalAlign
Chapter 4 Horizontal
- ADO.NET in Connected alignment of the item.
Environments
VerticalAlign Events
Vertical alignment of the item.
Width
Chapter 7
Width of the item.
Chapter
Wrap8 - Constraints and Data Relations
If true, items will be wrapped; otherwise not.
Listing 11
Chapter 16-19 adds Procedures
- Stored some colors to Views
and the DataGrid control by setting its ItemStyle,HeaderStyle,
FooterStyle,AlternatingItemStyle, and EditItemStyle properties.
Listing 16-19: Setting a DataGrid Control's Style Properties
HeaderStyle-BackColor=#003366
HeaderStyle-Font-Bold=True
HeaderStyle-Font-Name=verdana
HeaderStyle-ForeColor=white
HeaderStyle-Font-Size=10
ItemStyle-BackColor=black
ItemStyle-Font-Name=verdana
ItemStyle-Font-Size=8
ItemStyle-ForeColor=#ffcc33
AlternatingItemStyle-BackColor=LightSteelBlue
Index
AlternatingItemStyle-ForeColor=black
FooterStyle-BackColor=#ffff99
List of Figures
FooterStyle-Font-Name=tahoma
List of Tables
FooterStyle-Font-Size=6
List of Listings
FooterStyle-Font-Italic=True
List of Sidebars
EditItemStyle-BackColor=red
EditItemStyle-Font-Size=8
EditItemStyle-ForeColor=#ccffff
ShowHeader=True
ShowFooter=True
runat="server">
Figure 16-13 shows the new DataGrid control.

ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 16-13: TheDataGrid control with the new styles
Understanding
Chapter 3 - ADO.NETainDataGrid's Columns
TheDataGrid
Chapter 5
control provides control and manages a DataGrid's columns in different ways. You can
manage a DataGrid control's columns at design-time as well as at runtime. The Columns property of
theDataGrid control is the gateway to accessing and managing columns in a DataGrid at runtime. The
Columns property represents a collection of DataGridColumn objects.
Chapter 9 -AutoGenerateColumns
Using the ADO.NET Exception Handling
Property
So far you've
Chapter seen Procedures
11 - Stored that if you bind a DataGrid control to a data source, the control displays all the
and Views
columns
Chapter 12available
- Oracle, in a data source
SQLXML, in the
and Other same
.NET Dataorder as they are defined in the data source. The
Providers
AutoGenerateColumns property controls this behavior of the DataGrid control. If you want to change
the order of the columns, or you want to customize a DataGrid control, you must set the
AutoGenerateColumnsproperty to false.
Chapter 16setting
Actually, - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data
AutoGenerateColumns Bindingto true automatically binds columns for all fields in
property
the data source. Each field of the data source is rendered as a column of DataGrid. The BoundColumn
class represents Mapping
a bound column of ainDataGrid
.NET control.
Using the
Chapter 20 -DataGridColumn Class
TheDataGridColumn class represents a column of a DataGrid control. A DataGrid control can have
different kind of columns such as bound columns, button columns, edit command columns, hyperlink
Appendix
columns, A and
button columns. Some
The Basic Concepts
BoundColumn, ButtonColumn,EditCommandColumn,
Appendix B - Commonly and
HyperlinkColumn, UsedTemplateColumn
SQL Statements classes represent the bound columns, button, edit
Appendix
command, C - hyperlink,
ADO.NET Frequently Asked
and template Questions
column, respectively. The DataGridColumn class is the base class
Index
for all column classes.
List of Figures
The
List ofDataGridColumn
Tables class provides properties that can format a DataGrid column's header and
footers. These properties are FooterStyle,FooterText,HeaderImageUrl,HeaderStyle, and
List of Listings
HeaderText. The ItemStyle property gets the style of a column's items. The SortExpression
List of Sidebars
property represents the name of the field or expressions, which are used in the OnSortCommand method
when a column sorts its items.
Customizing and Rearranging a DataGrid's Columns

As you saw earlier, the DataGrid control generates a column for each column of a table in the data
source in the same order as they're defined in the data source. But what if you don't want to display all the
columns of a data source? One way to do this is to use a SELECT statement with the columns you want.
There may be occasions when you want to control the column's display at runtime. For example, you may
want to change the default order of the columns.
To allow the custom view and selection of columns, the first thing you need to do is disable the
AutoGenerateColumns property:
AutoGenerateColumns=False
Now, because the AutoGenerateColumns property is false, you have to generate all the columns you
want to display innamespaces
a DataGrid andcontrol. You
classes, anduse
howBoundColumn forwith
to integrate both adding data-bound columns to the
DataGrid control. You can use the Columnsproperty of DataGrid and bind the
ADO.NET.
ASP:BoundColumn.DataField property to the data source. Listing 16-20 displays the Description,
CategoryName, and CategoryID columns of the Categories table in the same order.
Table of Contents
Applied
ListingADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
16-20: Rearranging Solutions
a DataGrid Column's Sequence
Introduction
AutoGenerateColumns=False
EnableViewState=False
runat="server">
<Columns>
<ASP:BoundColumn with ADO.NET
DataField="Description" />
Chapter 7 - Data BindingDataField="CategoryName"
<ASP:BoundColumn and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
/>
<ASP:BoundColumn DataField="CategoryID"
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations />
</Columns>
</ASP:DataGrid>
TheBoundColumn property provides the DataFormatString property, which can format the data of a
column. You can even set the format of the BoundColumn header and footers. For this example, set the
header and footer text for the columns by using the HeaderText and FooterText properties of
BoundColumn. Server
Listing 16-21Controls
shows and
the Data Binding
final code.
Listing18
Chapter 16-21: FormattingBoundColumn's
- Object-Relational Mapping in .NET Header and Footers
<Columns>
<ASP:BoundColumn
DataField="Description"
HeaderText="Description"
FooterText="Category Statements
Description"/>
<ASP:BoundColumn
DataField="CategoryName"
Index
HeaderText="Category
List of Figures Name"
FooterText="Name
List of Tables of Category"/>
<ASP:BoundColumn
List of Listings DataField="CategoryID"
HeaderText="ID"
List of Sidebars
FooterText="Category ID"/>
</Columns>
Figure 16-14 shows the updated DataGrid control.

ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure 16-14: DataGrid with BoundColumns
Introduction
Calling DataGrid
Chapter 3
Events
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
TheDataGrid eventsinplay
a major role in DataGrid customization. In this section, you'll learn about the
DataGrid events, which you'll use in later examples. Table 16-8 describes the DataGrid control events.
Chapter 7 - Data
Table 16-8: Binding and Control
The DataGrid WindowsEvents
EVENT - ADO.NET Exception
Chapter 9
DESCRIPTION
Handling
Chapter 10 - Working with theThe
CancelCommand ODBC .NET button
Cancel Data Provider
tells a DataGrid control not to save the changes
made to the items. This event occurs when a Cancel button in a
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML,DataGrid
is clicked. The OnCancelCommand method raises this
event.Data
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom TheProvider
OnCancelCommand allows you to write a custom event
handler
Chapter 14 - Developing Database WebforApplications
the CancelCommand, where you can get the data about a
using ASP.NET
command.
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in The CancelCommand event handler provides an argument
Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server of DataGridCommandArgs,
Controls and Data Binding which gets the data associated with a
command.
Chapter 18 - Object-RelationalThe
DeleteCommand Mapping inbutton
Delete .NET deletes an item of a DataGrid control. This event
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects:occurs
Performance
when aConsiderations
Delete buttonand Data Binding
is clicked. The OnDeleteCommand
method andraises
ADO.NET
this event. The OnDeleteCommand allows you to write a
Chapter 21 - Messaging custom event handler for the DeleteCommand, where you can get the
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and data aboutNotes
ADO.NET: a command. The DeleteCommand event handler provides
on Performance
an argument
Appendix A - Relational Databases: of DataGridCommandArgs,
Some Basic Concepts which gets the data
Appendix B - Commonly Usedassociated with a command.
SQL Statements
EditCommand The Edit button edits a DataGrid control's items. This event occurs
Index when the Edit button is clicked. The OnEditCommand method raises
List of Figures this event. The OnEditCommand allows you to write a custom event
List of Tables handler for the EditCommand, where you can get the data about a
List of Listings command. The EditCommand event handler provides an argument of
List of Sidebars DataGridCommandArgs, which gets the data associated with a
command.
UpdateCommand The Update button saves the changes made to a DataGrid. This event
occurs when the Update button is clicked. The OnUpdateCommand
method raises this event. The OnUpdateCommandallows you to write
a custom event handler for the UpdateCommand, where you can get
the data about a command. The UpdateCommandevent handler
provides an argument of DataGridCommandArgs, which gets the data
associated with a command.
This eventBuilding
ItemCommand Applied ADO.NET: occurs when any button
Data-Driven on a DataGrid is clicked. The
Solutions
OnItemCommand
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot method raises this event. Similar to previous event
ISBN:1590590732
handler, the
Apress 2003 (928 pages) OnItemCommand event also provides an argument of
DataGridCommandArgs, which gets the data associated with a
command.
This
ItemCreated namespaces andevent occurs
classes, and when
how tothe items of
integrate thewith
both control are created. The
ADO.NET. OnItemCreated method raises this event. This method also provides
an argument of DataGridCommandArgs, which gets the data
associated with a command.
Table of Contents
ItemDataBound
Applied This eventSolutions
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven occurs when an item is bound to a DataGrid control. The
Introduction OnItemDataBound method raises this event. The ItemDataBound
event handler provides an argument of DataGridItemEventArgs,
which contains data related to this event.
PageIndexChanged This eventEnvironments
occurs when a paging selection of a DataGrid control is
clicked.Environments
Chapter 14 covers this event in it "Paging in the DataGrid
Control"
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Eventssection.
SortCommand TheDataGrid control has default built-in functionality for sorting. By
writing a few lines of code, you can add the sorting functionality to a
Chapter 8 - Constraints and DataGrid
Data Relationscontrol. First of all, you need to set the AllowSorting
property of the DataGrid to true. Second of all, you need to write a
Chapter 10 - Working with theSortCommand
event handler. The SortCommand event handler
provides an argument of DataGridSortCommandEventArgs, which
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML,returns
and Other
data.NET DatatoProviders
related the sort command such as the column being
used Data Provider
to sort the data.
Using16the
Chapter DataGridCommandEventArgs
- ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding Class
This class provides data for the CancelCommand,DeleteCommand,EditCommand,ItemComand, and
UpdateCommand events. The event handler of these events takes an argument of
DataGridCommandEventArgs, which can be used to get the data about a command.
TheCommandArgument property returns an argument for the command. The CommandName property
returns22
Chapter thename of theand
SQL Server command,
ADO.NET:which
Notescan
on be set by using a column's CommandName property. The
Performance
CommandSource
Appendix property
A - Relational returns
Databases: the source
Some of the command, and the Item property returns the item of
Basic Concepts
theDataGrid
Appendix that contains
B - Commonly the command.
Used SQL Statements
Using
Index a DataGrid Control with Button Columns
List of Figures
TheButtonColumn class represents a button column. A button column can have two types: a push
List of Tables
button or a link button. The ButtonType property of ButtonColumn represents the type of button.
List of Listings
The
List ofCommandName
Sidebars property is a string that represents the command to perform when the button is
clicked. It's used to handle the button click event handler. The DataGridCommandEventArgs's
CommandName property returns the CommandName of a column.
TheDataTextField property binds a data source field to a button column, and

DataTextFormatString represents the format of the column, which will be displayed in a DataGrid.
TheText property represents the text of a column.
The following code creates two button columns:
<Columns>
<ASP:ButtonColumn
CommandName="Yes"
ButtonType=LinkButton
Text="Select">
</ASP:ButtonColumn> ISBN:1590590732
Apress
<ASP:ButtonColumn 2003 (928 pages)
CommandName="No"
Text="UnSelect">
</ASP:ButtonColumn>
ADO.NET.
</Columns>
Table of Contents
The next step is to handle the button click event. The following code adds an ItemCommand event
Introduction
handler1 to-aADO.NET
Chapter DataGrid control:
Basics
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
<ASP:DataGrid in DisconnectedOnItemCommand="dtGridItem"
id="dtGrid" Environments runat="server">
Now you'll change the format of the row clicked in a DataGrid control. Listing 16-22 shows the event
handler of the button click. As you can see from this listing, you find out what command name was clicked
and set the row's format accordingly.
Chapter
Listing916-22:
The ButtonColumn Click Event Handler
Sub dtGridItem(obj as Object, args as DataGridCommandEventArgs)
If (args.CommandName = "Yes") Then
args.Item.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Gray
Chapterargs.Item.ForeColor
= System.Drawing.Color.White
Chapterargs.Item.Font.Name
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml =Web Services
"tahoma"
Chapter
Else 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapterargs.Item.BackColor
= System.Drawing.Color.Black
Chapterargs.Item.ForeColor
= System.Drawing.Color.LightSteelBlue
Chapterargs.Item.Font.Name
= "verdana"
End If
End Sub
This DataGrid control looks like Figure 16-15 with the button columns. When you click the Select or
UnSelect link button, you see the changes in the selected row.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 16-15: ADataGrid control with button columns

Listing 16-23 shows the complete code.
by Maheshwith
Listing 16-23: DataGrid Chand and David
Button Talbot
Columns ISBN:1590590732
<html> namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Sub Page_Load(sender As Object, e As EventArgs)
Table of Contents
FillDataGrid()
End If
Introduction
End SUb
Chapter
Sub2 FillDataGrid()
Chapter
Dim3 conn
As SqlConnection
Chapter 4 Dim
adapter Environments
As SqlDataAdapter
Chapter 5 dim
- Handling ADO.NET Events = _
connectionString
Chapter 6 "Data
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET Catalog=Northwind;" & _
Source=MCB;Initial
Chapter 7 "user
- Data id=sa;password=;"
Chapter 8 conn = new and
- Constraints SqlConnection(connectionString)
Data Relations
Chapter 9 conn.Open()
dim
Chapter 10 sql =with
- Working "SELECT * .NET
the ODBC FROM Categories"
Data Provider
adapter
Chapter 11 = new SqlDataAdapter(sql,
- Stored Procedures and Views conn)
adapter.Fill(ds)
dtGrid.DataBind()
End Sub
Chapter
Sub17dtGridItem(obj
- Building Real-World
asWeb Applications
Object, args as DataGridCommandEventArgs)
ChapterIf
18 (args.CommandName
= in .NET
"Yes") Then
args.Item.BackColor Considerations and Data Binding
= System.Drawing.Color.Gray
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and =
args.Item.ForeColor ADO.NET
System.Drawing.Color.White
args.Item.Font.Name = "tahoma"
ChapterElse
args.Item.BackColor
Appendix A = System.Drawing.Color.Black
args.Item.ForeColor
Appendix B = System.Drawing.Color.LightSteelBlue
args.Item.Font.Name
Appendix C = Questions
- ADO.NET Frequently Asked "verdana"
End If
Index
End
List of Sub
Figures
</script>
List of Tables
<body>
List of Listings
<form id="Form1" runat="server">
List of Sidebars
<ASP:DataGrid id="dtGrid" HeaderStyle-BackColor="#003366"
HeaderStyle-Font-Bold="True" HeaderStyle-Font-Name="verdana"
HeaderStyle-ForeColor="white" HeaderStyle-Font-Size="10"
ItemStyle-BackColor="black" ItemStyle-Font-Name="verdana"
ItemStyle-Font-Size="8" ItemStyle-ForeColor="#ffcc33"
AlternatingItemStyle-BackColor="LightSteelBlue"
AlternatingItemStyle-ForeColor="black"
FooterStyle-BackColor="#ffff99" FooterStyle-Font-Name="tahoma"
FooterStyle-Font-Size="6" FooterStyle-Font-Italic="True"
EditItemStyle-BackColor="red" EditItemStyle-Font-Size="8"
EditItemStyle-ForeColor="#ccffff" ShowHeader="True"
ShowFooter="True" OnItemCommand="dtGridItem" runat="server">
<Columns>
<ASP:ButtonColumn
CommandName="Yes" ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
ButtonType=LinkButton pages)
Text="Select">
</ASP:ButtonColumn>
<ASP:ButtonColumn
CommandName="No"
ADO.NET.
Text="UnSelect">
Table of Contents
</ASP:ButtonColumn>
</Columns> Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
</ASP:DataGrid>
Chapter</form>
1 - ADO.NET Basics
</body>
</html>
Using7 a -DataGrid
Chapter Data BindingControl with
and Windows Template
Forms Columns
Data-Bound Controls
Templates are one of the ways to customize DataGrid columns. The TemplateColumn class
represents a template column in a DataGrid control. A template column allows you to customize a
column's layout.
Similar12
Chapter to other column
- Oracle, classes,
SQLXML, this class
and Other .NETalso
Datainherits from the DataGridColumn class. Besides the
Providers
functionality
Chapter provided by
13 - Developing Custom Data Providerthis class provides properties to set the layout of header,
a DataGridColumn,
footer, 14
Chapter item, and edit items
- Developing of theWeb
Database control. The HeaderTemplate,
Applications using ASP.NET FooterTemplate.ItemTemplate,
andEditItemTemplate
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET properties
in Xml Webprovide the custom appearance of the header, footer, items, and
Services
items that
Chapter 16 -are being edited
ASP.NET Server (respectively).
For example, Listing 16-24 creates a TemplateColumn and sets its ItemTemplate,
HeaderTemplate, and FooterTemplates properties.
Chapter
Listing20 - COMUsing
16-24: Interoperability
Templateand ADO.NET
Columns
<Columns>
<ASP:TemplateColumn>
<ItemTemplate>
Index <FONT face="verdana" size="2">
List of Figures
<BR>
List of Tables<B>Category ID: </B>
List of Listings
<BR>
List of Sidebars
<B>Category Name: </B>
<BR>
<B>Description: </B>
<BR>
</FONT>
</ItemTemplate>
<HeaderTemplate>
<font face="verdana" size="3">
DataGrid with Template Columns
</font>
</HeaderTemplate>
<FooterTemplate> ISBN:1590590732
<font face="verdana" size="2">DataGrid Footer </font>
</FooterTemplate>
</ASP:TemplateColumn>
</Columns> namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure 16-16 shows the result of using template columns.
Introduction
Figure 16-16: Using template columns
Chapter
Listing 15 - Using
16-25 ADO.NET
shows in Xml Web
the complete Services
code.
Listing17
Chapter 16-25: Using
- Building Template
Real-World Columns
Web in a DataGrid Control
Applications
Chapter 19 - Mapped
<%@ Import Objects: Performance Considerations
Namespace="System.Data" %> and Data Binding
<%@ Import
Chapter 20 - COMNamespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
Interoperability and ADO.NET %>
<html>
<script
Chapter language="VB"
22 - SQL runat="server">
Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Sub APage_Load(sender
Appendix - Relational Databases:As Object,
Some e As EventArgs)
Basic Concepts
IfB Not
Appendix IsPostBack
- Commonly Then
Used SQL Statements
FillDataGrid()
End If
Index
End SUb
List of Figures
List of Tables
Sub FillDataGrid()
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter
"Data Source=MCB;Initial Catalog=Northwind;" & _
"user id=sa;password=;"
conn.Open()
adapter.Fill(ds)
dtGrid.DataBind()
End Sub
</script> Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
<body> by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
<form id="Form1" runat="server">pages)
This text provides
<ASP:DataGrid extensive coverage
id="dtGrid" of ADO.NET technology
HeaderStyle-BackColor="#003366"
HeaderStyle-ForeColor="white"
namespaces and classes, and how HeaderStyle-Font-Size="10"
ItemStyle-BackColor="black"
ADO.NET. ItemStyle-Font-Name="verdana"
AlternatingItemStyle-BackColor="LightSteelBlue"
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 EditItemStyle-BackColor="red"
- ADO.NET Basics EditItemStyle-Font-Size="8"
Chapter 2 EditItemStyle-ForeColor="#ccffff"
Chapter 3 ShowHeader="True"
- ADO.NET in Disconnected ShowFooter="True"
Environments
Chapter 4 AutoGenerateColumns="False"
- ADO.NET in Connected Environmentsrunat="server">
Chapter 5 -<Columns>
Chapter 7 - Data <ASP:TemplateColumn>
Chapter 8
<ItemTemplate>
<FONT face="verdana" size="2">
<BR>
<B>Category ID: </B>
<BR>
Chapter 13 - Developing<B>Category
Name: </B>
Chapter 14 - Developing<%#Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "CategoryName")%>
<BR>in Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data</B>
<B>Description: Binding
<BR> Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 - Mapped </FONT>
Chapter 20 - COM </ItemTemplate>
<HeaderTemplate>
<font
Chapter 22 - SQL Server face="verdana"
and ADO.NET: size="3">
DataGrid
Appendix A - Relational Databases:with
Some Template Columns
Basic Concepts
</font>
</HeaderTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
Index
<font face="verdana" size="2">DataGrid Footer </font>
List of Figures
</FooterTemplate>
List of Tables
</ASP:TemplateColumn>
List of Listings
</Columns>
List of Sidebars
</ASP:DataGrid>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Creating an Editable DataGrid

Writing an editable DataGrid is one more useful feature of a DataGrid control. You allow users to add,
delete, edit, and save changes through a DataGrid control. Adding data to a DataGrid is pretty simple;
you don't need to use any special code. You simply use some TextBox controls to get input from the
user, construct a SQL statement, execute the SQL statement, and refill the DataGrid control. When you
need to delete some data, you can simply find out the primary key of the row you want to delete, construct
a SQL statement,byexecute
Maheshthe
Chand and David
statement, andTalbot ISBN:1590590732
refill the DataGrid.
Editing, in other words, is no
This text more extensive
provides difficult than addingofand
coverage deleting
ADO.NET the data. Unlike the Windows Forms
technology
DataGrid control, including ADO.NETDataGrid
the ASP.NET internals, namespaces, classes,
control doesn't have and
an edit mode. To make an ASP.NET
DataGrid control interfaces,
editable,and
youtakes
needatocomprehensive
add TextBoxlook at XML
controls and place them as the DataGrid items.
Once the user is ADO.NET.
done editing, you need to provide a mechanism to read the data from the TextBox
controls and then construct an UPDATE SQL statement, execute it, and refill the DataGrid with new data.
So, the
Table first thing you need to do is to provide some buttons for the DataGrid control, which can set a
of Contents
DataGrid
Applied in editable mode.
ADO.NETBuilding You canSolutions
Data-Driven do this with the help of EditCommand columns. The
EditCommand column adds an Edit button to the DataGrid control. When you click the Edit button, it
Introduction
changes the control's current cells into TextBox controls and provides Update and Cancel buttons.
Chapter 2 - Data Componentsclass
TheEditCommandColumn in Visual Studio .NET
represents an EditCommand column. This class provides properties
Chapter 3 ButtonType,
including - ADO.NET in Disconnected
CancelText, Environments
EditText, and UpdateText. The ButtonType property
Chapter 4 - whether
represents ADO.NETthe
in Connected
buttons areEnvironments
hyperlink buttons or push buttons. The CancelText,EditText, and
UpdateText ADO.NET
properties Events
represent the text of the Cancel, Edit, and Update buttons. For example, the
following
Chapter 6 code sets the XML
- Integrating with ADO.NET
EditCommandColumn properties:
<asp:EditCommandColumn
ButtonType="LinkButton"
UpdateText="Save"
CancelText="Cancel"
EditText="Edit">
<ItemStyle
Chapter Font-Names="verdana"
13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider ForeColor="White"
BackColor="Red">
</ItemStyle>
</asp:EditCommandColumn>
TheDataGrid Mapping
control with an in .NET
EditCommandColumn looks like Figure 16-17.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 16-17: DataGrid with EditCommandColumn
If you click the Edit button, the current row of the DataGrid will have TextBoxcontrols and the Edit
button will be replaced with Save and Cancel buttons, as shown in Figure 16-18.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 2 - 16-18: DataGridinwith
Data Components Save
Visual and .NET
Studio Cancel options
Chapter 4 You
Note - ADO.NET in Connected
can change the textEnvironments
of the Update and Cancel buttons by setting the EditText,
Chapter 5 UpdateText,
and CancelText properties.
After setting
Chapter 7 - Datathe EditCommandColumn properties,
Binding and Windows Forms you need
Data-Bound to write the button click event handlers. The
Controls
OnCancelCommand,
Chapter and Data Relations and OnEditCommand methods of the DataGrid control are
OnUpdateCommand,
8 - Constraints
responsible
Chapter for raisingException
9 - ADO.NET the Cancel, Update, and Edit button click events, respectively. The following code
Handling
adds event
Chapter 10 - handlers for these
Working with commands:
OnCancelCommand="dtGridCancel"
OnUpdateCommand="dtGridUpdate"
OnEditCommand="dtGridEdit"
Chapter
Now you 17need
to write the codeWeb Applications
for these command handlers. Editing in a DataGrid control works in a
Chapter
similar 18
way- to
Object-Relational
the DataListMapping
control.inListing
.NET 16-26 shows the complete code of an editable DataGrid.
Listing20
Chapter 16-26:
- COMEditableDataGrid
Chapter 22 - SQLNamespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
<%@ Import Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance %>
Appendix
<HTML>B - Commonly Used SQL Statements
Appendix
<HEAD>C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index <title>Editable DataGrid Sample</title>
List of Figures
Shared
List ConnectionString As String = "user id=sa;password=;" & _
of Tables
List of Listings
"Data Source=MCB;"
List of Sidebars
Shared conn As SqlConnection = Nothing
Shared adapter As SqlDataAdapter = Nothing
Shared sql As String = Nothing
Shared cmd as SqlCommand = Nothing
Shared ds as DataSet = Nothing

'Put user code to initialize the page here
FillDataGrid()
End If
End Sub
' FillDataGrid by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
method ISBN:1590590732
Apress
Private Sub FillDataGrid() 2003 (928 pages)
conn = New ThisSqlConnection(ConnectionString)
including
If conn.State <> ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes,
ConnectionState.Closed Thenand
conn.Open()
End If ADO.NET.
sql = "SELECT * FROM Categories"
ds = New DataSet()
Table ofadapter
Contents = New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Appliedadapter.Fill(ds)
Introduction
dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
ChapterdtGrid.DataBind()
1 - ADO.NET Basics
ChapterIf 2 conn.State
ChapterEnd4 -If ADO.NET in Connected Environments
End5 Sub
' EditCommand
Chapter 6 - Integratingevent
XML with handler
ADO.NET
Sub7 dtGridEdit(obj
Chapter as Object,
- Data Binding and Windows Forms args as DataGridCommandEventArgs)
Data-Bound Controls
dtGrid.EditItemIndex
= args.Item.ItemIndex
FillDataGrid()
End Sub
' UpdateCommand Event handler
Sub dtGridUpdate(obj as Object, args as DataGridCommandEventArgs)
Dim catId as Integer
ChapterDim13 -strName
Developingas a Custom
String Data Provider
ChapterDim14 -strDes
Developing Database
as String Web Applications using ASP.NET
ChapterDim15 -catNameTextBox
as TextBox
ChapterDim16 -desTextBox
ASP.NET Serveras Controls
TextBoxData Binding
and
Chapter'17 - Building Real-World
Read text from text Web Applications
boxes
ChaptercatId
= dtGrid.DataKeys(args.Item.ItemIndex)
ChaptercatNameTextBox
19 - Mapped Objects: = Performance
args.Item.Cells(1).Controls(0)
ChapterdesTextBox = args.Item.Cells(2).Controls(0)
ChapterstrName = catNameTextBox.Text
21 - Messaging
ChapterstrDes
22 - SQL=Server
desTextBox.Text
Appendix' AConstruct an UPDATE
- Relational Databases: SomeSQL statement
Basic Concepts
sql = "UPDATE Categories
SET CategoryName=@catName, " & _
" Description=@desc WHERE CategoryID=@id"
' Construct a SqlCommand
Index
cmd = new SqlCommand(sql, conn)
List of Figures
' Add parameters to the command with the values
List of Tables
' read from text boxes and category ID
List of Listings
cmd.Parameters.Add("@id", catId)
List of Sidebars
cmd.Parameters.Add("@catName", strName)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@desc", strDes)
conn.Open()
' Execute SQL statement
conn.Close()
' Close editing mode of DataGrid
dtGrid.EditItemIndex = -1
' Refill DataGrid with the updated data
FillDataGrid()
' CancelCommandby MaheshEvent
Chandhandler
Sub dtGridCancel(obj aspages)
Apress 2003 (928 Object, args as DataGridCommandEventArgs)
dtGrid.EditItemIndex = -1
FillDataGrid()
End Sub interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
' Sort Event namespaces
handler and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Sub dtGridSort(obj as Object, args as DataGridSortCommandEventArgs)
Dim sortExpr as String
Table of Contents
If conn.State <> ConnectionState.Closed Then
conn.Open()
Introduction
End If
' Get the column from SortCommand Event Args
sortExpr = args.SortExpression
' Create a SELECT Statement with ORDER BY the expression
Chaptersql
4 -=ADO.NET
"SELECT in Connected
* FROM Environments
Categories ORDER BY " + sortExpr
Chapterds5 =- Handling
New DataSet()Events
ADO.NET
Chapteradapter
6 - Integrating
= NewXML with ADO.NET
ChapterdtGrid.DataSource
8 - Constraints and Data = Relations
ds.Tables(0)
ChapterdtGrid.DataBind()
ChapterIf10 conn.State
- Working with =theConnectionState.Open
ODBC .NET Data Provider Then
Chapter 11conn.Close()
ChapterEnd
12 -If
End14Sub
Chapter - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
</script>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<font face="verdana" size="4">Editable DataGrid Sample</font>
<br>
Chapter<form
runat="server">
<ASP:DataGrid id="dtGrid" HeaderStyle-BackColor="#003366"
HeaderStyle-ForeColor="white" HeaderStyle-Font-Size="10"
ItemStyle-BackColor="black" ItemStyle-Font-Name="verdana"
Index AlternatingItemStyle-BackColor="LightSteelBlue"
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
EditItemStyle-BackColor="red" EditItemStyle-Font-Size="8"
List of Sidebars
EditItemStyle-ForeColor="#ccffff" ShowHeader="True"
ShowFooter="True" OnCancelCommand="dtGridCancel"
OnUpdateCommand="dtGridUpdate" OnEditCommand="dtGridEdit"
DataKeyField="CategoryID" AutoGenerateColumns="False"
AllowSorting="True" OnSortCommand="dtGridSort" runat="server">
<FooterStyle Font-Size="6pt" Font-Names="tahoma"
Font-Italic="True" BackColor="#FFFF99"></FooterStyle>
<HeaderStyle Font-Size="10pt" Font-Names="verdana"

Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White" BackColor="#003366">
</HeaderStyle>
<EditItemStyle Font-Size="8pt" ForeColor="#CCFFFF" BackColor="Red">
</EditItemStyle>
<AlternatingItemStyle ForeColor="Black" BackColor="LightSteelBlue">
</AlternatingItemStyle>
<ItemStyle Font-Size="8pt"
namespaces Font-Names="verdana"
and classes, and how to integrate both with ForeColor="#FFCC33"
BackColor="Black">
ADO.NET.
</ItemStyle>
Table of Contents
<Columns>
<asp:BoundColumn DataField="CategoryID" ReadOnly="True"
Introduction HeaderText="ID" FooterText="Category ID">
</asp:BoundColumn>
Chapter 2 - Data Components in VisualDataField="CategoryName"
<asp:BoundColumn Studio .NET
Chapter 3 HeaderText="Category
- ADO.NET Name" FooterText="Name of Category">
Chapter 4 </asp:BoundColumn>
Chapter 5 <asp:BoundColumn
- Handling ADO.NET Events DataField="Description" HeaderText="Description"
Chapter 6 FooterText="Category
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET Description">
Chapter 7 </asp:BoundColumn>
Chapter 8
<asp:EditCommandColumn
ButtonType="LinkButton"
UpdateText="Save"
CancelText="Cancel"
EditText="Edit">
<ItemStyle Font-Names="verdana" ForeColor="White"
BackColor="Red">
</ItemStyle>Web Applications using ASP.NET
Database
</asp:EditCommandColumn>
</Columns> Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter 17
</ASP:DataGrid> Web Applications
Chapter</form>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Sorting
Appendix B -and Searching
Commonly inStatements
Used SQL a DataGrid
TheDataGrid control provides partial built-in support for sorting. The AllowSorting property's true
Index
value makes DataGrid columns link buttons, which can sort a column's values. The OnSortCommand
List of Figures
method raises the sort event of the control. The following code activates the sorting in a DataGrid:
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
AllowSorting="True"
OnSortCommand="dtGridSort"
runat="server">
</ASP:DataGrid>
TheOnSortCommand handler provides sorting data as the name of the column by using
DataGridSortCommandEventArgs.SortExpression, as shown in the following code:
' Sort Event handler

Dim sortExpr as String
sortExpr = args.SortExpression
FillDataGrid(sortExpr)
interfaces,
Note The default and
sorting takes
order is aascending.
comprehensive
If youlook
wantattoXML
provide descending order, you need to
construct an ORDER
ADO.NET. BY query with a DESCENDING option.
Once you know the column, you can simply construct an ORDER BY query and refill the data in the
control.
Table Listing 16-27 shows the complete code for sorting in a DataGrid control.
of Contents
Listing 16-27: Implementing Sorting in a DataGrid Control
Introduction
<%@ Import
Chapter 2 - DataNamespace="System.Data.SqlClient"
Components in Visual Studio .NET %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Data"
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments %>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>Editable DataGrid Sample</title>
Shared ConnectionString As String = "user id=sa;password=;" & _
"Data Source=MCB;"
Shared conn As withSqlConnection
the ODBC .NET Data= Provider
Nothing
Shared adapter As SqlDataAdapter = Nothing
Shared sql As SQLXML,
Stringand =Other .NET Data Providers
Nothing
Shared a Custom Data =
cmd as SqlCommand Provider
Nothing
Shared Database =Web
ds as DataSet Applications using ASP.NET
Nothing
Private
Chapter Sub Page_Load(ByVal
16 - ASP.NET sender
Server Controls and Data As System.Object, _
Binding
ByVal
Chapter 17 -eBuilding
As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Chapter'Put user code toMapping
18 - Object-Relational initialize
in .NET the page here
ChapterIf
19 Not IsPostBack
- Mapped Then
Chapter FillDataGrid("")
End If
End Sub
' FillDataGrid method
Private Sub FillDataGrid(str as String)
Index If conn.State <> ConnectionState.Closed Then
List of Figures
conn.Open()
List of Tables
End If
List of Listings
if str = "" Then
List of Sidebarssql = "SELECT * FROM Categories"
Else
sql = "SELECT * FROM Categories ORDER BY " + str
End If
ds = New DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds)
dtGrid.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
dtGrid.DataBind()
conn.Close()
End If
End Sub
by Mahesh
' Sort Event Chand and David Talbot
handler ISBN:1590590732
This text
Dim sortExpr asprovides
String extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
sortExpr = args.SortExpressioninternals, namespaces, classes, and
FillDataGrid(sortExpr)
End Sub ADO.NET.
</script>
Table</HEAD>
of Contents
<BODY>
Introduction
<font face="verdana" size="4">Sorting in DataGrid</font>
Chapter<br>
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter<form
runat="server" Studio .NET
ID="Form1">
Chapter 3 <ASP:DataGrid id="dtGrid"
Chapter 4 AllowSorting="True"
Chapter 5 OnSortCommand="dtGridSort"
Chapter 6 runat="server">
Chapter</ASP:DataGrid>
</form>
</BODY>
Caution SQLXML,
You can't andtext,
use the Other .NET
ntext, Data
and Providers
image data types in an ORDER BY clause.
To implement
Chapter searching
14 - Developing in a DataGrid
Database control, you
Web Applications usingneed to read the name of the column and a value for
ASP.NET
which you're
Chapter searching.
15 - Using After
ADO.NET that Web
in Xml you can simply construct a SELECT..WHERE clause and refill the data.
Services
If you don't
Chapter 16 - want to sort
ASP.NET andControls
Server read data from
and Dataa Binding
data source, you can simply create a DataView control
from a 17
Chapter data source using
- Building a DataSet,
Real-World apply sort and filter criteria on a DataView, and bind the
Web Applications
18 - to
DataView
Chapter the DataGridMapping
Object-Relational control.in(See
.NETthe DataGrid and "Implementing Search in a DataGrid"
sections
Chapter 19of- Chapter 7 for more
Mapped Objects: information.)
Performance Sorting andand
Considerations searching works in both the controls in the same
Data Binding
way because it's done through ADO.NET. The only difference is the data binding.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Even though the Apress
data-binding concept
2003 (928 pages)in ASP.NET server controls looks similar to Windows Forms data
binding, they workThis
in totally different ways. Incoverage
text provides extensive this chapter, you learned
of ADO.NET the basic concepts of data binding
technology
in ASP.NET server controls and how to implement data binding in
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and simple and complex data-bound
controls. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Templates and columns play a major role in the formatting and data binding of controls. This chapter
discussed how templates and columns work in ASP.NET. We also discussed the various functionality of
theDataList and DataGrid ASP.NET server controls.
Table of Contents
In the next chapter, you'llData-Driven Solutionsdata-driven Web application using ASP.NET. You'll use the
create a real-world
Introduction
major data-binding concepts discussed in this chapter.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
17: Building Real-WorldISBN:1590590732
Web Applications
Apressthe
Chapter 14 discussed 2003 (928of
basics pages)
ASP.NET and how to write data-driven Web applications using
ASP.NET and ADO.NET. Chapter extensive
16 discussed data of ADO.NET
binding technology
in ASP.NET and ASP.NET server controls
and how to use these controls to develop data-bound Web applications.
In this chapter, we'll use the functionality discussed in Chapter 14 and 16. In this chapter, you'll see how
ADO.NET.
you can write a real-world online job board where candidates can post their resumes, recruiters can post
their jobs, recruiters can browse the available resumes, and job hunters can browse and apply for the
Table of Contents
available jobs on the site.
Introducing the Job Board Application Specifications

Introduction
The Online
Chapter 2 - Job
DataBoard is an ASP.NET
Components application
in Visual Studio .NET that allows users to post their resumes. Interface-wise,
the application
Chapter has three
3 - ADO.NET main modules:
in Disconnected login, resumes, and jobs. The login module is a simple page that
Environments
allows users
Chapter to log in in
4 - ADO.NET toConnected
the site. The resumes module allows users to post their resumes and view all the
Environments
available
Chapter 5 resumes in ADO.NET
- Handling the database.
EventsThe jobs module allows users to post their jobs on the site and view all
the available
Chapter jobs in theXML
6 - Integrating database.
with ADO.NET
Figure 17-1 describes the application architecture. As you can see from Figure 17-1, the first page the user
goes to is the login page. From there, the user either can log in to the site or can register if they aren't
Chapter
already9a registered
- ADO.NET user.
Exception
OnceHandling
user is logged in, there are four options: Post Jobs, Post Resumes, View
Chapter
Jobs, and View Resumes. ODBC .NET Data Provider
10 - Working with the
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 17-1: The Online Job Board application architecture

Understanding
Appliedthe Database
ADO.NET: Building Schema
For this application, we're
Apress using
2003 a pages)
(928 SQL Server database to store the user, resume, and job-related
information. To keep the application simple, coverage
This text provides extensive we've used only threetechnology
of ADO.NET tables: Job, Resumes, and Users. The
Job table has six including
columns ADO.NET
(see Figure 17-2).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 2 - 17-2:
Figure Data Components in Visual
Schema of the Studio .NET
Job table
Figure 17-3 shows the Resumes table schema, which has 10 columns. These columns store the
information about a candidate including a detailed resume.
Figure 17-3: Schema of the Resumes table
Chapter
Figure 18 - Object-Relational
17-4 shows the UsersMapping in .NET which has only three columns to store the user ID, password,
table schema,
Chapter 19 -address.
and email Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Index
Figure 17-4: Schema of the Users table
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
DevelopingApplied
the Online
ADO.NET:Job Board
Building Application
When you start the application,
Apress thepages)
2003 (928 first page is Login.aspx. When you create an ASP.NET Web
application, it adds WebForm1 as the first page
This text provides extensive of the of
coverage application. You can simply change the name of this
ADO.NET technology
page to Login.aspx.including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Creating the Login.aspx Page
ADO.NET.
TheLogin.aspx page allows users to enter their user ID and password and checks these against the
Table
dataof Contents
stored in the database. If the user ID and password are found in the database table, then you let them
Applied
see theADO.NETBuilding
available options.Data-Driven Solutions
Otherwise they need to register as a new user.
Introduction
TheLogin.aspx
Chapter 1
page looks like Figure 17-5. As you can see from this page, it has two TextBox
- ADO.NET Basics
controls, one Hyperlink control, five Button controls, two Label controls, and a StatusBar control.
When a user comes to this page, the buttons (Post a New Job, Post a New Resume, View Jobs, and View
Available Resumes) are hidden. These buttons are visible when user successfully logs in to the site.
Figure
Appendix C - 17-5: TheFrequently
ADO.NET Login.aspx page
Asked Questions
Index
Listing 17-1 shows the code for the Login button click event handler. Here you simply read the values
List of Figures
entered in the User ID and Password TextBox controls and check if these values exist in the database.
List of Tables
As you can see from this code, you create and open a connection, read UserID and Password from the
List of Listings
Users table by creating a SqlCommand object, and call its ExecuteReader method that creates a
List of Sidebars
SqlDataReader. You use only a single row because a single row will tell you whether the user exists in
the table. After, that if the user exists, you display the Post a New Job, Post a New Resume, View Jobs,
and View Available Resumes buttons and hide the TextBox,Label, and Hyperlink controls. You also
display a message in the StatusBar control, if the user is logged in or not.
Listing 17-1: Login Button Click Event Handler Code
Private Sub LoginBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles LoginBtn.Click
' Create and open a connection

If (conn.State <> ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Open()
Apress 2003
' Construct a SQL string (928 pages)
This text provides
sql = "SELECT * FROMextensive
Users coverage of ADO.NET technology
WHERE UserID='" + _
including ADO.NET
IdTextBox.Text + _ internals, namespaces, classes, and
"' AND Password
namespaces and = '" +and
classes, PassTextBox.Text
how to integrate both + "'"
with
' and fill it
ADO.NET.
Dim reader As SqlDataReader
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(sql)
Table of cmd.Connection
Contents = conn
reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SingleRow)
Introduction
If (reader.Read()) Then
PostJobBtn.Visible = True
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio
PostResumeBtn.Visible = .NET
True
ViewJobsBtn.Visible
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET = True
ViewResumesBtn.Visible
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments = True
StatusBar.Text
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events = "Logged In"
Label1.Visible
Chapter 6 - Integrating = False
XML with ADO.NET
Label2.Visible
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and Windows = False
IdTextBox.Visible
= False
PassTextBox.Visible = False
NewUserLink.Visible = False
LoginBtn.Visible = False
Else
StatusBar.Text = _
"Entera Custom Data Provider
a valid User ID and Password!"
Chapter End
14 - Developing
If Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter '
15 Close
the connection
Chapter If
16 -(conn.State
= ConnectionState.Open) Then
conn.Close() Web Applications
Chapter End
18 - Object-Relational
If Mapping in .NET
End Sub
When you click the New User? Register Here HyperLink control, it simply opens the Register.aspx
page. You do this by setting the NavigateUrl property of the HyperLink control as shown in Figure 17-
6.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 17-6: Setting the NavigateUrl property of a HyperLink control
The Post a New Job, Post a New Resume, View Available Resumes, and View Jobs button clicks simply
open new Web pages: PostJob.aspx,PostResume.aspx,DisplayData.aspx, and
Resumes.aspx, respectively (we'll discuss them in a moment). Listing 17-2 shows the code for these
button click eventApplied ADO.NET:
handlers. Building
As you can Data-Driven
see, the code uses Solutions
the Me.Response.Redirect method to
by Mahesh
open the new Web pages. Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Listing 17-2: TheThis
Button Click Event
text provides Handlers
extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Private Sub PostResumeBtn_Click(ByVal
namespaces and classes, and how to sender As System.Object,
integrate both with _
ByVal e AsADO.NET.
System.EventArgs) Handles PostResumeBtn.Click
Me.Response.Redirect("PostResume.aspx")
End Sub
Table of Contents
Private Sub ViewJobsBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Introduction
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles ViewJobsBtn.Click
Chapter 1 -Me.Response.Redirect("DisplayData.aspx")
ADO.NET Basics
Chapter
End Sub2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter
Private3 -Sub
PostJobBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ChapterByVal
e As System.EventArgs) Handles PostJobBtn.Click
Chapter 5 -Me.Response.Redirect("PostJob.aspx")
Chapter
End Sub6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Private
Chapter 8 -Sub ViewResumesBtn_Click(ByVal
Constraints and Data Relations sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling Handles ViewResumesBtn.Click
Me.Response.Redirect("Resumes.aspx")
End Sub
Creating the Register.aspx Page
Now you
Chapter 17add a new Real-World
- Building Web page Web
called Register.aspx to the application. This page reads the user ID,
Applications
password, and email address of the user. The page looks like Figure 17-7, where three TextBox controls
are used to enter the user ID, password, and email address. The Register button click action saves these
values to the database. The Back to Home Page button simply goes back to the Login.aspx page.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 17-7: TheRegister.aspx page
Listing 17-3 shows the code for both of the button click event handlers. As you can see from this code, for
theRegister button, you construct a SqlCommand using an INSERT..INTO SQL query, add
parameters and their values by reading from the TextBox controls of the page, and execute the query.
This query adds a new record to the Users table of the database.
Listing 17-3: The Register.aspx Code

Private Sub RegisterBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As Applied ADO.NET: Building
System.EventArgs) Data-Driven
Handles Solutions
RegisterBtn.Click
by
If IsValid Then Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
' Create a connection (928 pages)
conn = This
Newtext provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
SqlConnection()
conn.ConnectionString namespaces, classes, and
= connectionString
'Open connection
If conn.State
ADO.NET. <> ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Open()
End If
Table of Contents
' Construct an INSERT query with parameters
sql = "INSERT Data-Driven Solutions
INTO Users(UserID, Password, Email) " & _
Introduction
"VALUES (@id, @pass, @email)"
Chapter 1 cmd
- ADO.NET
= New Basics
SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Chapter 2 cmd.CommandType
- Data Components in=Visual Studio .NET
CommandType.Text
Chapter 3 ' -Add parameters
ADO.NET withEnvironments
in Disconnected values from text boxes
Chapter 4 cmd.Parameters.Add("@id",
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments IdTextBox.Text)
Chapter 5 cmd.Parameters.Add("@pass",
- Handling ADO.NET Events PassTextBox.Text)
Chapter 6 cmd.Parameters.Add("@email",
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET EmailTextBox.Text)
' Execute the query
Try
StatusBar.Text = exp.Message.ToString()
End Try
Chapter 13
' -Close
connection
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET Then
If conn.State <> ConnectionState.Closed
End If Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter 17
IdTextBox.Text = Web
- Building Real-World "" Applications
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping
EmailTextBox.Text = "" in .NET
StatusBar.Text
Chapter 19 = "Thank Considerations
- Mapped Objects: Performance you registring with
and Data us."
Binding
ChapterEnd
20 -If
End22Sub
Chapter - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Private Sub BackBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles BackBtn.Click
Response.Redirect("Login.aspx")
Index
End Sub
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating the Contact.aspx Page
The next page you add to the application is the Contact.aspx page. This page sends a message. As
you can see from Figure 17-8, you have TextBox controls for From, To, Subject, and Message. The
From box takes the email address you're sending the message from; the To box takes the email address
to which you are sending to the message. The Subject and Message boxes represent the title and the
message body of the email, respectively. The StatusBar control displays the status of the message.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 17-8: TheContact.aspx page
Chapter 3 -has
This page ADO.NET in Disconnected
only few lines of code Environments
for the Send Message click event handler, which is shown in Listing
Chapter 4 you
17-4. As - ADO.NET
can seeinfrom
this code, you simply create a MailMessage that represents a mail message
and set5its -From,
Chapter Handling and Body properties. After that we set SmtpMail.SmtpServer to the
ADO.NET Events
To,Subject,
server, 6from
Chapter which we're
- Integrating sending
XML the email. Our mail server is mail5.fiberspeed.net. You must
with ADO.NET
change7it to
Chapter your Binding
- Data email server.
Listing 17-4:
Chapter 9
Send Message Click Event Handler
Private
Chapter 11 -Sub SendMailBtn_Click(ByVal
Stored Procedures and Views sender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Chapter 12 -eOracle,
SQLXML, and Other .NETHandles SendMailBtn.Click
Data Providers
ChapterDim
14 -msg As MailMessage
Developing = New MailMessage()
msg.To = ToTextBox.Text
msg.From = FromTextBox.Text
msg.Subject = SubTextBox.Text
msg.Body = MsgTextBox.Text
SmtpMail.SmtpServer = "mail5.fiberspeed.net"
SmtpMail.Send(msg)
ChapterStatusBar.Text
= "Message recieved. We will contact you soon. "
Chapter
End Sub21 - Messaging
Creating the PostJob.aspx Page
Index
List
Now of you
Figures
add the PostJob.aspx page to the project. This page posts a new job to the job board. This
List of Tables
page reads the information related to a job and adds to the Job table of the database. This page looks like
List of Listings
Figure 17-9. As you can see from this page, there are five TextBox controls to read the company name,
List of Sidebars
description of the job, contact person, requirements, and job details.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 3 - 17-9:
Figure ADO.NET
Thein Disconnected Environments
PostJob.aspx page
Besides the TextBox controls, this page also has three Button controls and a StatusBar control. The
Post Job button click event handler reads data from the TextBox controls and adds it to the Job database
table.Listing 17-5 shows the code for the Post Job button click event handler. As you can see from this
Chapter 8 -simply
code, you Constraints and a
construct Data Relations using an INSERT..INTO SQL query, add its parameters, and
SqlCommand
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
execute the query. Exception Handling
Listing11
Chapter 17-5: The Post
- Stored Job Button
Procedures Click Event Handler
and Views
Chapter
Private13 -Sub
SaveBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal14 -eDeveloping Database Web Applications
As System.EventArgs) HandlesusingSaveBtn.Click
ASP.NET
Chapterconn
15 - Using
= New ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
SqlConnection()
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls =
andconnectionString
Data Binding
Chapter'17 - Building Real-World
Construct an INSERTWeb Applications
query with parameters
Chaptersql
18 -=Object-Relational
"INSERT INTO Job(Company,
Mapping in .NET Contacts, Description, " & _
Chapter"Requirements, Details,
19 - Mapped Objects: PostingDate)
Performance " &Data
Considerations and _ Binding
Chapter"VALUES
20 - COM (@comp, @cont,
Interoperability @req, @des, @det, @post)"
and ADO.NET
Chaptercmd
21 -=Messaging
New SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Chaptercmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text
' Add parameters with values from text boxes
cmd.Parameters.Add("@comp", CompanyTxtBox.Text)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@cont", ContactsTxtBox.Text)
Index
cmd.Parameters.Add("@req", ReqTxtBox.Text)
List of Figures
cmd.Parameters.Add("@des", DesTxtBox.Text)
List of Tables
cmd.Parameters.Add("@det", DetailsTxtBox.Text)
List of Listings
cmd.Parameters.Add("@post", _
List of Sidebars
SqlDbType.DateTime).Value = DateTime.Today.ToString()
' Open connection
conn.Open()
End If
' Execute the query
' Close connection
If conn.State <> ConnectionState.Closed Then
conn.Close()
End If
ClearFields()
StatusBar.Text = "Thank you for Job Posting"
The Reset Fieldsincluding ADO.NET
button simply internals,
clears namespaces,
the TextBox classes,
controls, and in Listing 17-6.
as shown
Listing 17-6: TheADO.NET.
Reset Fields Click Event Handler
Private Sub ClearFields()

Table of Contents
CompanyTxtBox.Text = ""
AppliedContactsTxtBox.Text
= ""Solutions
Introduction
ReqTxtBox.Text = ""
ChapterDesTxtBox.Text
1 - ADO.NET Basics= ""
ChapterDetailsTxtBox.Text
= "" Studio .NET
Chapter
End3 Sub- ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Private in Connected Environments sender As System.Object, _
Sub ResetBtn_Click(ByVal
ByVal
Chapter 5 -eHandling
ADO.NET Events Handles ResetBtn.Click
ChapterClearFields()
End Sub
The Done button click event handler redirects the browser to the Login.aspx, as shown in Listing 17-7.
Chapter
Listing12 - Oracle,
17-7: SQLXML,
The Done and Other
Button Click.NET Data
Event Providers
Handler
Private Sub DoneBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DoneBtn.Click
Chapter
End Sub17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Creating the PostResume.aspx Page
Appendix
The nextApage
- Relational
you add Databases: SomeisBasic
to the project Concepts
the PostResume.aspx page. This page allows candidates to
post their resumes to the Job board. This page looks like Figure 17-10. As you can see from this page,
Appendix
you haveC a- TextBox
ADO.NET Frequently
control forAsked Questions
the name, email address, resume title, address, and detailed projects
Index
handled of a candidate. The Education and Work Status combo boxes list the options for candidate's
List of Figures
education and work status. The Willing to Relocate radio buttons allow the candidate to set the option of
List of
whetherTables
he is willing to relocate.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 17-10: ThePostResume.aspx page
Now let's
Chapter 6 look at the code.
- Integrating XMLYou
withadd the options to the Education and Work Status combo boxes. Listing
ADO.NET
17-8 shows
Chapter the code.
7 - Data Asand
Binding youWindows
can see,Forms
the FillListBoxes methods add options to the combo boxes.
Data-Bound Controls
Listing 17-8:
Chapter 9
Adding Options to Post Resume Page
Private
Chapter 11 -Sub Page_Load(ByVal
Stored Procedures and Viewssender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Chapter 12 -eOracle,
SQLXML, and Other .NETHandles MyBase.Load
Data Providers
Chapter'Put user code
13 - Developing to initialize
a Custom Data Provider the page here
ChapterFillListBoxes()
End Sub
Private Sub FillListBoxes()
' This method adds selection data to list boxes
EduList.Items.Add("Master's Degree")
EduList.Items.Add("Bachelor's Degree")
ChapterEduList.Items.Add("Some
College")
ChapterEduList.Items.Add("2
21 - Messaging Yrs Diploma")
ChapterStatusList.Items.Add("US
Citizen")
StatusList.Items.Add("Green Card Basic Concepts
or Authorized to work")
StatusList.Items.Add("H1 Visa")
StatusList.Items.Add("Need Sponsorship")
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
The Post Resume button click adds the contents of the page to the Resumes table of the database. Listing
List of Sidebars
17-9 shows the code for this button click event handler. As you can see, you again create a SqlCommand
with an INSERT..INTO SQL query, sets its parameters by reading their values from the fields filled by the
user, and execute the query. This option adds a new record to the Resumes table.
Listing 17-9: The Post Resume Button Click Event Handler
Private Sub PostResumeBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PostResumeBtn.Click
' Construct an INSERT query with parameters
sql = "INSERT INTO Resumes(Name, Email, Address, Resume, " & _
"Title, PostingDate, Education, Status, Relocate) " & _
Applied
"VALUES ADO.NET:
(@nam, @mail, Building
@add, Data-Driven Solutions
@res, @tit, @post, @edu, @stat, @rel)"
by Mahesh Chand
cmd = New SqlCommand(sql, conn)and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
cmd.CommandType = (928 pages)
CommandType.Text
' Add parameters withextensive
This text provides valuescoverage of ADO.NET
from text boxes technology
cmd.Parameters.Add("@nam", NameTxtBox.Text) and
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes,
cmd.Parameters.Add("@mail",
namespaces and classes, andEmailTxtBox.Text)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@add",
ADO.NET. AddTxtBox.Text)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@res", ResumeTxtBox.Text)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@tit", TitleTxtBox.Text)
Table ofcmd.Parameters.Add("@post",
Contents _
AppliedSqlDbType.DateTime).Value
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions= DateTime.Today.ToString()
Introduction
cmd.Parameters.Add("@edu", EduList.SelectedItem.Text.ToString)
Chaptercmd.Parameters.Add("@stat",
1 - ADO.NET Basics StatusList.SelectedItem.Text.ToString)
ChapterIf
4 (RadioButtonList1.SelectedIndex
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments = 1) Then
Chapter 5 cmd.Parameters.Add("@rel",
- Handling ADO.NET Events "Yes")
ChapterElse
Chapter 7 cmd.Parameters.Add("@rel", "No")
End -If
Chapter 8 Constraints and Data Relations
' Open connection
conn.Open()
End If
' Execute the query
ChapterTry
ChapterCatch
16 - ASP.NET
exp AsServer Controls and Data Binding
Exception
StatusBar.Text = Web Applications
exp.Message.ToString()
ChapterEnd
18 -Try
Chapter'20
Close
- COM connection
ChapterIf
21 conn.State
- Messaging <> ConnectionState.Closed Then
conn.Close()
End
Appendix A -If
ClearFields()
StatusBar.Text = "Thank you for posting your resume."
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List
The of Done
Listings
button click event handler simply redirects the browser to the Login.aspx page, as shown in
List of Sidebars
Listing 17-10.
Listing 17-10: The Done Button Click Event Handler
Private Sub DoneBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DoneBtn.Click
End Sub
Creating the DisplayData.aspx
Applied and Resumes.aspx
ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions Pages
The next two pages we'll discuss display the available resumes and jobs. Add two Web pages to the
project called DisplayData.aspx and Resumes.aspx. The DisplayData.aspx page displays the
This
available jobs, and thetext provides extensive
Resumes.aspx coverage
page displaysofthe
ADO.NET technology
available resumes.
To display the data, you'll use the DataList control. (We discussed the DataList control and data
binding in Chapter 16.) The final DisplayData.aspx page looks like Figure 17-11. On this page, the
ADO.NET.
data is loaded when the page is loaded. The First Job, Previous Job, Next Job, and Last Job buttons move
to the first, previous, next, and last jobs, respectively. The Home Page button redirects the browser to the
Table of Contents
Login.aspx page.
Introduction
Figure 17-11: TheDisplayData.aspx page
Listing 18
Chapter 17-11 shows the complete
- Object-Relational code
Mapping for the DisplayData.aspx page. As you can see from this
in .NET
code, you
Chapter 19 -use templates
Mapped to format
Objects: and bind
Performance data to the template
Considerations items. The tag <ItemTemplate>
and Data Binding
displays20the
Chapter data.Interoperability
- COM (See Chapter and16 for more details about the DataList control and templates.)
ADO.NET
Listing 17-11: DisplayData.aspx HTML View
<form Bid="Form2"
Appendix method="post"
- Commonly Used SQL Statementsrunat="server">
<ASP:DATALIST
Appendix id="Datalist1"
C - ADO.NET Frequently style="Z-INDEX: 100; LEFT: 1px;
Asked Questions
Index POSITION: absolute; TOP: 115px" runat="server" ShowFooter="False"
List of
Width="494px" BorderWidth="3px" GridLines="Horizontal" CellPadding="4"
Figures
BackColor="White" BorderStyle="Double" BorderColor="#336666"
List of Tables
RepeatDirection="Horizontal" RepeatColumns="1" Height="200px">
List of Listings
<SelectedItemStyle Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="White"
List of Sidebars
BackColor="#339966">
<HeaderTemplate>
<FONT face="verdana" size="3"><B>.NET Jobs Listing</B></FONT>
</HeaderTemplate>
<FooterTemplate>
<FONT face="verdana" color="#996600" size="1">
DataList Control footer </FONT>
</FooterTemplate>
<ItemStyle HorizontalAlign="Left" ForeColor="#333333"
VerticalAlign="Top" BackColor="White">
</ItemStyle>
<ItemTemplate>
Appliedface="verdana"
<FONT ADO.NET: Building size="2">
by
<BR>Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
<B>Desciption ID:</B>pages)
This text
<%# provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Description") %>
including
<BR> ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
<B>Company
namespaces andName:</B>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Company") %>
ADO.NET.
<BR>
<B>Contact: </B>
Table of Contents <%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Contacts")%>
<BR> Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction <B>Requirements: </B>
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET <%# Basics
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Requirements") %>
Chapter 2 - Data <BR> Components in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET <B>Posting Date:
in Disconnected </B>
Environments
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET <%# inDataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Connected Environments "PostingDate") %>
Chapter 5 - Handling <BR> ADO.NET Events
<B>Job
Chapter 6 - Integrating XMLDetails:
with ADO.NET </B>
Chapter 7 - Data <%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls "Details") %>
<P>
<b>
<asp:HyperLink id="Hyperlink2" ImageUrl=""
NavigateUrl="mailto:jobs@dnjobs.com"
Text="Apply Now" runat="server" />
<asp:HyperLink id="Hyperlink3" ImageUrl=""
Chapter 13 - DevelopingNavigateUrl="Login.aspx"
a Custom Data Provider Text="Home Page"
Chapter 14 - Developingrunat="server"
/> using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using</b> ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
</FONT>
Chapter 17 -</ItemTemplate>
Chapter 18 -<FooterStyle
ForeColor="#333333" BackColor="White">
Chapter 19 -</FooterStyle>
Chapter 20 -<HeaderStyle
COM InteroperabilityFont-Bold="True"
and ADO.NET ForeColor="White" BackColor="#336666">
Chapter 21 -</HeaderStyle>
Messaging
Chapter</ASP:DATALIST></TD>
Appendix<p></p>
<asp:button id="Button1" style="Z-INDEX: 101;
LEFT: 1px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 91px"
runat="server" Width="107px" BorderStyle="Groove"
Index
Font-Names="verdana" Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="8pt"
List of Figures
Text="First Job">
List of Tables
</asp:button>
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
runat="server" Width="107px" BackColor="#C0FFC0"
BorderStyle="Groove" Height="26px" Font-Names="Verdana"
Font-Bold="True" Font-Size="8pt" Text="Home Page">
</asp:button>
runat="server" Width="115px" BorderStyle="Groove"
Text="Previous Job">
</asp:button>
Applied ADO.NET:
runat="server" Building Data-Driven
Width="105px" Solutions
BorderStyle="Groove"
Font-Names="verdana" Font-Bold="True"ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928Text="Next
Font-Size="8pt" pages) Job">
This
</asp:button> text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
<asp:buttonincluding ADO.NET internals,
id="Button5" namespaces, classes,
style="Z-INDEX: and
105;
LEFT:namespaces
328px; POSITION: absolute;
and classes, and TOP:both
how to integrate 91px"
with
runat="server"
ADO.NET. Width="102px" BorderStyle="Groove"
Text="Last Job">
Table of</asp:button>
Contents
Applied
</form>ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Now you'll
Chapter 3 -write codeintoDisconnected
ADO.NET load and navigate the data. Before you load the data, though, you define the
Environments
following
Chapter 4 variables:
Public
Chapter 6 -connectionString As String = _
"Data
Chapter 7 -Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=dnJobs;
Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls " & _
"user
Chapter 8 -id=mahesh;password=mahesh;"
Public
Chapter sql As Exception
9 - ADO.NET String Handling
= Nothing
Public
Chapter conn As
10 - Working withSqlConnection = Provider
the ODBC .NET Data Nothing
Public StartIndex As Integer = 0
Shared PageSize As Integer = 1
Shared CurrentIndex As Integer = 0
Shared TotalRecords As Integer = 0
Public ds As DataSet = Nothing
On the 17
Chapter page's Load Real-World
- Building event handler,
Web you call two methods: FillDataGrid and FillPartialData. The
Applications
FullDataGrid
Chapter method, shown
18 - Object-Relational in Listing
Mapping 17-12, fills a DataSet from the Job table. On this method, you
in .NET
also count
Chapter 19 -the total number
Mapped Objects: of rows in theConsiderations
Performance table and store them
and DatainBinding
the TotalRows variable, which helps
you keep
Chapter 20 track
- COMofInteroperability
the rows. and ADO.NET
Listing 17-12: The FillDataGrid and Page_Load Methods
Private
Appendix B -Sub Page_Load(ByVal
Commonly sender As System.Object, _
Used SQL Statements
ByVal
Appendix C -eADO.NET
As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
Index FillDataGrid()
FillPartialData(0)
List of Figures
End Sub
List of Tables
List of Listings
Private Sub FillDataGrid()
List of Sidebars
ds = New DataSet()
' Open connection
conn.Open()
End If
sql = "SELECT * FROM Resumes"
Dim adapter As SqlDataAdapter = _
New SqlDataAdapter(sql, conn)
adapter.Fill(ds, "Resumes")
TotalRecords = ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count
' Close connection
Applied<>
If conn.State ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
ConnectionState.Closed Then
by Mahesh

ADO.NET.
TheFillPartialData method reads data from the DataSet and creates a new DataSet based on
the current index of the row and the page size. In this program, you only read one row at a time. Hence,
Table of Contents
the page size is 1. After copying data into a new temporary DataSet , this method binds this new
Applied
DataSetADO.NETBuilding
to the DataList, Data-Driven Solutions
called ResumeList, as shown in Listing 17-13.
Introduction
Listing117-13:
Chapter The FillPartialData
- ADO.NET Basics Method
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
Private in Disconnected Environmentsstart As Integer)
Sub FillPartialData(ByVal
ChapterDim
4 -tempDs
ADO.NET As
in Connected
DataSetEnvironments
= ds.Clone()
ChapterDim
5 -iHandling
As Integer
ADO.NET=Events
0
ChapterDim
6 -range As XML
Integrating Integer = start + PageSize
with ADO.NET
ChapterFor
7 -iData
= start To Windows
Binding and range -Forms
1 Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8 Dim row As and
- Constraints DataRow = tempDs.Tables(0).NewRow()
Data Relations
Chapter 9 row(0) = ds.Tables(0).Rows(i)(0)
row(1) = ds.Tables(0).Rows(i)(1)
row(7) in Xml Web Services
= ds.Tables(0).Rows(i)(7)
tempDs.Tables(0).Rows.Add(row)
ChapterNext
ChaptertempDs.Tables(0).AcceptChanges()
ChapterResumeList.DataSource
21 - Messaging = tempDs
ChapterResumeList.DataBind()
End Sub
Index
Now, on the First Job, Next Job, Previous Job, and Last Job button click event handlers, you simply call
List of Figures
theFullPartialData method with a different index. As you can see from Listing 17-14, the First Job
List of Tables
button click event handler passes the current index as 0, and the Last Job button click event handler
List of Listings
passes the total rows minus the page size to read the last page. Similarly, the Next Job button click event
List of Sidebars
handler passes the current index plus the page size, and the Previous Job button click event handler calls
the current index minus the page size to the FillPartialData.
Private Sub FirstBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles FirstBtn.Click
CurrentIndex = 0
FillPartialData(CurrentIndex)
End Sub
Private Sub PrevBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PrevBtn.Click
CurrentIndex -= PageSize
Applied ADO.NET:
If (CurrentIndex < 0) Then Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh
CurrentIndex = 0 Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732

NextBtn_Click(ByVal
and classes, and how sender As System.Object,
to integrate both with _
ByVal e As ADO.NET.
System.EventArgs) Handles NextBtn.Click
CurrentIndex += PageSize
If (CurrentIndex >= TotalRecords) Then
Table of Contents
CurrentIndex = TotalRecords - PageSize
AppliedEnd
ADO.NETBuilding
If Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter
End1 Sub- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - Data
Private Components
Sub in Visual Studio .NET
LastBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Chapter 3 -eADO.NET
As System.EventArgs) Handles LastBtn.Click
ChapterCurrentIndex
4 - ADO.NET in = TotalRecords
Connected - PageSize
Environments
ChapterFillPartialData(CurrentIndex)
End Sub
TheResumes.aspx page displays available resumes. You again use a DataList control to display the
resumes. The final Resumes.aspx page looks like Figure 17-12. On this page, the data is loaded when
the page is loaded. The First Resume, Previous Resume, Next Resume, and Last Resume buttons move
Chapter 12 -previous,
to the first, Oracle, SQLXML, and
next, and Other
last .NET Data
resume, Providers
respectively.
IndexFigure 17-12: TheResumes.aspx page
List of Figures
List of Tables
Listing 17-15 shows the complete code for the Resumes.aspx page. As you can see from this code, you
List
useoftemplates
Listings to format and bind data to the template items. The <ItemTemplate> tag displays the
List of Sidebars
data. (See Chapter 16 for more details about the DataList control and templates.)
Listing 17-15: Resumes.aspx HTML View
<form id="Form2" method="post" runat="server">

<asp:datalist id="Datalist1" style="Z-INDEX:
100; LEFT: 14px; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 124px"
runat="server" Height="255px" Width="498px"
BorderWidth="1px" GridLines="Both" CellPadding="4"
BackColor="White" BorderStyle="None" BorderColor="#CC9966">
<SelectedItemStyle Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#663399"

BackColor="#FFCC66">
<ItemStyle by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
ForeColor="#330099" ISBN:1590590732
BackColor="White">
</ItemStyle>Apress 2003 (928 pages)
<ItemTemplate>
<FONTincluding ADO.NET internals,
face="verdana" namespaces, classes, and
size="2">
<BR> namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
<B>Candidate
ADO.NET. Name:</B>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Name") %>
<BR>
Table of Contents
<B>Title: </B>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Title") %>
Introduction <BR>
Chapter 1 -<B>Email:</B>
ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 -<%#Data DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Components in Visual Studio .NET "Email") %>
Chapter 3 -<BR>
Chapter 5 -<B>Address: </B>
Chapter 6 -<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Integrating XML with ADO.NET "Address")%>
Chapter 7 -<BR>
Chapter 8
<B>Education: </B>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Education")%>
<BR>
<B>Work Status: </B>
<%# DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Status")%>
<BR>
Chapter 13 -<B>Willing
to Relocate? </B>
Chapter 14 -<%# Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Relocate")%>
Chapter 15 -<BR>Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter 16 -<B>Requirements:
ASP.NET Server Controls</B>and Data Binding
Chapter 17 -<%# Building Real-World Web Applications
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "PostingDate") %>
Chapter 18 -<BR>Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 -<B>Resume Details:
Mapped Objects: </B>
Chapter 20 -<%# COM DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem,
Interoperability and ADO.NET "Resume") %>
Chapter 21 -/FONT>
Messaging
Chapter</ItemTemplate>
Appendix<FooterStyle ForeColor="#330099"
A - Relational Databases: Some Basic ConceptsBackColor="#FFFFCC">
</FooterStyle>
<HeaderStyle Font-Bold="True" ForeColor="#FFFFCC" BackColor="#990000">
</HeaderStyle>
Index
</asp:datalist>
List of Figures
<asp:button id="Button1" style="Z-INDEX: 101; LEFT: 17px; POSITION:
List of Tables
absolute; TOP: 101px" runat="server" BorderStyle="Groove"
List of Listings
Width="107px" Font-Bold="True" Text="First Resume"
List of Sidebars
Font-Names="verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
</asp:button>
<asp:button id="Button2" style="Z-INDEX: 103; LEFT: 124px;
POSITION: absolute; TOP: 101px" runat="server"
BorderStyle="Groove" Width="127px" Font-Bold="True"
Text="Previous Resume" Font-Names="verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
</asp:button>
POSITION: absolute; TOP: 101px" runat="server"
BorderStyle="Groove" Width="105px" Font-Bold="True"
Text="Next Resume" Font-Names="verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
</asp:button>
POSITION:Applied ADO.NET:
absolute; TOP:Building
101px"Data-Driven Solutions
runat="server"
BorderStyle="Groove" Width="102px" Font-Bold="True" ISBN:1590590732
Text="Last Resume" Font-Names="verdana" Font-Size="8pt">
</asp:button>This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
</form> including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
The code for filling data from the Resumes table to the DataList control and navigating through the
Table of Contents
resumes is the same as the code you saw on the DisplayData.aspx page for displaying a job. You just
Applied
need toADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
change the database Solutions
table name from Job to Resumes in the FillDataGrid method. The rest
Introduction
is the same. For more details, download the source code from the Apress Web site (www.apress.com).
Chapter 2
Creating the dnjHeader.aspx Page
Chapter 4 one
There is - ADO.NET in Connected
more thing left to do. Environments
To make the application a little more interactive, you'll design one more
page called
Chapter dnjHeader.aspx.
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events This page has an image and two HyperLink controls: Home Page and
Contact6 Us.
Chapter The HomeXML
- Integrating Page linkADO.NET
with simply redirects the browser to the Login.aspx page, and the Contact
Us link 7redirects
Chapter - Data the browser
Binding to the Contacts.aspx
and Windows page.
Forms Data-Bound This page works as a header of he job board.
Controls
That means
Chapter every pageand
8 - Constraints of the job
Data board application includes this page. Figure 17-13 shows the
Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NETpage.
dnjHeader.aspx Exception Handling
Chapter 22 - 17-13:
Figure SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notespage
ThednjHeader.aspx on Performance
To include the dnjHeader.aspx page, you use the INCLUDE keyword. The third line in the following
code includes the page to other pages. You want to make sure you change the path of the page to your
Index
application's path:
List of Figures
List of Tables
<HEAD>
List of Listings
<title>Resumes</title>
List of Sidebars

</HEAD>
Running the Application

Now you're ready to run the application. When you run the application, the Login.aspx page will be the
first page, which looks like Figure 17-14.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 17-14: The job board
Once you register and log in to the site, you'll see job and resume options. You can test the application by
posting a few resumes and jobs. After posting a few jobs and resumes, you can view the jobs and
resumes by using the View Jobs and View Available Resumes buttons. The View Jobs page looks like
Figure 17-15. You can use the buttons to move to the next, previous, first, and last job available in the
database.
IndexFigure 17-15: View Jobs page
List of Figures
List
The of View
TablesResumes page looks like Figure 17-16. You can use the buttons to move to the next, previous,
List
firstofand
Listings
last job available in the database.
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 7 - 17-16:
Figure Data Binding and Windows
The View ResumesForms
pageData-Bound Controls
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Improving and Modifying
Applied the Application
To keep in mind the size of
Apress this
2003 book
(928 and the chapter, we tried to limit the functionality of the Job Board
pages)
application. However, you can modify the existing
This text provides extensive application
coverage to build
of ADO.NET a Job Board application with some
technology
more user-friendly
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and application could be the following:
features. Some of the possible improvements to the
namespaces
Adding the latest andonclasses,
job listing and page
the home how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Adding the latest resume listing on the home page
Table of Contents
Adding a search feature that can search jobs and resumes based on keywords
Adding features such as a resume builder, search saves, personal pages, and other resources that
Introduction
can1 help
Chapter candidates
- ADO.NET to build their resume online
Basics
Categorizing jobs based on the state or country (if there is enough traffic on your site)
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress how
2003 (928topages)
build a real-world job application where employers can post their jobs
and candidates can post their resumes.
This text provides extensiveObject databases
coverage are quite
of ADO.NET useful in many situations, and as a
technology
developer there are
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and object databases as well as
quite a few situations when you need to deal with
relational databases.
ADO.NET.
In the following chapter, we cover object and relational database mappings. You'll learn the basics of the
object-mapped data model and how to create a simple video store application that allows users to load,
create, and alter videos in the library as well as check in and out videos. You'll learn how to create
Table of Contents
mapped objects as well as workarounds for common pitfalls and quirks found in ADO.NET that can
adversely affect your data model.
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
18: Object-Relational Mapping
in .NET
Relational databases treat data
interfaces, in terms
and takes of rows and columns,
a comprehensive and objects treat things in terms of arrays
look at XML
namespaces and mapping
and properties. Object-relational classes, and
(ORhow to integrate
mapping) boththese
bridges with two worlds so your code can look
ADO.NET.
like object code and still store itself in a relational database.
In this chapter, you'll create a simple object data model for a video store application. You'll learn how to
Table of Contents
create mapped objects as well as workarounds for common pitfalls and quirks found in ADO.NET that can
adversely affect your data model. Let's start by discussing why you may need to worry about OR mapping.
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
OR mapping providesBasics
three main benefits:
Encapsulation: This is one of the primary pillars of object-oriented design, and OR mapping extends
this concept to the database.
Identity:
Chapter A mapped
7 - Data object
Binding and has anForms
Windows identity. In concrete
Data-Bound terms it has a unique identifier. Most objects
Controls
that are
Chapter 8
not mapped to a database lack a real identity independent of the data presented to the end
user. Although it's possible to create an identity for the objects using hashcodes or a similar
methodology, mapped objects take this to the next logical level.
Behavior:
Chapter DataSQLXML,
12 - Oracle, in a database does
and Other notData
.NET haveProviders
behavior. By fusing the world of databases to software
code,
Chapter 13 -you have theaunique
Developing Customopportunity to define how your data should interact with your system in a
Data Provider
clean
Chapter 14 -and reusableDatabase
Developing way. Web Applications using ASP.NET
Visual Basic .NET (VB .NET) takes the partial support for object-oriented programming found in VB 6 to
the next level. By leveraging this expanded capability in VB .NET, you're presented with an opportunity to
create powerful Real-World
object systemsWeb
withApplications
persistence into a medium that allows for easy integration with other
Chapter
systems18and
- Object-Relational
a simple way ofMapping
reportingin on
.NET
that data.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Why Not Just Use
Applied a DataSet?
ADO.NET supplies you
Apress with a (928
2003 number
pages)of powerful objects including DataSet objects to provide a means
of accessing andThis
presenting
text provides but
data, these coverage
extensive objects fall
of short in situations
ADO.NET technology where you need to provide a
clear contract between the data and your object system. They also
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and fall short in situations when you require
interfaces,
complex validation, and
portability takes a comprehensive
between look atmediums,
multiple persistence XML or abstraction of data operation.
So, when does a ADO.NET.
programming problem require a clear contract to be defined between the data and the
code? A good example is a situation where the data provides a means of recording history that then
requires business logic to be applied to it before presenting it to the user or making a decision. For
Table of Contents
example, an order entry system requires that logic be applied to a user's entries before being stored into a
database to determine if the user can purchase the selected items. This is a prime candidate for object-
Introduction
relational mapping.
Chapter
Another2 situation
- Data Components in Visualcan
when OR mapping Studio .NET
really help is when you have the need to enforce complicated
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
data validation. in Disconnected
Databases Environments
support enforcing relations and null vs. non-null values, but they do not (in
general)
Chapter 4 have good support
- ADO.NET for complex
in Connected validation. For example, if you need to make sure the user has
Environments
provided
Chapter 5 at
- least oneADO.NET
Handling method of contact (such as a phone or email address), you can easily enforce this
Events
with a mapped
Chapter object. XML with ADO.NET
6 - Integrating
Many packaged applications need to be able to store the application data in multiple database systems
and even be able to support situations where the user purchasing the software has no database at all
(such as a flat text file). By keeping your application logic and data model in your objects, support for each
persistence medium is as simple as adding handling in the data access components. If you use direct SQL
Chapter 11 procedure
or stored - Stored Procedures and Views
calls throughout your code, you'll find portability a major problem.
The classic
Chapter view of ORamapping
13 - Developing involves
Custom Data abstracting a complex data model. A classic example is if you
Provider
have the
Chapter 14need to track Database
- Developing employees, salespeople,
Web Applications and
usingaccountants.
ASP.NET An employee is clearly the "base class"
for the 15
Chapter other typesADO.NET
- Using of employees. For example,
in Xml Web Services all employees have name information, but only sales
people16
Chapter have a sales Server
- ASP.NET territoryControls
code, and
and only
Dataaccountants
Binding have a CPA certification flag. You would put the
common
Chapter 17 parts in theReal-World
- Building EmployeeWeb
object (and related table in the database) and the task-specific information
Applications
in a related object (and related table in the database).
Chapter
In all of19
the- previous
cases, you'll find ORConsiderations and Data
mapping beneficial Binding an easily manageable system.
in creating
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedObject
ADO.NET:Databases
Object databasesApress
such as Objectivity/DB,
2003 (928 pages) Poet, and Matisse started appearing in the 1980s as a proposed
alternative to transaction-oriented
This text provides extensive database
relational management
coverage of systems. The idea was to treat data
ADO.NET technology
more intuitively asincluding
objects ADO.NET
(Customer internals, namespaces, classes, and instead of as a series of flat rows
and Invoice objects, for example)
interfaces,
that have to be stored and and
in tables takesrelated
a comprehensive
via foreign look
keys.at(For
XMLa good overview of object databases, see
Doug Barry's sitenamespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
at www.odbmsfacts.com/articles/object-oriented_databases.html.)
ADO.NET.
A simple way of thinking about object databases is looking at how you would create a simple program that
shows a list of all the users in your database.
Table of Contents
Applied
Using ADO.NETBuilding
SQL to get this dataData-Driven
from your Solutions
relational database, you would use the following statement:
Introduction
SELECT * FROM Users
Chapter 4 - then
You would ADO.NET
havein toConnected Environments
take the data returned from the query, transform it into objects in your code,
iterate through
Chapter a list of
5 - Handling users, and
ADO.NET display the results. This is a hard-nosed look at the problem; technically
Events
you can6 just
Chapter pipe the results
- Integrating directly
XML with out from the database, but in doing so you give up the encapsulation
ADO.NET
promised
Chapter 7 by object-oriented
- Data Binding and programming.
Using an object database, your code would look similar to the following statement:
Dim users As Users()
users = open('users').Load()
Chapter 14 -allDeveloping
For listing users, theDatabase Web Applications
object database using of
wins in terms ASP.NET
simplicity. The data is acquired, and it's already
an object with no need for a transformation to work with it. All you would need to do then is loop through
the collection Server
of users Controls and Data Binding
objects.
It gets a18lot- more
Chapter complicatedMapping
Object-Relational when you want to perform a "reporting" type of function on the database
in .NET
such as19getting
Chapter the total
- Mapped amount
Objects: of ordersConsiderations
Performance to be shippedand
on aData
future date.
Binding
In SQL you can use the following syntax:
SELECT sum(Amount) FROM OrderedItems WHERE ShipDate > GetDate()
Appendix
With an C - ADO.NET
object Frequently
database Asked
you would Questions
have to actually loop through all of the items in the OrderedItems
Index
collection and add each amount to the total. There are other options that different object database
vendors
List support for summarizing data, but the options overall are not as simple and consistent as they are
of Figures
withofSQL
List tables.
Tables
List of Listings
Ultimately, object databases never caught on for a variety of reasons. Some people feel strongly about to
List of Sidebars
say that object databases are inferior to relational databases, but in the end the marketplace has spoken
and the number of object databases in actual use in production systems is tiny.
So, although it's unlikely you'll ever run into a project that uses an object database, you can still work with
objects in your code that store their properties in a database transparently, which allows you to focus on
developing new functionality instead of worrying about breaking old code.
Why ObjectApplied
Relational
ADO.NET:Mapping?
OR mapping keeps the
Apress code
2003 in your
(928 application encapsulated and clean, and it makes it easy to manage
pages)
changes in the database. By building an OR coverage
This text provides extensive mappingofcomponent, your database logic will be
ADO.NET technology
encapsulated andincluding
hidden ADO.NET
away frominternals,
the rest namespaces,
of your system.
classes, and the logic of loading and saving your
Because
interfaces,
object rests entirely in the ORandmapping
takes a comprehensive
subsystem, thelookcodeat in
XML
the rest of your program uses only clean
namespaces
object-oriented code. and classes,
It also makes and how
it far easier to integrate
to make changes bothtowith
the database later without having to
ADO.NET.
alter every place you reference the data.
The core issue is short-term vs. long-term laziness. Using short-term laziness would probably put SQL
Table of Contents
queries directly in your Web pages and just use SqlDataReader objects to work with your data. Past the
initial implementation, this method makes your code hard to maintain. If you add a column to the
Introduction
database, you'll have to find every reference to that table in your application and update it. Also, as the
need to use the same table on multiple pages arises, you'll find yourself copying and pasting large
sections of code to get the same functionality on these new pages as well.
Long-term
Chapter 4 -laziness
ADO.NETmeans taking the
in Connected upfront time costs associated with building out the object relational
Environments
mapping
Chapter 5 for your table.
- Handling It will definitely
ADO.NET Events take you longer to initially produce these objects, but in the long
term it will
Chapter 6 -mean much XML
Integrating less with
work.ADO.NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating the Basic
Applied Design
ADO.NET: of the
Building VideoSolutions
Data-Driven Store Application
The OR mappingApress
technique
2003used in this chapter was inspired by a demo application from Microsoft intended to
(928 pages)
show best practices in .NET called Duwamish7.
This text provides extensive Downloading
coverage of ADO.NETDuwamish7,
technologyreading through the source code, and
truly understanding
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and better .NET programmer. It covers topics
how it works can really help you become a much
interfaces,
such as statelessness, and takes logical
OR mapping, a comprehensive look at XML and more. Download it from MSDN
three-tier structures,
(http://msdn.microsoft.com) and how for
by searching to integrate
Duwamish7.both with
ADO.NET.
Understanding the Basic Architecture

Table of Contents
Applied
Three ADO.NETBuilding
objects make up aData-Driven Solutions
mapped object. These are the data object, the mapped object, and the Data Access
Component (DAC). The DAC creates and fills the data object with data, then passes a single row of that data to
Introduction
create an
Chapter 1 instance of Basics
- ADO.NET the mapped object.
The data object is simply an in-code representation of the database table you plan on using for an object. In .NET
specifically, it's a subclassed DataTable or DataSet where you have defined what the columns names are as
well as the data types. The application outside of the mapping never uses this object directly.
The mapped XML
object uses with
your ADO.NET
data object to point to a particular row of the DataTable found in the data object
Chapter
and maps the column names from theForms
data object Controls property names. The mapped object is the
to easy-to-use
primary8interface
Chapter between
- Constraints andthe rest
Data of your application and your data.
Relations
The DAC is the glue that holds the data object and the mapped object together and persists the changes to the
database. The DAC defines what stored procedures or database queries are necessary to load, insert, update, or
delete your object's data from the database. Figure 18-1 shows the basic concept of OR mapping.
Figure 18-1: Basic concept of OR mapping
Creating the Database Design of the Video Store
Index
List
The of example
Figures for this chapter builds all of the data objects required for a simple video store application. It's
List of Tables
probably too much to consider it a complete video store because you're not actually tracking money and late fees,
List
butofit'll
Listings
do quite well to help you track your own video collection. It'll also come in handy if you have friends who
List of Sidebars
borrow videos from you and you need to remember whom you let borrow what.
The design of the video store database is simple. At the core of this application is the VideoTape table, as shown in
Table 18-1. The VideoTape table tracks only the title and description of the title in question. You could have quite a
bit more information about a particular title and even expand the application to track DVDs as well as video tapes,
but for this application, let's keep it simple. You can always expand this later to create a complete application.
Table 18-1: The VideoTape Table

COLUMN NAME Applied
SQL SERVERBuilding
ADO.NET: DATA TYPE
Data-Driven Solutions .NET DATA TYPE
VideoTapeID Numeric Decimal
Title Char
This text (50) extensive coverage of ADO.NET technologyString
provides
Description Text and takes a comprehensive look at XML
interfaces, String
ADO.NET.
The VideoTape table relates to the VideoCheckIn table (shown in Table 18-2) and the VideoCheckOut table
(shown in Table 18-3) to model what is checked in and out. It also relates to the Users table to track who
participated
Table in the transaction. The information tracked in each table is the VideoTapeID, the date it was checked
of Contents
in or out on, the user whoData-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding performed Solutions
the check in or out, and the user to whom it was checked in or out.
Introduction
Table 18-2:
Chapter 1
The VideoCheckIn Table
- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter
COLUMN2 - NAME
Data ComponentsSQL
in Visual StudioDATA
SERVER .NET TYPE .NET DATA TYPE
VideoTapeID
Chapter Numeric
4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments Decimal
CheckedInOn Events
Smalldatetime DateTime
CheckedInByUserID
Chapter 7
Numeric
Decimal
CheckedInFromUserID Relations
Numeric Decimal
VideoCheckOutID Numeric Decimal
Table 18-3: The VideoCheckOut Table
Chapter
COLUMN14 - NAME
Developing Database
SQL Web Applications
SERVER DATA using
TYPEASP.NET .NET DATA TYPE
VideoCheckOutID Numeric Decimal
VideoTapeID Web Applications
Numeric Decimal
CheckedOutOn Smalldatetime DateTime
CheckedOutByUserID
Chapter Numeric
20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET Decimal
CheckedOutToUserID Numeric Decimal
Appendix B -table
The Users Commonly
tracksUsed SQL Statements
the people involved with the system (see Table 18-4). In a real-world situation, you would
also provide Frequently
a Login table Asked
so that Questions
the people involved with the system can log in and an access control system
controls which users can actually check things in and out. Of course, to run a video store with this application,
Index
you'd
List also have to handle accounting and more, so don't get any ideas that this is a full-fledged application!
of Figures
List of Tables
Table
List 18-4: The Users Table
of Listings
List of Sidebars
COLUMN NAME SQL SERVER DATA TYPE .NET DATA TYPE
UserID Numeric Decimal

FirstName Char (20) String
LastName Char (20) String
We selected this particular application because it provides the opportunity to touch on many of the real-world
issues you'll run in to when attempting to create a scalable Web application using .NET. Some of the topics ahead
cover how to handle potentially large sets of data among dependant tables, how to manage the disconnects
between the database's handling of null values, and how .NET handles null values. Additionally, you'll see some
practical considerations to keep in mind when designing a scalable system with .NET.
Creating the DataADO.NET:
Applied ObjectBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
The data object represents
Apress 2003what
(928the table structure in the database is in your code. The data object is necessary
pages)
for type safety and to text
This provide a "bucket"
provides for your
extensive data.ofYou'll
coverage havetechnology
ADO.NET to create a data object for each object in your
database. You'll start by examining
including the VideoTapeData
ADO.NET internals, object, shown
namespaces, classes, and in Listing 18-1.
Listing 18-1: Thenamespaces and classes,
VideoTapeData and how to integrate both with
Object
ADO.NET.
Public Class VideoTapeData

Table ofInherits
Contents DataTable
Introduction
Public Sub New()
Chapter 1 -MyBase.New("VideoTape")
ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 -Me.Columns.Add("VideoTapeID",
Data Components in Visual Studio .NET Type.GetType("System.Decimal"))
Chapter 3 -Me.Columns.Add("Title", Type.GetType("System.String"))
Chapter 4 -Me.Columns.Add("Description",
ADO.NET in Connected Environments Type.GetType("System.String"))
End -Sub
Chapter 6 Integrating XML with ADO.NET
End Class
Chapter 10 -isWorking
This code with the
fairly simple. YouODBC .NETthe
declare Data Provider
VideoTapeData object as inheriting from the DataTable object.
Basically what you're doing is taking the functionality of the existing DataTable object and turning it into a custom
Chapter 12 -Inside
data type. Oracle,
theSQLXML, and Other
constructor, .NET
you call Data
the Providers
base class by calling MyBase.New to call the constructor of the
DataTable a Custom
object. The Datafor
constructor Provider
the DataTable object you're using in this example sets the table's name.
The rest
Chapter 15of- the constructor
Using ADO.NET insets
Xmlthe names
Web of each column as in the database and provides the .NET data types of
Services
each column. For example, the SQL Server data type Numeric is the Decimal object in .NET. The char and text
fields both map to the same .NET type, String.
The reason Mapping
for taking this extra step toin create
.NET a "typed" DataTable instead of using a regular untyped table is to
Chapter
add one19extra
- Mapped
layer Objects: Performance
of data integrity. Considerations
If a stored procedureand Data Binding
returns more fields than this data object can handle, an
Chapter 20be
error will - COM Interoperability
thrown immediately,and ADO.NET that you've altered the data returned by a stored procedure without
highlighting
Chapter
putting 21 - Messaging
proper handling for it in your code.
Creating the Mapped Object
The mapped object isFrequently Asked
the front-end Questions
object that your application will use to interact with the database. The purpose
Index
of this object is to translate the data fields from the data object into easily managed fields in your object. This
object
List is where you encapsulate the core logic of your object and what it's supposed to do.
of Figures
List of Tables
Wherever possible, you should make your stored procedures as, well, "dumb" as possible. If a stored procedure
List of Listings
has more logic than to save or get data, then there's likely a problem with your system design.
List of Sidebars
That said, sometimes it does make sense to put logic in your database where absolutely required for performance
reasons. A common example is in the security management of your system. There are some situations where the
security management part of your system needs to query across a large table and return only the results that the
logged-in user has the access to see. In this case it may make sense to put a subset of your security system's logic
in a subquery of your Select statement. Part of good design is knowing when to throw out an otherwise beautiful
design for performance reasons. Any time you do this, always take a careful look at your design and try to come to
a decision as to whether your design is flawed or this is just a sacrifice that has to be made for performance within
the context of the situation (see Listing 18-2).
Listing 18-2: The VideoTape Object

Public Class VideoTape
ProtectedApplied
data ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
As DataTable
by Mahesh Chand and
Protected index As Integer David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
This text
Protected Friend provides extensive
ReadOnly Property coverage of ADO.NET
MyData() technology
As DataRow()
including
Get ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Dim myRow()
namespaces Asand
and classes, DataRow = {Me.data.Rows(index)}
Return myRow
ADO.NET.
End Get
Table
End ofProperty
Contents
Introduction
Public Sub New(ByRef data As VideoTapeData, ByVal index As Integer)
Chapter 1 -Me.data
ADO.NET Basics
= data
Chapter 2 -Me.index
= index
Chapter 3 -End Sub in Disconnected Environments
ADO.NET
Chapter 5 -Public
Handling Function GetColumn(ByRef ColumnName As String) As Object
ADO.NET Events
Chapter 6 Return
- Integrating XMLdata.Rows(index)(ColumnName)
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 -End
Data Function
Public Function SetColumn(ByRef ColumnName _
As String, ByRef ColumnValue As Object)
data.Rows(index)(ColumnName) = ColumnValue
End Function
Chapter 13 -Public
Property Provider
VideoTapeID() As Decimal
Get Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
If (GetColumn("VideoTapeID").GetType() Is _
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data
Type.GetType("System.DBNull")) Binding
Then
Return -1
End If Mapping in .NET
Return
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: CType(GetColumn("VideoTapeID"),
Performance Considerations and Data Binding Decimal)
Chapter 20 - COM End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Decimal)
Chapter 22 - SQL ServerSetColumn("VideoTapeID", Value)
End Databases:
Appendix A - Relational Set Some Basic Concepts
End Property
Public Property Title() As String
Index
Get
List of Figures
Return "" + GetColumn("Title")
List of Tables
End Get
List of Listings Set(ByVal Value As String)
List of Sidebars SetColumn("Title", Value)
End Set
End Property
Public Property Description() As String

Get
Return "" + GetColumn("Description")
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As String)
SetColumn("Description", Value)
End Set
End Property
End Class Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
The constructor of the VideoTape object takes a VideoTapeData object and an integer as its arguments. The
object actually
VideoTapeDatainterfaces, holds
and takes the data, and the
a comprehensive lookinteger
at XMLindex passed-in tells this object the row in the
VideoTapeDatanamespaces
DataTable andfor whichand
classes, thishow
instance of the VideoTape
to integrate both with object is mapping.
ADO.NET.
MyData is a read-only property that returns the DataRow that this object represents. The data access component
uses MyData to get a reference to the VideoTapeobject's data. It was declared as a protected friend so that
Table of Contents
only other objects in this namespace can use it. The purpose of this is to hide this property from the rest of your
Applied
programADO.NETBuilding
and remove theData-Driven Solutions
temptation other programmers might feel in trying to use the your object's data directly.
Introduction
Each of1 the
Chapter object's properties
- ADO.NET Basics being mapped need the ability to get and set the values of the database field that
corresponds
Chapter withComponents
2 - Data their values.inTo helpStudio
Visual with this task, we've included two functions, GetColumn and SetColumn,
.NET
that allow
Chapter 3 the rest of the
- ADO.NET object's properties
in Disconnected to avoid having to use the complete ADO.NET syntax for referencing a
Environments
particular
Chapter 4 row and column.
- ADO.NET It's helpful
in Connected to just think of the columns involved. By saving what row is being
Environments
manipulated
Chapter as plumbing
5 - Handling that Events
ADO.NET specifies the particular row of interest in this object, you can greatly simplify your
code.
In the VideoTapeID and Windows
property, do youForms
noticeData-Bound Controls
the check to see if the value of the column is System.DBNull?
Chapter
This is 8an -interesting
disconnect between the database's view of values and .NET's. Because .NET's primitive
Chapter 9 - as
types such ADO.NET Exception
Integers, Handling
Decimals, Strings,DateTimes, and Guids are value types, they do not have a null
Chapter
state. 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
You can
Chapter 12see an example
- Oracle, of .NET's
SQLXML, lack.NET
and Other of null
Datavalues for certain types with the DateTime object. If you declare a
Providers
variable such as a DateTime and never initialize it with any given value, it's still given a value by .NET. The
following statement prints 01/01/0001 even though myDate was never initialized:
Dim myDate
Chapter As DateTime
Console.WriteLine(myDate.ToShortDateString())
Chapter 19 - Mapped object,
In the VideoTape Objects: Performance
take Considerations
a look at the checking it and
doesData Bindingthat a null pointer exception doesn't occur.
to ensure
In the getter of the property, a check is made to see if the type of the column is System.DBNull. If it is, then it
Chapter
returns21
-1 -toMessaging
indicate that the value is not initialized to your .NET program. Otherwise, it casts the type of the
Chapter
column to -aSQL
22 Server
decimal and
and ADO.NET:
returns Notes to
the result onthePerformance
calling program:
Appendix B -Public
Property VideoTapeID() As Decimal
Get Frequently Asked Questions
Index If (GetColumn("VideoTapeID").GetType() Is _
List of Figures
Type.GetType("System.DBNull")) Then
List of Tables Return -1
List of Listings End If
List of Sidebars Return CType(GetColumn("VideoTapeID"), Decimal)
End Get
SetColumn("VideoTapeID", Value)
End Set
End Property
The database meanwhile treats data that hasn't been given a value as null. This becomes a problem when you try
to move the content from the database into .NET because .NET needs to be able to represent the database's null
value to the rest of your application in a way that lets your application know that a column has not been initialized.
This includes things such as using -1 as a value for integers and decimals, an empty string for strings, and so on.
The trip back to the database compounds this problem. When the data is stored, if you have written a value to your
data object such Applied ADO.NET:DateTime,
as an uninitialized Building Data-Driven
an error willSolutions
occur. By handing these problems in the mapped
object, you'll make the rest of your program more reliable by preventing value checks throughout your code.
The two string fields
Thisbeing mappedextensive
text provides in this object are easier
coverage to handle.
of ADO.NET If the database has a character field, such
technology
as a Char or Text,including
that's ADO.NET internals,
null, it'll return namespaces, classes,
a System.DBNull andThe handling on the .NET side is easier than
object.
with other value types.
ADO.NET.
The following statement returns the value if there is one:
Table of Contents
Return "" + GetColumn("Description")
Introduction
If the column
Chapter 1
is null in the database, it returns an empty string because ""+calls the ToString method on the
- ADO.NET Basics
System.DBNull object. Either way, an acceptable .NET value is returned to the calling program.
Creating
Chapter 4 the Data
- ADO.NET Access
in Connected Component
Environments
The DAC's- responsibility
Chapter 6
is to fill your data objects with data from the database and create instances of your
mapped object. It does this by defining what stored procedures should be used to load and save your data and
makes them accessible to simple front-end methods. Once the DAC is done, the rest of your program will be able
to get and set your mapped objects just as easy as calling a simple method (see Listing 18-3).
Chapter
Listing10 - Working
18-3: with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
The VideoTapeDataAccess Object
Public Class VideoTapeDataAccess
ChapterPublic
connectionString As String using ASP.NET
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
adapter AsServices
SqlDataAdapter
ASP.NET Server
loadAll As Data
Controls and Binding
SqlDataAdapter
Chapter 18 -Public
Object-Relational
Sub New()Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance="Your
connectionString Considerations and Data Binding
Connection String"
adapter
Chapter 22 - SQL Server = New SqlDataAdapter()
Appendix A - Relational = New SqlCommand("ap_VideoTapeLoadByID", _
New SqlConnection(connectionString))
adapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
Index
adapter.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add _
List of Figures
("@VideoTapeID", SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "VideoTapeID")
List of Tables
adapter.InsertCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_VideoTapeInsert", _
List of Listings
List of Sidebars adapter.InsertCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@VideoTapeID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "VideoTapeID")
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Direction = _
ParameterDirection.Output
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Title", _
SqlDbType.Char, 50, "Title")
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@Description", _
SqlDbType.Text, 0, "Description")
adapter.UpdateCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_VideoTapeUpdate", _

adapter.UpdateCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
adapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add _
("@VideoTapeID", Talbot
SqlDbType.Decimal, ISBN:1590590732
0, "VideoTapeID")
This text provides
("@Title", extensive coverage of
SqlDbType.Char, ADO.NET
50, technology
"Title")
("@Description",
namespaces and classes,SqlDbType.Text, 0, "Description")
ADO.NET.
adapter.DeleteCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_VideoTapeDelete", _
Table of Contents adapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@VideoTapeID", _
Introduction
SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "VideoTapeID")
Chapter 2 - Data loadAll
Components
= inNew
Visual Studio .NET
SqlDataAdapter()
Chapter 3 loadAll.SelectCommand
- ADO.NET = New SqlCommand("ap_VideoTapeLoadAll", _
Chapter 5 loadAll.SelectCommand.CommandType
- Handling ADO.NET Events = _
CommandType.StoredProcedure
Chapter 8
End Sub
Public Function GetVideoTapeByID(ByVal vtID As Decimal) As VideoTape
Dim data As New VideoTapeData()
adapter.SelectCommand.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Value = vtID
adapter.Fill(data)
If (data.Rows.Count < 1)using
ThenASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
Return Nothing Services
EndServer
If Controls and Data Binding
DimReal-World
vt As NewWeb Applications
VideoTape(data, 0)
Return vtMapping in .NET
Chapter 21 -Public
MessagingFunction GetAllVideoTapes() As VideoTape()
Dim data
Chapter 22 - SQL Server As NewNotes
and ADO.NET: VideoTapeData()
on Performance
loadAll.Fill(data)
Return GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(data)
End Function
Index
Public Shared Function GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(ByRef data As VideoTapeData) _
List of Figures
As VideoTape()
List of Tables
Dim vArray(data.Rows.Count - 1) As VideoTape
List of Listings Dim i As Integer
List of Sidebars For i = 0 To (data.Rows.Count - 1)
vArray(i) = New VideoTape(data, i)
Next i
Return vArray
End Function
Public Function SetVideoTape(ByRef vTape As VideoTape)

adapter.Update(vTape.MyData)
End Function
Public Function RemoveVideoTape(ByRef vTape As VideoTape)

adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Value = _
vTape.VideoTapeID
adapter.DeleteCommand.Connection.Open()
adapter.DeleteCommand.ExecuteNonQuery() ISBN:1590590732
adapter.DeleteCommand.Connection.Close()
End Function
End Class including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
The constructor of the VideoTapeDataAccess object initializes the SqlDataAdaptersto use the stored
Table of Contents
procedures that handle the actual database access. The constructor initializes the Select,Insert,Update,
andDelete Data-Driven
stored procedures on theSolutions
instance called adapter, but only the Select statement on the loadAll
Introduction
instance.
The reason
Chapter for this
2 - Data is there are
Components in multiple ways.NET
Visual Studio you want to choose what data to get, but in the end there's only one
way to update it in that database. Both adapters
could have been fully initialized, but that would produce a large
amount of redundant code. By only initializing one adapter for updates, inserts, and deletes, you're avoiding
additional code that would needlessly slow down your program.
Chapter 6 - Integrating XMLmethod
TheGetVideoTapeByID with ADO.NET
gets one VideoTape object out of the database. It sets the @VideoTapeID
parameter on the stored procedure toForms Data-Bound
the value Controls
passed in and fills the VideoTapeData object with data. If the
database
Chapter 8 didn't find anyand
- Constraints records with the VideoTapeID passed in, then it returns Nothing, a null value. If there's
Data Relations
at least9one
Chapter record returned,
- ADO.NET it creates
Exception Handlingan instance of the VideoTape object and initializes it with the data it loaded
into the10
Chapter VideoTapeData object
- Working with the ODBCand sets
.NET theProvider
Data index to 0 so that the first record retuned is used by the mapped
object. 11
Chapter Because the
- Stored Video-TapeID
Procedures column is a unique identity column in the database, this stored procedure
and Views
should 12
Chapter never returnSQLXML,
- Oracle, more than
andone row.
TheGetAllVideoTapes method is much simpler. It creates an instance of the VideoTapeData object and
then uses the loadAll SqlDataAdapter to fill it. It then calls the GetVideoTapeArrayFromData method to
Chapter
turn the15DataTable
- Using ADO.NET
into aninarray
Xml Web Services
of VideoTape objects.
TheGetVideoTapeArrayFromData
Chapter method creates an array of VideoTape objects the length of the number
of results
Chapter 18 returned from the database
- Object-Relational Mapping inand loops through the results, creating an instance of the VideoTape
.NET
object for
Chapter 19 each row.Objects:
- Mapped As it goes through, it Considerations
Performance sets the index and
of each
DataVideoTape
Binding object to a different row in the same
result set.
Chapter 20 -InCOM
the end it provides the
Interoperability andarray of VideoTape objects to the calling program.
ADO.NET
The purpose of making the GetVideoTapeArrayFromData a separate method instead of simply putting this
code inline with the GetAllVideoTapes method is to provide this method to other objects that may be
Appendix A - to
attempting Relational Databases:
create instances of Some Basic Concepts
VideoTape objects. You'll see this put to work later in the
VideoCheckInCheckOut Statements
object.
If there are no video tapes in the database, it returns an array with no elements in it, not a null. This is, in general,
Index
good
List behavior for a DAC to have when it's expected to return an array of objects. In most situations the calling
of Figures
program
List will want to loop through however many elements are in the array, even if there are no elements. If the
of Tables
calling
List program wants to know if a null was returned, it can always check the length of the array to see if it's zero.
of Listings
In the
List end, returning a zerolength array should simplify your application's code.
of Sidebars
TheSetVideoTape object is amazingly short. It simply calls to update the row of the VideoTape object to the
database. It automatically selects which stored procedure to call and then executes it with the corresponding data.
If it was an insert call, the identity column will be automatically updated in the instance of the VideoTape object.
This comes in handy when writing the front-end code of the application. There are many cases where the user will
define the data for several related tables on one page, and you'll need a way to know the IDs of the related
columns in order to allow the user to edit the data properly.
The one-line update call really highlights one of the core ideas of .NET: Hide as much complexity as possible.
Your object builds on this principle to hide the rest of the database access functionality in your OR mapped
component.
TheRemoveVideoTape method actually uses the Delete command of the adapter directly. You could just
remove the row inApplied
questionADO.NET:
from the Building Data-Driven
VideoTapeData Solutions
object and then call Update, but doing so could lose the
isolation of the task to be performed. You would have to update ISBN:1590590732
the entire VideoTapeData set, which may
include changes Apress
that the calling
2003 (928 pages)
program doesn't want updated. This ensures that encapsulation is enforced and
only the row you This
wanttext provides
to delete extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
is deleted.
In most cases, it'sinterfaces,
a bad ideaand
to takes a comprehensive
actually lookthe
delete rows from at XML
database to remove an item from your application.
What you would normally
ADO.NET. do is have a deleted field on the table that's flagged so you don't have to worry about
maintaining your database's referential integrity or actually losing data. You would also modify your stored
procedures that load data into your adapters to not return rows that are flagged as deleted unless it's referred to
Table of Contents
directly by its primary key.
Introduction
Building the VideoTape Test Case
Chapter 2 - Data
It's important Components
to build in Visual
a test case for anStudio
object.NET
relationally mapped system. A test case ensures that your
component
Chapter does what
3 - ADO.NET init's supposed to
Disconnected do and ensures that none of your changes have broken existing code. Each
Environments
step of 4your
Chapter test caseinshould
- ADO.NET say what
Connected the expected output is and then show the output so that it's well marked in
Environments
terms of
Chapter 5 what it's supposed
- Handling to Events
ADO.NET do in order to compare the output. It's even possible to build automated test cases
that compare
Chapter these types
6 - Integrating XMLofwith
things automatically, but that's not required for this particular system.
ADO.NET
TheVideoTapeTestCase object will do the following:
1. Load
Chapter 9
a VideoTape object from the database and display what its data is
2. Change the title and description
3. Store
Chapter the object
12 - Oracle, in theand
SQLXML, database
4. Reload the object and display what its data is
Chapter 15 - Using
5. Restore theADO.NET
original in Xml Web Services
VideoTape data and store it
6. Load
Chapter all of the
17 - Building VideoTape
Real-World Webobjects from the database and show what each one is
Applications
Listing 18-4 shows the code for the test case.
Chapter
Listing20 - COM
18-4: Interoperability
The Test Case for and
theADO.NET
VideoTape Component
Imports VideoStoreDataModel.EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data
Module VideoTapeTestCase
Index Sub Main()
List of Figures
Dim vDAC As New VideoTapeDataAccess()
List of TablesDim tVTape As VideoTape
List of Listings
Console.WriteLine("Loading VideoTape")
List of Sidebars
tVTape` = vDAC.GetVideoTapeByID(1)
Console.WriteLine("VideoTape Loaded:" + tVTape.GetType().ToString())
DisplayVideoTape(tVTape)
Dim origTitle = tVTape.Title

Dim origDescription = tVTape.Description
tVTape.Title = "TestTitle"
tVTape.Description = "TestDescription"
vDAC.SetVideoTape(tVTape)
tVTape = vDAC.GetVideoTapeByID(1)
Applied ADO.NET: _Building Data-Driven Solutions
Console.WriteLine
by Mahesh Title=TestTitle
("After alteration. Chand and David TalbotDescription=TestDescription")
ISBN:1590590732
including ADO.NET
tVTape.Title internals, namespaces, classes, and
= origTitle
tVTape.Description = origDescription
vDAC.SetVideoTape(tVTape)
ADO.NET.
tVTape = vDAC.GetVideoTapeByID(1)
Console.WriteLine _
Table of Contents
("Restored to origional, should look like the first displayed VideoTape.")
Introduction
Chapter 1 -Console.WriteLine("List
ADO.NET Basics all VideoTapes")
Chapter 3 -Dim tVideos()
ADO.NET As VideoTape
Chapter 4 -tVideos
ADO.NET in=Connected
vDAC.GetAllVideoTapes()
Environments
Chapter 6 -Dim i As XML
Integrating Integer
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 -For
Data i = 0 and
Binding To Windows
tVideos.Length - 1 Controls
Forms Data-Bound
Chapter 8
DisplayVideoTape(tVideos(i))
Next
Console.WriteLine("Press Any Key To Quit...")
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
ChapterSub
13 -DisplayVideoTape(ByRef
tVTape As VideoTape)
Chapter 14 -Console.WriteLine("---------------------------")
Chapter 15 -Console.WriteLine("VideoTapeID:"
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services + tVTape.VideoTapeID.ToString())
Chapter 16 -Console.WriteLine("Title:"
+ tVTape.Title)
Chapter 17 -Console.WriteLine("Description:"
Building Real-World Web Applications + tVTape.Description)
ChapterEnd
18 -Sub
End Module
Figure 18-2 shows the VideoTape test case output.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 18-2: TheVideoTape test case output

Using the User
AppliedComponent
TheUser component and the VideoTape component are virtually identical from the design point of view. The
core requirements are the same-you want to be able to load one user record or all of them-and the basic data
structure of both This textisprovides
objects extensive
the same. coverage
The purpose of of
theADO.NET technology is to model the people involved with
User component
the application. The User isand
interfaces, thetakes
one who can check inlook
a comprehensive and at
out videos (see Listing 18-5).
XML
Listing 18-5: TheADO.NET.
User Object in the User Component
Imports
Table System
of Contents
Imports System.Data
Introduction
Namespace EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data
ChapterPublic
5 - Handling
Class ADO.NET
User Events
Data Binding and
dataWindows Forms Data-Bound Controls
As DataTable
index As Integer
Working with Friend
the ODBC ReadOnly Property MyData() As DataRow()
.NET Data Provider
Get
Dim myRow()
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, As DataRow
and Other .NET = {Me.data.Rows(index)}
Data Providers
Chapter 13 - DevelopingReturn
a CustommyRow
Data Provider
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New(ByRef data As UserData, ByVal index As Integer)
Me.data = data
Me.index = index
End Sub
Chapter 21 -Public
MessagingFunction GetColumn(ByRef ColumnName As String) As Object
Return anddata.Rows(index)(ColumnName)
Appendix A -End
Function
Appendix C -Public
ADO.NET Function
SetColumn(ByRef ColumnName As String, _
ByRef ColumnValue As Object)
Index
List of Figures data.Rows(index)(ColumnName) = ColumnValue
List of TablesEnd Function
List of Listings
Public Property UserID() As Decimal
List of Sidebars
Get
If (GetColumn("UserID").GetType() Is _
Return -1
End If
Return CType(GetColumn("UserID"), Decimal)
End Get
SetColumn("UserID", Value)
End Set
End Property
Public Property FirstName() As String
Get Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh""
Return Chand and David Talbot
+ GetColumn("FirstName") ISBN:1590590732
Apress
This textValue
Set(ByVal providesAs extensive
String) coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
SetColumn("FirstName",internals, namespaces,
Value) classes, and
End Set
End Property
ADO.NET.
Public Property LastName() As String

Table of Contents
Get
Return Data-Driven Solutions
"" + GetColumn("LastName")
Introduction End Get
Chapter 1 -Set(ByVal
ADO.NET Basics
Value As String)
Chapter 2 - Data SetColumn("LastName",
Value)
Chapter 3 -End Set in Disconnected Environments
ADO.NET
ChapterEnd
4 -Property
End Class
The User object is specifically designed to have as little logic as possible in it. As such, it has simple handling for
null values and the ability to use values from the data object.
Chapter 12 - types
The "verb" Oracle,
ofSQLXML, and Other .NET
actions concerning Data in
the user Providers
relation to the rest of the system belong in the business objects,
which you'll see later in the VideoCheckInCheckOut
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider component.
Listing 18-6 shows the UserData object in the User component.
Chapter
Listing16 - ASP.NET
18-6: Server Controls
The UserData Objectand
in Data Binding
the User Component
Public Class UserData
Inherits DataTable
Public Sub New()
MyBase.New("Users")
Appendix A -Me.Columns.Add("UserID",
Type.GetType("System.Decimal"))
Appendix B -Me.Columns.Add("FirstName",
Commonly Used SQL Statements Type.GetType("System.String"))
Appendix C -Me.Columns.Add("LastName",
ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions Type.GetType("System.String"))
Index
List of Figures
End Sub
List
End of Tables
Class
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
TheUserData object defines only three fields in the DataTable: UserID, FirstName, and LastName. Although
much more data could be tracked on a user such as addresses and telephone numbers, let's keep it simple.
If you want to add this additional functionality, make sure you model it in separate tables. A common mistake
beginners make is modeling all of a user's data in one giant table. Some systems go so far as having the person's
name, address, phone numbers, credit card information, company, title, and more all in one table. This is bad both
from a clean design sense and a performance sense. If a table has too many columns, SQL server handles it
slowly.
Listing 18-7 shows the UserDataAccess object.

Listing 18-7: The UserDataAccess Object in the User Component
Public Class
Apress UserDataAccess
2003 (928 pages)
Public connectionString As String
Protected
includingadapter As SqlDataAdapter
Protected loadAll
interfaces, and takesAs SqlDataAdapter
namespaces
Public Sub New() and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
connectionString = "Password=1deadrat;User ID=sa;" + _
"Initial Catalog=VideoStore;Data Source=grimsaado2k;" + _
Table of"Workstation
Contents ID=GRIMSAADO2K;"
adapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand = New _
Introduction
SqlCommand("ap_UsersLoadByID", New SqlConnection(connectionString))
adapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = _
adapter.SelectCommand.CommandType = _
("@UserID", SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "UserID")
adapter.InsertCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_UsersInsert", _
adapter.InsertCommand.CommandType
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider = _
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserID",
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers _
SqlDbType.Decimal,
Chapter 0, "UserID")
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters("@UserID").Direction
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET = _
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@FirstName", _
SqlDbType.Char, 50, "FirstName")
adapter.InsertCommand.Parameters.Add("@LastName", _
SqlDbType.Text, 0, "LastName")
adapter.UpdateCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_UsersUpdate", _
adapter.UpdateCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
adapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "UserID") Some Basic Concepts
adapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@FirstName", _
SqlDbType.Char, Asked Questions
50, "FirstName")
Index adapter.UpdateCommand.Parameters.Add("@LastName", _
SqlDbType.Text,
List of Figures 0, "LastName")
List of Tables
List of Listings adapter.DeleteCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_UsersDelete", _
List of Sidebars
adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "UserID")
loadAll = New SqlDataAdapter()

loadAll.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand("ap_UsersLoadAll", _
loadAll.SelectCommand.CommandType = _
End Sub
Applied
Public ADO.NET:
Function Building Data-DrivenuserID
GetUserByID(ByVal Solutions
As Decimal) As User
Apress
Dim 2003As
data (928New
pages)UserData()
adapter.SelectCommand.Parameters("@UserID").Value = userID
adapter.Fill(data)
If (data.Rows.Count < 1) Then
Return Nothing
ADO.NET.
End If
Dim vt As New User(data, 0)
Table of Contents Return vt
End Function Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 1 -Public
ADO.NET Function
Basics GetAllUsers() As User()
Chapter 2 - Data Dim data As
Components New Studio
in Visual UserData()
.NET
Chapter 3 loadAll.Fill(data)
Chapter 4 Dim inuArray(data.Rows.Count)
- ADO.NET Connected Environments As User
Chapter 5 DimADO.NET
- Handling i As Integer
Events
For i = 0 To data.Rows.Count
uArray(i) = New User(data, i)
Next i
Return uArray
Chapter 11 -End
Function
Chapter 13 -Public
Function Provider
SetUser(ByRef user As User)
adapter.Update(user.MyData)
Chapter 15 -End
UsingFunction
Chapter 17 -Public FunctionWeb
Building Real-World RemoveUser(ByRef
Applications user As User)
adapter.DeleteCommand.Parameters("@UserID").Value
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET = user.UserID
adapter.DeleteCommand.Connection.Open()
Chapter 20 - COM adapter.DeleteCommand.ExecuteNonQuery()
adapter.DeleteCommand.Connection.Close()
End Function
End Class
End Namespace
Index
List of Figures
List
The of DAC
Tablesfor the User component allows the calling program to look up a single user, list all of the users, update
List of Listings
or insert a user, or delete a user. Once again the stored procedures are kept simple and the DAC itself is simple.
List of Sidebars
Creating the User Test Case

TheUser test case will verify that the User component works as expected. It will test your User component by
doing the following:
1. Load a user from the database and display what its data is
2. Change the first name and last name
3. Store the object in the database
4. Reload the object and display what its data is
5.
6.
3.
4.
5. Restore the original user data and store it

6. Load all ofbythe
Mahesh
users Chand anddatabase
from the David Talbot
and show whatISBN:1590590732
each one is
Listing 18-8 shows the code for the UserTestCase object.
Listing 18-8: Theinterfaces,
UserTestCase Object
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Module UserTestCase
Sub Main()
Introduction
Chapter 1 -Dim uDACBasics
ADO.NET As New UserDataAccess()
Chapter 2 -Dim
Data tUser As User
Chapter 3 -Console.WriteLine("Loading User")
Chapter 4
tUser = uDAC.GetUserByID(1)
Console.WriteLine("User Loaded:" + tUser.GetType().ToString())
DisplayUser(tUser)
Dim origFirstName = tUser.FirstName
Dim origLastName = tUser.LastName
Chapter 9 -tUser.FirstName
= "TestFirst"
Chapter 10 -tUser.LastName
= "TestLast"
Chapter 12 -uDAC.SetUser(tUser)
Chapter 14 -tUser
= uDAC.GetUserByID(1)
Chapter 15 -Console.WriteLine _ Services
Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
("After
Chapter 16 -alteration. FirstName=TestFirst
ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding LastName=TestLast")
Chapter 17 -DisplayUser(tUser)
Chapter 18 -Console.WriteLine
Object-Relational Mapping_in .NET
("Restored
Chapter to origional,
19 - Mapped should
Objects: Performance look likeand
Considerations the
Datafirst
Bindingdisplayed user.")
tUser.FirstName = origFirstName
tUser.LastName = origLastName
uDAC.SetUser(tUser)
DisplayUser(tUser)
Appendix C -Console.WriteLine("List
all users")
Index
List of Figures
Dim tUsers() As User
List of TablestUsers = uDAC.GetAllUsers()
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To tUsers.Length - 1
DisplayUser(tUsers(i))
Next
Console.ReadLine()
End Sub
Sub DisplayUser(ByRef tUser As User)

Console.WriteLine("UserID:" + tUser.UserID.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("FirstName" + tUser.FirstName)
Console.WriteLine("LastName:" + tUser.LastName)
End Sub
End Module Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
including
This program ensures thatADO.NET internals,
the component namespaces,
works classes,
as expected. Youand
should run this test case any time you've made
changes to the User component to make sure that it still works as expected. Figure 18-3 shows the output of the
UserTestCaseprogram.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 8 - 18-3:
Figure Constraints and Data
The output Relations
of the UserTestCase program
Managing Dependencies
Although
Chapter 13 the User component
- Developing a CustomisData
similar to the VideoTape component, it's important to talk about what isn't in the
Provider
User object.
Chapter Components
14 - Developing that are
Database WebatApplications
the center of yourASP.NET
using system and relate to a number of other tables should
wherever
Chapter 15 possible avoid referencing
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Webother components. The other components can reference your core
Services
component, but by avoiding the core component referencing narrowly scoped entities such as Check In/Check
Out, you can keep your code portable to be used in other projects that don't use Check In Check Out.
Chapter
Figure 18 - Object-Relational
18-4 Mapping in
shows the dependencies .NETthe video store application.
within
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 18-4: The dependencies in the video store application
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In the design of this application, the Check In/Check Out component has all of the dependencies. You could
easily move the VideoTape or User components to their own DLL and use them in other projects with or without
each other, and nothing would be broken. The Check In/Check Out component, on the other hand, requires
both the User component and VideoTape component.
When you're designing your next project, do some careful thinking about what components you plan on being able
to use in other projects and think about what you need to do to make sure that core component is as independent
as possible.
Paranoid Programming
In a perfect world, software has a specification that doesn't change, programmers produce the software, and
it's done; there's no need for a second version. In reality, specifications change, goals change, and revisions
happen fasterApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
than you intend. The only way to really manage this risk is what we like to call paranoid
programming. by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
When designingThis your system, imagine
text provides extensivewhat usersofmight
coverage ask for
ADO.NET next and try to anticipate it in your design and
technology
including ADO.NET
code. If the specification internals,
says that namespaces,
each user classes,
in the system hasand
only one address, design the table schema and
data objects interfaces, and takes a comprehensive
to allow a one-to-many look at XML
relationship because when users change their minds-and they will-it will
be painful to ADO.NET.
make an alteration of this type if you did not allow for it in your original design.
The hardest part of being a professional programmer is managing expectations and exceeding them. A good
Table design will help you manage the S.A.L.E.S. (Say Anything Let Engineering Sweat) part of the equation. Making
of Contents
sure your core components
Applied ADO.NETBuilding can easily
Data-Driven be added to new projects will help this immensely.
Solutions
Introduction
To find out what specification for the next version of your product is, check the marketing brochures your sales
team is showing to customers; this should give you a good idea of where the product is headed.
Chapter 5
Creating
Chapter 6
the Check In/Check Out Component
Chapter 7 - Data
TheCheck Binding and
In/Check OutWindows
componentForms Data-Bound
allows Controls
the calling program to do the following:
1. List all of the video tapes currently checked out
2. Check with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
out a video
3. Check
Chapter in a video
4. Discover the status of a single video
This object
Chapter 15 - is at the
Using core ofinyour
ADO.NET Xmlsystem's functionality. The User and VideoTape components hold no real logic,
Web Services
but the16
Chapter Check In/Check
- ASP.NET Out component
Server Controls and Datahas enough to make up the rest of it. Although technically the
Binding
VideoTape
Chapter and User
17 - Building objects Web
Real-World are business objects in that they hold some of the system's logic, the
Applications
CheckInCheckOut
Chapter object isMapping
18 - Object-Relational where the vast majority of the job happens.
in .NET
Death to N-Tier
Traditional thought is the only way to create a scalable system on the Web is the three-tier model (what
Chapter 22 - SQL call
academics Server
the and ADO.NET:
four-tier modelNotes on Performance
because they count the browser as a tier). The three-tier model is made up
of a Web server, an application server, and Concepts
a database server. The thinking goes that the code on your Web
servers should only Used SQL Hypertext
provide StatementsMarkup Language (HTML) generation and an interface back to the
application Frequently
server, Asked Questions
which is actually running the code with the business logic in it. Of course, behind that is the
Indexdatabase server, which should be treated as a dumb repository of data with no logic in it whatsoever
List of(depending
Figures on the server you purchased, this may be a more truthful statement than with others).
List of Tables
The three-tier model has a number of problems, though. Every layer you add increases the likelihood of down
List of Listings
time. If your application server cluster goes down, then your whole application will cease to function. Also,
List of Sidebars
every incoming request goes from the Web server to the database server and on to the database server-and
of course back again. The extra layer increases latency and adds to the complexity of your application.
Complexity is inherently evil and must be destroyed; therefore, the physical two-tier model and logical three-
tier model were born.
Under the 2/3 model, the database stays a dumb place where your data is stored, but the business logic
objects live on the Web server. We're not saying your business logic should go in your code behind-far from it.
What we're saying is that the data objects and logic objects you're creating in this chapter should live in nice,
neat, compiled DLLs that your ASPX pages access.
This reduces latency as network usage goes down, this reduces complexity because you've cut a layer out of
your application, and this significantly reduces the total cost of deploying your application.
TheCheckInCheckOut
Apress object
2003 (928looks
pages)quite a bit like a function library and less like a real object. The reason is
simple; this component defines the actions you're
This text provides extensive coveragetaking on the video
of ADO.NET tapes and users. By isolating the types of
technology
actions that can be
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and the .aspx pages that use this business
taken with users and video tapes inside this object,
object layer haveinterfaces,
the ability and
to dotakes a comprehensive
amazing things in justlook at XML
a few lines of code:
ADO.NET.
VideosCheckedOutDataGrid.DataSource = (New _
VideoCheckInCheckOut(conn)). _
Table of Contents
GetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser(user)
Introduction
This example
Chapter shows how
1 - ADO.NET the VideoCheckInCheckOut component allows everything that's currently checked
Basics
out to a single
Chapter 2
person to be listed in an .aspx page in one line of code. This truly comes in handy when you've got
20 different pages listing the videos checked out to a single user and the need arises to alter the actual logic
behind it. One scenario where this might happen is if the checkout process allowed the user to choose how many
days they wanted to pay for when they checked out the video. This would involve altering the data model and the
logic concerning the data model, especially if a "list overdue" videos feature was added that would include even
more dependant logic than just a simple check in/check out.
Chapter 8 -embedded
If you had Constraintsthe
and Data
call Relations
to a stored procedure directly into your page as you probably would have under the
ASP model,
Chapter you would
9 - ADO.NET have quite
Exception a task ahead of you! You would have to go to each page and add the handling
Handling
for the 10
Chapter new- Working
field nowwith
being
thereturned from
ODBC .NET theProvider
Data stored procedure and take proper action on it to handle it. Obviously,
this is a11
Chapter situation toProcedures
- Stored avoid. and Views
In the VideoCheckInCheckOut object, you'll notice a few things that are poorly coded in terms of good object-
oriented principles, so be prepared. There's a conflict between good and fast under this model. You can have your
code 90 percent well designed and easy to maintain, but sometimes you just have to break it a little to get the kind
of performance you need.
Seeing How It Works
TheVideoCheckInCheckOut Considerations
component's and fairly
workings are Data simple.
Binding The design goal of this component is to
provide the ability to check out a video tape to a user, check it back in, and be able to determine the state of this
information in a few ways.
When a Arow
Appendix is inserted
- Relational into the VideoCheckOut
Databases: table, a new VideoCheckOutIDis "automagically" generated
Some Basic Concepts
by SQL B
Appendix Server. The VideoCheckIn
- Commonly table has a VideoCheckOutID that references this ID. Anytime there's a
Used SQL Statements
VideoCheckOutID
Appendix in the VideoCheckOut
C - ADO.NET Frequently table that's not in the VideoCheckIn table, a video is currently
Asked Questions
checked out.
Index
List of Figures
You can apply a few strategies on this data to determine if a video tape is checked out; you'll learn about this in the
List
nextof section,
Tables which is about the design of the Check In/Check Out components.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Making Design Tradeoffs
There are three main
Apresstradeoffs to pages)
2003 (928 look at between good and fast design. Depending on the requirements for
your application you'll have to make decisions
This text provides extensive on eachofofADO.NET
coverage these items and evaluate the kinds of risks doing
technology
it the fast way pose to the design of your system.
namespaces
The seemingly innocent codeand classes,
in Listing andhas
18-9 howato integrate
number of both with
implications you must be aware of when
ADO.NET.
working with OR mapping in a system such as the video store application.
Listing 18-9: SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser

Table of Contents
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser
Introduction
@UserID -decimal
Chapter 1 ADO.NET Basics
AS
BEGIN
SELECT VideoTapeID, Title, Description FROM VideoTape WHERE
VideoTapeID IN
(
Chapter
SELECT 6 VideoTapeID
- Integrating XMLFROM
with ADO.NET
VideoCheckOut as vco WHERE
CheckedOutToUserID=@UserID Windows AND
FormsVideoTapeID
Data-Bound Controls
NOT IN
Chapter
(SELECT8 -VideoTapeID
Constraints and Data
FromRelations
VideoCheckIn as vci WHERE
vco.VideoCheckOutID=vci.VideoCheckOutID)
Chapter
) 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter
END 11 - Stored Procedures and Views
Understanding Logic in Stored Procedures
Chapter 17possible
The first - Building Real-World
tradeoff Web anything
is having Applications
resembling logic in your stored procedures. In the
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in stored
SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser .NET procedure, a nested subquery finds out what VideoCheckOut
entries 19
Chapter don't have VideoCheckIn
- Mapped entries.
Objects: Performance An alternateand
Considerations approach to this is to load all VideoCheckOut
Data Binding
entries 20
Chapter andall
COM Interoperability entries
VideoCheckIn using simple stored procedures, then make this comparison in your
and ADO.NET
VB .NET
Chapter 21code.
- Messaging
The advantage of using the stored procedure in Listing 18-9 is a much faster response time with only a
small amount of data traveling over your network. Because the results are being filtered by the database
server, only the small chunk of data you're looking for will be returned.
The disadvantage of placing this type of logic in a stored procedure is the maintainability of your code and
Index
theofcost/scalability
List Figures of your database server. When another programmer comes along and wants to alter the
behavior
List of what the definition of CheckedOut is within your system, they'll have to trace your objects all
of Tables
theofway
List back to the stored procedures to find out how you did this.
Listings
List of Sidebars
Another disadvantage is that your database is a finite resource. Running Microsoft SQL Server 2000 on
.NET Server, you can cluster a maximum of eight machines together at an unbelievable hardware/software
cost. Every bit of logic you have your stored procedures apply takes more resources from these machines.
On the other hand, you can add Web servers almost indefinitely using a number of solutions available in the
marketplace for a minimal cost (in comparison to expanding the database).
The other point of balance is large chunks of data. If the data to be returned is potentially large, it could be
more of a burden on your database servers overall than having just sorted through it on its own. It'll take
some time and thinking as to whether it's more database intensive one way or another. In the video store
application, for example, most people in the system of an average video store have checked out more than
100 tapes but only have two checked out at a time. Some people have checked out more than 1,000, and
returning all 2,000 (1,000 from the VideoCheckIn table and 1,000 from the VideoCheckOut table) could
cause serious stress on the database server and the network.
Understanding Component
Apress 2003 (928 pages) Isolation
The next problemincluding
with the ADO.NET
stored procedure in Listing 18-9 is the co-mingling of components. Notice how
the stored procedure
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look but
returns not only the VideoTapeID, the Title and Description as well? This
at XML
means that if an alteration
namespaces is made to the and
and classes, VideoTape component's
how to integrate data model, the
both with
ADO.NET. object will require reworking.
VideoCheckInCheckOut
The only advantage of returning the data in line is speed. If only the was returned, then the calling program
Table
wouldof likely
Contents
make a separate call to the VideoTapeDataAccess object's GetVideoTapeByID, each in turn
calling a stored procedureData-Driven
on its own Solutions
to get the VideoTape referenced by the returned ID. By returning the
Introduction
data inline you're removing the need for the calling program to make separate round trips to the database.
The disadvantage
Chapter of returninginthe
2 - Data Components dataStudio
Visual in line.NET
is that changes in your VideoTape component will likely
break the
Chapter 3 VideoCheckInCheckOut component. If you add a field to the VideoTape object such as
YearReleased,
Chapter 4
you must alter the VideoCheckInCheckOut object and stored procedure as well. If
these types of interdependencies
are not well documented, you're well on your way to creating an
unmaintainable system.
Chapter
The good7 -design
Data Binding anditWindows
way to do is to haveForms Data-Bound
the stored Controls
procedure only return VideoTapeIDs and then leave the
job of turning these IDsand
intoData Relations
objects in the VideoTape component's court.
If you employ
Chapter a technique
10 - Working likeODBC
with the this in your
.NET system,
Data make sure that it's well documented within the
Provider
VideoTape
Chapter and the
11 - Stored VideoCheckInCheckOut
Procedures and Views components. Both sides that are engaging in naughty
behavior
Chapter 12need to have
- Oracle, a lineand
SQLXML, drawn between
Other them
.NET Data not only to let future programmers that come after you
Providers
know what you've done, but also to help you keep track of what you've done.
Creating a Workaround on Part of the Problem
The component isolation part of the speed vs. design problem has a partial solution. You can take the
specifics of turning the results of your VideoCheckInCheckOut stored procedure from data into objects
and place it squarely on the shoulders of your VideoTape component. By designing the VideoTape
component to include public methods for transforming VideoTapeData objects into VideoTape objects,
you can bank on ADO.NET's SqlDataAdapter's ability to map the results of a stored procedure to fields
in an ADO.NET DataSet.Listing 18-10 shows the VideoCheckInCheckOut object, found in
ObjectRelationalMappingVB/VideoStoreDataModel/VideoCheckInCheckOut.vb.
Listing 18-10:
Appendix The VideoCheckInCheckOut
B - Commonly Used SQL Statements Object
Index Public Function GetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser(ByRef usr As User) _
List
AsofVideoTape()
Figures
List of Tables Dim cmd As New SqlDataAdapter("ap_SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser", _
List
New of Listings
SqlConnection(connectionString))
List of Sidebars
cmd.SelectCommand.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters("@UserID").Value = usr.UserID
Dim data As VideoTapeData
cmd.Fill(data)
Return VideoTapeDataAccess.GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(data)
End Function
In the GetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser method, you use the VideoTapeData object to fill the
result set and use the GetVideoTapeArrayFromData method on the VideoTapeDataAccess object
Applied
to turn this data into ADO.NET:
an array Buildingobjects.
of VideoTape Data-Driven Solutions
This means that any alterations made to the structure
of the VideoTape table in the database will require fixing only the ISBN:1590590732
VideoTape component's code, not the
Apress 2003
VideoCheckInCheckOut (928 pages)
component's code. The stored procedure that the VideoCheckInCheckOut
component is using will still have toextensive
This text provides be alteredcoverage of ADO.NET
to ensure technology
it includes the new fields, but if you're careful in
documenting your dependencies this should make it manageable (see Listing 18-11).
Listing 18-11: The VideoCheckInCheckOut Object
ADO.NET.
Public Class VideoCheckInCheckOut

Table of Contents
Private connectionString As String
Introduction
Public Sub New(ByVal connStr As String)
Me.connectionString = connStr
Chapter 2 -End
Data Sub
Chapter 4 -Public
ADO.NET Function
in ConnectedGetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser(ByRef
Environments usr As User) _
As VideoTape()
Dim cmdXML with ADO.NET
As New SqlDataAdapter("ap_SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser", _
Chapter 8 cmd.SelectCommand.CommandType
- Constraints and Data Relations = CommandType.StoredProcedure
Chapter 9 cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add("@UserID",
- ADO.NET Exception Handling _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters("@UserID").Value
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views = _
usr.UserID
cmd.Fill(data)
Return VideoTapeDataAccess.GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(data)
End Function
Chapter 17 -Public
Building Real-World
FunctionWeb Applications
GetVideoTapesCheckedIn() As VideoTape()
Dim cmd As Mapping
New in .NET
SqlDataAdapter("ap_SelectVideosCheckedIn", _
Chapter 20 - COM cmd.SelectCommand.CommandType
Interoperability and ADO.NET = CommandType.StoredProcedure
cmd.Fill(data)
Return
Appendix A - Relational VideoTapeDataAccess.GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(data)
Appendix B -End Function
Appendix C -Public
ADO.NET Function CheckOutVideoToUser(ByRef
Frequently Asked Questions usr As User, _
ByRef toUsr As User, ByRef vt As VideoTape)
Index
List of Figures If (Me.IsVideoCheckedOut(vt)) Then
Throw
List of Tables
New Exception("Video is already checked out to another user.")
End If
List of Listings
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("ap_CheckOutVideo", _
List of Sidebars
New SqlConnection(connectionString
cmd.Parameters.Add("@CheckedOutByUserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@CheckedOutToUserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.Parameters.Add("@VideoTapeID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.Parameters("@CheckedOutToUserID").Value = _
usr.UserID
cmd.Parameters("@CheckedOutByUserID").Value = _
toUsr.UserID
cmd.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Value = _
vt.VideoTapeID
cmd.Connection.Open() ISBN:1590590732
cmd.Connection.Close()
End Function
Public Function CheckInVideoFromUser(ByRef usr As User, _
ADO.NET.
ByRef vt As VideoTape)
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("ap_CheckInVideo", _
Table
New ofSqlConnection(connectionString))
Contents
Introduction cmd.Parameters.Add("@UserID", _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
Chapter 2 - Data cmd.Parameters.Add("@VideoTapeID",
Components in Visual Studio .NET _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.Parameters("@UserID").Value
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments = usr.UserID
cmd.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Value
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events = _
vt.VideoTapeID
Chapter 7 - Data cmd.Connection.Open()
End Function
Public Function IsVideoCheckedOut(ByRef vt As VideoTape) As Boolean
Dim cmd As New SqlCommand("ap_IsVideoCheckedOut", _
cmd.CommandType using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Usingcmd.Parameters.Add("@VideoTapeID",
ADO.NET in Xml Web Services _
SqlDbType.Decimal)
cmd.Parameters("@VideoTapeID").Value = _
vt.VideoTapeID
cmd.Connection.Open()
Chapter 20 - COM Dim isCheckedOut
Interoperability As Boolean
and ADO.NET
isCheckedOut = cmd.ExecuteScalar()
Return
Appendix A - Relational isCheckedOut
End Function
End Class
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
In the VideoCheckInCheckOut object you're modeling all of your "verbs." Each method of this object
List of Listings
actually performs an action or describes a state as opposed to just returning data.
List of Sidebars
The two workhorses of this object are CheckInVideoFromUser and CheckOutVideoToUser. Each is a
thin wrapper around calling a stored procedure but provides an important spot where future business logic
can be added. If, for example, you chose to add accounting functionality to the system, it would be a simple
matter of adding calls that code at this location.
Under that scenario, you would not need to change any of your front-end code to work with these
enhancements to your system.
Creating the VideoCheckInCheckOut Test Case

To properly test the VideoCheckInCheckOut component, you'll need to do the following:
1.
2.
1. Check a video to see if it's checked out
2. Check outby Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
a video ISBN:1590590732
3. Check theThis
video's
text status
4. List all checked out videos
interfaces, for the
and takes user
5. List all theADO.NET.
videos that are not checked out to anyone
6. Check in the video

Table of Contents
7. ADO.NETBuilding
Applied Check the status of the video Solutions
Data-Driven
Introduction
8. List all the videos checked out to the user
Chapter 2 -all
9. List Data
theComponents in Visual
videos that are Studio .NET
not checked out to anyone
As you 4can- ADO.NET
Chapter see, this test case is quite
in Connected a bit more complicated than the test case for the User and
Environments
VideoTape components! It's not enough to just test each method once; you have to verify that the listing
methods actually get the right data when the video's state is displayed. Listing 18-12 shows the test case for
theVideoCheckInCheckOut component.
Chapter
Listing818-12:
- Constraints
The Test and Datafor
Case Relations
the VideoCheckInCheckOut Component
Module VideoCheckInCheckOutTestCase
ChapterSub
14 -Main()
Chapter 16 -Dim
ASP.NET
vDACServer
As Controls and Data Binding
New VideoTapeDataAccess()
Chapter 17 -Dim
uDAC As New UserDataAccess()
Chapter 18 -Dim
Object-Relational
vciDAC AsMapping in .NET
New VideoCheckInCheckOut(vDac.connectionString)
Chapter 19 -Dim tTape
Mapped As Performance
Objects: VideoTapeConsiderations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 -tTape = vDAC.GetVideoTapeByID(1)
Chapter 21 -Console.WriteLine("Is
Messaging Tape Checked Out:" + _
vciDAC.IsVideoCheckedOut(tTape).ToString())
Dim tUser As User
Console.WriteLine("Checking out video.")
Index
vciDAC.CheckOutVideoToUser(tUser, tUser, tTape)
List of Figures
Console.WriteLine("Is Tape Checked Out:" + _
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Dim tapes() As VideoTape
tapes = vciDAC.GetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser(tUser)
Console.WriteLine("Tapes Currently Checked Out To User:")

DisplayTapeArray(tapes)
Console.WriteLine("Tapes Not Currently Checked Out To Anyone")
tapes = vciDAC.GetVideoTapesCheckedIn()
vciDAC.CheckInVideoFromUser(tUser, tTape)
Console.WriteLine("Video Checked In")

Console.WriteLine("Is Tape Checked Out:" + _
tapesby =Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
vciDAC.GetVideoTapesCheckedOutToUser(tUser)
Console.WriteLine("Tapes of ADO.NET
Currently Checkedtechnology
Out To User:")
including ADO.NET
DisplayTapeArray(tapes) internals, namespaces, classes, and
Console.WriteLine("Tapes
namespaces and classes, and how Not toCurrently Checked
integrate both with Out To Anyone")
tapesADO.NET.
= vciDAC.GetVideoTapesCheckedIn()
Table of Contents
Console.ReadLine()
Introduction
End Sub
ChapterSub
1 -DisplayTapeArray(ByRef
ADO.NET Basics tapes() As VideoTape)
Chapter 2 -Dim
Data i
As Integer
Chapter 3 -For i = in0Disconnected
ADO.NET To tapes.Length - 1
Environments
Chapter 4 Console.WriteLine("TAPE:"
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments + tapes(i).Title)
Chapter 5 -Next
ChapterEnd
6 -Sub
End Module
The test case correctly exercises each of the methods provided by the VideoCheckInCheckOut
Chapter 11 - Stored
component. There'sProcedures and Views
a caveat here, though; if the video (VideoTapeID 1) is already checked out, an
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Othershows
exception will be thrown. Figure 18-5 .NET Data Providers
the output of CheckInCheckOut test case.
Appendix C - 18-5:
Figure ADO.NET
TheFrequently Asked
output of the Questions
CheckInCheckOut test case
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
OR mapping affords theability
Apress to hide
2003 (928 pages)data access completely from your application and greatly simplify
the front-end code you write for your application.
This text provides extensive It allows
coverage you to write
of ADO.NET all of your data access logic once
technology
and allows significantly increased flexibility in your system.
namespaces
In the next chapter, you'll lookand classes,
at how andthese
to use how to integrate
mapped both with
objects with ASP.NET widgets such as
DataGrids. You'llADO.NET.
also look at some additions to the performance end of your data model and implement
a high-performance caching mechanism.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
19: Mapped Objects: Performance

Overview interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
In the last chapterADO.NET.
you learned the basics of turning the data in your database into objects. Although basic
Object-Relational (OR) mapping is simple, a number of issues become apparent when it comes time to
actually put it to work.
Table of Contents
Applied
In this ADO.NETBuilding
chapter you'll learnData-Driven
how to put Solutions
your objects to work in ASP.NET using data binding and how to solve
Introduction
the problems posed in relationships by working with master-detail relationships and building a tree
Chapter 1 for
structure - ADO.NET Basics
performance.
The chapter
Chapter also covers
3 - ADO.NET how to implement
in Disconnected a simple, near-zero-impact caching scheme for your objects
Environments
and how
Chapter 4 to- create
ADO.NETbusiness objects
in Connected to further abstract your mapped objects.
Environments
These topics should help you solve common problems encountered when using OR mapping.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using DataApplied
Binding andBuilding
ADO.NET: Mapped Objects
To get real use out of your
Apress mapped
2003 objects, you have to know how to leverage them with .NET's many server-side
(928 pages)
ASP.NET controls. The overall methodology of using of
This text provides extensive coverage data bindingtechnology
ADO.NET with mapped objects is similar to the technique
you can use on aincluding
DataSet ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and flexibility.
or DataTable yet it affords much greater
You can bind all of the .NET controls
namespaces that and
and classes, allow data
how binding toboth
to integrate anywith
object that implements IEnumerable. Don't
ADO.NET.
panic, you don't have to actually implement IEnumerable and create custom collections for each group of
mapped objects. Instead, Microsoft was kind enough to do that for you by implementing IEnumerable in all of
their collections from ArrayList to Hashtable.
Table of Contents
The ability Data-Driven
to bind to virtually Solutions
any .NET collection is liberating when you think about it. For example, if you store a
Introduction
number of objects in a Hashtable, you can actually bind it to a DataGrid control, work with the data, and then
Chapter
store it 1back
- ADO.NET Basics writing very little code. The advantage this affords you is the ability to enforce
in the database
Chapter
business 2 logic
- Data
in Components
your objects in Visual
while Studio .NET
providing the ease of use of .NET data binding.
Chapter 4 Using Connection Strings
The examples in the previous chapter and in this one use hard-coded database connection strings. This is
something you should never do in a real application because you would have to recompile your program every
time your application runs in a place where the database is different.
Chapter
In a9 practical
- ADO.NET Exception
application Handling
this is generally the difference between your development environment and
production with the ODBC
environment. .NETit's
Granted, Data Provider
easy for you to change the connection string and then recompile and
copy
Chapter 11 your files Procedures
- Stored over if you're
andworking
Views in a small company. The problem is that your application will slowly start
gaining
Chapter more deployment-specific
12 - Oracle, data Data
SQLXML, and Other .NET in theProviders
code over time, and it will become difficult to maintain to say the
least-not
Chapter to mention
13 - Developing a that you'll
Custom Datalikely forget to change it every time you get ready to deploy. So, it's generally a
Provider
good
Chapter 14 idea to get it right
- Developing the first
Database Webtime and put what
Applications using.NET gives you to use with the web.config file.
ASP.NET
The code-behind fileReal-World Web Applications
of the TestDataGrid program highlights one of the advantages of OR mapping (see Listing
Chapter 18 - amount
19-1). The Object-Relational Mapping
of code you in .NET
actually have to write is limited to just a few lines that list the contents of the
Chapter 19 - database.
VideoTape Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Listing21
Chapter 19-1: The Code-Behind File of the TestDataGrid Program
- Messaging
Appendix
Imports A -VideoStoreDataModel.EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data
Appendix
PublicC Class
WebForm1
Index Inherits System.Web.UI.Page
Protected WithEvents VideoTapesGrid As System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
ByVal
List e As System.EventArgs) _
of Sidebars
Handles MyBase.Load
Dim dac As New VideoTapeDataAccess()
VideoTapesGrid.DataSource = dac.GetAllVideoTapes()
If (Not IsPostBack) Then
VideoTapesGrid.DataBind()
End If
End Sub
End Class
In the Page_Load method, first you create an instance of the VideoTapeDataAccess Data Access Component
(DAC). Next, youApplied ADO.NET: Building
set the DataSource Data-Driven Solutions
of the VideoTapesGrid to the array of VideoTape objects returned
from the GetAllVideoTapes() method of the VideoTapeDataAccess ISBN:1590590732 DAC. Finally, if the page request being
Apress 2003
served is not a postback, (928 pages)
you call the DataBind method to update the User Interface (UI) of the
VideoTapesGrid DataGrid. extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
This text provides
interfaces,
The Hypertext Markup and takes
Language a comprehensive
(HTML) look at
side of this page XML as simple as the code-behind file using the
is just
syntax identical toADO.NET.
the way you would bind to a DataSet or DataTable (see Listing 19-2).
Listing 19-2: The HTML Side of the TestDataGrid Page

Table of Contents
<%@ Page Data-Driven
Language="vb" Solutions
AutoEventWireup="false"
Introduction
Codebehind="TestGrid.aspx.vb" Inherits="TestDataGrid.WebForm1" %>
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
<!DOCTYPE Basics
HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
Chapter
<HTML> 2 - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
<HEAD>
Chapter <Title></Title>
Chapter <meta name="GENERATOR"
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events content="Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 7.0">
Chapter <meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE"
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET content="Visual Basic 7.0">
Chapter <meta name="vs_defaultClientScript"
7 - Data content="JavaScript">
Chapter 8
<meta name="vs_targetSchema"
content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
</HEAD>
<body>
<form Id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
<asp:DataGrid Id="VideoTapesGrid" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false">
Chapter
<Columns>13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
<asp:TemplateColumn Web Applications using ASP.NET
HeaderText="Title">
Chapter 15 -
<ItemTemplate>Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter <%#
DataBinder.Eval(Container.DataItem, "Title") %>
</ItemTemplate> Real-World Web Applications
</asp:TemplateColumn>
<asp:TemplateColumn
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects:HeaderText="Description">
<ItemTemplate>
Chapter 21 - Messaging " Description ") %>
</ItemTemplate>
</Columns>
</asp:DataGrid>
</form>
Index
</body>
List of Figures
</html>
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The call to DataBinder.Eval shows the way the DataBinder really works. When DataBinder processes the
Title string, it's not actually binding directly to the underlying DataTable but actually calling your getter method
on the Title property. If you have logic in your Title property for example, to return what was in the database in
uppercase, then the DataGrid would actually show the title in uppercase.
When a data-bound object such as a DataGrid is processing a collection of items-either your objects or a
DataTable-it uses the Reflect architecture (found in System.Reflection) to make dynamic invocations on
your code at runtime. This is the "secret sauce" that makes data binding in .NET so flexible.
Figure 19-1 shows the output of the page.

Figure 19-1:This
Thetext
output of theextensive
provides TestDataGrid program
Directly Accessing a Bound Object's Properties
ADO.NET.
UsingDataBinder.Eval is only one of the options available to you, but you're missing out on half of the power
afforded
Table by this flexible reflection-based architecture.
of Contents
The more powerful way to work with bound objects is to get a reference to the objects themselves and use it to
Introduction
actually perform logic inline on your page. Listing 19-3 references the object itself and the number of characters in
the Description field.
Chapter
Listing319-3:
The HTML Environments Page
of the TestGridObjects
<%@ Page Language="vb" AutoEventWireup="false" Codebehind="TestGrid.aspx.vb"
Inherits="TestDataGrid.WebForm1" %>
Chapter 7
<%@ import - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
namespace="VideoStoreDataModel.EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data" %>
Chapter
<!DOCTYPE8 - Constraints and Data
HTML PUBLIC Relations
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
Chapter
<HTML> 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling
Chapter
<HEAD> 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
<Title></Title>
Chapter
<meta12name="GENERATOR"
- Oracle, SQLXML, and content="Microsoft
Other .NET Data Providers Visual Studio.NET 7.0">
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data content="Visual
<meta name="CODE_LANGUAGE" Provider Basic 7.0">
<meta name="vs_defaultClientScript" content="JavaScript">
<meta15name="vs_targetSchema"
Chapter - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
content="http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5">
</HEAD>
<body>
<form Id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
<asp:DataGrid Id="VideoTapesGrid" runat="server" AutoGenerateColumns="false">
<Columns>
<asp:TemplateColumn HeaderText="Title">
<ItemTemplate>
<%# (CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape)).Title%>
</ItemTemplate>
Appendix</asp:TemplateColumn>
Index <asp:TemplateColumn HeaderText="Description">
List of Figures
<ItemTemplate>
List of Tables
<%# (CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape)).Description %>
( <%# (CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape)).Description.Length %> )
List of Listings
</ItemTemplate>
List of Sidebars
</Columns>
</asp:DataGrid>
</form>
</body>
</html>
Functionality such as this is important in a number of situations. For example, if you added a derived field to the
User object that concatenates the user's first name and last name and made sure they had initial caps, you could
display it inline using this technique.
The HTML for this page isADO.NET:
Applied fairly simple. You simply
Building cast theSolutions
Data-Driven Container.DataItemobject to be a VideoTape
object using CType(), and Chand
by Mahesh then you
andaccess the property the same
David Talbot way you would in regular compiled code.
ISBN:1590590732
To use an object such as VideoTape, you have to import the namespace in your HTML as well as in your code-
behind file so thatincluding
the HTML page will
ADO.NET know what
internals, namespace
namespaces, to look
classes, and in for your objects. If you don't do this, your
application will compile successfully
interfaces, and takeswithout any errors;look
a comprehensive however,
at XML when you try to actually view the Web page in
namespaces
your browser, you'll and classes,
get a "BC30002: Typeand howdefined:
is not to integrate both with error. Figure 19-2 shows the output of the
'VideoTape'"
ADO.NET.
TestGridObjects page that utilizes object binding.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 19-2: The output of the TestGridObjects page
Chapter 3
The output- of
the TestGridObjects page shows the title, description, and description's character count of all of the
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
video tapes in Connected Environments
in the database.
Using Logic
Chapter 7
with Bound Objects
Chapter
It often 8isn't
- Constraints andable
enough being DatatoRelations
just passively display data exactly as it is in the database. Quite often with a long
field such as a description, you'llHandling
want to clip it off after a certain number of characters so the line won't wrap.
You'll likely
Chapter 11 - run intoProcedures
Stored a number and
of situations
Views where you want to call a method on one of your bound objects and
display12
Chapter the- result inline
Oracle, in a list.
SQLXML, andThere
Other are
.NETbasically two ways to apply logic to the cells in a bound collection.
Data Providers
The first, and simplest, method is to cast the Container.DataItem object to your object type and call a method
on the object. This can be useful in a number of situations, especially if you have a method on your object that
retrieves derived data. An example of where this might be useful is on a shopping cart object where you calculate
Chapter 16of- aASP.NET
the total person'sServer
orderControls
and wantand
to Data Binding
display it in your grid (see Listing 19-4).
Listing18
Chapter 19-4: The Theoretical
- Object-Relational Shopping
Mapping Cart Example
in .NET
<asp:TemplateColumn and ADO.NET
HeaderText="Total">
<ItemTemplate>
Chapter <%#
(CType(Container.DataItem, ShoppingCart)).CalculateTotal().ToString() %>
Appendix
</ItemTemplate> Databases: Some Basic Concepts
A - Relational
Index
List of Figures
In Listing 19-4 you use the same syntax for casting Container.DataItem to your object type and then convert it
List of Tables
to a string using the ToString() method. Everything you display in a bound collection must be converted to a
List of Listings
string before it's sent to a browser, so keep this in mind anytime you call a method that returns anything other than
List of Sidebars
a string.
The second method of applying logic to your grid is to pass your bound object to a function in your code-behind
object, process it there, and then return a string to be displayed inline in the DataGrid. In the FancyBinding Web
page example, a function is called in the code-behind object, which makes a decision as to whether it should clip
the Description field to 10 characters (see Listing 19-5). Granted, this is a simple example, but it represents a
common problem in data binding.
Listing 19-5: The HTML of the FancyBinding Page
<%@ Page Language="vb" AutoEventWireup="false" Codebehind="FancyBinding.aspx.vb"

Inherits="TestDataGrid.FancyBinding"%>
<%@ import namespace="VideoStoreDataModel.EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data" %>
<!DOCTYPE HTML Applied
PUBLICADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0Solutions
Transitional//EN">
<HTML> by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
<HEAD> Apress 2003 (928 pages)

<title></title>
<meta content="Microsoft namespaces,
Visual classes, and
Studio.NET 7.0" name="GENERATOR">
<meta content="Visual
namespaces and classes, Basic 7.0"to name="CODE_LANGUAGE">
and how integrate both with
<meta content="JavaScript"
ADO.NET. name="vs_defaultClientScript">
<meta content=http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5
name="vs_targetSchema">
Table of Contents
</HEAD>
Applied
<body> ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
<form id="Form1" method="post" runat="server">
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
<asp:datagrid Basics
id="VideoTapesDataGrid" runat="server"
BorderColor="Black" in Visual Studio .NET
BorderWidth="2"
AutoGenerateColumns="False">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundColumn
Chapter DataField="VideoTapeID"></asp:BoundColumn>
<asp:TemplateColumn
Chapter 6 - Integrating XML withHeaderText="Title">
ADO.NET
<ItemTemplate>
<%# (CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape)).Title %>
</ItemTemplate>
<asp:TemplateColumn HeaderText="Description">
<ItemTemplate>
<%# TrimDescription( CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape), 20) %>
</ItemTemplate>
<asp:ButtonColumn in Xml Web Services
Text="Show Description" CommandName="Show"></asp:ButtonColumn>
Chapter
<asp:TemplateColumn Controls
16 - ASP.NET Server and Data Binding Type">
HeaderText="Object
<ItemTemplate>
Chapter <%#
GetVideoTapeType(CType(Container.DataItem, VideoTape) ) %>
</ItemTemplate>
</Columns>
</asp:datagrid>
</form>
</body>
</HTML>
Index
List of Figures
List
The of FancyBinding
Tables page displays all of the video tapes in the database, applies some logic, and displays the object
List of Listings
name. The Description field is clipped to 10 characters with an ellipsis () indicating that there's more text
List of Sidebars
available in the description. When the user clicks the Show Description link, the description of the video tape
displays in its entirety.
The example in Listing 19-5 has five columns. The first column is the VideoTapeID column, which you have to
have to set SelectedVideoTape, the second column simply displays the title of the video tape, and the third and
fourth columns are where things get interesting.
The Description column's ItemTemplate calls the TrimDescription() method and passes a VideoTape
object and the length to trim as a parameter. Because the HTML side of your page inherits from your code-behind
object, you can call any method that's protected or public on your code-behind object from your HTML.
The Show Description column provides the user with a link to choose that they want the description of one of the
lines to display in its entirety. There's a corresponding event handler in the code-behind object that makes this
happen (covered shortly).
by Maheshthe
In the interest of simplicity, Chand
videoand David
store Talbot project keeps
example the mapped objects simple, so there's not a
ISBN:1590590732
good method to callApress
to show
2003how to do an inline method call. Therefore, the FancyBinding page displays a text
(928 pages)
string representing thetext
This object type extensive
provides of the VideoTape object
coverage of (seetechnology
ADO.NET Listing 19-6).
Listing 19-6: Theinterfaces, and takes
Code-Behind a comprehensive
Object look at XML
of the FancyBinding Page
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Public Class FancyBinding
AppliedInherits
System.Web.UI.Page
Introduction
Protected WithEvents VideoTapesDataGrid As System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid
ChapterPublic
2 - Data Components
Property in Visual Studio .NET
ShowTapeID() As Decimal
Chapter 3 -Get
Chapter 4 If (ViewState("ShowTapeID")
- ADO.NET in Connected Environments = "") Then
Chapter 5 ReturnEvents
- Handling ADO.NET -1
Chapter 6 End If
Chapter 7 - Data Return Convert.ToDecimal(ViewState("ShowTapeID"))
Chapter 8
End Get
ViewState("ShowTapeID") = "" + Value.ToString()
End Set
End Property
ChapterPrivate
Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Web Applications
_ using ASP.NET
Chapter
Handles15 -MyBase.Load
Chapter 16 -Dim
ASP.NET
dacServer Controls
As New and Data Binding
VideoTapeDataAccess()
Chapter 17 -VideoTapesDataGrid.DataSource
Building Real-World Web Applications = dac.GetAllVideoTapes()
Chapter 18 -If
Object-Relational Mapping inThen
(Not IsPostBack) .NET
VideoTapesDataGrid.DataBind()
Chapter 20 -End
COM If
ChapterEnd
21 -Sub
Messaging
Public
Appendix Function
A - Relational TrimDescription(ByRef
Databases: Some Basic Concepts tape As VideoTape, _
ByVal characters As Int32) As String
If (tape.Description.Length < characters Or _
tape.VideoTapeID = ShowTapeID) _
Index
Then
List of Figures
Return tape.Description
List of Tables
End If
List of Listings
Return tape.Description.Substring(0, characters) + "..."
List of Sidebars
End Function
Public Function GetVideoTapeType(ByRef tape As VideoTape) As String

Return tape.GetType().ToString()
End Function
Private Sub VideoTapesDataGrid_ItemCommand(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As _

DataGridCommandEventArgs) Handles VideoTapesDataGrid.ItemCommand
If (e.CommandName = "Show") Then
ShowTapeID = Convert.ToDecimal(e.Item.Cells(0).Text)
VideoTapesDataGrid.DataBind()
End If
End Sub
End Class Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
ThePage_Load including ADO.NET
method creates aninternals,
instancenamespaces, classes, and
of the VideoTapeDataAccess object, sets the DataSource of
theVideoTapesDataGrid, and then if the page is not a postback it calls the DataBind() method to initially
display the grid. ADO.NET.
As the DataGrid is rendered it calls the TrimDescription() method for each row as it passes the current
videooftape.
Table The TrimDescription() method checks the length of the string and if it's shorter, it's trimmed;
Contents
otherwise it returns the full
Applied ADO.NETBuilding length of the
Data-Driven string. If it's under the length and it tried to call Substring on it, an
Solutions
IndexOutOfRange
Introduction exception would be thrown.
TheDataGrid also returns the full-length description if the VideoTapeID matches the ShowTapeID property.
TheShowTapeID property is a member of the FancyBinding object that stores its value in the ViewState so it
can keep its state between page views.
If the description
Chapter is longer
5 - Handling thanEvents
ADO.NET the length to be trimmed and the user hasn't chosen to have the full description
displayed
Chapter 6 for that item, XML
- Integrating thenwith
the string
ADO.NETis clipped and the shortened string is returned.
The event handler for VideoTapesDataGrid_ItemCommand checks to make sure the command matches up
with the Show Description button and then sets the member property ShowTapeID to the VideoTapeID that the
user selected. It then calls VideoTapesGrid.DataBind() to refresh the display.
Chapter
Figure 11 - Stored
19-3 shows Procedures and Views
the grid bound with the text description clipped, and Figure 19-4 shows the entire text.
Figure
ASP.NET output of the FancyBinding
Controls page with the description shortened
and Data Binding
Figure 19-4: The output of the FancyBinding page with the description expanded
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedProblematic Master-Detail
ADO.NET: Building Relationships
Several types of master-detail andpages)
Apress 2003 (928 parent-child relationships pose unique challenges to creating a high-
performance Web application. There are twocoverage
This text provides extensive main master-detail
of ADO.NET problems:
technology highly nested structures such as
category trees and large master-detail relationships.
Working with Highly Nested Structures
ADO.NET.
Most applications have a tree structure somewhere in them. Generally they are used as a method of navigating a
Table
Webof Contents
site or organizing a collection. The data structure behind them is generally the same and usually wrong. Look
Applied
atTableADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
19-1 and see if you Solutions
can find the problem with this structure.
Introduction
Table 19-1:
Chapter The VideoCategory
1 - ADO.NET Basics Table, the Poor Performance Way
DESCRIPTION DATA TYPE
CategoryID Int
Description Char(20)
ParentCategoryID
Chapter Int
CategoryID
Chapter is the primary
9 - ADO.NET key for
Exception this table. The Description field is the name of the category displayed to the user
Handling
so they10
Chapter know what they're
- Working seeing.
with the ODBC ParentCategoryID
.NET Data Provider is a subcategory of CategoryID. Generally the root-level
category
Chapter 11has a ParentCategoryID
- Stored Procedures and of 0 or -1 to indicate that it's a root-level category and that there's no parent
Views
category.
The problem with Table 19-1 is that there isn't a way to get the entire tree without executing multiple Select
statements. To get all of the categories in this tree you'll have to commit another scalability mistake-using
Chapter 15 -The
recursion. Using ADO.NET
only in Xml Web Services
way to successfully get the whole tree is to recursively select everything that has a
ParentCategoryID equal to the Controls andCategoryID
current Data Binding
and so on. If your tree structure gets malformed, major
problems can happen on your Web server and/or database server depending on exactly how you coded your
statement.
The second
Chapter problem
20 - COM with Table and
Interoperability 19-1ADO.NET
is that to get decent performance, you'll have to have an index for
CategoryID
Chapter and a clustered index for ParentCategoryID, which is unnecessary with the alternate method described
21 - Messaging
inTable 19-2.
Table 19-2: The VideoCategory Table, the High Performance Way
Index
CategoryID
List of Figures
Int
ListDescription
of Tables Char(20)
List of Listings
ParentCategoryID Int
List of Sidebars
RootCategoryID Int
Don't despair if you're using a system that uses this technique; it's a common programming error. The important
thing is that there's a solution. Table 19-2 shows a minor modification to the table that makes a major difference in
performance.
This structure adds a RootCategoryID column, which is the category at the base of this entire tree. This column
gives you a simple way to load the entire tree in a single Select statement with no recursion needed on the
database server, and with a little fancy code on your Web server, you can avoid recursion there as well.
An additional advantage of this structure is the level of optimization afforded by a single clustered index on the
RootCategoryID. Because you won't be using the CategoryID in the WHERE clause of any of your Select
statements, you won't even need it to be indexed-just the RootCategoryID column. Figure 19-5 shows a populated
VideoCategory table, the high performance way.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure 19-5: The data in the VideoCategory table
Introduction
Chapter
One of 1the- mantras
ADO.NETof Basics
good database design is to never have repetitive data, a mantra we're breaking here with
good reason. In this case,
Chapter 2 - Data Components it's in
necessary. Listing
Visual Studio .NET19-7 shows the VideoCategory, VideoCategoryData, and
VideoCategoryDataAccess
Chapter objects.
Listing 19-7: VideoCategory and Related Objects
Imports
Chapter 7 -System
Imports
Imports
Imports
Chapter 10 -System.Data.Common
Namespace EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data
Public Class VideoCategory
data and Data Binding
As DataTable
index As Integer
Object-Relational Mapping in .NET As New ArrayList()
subCategories
Friend Considerations
ReadOnly Property and MyData()
Data BindingAs DataRow()
Chapter 20 - COM Get
Chapter 21 - Messaging Dim myRow() As DataRow = {Me.data.Rows(index)}
Chapter 22 - SQL ServerReturn myRow
End Databases:
Appendix A - Relational Get Some Basic Concepts
Appendix B -End Property
Index Public Sub New(ByRef data As VideoCategoryData, ByVal index As Integer)
List of Figures
Me.data = data
Me.index = index
List of Tables
End Sub
List of Listings
Public Sub New()
List of Sidebars
Me.data = New VideoCategoryData()
data.Rows.Add(data.NewRow())
Me.index = 0
End Sub
Public Function GetColumn(ByRef ColumnName As String) As Object

Return data.Rows(index)(ColumnName)
End Function
Public Function SetColumn(ByRef ColumnName As String, ByRef _

ColumnValue As Object)
data.Rows(index)(ColumnName) = ColumnValue
End Function
by Mahesh
Public PropertyChandCategoryID()
and David Talbot As Int32ISBN:1590590732
Apress
Get 2003 (928 pages)
This text
If provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technologyIs _
(GetColumn("CategoryID").GetType()
including ADO.NET
Type.GetType("System.DBNull")) internals, namespaces, classes, and
Then
namespacesReturn -1 and how to integrate both with
and classes,
End If
ADO.NET.
Return CType(GetColumn("CategoryID"), Int32)
End Get
Table of Contents Set(ByVal Value As Int32)
SetColumn("CategoryID", Value)
Introduction End Set
Chapter 1 -EndADO.NET Basics
Property
Chapter 3 -Public
ADO.NET Property Description()
in Disconnected Environments As String
Chapter 4 Get in Connected Environments
- ADO.NET
Chapter 5 ReturnEvents
- Handling ADO.NET "" + GetColumn("Description")
Chapter 6 End Get
Chapter 7 - Data Set(ByVal Value Forms
Binding and Windows As String)
Data-Bound Controls
Chapter 8
SetColumn("Description", Value)
End Set
End Property
Public Property ParentCategoryID() As Int32
Get
Chapter 13 - DevelopingIfa Custom Data Provider
(GetColumn("ParentCategoryID").GetType() Is _
Type.GetType("System.DBNull")) Web Applications
Then using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web-1
Return Services
End IfControls and Data Binding
Return CType(GetColumn("ParentCategoryID"), Decimal)
End Get Mapping in .NET
Set(ByVal
Chapter 19 - Mapped Value AsConsiderations
Objects: Performance Int32) and Data Binding
SetColumn("ParentCategoryID",
Chapter 20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET Value)
End Set
Public Property RootCategoryID() As Int32
Get
If (GetColumn("RootCategoryID").GetType() Is _
Index
List of Figures
Return -1
List of Tables
End If
List of Listings Return CType(GetColumn("RootCategoryID"), Int32)
List of Sidebars End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Int32)
SetColumn("RootCategoryID", Value)
End Set
End Property
Public Function AddSubCategory(ByRef subCat As VideoCategory)

Me.subCategories.Add(subCat)
End Function
Public Function FindCategoryByID(ByVal catID As Integer) As VideoCategory

Return Me.FindCategoryByID(Me, catID)
End Function
by Mahesh
Friend ChandFindCategoryByID(ByRef
Function and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
cat As VideoCategory, _
ByVal catID As Integer) As VideoCategory
including
If (catIDADO.NET internals, namespaces,
= cat.CategoryID) classes, and
Then
Return
namespaces andcat
End If
ADO.NET.
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To cat.CountSubCategories() - 1
Table of Contents If (FindCategoryByID(cat.GetSubCategory(i), catID) Is Nothing) Then
Else
Introduction Return cat.GetSubCategory(i)
End If
Chapter 2 - Data Next
Return
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET Nothing Environments
in Disconnected
Chapter 6 -Public Function
Integrating CountSubCategories() As Int32
XML with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 - Data Return Me.subCategories.Count
Chapter 8
End Function
Public Function GetSubCategory(ByVal i As Int32) As VideoCategory
Return CType(Me.subCategories(i), VideoCategory)
End Function
ChapterEnd
14 -Class
ChapterPublic
16 - ASP.NET
ClassServer Controls and Data Binding
VideoCategoryData
Chapter 17 -Inherits
DataTable
Chapter 19 -Public Sub New()
Chapter 20 - COM MyBase.New("VideoCategory")
Me.Columns.Add("CategoryID", Type.GetType("System.Int32"))
Me.Columns.Add("Description",
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on PerformanceType.GetType("System.String"))
Me.Columns.Add("ParentCategoryID",
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts Type.GetType("System.Int32"))
Me.Columns.Add("RootCategoryID", Type.GetType("System.Int32"))
End Sub
End Class
Index
List of Figures
Public Class VideoCategoryDataAccess
List of Tables
List of Listings
Public connectionString As String
List of Sidebars
Protected adapter As SqlDataAdapter
Protected loadAll As SqlDataAdapter
Public Sub New()

connectionString = "Your Connection String;"
adapter = New SqlDataAdapter()
adapter.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand("VideoCategoryGetTree", New _
SqlConnection(connectionString))
("@RootCategoryID", SqlDbType.Decimal, 0, "RootCategoryID")
End Sub
by Mahesh
Public FunctionChandGetCategoryTree(ByVal
rootCategoryID As Int32) _
Apress
As VideoCategory 2003 (928 pages)
This text
Dim dataprovides
As New extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
VideoCategoryData()
adapter.SelectCommand.Parameters("@RootCategoryID").Value = _
rootCategoryID
adapter.Fill(data)
ADO.NET.
Dim categories As VideoCategory()

Table of Contents categories = GetVideoCategoryArrayFromData(data)
Introduction Dim i As Integer
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
Dim Basics
x As Integer
Chapter 3 If (categories.Length
- ADO.NET = 0) Then
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET inReturn Nothing
Chapter 5 EndADO.NET
- Handling If Events
Chapter 7 - Data For i and
Binding = 0Windows
To categories.Length - 1
Chapter 8
For x = 0 To categories.Length - 1
If (categories(i).CategoryID = _
categories(x).ParentCategoryID) Then
categories(i).AddSubCategory(categories(x))
End If
Next
Next a Custom Data Provider
ReturnDatabase Web Applications using ASP.NET
categories(0)
Chapter 15 -End
UsingFunction
Chapter 17 -Public
Shared Function GetVideoCategoryArrayFromData(ByRef data As _
VideoCategoryData) AsMapping in .NET
VideoCategory()
DimObjects:
Chapter 19 - Mapped vArray(data.Rows.Count - and
Performance Considerations 1) Data
As Binding
VideoCategory
Chapter 20 - COM Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To (data.Rows.Count - 1)
Chapter 22 - SQL ServervArray(i)
and ADO.NET:= Notes
New on
VideoCategory(data,
Performance i)
NextDatabases:
Appendix A - Relational i Some Basic Concepts
Return vArray
End Function
End Class
Index
End Namespace
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
The of real
Sidebars
magic of this object happens in the GetCategoryTree() method of the DAC. It's here that the category
tree is assembled without recursion and with a single query. The DAC returns a single VideoCategory object
that you can then work with and display. The net effect of this is you have a high-performance category tree and
you'll never have to write and data access methods for the VideoCategory object no matter how many times
you use it.
TheVideoCategory object models the complete tree by providing a GetSubCategory() method to retrieve
the subcategories of the current category. Internally, the VideoCategory object stores its subcategories in an
ArrayList that it manages.
TheVideoCategory object also provides a FindCategoryByID() method that does a search on the tree and
returns the requested VideoCategory object. When a specific category gets referenced, either by the user
selecting something or by some other method, it will likely be by the CategoryID. Without a method such as this,
you would likely have to make another round trip to the database to load a category again that you already have in
memory.
Apress
Figure 19-6 shows the output of a pages)
2003 (928 test harness. A test harness is a simple application used to exercise the features
of a component. This
Testtext
harnesses
providescan be helpful
extensive in doing
coverage object-level
of ADO.NET or component-level debugging.
technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 3 - 19-6: Theinoutput
ADO.NET of the test
Disconnected harness
Environments
Working
Chapter 6 with aXML
- Integrating Much Larger Tree
with ADO.NET
The method
Chapter described and
8 - Constraints in the "Highly
Data Nested Structures" section works great on most category trees with a
Relations
reasonable amount of categories, but
if you have a tree with potentially hundreds of categories, you'll need to use
an alternate method.
Chapter 11 structures
For large - Stored Procedures
you need and Views
to be able to load the tree in logical blocks. For example, look at the large structure-
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET
optimized version of the category tree in Data19-3.
Table Providers
Table 19-3: Database Table
The BlockedTree Web Applications using ASP.NET
CategoryID Int
Description Char(20)
ParentCategoryID Int
GroupID Int
In this table's structure you can load the tree one block at a time and assemble the tree structure using your
mapped objects in memory.
Index
The stored procedure in Listing 19-8 allows you to request all the children of a specific category and get all of the
List of Figures
categories in that group in a single block. The result is you can display a collapsed tree to the user, and as they
expand
List the tree, the server won't have to hit the database for each expanded category.
of Tables
List of Listings
Listing 19-8: The GetBlockedCategory Stored Procedure
List of Sidebars
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo. GetBlockedCategory

@CategoryID int
AS
BEGIN
SELECT CategoryID, Description, ParentCategoryID, GroupID
FROM BlockedTree WHERE GroupID=
(SELECT GroupID FROM Category WHERE
ParentCategoryID=@CategoryID)
END
by concern
The only additional Mahesh Chand
you have andis
David Talbot
writing the corresponding Visual Basic .NET code to take these blocks and
ISBN:1590590732
Apressthem
dynamically assemble 2003on topages)
(928 your tree using a simple lazy-loading technique. (If you don't know what lazy
loading is, don't worry-we cover it inextensive
This text provides the "Implementing
coverage ofLazy Loading"
ADO.NET section.)
technology
Figure 19-7 showsinterfaces,
the data and takes
in the a comprehensive
BlockedTree look at XML
table. Seeing this table with a sample of data in it should help you
namespaces
understand the intent and classes, and how to integrate both with
of the structure.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 19-7: The BlockedTree table with data
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Using
Provider
a Better Tree Control
The
Chapter 12test harness
- Oracle, in this example
SQLXML, and Otheruses
.NETaData
simple custom-coded method of displaying a tree, but there's a better
Providers
way to do it. Microsoft provides the outstanding TreeView control for just this task in their Internet Explorer Web
controls package at http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?
url=/workshop/webcontrols/overview/treeview.asp. Don't let the name fool you-it's not only for
Internet Explorer. In fact, it works quite well in Netscape 4.x and 6, thanks to some clever coding by Microsoft.
Chapter
The17Internet
Explorer Web Web Applications
controls package is free and includes several other useful Web components, such
Chapter
as 18 - Object-Relational
a tabbed Mapping in .NET toolbar that will have your Web applications looking like desktop
view and a docking-capable
applications!
A Final Note on Tree Optimization
Using recursion
Appendix to walk
C - ADO.NET through Asked
Frequently the tree is not the most high-performance method of moving through a tree
Questions
structure. As an alternative, you can create an index that looks like Table 19-4.
Index
List of Figures
Table
List 19-4: An Indexed Table
of Tables
ListCATEGORYID
of Listings DESCRIPTION PARENTCATEGORYID INDEX
List of Sidebars
1 Video Tapes -1 1.0.0
2 Horror 1 1.2.0
3 Comedy 1 1.3.0
4 Romantic Comedy 3 1.3.4
5 Drama 1 1.5.0
The index is a string that shows the category at each stop of the tree. In Table 19-4, the root CategoryID is 1;
therefore, all of the first numbers in the index are 1. The second number is the next level down in the tree, which is
different for everything except the Romantic Comedy category. Romantic Comedy is a subcategory of Comedy, so
they share the second number 3. The last number is 0 for everything but Romantic Comedy because only it is
nested three levels deep.
The index would Apress
not actually
2003be stored
(928 pages) in the database but instead assembled in memory as a way to quickly
iterate through the tree
This without
text recursion.
provides extensiveThe reason of
coverage why it's not technology
ADO.NET a good idea to necessarily store the index in the
including
database is because ADO.NET
you would haveinternals, namespaces,
to use the substring classes,
function and
as part of your subquery, which would cause a
table scan. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Implementing an index such as this is both a good and a bad thing depending on how you look at it. The good part
is that once the tree is assembled, the tree can be iterated through and searched quickly and without recursion.
The of
Table bad part is there's a small upfront cost in building the index. Because .NET is stateless and will forget the tree
Contents
as soon as it's assembled,
Applied ADO.NETBuilding we included
Data-Driven the "quick-and-dirty" method over building the full index for the examples in
Solutions
this chapter.
Introduction
Chapter 1
If you plan-on
ADO.NET Basics
caching a tree or implementing some type of method that reuses the same structure, we
Chapter 2 - Data
recommend Components
adding an index.in Visual Studio .NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Large
Applied Master-Detail
ADO.NET: Relationships
One of the most common issues
Apress 2003 (928 with OR mapping is how to handle large master-detail relationships without
pages)
degrading performance.
This text provides extensiveways
There are several to handle
coverage these types
of ADO.NET of relationships. You'll have to decide what
technology
works best for theincluding
application
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and depends on how your data will actually be
you're building because the best method
used; also, someinterfaces, and takes
of it may require somea comprehensive look at XML
experimentation.
ADO.NET.
There are three primary approaches to this problem:
Implementing a lazy loading scheme

Table of Contents
Implementing Data-Driven
an incremental Solutions
lazy loading scheme
Introduction
Loading
Chapter the detailBasics
1 - ADO.NET when the master is loaded
Implementing
- ADO.NET inLazy
Chapter 3 Loading
Large master-detail
Chapter 5 - Handling relationships can be problematic in any relationship but even more so with OR mapping. The
ADO.NET Events
primary goals
Chapter 6
of OR mapping is to hide anything even vaguely resembling data access and to enable a clean
object-oriented Application Programming Interface (API) that's easily usable by anyone.
Chapter 8 - design
With these Constraints and
points in Data
mind,Relations
ideally you would like your API to work something like the following:
myCategory.Videos(0).Title
Because
Chapter 13 a- group of VideoTape
Developing objects
a Custom Data belong to a category, you want to be able to access the VideoTape
Provider
objects14
Chapter that belong to the
- Developing category
Database Webusing an array.
Applications The ASP.NET
using problem is that you don't always want to load all of the
VideoTape
Chapter objects
15 - Using from the
ADO.NET database.
in Xml In most cases, you load all of the categories and likely only one collection
Web Services
ofVideoTape
Chapter objects
16 - ASP.NET belonging
Server to aand
Controls category.
Data Binding
The solution to this problem is to implement an old programming trick called lazy loading. Lazy loading means not
actually loading the detail data until the program tries to use it the first time. This is most advantageous in a
situation such as the one in Listing 19-9, namely when you're only displaying the detail table on one or two of the
Chapter
master20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
items.
Listing22
Chapter 19-9: The
- SQL Addition
Server of the Videos()
and ADO.NET: Array to the VideoCategory Object
Appendix
Dim vidsB - Commonly Used SQL Statements
As VideoTape()
Appendix C -Public
ADO.NET ReadOnly
Property Videos() As VideoTape()
Index Get
List of Figures If (vids Is Nothing) Then
List of Tables Dim vDAC As New VideoTapeDataAccess()
List of Listings vids = vDAC.GetAllVideoTapesInCategory(Me.CategoryID)
List of Sidebars End If
Return vids
End Get
End Property
AVideoTape array called vids is added to the object. Because this array hasn't been initialized, its default value
isNothing. The read-only property Videos provides access to the VideoTape objects that belong in this
category.
When the calling program accesses the Videos array, the VideoCategory object checks to see if vids hasn't
been initialized. If it hasn't, then the VideoCategory creates an instance of the VideoTapeDataAccess DAC
and initializes vids with the array of VideoTapes that belong in this category. Listing 19-10 shows the HTML side
of the LazyLoading page.
Apress
Listing 19-10: The HTML Page
2003 (928of the LazyLoading Page
pages)
<%@ Page Language="vb" AutoEventWireup="false"
Codebehind="LazyLoading.aspx.vb" Inherits="LazyLoadingWeb.WebForm1"%>
ADO.NET.
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
Table of Contents
<title></title>
<meta content="Microsoft Visual Studio.NET 7.0" name="GENERATOR">
Introduction
<meta content="Visual Basic 7.0" name="CODE_LANGUAGE">
Chapter <meta
1 - ADO.NET Basics
content="JavaScript" name="vs_defaultClientScript">
Chapter <meta
content=http://schemas.microsoft.com/intellisense/ie5
name="vs_targetSchema">
Chapter
</HEAD>4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
Chapter
<body> 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events
Chapter
<form6 id="Form1"
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET runat="server">
method="post"
<table
Chapter 7 cellSpacing="0" cellPadding="0"
- Data Binding and Windows width="100%"
Forms Data-Bound Controls border="0">
<tr>
Chapter <td vAlign="top"
9 - ADO.NET Exception align="left">
Handling
<asp:table
Chapter 10 - Working withid="CategoryTree" runat="server"></asp:table>
</td>
<td vAlign="top" align="left" width="100%">
<asp:DataGrid id="VideoTapesGrid" runat="server"
AutoGenerateColumns="False" Width="100%">
<Columns>
<asp:BoundColumn DataField="VideoTapeID"></asp:BoundColumn>
<asp:BoundColumn DataField="Title"></asp:BoundColumn>
Chapter </Columns>
Chapter </asp:DataGrid>
Chapter
</td>19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
</tr>20 - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
</table>
Chapter
</form>22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
</body>
</HTML>
Index
List of Figures
The HTML of this page consists of two main elements. The first is a server-side table that renders the category
List of Tables
tree, and the second is a DataGrid that displays the VideoTapes that belong in the category.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Server-side table generation in the code-behind object is obviously not the best solution for rendering a tree
control. When implementing these techniques on an actual system, please be a responsible programmer and
implement your tree views using a Web custom control or subclass Microsoft's Internet Explorer TreeView object.
Listing 19-11 shows the code-behind object of the LazyLoading page.
Listing 19-11: The Code-Behind Object of the LazyLoading Page
Public Class WebForm1

Inherits System.Web.UI.Page
Protected WithEvents VideoTapesGrid As System.Web.UI.WebControls.DataGrid
Protected WithEvents CategoryTree As System.Web.UI.WebControls.Table
by Mahesh SelectedCategoryID()
Public Property Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
As Integer
Get Apress 2003 (928 pages)
This((""
If text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET
+ ViewState("SelCatID")) technology
= "") Then
including ADO.NET
Return -1 internals, namespaces, classes, and
End If
Return
ADO.NET.Convert.ToInt32("" + ViewState("SelCatID"))
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As Integer)
Table of Contents ViewState("SelCatID") = "" + Value.ToString()
End Set Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
End Property
ChapterPrivate
1 - ADO.NET
Sub Basics
Page_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As _
System.EventArgs) in Visual
Handles Studio .NET
MyBase.Load
Chapter 3 -DisplayCategoryTree()
ChapterEnd
4 -SubADO.NET in Connected Environments
ChapterPrivate Sub DisplayCategoryTree()
Chapter 7 -CategoryTree.Rows.Clear()
Chapter 8
Dim dac As New VideoCategoryDataAccess()
Dim category As VideoCategory
category = dac.GetCategoryTree(1)
Dim depth As Integer
depth = GetDepth(category, 0)
RenderTree(category, depth, 0)
Chapter 13 -If
(SelectedCategoryID <> -1) Then
Dim cCat As Web
Database Applications using ASP.NET
VideoCategory
Chapter 15 - UsingcCat
= cCat.FindCategoryByID(SelectedCategoryID)
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding = cCat.Videos
VideoTapesGrid.DataSource
VideoTapesGrid.DataBind()
Chapter 18 -End
Object-Relational
If Mapping in .NET
ChapterEnd
19 -Sub
ChapterPublic
20 - COMFunction RenderTree(ByRef
Interoperability and ADO.NET cat As VideoCategory, _
ByVal21depth
Chapter As Integer, _
- Messaging
ByVal22currentDepth
Chapter - SQL Server andAs Integer)
Appendix A -Dim tr As
Relational New TableRow()
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To currentDepth
Index
Dim spacerCell As New TableCell()
List of Figures
spacerCell.Text = " "
List of Tables
spacerCell.Width = Unit.Pixel(10)
List of Listings spacerCell.Height = Unit.Pixel(10)
List of Sidebars spacerCell.BorderWidth = Unit.Pixel(0)
tr.Cells.Add(spacerCell)
Next
Dim descCell As New TableCell()

descCell.ColumnSpan = (depth - currentDepth) + 1
Dim lb As New LinkButton()

lb.Text = cat.Description
lb.ID = "CAT" + cat.CategoryID.ToString()
AddHandler lb.Click, AddressOf Category_Selected
descCell.Controls.Add(lb)
If (Me.SelectedCategoryID Solutions Then
= cat.CategoryID)
descCell.BackColor = Color.YellowISBN:1590590732
Else Apress 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides extensive=coverage
descCell.BackColor of ADO.NET technology
Color.White
including
End If ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
descCell.Style.Add("white-space",
namespaces and classes, and how to integrate"nowrap")
both with
ADO.NET.
tr.Cells.Add(descCell)
CategoryTree.Rows.Add(tr)
Table of Contents
currentDepth Data-Driven Solutions
= currentDepth + 1
Introduction For i = 0 To cat.CountSubCategories() - 1
RenderTree(cat.GetSubCategory(i), depth, currentDepth)
Chapter 2 -Next
ChapterEnd
4 -Function
ChapterPublic Sub Category_Selected(ByVal
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)
Chapter 7 -Me.SelectedCategoryID
Data Binding and Windows Forms = _
Data-Bound Controls
Convert.ToInt32((CType(sender,
LinkButton)).ID.Substring(3))
Me.DisplayCategoryTree()
End Sub
Public Function GetDepth(ByVal cat As VideoCategory, _
ByVal depth As Integer) As Integer
Chapter 14 -Dim
Developing
tDepthDatabase Web Applications using ASP.NET
As Integer
Chapter 15 -Dim
Usingdeepest
As Integer
Chapter 16 -deepest
= depth
Chapter 18 -Dim
Object-Relational
i As Integer Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 -For i =Objects:
Mapped 0 To Performance
cat.CountSubCategories()
Considerations and Data-Binding
1
Chapter 20 - COM tDepth = GetDepth(cat.GetSubCategory(i),
Interoperability and ADO.NET depth + 1)
If (tDepth > deepest) Then
Chapter 22 - SQL Serverdeepest = tDepth
End Databases:
Appendix A - Relational If Some Basic Concepts
Next
Return deepest
End Function
Index
End Class
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
You of can
Sidebars
break the code-behind object of the LazyLoading page into two primary functional parts: the tree
rendering portion and the VideoTape listing.
TheDisplayCategoryTree() method delegates the task of building the table to RenderTree() and
GetDepth() methods after loading the data from the database. The GetDepth() method is needed so you
know how deep the deepest element is in the tree to determine what the ColSpan needs to be for each category
to achieve a nice tabbed look for the tree. As the tree is being rendered, it checks each VideoCategory to see if
it matches the SelectedCategoryID property. If it does, it highlights that category.
At the end of the DisplayCategoryTree() method, it checks to see if SelectedCategoryID has a value
provided. If it does, the program makes a call to the FindCategoryByID() method of the VideoCategory
object to get the category that the user has selected. It then sets the DataSource of the VideoTapesGrid to the
Videos array of the VideoCategory object and calls DataBind() to update the display.
As the Videos array is accessed
Applied ADO.NET: forBuilding
the first time, behind the
Data-Driven scenes the VideoCategory object loads the array
Solutions
ofVideoTapes from the database and returns
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot it. Subsequent attempts to the Videos collection of the
ISBN:1590590732
object will
VideoCategoryApress use the version
2003 (928 pages) already in memory without having to make another round trip to the
database.Figure This
19-8text
shows the LazyLoading page in action.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 10 - 19-8:
Figure Working with
The the ODBC
output of the.NET Data Provider
LazyLoading page
Implementing an Incremental Lazy Loading Scheme
Lazy loading
Chapter as described
15 - Using ADO.NET in
in the
Xmlprevious section works for most purposes, but if you're in a situation where the
Web Services
detail set
Chapter 16 is potentially
- ASP.NET hundreds
Server or thousands
Controls of records, then it becomes necessary to implement an incremental
and Data Binding
lazy loading
Chapter technique.
In a nutshell, when the information is first requested from the detail set, a small number of records will be retrieved
along with the count of the total number of records. If a request is made for one of the records that's out of range
Chapter
of what20 - COM
was Interoperability
loaded, andrecords
the rest of the ADO.NET will be loaded.
An example
Chapter of where
22 - SQL Serverthis
andtechnique
ADO.NET:isNotes
useful
onisPerformance
on a "summary page" that displays the first 10 records on the front
page and
Appendix A allows the user
- Relational to click Some
Databases: for more information.
Basic Concepts Most of the time the user will not click the link to see the
additional
Appendix B -records, so itUsed
Commonly doesn't
SQLmake any sense to load them and incur the network overhead between your Web
Statements
server and
Appendix C - database to fetch theAsked
ADO.NET Frequently entireQuestions
result set if it's not necessary.
Index
To implement the incremental lazy loading scheme, you must modify both the stored procedure and the
List of Figures
VideoCategory component. The VideoCategory object needs to get the first 10 records from the database,
List
and itTables
of also needs to know how many records there are total in the database, so the VideoCategory object will
List
knowof Listings
if and when an additional round trip to the database is necessary. Listing 19-12 shows the
List of Sidebars
VideoTapeLoadByCategoryIncrID stored procedure, which loads the first 10 video tapes for a given
category.
Listing 19-12: The Incremental Lazy Loading Stored Procedure
CREATE PROCEDURE dbo.VideoTapeLoadByCategoryIncrID

@CategoryID int,
@TotalRows int out
AS
BEGIN
SELECT @TotalRows = (SELECT count(*) FROM VideoTape WHERE CategoryID=@CategoryID)
SELECT TOP 10 VideoTapeID, CategoryID, Title, Description FROM
VideoTape WHERE CategoryID=@CategoryID
END Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
including ADO.NET internals, stored
TheVideoTapeLoadByCategoryIncrID namespaces, classes,
procedure firstand
gets the total number of records that are in the
result set and stores it in an output variable. The second Select statement actually loads the first 10 rows from
the database. ADO.NET.
To put this stored procedure to work, you need a custom indexer smart enough to transparently know when it
needs
Table of to return to the database to get the remaining records. Listing 19-13 shows the VideoCategoryIndexer.
Contents
Listing 19-13: VideoCategoryIndexer
Introduction
ChapterPublic Class
2 - Data VideoCategoryIndexer
Chapter 4 -Private
ADO.NET invids As ArrayList
Chapter 5 -Private cnt AsEvents
Handling ADO.NET Integer
Public Sub New(ByVal catID As Integer, ByRef conn As SqlConnection)
vids = New ArrayList()
Dim sda As New SqlDataAdapter()
sda.SelectCommand = New SqlCommand(_
"VideoTapeLoadByCategoryIncrID", conn)
sda.SelectCommand.CommandType = _
sda.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(_
"@CategoryID", Database Web Applications
SqlDbType.Int, using ASP.NET
0, "CategoryID")
Chapter 15 - Usingsda.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(_
Chapter 16 - ASP.NETSqlDbType.Int)
"@TotalRows", Server Controls and Data Binding
sda.SelectCommand.Parameters("@TotalRows").Direction
Chapter 17 - Building Real-World Web Applications = _
sda.SelectCommand.Parameters("@CategoryID").Value
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding = catID
sda.Fill(data)
cnt = Convert.ToInt32(sda.SelectCommand.Parameters("@TotalRows").Value)
vids.AddRange(VideoTapeDataAccess.GetVideoTapeArrayFromData(data))
End Sub
Public Function Count() As Integer
Index
Return cnt
List of Figures
End Function
List of Tables
List of Listings
Public Property Videos(ByVal index As Integer) As VideoTape
List of Sidebars Get
If (index >= vids.Count) Then
FullLoad()
End If
Return CType(vids(index), VideoTape)
End Get
Set(ByVal Value As VideoTape)
vids(index) = Value
End Set
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property LoadedCount() As Integer

Get
Applied ADO.NET:
Return Building Data-Driven Solutions
vids.Count
by Mahesh
End Get Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
End Property
including
Private ADO.NETFullLoad()
Function internals, namespaces, classes, and
Dim dac As
namespaces andNew VideoTapeDataAccess()
vids.Clear()
ADO.NET.
vids.AddRange(dac.GetAllVideoTapes())
End Function
Table of Contents
End Class
Introduction
End Namespace
VideoCategoryIndexer
Chapter immediately
4 - ADO.NET in Connected loads the first 10 records in the constructor using an inline call to the
Environments
VideoTapeLoadByCategoryIncrID
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events stored procedure. The stored procedure also returns a count of the
number of-records
Chapter 6
that existed in the database in the @TotalRows output variable, which
VideoCategoryIndexer then stores in the member variable cnt.
TheVideos() indexedand Data Relations
property accesses the internal ArrayList to get the requested VideoTape object. If the
Chapter
calling 9program
- ADO.NET Exception
requests one ofHandling
the VideoTapes within the rage that's loaded, it returns it immediately. If the
Chapter
calling 10 - Working
program with the
requests oneODBC
of the.NET Data Provider
VideoTape objects that has not been loaded yet, it transparently loads the
Chapter 11 - Stored
entire collection. Procedures and Views
Chapter would
13 - Developing a Custom notProvider
Data normally include a public LoadedCount property simply because the point
of an object
Chapter such as this
14 - Developing is to make
Database Webthe incremental
Applications lazy
using loading transparent to the calling program. It's only
ASP.NET
included in this example to provide "proof" to the test case that it's indeed working. Listing 19-14 shows the test
case for VideoCategoryIndexer.
Chapter
Listing17 - Building
19-14: Real-World Web ApplicationsTest Case
The VideoCategoryIndexer
Module IncLoadTestCase
Appendix
SubA -Main()
Appendix C -Console.WriteLine("Starting
ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions IncLoadTestCase")
Index Dim iLoadCat As New VideoCategoryIndexer(3, _
List
New of Figures
SqlClient.SqlConnection(VideoCategoryDataAccess.connectionString))
List of TablesConsole.WriteLine("Loaded " + iLoadCat.LoadedCount.ToString() _
+ of
List " Listings
out of " + iLoadCat.Count().ToString() + ".")
List of Sidebars
Console.WriteLine("Displaying First 10")
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To iLoadCat.LoadedCount - 1
Console.WriteLine("Item:" + iLoadCat.Videos(i).Title)
Next
Console.WriteLine("Displaying All")
For i = 0 To iLoadCat.Count() - 1
Console.WriteLine("Item:" + iLoadCat.Videos(i).Title)
Next
Console.WriteLine("Test Complete.")
Applied ADO.NET: Building enter
Console.WriteLine("Press Data-Driven
key Solutions
to quit.")
by Mahesh Chand
Console.ReadLine() and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
End Module namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table
The of Contents lazy loading test case first creates an instance of VideoCategoryIndexer. Second, it displays
incremental
the number Data-Driven
of items loaded as well asSolutions
the total count of items to be found in the database. Next, it displays all of
theVideoTape objects currently loaded. Finally, it displays all of the items in the collection. As it does this final
Introduction
step, it 1reaches
Chapter out into
- ADO.NET the database and loads the remaining VideoTape objects as soon as the requested index
Basics
is outside
Chapter 2 of the loaded
- Data range.inFigure
Components 19-9 shows
Visual Studio .NET the output of the incremental lazy loading test case that tests the
LazyLoading
Chapter component.
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 19-9: The incremental lazy loading test case output
List of Listings
List
The of amazing
Sidebars thing about this test case is that the object's lazy loading functionality is completely transparent. That
said, you can do certain things to enhance the functionality of this system.
If you were to implement IEnumerable, this collection would be capable of being data bound to any of .NET's
many controls. You would also be able to use it transparently as you would any other array.
Another thing you can do to enhance the functionality of VideoCategoryIndexer is to integrate it into the
VideoCategory object to use it as its internal means of loading the VideoTape objects that belong in the
category. This, combined with implementing the IEnumerable interface, would allow you to use incremental lazy
loading without modifying any code you may have written for the VideoCategory object.
You'll want to consider your own problem carefully before using lazy loading. If parts of your application will always
need the whole table, you need to keep VideoCategoryIndexer as a separate object only to be used when
you truly intend to do incremental lazy loading; otherwise you'll have code that calls two stored procedures instead
of one.
Loading theThisDetail When the Master Is Loaded
The third main tool at your disposal
interfaces, and takeswhen working withlook
a comprehensive potentially
at XML large master-detail relationships is loading the
detail table whennamespaces
the master table is loaded.
and classes, andThe
howadvantages
to integrate of doing
both withthis are minimizing the round trips required
to the database toADO.NET.
load and work with your objects.
The situation where this strategy is beneficial is when you need to be able to display the master as well as most, or
Table ofthe
all, of Contents
detail. A good example is a page that displays 10 orders per page, and each order has 1 to 20 line items.
The master table Order will Data-Driven Solutions
always display the detail table Selection every time the master is displayed throughout
Introduction
the application.
The solution
Chapter is toComponents
2 - Data implement ainGetOrdersByDay()
Visual Studio .NET method (or whatever method of choosing the orders you
need to provide) that automatically calls the
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environmentsstored procedures to load the Orders and the Selections for that
day and then assemble them into your mapped
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET in Connected Environments objects in memory.
Loading the detail automatically in situations where it's not needed increases the round trips to the database and
Chapter 6 -application
increases Integratinglatency.
XML with ADO.NET
Always make sure that this is what your users will be doing most of the time when
using this technique. and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
In situations
Chapter where you're
9 - ADO.NET loading
Exception more detail records than you'll be displaying, but you know that the user will be
Handling
asking 10
Chapter to see them fairly
- Working quickly,
with the ODBC makes this technique
.NET Data Provider a good fit if you have a simple high-performance caching
mechanism.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using a Near-Zero-Impact Caching
Applied ADO.NET: Building Mechanism
When working with mapped
Apress 2003objects, a number of places and situations call for a fast but not necessarily
(928 pages)
reliable caching mechanism. Although .NETcoverage
This text provides extensive is built toofbeADO.NET
a highlytechnology
scalable stateless model, it doesn't hurt
to use a little caching
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and unnecessary resources.
at the Web server as long as it doesn't consume
A good example namespaces
of where thisand classes,isand
is helpful how something
loading to integrate such
both as
with
an object for the currently logged-in
ADO.NET.
user. For each page view you get a cookie from the user that's their user ID, query the database, load it
into the mapped object, and then display their first and last name in the header of the page. Using a
simple caching mechanism eliminates many of these round trips and thus boosts scalability and reducing
Table of Contents
latency.
Introduction
The problem with using a traditional cache that keeps items cached for a set amount of time is the amount
Chapter 1 - consumed
of memory ADO.NET Basics
by the server increases for each user. The entire point of a stateless model is to
Chapter 2 - Datawhere
avoid situations Components
memory in usage
Visual Studio .NETfor all of the incoming connections to the Web server.
increases
In most4situations
Chapter youincan
- ADO.NET use what
Connected Microsoft gives you by putting the Cache object to work. In situations
Environments
where you
Chapter 5 -have a layer
Handling of abstraction
ADO.NET Events between what you're caching and ASP.NET, this simply isn't
possible without explicitly passing a reference to the Cache object to your data access components. Using
good OR mapping practices such as abstracting your objects from the presentation layer make the Cache
object unusable in a mapped application. This unfortunately means that if you need a caching mechanism
available in any situation where your code isn't executing on a Web server, you'll need to buy or write your
own caching object. Because you can't use the Cache object in your data access components, the
solution to implementing a caching system in the stateless model is to use weak references to your
Chapter
objects.11A -weak
Stored Procedures
reference is aand
wayViews
of referring to an object that tells the .NET runtime that if it needs the
Chapter
memory for something else to goOther
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and ahead.NET
andData Providers
overwrite the space where your object is in memory. If you
Chapter
attempt13to -access
Developing
your aweak
referenced object after its memory has been consumed by another process,
it will return Database
the Visual Basic null Web Applications
constant Nothing.using ASP.NET
Listing 19-15 shows the WeakCache object, a cache
Chapter
that won't15 -consume
Using ADO.NET in Xml
resources Web Services
needed by other parts of the application.
Listing17
Chapter 19-15: The WeakCache
- Building Object
Chapter
Imports19 -System
Imports
Chapter 20 -System.Collections
Namespace
Chapter EnterpriseVB.VideoStore.Data
Public
Appendix Class Used
B - Commonly WeakCache
SQL Statements
Private hash As Hashtable
Index
Private lastCleared As DateTime
List of Figures
List of Tables
Public Sub New()
List of Listings
hash = New Hashtable()
List of Sidebars lastCleared = DateTime.Now
End Sub
Public Property Items(ByVal key As String) As Object

Get
Dim ref As WeakReference
If (hash(key) Is Nothing) Then
Return Nothing
End If
If (lastCleared.Ticks + 1000000 < DateTime.Now.Ticks) Then
Dim temp As Object
lastCleared = DateTime.Now
temp = CType(hash(key), WeakReference).Target
hash.Clear()
by Mahesh lastCleared
Chand and David =
DateTime.Now
Return temp
This text
Endprovides
If extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Return CType(hash(key), classes, and
WeakReference).Target
End Get and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
Set(ByVal
ADO.NET. Value As Object)
hash(key) = New WeakReference(Value)
End Set
Table of Contents
End Property
Introduction
End Class
End Namespace
TheWeakCache
Chapter 6
object creates an instance of a Hashtable and sets the lastCleared property to the
current time. When the calling program sets a value in the Items indexed property, the WeakCache
object stores it as a WeakReference.
Chapter 9 -calling
When the ADO.NET Exception
program triesHandling
to get a value from the indexed property, a few things happen. As the
Chapter 10is-accessed,
property Working with
thethe ODBC .NETobject
WeakCache Data Provider
checks to make sure the value being requested is not
Chapter 11 -IfStored
Nothing. Procedures
it's Nothing, and Views
it returns immediately to avoid a NullReferenceException.
Next, it 13
Chapter checks to see ifa1,000,000
- Developing ticks
Custom Data have passed since the lastAccessed time. If they have, the
Provider
WeakCache object clears the entire cache after updating the lastCleared time to the currentTime
and returning the value for which the calling program has asked. You may be asking yourself the question,
"If weak references don't hog memory, why ever clear the cache?"
Chapter 17 -two
There are Building Real-World
primary reasons Web
why Applications
an occasional clearing of the cache is necessary. First, there has to be
Chapter
a check18to-make
Object-Relational Mapping
sure that cached in .NET
objects have some kind of expiration date. It would be bad if a user
Chapter
whose 19 - Mapped
account you Objects: Performance
locked out Considerations
didn't expire and Data
until you rebooted theBinding
server. The second reason is that
although
Chapter 20the object
- COM is weak referenced,
Interoperability the key isn't. If you don't clear the Hashtable from time to time,
and ADO.NET
these tiny
Chapter 21 -little keys will pile up and consume a noticeable amount of memory toward a collision course
Messaging
with the22greatest
Chapter fear ofand
- SQL Server all Web applications-
ADO.NET: Notes on paging. (Paging is when a machine runs out of available
Performance
RAM memory
Appendix and hasDatabases:
A - Relational to start writing
SometoBasic
disk,Concepts
which is substantially slower than RAM.)
The final thing the getter method of the Items property indexer does is actually return the value. All of the
checks prior to this step are necessary to guard against NullReferenceExceptions, keeping the data
Index
fresh and avoiding a memory leak.
List of Figures
List of Tables
Optimal areas to put a weak cache in your code are areas where large amounts of data, such as a detail
table,
List are loaded. Generally, in situations such as these, you want to cache the entire collection as a single
of Listings
entry
List in the WeakCache object so if one of the objects in the detail collection gets overwritten, the whole
of Sidebars
thing returns null. If you just cache the individual objects and scan through the collection to load the
details, some records may have disappeared. You want an all-or-nothing situation.
Apress how
2003 topages)
(928 use data binding with your mapped objects and how to overcome
common performance problems that arise when
This text provides extensive working
coverage with mapped
of ADO.NET objects. You can enhance the
technology
performance of your
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and to implement if you put OR
application in a number of ways that are far easier
mapping to work interfaces,
than if youand
usetakes
simplea comprehensive look at XML
DataSet objects.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
20: COM Interoperability
and ADO.NET
ISBN:1590590732
The component object Model
interfaces, (COM)
and has
takes a been aroundlook
comprehensive for many
at XMLyears and is used by many Windows
namespaces
applications. Eventually and classes,
the .NET platformand
willhow to integrate
replace COM, but both with
until then you may need to develop COM
ADO.NET.
components from .NET and access them from unmanaged code, or you may want to use COM
components in .NET applications. COM interoperability (also referred to as COM Interop) enables you to
use existing
Table COM components in .NET applications or use .NET components in unmanaged code.
of Contents
Note In this chapter you'll see how to use ADO and other COM-based data access technologies
Introduction
through COM Interop in your .NET applications. However, COM interoperability is a wide area. If
Chapter 1 you
- ADO.NET
want toBasics
learn about COM interoperability in more detail, you may want to read COM and
Chapter 2 .NET
- DataInteroperability
Components inbyVisual Studio
Andrew .NET (Apress, 2002).
Troelsen
The code
Chapter 4 written for the
- ADO.NET .NET Framework
in Connected is also referred to as managed code, and the code written for
Environments
traditional
Chapter 5 -Windows
Handling applications (previous to the .NET Framework) is called unmanaged code. Managed
ADO.NET Events
code contains
Chapter metadataXML
6 - Integrating used byADO.NET
with the Common Language Runtime (CLR).
In COM, type libraries stored metadata for a COM component and described the characteristics of a COM
component. In .NET, an assembly is the primary building block of a .NET application. An assembly is a
Chapter 9 of
collection - ADO.NET Exception
functionality that's Handling
built, versioned, and deployed as a component. An assembly contains an
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET
assembly manifest, which performs Data
similar Provider to a COM type library. The assembly manifest
functions
includes information about an assembly such as the identity, version, culture, digital signature, compile-
time dependencies, files thatand Other
make up .NET Data Providers
the assembly implementation, and permissions required to run the
Chapter
assembly13 properly.
In brief,15
Chapter COM understands
- Using ADO.NET the language
in Xml of type libraries, and the .NET Framework understands the
Web Services
language of assembly manifests. So converting a type library into an assembly manifest provides
accessibility to COM components from the managed code, and converting an assembly manifest to a
COM type library provides accessibility to .NET assemblies in unmanaged code.
Chapter
Interop19 - Mapped are
assemblies Objects:
.NETPerformance
assemblies Considerations and Data
that act as a bridge Binding
between managed and unmanaged code.
Chapter
Interop20 - COM Interoperability
assemblies and ADO.NET
provide mapping COM object members to equivalent .NET managed members.
The .NET
Chapter 22 -Framework
SQL Serverdefines a common
and ADO.NET: set
Notes onofPerformance
data types. All .NET programming languages use these
commonA data
Appendix types. During
- Relational the import
Databases: process
Some Basic of a COM type library, there may be cases when the
Concepts
parameters and return values of COM objects use data types that do not correspond to .NET data types.
The Interop marshaler handles these conversions for you. Interoperability marshaling is the process of
packaging parameters and returning values into equivalent data types during conversion of a COM type
Index
library to an assembly manifest and an assembly manifest to a COM type library.
List of Figures
List ofTip
Tables
If you're looking for more COM-and Interop-related answers, you may want to look at the
List of Listings
System.Runtime.InteropServices namespace and its classes in the MSDN
List of Sidebars
documentation.
Exploring the .NET
Applied Interop
ADO.NET: Tools
The .NET Framework
Apressprovides many
2003 (928 tools for runtime as well as Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET) users.
pages)
We'll use VS .NET for the applications in thiscoverage
This text provides extensive chapter,ofbut it doesn't
ADO.NET hurt to take a look at these options. It's
technology
easy to convert aincluding
COM library
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and There are three different ways to do
into a .NET assembly using these tools.
so. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Using Visual Studio .NET
Table of Contents
VS .NET provides a pretty simple way to import a type library in a managed application. The Project Add
Reference Data-Driven
menu option allows you toSolutions
access a COM library and add it to the project. This adds a
namespace to the project, so you can access the library members through that namespace.
Introduction
Using the
- DataType
Chapter 2 Library
Components Importer
in Visual Studio .NET and Exporter (Tlbimp.exe)
The Type
Chapter 4 Library Importer,
- ADO.NET known Environments
in Connected as Tlbimp or Tlbimp.exe, is a command-line utility to convert a COM
type library
Chapter 5 - into a .NET
Handling assembly.
ADO.NET Why a command-line utility? Well, this is an obvious question if you're
Events
using VS.
Chapter 6 -You can ignore
Integrating this
XML option
with if you use VS.NET for your development. This option is useful for
ADO.NET
developers
Chapter 7 - who
Data don't have
Binding andVS.NET.
Tlbimp.exe takes as a minimum one argument, the filename of the COM type library that you want to
Chapter 9
convert to -an
equivalent .NET Runtime assembly. The output of Tlbimp.exe is a binary file that contains
runtime metadata for the types defined in the original COM type library.
This is 12
Chapter the-syntax:
Chapter
tlbimp 14 tlbFile
- Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
[options]
where tlbFile
Chapter is the
17 - Building name of Web
Real-World the COM type library.
Applications
Table 20-1 describes some of the Tlbimp.exe options.
Chapter 20 - COM
Table 20-1: Interoperability
Tlbimp.exe Optionsand ADO.NET
OPTION
Chapter DESCRIPTION
/asmversion:versionNumber Specifies the version of the assembly to produce
Displays the available help commands
/helpC - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Appendix
Index
/namespace Specifies the namespace in which to produce the assembly
List of Figures
List/out:filename
of Tables Specifies the name of output assembly
List/references:filename
of Listings Specifies the namespaces to use to resolve references to
List of Sidebars types defined outside the current type library
/? Displays syntaxes and options for the tool
You can find Tlbimp.exe in the FrameworkSDK\Bin directory of your VS .NET or .NET Software
Development Kit (SDK) installation.
Using the Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe)

The Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe) does the reverse job of Tlbimp.exe. It generates an
equivalent type library for a .NET assembly. This utility is useful when you need to use a managed code
assembly in unmanaged code. Similar to Tlbimp, this utility also has options. The default command is as
follows:
tlbexp assemblyName
where assemblyName is the name of the assembly for which you want to convert an equivalent type
library. namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table 20-2 describes some of the options.
Table
Tableof 20-2:
Contents
Tlbexp.exe Options
OPTION
Introduction
DESCRIPTION
Chapter
/help 1 - ADO.NET Basics
Shows command syntax and options.
/out:file
Chapter 3 Specifies
- ADO.NET the nameEnvironments
in Disconnected of the type library to generate equivalent to an assembly. If
there are no options, the default name of the type library is the same as the
assembly.
Chapter
/? 6 - Integrating
Shows XML with ADO.NET
command syntax and options.
You can
Chapter 8 find Tlbexp.exe
- Constraints in theRelations
and Data FrameworkSDK\Bin directory of your VS .NET or .NET SDK
installation.
Caution You can't use Tlbexp.exe to produce a type library from an assembly that was imported
usingTlbimp.exe.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the ADO Recordset
Applied in ADO.NET
In this example, you'll
Apresssee how(928
2003 to import
pages) the ADO type library and use the ADO recordset to access a
database. After that, you'll fill data to a DataSet
This text provides extensive fromofthe
coverage ADO recordset
ADO.NET using a DataAdapter.
technology
Caution There's a cost and
interfaces, involved
takes in
a terms of performance
comprehensive when you use ADO in managed code because
look at XML
namespaces
of COM Interop. and classes,
Using ADO and how to integrate
in managed both with
code doesn't give you the same performance you can
ADO.NET.
get using and ADO.NET DataSet and DataReader. We use an ADO recordset only when we
have no other option--for example, when you have a library that uses ADO and you need to use
this library in managed applications.
Table of Contents
Applied
To testADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
this application, create Solutions
a Windows application and drag a DataGrid control to the form from Toolbox.
Introduction
To add a reference to a COM type library, go to the Add Reference option from the Project menu and select
Chapter
the COM1 tab
- ADO.NET Basics
in the Add Reference dialog box. As you can see from the Figure 20-1, we selected Microsoft
Chapter
ActiveX2Data
- Data Components
Objects in Visual
2.7 Library. ClickStudio
Select.NET
to add the selection to the Selected Components list. Now click
Chapter
OK. 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter 21 - 20-1:
Figure Messaging
Adding a reference to a COM library
This action adds the ADODB namespace to the project. You can see this namespace now listed in the
project's namespaces (see Figure 20-2).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 5
Figure- 20-2:
Namespace after adding ADODB namespace to the project
Chapter 7 - Data
After adding Binding andreference
a namespace Windows to
Forms Data-Bound
a project, Controls
its members are available for use in your project. You
include this namespace in your application
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations by calling Imports. You also should add a reference to the
System.Data.OleDb
Chapter namespace
9 - ADO.NET Exception because you'll use the OleDb DataAdapter to fill a DataSet. So, add
Handling
these two
Chapter 10 -name-space
Working withreferences to theData
the ODBC .NET project with this:
Provider
Chapter
Imports12 -ADODB
Imports
Chapter 13 -System.Data.OleDb
Now you can use the ADO recordset and connection to access a database. As you can see from Listing 20-1,
you create a Connection object and set the connection mode and cursor location. After that, you call the
connection's Executemethod to execute a SQL statement that returns the _Recordset object. The Fill
method of the DataAdapter reads data from a recordset and fills data to a DataSet. As you can see from
Chapter 19 -you
this code, Mapped
createObjects: Performance
a DataSet Considerations
and DataAdapter and
and Data
call theBinding
DataAdapter'sFill method. The Fill
method takes three parameters: a DataSet, a recordset, and a DataSet name. Finally, you bind the
Chapter
DataSet21 -toMessaging
a DataGrid to fill data from the DataSet to the DataGrid.
Listing 20-1:
Appendix Using an
A - Relational ADODB Some
Databases: Namespace to Access a Database
Basic Concepts
Appendix
Private C -Sub
Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Index
List
' of Figures SQL and Connection strings
Create
List
Dim of Tables
ConnectionString As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data
List Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
of Listings
Dim
List sql As String = "SELECT CustomerId, CompanyName, ContactName From Customers"
of Sidebars
' Create a Connection object and open it
Dim conn As Connection = New Connection()
Dim connMode As Integer = CType(ConnectModeEnum.adModeUnknown, Integer)
conn.CursorLocation = CursorLocationEnum.adUseServer
conn.Open(ConnectionString, "", "", connMode)
Dim recAffected As Object = Nothing
Dim cmdType As Integer = CType(CommandTypeEnum.adCmdText, Integer)
Dim rs As _Recordset = conn.Execute(sql, recAffected, cmdType)
' Create dataset and data adapter objects
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet("Recordset")
Dim da As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter()
' Call data adapter's Fill method to fill data from ADO
Applied
' Recordset to the ADO.NET:
dataset Building Data-Driven Solutions
da.Fill(ds, rs, "Customers") ISBN:1590590732
Apress
' Now use dataset 2003 (928 pages)
This text provides
DataGrid1.DataSource extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 20-3: Displaying data from an ADO recordset to a DataGrid
Once you
Chapter 20 -know
COM to access ADO in
Interoperability managed
and ADO.NETcode, you can do anything you want including adding, updating,
and deleting
Chapter data using an ADO recordset.
21 - Messaging
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using ADOX withADO.NET:
Microsoft ActiveXApress
Data Objects Extensions
2003 (928 pages) for Data Definition Language and Security (ADOX) is an
extension to ADOThis
thattext
provides an object model to manipulate
provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET data definition and security.
technology
You can use ADOX in managed
interfaces, codeaincomprehensive
and takes a similar way look
that you used an ADO recordset in the previous
at XML
section. Just add namespaces
a reference and classes,
to ADOX andlibrary
type how to integrate
using both with
VS .NET's Add Reference option and use the
namespace and its ADO.NET.
members as you would in unmanaged code.
To test this, create a new Windows application. After that, add a reference to the Microsoft ADO Ext. 2.7
Table of Contents
for DLL and Security component to the project (see Figure 20-4).
Introduction
Figure 20-4: Adding a reference to ADOX library
After adding Mapping
the reference, you'll see in .NET
that the ADOX namespace is listed in the available namespaces in
your application
Chapter (seeObjects:
19 - Mapped Figure Performance
20-5). Considerations and Data Binding
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 20-5: ADOX namespace listed in project references
Now, the only thing you need to do is to use the namespace and its members. The ADOX classes should
be available in your application after adding Imports ADOX to the project. ADOX provides objects that
Applied
you can use to create ADO.NET:
databases, Building
tables, Data-Driven
and columns. TheSolutions
Catalog object represents a database and
itsCreate method creates a new database. The Table objectISBN:1590590732
represents a database table. You can add
columns to a TableApress 2003
object (928 pages)
using the Columns collection's Append method. Listing 20-2 creates a new
Microsoft AccessThis text provides
database extensive coverage
called Test.mdb with theoftable
ADO.NET technology
MyTable and two columns, col1 and col2, in it.
Listing 20-2: Using ADOX from Managed Code
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
' Create SQL and Connection strings
Dim ConnectionString As String = _
Introduction
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=c:\\Test.mdb"
ChapterTry
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 ' -Create
Data Components in Visual
a Catalog Studio .NET
object
Chapter 3 Dim
- ADO.NET
ct As inCatalog
= New Catalog()
Chapter 4 ct.Create(ConnectionString)
Chapter 5 ' -Create
Handling ADO.NET
a tableEvents
and two columns
Chapter 6 Dim
- Integrating XML with
dt As Table = ADO.NET
New Table()
Chapter 7 dt.Name = "MyTable"
Chapter 8 dt.Columns.Append("col1",
- Constraints and Data Relations DataTypeEnum.adInteger, 4)
dt.Columns.Append("col2",
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling DataTypeEnum.adVarWChar, 255)
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Datacollection
' Add table to the tables Provider
Chapter 11ct.Tables.Append(CType(dt,
- Stored Procedures and Views Object))
End Try
End Sub
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Accessing Applied
OLAPADO.NET:
ServerBuilding
Data Data-Driven
with ADO.NET
Solutions
On-Line Analytical Processing
Apress (OLAP)
2003 (928 pages) is a service that represents raw data in a variety of views of
information that'sThis
easily understandable
text provides extensive by the users. of
coverage OLAP
ADO.NETprovides consistent and fast access to the data,
technology
which can be represented in personalized views in the real
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andworld without considering the size and complexity
interfaces,
of the database. For example,andOLAP
takes can
a comprehensive
represent data lookin at
theXML
form of three-dimensional cubes and cells.
namespaces
The server involved and classes,
in this processing and how
is called an to integrate
OLAP server. both
Thewith
OLAP server is a high-capacity,
ADO.NET.
multiuser data manipulation engine specifically designed to work on multidimensional data structures. The
ActiveX Data Objects Multi-Dimensional Library (ADOMD) provides access to OLAP server data. OLAP
services
Table extract, summarize, organize, and store data warehouses in multidimensional structures, also
of Contents
known as OLAP server cubes.
Introduction
To test this OLAP sample, you'll use the FoodMart 2000 database that comes with Microsoft SQL Server
Analysis Server. Before testing this sample, you must have SQL Server 2000 Analysis Server running. If you
don't have SQL Server 2000 Analysis Server running, you can install it from Microsoft SQL Server CD by
Chapter 3 SQL
selecting - ADO.NET
Serverin2000
Disconnected
ComponentsEnvironments
Install Analysis Services. This option installs SQL Server 2000
Analysis Server on your machine. Environments
Note
Chapter 6 Installing Analysis
- Integrating Services
XML with may not install the FoodMart 2000 database. You may need to restore
ADO.NET
Chapter 7 the database
- Data Bindingfrom the C:\Program
and Windows Files\Microsoft
Forms Data-Bound Controls Analysis Services\Samples\
Chapter 8 foodmart
- Constraints2000.cab file. You can restore a database by using Analysis Manager Meta Data
and Data Relations
Chapter 9 Restore option.
ADOMD functionality is defined in the msadomd.dll library. If this library is not listed in your COM
components list, you can use the Browse button on the Add Reference dialog box to browse for it. The
Chapter
default 12 - Oracle,
path for thisSQLXML,
library isand Other .NET Data
C:\Program Providers
Files\Common Files\System\ADO (see Figure 20-6).
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 20-6: Browsing the msadomd.dll library
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
After adding a reference to the msadomd.dll, the Add Reference dialog box looks like Figure 20-7.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 20-7: Adding a reference to msadomd.dll library
Now click
Chapter 7 the OKBinding
- Data button and
to add the reference.
Windows This actionControls
Forms Data-Bound adds the ADOMD namespace to the project (see
Figure 820-8).
Chapter - Constraints and Data Relations
Index
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables 20-8: ADOMD namespace listed in the project namespaces
List of Listings
Now you can use the Imports directive to include the ADOMD namespace in your project and use ADOMD
List of Sidebars
classes.
To test the source code, create a Windows application and add two ListBox controls, two Button controls,
aTextBox control, and a Label controls and set their properties (see Figure 20-9).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 2 - 20-9: Windows form
Data Components to testStudio
in Visual ADOMD .NET
Chapter 4 -references
Next, add ADO.NET in
of Connected
ADOMD andEnvironments
ADODB in the application as follows:
Chapter
Imports6 -ADODB
Chapter
Imports7 -ADOMD
Also, add
Chapter 10 the following
- Working withvariables
the ODBC in .NET
the beginning of the form class:
Data Provider
Private
Chapter 12 -strConn As String
Private
Chapter 13 -dbConn Asa Custom
Developing Connection
Data Provider
Private
Chapter 14 -dtCatalog As Catalog
Private
Chapter 15 -cubes As CubeDefs
After that, create Connection and Catalog objects on the form load and use CubeDefs of Catalog to
Chapter 18 -cubes.
get all the Object-Relational
As you canMapping in Listing
see from .NET 20-3, you then add all cubes to the ListBox and the number
Chapter
of cubes19to- the
TextBox.
Listing21
Chapter 20-3: Getting All Available Cubes from the FoodMart 2000 Database
- Messaging
Appendix
Private A -Sub
Relational Databases: Some Basic
Form1_Load(ByVal Concepts
Appendix
ByVal B -eCommonly Used SQL StatementsHandles MyBase.Load
Appendix
' C - ADO.NET Frequently
Construct connectionAskedstring
Questions
Index strConn = "Provider=msolap; Data Source = MCB;" & _
List of Figures
"Initial Catalog = FoodMart 2000; User ID =sa; Pwd="
' Create and open a connection
List of Tables
dbConn = New Connection()
List of Listings
dbConn.Open(strConn, "", "", _
List of Sidebars
CType(ConnectModeEnum.adModeUnknown, Integer))
' Create a Catalog object and set it's active connection
' as connection
dtCatalog = New Catalog()
dtCatalog.ActiveConnection = CType(dbConn, Object)
' Get all cubes
cubes = dtCatalog.CubeDefs
' Set text box text as total number of cubes
TextBox1.Text = cubes.Count.ToString()
Dim cube As CubeDef
For Each cube In cubes
Dim str As String = ""
ListBox1.Items.Add(cube.Name.ToString())
AppliedName
str = "Cube ADO.NET:
:" +Building Data-Driven Solutions
cube.Name.ToString() + ", "
str += "Description :" + cube.Description.ToString() ISBN:1590590732
+ ", "
str += Apress 2003 (928 pages)
"Dimensions :" + cube.Dimensions.Count.ToString()
Next This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ListBox1.SetSelected(0, True)namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table
If youofrun
Contents
the application, the output looks like Figure 20-10.
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 13 - 20-10: All available
Developing a Customcubes in the FoodMart 2000 database
Data Provider
The Get Dimensions button gets the dimensions of the selected cube in the left box in Figure 20-10.Listing
20-4 returns the dimensions of a cube and adds it to the right box of Figure 20-10.
Chapter
Listing17 - Building
20-4: GettingReal-World Web Applications
All Dimensions of a Cube
' Get the selected cube
Dim cube As CubeDef = cubes(ListBox1.SelectedItem.ToString())
Appendix' AGet- Relational
all the Databases: Some Basic
dimensions Concepts
of the selecte cube
AppendixDimB -iCommonly
As IntegerUsed SQL Statements
AppendixFor C -iADO.NET
= 0 ToFrequently Asked Questions
cube.Dimensions.Count - 1 Step i + 1
Index Dim dimen As Dimension = cube.Dimensions(i)
List of Figures
ListBox2.Items.Add(dimen.Name.ToString())
List of Tables
Next
ListBox2.SetSelected(0, True)
List of Listings
End Sub
List of Sidebars
The output of the Get Dimensions button fills the right box with the dimensions (see Figure 20-11).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 20-11:
Figure ADO.NET Basicsdimensions of a cube
Getting
The Get
Chapter 3 Dimension
- ADO.NETMembers button Environments
in Disconnected returns the properties of a dimension such as name, hierarchies,
UniqueName,
Chapter and Properties
4 - ADO.NET (seeEnvironments
in Connected Listing 20-5).
Listing 20-5: Getting Dimension Members
Private
Chapter 8 -Sub Button2_Click(ByVal
Constraints and Data Relations sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
Handles Button2.Click
' Get the selected cube
Dim cube As CubeDef = cubes(ListBox1.SelectedItem.ToString())
' Get the selected Dimension
Dim dimen As Dimension = cube.Dimensions(ListBox2.SelectedItem.ToString())
ChapterMessageBox.Show("Dimension
Properties :: Name=" + dimen.Name.ToString() & _
Chapter 15 ",
Description=" + dimen.Description.ToString() + ", Hierarchies=" & _
Chapter 16 dimen.UniqueName.ToString())
Chapter 17
End Sub - Building Real-World Web Applications
The output
Chapter 21 - of Listing 20-5 looks like Figure 20-12.
Messaging
Index
List ofFigure
Figures20-12: Viewing dimension properties
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Even though the Apress
.NET Framework uses a new approach to access data sources (through ADO.NET), it
2003 (928 pages)
provides COM interoperability services to access
This text provides extensive previous
coverage data access
of ADO.NET libraries. In this chapter, you
technology
learned how to use ADO, ADOX, ADOMD, and OLAP services in
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and managed applications using the COM
Interop services. interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Messaging service is one more popular topic these days. In the next chapter, you'll get a brief overview of
messaging services and learn how you can access them in the .NET Framework.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
21: Messaging
Messaging services are oneand
interfaces, of the most
takes effective and popular
a comprehensive mediums to communicate between two
look at XML
namespaces
machines. It doesn't matter if and classes,
you're and how
a high-tech to integrate
developer, both with
a stockbroker, a high-school student, or a
ADO.NET.
businessperson. In some way, you use messaging services. Some of the common messaging services are
electronic mail (email), instant messenger services, text messaging via phones, or messaging used in
complex
Table distributed applications.
of Contents
We could easily write a book on messaging itself. In this chapter, we'll give you a brief overview of
Introduction
messaging services and how you can access them in the .NET Framework.
The messaging
Chapter 2 - Data functionality
Componentsin inthe .NET
Visual Framework
Studio .NET Library is accessible through the
3 - ADO.NET innamespace.
System.Messaging
Chapter DisconnectedThis chapter starts by introducing you to the basics of messaging and
Environments
theSystem.Messaging
Chapter namespace.
4 - ADO.NET in Connected After that, we'll show you how to use messaging classes to write
Environments
real-world
Chapter 5 -distributed messaging
Handling ADO.NET applications.
Events
So, what is messaging? A message is some data transferred between two machines. These machines can
be two computers or other devices such as cell phones. These machines may be attached to each other
via the Internet, a local area network, or a wireless network. A message can be a simple text message, a
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
string, some streamingException Handling
data, some live streaming data, or some complex objects. Messaging is the
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data from
process of sending and receiving messages Provider
one machine to another.
Amessage
Chapter 12 - queue
Oracle,isSQLXML,
a mediator
and between two
Other .NET machines.
Data When a sender sends a message, it goes to a
Providers
queue that
Chapter 13 - holds the message
Developing a Customand makes
Data sure the receiver gets the message. A message queue also
Provider
guarantees
Chapter the deliveryDatabase
14 - Developing of the message. One of the
Web Applications simplest
using examples of this is email exchange using
ASP.NET
Microsoft
Chapter 15 Outlook. If you have
- Using ADO.NET anyWeb
in Xml message in your Outbox, Outlook will try to send it until it leaves. The
Services
messaging service that handles message queues in Microsoft Windows is called Microsoft Message
Queuing (MSMQ).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
IntroducingApplied
Types of Queues
You can divide queues
Apressin two categories:
2003 (928 pages) user and system. The user queues are used by a group of
network users, and system queues are used by the system.
Using User Queues namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
You can further categorize the user queues into four categories: public, private, administration, and
response queues.
Table of Contents
The public
Applied queues are published
ADO.NETBuilding on the
Data-Driven network's shared areas, which are available to all the valid users
Solutions
of the network. In other words, all of the authorized users of the network can access these queues.
Introduction
Unlike public queues, the private queues are not published on the network. Instead, they are published
and available only on the local machine that contains them. Only the workgroup users can access this
Chapter
type of 3queue.
To access Environments
private queues, a user has to pass the path and label of the queue. A path of the
queue is a folder where queues are stored.
The administration
Chapter queues
6 - Integrating XML contain messages acknowledging the receipt of messages, and the response
with ADO.NET
queues7contain
Chapter - Datamessages received
Binding and WindowsbyForms
the destination
Data-Bound applications.
Controls
Using System
Chapter 9 Queues
You can
Chapter 11also divideProcedures
- Stored the systemand
queues
Views into four categories: journal, dead letter, report, and private system
queues.
The journal queues can store copies of messages that applications send by using a queue. They also
store the messages removed from a queue. Each client machine maintains a journal queue for outgoing
Chapter 15 - and
messages, Using ADO.NET
the in Xml
server also Web Services
maintains a journal queue for each individual queue.
The dead
Chapter 17 -letter queues
Building stores undelivered
Real-World and expired messages. This queue is maintained on the client
Web Applications
machine
Chapter 18only.
The report queues contain messages that store the route of a message. These queues are also stored on
the client machine, and the private system queues store administrative and notification messages.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Installing Message Queuing
Before you start working
Apress with
2003 MSMQ, you must ensure that you've installed MSMQ on the server. You can
(928 pages)
install MSMQ by This
selecting Control Panel
text provides extensive Add/Remove Programs
coverage of ADO.NET Message Queuing Services. If you
technology
aren't running Windows
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and you to insert your Windows CD.
2000 or later versions, the installation may ask
interfaces, and
Windows 2000 (Professional andtakes a comprehensive
Server) installs MSMQ look at XML
with the operating system by default.
ADO.NET.
To see if you have MSMQ installed your machine, you can select Control Panel Administrative Tools
Computer Management and then expand the Message Queuing node, as shown in Figure 21-1.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 21-1: Viewing the Messaging Queuing node from Computer Management
Caution If you don't see the Message Queuing option here, you must install it.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using the System.Messaging Namespace
Before writing messaging applications,
Apress 2003 (928 pages) let's take a quick look at the key classes provided by the
System.Messaging namespace.
TheMessageQueue class isand
interfaces, thetakes
mostaimportant class look
comprehensive in theatSystem.Messaging
XML namespace. This
class represents a messaging queue in a messaging queuing server. This class provides members to
send messages to ADO.NET.
and receive messages from MSMQ. The Create and Delete static methods of this
class create and delete message queues, respectively. This class also provides methods to retrieve and
filter private and public queues available on the server.
Table of Contents
TheMessage Data-Driven
class is another Solutions
important class of the System.Messaging namespace. The Message
Introduction
object represents a message in message queuing. This class provides access to messages of a message
Chapter
queue.1It provides
- ADO.NET Basics that you can use to read a message body, label, priority, posting time,
properties
Chapter
sender,2authentication
- Data Components
mode, in Visual
and Studio .NET
so on.
TheMessageEnumerator
Chapter class represents
4 - ADO.NET in Connected an enumeration, which provides a forward-only cursor
Environments
through5 messages
Chapter - HandlinginADO.NET
a message queue, which you can use to navigate through from the first message to
Events
the last in -a Integrating
Chapter 6
message queue. An enumerator returns information about the message at the current cursor
XML with ADO.NET
position. It doesn't remove the message from the queue.
TheMessagePropertyFilter class controls and filters messages from a message queue. The
MessageReadPropertyFilter property of MessageQueue uses the MessagePropertyFilter
Chapter
object. 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
TheMessageQueueEnumerator
Chapter class
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other provides
.NET a forward-only cursor that you can use to enumerate
Data Providers
(loop) through
Chapter the messages
13 - Developing in aData
a Custom server.
Provider
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Webclass
TheMessageQueueTransaction Applications usingaASP.NET
represents transaction in message queuing. A complete
messaging transaction contains a successful send and successful receive. The
MessageQueueTransaction canand Data or
commit Binding
roll back transactions. Messages sent to transactional
queues are removed if a transaction is rolled back, and messages received from transactional queues are
Chapter 18to- the
returned Object-Relational Mapping in is
queue if the transaction .NET
rolled back.
TheTrustee
Chapter class
20 - COM represents aand
Interoperability user or a group account with a set of access rights that is trying to
ADO.NET
access a messaging item. The AccessControlEntry class allows, denies, or revokes access rights to a
trustee.
TheAccessControlList classSome Basic Concepts
represents a loss of access control entries that specify access rights for
Appendix
trustees.BIt's
- Commonly Used
a collection SQL Statements
of AccessControlEntry objects.
TheSystem.Messaging namespace also provides some formatting-related classes. These classes are
Index
ActiveXMessengerFormatter,
List of Figures BinaryMessageFormatter, and XmlMessageFormatter.
List of Tables
Messaging in .NET is compatible with previous versions of MSMQ. ActiveXMessengerFormatter
List of Listings
provides interoperability functionality, so you can use MSMQ ActiveX controls in the .NET Framework.
List of Sidebars
TheBinaryMessageFormatter class serializes and deserializes objects to or from the body of a
message in a binary format.
XML is the default format used by MSMQ and messaging services. XmlMessageFormatter is
responsible for serializing and deserializing objects to or from the body of a message in Extensible Markup
Language (XML) format using XML Schema Definition (XSD).
Finally, the System.Messaging namespace also provides one messaging-related exception handling
class:MessageQueueException. This class represents the exception that is thrown if an MSMQ internal
error occurs.
Working with Message
Applied ADO.NET: Queues
TheMessageQueue class
Apress is a(928
2003 wrapper
pages) around MessageQueuing, which defines functionality to access
and manage a queue on an MSMQ server. This
This text provides extensive classofalso
coverage provides
ADO.NET methods to create and delete queues,
technology
send and receiveincluding
messages, and retrieve queues and messages.
Using the MessageQueue Properties
ADO.NET.
It's always a good idea to know what functionality is provided by a class before using the class. Table 21-1
Table of Contents
describes the MessageQueue class properties.
Table 21-1: The MessageQueue Class Properties
Introduction
Authenticate This property represents whether a queue will accept only
authenticated messages. The queue will reject
Chapter 5 - Handling ADO.NET Events nonauthenticated messages. Both get and set.
BasePriority This property represents the base priority of messages.
Both get and set.
9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling This property is true if a message queue can be read;
CanRead
Chapter
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET otherwise, it's false. Both get and set.
Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views This property is true if a message queue can be written to;
CanWrite
otherwise, it's false. Both get and set.
Category This property
Chapter 14 - Developing Database Web Applications usingrepresents
ASP.NET the queue category. Both get and
set.
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and This
CreateTime Dataproperty
Binding gets the time and date the queue was
created.
DefaultPropertyToSend This represents the default message property when an
application sends a message. Both get and set.
DenySharedRecieve
Chapter 21 - Messaging This property is true if the queue has exclusive access to
receive
Chapter 22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes messages from the MSMQ queue; otherwise, it's
on Performance
false.
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Both get and set.
Concepts
EnableConnectionCache When this property is true, a cache of connections will be
maintained by the application; otherwise, they won't. Both
Index get and set.
List of Figures
EncryptionRequired If this property is true, the queue accepts only nonprivate
List of Tables
(nonencrypted) messages. Both get and set.
List of Listings
ListFormatName
of Sidebars This property represents the unique queue name
generated by MSMQ when queue was created. Read only.
Formatter This property represents the formatter used to serialize and
deserialize. Both get and set.
Id This property represents the unique queuing identifier.
Read only.
Label This property represents the queue description. Both get
and set.
LastModifyTime This property represents the last time the properties on a
queue were modified. Read only.
This property
MachineName Applied ADO.NET: Building represents
Data-Driven the name of the computer where
Solutions
queue is located.
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot Both read and write.
ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928 pages) This property represents the maximum size of the journal
MaximumJournalSize
queue. of ADO.NET
Both get and set. technology
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive
MaximumQueueSize look at XMLthe maximum size of the queue.
This property represents
namespaces and classes, andget
Both howand
to integrate
set. both with
ADO.NET.
MessageReadPropertyFilter This is the property filter for receiving or peeking messages.
Both get and set.
Table of Contents
This property represents the queue path. Both get and set.
PathADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Applied
Introduction
QueueName This property represents the queue's user-friendly name.
Both get and set.
ReadHandle
Chapter This property represents the native handle used to read
Chapter 4 messages from the queue. Read only.
SynchronizingObject This property represents the object that marshals the event
handler calls resulting from a ReceiveCompletedor
PeekCompleted event. Both get and set.
Transactional When this property is true, the queue accepts only
transactions.
11 - Stored Procedures and Views If this property is true, received messages are copied to
UseJournalQueue
Chapter
the journal
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET queue. Both get and set.
Data Providers
WriteHandle This property represents the native handle used to send
messages to the queue. Read only.
Managing Queues Using VS .NET
In Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET), the Server Explorer provides options to manage messaging queues in
Chapter 20 - COMserver.
the messaging Interoperability and all
You can see ADO.NET
available queues by expanding the
Servers\MachineName\Message Queues node. The Message Queues node has three children-Private
Chapter
Queues,22Public
- SQL Queues,
Server and ADO.NET:
and System Notes on Performance
Queues-that list private, public, and system queues, respectively.
Appendix
You canAsee
- Relational Databases:available
the corresponding Some Basic Concepts
queues by expanding these nodes (see Figure 21-2).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 21-2: Managing message queues through the Server Explorer
The Server Explorer also allows you to create and delete queues. To create a queue, right-click the
Chapter
Private19 - Mapped
Queues Objects:
or Public Performance
Queues Considerations
node and and Data
select the Create Binding
Queue option.
Note
Chapter 21 You may not be able to view or create public queues if you're a member of a proper domain or
- Messaging
Chapter 22 working on a and
- SQL Server WORKGROUP computer.
Now if you expand an available queue, you'll see children: Journal Messages and Queue Messages. You
can also delete messages from a queue by simply right-clicking and selecting the Clear Messages menu
option.
Index
List ofTip
Figures
After creating a message queue using the Server Explorer, you can easily add it to your
application by simply dragging the queue from the Server Explorer to a form. This action adds an
List of Tables
object of type MessageQueue to your project.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Retrieving Available Queues

TheMessageQueue class provides six methods, which you can use to retrieve private and public queues.
TheGetPrivateQueuesByMachine method retrieves private queues available on the server (see

Listing 21-1).
Listing 21-1: Retrieving Private Queues
Dim queList As MessageQueue() = _

MessageQueue.GetPrivateQueuesByMachine(".")
Dim que As MessageQueue
For Each que Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
In queList
Console.WriteLine(que.Path) ISBN:1590590732
Next que Apress 2003 (928 pages)

TheGetPublicQueues
ADO.NET.method returns public queues on the server (see Listing 21-2).
Listing 21-2: Retrieving Public Queues

Table of Contents
Sub GetPublicQueuesMethod()
Introduction
Try
Chapter 1 Dim
- ADO.NET Basics
queList As MessageQueue() = _
ChapterMessageQueue.GetPublicQueues()
Chapter 3 Dim
- ADO.NET
que Asin MessageQueue
Chapter 4 For
Each que Environments
In queList
Chapter 5 -Console.WriteLine(que.Path)
Chapter 6 Next que
ChapterCatch exp
7 - Data As Exception
Chapter 8 Console.WriteLine(exp.Message)
End Try
End Sub
TheGetPublicQueuesByCategory method returns public queues that belong to the specified
Chapter 14 This
category. - Developing
method Database
takes the Web
ID ofApplications
the queue asusing
an ASP.NET
argument, which can be retrieved by using the Id
property of MessageQueue. in Xml Web Services
TheGetPublicQueuesByMachine
Chapter method returns public queues that belong to the specified machine.
This method
Chapter takes the machine
18 - Object-Relational nameinas
Mapping an argument.
.NET
TheGetPublicQueuesByLabel method returns public queues that have the specified label.
Chapter 21 All
Note - Messaging
GetPublicXXX and GetPrivateQueuesByMachine methods are static methods. Hence,
Chapter 22 they
- SQLcan't
Server and ADO.NET:
be used Notes
through the on Performance class instances.
MesssageQueue
Listing 21-3
Appendix retrieves public
B - Commonly queues
Used SQL based on the specified category, machine, and label.
Statements
Listing 21-3: Filtering Queues Based on Category, Machine Name, and Label
Index
List of Figures
Sub
List GetQueuesByCategoryMethod()
of Tables
Try
List of Listings
Dim queList As MessageQueue() = _
List of Sidebars
MessageQueue.GetPublicQueuesByCategory(New _
Guid("{00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000001}"))
Dim que As MessageQueue
For Each que In queList
Console.WriteLine(que.Path)
Next que
End Try
End Sub
Public Sub GetQueuesByLabelMethod()

Try
AppliedAs
Dim queList ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
MessageQueue() = _ Solutions
MessageQueue.GetPublicQueuesByLabel("LabelName") ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
Dim que As MessageQueue(928 pages)
For EachThisque
text provides
In queListextensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including ADO.NET
Console.WriteLine(que.Path) internals, namespaces, classes, and
Next quenamespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
Catch expADO.NET.
As Exception
End Try
TableEnd
of Contents
Sub
Introduction
Public Sub GetQueuesByMachineMethod()
ChapterTry
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 Dim
- Data Components
queList in Visual Studio .NET = _
As MessageQueue()
ChapterMessageQueue.GetPublicQueuesByMachine("MCB")
Chapter 4 Dim que Asin MessageQueue
Chapter 5 For Each que
- Handling In Events
ADO.NET queList
Chapter 6 -Console.WriteLine(que.Path)
Chapter 7 Next que
Catch
Chapter 8
exp As Exception
End Try
End Sub
Filtering Queues Using MessageQueueCriteria
You can even filter public queues by using GetPublicQueues. This method takes an argument of type
MessageQueueCriteria. The MessageQueueCriteria class provides properties you can use to
filter queue types (see Table 21-2).
Chapter 20 - COM
Table 21-2: Interoperability and ADO.NET Class Properties
The MessageQueueCriteria
PROPERTY
Chapter DESCRIPTION
Category Filters queues based on this category (both get and set)
CreatedAfter
Appendix Filters queues
C - ADO.NET Frequently created after this time (both get and set)
Asked Questions
Index
CreatedBefore Filters queues created before this time (both get and set)
List of Figures
ListLabel
of Tables Filters queues based on this label (both get and set)
ListMachineName
of Listings Filters queues based on this machine name (both get and set)
List of Sidebars
ModifiedAfter Filters queues based on the queues modified after this time (both get and
set)
ModifiedBefore Filters queues based on the queues modified before this time (both get
and set)
UsingMessageQueueCriteria, you can simply filter the queues. The following code filters queues
based on a machine name and label:
Dim filter As New MessageQueueCriteria()

Filter.MachineName = "MCB"
filter.Label = "LabelName "
Applied
Dim queList As ADO.NET: Building
MessageQueue() = _ Data-Driven Solutions
MessageQueue.GetPublicQueues(filter)Talbot ISBN:1590590732
interfaces,
Tip To remove all filtersand
settakes
by thea MessageQueueCriteria
comprehensive look at XML class, call the RemoveAll method.
ADO.NET.
Creating and Deleting Message Queues Programmatically
Table of Contents
TheCreate method of MessageQueue creates a queue on the server. This method has two overloaded
Applied
forms.ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
The first form takes Solutions of the path of the queue, and the second form takes a path
only one argument
Introduction
with a Boolean argument, which represents whether the queue will be created as a transactional queue.
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
The following Basicsforms of the Create method:
shows both
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
Overloads Publicin Shared
Function Create(String) As MessageQueue
Overloads Public Shared Function Create(String, Boolean) As MessageQueue
TheCreate
Chapter method
7 - Data returns
Binding an objectForms
and Windows of type ControlsYou can create a public queue or a
MessageQueue.
Data-Bound
private 8queue
Chapter using theand
- Constraints Create method. The type of queue created depends on the path of the queue.
Data Relations
For a public
Chapter queue, the
9 - ADO.NET path syntax
Exception is MachineName\QueueName; for a private queue, the path syntax is
Handling
MachineName\Private$\QueueName.
The following code creates one public and one private queue:
MessageQueue.Create(".\MyPubQ")
MessageQueue.Create(@".\Private$\MyPrivatQ")
TheDelete Mapping in .NET
method of MessageQueue deletes a queue on the server. Similar to the Create method,
Chapter 19 - Mapped
the deletion Objects:
of the public Performance
or private queueConsiderations andpath
depends on the DataofBinding
the queue. The following code deletes a
public and
Chapter 20 -aCOM
private queue from and
Interoperability the ADO.NET
server:
MessageQueue.Delete(".\MyPubQ")
MessageQueue. Databases:
Delete Some Basic Concepts
(@".\Private$\MyPrivatQ")
TheExists method checks whether a queue path is available.
Index
List of Figures
Note TheCreate,Delete, and Exists methods are static methods and hence can't be used
List of Tables
through the MessageQueue class instances.
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Creating a Applied
Sample Application
Now let's create aApress
sample application.
2003 (928 pages)Create a Windows application and add controls to the form so that
the final form looks like Figure 21-3.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 10 - 21-3:
Figure Working with theQueue
Message ODBC .NET Data form
Manager Provider
The Create Queue button reads the name from New Queue Name text box and creates a new queue on
the server. Listing 21-4 shows a Create Queue button event handler, which reads the queue name from a
text box and creates a private queue. It also sets the priority of the queue based on the user's option
Chapter 15on
selected - Using ADO.NET
the form. in Xml Web Services
The Transactional check box is responsible for creating a transactional queue.
Listing17
- Building a Queue
Chapter
Private19 -Sub
Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations
CreateQueueBtn_Click(ByVal and DataAs
sender Binding
System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal20 -eCOM
As Interoperability and ADO.NET
System.EventArgs) Handles CreateQueueBtn.Click
ChapterDim
21 -str
Messaging
As String = String.Empty
ChapterDim
22 -trn
As Boolean Notes on Performance
= False
Appendix
' AIf- Relational Databases:type
transactional Some is
Basic Concepts
true
IfB CheckBox1.Checked
Appendix Then
trn
Appendix C = TrueFrequently Asked Questions
- ADO.NET
Index End If
' If queue is private
List of Figures
If RadioButton1.Checked Then
List of Tables
str = ".\Private$\"
List of Listings
End If
List of Sidebars
str += TextBox1.Text
If Not MessageQueue.Exists(str) Then
currentQueue = MessageQueue.Create(str, trn)
If currentQueue Is Nothing Then
' Set priority
If RadioButton4.Checked Then
currentQueue.BasePriority = _
Convert.ToInt16(MessagePriority.High)
ElseIf RadioButton5.Checked Then
currentQueue.BasePriority = _
Convert.ToInt16(MessagePriority.Low)
Else
currentQueue.BasePriority = 0
End If
ListBox1.Items.Add(TextBox1.Text) ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
ListBox1.Update() (928 pages)
End If This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
End If including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
Table
The of Contents
Delete Queue button deletes the queue from the server (see Listing 21-5).
Listing 21-5: Deleting a Queue
Introduction
Chapter
Private2 -Sub
Data DeleteQueBtn_Click(ByVal
Components in Visual Studio .NET sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal3 -eADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
As System.EventArgs) Handles DeleteQueBtn.Click
ChapterDim
4 -str
ADO.NET in Connected
As String Environments
= String.Empty
Chapter'5 If- Handling
queue is private
ADO.NET Events
ChapterIf
6 RadioButton1.Checked Then
Chapter 7 str = ".\Private$\"
ChapterEnd
8 -If
Chapterstr
9 -+= TextBox2.Text
' Create and connect to a public Message Queuing queue.
If MessageQueue.Exists(str) Then
MessageQueue.Delete(str)
End If
End Sub
The Queue Real-World
Properties Web Applications
button simply returns the current queue properties (see Listing 21-6).
Listing19
Chapter 21-6: Getting
- Mapped a Queue's
Objects: Properties
Chapter
Private21 -Sub
Messaging
QuePropsBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal22 -eSQL
AsServer and ADO.NET: NotesHandles
System.EventArgs) on Performance
QuePropsBtn.Click
Dim
Appendix A -props AsDatabases:
Relational String Some
= "Format Name: " + currentQueue.FormatName
Basic Concepts
props
Appendix += ", Base
B - Commonly Priority:"
Used SQL Statements + currentQueue.BasePriority.ToString()
props
Appendix += ", Frequently
C - ADO.NET Create Time:" + currentQueue.CreateTime.ToString()
Asked Questions
Index props += ", ID:" + currentQueue.Id.ToString()
props += ", Path:" + currentQueue.Path.ToString()
List of Figures
props += ", Max Size:" + currentQueue.MaximumQueueSize.ToString()
List of Tables
props += ", Transaction:" + currentQueue.Transactional.ToString()
List of Listings
MessageBox.Show(props)
List of Sidebars
End Sub
Creating a MessageQueue Instance

The simplest way to create a MessageQueue instance is just drag a queue from the Server Explorer to a
form in the form designer. This action adds a MessageQueuecomponent to the form.
But most of the time you'll be creating a MessageQueue instance programmatically. For that, you create a
MessageQueue object and set its path. For example, the following code creates a MessageQueue
instance programmatically:
Dim mq = new MessageQueue()
mq.Path = ".\mcbQueue"
Alternatively, youincluding
can alsoADO.NET
pass the internals, namespaces,
path in the classes,constructor
MessageQueue and as follows:
Dim mq = new ADO.NET.
MessageQueue(".\mcbQueue")
Table of Contents
Setting a Queue's Path
Introduction
You can create a MessageQueue instance from a path, from a format name, or from a label. Each of
these methods has their advantages. For example, in XML Web services, the format name method gives
you better performance than the path method. When a queue is disconnected, the path method won't
work. You have to use the format method.
Chapter 5 of
The path - Handling ADO.NET
queue takes Events
the form servername\queuename. Each type of queue has a unique path.
Chapter 6 the
Actually, - Integrating
path is theXML with ADO.NET
combination of machine name and queue name of a queue. You can use the
Chapter 7 - Dataand
MachineName QueueName
Binding properties
and Windows Forms of Controlsand combine them to get the path of a
MessageQueue
Data-Bound
queue.8
Chapter - Constraints and Data Relations
Table 21-3 describes the paths for different types of queues.
Table 21-3: Path for Different Types of Queues
Chapter
QUEUE 13 TYPE
- Developing a Custom Data Provider PATH
Public queue MachineName\QueueName
Chapter 16queue
Private - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding MachineName\Private$\QueueName
Journal queue MachineName\QueueName\Journal$
Machine
Chapter 19 -journal
Mappedqueue MachineName\Journal$
Machine dead-letter queue MachineName\Deadletter$
Machine
Chapter 22 -transactional dead-letter
SQL Server and ADO.NET: queue
Notes on PerformanceMachineName\XactDeadletter$
Tip The dot (.) represents the current machine in a path. For example,
MessageQueue1.Path=".\mcbQueue" represents the mcbQueue queue on the current
Index
machine.
List of Figures
List
The of following
Tables code uses the path of the queue:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
MessageQueue1.Path=".\mcbQueue"
You can use format names to indicate whether a queue is public or private. The
FORMATNAME:PUBLIC=QueueGUID,FORMATNAME:PRIVATE=MachineGUID\QueueNumber, and
FORMATNAME:PUBLIC=QueueGUID;JOURNAL names represent public, private, and journal queues,
respectively.
The following code sets the path of the queue as a public queue using format names:
MessageQueue1.Path = "FORMATNAME:PUBLIC=queueGUID"
You can also use a label name to refer to a queue. The Label property of MessageQueue represents
the label of a queue:
MessageQueue1.Path="LABEL:mcbQueue"
Sending and Receiving Messages
ADO.NET.
TheSend method of MessageQueue is responsible for sending a message to the queue. Using these
forms,
Table you can even specify the type of MSMQ transaction. The Send message takes the first argument of
of Contents
type Object, which can be
Applied ADO.NETBuilding a Message
Data-Driven object, a text string, or any other message. The Send method
Solutions
has six overloaded forms:
Introduction
Overloads
Chapter Public
2 - Data Sub Send(Object)
Overloads Public Sub Send(Object,
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected _
Environments
MessageQueueTransaction)
Overloads
Chapter Public
5 - Handling Sub Send(Object,
ADO.NET Events _
MessageQueueTransactionType)
Overloads Public Sub Send(Object, String)
Overloads Public Sub Send(Object, String, _
MessageQueueTransaction)
Overloads Public Sub Send(Object, String, _
MessageQueueTransactionType)
TheReceive
Chapter method receives
14 - Developing Databasethe
Webfirst message using
Applications in theASP.NET
queue and removes it from the queue. If there's
no message
Chapter available
15 - Using in theinqueue,
ADO.NET you
Xml Web can even specify a time span, and the method will wait for that
Services
interval16
Chapter or -until the next
ASP.NET message
Server is available
Controls in the queue. The Receive method has six overloaded
and Data Binding
forms: 17 - Building Real-World Web Applications
Chapter
Public
Chapter 19 Overloads Function
- Mapped Objects: Receive()
Performance As Message
Overloads
Chapter Public
20 - COM Function
Interoperability and Receive
ADO.NET _
(MessageQueueTransaction)
Chapter 21 - Messaging As Message
Overloads
Chapter Public
22 - SQL Function
Server and ADO.NET:Receive _
(MessageQueueTransactionType)
Appendix As Concepts
A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Message
Overloads Public Function Receive(TimeSpan) As Message
Overloads Public Function Receive(TimeSpan, _
MessageQueueTransaction) As Message
Index
Overloads
List of Figures
Public Function Receive(TimeSpan, _
List of Tables
MessageQueueTransactionType) As Message
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Both the Send and Receive methods take an argument of type MessageQueueTransactionType
enumeration, which specify the type of transaction. It can be Automatic,None, or Single. The None
type transaction represents that the operation will not be transactional. The Single option is for single
internal transactions, and the Automatic type is used for Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) or COM+
1.0 services.
Walking Through Simple Messaging Application

Before discussing messaging any further, let's create a simple messaging application using VS .NET. In
this application, you'll send and receive messages using a Windows application.
First, add two Label controls, two TextBox controls, two Button controls, and a DataGrid control to
the form. Second, Applied
set the ADO.NET: Building
second TextBox Data-Driven
control's Solutions
Multiline property to true. The final application
looks like Figure 21-4. As you can see, you'll read the title andISBN:1590590732
body of a message. The Send Message
Apress 2003
button will send message (928
to the pages) and the Receive Messages button will read all the messages from
queue,
the queue and display them in the extensive
This text provides DataGrid coverage
control.of ADO.NET technology
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 21-4: A simple messaging application
After creating
Chapter a Windows application,
18 - Object-Relational open
Mapping in .NETthe Server Explorer and expand the Message Queues node.
Right-click
Chapter 19 -the Private
Mapped Queues
Objects: node and Considerations
Performance click the Createand
Queues menu item. Type mcbQ in the text box
Data Binding
and then
Chapter 20 click
- COMOK. Don't select the
Interoperability andTransactional
ADO.NET check box. To verify the action, you should now have a
mcbQ queue
Chapter listed under your Private Queues node.
21 - Messaging
Now drag the mcbQ queue to the form. This action adds a reference to the System.Messaging
namespace and addsDatabases: Some
an object of typeBasic Concepts
MessageQueue called MessageQueue1.
Finally, the
Appendix C - only thingFrequently
ADO.NET you need to do isQuestions
Asked add code to send and receive messages. Listing 21-7 shows the
code of the Send Message button click event handler. As you can see, the code simply reads the title and
Index
body
List text, creates a Message object, sets its Label and Body properties, and then calls the
of Figures
MessageQueue.Send
List of Tables method.
List of Listings
Listing 21-7: Sending Messages to a Queue
List of Sidebars
Private Sub SendMsgBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles SendMsgBtn.Click
Dim msg As System.Messaging.Message = _
New System.Messaging.Message(titleTextBox.Text)
msg.Label = titleTextBox.Text
msg.Body = bodyTextBox.Text
MessageQueue1.Send(msg)
End Sub
Applied
Note We'll discuss theADO.NET:
MessageBuilding Data-Driven
class in more detail inSolutions
the following sections.
Listing 21-8 readsApress
messages
2003 from a queue and adds them to the DataGridcontrol. As you can see, this
(928 pages)
code calls the GetAllMessages
This text provides extensiveofcoverage
method MessageQueue,
of ADO.NET which returns an array of Message
technology
objects. After thatincluding
it simplyADO.NET
reads theinternals,
Label and
namespaces, classes, and Message and adds them to a
Body properties of a
DataTable. Thisinterfaces,
DataTable and is
bound look control
to the DataGrid at XML to display the results.
ADO.NET.Messages from a Queue
Listing 21-8: Receiving
Table of Contents
Private Sub RecMsgBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
e As System.EventArgs) Handles RecMsgBtn.Click
' Create a DataTable in memory
Introduction
ChapterDim
1 -dtTable As New DataTable()
ADO.NET Basics
ChapterdtTable.Columns.Add("Title")
ChapterdtTable.Columns.Add("Message Body")
ChapterDim
4 -messages() As System.Messaging.Message
messages
Chapter 5
= MessageQueue1.GetAllMessages()
' Need a formatter to get the text of the message body.
Dim stringFormatter As System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter = _
New System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter(New String() _
{"System.String"})
Dim index As Integer
ChapterDim
10 -msg
Working
As with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
System.Messaging.Message
ChapterFor
12 -index
Oracle, SQLXML,
= 0 To and Other .NET Data Providers
messages.Length - 1
messages(index).Formatter = stringFormatter
msg Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
= messages(index)
Chapter 15 - Using
Dim rowADO.NET in Xml Web
As DataRow Services
= dtTable.NewRow()
row(0)
Chapter 16 = Server
- ASP.NET msg.Label
row(1)
Chapter 17 = Real-World
- Building msg.Body.ToString()
Web Applications
dtTable.Rows.Add(row)
ChapterNext
ChapterDataGrid1.DataSource = ADO.NET
20 - COM Interoperability and dtTable
End Sub
Now, run the application, enter the title and body of the messages, and click Send Message to send
Appendix
messages C -to
ADO.NET Frequently
the queue. Asked Questions
When you're done sending messages, click the Receive Messages button to read
Index
all the messages from the queue (see Figure 21-5).
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 7 - 21-5: Messaging
Data Binding application
and Windows in action
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Working with Messages
TheMessage class represents
Apress a message
2003 (928 pages) in MSMQ. The Message class provides one static method
calledInfiniteTimeout that specifies that no timeout
This text provides extensive coverage exists. This
of ADO.NET class provides more than 40
technology
properties and someincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and ID, and priority of the message.
of them represent the body text, format, security,
interfaces,
You'll see this class's and takes
properties in theasample
applications XML
throughout this chapter.
ADO.NET.
Creating and Removing Messages
Table
You of
canContents
use the Message class to create a message. Once you have created a message, you can use it
as an argument
Applied of the Send
ADO.NETBuilding and Receive
Data-Driven methods of MessageQueue to send and receive messages.
Solutions
The following code creates a message and sets its priority, body, and label:
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Data
Dim msg1 Components
As Message = inNew
Visual Studio .NET
Message()
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
msg1.Priority = inMessagePriority.High
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
msg1.Body in Connected
= "Body of first Environments
message"
msg1.Label
Chapter = "First
5 - Handling Message"
ADO.NET Events
ThePurge method of MessageQueue removes all the messages from a queue. The following code
removes messages from MessageQueue1:
MessageQueue1.Purge()
Chapter
You can13remove
a single Data
message Provider
from the queue by calling the Receivemethod of MessageQueue.
Chapter
You can14also
use the ReceiveById using ASP.NET
method to remove a message identified by the ID. You can also call
Chapter 15 - Using
thePeekById ADO.NET
method in Xml
to find Web Services
a specific message and then use the RecieveById method to remove it.
Tip17
Chapter You can always
- Building remove
Real-World messages
Web manually from the Server Explorer by selecting the Queue
Applications
Messages
Chapter 18 Clear Messages
- Object-Relational menu
Mapping in .NET option. There's no way you can remove a single message
from
Chapter 19 a queue
- Mapped manually.
Setting Queue and Message Priorities
You can set both a queue's and a message's priority. Both MessageQueue and Message classes provide
properties to set their priorities. You can use the BasePriority property of MesssageQueue to get and
set a priority of a queue. It's only applied on public queues. The BasePriority of a private queue is
always 0.
Index
List
You of can
Figures
use the Priority property of the Message class to get and set the priority of a message. The
List of Tables
MessagePriority enumeration specifies the value of the Priority property. Table 21-4 describes the
List of Listings
MessagePriority enumeration members.
List of Sidebars
Table 21-4: The MessagePriority Enumeration Members
Lowest Lowest priority
VeryLow ThisBetween Low and
text provides Lowest
extensive message
coverage priority technology
of ADO.NET
Low Low priority
Normal Normal priority
ADO.NET.
AboveNormal BetweenHigh and Normal message priority

Table of Contents
High High priority
VeryHigh
Introduction BetweenHighest and High message priority
Chapter 1 - ADO.NETHighest
Highest Basics priority
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
The following in Disconnected
code creates Environments
two messages and sets their priority, body, and label properties:
Chapter 5
Dim msg1- Handling ADO.NET Events
As Message = New Message()
Dim msg2 As Message XML with
= NewADO.NET
Message()
msg1.Priority and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
= MessagePriority.High
msg1.Body = "BodyandofData Relations
first message"
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
msg1.Label Exception
= "First Handling
Message"
Chapter 10 - Working=with
msg2.Priority the ODBC .NET Data Provider
MessagePriority.Normal
Chapter 11 - Stored
msg2.Label ProceduresMessage"
= "Second and Views
msg2.Body
Chapter = "Body
12 - Oracle, of and
SQLXML, second message"
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedTransactional Messaging
Transactional messaging is the
Apress 2003 process
(928 pages) of sending and receiving messages in transactions. A transaction
is a set of one or This
moretext
messages. Transactional
provides extensive messages
coverage are grouped
of ADO.NET inside a transaction context,
technology
which keeps trackincluding
of the transaction states.
namespaces
Transaction processing andtwo
ensures classes, andthat
things: howalltomessages
integrate both with in a transaction either are delivered
bundled
ADO.NET.
together in order or that none of the messages participating in a transaction are sent if there's a failure in
transaction. The success of a transaction is called a committed transaction, and the failure of a transaction
is called an aborted transaction.
Table of Contents
In message Data-Driven
queuing, there Solutions
are two types of transactions: internal and external. In the internal transaction
Introduction
process, the message transfer happens between two queues belonging to a queuing server. On the other
Chapter 1 external
hand, an - ADO.NET Basics involves message transfer between a queue and other resources (not
transaction
Chapter
related2to queuing)
- Data Components
such as a in Visual Studio
database. This.NET
chapter discusses internal transactions only.
Chapter 4
Using the MessageQueueTransaction Class
TheMessageQueueTransaction class represents an internal transaction. This class has a property
calledStatus,
Chapter 7 - Datawhich represents
Binding the status
and Windows Formsof the transaction.
Data-Bound The status of a transaction is of type
Controls
MessageQueueTrasactionStatus
Chapter enumeration type. It has four values: Aborted,Committed,
Initialized,
Chapter and Pending.
TheAborted value represents the transaction has been aborted, and there will be no changes in the
current state of the messages. The Committed value indicates that the transaction has been committed
and all message were sent as expected. The Initialized value indicates that the transaction has been
initialized but not started yet. The Pending value represents that the transaction has been started and is
still in process.
Besides16the
Chapter property,
StatusServer
- ASP.NET the MessageQueueTransaction
Controls and Data Binding has three methods: Abort,Begin,
andCommit.
Chapter The Abort
17 - Building method
Real-World rolls
Web back the pending transaction. The Begin method starts a
Applications
transaction,
Chapter and the CommitMapping
18 - Object-Relational method in
saves
.NETthe pending transactions.
To create an internal transaction, you can use the Create method of MessageQueueTransaction,
and when you're sure you want to commit or roll back the transaction, you call Commit or Abort
methods.
Creating Transactional Queues
Do you remember when you created a new message queue in the Server Explorer using the Create
Index
Queue menu option? When you create a queue using the Server Explorer, there's a check box on the
List of Figures
dialog box that allows you to create a transactional queue (see Figure 21-6).
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 21-6: Creating a transactional queue using the Server Explorer
Creating a transactional message queue programmatically is pretty simple. When you use the Create
method of MessageQueue, you pass the second argument as true to create a transactional message
queue. For example, the following code creates a transactional queue:
Dim mq as New MessageQueue
mq =MessageQueue.Create(".\mcbTransQueue", True)
Sending and Receiving Transactional Messages
ADO.NET.
When creating a transactional queue, the Send and Receive methods of MessageQueue take the last
argument
Table as the transaction object. Listing 21-9 shows how to send and receive transactional messages.
of Contents
As you can see from this Data-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding code, the transaction
Solutions is only committed where there were no errors; otherwise,
the transaction
Introduction is aborted.
Listing 21-9: Sending and Receiving Transactional Messages
Imports
Chapter 4 -System
Imports -System.Messaging
Chapter 5 Handling ADO.NET Events
Module Module1
Sub Main()
'SendTransactionalMessages()
ChapterRecieveTransactionalMessages()
Chapter
End11Sub- Stored Procedures and Views
Public a Custom Data Provider
Sub SendTransactionalMessages()
ChapterDim
14 -mq
As MessageQueue using ASP.NET
= New MessageQueue()
Chaptermq
15 =- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
MessageQueue.Create(".\Private$\mcbTQ", True)
ChapterDim
16 -tran AsServer
ASP.NET MessageQueueTransaction
Controls and Data Binding = _
ChapterNew
17 -MessageQueueTransaction()
ChapterTry
tran.Begin()
mq.Send("Body
Chapter 20 of first
- COM Interoperability message", "Message1", tran)
and ADO.NET
mq.Send("Body of second message", "Message2", tran)
mq.Send("Body of third message", "Message3", tran)
tran.Commit()
Console.WriteLine("Transaction committed!")
Catch
tran.Abort()
Index Console.WriteLine("Transaction Aborted!")
List of Figures
End Try
List of
EndTables
Sub
List of Listings
List of SidebarsSub RecieveTransactionalMessages()
Public
Dim mq As MessageQueue = New MessageQueue()
mq.Path = ".\Private$\mcbTQ"
Dim tran As MessageQueueTransaction = _
New MessageQueueTransaction()
Try
tran.Begin()
Dim messages() As System.Messaging.Message
messages = mq.GetAllMessages()
' Need a formatter to get the text of the message body.
Dim stringFormatter As System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter = _
New System.Messaging.XmlMessageFormatter(New String() _
{"System.String"})
Applied
Dim index As ADO.NET:
Integer Building Data-Driven Solutions
Dim msg As System.Messaging.Message ISBN:1590590732
For indexThis text
= 0provides extensive coverage of
To messages.Length - ADO.NET
1 technology
messages(index).Formatter = stringFormatter classes, and
msg =namespaces
messages(index)
Console.WriteLine(msg.Label
ADO.NET. + "," + msg.Body)
Next
tran.Commit()
Table of Contents
Console.WriteLine("Transaction committed!")
AppliedCatch
Introduction
tran.Abort()
Chapter 1 Console.WriteLine("Transaction
- ADO.NET Basics Aborted!")
ChapterEnd
2 -TryData Components in Visual Studio .NET
End3 Sub
End Module
Tip Transactional processing is useful when you want to make sure that all messages in a transaction
are delivered or none of them are.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
EncryptingApplied
Messages
There are certainApress
requirements when
2003 (928 pages)you need to send encrypted messages to make sure the data you're
sending is secure.
This text provides extensiveincoverage
You can use encryption two ways.of First,
ADO.NET you technology
can encrypt a message itself. Second,
you can use queuing services to encrypt a message through the
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and MessageQueue class.
To encrypt a message, you can
namespaces anduse the DestinationSymmetricKey
classes, and how to integrate both with property of a message and then
ADO.NET.
send this message to the queue. The DestinationSymmetricKeyproperty represents the symmetric
key used to encrypt application-encrypted messages.
Table of Contents
TheEncryptionRequired property of MessageQueue sets whether a queue accepts nonencrypted or
encrypted messages. TheData-Driven Solutions
EncryptionRequired enumeration provides the value of the
Introduction
EncryptionRequired property, which has three values: Body,None, and Optional. The Body option
Chapter
makes 1sure- ADO.NET Basics
the queue only accepts private (encrypted) messages. The None option means the queue
Chapter
accepts2 only
- Data Components
nonencrypted in Visual Studio
messages. .NET
The Optional option means the queue accepts both encrypted
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
and nonencrypted in Disconnected Environments
messages.
TheEncryptionAlgorithm
Chapter 5
property of the Message class represents the type of encryption applied
on a message. This property is represented by the EncryptionAlgorithm enumeration, which has
three values: None,RC2, and RC4. The value None means no encryption. RC2 is a 64-bit block encryption,
andRC4 is the stream encryption. The block mode encrypts a block of data at a time, and the stream
mode encrypts a bit at a time.
Chapter
Listing 10 - Working
21-10 sends with the ODBC
encrypted .NET Data
messages. AsProvider
you can see, it sets the UseEncryption property of a
Chapter
Message 11 -object
StoredtoProcedures
activate theand
encryption.
Views
Listing13
Chapter 21-10: Sending
- Developing a Encrypted
Custom DataMessages
Provider
Chapter
Try 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Dim
Chapter 16 msg As
- ASP.NET System.Messaging.Message
Server Controls and Data Binding = _
Chapter 17 -New System.Messaging.Message(titleTextBox.Text)
MessageQueue1.EncryptionRequired
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET = _
Messaging.EncryptionRequired.Body
msg.UseEncryption
Chapter 20 = True
If (rc4RadioBtn.Checked) Then
msg.EncryptionAlgorithm = Messaging.EncryptionAlgorithm.Rc4
ElseIf (rc2RadioBtn.Checked) Then
msg.EncryptionAlgorithm = Messaging.EncryptionAlgorithm.Rc2
Else
msg.EncryptionAlgorithm = Messaging.EncryptionAlgorithm.None
Index End If
List of Figures
List of Tables
msg.Label = titleTextBox.Text
List of Listings
msg.Body = bodyTextBox.Text
List of Sidebars
MessageQueue1.Send(msg)
End Try
In this chapter, we covered
Apress some
2003 basic programming of messaging services. The System.Messaging
(928 pages)
namespace offers much more than we're able
This text provides extensive to discuss
coverage in this chapter.
of ADO.NET Still, this chapter should give you
technology
a quick jump startincluding
on MSMQ using .NET.
We also discussed namespaces and
the classes classes,by
provided and how
the to integrate
.NET FrameworkbothLibrary
with to work with messaging services.
ADO.NET.
We discussed how to create, delete, and manage queues. Additionally, we discussed how to send and
receive normal messages and transaction messages. Finally, we discussed the security, encryption, and
authentication issues involved in messaging and the classes provided by the .NET Framework Library to
Table of Contents
implement messaging.
Introduction
In the next chapter, we cover performance and optimization issues and how to handle these issues when
Chapter
working1 with
- ADO.NET
ADO.NET Basics
and SQL Server.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter Applied
22: SQL Server and ADO.NET:
Notes on
Performance
including
Ever since the early days ofADO.NET internals,
relational namespaces,
databases, classes,
optimizing and performance has always been as
database
much an art as anamespaces
science. Even today, you'll often hear of new "secrets"
through professional relationships
that take on the air of furtive
ADO.NET. backalley exchanges more reminiscent of a Le Carr novel than a sober
discussion between colleagues. This chapter discusses some SQL Server and ADO.NET performance
issues. It also discusses some best practices to make sure you get the most out of your code.
Table of Contents
Improving SQL Server Performance
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
The following Basics
sections provide some of the "back-alley" secrets we've accumulated over the years, as well
Chapter
as some2 of
- the
Datamore
methodical Studio .NET
approaches for examining your database and determining the best course
Chapter 3 to- achieve
of action ADO.NETthe
best performance.
Chapter 5
Using Indexes
Chapter 7 selecting
Properly - Data Binding and Windows
and managing yourForms Data-Bound
indexes can have Controls
the single biggest impact on performance using
any database-and
Chapter Microsoft
8 - Constraints SQLRelations
and Data Server is no different. Indexes are like little optimized tables that organize
the data
Chapter 9 you'll most commonly
- ADO.NET use so that you can find rows in the main table optimally.
Exception Handling
To manage the indexes on a table, simply right-click the table in Enterprise Manager, choose All Tasks
from the menu that pops up, and then select Manage Indexes (see Figure 22-1).
Figure 22-1: The Manage Indexes menu in Enterprise Manager
Index
From
List the dialog box that appears, you can manage any of the tables in any of the databases running in the
of Figures
current
List instance of Microsoft SQL Server (see Figure 22-2). You can change databases by choosing a
of Tables
different database from the Database drop-down list, or you can change the table you're managing your
List of Listings
indexes on by choosing another table from the Table drop-down list.
List of Sidebars
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 6 - 22-2: The Manage
Integrating XML withIndexes
ADO.NETdialog box
Once you have the database and table selected that you would like to manage the index on, the current
indexes that exist on the table display in the Existing Indexes area.
Chapter
To add10 - Working
a new index with
to thethe ODBC
table, .NET
click theData
NewProvider
button at the bottom of this dialog box. This opens the Create
New Index dialog box (see Figure 22-3). Having a good understanding of this dialog box and its implications
Chapter 12to- Oracle,
is critical creatingSQLXML, and Other application.
a top-performing .NET Data Providers
Determining which columns you should index in different
Chapter
contexts 13will
- Developing
be covereda later
Custom Data
in this Providerso for now you'll focus on the options for determining the
chapter,
behavior
Chapter 14of
- the index you'd
Developing like toWeb
Database create.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 22-3: The Create New Index dialog box
Checking the Unique Values box tells SQL Server that this index will be unique. If you're creating an index
on a single-column identity column or any other type of single column where you know the value will always
be unique, check this box. The index then knows that once it has found the item it's looking for, it shouldn't
look any further, which makes for a faster index.
The real value of this option comes into play when dealing with a multiple-column index that, when
combined, produces a unique value. For example, a complicated join table may not have any single column
that represents aby Mahesh
unique Chand
value, butand David Talbotof two of theISBN:1590590732
a combination columns is unique.
The Pad Index and Filltext
This Factor options
provides are related.
extensive coverageWhen you buildtechnology
of ADO.NET an index, the index pages contain as
much data as possibleincludingby ADO.NET internals, ifnamespaces,
default. However, classes,add
you subsequently anddata to the table, then it takes a little
longer because new interfaces, and takes
index pages havea comprehensive
to be created fromlook scratch.
at XML Setting the Fill Factor option allows you
to control how much spare space is left in each index page; a frequently updated table might have a Fill
ADO.NET.
Factor option as low as 20 or even 10 percent. An index with a lower Fill Factor takes up more space, but it
provides better performance. Note, though, that once the spare space is fully used, subsequent index
Table
pages of are
Contents
completely filled as if their Fill Factor was zero-regardless of what the setting was when the index
was created.
Applied At this point,Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding you shouldSolutions
recompile the index to recover the performance enhancement. At
installation, the default Fill Factor option for a server is set at 0, meaning each index page is completely
Introduction
filled, but
Chapter 1 you can alter
- ADO.NET this either through the SQL Server Enterprise Manager Server Properties dialog box
Basics
or by using the sp_configure
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual system stored
Studio .NETprocedure.
The Pad Index option performs a similar function and in fact uses the same percentage as the Fill Factor
option. SQL Server indexing uses an indexing method called b-trees, which means the index contains a
number of nodes where each node acts as a parent to two or more subnodes. The lowest pages of the
index, beyond XMLare
which there with
noADO.NET
further nodes, are called leaf pages, and it is these that the Fill Factor
option affects. Padding the index allocatesFormsspare
Data-Bound Controls
space in the intermediate nodes, allowing for much
Chapter
greater8expansion
- Constraints
to theand Data data
table's Relations
than the Fill Factor option alone would support. Typically, however,
Chapter
setting 9the-Fill
ADO.NET
Factor Exception Handling
option provides enough optimization, and you should pad the index only in high-use
scenarios.
The Clustered
Chapter Index
12 - Oracle, option internally
SQLXML, and Othersorts
.NETthe data
Data in a way that is optimal for a number of queries,
Providers
especially those involving GROUP BY,ORDER BY,BETWEEN, or join clauses. A clustered index also
provides a large boost for queries that involve aggregate functions such as MIN or MAX.
Chapter 15 -indexes
Clustered Using ADO.NET in on
don't help Xmlcolumns
Web Services
that contain data with little variability such as bit columns or
Chapter
columns that join to something finiteand
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls Data
such Bindingrepresenting states. Unless the country goes on a huge
as values
annexation binge, this number will remain relatively small compared to other things that are better
Chapter 18 - for
candidates Object-Relational
your clusteredMapping
index. in .NET
You can
Chapter 20have only
- COM one clusteredand
Interoperability index on any given table, so think about what you want to take advantage
ADO.NET
of the potential performance boost. This may sound trivial; however, if you closely examine a table, you'll
see a number of options. You'll have to determine which ones your queries will use the most.
Appendix
The Do A - Relational
Not Recompute Databases:
StatisticsSome Basic
option Concepts
comes with a warning that it is not recommended. In almost all
circumstances, Used
heed this SQL Statements
warning or you could get some unexpected results. The only situation where you
Appendix C - this
should use ADO.NET
optionFrequently
is where aAsked
tableQuestions
is read only and will never be altered.
Index
List of Figures
Choosing Which Columns to Index
List of Tables
List of Listings
Knowing which columns to index is as important as knowing what options to use when indexing them. This
List
is aofgood
Sidebars
place to start: Any column you frequently query is probably a good candidate for an index.
The best candidates for indexes are usually the primary keys of your tables. The reason for this is when
you're doing a multiple table join, you'll usually do the join on your primary key. If most of your queries use a
particular column, then it's probably optimal to make that column a clustered index. It's never necessary to
create an index for your primary keys because of the nature of how SQL Server stores data relating to auto-
numbered primary keys.
How SQL Server Stores Your Data
SQL Server works well when storing data. Its overall goal is to make sure that when a row is inserted, it
can be placed physically between rows above and below your primary key in terms of sort order. By
ensuring that the rows are stored in the order of your primary key, primary key searches are very fast.
For tables where you're providing your own value for your primary key, you'll want to use table padding.
by Mahesh
If your table uses Chand and David
an auto-numbered Talbot
primary key, your records will automatically be in the correct order
ISBN:1590590732
as you insert Apress
them because
2003 (928ofpages)
the auto numbering that SQL Server uses to store your data. In this
case, it's not This
beneficial to use table
text provides padding.
ADO.NET.
Also, when choosing what columns to index, remember that you only get one clustered index. The clustered
index groups and orders your index in a manner that it can quickly find what is being queried against.
Table of Contents
Also, don't waste your clustered index on a finite state column. This includes bits and numbers with little
variance (for example, an integer between 1 and 10). The clustered index shines on columns with broad
Introduction
variances in data, not in situations where most of the data in the column is the same from row to row.
Understanding
Chapter 3
the SQL Server Profiler
You can learn quite a few things about how to optimize your database by using the SQL Server Profiler. The
SQL Server ADO.NET
Profiler allows youEvents
to see what the database is doing, when it is doing it, and how long it takes.
You can
Chapter 7 launch
- Data the SQLand
Binding Server Profiler
Windows fromData-Bound
Forms the Microsoft SQL Server submenu in the Start menu or from
Controls
the Tools
Chapter 8 menu of Enterprise
- Constraints Manager.
and Data Once you've launched the SQL Server Profiler, you can start a new
Relations
trace by9 choosing
Chapter - ADO.NET NewTrace.
FileException This opens the Trace Properties dialog box (see Figure 22-4).
Handling
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 22-4: The Trace Properties dialog box
Once you've launched the Trace Properties dialog box, you'll see a number of important options. If you
intend on being able to run the optimizer (which can automatically perform a number of optimizations on
your database), you'll need to save the output to a trace file. You can do this by checking the Capture to File
box and then choosing a file by clicking the folder icon to the right of the box.
The Events tab allows you to manually choose the events you'd like to include in the trace. These events
include table scans, stored procedures being called, and more. It's worth your time to look through this
menu and identify the types of events in which you're interested.
The Data Columns tab provides you with the ability to choose the kind of information you want captured
when each of the selected events occurs. Some of the options included are the Application Name, CPU
Time Used, IO, and Duration.
Apress
The Filters tab allows you to choose
2003 the items you would like excluded from your trace. Generally, you don't
(928 pages)
need this tab when working
This againstextensive
text provides a development database
coverage whose
of ADO.NET traffic is limited to your usage, but it's
technology
helpful in buildingincluding ADO.NET
a trace against a internals, namespaces,
large server classes, databases
that has multiple and on it. In other words, it's helpful
to be able to filterinterfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
out the "noise."
ADO.NET.
Once you've started your trace, you'll be able to watch the activity on your database in real time and
understand how long each query and stored procedure takes to execute (see Figure 22-5).
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 22-5: The SQL Server Profiler with a trace running
If you're17watching
Chapter a trace
- Building on a live
Real-World Webproduction system, you should be able to quickly identify any stored
Applications
procedures
Chapter that are taking a Mapping
18 - Object-Relational long timeinto.NET
run by looking at the Duration column. Any stored procedure
taking longer
Chapter than 50
19 - Mapped milliseconds
Objects: is a potential
Performance danger and
Considerations to your
Dataapplication's
Binding scalability.
Optimizing Automatically with the SQL Server Profiler
The SQLA Server
Appendix Profiler
- Relational also provides
Databases: Some an outstanding
Basic Concepts tool that can automatically optimize your database for
you. Database
Appendix veterans
B - Commonly are SQL
Used probably cringing as they read this after having been burned by one of the
Statements
variety of applications that promised to do this and delivered marginal results. However, SQL Server's Index
Tuning Wizard provides most of the optimization that applications need as long as you understand a few
Index
caveats.
List of Figures
List of Tablesit's important to keep in mind that the Index Tuning Wizard does nothing for optimizing the
Foremost,
List of Listings
database for queries contained in stored procedures. This is a bit of a problem given that it's a good
List of Sidebars
practice to keep all of your database queries wrapped in stored procedures for optimal performance.
Note For more information about SQL Server performance, see Brad M. McGehee's site at www.sql-
server-performance.com. You can also refer to William R. Vaughn's books, notably ADO.NET
and ADO Examples and Best Practices for VB Programmers, Second Edition (Apress, 2002) or
the classic Hitchhiker's Guide to Visual Basic and SQL Server (Microsoft Press, 1998), which
discusses Visual Basic 6, SQL Server 7, and SQL Server 2000, Microsoft Data Engine (MSDE),
and ADO 2.0.
Fortunately, there are some workarounds to this particular problem. You can copy and paste queries from
your stored procedures into the Query Analyzer and have it assess the load you're putting on the database
and make an informed decision on what indexes should be added.
Once you've pasted your query into the Query Analyzer, choose Query Perform Index Analysis, and the
Query Analyzer will use the SQL Server Profiler to show you the best course of action (see Figure 22-6).
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 22-6: The Query Analyzer's recommendations for the current query
If the Query Analyzer has recommendations on what you should do, a second dialog box will pop up and
ask if you want it to automatically implement the recommendations. Often, it recommends adding an index
to a particular column that is causing a table scan because table scans take significantly longer to run than
indexed queries (see Figure 22-7).
Chapter 16 - 22-7:
Figure ASP.NETTheServer
QueryControls and recommendation
Analyzer's Data Binding to create an index that would help the query run
Chapter 17
faster - Building Real-World Web Applications
You can
Chapter 19also attachObjects:
- Mapped the SQLPerformance
Server Profiler to run a trace
Considerations andagainst your production database to identify
Data Binding
stored procedures
Chapter that are taking
20 - COM Interoperability longer
and to execute than you would like. Then, launch the wizard and
ADO.NET
choose21
Chapter Profile the Performance of a Stored Procedure; the tool will test that particular stored procedure
- Messaging
and recommend
Chapter what you
22 - SQL Server and can do to optimize
ADO.NET: Notes on its performance.
Performance
It's largely a matter of personal preference as to how you want to work to improve the performance of your
stored procedures. Although the wizard makes suggestions, you don't have the opportunity to tweak and
Appendix
alter theCstored
procedure Asked
the way youQuestions
do with the Query Analyzer.
Index
List of Figures
Optimizing Your Transact-SQL Queries for Performance
List of Tables
List
You of can
Listings
tune your Transact-SQL queries and stored procedures for performance in a number of ways.
List of Sidebars
Think of your queries as asking the database a question and think of the optimizations you make on the
query as asking the question in a way that requires the database less thought. Listing 22-1 shows an
inefficient query that you can optimize.
Listing 22-1: The Query from SelectVideosCheckedIn, Not Optimized
SELECT VideoTapeID, Title, Description FROM VideoTape WHERE VideoTapeID NOT IN

(
SELECT VideoTapeID FROM VideoCheckOut as vco WHERE VideoTapeID NOT IN
(SELECT VideoTapeID From VideoCheckIn as vci WHERE
)
The query in Listing 22-1 took
Apress 15 seconds
2003 (928 pages) to return 42,000 rows from the VideoStore2 database available in
the downloadableThiscode
text provides extensiveofcoverage
for this book. Most this is the
of time required
ADO.NET to pipe out that many rows to the
technology
Query Analyzer. But
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and a second off the query time. Figure
even with factoring that in, there's a way to shave
interfaces,plan
22-8 shows the execution andoftakes a comprehensive
Listing 22-1. look at XML
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure 22-8: The estimated execution plan of the query in Listing 22-1
By using
Chapter 5 NOT IN to test
- Handling the subqueries,
ADO.NET Events SQL Server has to do a comparison to make sure that the
VideoTapeID
Chapter doesn'tXML
6 - Integrating match atADO.NET
with each level of the subquery. To understand what SQL Server is doing to
perform7 this
Chapter query,
- Data it's helpful
Binding to be able
and Windows to see
Forms the execution
Data-Bound path and examine it for comparisons and
Controls
table scans
Chapter that you can
8 - Constraints eliminate.
and Data Relations
You can view this in the Query Analyzer by choosing Query Display Estimated Execution Path. This tool is
an especially powerful weapon in the war against inefficient queries.
Next to12
Chapter each item inSQLXML,
- Oracle, the execution path.NET
and Other is a Data
cost in terms of the percentage of the overall execution time
Providers
(always13adding
Chapter up to 100
- Developing percent).
a Custom DataAsProvider
you follow the execution path and move your mouse over each item,
you should
Chapter 14 - pay attention
Developing to a fewWeb
Database key Applications
items in theusing
pop-up text. The three most critical factors to pay
ASP.NET
attention
Chapter 15to- Using
are Estimated
ADO.NETNumber of Executes,
in Xml Web Services Estimated CPU, and Estimated IO.
Estimated Number of Executes lets you know how many times the comparison will be performed. If you can
think of a way to keep the logic of your query and still reduce the number of times this comparison must be
performed, you can have an excellent impact on performance.
The Estimated
Chapter 20 - COMCPU and Estimated
Interoperability and IO columns let you know how much CPU usage and disk IO is resulting
ADO.NET
for a single
Chapter 21 - step in the process of executing your stored procedure.
Messaging
Using the information derived from the estimated execution plan, you can identify a few areas that are ripe
for optimization. You can significantly reduce the table scan icon that is taking up 60 percent of the
execution time if you use a narrowing item in the WHERE clause.
Index
One of the biggest impacts you can have on the speed of your query execution is keeping the result set as
small
List as possible. To this end, you can modify the SelectVideosCheckedIn stored procedure to include
of Figures
a simple
List way to reduce the number of rows that must be compared to the subquery. In this case, narrowing
of Tables
theofresults
List based upon the CategoryID vastly reduces the number of rows that will be analyzed and
Listings
returned.
List Listing 22-2 lists an optimized version of SelectVideosCheckedIn.
of Sidebars
Listing 22-2: An Optimized Version of the SelectVideosCheckedIn Query
SELECT VideoTapeID, Title, Description FROM VideoTape WHERE

CategoryID=5 AND
VideoTapeID NOT IN
(
)
Another effect of narrowing the results from the VideoTape table before performing the subquery comes
from the Estimated Number of Executions that are now expected to run on the Table Spool step and its
related substeps.This text provides
Without narrowingextensive coverage
the results of ADO.NET
by CategoryID technology
first, this step executed 42,000 times-one for
each row in the database. With the VideoTape table narrowed
interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML by CategoryID, this number drops to a few
thousand, providing an enormous
namespaces boost toand
and classes, thehow
performance ofboth
to integrate the SQL
with statement. Figure 22-9 shows the
execution plan ofADO.NET.
Listing 22-2.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 4 - 22-9:
Figure ADO.NET
Theinestimated
Connectedexecution
Environments
plan of the query in Listing 22-2
A second
Chapter 6 strategy you can
- Integrating XML use
withto reduce the number of rows returned is to use SELECT TOP to reduce the
ADO.NET
number7 of-rows
Chapter Data you expect
Binding andtoWindows
be returned.
FormsThis can provide
Data-Bound an enormous performance boost, especially in
Controls
situations where
Chapter 8
you don't care precisely what records from the larger result set are required.
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
An example of whereException Handling
this behavior is beneficial is in an unordered queue situation. For example, if you had
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET to
a table that tracks tasks for employees Data Provider
perform and you wanted a query that would return 10 tasks for
Chapter 11 - Stored
the employee Procedures
to do, you couldand Views
write a query like this one:
Chapter
SELECT 13 TOP
10 TaskID, Data FROM
Name Provider
Tasks WHERE Assigned=0
The performance
Chapter increase
16 - ASP.NET Server comes
Controlsfrom
and two
Dataelements.
Binding First, the number of rows that have to be piped
across 17
Chapter the-network
Building is significantly
Real-World Web less. Second, the query can stop running as soon as it has any 10
Applications
records18that
Chapter meet the criteria.Mapping in .NET
- Object-Relational
If the query had to have the tasks in some type of order, such as Date Due column, then the query would
lose the benefit of being able to stop executing as soon as it identified 10 items meeting the criteria. Adding
Chapter
an ORDER21 -BY
Messaging
clause forces the query to completely execute to return the top 10 items in the correct order
Chapter
in which youSQL
22 - Server
expect and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
them.
Understanding
Appendix the execution
B - Commonly plans
Used SQL of your queries can help you devise effective strategies for producing
Statements
better stored
Appendix procedures.
Index
Avoiding Excessive Stored Procedure Recompilation
List of Figures
List of Tables
One
List of of the reasons stored procedures are faster than simply executing SQL directly against the database is
Listings
thatofstored
List procedures are interpreted and compiled into a structure that SQL Server can execute
Sidebars
efficiently. The danger that comes from this is excessive recompilation if SQL Server thinks something has
changed in your stored procedure.
A simple way to avoid excessive recompilations is to keep all of your variable and temporary table
declarations together in your stored procedure. Some types of declarations, such as the creation of a
temporary table, cause the stored procedure to recompile, but if it surrounded by other such statements,
they will all be compiled at the same time instead of breaking execution as each statement is compiled.
Another cause of your stored procedure being frequently recompiled is if the contents of the tables the
stored procedure is querying change frequently. If you have a table that is constantly changing, using
sp_executesql can keep your stored procedure from recompiling (see Listing 22-3). The downside of
this particular approach is that SQL Server won't be able to cache the execution plan of the query you run in
your stored procedure.
by Mahesh
Listing 22-3: Using Chand and David
sp_executesql Talbot a DatabaseISBN:1590590732
to Execute Query
EXEC dbo.sp_executesql N'
SELECT VideoTapeID,
interfaces, and takes Description
Title, a comprehensive FROM
look at VideoTape
XML WHERE
VideoTapeID NOT IN
( ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
)'
Introduction
Chapter 3 -what
To identify ADO.NET in procedures
stored DisconnectedinEnvironments
your database are recompiling excessively, use the SQL Server
Profiler4and
Chapter make sure
- ADO.NET you have the
in Connected SP:Recompile event selected. The SQL Server Profiler shows you
Environments
when each
Chapter 5 - recompilation occurs.
Handling ADO.NET If you're able to identify any stored procedures that recompile often, you'll
Events
have an6 excellent
Chapter placeXML
- Integrating to start
with tuning your database performance.
ADO.NET
Avoiding
Chapter 8 Locksand Data Relations
- Constraints
To avoid
Chapter 10two threadswith
- Working accessing the.NET
the ODBC same resource
Data at the same time, SQL Server has a locking system. If
Provider
your CPU
Chapter 11 -usage
Storedand IO are low
Procedures andbut your database is performing slowly, it's likely you have some bad
Views
locking12
Chapter conditions
- Oracle,occurring.
If you have a stored procedure that needs frequent recompilation, make sure you include the table owner in
all of your statements. When a stored procedure is being recompiled, it's in a locked state and can't be
called by another process until it has finished recompiling. If it has to look up who owns each table as it
Chapter
does the16recompile,
- ASP.NET it'll
ServertakeControls
longer. and Data Binding
Also, avoid
Chapter 18 - using cursors at all
Object-Relational costs. in
Mapping A cursor
.NET allows row-by-row processing on a result set. Sometimes a
cursor is
Chapter 19necessary, but it can
- Mapped Objects: put a lock on
Performance the table while
Considerations anditData
executes. You can rewrite most queries that
Binding
use a cursor
Chapter using
20 - COM either a CASEand
Interoperability clause or at least a TABLE variable if you're using SQL Server 2000.
ADO.NET
Finally, only use transactions when you need to-and keep transactions short. Because a transaction can't
have any data modified outside of the transaction while it's occurring, it'll lock almost everything it touches. If
you think through the execution of your transaction and come up with any way to keep your transactional
Appendix
integrity Bwithout
- Commonly Used
actually SQL
using a Statements
transaction, then you can reduce the number of locks that occur.
Index
Designing Your Tables for Optimal Performance
List of Figures
List
To of Tables the best performance from your database, you'll need to start thinking about performance as
achieve
List
youofdesign
Listings
your table schema. In every step of the process, think about how you'll query the data in the
List of Sidebars
table and how you'll run updates on it. Unfortunately, sometimes you'll have to break away from clean
design and choose one that is not as clean as you would like it to be to achieve optimal performance.
A common myth in designing a database for performance is that every table must have a primary key. In
general, it's a good idea for every table to have a primary key-unless the primary key will never be used. A
good example of this is a join table that sits between two tables and expresses a relationship between the
two. Adding an extra column to a table that represents a many-to-many relationship is like having a fifth
wheel on your car-it won't break anything, but it might hurt your gas mileage just a little. Figure 22-10 shows
a join table.
ADO.NET.
Figure 22-10: A join table that doesn't need a primary key
Table oftable
In the Contents
structure shown in Figure 22-10, the VideoTapeType table doesn't need a primary key. If you
Applied
added ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
another VideoTapeTypeID Solutions
column as an autonumbered primary key, it would be completely
Introduction
superfluous and add a useless piece of data to the database.
If performance
absolutely critical down
in Visual to the
Studio last cycle and you're willing to commit to an unclean
.NET
database design,
Chapter 3
denormalizing your data can be an effective means of achieving that performance. This
type of situation comes up fairly often when dealing with a system that allows people to log in and search
for companies. In this situation, you're working on a database that has two types of companies-companies
with people who can log into your system and companies that are just searchable data. It'll provide better
performance for the companies that can log in to have the companies that can't in a separate table. The
reason for this is it's likely that the number of companies that can't log in is significantly greater than those
Chapter 8 but
that can, - Constraints
at the same and Data
time Relations
you'll likely be doing many more queries on the companies that can log in. It's
definitely a convoluted situation and bad practice to track the same data in two places. However, if you can
Chapter
keep the10amount
- Working with the
of data ODBC
in one .NET
table Data
that willProvider
be frequently accessed small to the detriment of good design,
it can help quite a bit. and Views
Checking the Size of Database Pages
Chapter
In SQL15 - Using
Server ADO.NET
2000, data isininternally
Xml Web stored
Servicesas a collection of 8KB pages. The more rows that can be
Chapter 16 a
stored on - ASP.NET Server
single 8KB page, Controls and all
the faster Data Binding
queries run on the database will be and the less space the table
will take17up.
A simple way to find out how many bytes each row takes up is to look at the Size column in design view. If
you add up the size of each of these columns and it's perfectly divisible by 8KB, then you have a perfect
situation where no space will be wasted in the pages. This doesn't mean you should intentionally make your
tableslarger just to be divisible by 8KB-but in general smaller tables are better for your application's design.
If you have a table with more than 10 columns, make sure your requirements are best served by what
you're doing.
Database
Appendix C -page size isFrequently
ADO.NET one of theAsked
reasons why it's generally better to have multiple small tables as opposed
Questions
to a denormalized table that contains a large number of columns.
Index
List of Figures
Understanding Denormalization
List of Tables
List of Listings
The
List of opposite
Sidebars of normalization is denormalization, which essentially amounts to creating large, flat table
structures that have all of the columns you need on a single row. Denormalized tables are generally used
for reporting, for derived tables, or for data warehousing. In general, it's not recommended to use a
denormalized schema unless it's for one of those reasons-generally in a data warehouse or "business
intelligence" environment.
The performance benefit of these tables comes from the fact that the database doesn't need to join
multiple tables together. Denormalization is useful for situations where you need most of the data that's in
the table. If a denormalized table has 40 columns, and you really only need the data in two of the columns
the majority of the time, you're likely better off just using a regular normalized table schema to achieve
optimal performance.
Understanding
Appliedthe Dangers
ADO.NET: ofData-Driven
Building Database Design Slippage
Solutions
You have to maintain a fine balance when creating a database schema between three main elements:
This text
Clean normalized provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
design
Performanceinterfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Speed of development
If you're designing a large, complicated application, a good normalized design is probably the way to go. If
Table of Contents
scalability is the prime consideration, then performance comes first. If the application you're developing is
small and doesn't have scalability requirements, obviously speed of development is at the top of your list.
Introduction
Chapter 1 -make
Above all, ADO.NET
sureBasics
you're designing the application the way it's needed, and as with all professional
applications,
Chapter make
2 - Data the right tool
Components for theStudio
in Visual job and avoid architectural "gold plating" (creating a system that is
.NET
beautifully
Chapter 3 -geeky to ainprogrammer
ADO.NET but
Disconnected doesn't solve the business problem any better than a less-geeky
Environments
solution).
Chapter 4 The peopleinwho
- ADO.NET pay yourEnvironments
Connected salary probably don't know or care that your application uses an
absolutely
Chapter 5 -perfect normal
Handling form.
ADO.NET Events
With this consideration, you have to be careful when you start slipping from clean design because without
discipline it can become a "slippery slope." Sometimes doing the "wrong" thing because it's fast can make
development slow later as you work to cover up the sins of your past. Always think in terms of both
Chapter
longterm9 lazy
- ADO.NET Exceptionlazy
and short-term Handling
(described in Chapters 18 and 19).
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedADO.NET
ADO.NET: BuildingPerformance Issues and Using Best
Practices Apress 2003 (928 pages)
This text
The following sections provides
discuss someextensive coverage
performance of ADO.NET
strategies and technology
best practices when working with
ADO.NET.
ADO.NET.
Selecting Data Providers
Many data providers are available to work with a single database, and selecting a best-suited data provider
Table of Contents
is the first step to designing performance-oriented, datadriven solutions. Some of the common data
providers discussed in this book are Sql, OleDb, ODBC, OracleClient, and SQLXML.
Introduction
Chapter 1 -provider
Each data ADO.NETacts
Basics
in a different way because of its internal architecture and the way it's designed.
Chapter 2 - Data
For example, theComponents
ODBC data in Visual Studio
provider .NET drivers, and the OleDb data provider uses OLE DB
uses ODBC
providers
Chapter 3 to connect to
- ADO.NET different dataEnvironments
in Disconnected sources. Each of these technologies works differently internally.
Selecting a- data
Chapter 5
provider depends on your application's requirements. This section discusses the different
scenarios and the best solutions.
Chapter
To work7 with
- Data
SQLBinding
Serverand Windows you
databases, Forms
canData-Bound
use any ofControls
these three data providers: Sql, OleDb, and
Chapter
ODBC.8But- Constraints andwith
when working Data Relations
SQL Server 7.0 or later databases, the Sql data provider is the best choice.
Chapter 9 data
No other - ADO.NET
providerException
can beatHandling
the performance of the Sql data provider in this case. The Sql data
Chapter 10can
provider - Working
providewith
much thefaster
ODBCdata
.NETaccess
Data Provider
than the OleDb and ODBC data providers. That said, the
Sql data
Chapter 11provider
- Storedisn't the bestand
Procedures choice to work with SQL Server 6.5 or prior versions of SQL Server.
Views
When working with Access databases, OleDb is the obvious choice. You can even use ODBC data
providers, but OleDb provides better performance.
Chapter 15 - data
The ODBC Usingprovider
ADO.NETisin Xml Web
useful whenServices
your application needs to access an ODBC data source or there
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data
aren't OleDb or other providers available. ForBinding
example, if you need to access Excel or text data sources,
Chapter
you can17simply
do this Web Applications
using ODBC data sources.
Now let's
Chapter 19 say your application
- Mapped needs to access
Objects: Performance an Oracle
Considerations database.
and There are different ways you can work
Data Binding
with Oracle
Chapter databases.
20 - COM You can and
Interoperability useADO.NET
the ODBC data provider. Microsoft already has released an Oracle
.NET data provider called OracleClient. Oracle offers another .NET provider developed for Oracle
databases. Besides these three data providers, CoreLab offers an Oracle .NET data provider called
OraDirect. So, now the question is this: Which one do you choose? Obviously, using an Oracle .NET data
provider (either Microsoft, Oracle, or CoreLab) is better than using an ODBC data provider to access
Oracle databases. Performance-wise, the Oracle data provider is faster than the ODBC data provider
because there's no overhead ODBC layer.
Index
List ofNote The .NET Framework 1.1 (or Visual Studio 2003) installs the Oracle and ODBC data providers.
Figures
The OleDb, Sql, Odbc, and Oracle data providers are defined in the System.Data.OleDb,
List of Tables
System.Data.SqlClient,System.Data.Odbc, and System.Data.OracleClient
List of Listings
namespaces (respectively).
List of Sidebars
Choosing from different Oracle .NET data providers depends on your options. Microsoft's Oracle .NET
data provider is available free as a part of ADO.NET. If you want to use a third-party data provider such as
OraDirect, you need to pay for it.
So, what's the solution when you need to work with different databases? Developing custom data access
code is definitely a good idea. A custom data provider can consume all data providers to find out the best
solution. Because all data providers implement ADO.NET interfaces, you can write some generic code
based on the interfaces that will work with any data provider. The following section shows you how to write
a generic data access component that utilizes multiple data providers to give you the best options.
Writing a Generic Data Access
Applied ADO.NET: Component
In this section, you'll create a simple generic data access class that allows you to select a DataAdapter
at runtime. Based on the similar theory, you can extend this class by adding other common functionality to
it.
Listing 22-4 lists the generic class.
namespaces As youand
and classes, canhow
see,tothis code uses
integrate both interfaces
with to create a connection and
DataAdapter objects.
ADO.NET.This class has two methods: GetConnection and GetDataAdapter. The
GetConnection method returns an IDbConnection object created using different data providers
based on the connection type and connection string passed in the method. The code also provides
Table of Contents
functionality for the Sql, OleDb, ODBC, and Oracle data providers.
Listing 22-4: Generic Data Access Class
Introduction
Chapter 2 - Data
' Generic Components
Data Access incomponent
Visual Studio class
.NET
Chapter
Public 3 Class
GenericDataAccessComp
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Private idbConnin Connected Environments = Nothing
As IDbConnection
Private ADO.NETAs
idbAdapter Events
IDbDataAdapter = Nothing
Private
Chapter dbAdapter
6 - Integrating As DbDataAdapter
XML with ADO.NET = Nothing
' Default
Chapter 7 - Data connection type Forms
Binding and Windows exposed through
Data-Bound Controls
' ConnectionType
' 19 - -Sql;
Chapter 2 -Exception
ADO.NET OleDb,Handling
3 - Odbc
' 410- -Oracle
Chapter Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Private DefConnType As Int16 = 1
' Default connection string exposed through
' ConnString property
Private DefConnStr As String
Public Sub GenericDataAccessComp()
Chapter
End17Sub
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects:
' GetConnection Performance
returns Considerations and Data Binding
IDbConnection
Chapter 20 - COM
Public Interoperability
Function and ADO.NET
GetConnection(ByVal connType As Integer, _
Chapter
ByVal21 -connString
Messaging As String) As IDbConnection
ChapterSelect
22 - SQLCase
ServerconnType
Case
Appendix A 1
Appendix B -'Commonly
OleDb Data Provider
Used SQL Statements
Appendix C -idbConn = New SqlConnection(connString)
Index Case 2
List of Figures
' Sql Data Provider
idbConn = New OleDbConnection(connString)
List of Tables
Case 3
List of Listings
' ODBC Data Provider
List of Sidebars
idbConn = New OdbcConnection(connString)
Case 4
' Oracle data provider
idbConn = New OracleConnection(connString)
Case Else
Exit Function
End Select
Return idbConn
End Function
' GetDataAdapter returns IDbDataAdapter

Public Function GetDataAdapter(ByVal connType As Integer, _
ByVal conn As IDbConnection, ByVal sql As String) _
As IDbDataAdapter
Apress 2003
Select Case connType (928 pages)
Case 1 This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
including
' OleDb DataADO.NET
Providerinternals, namespaces, classes, and
idbAdapter
namespaces = New SqlDataAdapter(sql,
and classes, conn)
Case 2 ADO.NET.
' Sql Data Provider
idbAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Table of Contents
Case 3
' ODBC Data Data-Driven
Provider Solutions
Introduction idbAdapter = New OdbcDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Chapter 1 Case
- ADO.NET
4 Basics
Chapter 2 -'Oracle
data provider
Chapter 3 -idbAdapter = New OracleDataAdapter(sql,
ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments conn)
Chapter 4 Case Else in Connected Environments
- ADO.NET
Chapter 5 -Exit Function
ChapterEnd
6 -Select
ChapterReturn
7 - Data idbAdapter
End Function
End Class
TheGetDataAdapter and returns
method Other .NET Data Providers
an IDbDataAdapter object created based on the connection
and connection a Custom
type variables Data Provider
passed in the method. You can also add methods to return a DataSet, a
DataReader, Database
and other objectsWeb
fromApplications
this class. using ASP.NET
Now you're
Chapter going to create
16 - ASP.NET a Windows
Server Controls andapplication that consumes the class in Listing 22-4. Add a
Data Binding
Chapter 17 - control,
GroupBox Building four RadioButton
Real-World controls, a DataGrid control, and a Button control. After
Web Applications
changing
Chapter 18 the properties of these
- Object-Relational controls,
Mapping the final form looks like Figure 22-11. When you select a data
in .NET
provider and click the Connect button, the program uses the selected data provider.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 22-11: Generic data access class consumer application
First, define some variables that you use in the application (see Listing 22-5). As you can see, this code
defines connection strings for different data providers.
Listing 22-5: User-Defined Variables
' User defined variables

Private connString As String = Nothing
Private conn As IDbConnection = Nothing
AppliedAs
Private adapter ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven
IDbDataAdapter = Nothing Solutions
Private OleDbConnString As String = _ Talbot ISBN:1590590732
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
including ADO.NET
Private SqlConnString Asinternals,
Stringnamespaces,
= _ classes, and
"Integrated Security=SSPI;
namespaces and classes, andInitial Catalog=Northwind;"
how to integrate both with & _
"Data Source=localhost;"
ADO.NET.
Private OdbcConnString As String
Private OracleConnString As String
Table of Contents
Introduction
Second,
Chapter 1 on the Connect
- ADO.NET button click event handler, you check what data provider is selected and based
Basics
on that 2selection,
Chapter you create ainconnection
- Data Components using
Visual Studio .NETthe GetConnection method of the previously discussed
class. You
Chapter 3 -also call the
ADO.NET GetDataAdapter
in Disconnected method that returns a DataAdapter.
Environments
Once data is in a DataAdapter, you simply call its Fill method to fill data from the DataAdapter to a
DataSet. As you can see, the code opens a connection, creates and fills a DataSet, and then binds the
DataSet to the DataGrid. In this case, you have limited the functionality to Sql and OleDb data
providers, but you can also specify the connection strings for Oracle and ODBC data providers. Listing 22-
Chapter
6 shows8 how
- Constraints
to use theand Data data
generic Relations
access class.
Listing10
Chapter 22-6: Usingwith
- Working the the
Generic
ODBCData
.NET Access Class
Data Provider
Chapter
Private12 -Sub
Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data sender
ConnectBtn_Click(ByVal Providers As System.Object, _
Chapter
ByVal13 -eDeveloping a Custom Data Provider
As System.EventArgs) Handles ConnectBtn.Click
Chapter'14 - DevelopingSQL
Construct Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
statement
Chaptersql
15 -=Using ADO.NET
"SELECT * inFROM
Xml Web Services
Employees"
ChapterDim
16 -daComp
As GenericDataAccessComp = _
ChapterNew
17 -GenericDataAccessComp
Chapter'18
SQL data adapter
ChapterIf
19 SqlRadioButton.Checked Then
conn
Chapter 20 - COM= Interoperability
daComp.GetConnection(1,
and ADO.NET SqlConnString)
adapter
Chapter 21 = daComp.GetDataAdapter(1, conn, sql)
- Messaging
' OleDb data adapter
ElseIf OleDbRadioButton.Checked Then
conn = daComp.GetConnection(2, OleDbConnString)
adapter = daComp.GetDataAdapter(2, conn, sql)
End If
Index
''' Add code for other data adapters
List of Figures
List of Tables
' Open connection. If you don't open it explicitly,
List of Listings
' calling DataAdapter will open it internally
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
End If
Dim ds As DataSet = New DataSet
adapter.Fill(ds)
' Display DataSet in DataGrid
DataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables(0)
' Close connection
conn.Open()
End If
End Class
Now if you run the application
interfaces, andand click
takes the Connect button,
a comprehensive look atyou'll
XML see data in the DataGrid.
You can extend the functionality of this generic data access component by adding various methods and
ADO.NET.
their overloaded forms. You can also add functionality for other data providers including Oracle, MySql,
and WinCE.
Table of Contents
Choosing a Development Mode: Designer vs. Manual
Introduction
Chapter 1 -covered
This book ADO.NET Basics
both designer and manual approaches for adding data components to applications.
Chapter 2 - Data
The designer Components
approach in to
is easy Visual
use Studio .NETless time to write data-driven applications. (See Chapter 2
and takes
Chapter 3 details.)
for more - ADO.NETYouinsimply
Disconnected
drag andEnvironments
drop data components to a form and follow simple steps using
Chapter 4 and
wizards, - ADO.NET in Connected
the application Environments
is ready in few minutes. For example, say you want to write a Windows
application
Chapter 5 - that allows
Handling users toEvents
ADO.NET view, delete, edit, update, and navigate data through DataGrid controls
and you6 already
Chapter know the
- Integrating XMLdatabase and database tables. In this scenario, using the Data Form Wizard
with ADO.NET
isn't a bad
Chapter 7 -idea.
Data However, you
Binding and have noForms
Windows idea what happened
Data-Bound under the hood; further, this approach is rigid,
Controls
and there's
Chapter 8 - no flexibility.and
Constraints YouData
canRelations
go and edit code by hand, but the queries written by the designer are a
big headache
Chapter if you try
9 - ADO.NET to update
Exception them manually. On the other hand, if you write code manually, you know
Handling
what code
Chapter 10 -isWorking
where and
with how it works.
the ODBC .NETWriting code manually may be time consuming, but it's worth it for
Data Provider
experienced
Chapter developers
11 - Stored who know
Procedures how and where to write code.
and Views
Alternatively, you can mix the approaches to get the best out of both worlds. You can use the designer to
Chapter 13 -controls,
add some Developing
anda you
Custom
can Data
writeProvider
some code manually.
Again, it
Chapter 15depends on you toindecide
- Using ADO.NET what
Xml Web approach to adapt. We prefer the manual approach over the
Services
designer
Chapter 16approach
- ASP.NETbecause the designer
Server Controls writes
and Data lots of unwanted code and leaves no option to modify it.
Binding
For beginners,
Chapter it's better
17 - Building to useWeb
Real-World a designer rather than writing bad code. (But if you're already on Chapter
Applications
22 of this
Chapter 18 book, then you're not
- Object-Relational a beginner
Mapping anymore! )
in .NET
Retrieving Data: DataReader, XmlReader, and DataSet
One of 22
Chapter themost frequently
SQL Server asked questions
and ADO.NET: onPerformance
Notes on discussion forums and newsgroups relates to whether you
should use a DataReader or a DataSet. You can use a DataReader,XmlReader, and DataSet to
retrieve data from a database. When reading hundreds of records, the DataReader is twice as fast as an
XmlReader or DataSet. This difference gets bigger when there's higher user load and more records.
Index
Now, the question is this: Which one do you use? Obviously, the XmlReader has no competition. The
List of Figures is between the DataReader and the DataSet. You use a DataReader when you need to
competition
List of Tables
simply read data in data types or streams-for example, when you need to display data on a system
console.
List You use a DataSet when you need to display data in data-bound controls and do something
of Listings
more
List with the data such as editing and deleting data through a DataGrid control.
of Sidebars
Note For more information, read "Building Distributed Applications with Microsoft .NET" at
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-
us/dnbda/html/bdadotnetarch13.asp.
Updating a Data Source: Command vs. DataSet

You have two approaches for adding and updating data to a data source: using commands or using a
DataSet. For example, if you want to use a command, you construct a SQL statement (INSERT,
UPDATE, or DELETE) and execute the command using SqlCommand or another data provider's Command
object. If you want to use a DataSet, you go through the DataSet and call the AddNew,Edit, or
Delete members of a DataTable to add, update, and delete (respectively). Both of the approaches
Applied ADO.NET:
have their uses. Executing commands Building
give youData-Driven
control overSolutions
the entire table, and using the DataSet
approach limits you to a record. For example, you can construct ISBN:1590590732
UPDATE and DELETE SQL statements
and execute them using commands to update and delete all records of a table. On the other hand, a
This text
DataTable provides provides
a way extensive
to access coverage
all records of ADO.NET
in the form of atechnology
collection, where you can loop through
these records one by one and do whatever you want to do with them.
So, again, which ADO.NET.
one should you choose? It depends on your application requirements. If you're using a
DataGrid bound to a DataSet and want to delete a particular record, your obvious choice would be to
use the DataTable.Rows.Delete method. But if there's no DataSet available in your application and
you want
Table to delete a record based on some criteria, you can simply construct a DELETE statement with a
of Contents
clause and execute
WHEREADO.NETBuilding
Applied it using the
Data-Driven Command object.
Solutions
Introduction
If you want to add a record to a database, executing a command is faster than a DataSet. This is also the
case with delete and update operations.
Saving- Data
Chapter 4 ADO.NETand UsingEnvironments
in Connected GetChanges
When using a DataAdapter.Update method, it's a good idea to send only updated records back to the
database. The GetChanges method of the DataSet returns the updated records. See FAQ 18 of
Appendix C for more details.
Retrieving Data with the SELECT Statement
UsingSELECT * FROM TableName is a common statement to retrieve data from a database. It doesn't
matter whether you read data through a DataReader or a DataSet. You don't even have to think about
what columns a database table has.
In most15
Chapter of -the cases,
Using you don't
ADO.NET need
in Xml WeballServices
the columns of a table. Don't use SELECT * unless you really
need all
Chapter 16data. Instead,
- ASP.NET use your
Server column
Controls names.
and Data For example, if you want to select only the FirstName and
Binding
LastName
Chapter 17 -columns of the Employees
Building Real-World table, use SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Employees
Web Applications
instead18
Chapter of -SELECT * FROM Mapping
Object-Relational Employees.
in .NET
Using Stored Procedures
Stored 22
Chapter procedures are and
- SQL Server highly optimized
ADO.NET: objects
Notes and reduce network traffic, code size, execution time, and
on Performance
server overhead.
Appendix Use Databases:
A - Relational store procedures instead
Some Basic of creating SQL commands if possible.
Concepts
Using Connection Strings and Pooling
Index
ADO.NET
List sends all Connection objects to a pool after a connection closes. When there's a need for a
of Figures
connection,
List of Tables instead of creating a new connection, you use a connection from the pool. But there's a
limitation in connection pooling: The connection string must be the same. This means, if possible, you
List of Listings
should store a connection string as a program-level scope variable and use it instead of creating a
List of Sidebars
dynamic connection string each time you create a connection.
Getting good performance out(928
Apress 2003 of SQL
pages)Server is not as hard as many people believe. It's largely a matter of
knowing what tools are available to you and coverage
This text provides extensive knowing aoffew small technology
ADO.NET tricks of the trade. In this chapter, you
saw some tricks related
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and tricks and performance issues with
to SQL Server. You also learned about some
interfaces,
different objects of ADO.NET. and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
AppendixApplied
A: ADO.NET:
Relational Databases:
Some Basic
ISBN:1590590732
ConceptsApress 2003 (928 pages)

Overview interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
This appendix discusses some key concepts of relational databases, including normalization, sets,
cursors, and locking.
Table of Contents
Arelational database is a collection of tables, and a table is a set of columns and rows. A table's columns
Applied
can beADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
referred to as columns, fields, Solutions
or attributes, and each column in a table requires a unique name
Introduction
and a data type. The datum in a given row is generally referred to as a record. (The term recordset refers
Chapter
to a set1of -records,
ADO.NET Basics
reminding you that relational databases use set-based operations rather than row-at-a-
time, pointer-based in Visual Studio .NET
operations.)
In relational
Chapter databases,
4 - ADO.NET each tableEnvironments
in Connected needs to have a key, which is associated with a column. There are two
important
Chapter 5 types of keys:
- Handling primary
ADO.NET keys and foreign keys. A primary key is a column of a table with a unique
Events
value for each
Chapter 6
row, which helps ensure data integrity by (theoretically) eliminating duplicate records. A
foreign key takes care of the relational in relational databases and provides a link between related data
that are contained in more than one table. For example, in a classic parent-child relationship such as
customers and orders, if CustomerId is the primary key in the Customers table, it'll need to occur in the
Orders table as a foreign key to associate each order with an individual customer. The customer/order
relationship is a one-to-many relationship because each one customer can have many orders. That
Chapter 11 - Stored
relationship Procedures
is sometimes and Views
depicted as 1:n.
Note
Chapter 13 A primary keya can
- Developing alsoData
Custom be aProvider
combination of several columns of a table, where one of those
Chapter 14 columns is a Database
- Developing foreign key.
Web For example, using
Applications in an example
ASP.NET database table, one table can have a
Chapter 15 primary key that'sina Xml
- Using ADO.NET combination of the Path and File columns to avoid duplicate file records.
Web Services
Chapter 16 The File column
- ASP.NET ServerisControls
a foreign key.
and Data Binding
Adatabase is a collection of tables, indexes, constraints, and other objects. The definition of these objects
is known as the database's schema, which can be represented in a graphical way using various diagrams.
Meta-data
Chapter 20 -refers to the collectionand
COM Interoperability of ADO.NET
data that describes the content, quality, relations, and other
characteristics
Chapter of data. A database's meta-data includes information that ranges from table definitions to
21 - Messaging
users and
Chapter 22 -their
SQLpermissions.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedNormalization
If you've been working
Apresswith databases
2003 (928 pages)for a while, you're probably familiar with the term normalization.
Database designers or developers often askcoverage
This text provides extensive whether of
a database is normalized. So, what's normalization?
ADO.NET technology
Normalization is aincluding
processADO.NET
of eliminating data redundancy (except
internals, namespaces, classes, and for the redundancy required by foreign
interfaces,tables,
keys) in multiple relational and takesandaitcomprehensive look is
ensures that data atorganized
XML efficiently. When you normalize a
namespaces
database, you basically have and
threeclasses,
goals:and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Ensuring you've organized the data correctly into groups that minimize the amount of duplicate data
stored in a database
Table of Contents
Organizing Data-Driven
the data such Solutions
that, when you (or your users) modify data in it (such as a person's address
Introduction
or email), the change only has to be made once
Designing
Chapter a database
2 - Data Componentsin which youStudio
in Visual can access
.NET and manipulate the data quickly and efficiently without
compromising the integrity of the data in
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments storage
E. F. Codd first proposed the normalization process in 1972. Initially, he proposed three normal forms,
which he called first,second, and third normal forms (1NF, 2NF, and 3NF). Subsequently, he proposed a
stronger definition of 3NF, known as Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF). Later, others proposed fourth
Chapter
normal7form
- Data Binding
(4NF) and normal
and fifth Windows Forms
form Data-Bound
(5NF). Controls
Most people agree that a database that's in 3NF is
Chapter 8 good
probably - Constraints and
enough-in Datawords,
other Relations
normalized enough.
First Normal Form (1NF)
Chapter
A table12 - Oracle,
is in SQLXML,
1NF if the valuesand Other
of its .NET Data
columns Providers
are atomic, containing no repeating values. Applying 1NF on a
table eliminates a Custom
duplicate columns Data Provider
from the same table, which creates separate tables for each group of
Chapter
related14 - Developing
data, and adds Database
a primaryWeb
key Applications
to the table using ASP.NET
to identify table rows with a unique value. For example,
Chapter
say you15have
- Using ADO.NET in
a Customers Xml(see
table WebFigure
ServicesA-1). The Customers table stores data about customer
orders.16
Chapter The columnsServer
- ASP.NET store data about
Controls a Data
and customer such as name, address, and order description.
Binding
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
Figure A-1: Customers table before normalization
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
The data of the Customers table looks like Figure A-2.
Figure A-2: Two rows of data from the Customers table
Figure A-1 shows the design of a Customers table. As you can see, it's been designed to store up to three
orders for any customer-sort of mimicking an array structure in spreadsheet format. There are obvious
problems with this design. As you can see from Figure A-2, there are many columns related to orders
(that's a classic giveaway of a poorly designed table-mixing two or more entities, or kinds of data).
Whenever a customer posts a new order, a new column will be added to the table. Not only that, if the
same customer posts more than one order, the duplicate Address and City column data will be added to
by Mahesh
the table. This scenario addsChand and David
duplicate Talbot
data to ISBN:1590590732
the table. This table isn't in 1NF because the 1NF rule says
that a table is in 1NF if and only if a table's columns have no repeating values.
You apply 1NF onincluding ADO.NET
this table internals,
by eliminating thenamespaces, classes,
details about and providing just enough relational
the orders,
information to linkinterfaces, and takes
the Customers a comprehensive
table look table.
with a new Orders at XMLThe new format of this table after 1NF
looks like Figure ADO.NET.
A-3. You still have some information about orders in this Customers table but only basic
link information: OrderNumber. You've fixed the repeating fields problem by jamming all the other order
information into a single OrderDescription field.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 8 - A-3:
Figure Constraints and Data
Customers tableRelations
schema after 1NF
The data of the table now looks like Figure A-4.
Chapter 19 - A-4:
Figure Mapped Objects:
Data Performancetable
of the Customers Considerations
after 1NF and Data Binding
Second Normal Form (2NF)
2NF eliminates
Appendix redundant
B - Commonly Useddata. A table is in 2NF if it's in 1NF and every nonkey column (not a key
SQL Statements
column-primary
Appendix or foreign)
C - ADO.NET is fully
Frequently dependent
Asked upon the primary key.
Questions
Index
Applying 2NF on a table removes duplicate data on multiple rows, places data in separate rows, places
List of Figures
grouped data in new tables, and creates relationships between the original tables and new tables through
List of Tables
foreign keys. As you can see from Figure A-4, there are six records for two customers and three columns-
List of Listings
CustomerName, Address, and City has the same information three times. 2NF eliminate these cases.
List
UnderSidebars
of 2NF, you separate data into two different tables and relate these tables using a foreign key.
Records in tables should not depend on anything other than the table's primary key.
In this example, you now create a separate Orders table. As you can probably guess, the Orders table
stores information related to customer orders. It relates back to the correct customer via the CustomerId
column. Now the two tables, Customers and Orders, look like Figure A-5 and Figure A-6.
Figure A-5: Customers table
interfaces, and aftera 2NF
takes comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure A-6: Orders table after 2NF
As you 7can- Data
Chapter see from Figures
Binding A-5 and Forms
and Windows A-6, both tables now
Data-Bound have a primary key-denoted by the key icon to
Controls
the left 8of the
Chapter column name.
- Constraints ThisRelations
and Data key will be unique for each record. The CustomerId column of the
Customers
Chapter 9 - table is mapped
ADO.NET to the
Exception CustomerId column of the Orders table. The CustomerId column of the
Handling
Orders10
Chapter table is a foreign
- Working with key. The relationship
the ODBC between the Customers and Orders tables looks like Figure
.NET Data Provider
A-7.
Figure
Appendix B - A-7: Relationship
Commonly between
Used SQL the Customers and Orders tables
Statements
Now the data in these tables look like Figure A-8 and Figure A-9.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure A-8: Customers table after 2NF

Third Normal Form (3NF)
A table is in 3NF interfaces,
if all columns of a table depend upon the primary key. 3NF eliminates columns that don't
depend on the table's primaryand
namespaces key. (Note that
classes, primary
and how keys don't
to integrate have
both withto be single columns as shown in
these simple examples.)
ADO.NET.
For example, as you can see from Figure A-10, CustomerId, UnitPrice, and Quantity depend on OrderId
Table
(the of Contents
primary key). But the Total column doesn't depend on the OrderId column; it depends upon the
UnitPrice and the QuantityData-Driven
columns. Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 7 - A-10:
Figure Data Binding
Ordersand Windows
table Forms Data-Bound Controls
after 3NF
The data
Chapter 9 of the Orders
- ADO.NET table look
Exception like Figure A-11 after applying the 3NF rule on it, and you can calculate
Handling
Total as
Chapter 10the multiplication
- Working of ODBC
with the UnitPrice
.NETand Quantity
Data in your SQL statement.
Provider
Chapter 17 - A-11:
Data Web Applications
of the Orders table after 3NF
For example:
Chapter
SELECT 21 UnitPrice
- Messaging * Quantity AS Total FROM Orders
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)

Index
Adeterminant
List of Figures column is the column on which other columns are fully dependent. BCNF is an extended
version
List of 3NF. A database is in BCNF if and only if every determinant is a candidate key. A candidate key
of Tables
is aofcombination
List Listings of columns that can be uniquely used to identify a row. Each table may have one or more
candidate
List keys.
of Sidebars
Fourth Normal Form (4NF)

4NF and 5NF seem to be of interest only in computer science classes and in the academic world in
general. But, if you're really interested, a database is in 4NF if and only if it's in BCNF and all multivalued
dependencies are also functional dependencies. For example, a customer can have multiple orders and
multiple addresses. This data (the customer having multiple addresses and multiple orders) can be stored
in a single table, but after applying 4NF, the data will be stored in two tables. The first table stores the
CustomerId with addresses, and the second table stores the CustomerId with orders.
Fifth Normal Form (5NF or PJ/NF)

A database is in 5NF-or
AppliedProjection/Join
ADO.NET: Building Normal Form (PJ/NF)-if
Data-Driven it can't have a lossless decomposition into
Solutions
any number of smaller tables. In other words,
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot this means a table that has been decomposed into three or
ISBN:1590590732
more smaller tables must be capable of
Apress 2003 (928 pages) being joined again on common keys to form the original table.
Note This ends the quick overview of normal forms. SQL Server Magazine has numerous articles
about database
interfaces,design and anormal
and takes forms that
comprehensive youatmight
look XML find helpful at
www.sqlmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?AuthorID=436.
ADO.NET.
Note If you've heard about database normal forms and normalization, chances are you've also heard
aboutdenormalization, which basically refers to the process of embracing a less than rigorously
Table of Contents
perfect relational design in favor of performance. You might, for example, include calculated
fields or aggregations Solutions
in your design. By including redundant information in your design, you
Introductiondenormalize it.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
IntroducingApplied
Sets,ADO.NET:
Cursors, and
Building ADO.NET
Cursors were basically
Apressadded to SQL
2003 (928 pages)to accommodate programmers who preferred row-at-a-time,
pointer-style processing. Real relational
This text provides extensivedatabases don't
coverage even have
of ADO.NET a notion of record number, for
technology
example; you useincluding
a SELECT statement to obtain record sets.
namespaces
The ADO.NET model andredesigned
has been classes, andfrom
howscratch.
to integrate both no
There's with
explicit support for cursors in
ADO.NET.
ADO.NET. Why do you need cursors? This is a good question. To get your answer, first you have to find
out what cursors do.
Table of Contents
In ADO, a recordset represents the set of rows returned from a data source after executing a SQL
statement. Data-Driven
A recordset uses a cursorSolutions
to keep track of the current location and navigate through rows.
Introduction
ADO supports
Chapter four types
1 - ADO.NET of cursors: static, forward-only, keyset, and dynamic. The static cursors are a
Basics
static copy
Chapter 2 - of records
Data on the client
Components side.
in Visual Static.NET
Studio cursors are either read-only or read/write and provide both
backward
Chapter 3 -and forward
ADO.NET in navigation by Environments
Disconnected using the MoveFirst,MoveNext,MovePrevious,MoveLast, and
Move methods
Chapter of theinrecordset.
4 - ADO.NET ConnectedAlso, you can bookmark records using this type of cursor. The
Environments
AbsolutePosition
Chapter 5
property provides the row number of a cursor.
Forward-only cursors are similar to static cursors except they support forward-only navigation from the first
Chapter 7 -record
to the last Data Binding and Windows
in the cursor. Forms
You can Data-Bound
update records, Controls
insert new records, and delete records, but you
Chapter 8 - backward.
can't move Constraints The
and forward-only
Data Relationscursor supports only the MoveNext method of the recordset.
Keyset 10
Chapter cursors support
- Working withboth backward
the ODBC .NETand
Dataforward navigation through the recordset object's Move
Provider
methods.
Chapter 11 In addition
- Stored to that, they
Procedures andalso reflect changes made by other users. Dynamic cursors provide
Views
dynamic
Chapter 12navigation and reflect
- Oracle, SQLXML, andall changes
Other .NET immediately.
Data ProvidersThey're useful when your application allows
multiple13users
Chapter to add, update,
- Developing a Customdelete, and navigate records simultaneously. Dynamic cursors are flexible,
Data Provider
but they don't support absolute positioning and bookmarks.
Chapter
In ADO,15when
- Using
youADO.NET
create ainrecordset,
Xml Web you
Services
can specify the type of cursors to use. Table A-1 represents the
cursor types and their values. and Data Binding
Chapter 18 - Recordset
Table A-1: Object-Relational
CursorMapping
Type in .NET
and Their Values in ADO
CONSTANT VALUE DESCRIPTION
adOpenForwardOnly 0 Forward-only recordset cursor (the default)
adOpenKeyset 1 Some Basic
Appendix A - Relational Databases: Keyset recordset cursor
Concepts
AdOpenDynamic 2 Statements
Dynamic recordset cursor
AdOpenStatic
Index
3 Static recordset cursor
List of Figures
As you can see, ADO uses cursors to navigate, to position, and to bookmark records in a recordset.
List of Tables
ADO.NET represents a new approach. To be blunt, recordsets are history! The DataTable and
List of Listings
DataReader have replaced them. Under ADO.NET, a DataReader enables you to perform the function
List of Sidebars
of the forward-only, server-side cursor. However, a DataReader doesn't have a MoveNext method,
which moves to the next record of a recordset. But it provides a Read method, which reads all the records
until the end of the records. A DataReader is useful when you need to read data fast with no updates and
you're not using data-bound controls.
TheDataSet and Command objects enable you to work with data as a disconnected source, which is
similar to ADO client-side behavior. This method is useful when you need to write data-bound, control-
based applications.
ADO.NET doesn't support server-side cursors. However, you can use server-side cursors through ADO by
adding a reference to the ADODB type library by generating a .NET wrapper for its objects.
Using Locking
In database terms, locking
Apress is a(928
2003 mechanism
pages) used to avoid inconsistency when multiple users access and
update data simultaneously. Using the locking technique,
This text provides extensive coverage you cantechnology
of ADO.NET lock records or a database table when a
user is modifying including
the records
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and for other users until the current user
or table, and the data will be unavailable
interfaces,
calls the update method and takes
to make finalachanges.
For example, say user A is updating a record. During this
operation, user Bnamespaces
deletes thatand classes,
record. Thisand how tomay
scenario integrate both
lead to with
inconsistency in the table. You can avoid
ADO.NET.
this inconsistency by making that record unavailable when user A is updating it and make it available when
user A is done updating it. The only drawback of this is user B has to wait until user A is done updating the
record.
Table Oh well, waiting is better than having inconsistencies and inaccurate data.
of Contents
Isolation Levels
Introduction
Anisolation
Chapter 2 - level represents ainparticular
Data Components locking
Visual Studio strategy applied on a database. It's basically a way of
.NET
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environmentsthe complexity of locking. There are four isolation levels,
representing the stages of locking depending on
starting4from
Chapter level 0 to
- ADO.NET in 3. ApplyingEnvironments
Connected these levels on transactions is also called determining Transaction
Isolation Levels (TILs).
TILs provide consistency during data manipulation when multiple users are accessing data
Chapter 7 - Data There
simultaneously. Binding and
are Windows
three casesForms Data-Bound
that apply Controls
to the transactions:
Chapter 9 read:
Dirty - ADO.NET Exception
A dirty Handling
read occurs when a user reads data that have not yet been committed. For
example, user 1 changes a row. .NET Data
User Provider
2 reads the row before user 1 commits the changes. What if
user 1 rolls back the changes? User 2 will have data that never existed.
Nonrepeatable read: A nonrepeatable read occurs when a user reads the same record twice but
gets different data each time. The simple case for this situation is when user 1 reads a record. User 2
goes and either changes a record or deletes a record and commits the changes. Now if user 1 tries to
Chapter 16 the
read - ASP.NET Server Controls
same records and1Data
again, user getsBinding
different data.
Phantom: A phantom is a record that matches the search criteria but isn't initially seen. For example,
say user 1 searches for records and gets some records. Now user 2 adds new rows with user 1's
search criteria. Now if user 1 searches again using the same criteria, user 1 gets different results than
the previous one.
Appendix A -describes
Table A-2 Relationalthe
Databases:
isolationSome
levelsBasic Concepts
defined by OLE DB.
Appendix C - Isolation
Table A-2: ADO.NET Frequently
Levels Asked Questions
Index
LEVEL DEFINITION
List of Figures
ListRead
of Tables A user can read uncommitted changes made by other users. At this level all
ListUncommitted
of Listings three cases (dirty reads, nonrepeatable reads, and phantoms) are possible.
List of Sidebars
Read A user can't see changes made by other users until the changes are
Committed committed. At this level of isolation, dirty reads aren't possible, but
nonrepeatable reads and phantoms are possible.
Repeatable A user can't see the changes made by other users. At this level of isolation,
Read dirty reads and nonrepeatable reads aren't possible, but phantoms are
possible.
Serializable A user sees only changes that are finalized and committed to the database. At
this isolation level, dirty reads, nonrepeatable reads, and phantoms aren't
possible.
Applied
Note The definitive ADO.NET:
book Building
on transaction Data-Driven
processing Solutions Control and Recovery in Database
is Concurrency
Systems byby
Mahesh
Philip Chand and David
A. Bernstein, TalbotHadzilacos, and
Vassos Nathan Goodman (Addison-Wesley,
ISBN:1590590732
1987).YouApress
can download it in its entirety as a 22.9MB self-extracting ZIP file from
2003 (928 pages)
http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/ccontrol/.
This text provides extensive coverage ofYou can also
ADO.NET find related information at
technology
http://research.microsoft.com/~philbe/.
namespaces
Table A-3 summarizes andconsistency
the data classes, andbehaviors
and isolation level relationship. (Read Committed is
ADO.NET.
SQL Server's default isolation level.)
Table
Table of A-3: Isolation Levels and Data Consistency
Contents
LEVEL DIRTY READ? NONREPEATABLE READ? PHANTOM?
Introduction
Read 1Uncommitted
Chapter (0)
- ADO.NET Basics Yes Yes Yes
Read Committed (1) No Yes Yes
Repeatable
Chapter Read (2)
4 - ADO.NET NoEnvironments
in Connected No Yes
Serializable (3) No No No
Locking
Chapter 9
Modes
In general, locking avoids the consequences of multiple users accessing the same data simultaneously
Chapter 11to- Stored
and tries maintainProcedures
the data'sand Views
consistency and integrity. There are two locking modes: shared and
exclusive. The shared mode lets multiple .NET Dataaccess
users Providers
the same data simultaneously. However, an
Chapter 13 mode
exclusive - Developing a Custom
won't let Data Provider
user 2 access the data until user 1 unlocks the data. Depending on the database,
Chapter
you can14implement
locking on a Web Applications
record, using
a table, or ASP.NET
a page level. In table locking, a user can lock the entire
Chapter 15 -he
table until Using ADO.NET
commits in Xml Web
the changes andServices
unlocks the table. The same method applies on a page as well as
on a record
Chapter for page-level
16 - ASP.NET Serverand record-level
Controls and Datalocking.
Binding
Note Chapters 4 and 5 discuss ADO.NET concurrency.
Chapter
Based 19 - Mapped
on these Objects:
general Performance
locking Considerations
modes, ADO anddifferent
provides two Data Binding
types of locking on recordsets and the
combination of them: optimistic locking and pessimistic locking. Optimistic locking is based on the
assumption that there won't be any other users when a user is accessing some records of a table.
In optimistic
Appendix locking, locking
A - Relational only Some
Databases: occursBasic
during the final update of records. If any changes were made to
Concepts
the dataBsince
Appendix it was last
- Commonly accessed,
Used the application must read data again and update the data.
SQL Statements
In pessimistic locking, records are unavailable to other users when a user is accessing records until the
Index
user makes the final changes.
List of Figures
You
List of can pass an argument when you create a recordset to specify the type of locking. Table A-4
Tables
describes
List these values.
of Listings
List of Sidebars
Table A-4: Locking Types
CONSTANT VALUE DESCRIPTION
adLockReadOnly 1 Read-only
adLockPessimistic 2 Pessimistic locking
adLockOptimistic 3 Optimistic locking
adLockBatchOptimistic 4 Optimistic locking with batch updates
You set the LockType variable in the recordset to 1 when you need to read data. It doesn't allow you to
add or update data.
You use LockType=3, or optimistic
by Mahesh Chand and locking, when you need toISBN:1590590732
David Talbot lock records and only when ADO physically
Apress
updates the record. Otherwise, records
2003 (928 pages) are available when you're editing them. In contrast to the optimistic
locking, pessimistic
Thislocking locks the
text provides recordscoverage
extensive when you of start editing
ADO.NET records. You set LockType=2 in that
technology
including
case. Before applying ADO.NET
optimistic internals,
locking, you namespaces,
need to makeclasses, anddatabase manufacturer supports it.
sure that
interfaces, and takes
Some database manufacturers a comprehensive
don't support optimisticlook at XML
locking.
ADO.NET.
Optimistic locking with batch updates, LockType=4, enables you to access multiple records, update them
locally, and update the database as a single batch operation. Again, before using this type of locking, you
needoftoContents
Table make sure the database manufacturer supports this type of locking. Many don't.
Note For more information on locking and concurrency levels, you may want to read Jim Gray's article
Introduction
on isolation levels at http://research.microsoft.com/~gray/Isolation.doc or Transaction
Processing: Concepts and Techniques by Jim Gray and Andreas Reuter (Morgan Kaufmann,
Chapter 2 1993).
What Are Deadlocks?
If you've
Chapter heard about
6 - Integrating concurrency
XML and different kinds of locks, you've probably also heard about
with ADO.NET
deadlocks.
Chapter 7 - DataUnfortunately, they're Forms
Binding and Windows an inevitable fact ofControls
Data-Bound life in the database world. But, fortunately,
today's- Constraints
Chapter 8
Database Management Systems (DBMSs) are typically designed to handle deadlocks-usually
and Data Relations
by selecting a "victim" whose transaction gets rolled back (or undone).
Chapter 10 -users
When Working with
share the ODBC
access .NET Data
to database Provider
tables, they may prevent each other from completing
transactions. That's because a user who locks a table or a single record during an update may
prevent SQLXML, andfrom
other transactions Other .NET Data
acquiring theProviders
locks they need to complete their task. As a result, the
Chapter 13 transactions
other - Developing enter
a Custom Data
a wait Provider
state, waiting their turn. Sometimes, the locks are unresolvable, though.
For14
Chapter example, if transaction
- Developing DatabaseAWeb
can't complete until
Applications usingit ASP.NET
acquires a lock being used by transaction B, and
transaction
Chapter B ADO.NET
15 - Using can't complete
in Xml until
Web itServices
acquires a lock being used by transaction A, the transactions enter
a deadlock
Chapter stateServer
16 - ASP.NET and neither canand
Controls complete unless the other is terminated.
Data Binding
Microsoft describes deadlocks by noting the following: "A deadlock occurs when there is a cyclic
dependency between two or more threads for some set of resources." It adds that deadlocks can
occur on any system with multiple threads, not just on a relational DBMS.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
In this appendix, we discussed
Apress some
2003 (928 of the basic concepts of relational databases. To learn more, you can
pages)
access the following resources online:
"Database Normalization Basics":
http://support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=KB;en-us;q209534
ADO.NET.
"Database Normalization Tips" by Luke Chung:

Table of Contents
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-
us/dnacc2k2/html/odc_FMSNormalization.asp
Introduction
"Database Normalization and Design Techniques" by Barry Wise:
www.devarticles.com/art/1/321
Concurrency
Chapter Control
5 - Handling and Events
ADO.NET Recovery in Database Systems by Philip A. Bernstein, Vassos Hadzilacos,
and Nathan
Chapter 6
Goodman:
http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/ccontrol/
"Denormalization
Chapter Guidelines"
9 - ADO.NET Exception by Craig S. Mullins:
Handling
www.tdan.com/i001fe02.htm
"Getting Down SQLXML, and Other
to Data Basics" .NET Data
by Craig Providers
S. Mullins:
www.dbazine.com/edba4.html
"Transaction Isolation Levels" by Kalen Delaney:
www.sqlmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=5336
"Responsible
Chapter 19 - MappedDenormalization" by Michelle
Objects: Performance A. Poolet:
www.sqlmag.com/Articles/Index.cfm?ArticleID=9785
SQLCourse: and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
www.sqlcourse.com
FreeB online
Appendix versionUsed
- Commonly of Teach Yourself SQL in 21 Days, Second Edition:
SQL Statements
www8.silversand.net/techdoc/teachsql/index.htm
Index
List ofFree
Figures
PowerPoint tutorial on Transact-SQL by Michael R. Hotek:
List of Tables
www.mssqlserver.com/tsql/
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
AppendixApplied
B: ADO.NET:
Commonly Used SQL
Statements
ISBN:1590590732
Structured query Apress 2003

language (928 pages)
(SQL) is a language you use to work with relational databases. In this appendix,
we'll discuss some commonly usedextensive
SQL queries and of ADO.NET
show how totechnology
construct them. To test the SQL
statements, we'll use the familiar Northwind database-specifically, its Customers and Orders tables.
Note SQL queries are also referred to as SQL statements.
ADO.NET.
Understanding SQL References

Table of Contents
Applied
For theADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven
most part, we used Solutions
Access 2000's Northwind database to illustrate the SQL statements discussed in
Introduction
this appendix, but you can also use the Northwind database that's in SQL Server. (We use the SQL Server
Chapter
version1in the
- ADO.NET Basics
examples in the "Understanding Views" section because Access doesn't support the SQL
concept
Chapter 2 of- views as virtual tables.)
Data Components To Studio
in Visual test SQL statements, you can open the Northwind database in Access
.NET
and create
Chapter 3 - aADO.NET
new query by selecting Environments
in Disconnected Queries and clicking the New button. This opens the New Query dialog
box, as4shown
Chapter in Figure
- ADO.NET B-1.
Figure B-1: Creating a new query in Access 2000
Chapter 20 -Table
The Show COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
dialog box displays all the tables in the database and lets you pick the tables with which you
want to21
Chapter work (see Figure B-2). Click the Close button.
- Messaging
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure B-2: Selecting database tables

Now, you can open the Query Editor by simply right-clicking the query pane and selecting the SQL View menu
item. The Query Editor is basically a blank screen that appears when you're creating a new query, but you can
by Mahesh
also use it to examine Chand and
the contents David Talbot
of existing ISBN:1590590732
queries (see Figure B-3). In this case, you can either type in a
SQL statement directly or paste one in and then choose Query Run Query to execute the statement.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 5 - B-3: TheADO.NET
Handling Query Editor of Access 2000
Events
Chapter 7 take
Now let's - Data Binding
a look andNorthwind
at the Windows Forms Data-Bound
database's Controls
Customers table. Figure B-4 shows the table schema (the
Chapter 8 with
structure) - Constraints
its columnand Data Relations
names and their data types (all of type Text in this case). Note that the CustomerID
Chapter 9 -primary
field is the ADO.NET Exception
key field. Handling
Index
Figure B-4: Customers table schema of the Northwind database
List of Figures
List of Tables
List
The of Orders
Listingstable columns and their data types look like Figure B-5. OrderID is the primary key in the Orders
table.
List CustomerID and EmployeeID function as foreign keys and provide the "glue" that links data in the
of Sidebars
Customers table to data stored in Orders and Employees. (Employees is another table in the Northwind
database that stores employee records.)
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure B-5: Orders table schema of the Northwind database
Using the
Chapter 9
SELECT Statement
TheSELECT withisthe
statement theODBC .NET Data
workhorse Provider
of the SQL language; it enables you to retrieve data from database
tables and views. If you want to retrieve data from selected columns, you list the column names in the SELECT
Chapter 12 - You
statement. Oracle,
useSQLXML, andclause
the WHERE Other .NET Data Providers
to retrieve data from selected rows.
The simplest
Chapter form of the
14 - Developing SELECT
Database statement
Web is SELECT...FROM,
Applications using ASP.NET which returns records from a table defined
after FROM.
Chapter 15 - This
UsingisADO.NET
the syntax:
in Xml Web Services
SELECT
Chapter 17 column1, column2,
- Building Real-World Web.., FROM table
Applications
For example, the following SELECT statement returns all records from the CustomerID, CompanyName,
Address, and City columns of the Customers table:
SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, Address, City FROM Customers
Index
The output looks like Figure B-6.
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure B-6: Output of the SELECT statement
Note You can switch back to the SQL view be selecting View SQL View.
You use SELECTApplied
* to return all columns
ADO.NET: fromData-Driven
Building a table (the asterisk
Solutions is a handy wildcard character in most
dialects of SQL). by
ForMahesh
example, theand
Chand following
David statement
Talbot returnsISBN:1590590732
all records from the Customers table:
SELECT * FROMThis text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Customers
The output looks ADO.NET.
like Figure B-7.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure B-7: Output of SELECT * FROM Customers statement
There are
Chapter 11 -some occasions
Stored when
Procedures and the database table stores redundant records, but you generally don't want
Views
duplicate
Chapter 12 records
- Oracle,returned.
SQLXML, You
and can use
Other theData
.NET SELECT DISTINCT statement for this purpose. This is the
Providers
syntax: 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider
Chapter
SELECT
Chapter 15 DISTINCT column1,
- Using ADO.NET column2,
in Xml Web Services .., FROM table
For example, the following statement returns only unique records from the Customers table:
SELECT DISTINCT CompanyName FROM Customers
Chapter 22 -to
In addition SQL Server and
restricting ADO.NET:
columns Notes
to those on Performance
you're interested in, you can also restrict rows by using the
SELECT...FROM ...WHERE statement. The Basic Concepts
WHERE clause takes a conditional statement:
SELECT column1, column2, .., FROM table WHERE condition
Index
List of Figures
Forofexample,
List Tables the following query:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE CustomerID = "BOTTM"
returns records only having a CustomerID that equals BOTTM. The output of the Northwind database's
Customers table looks like Figure B-8.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Figure B-8: Output of the SELECT...WHERE statement
Introduction
Chapter 2 -summarizes
Table B-1 Data Components in Visual Studio
the conditional .NET used in SQL.
statements
Table B-1:
Chapter 4 - Conditional Statements
ADO.NET in Connected Used in SQL
Environments
OPERATOR MEANING
Chapter
< 7 - Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-BoundLess
Controls
Than
> Greater Than
<> 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter Not Equal To
= Equal To
You can also use the SUM and AVG functions to return the sum and average of numeric columns, respectively:
SELECT function(column) FROM table
For example, Mapping
the following query in .NET
returns the sum of the Freight column in the Orders table:
Chapter
SELECT 20 SUM(Freight)
FROM and ADO.NET
Orders
SeeFigure
Appendix A -B-9 for theDatabases:
Relational output of this
Somestatement.
Basic Concepts
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure B-9: Output of query that uses the SQL SUM function
The following query returns the average of the Freight column:
SELECT AVG (Freight) FROM Orders

You can use SELECT COUNT to return the number of rows in aISBN:1590590732
table (based on a column). This is the syntax:
SELECT COUNT(column) FROMextensive
This text provides table coverage of ADO.NET technology
For example, thenamespaces and classes,
following statement and the
returns hownumber
to integrate bothinwith
of rows the Customers table:
ADO.NET.
SELECT COUNT(CustomerID) FROM Customers;

Table of Contents
The output of this statement looks like Figure B-10.
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 13 - B-10: Output
Developing of COUNT
GROUP BY is another handy clause that returns results grouped by the mentioned column. This is the syntax:
SELECT column1, SUM(column2) FROM table GROUP BY column1
Chapter 20 - COM
For example, theInteroperability and ADO.NET
following statement returns the number of rows grouped by OrderDate from the Orders
Chapter
table: 21 - Messaging
Appendix
SELECTA OrderDate,
- Relational Databases: Some Basic
SUM(Freight) Concepts
FROM Orders GROUP BY(OrderDate)
The output of the query looks like Figure B-11.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure B-11: Output of GROUP BY

TheHAVING clause limits output based on a criterion. You can use it with or without the GROUP BY clause.
This is the syntax:Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table GROUP BY column1 HAVING condition
For example, thenamespaces
following statement returns
and classes, and records of the OrderDate
how to integrate both with column that have a total freight of
more than 900: ADO.NET.
SELECT OrderDate FROM Orders GROUP BY(OrderDate) HAVING SUM(Freight) > 900
Table of Contents
Introduction
Using the
Chapter 1 UPDATE
- ADO.NET Basics Statement
TheUPDATE statement makes changes to existing records in a database table. The UPDATE statement takes
database table names and table columns and their values.
Chapter 5 - for
The syntax Handling
UPDATEADO.NET Events
statement is as follows:
Chapter 7
UPDATE table SET column1 = [new value], column2 =[new value],.,WHERE {condition}
For example,
10 - Working with thequery
ODBCupdates theProvider
.NET Data Freight column value to 500 in the Orders table where OrderId is
10248:11 - Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter
Chapter
UPDATE 13 Orders
- Developing
SETa Custom
Freight Data
= Provider
500 WHERE OrderId = 10248
Using a16comma,
Chapter youServer
- ASP.NET can update as and
Controls many as Binding
Data columns as you want. If you want to update all the rows of a
column or more than one column, you don't use the WHERE clause. For example, the following query updates
all the rows of the Freight column with the value of 500:
UPDATE
Chapter 20 Orders SET Freight
- COM Interoperability and = 500
ADO.NET
Using the DELETE Statement
TheDELETE statement removes records from a database table. Using the DELETE statement, which is
dangerously simple, you can either delete records based on certain criteria or delete all the records of a
Index
database table.
List of Figures
List
The of syntax
Tables of the DELETE statement is as follows:
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
DELETE FROM table WHERE {condition}
For example, the following statement deletes all rows of OrderId 10248 (there should be only one because
OrderID is the primary key):
DELETE FROM Orders WHERE OrderID = 10248
If you want to delete all of a table's rows, retaining an empty table, you can use the following statement:
DELETE FROM Orders
(In Access, DELETE statements
Apress can
2003 (928 impact more than one table's rows depending on whether cascading
pages)
deletes are enabled.)
Using the CREATE TABLE Statement
ADO.NET.
A database table is a collection of rows and columns. Each field in a table is represented as a column. Each
field of a table must have a defined data type and a unique name. You can use the CREATE TABLE statement
Table of Contents
to create database tables programmatically.
The syntax for CREATE TABLE is as follows:
Introduction
Chapter
CREATE 2 TABLE
table (column1 .NET
column1_datatype,
Chapter
column23 -column2_datetype,
ADO.NET in Disconnected..,
Environments
column column_datatype)
The following
Chapter 6
statement creates a myTable table with the columns myId, myName, myAddress, and
myBalance, which can store integer, character 50, character 255, and floating values, respectively. The
CONSTRAINT...PRIMARY KEY syntax makes a column a primary key column:
CREATE TABLE myTable (myId INTEGER CONSTRAINT PKeyMyId PRIMARY KEY,
myName CHAR(50), myAddress CHAR(255), myBalance FLOAT)
Using the DROP TABLE Statement
There might be some occasions when either you need to delete a table permanently or you need to create
temporary, "scratch" tables and then delete them. The DROP TABLE statement deletes a database table.
Chapter 18 - for
The syntax Object-Relational
DROP TABLEMapping in .NET
is as follows:
Chapter 20 - COMtable
DROP TABLE Interoperability and ADO.NET
For example,
Appendix the following
B - Commonly Usedstatement deletes myTable from the database:
SQL Statements
Index
DROP TABLE myTable
List of Figures
List of Tables
Using the TRUNCATE TABLE Statement

List of Listings
List of Sidebars
DROP TABLE deletes all records of a table and the table itself from the database. But what if you don't want to
delete the table, just its records? One way of doing this is to use the DELETE FROM query. TRUNCATE TABLE
is another way to remove the data of a table without getting rid of the table itself. TRUNCATE TABLE removes
all records from a table without logging the individual record deletes. The DELETE statement removes records
one at a time and makes an entry in the transaction log for each deleted record. TRUNCATE TABLE is faster
than DELETE because it removes the data by deallocating the database table data pages, and only
deallocations of the pages are recorded in the transaction log.
TRUNCATE TABLE doesn't remove the table structure, columns, constraints, or indexes. If you want to remove
a table definition and its data, use DROP TABLE instead.
The syntax of this statement is simple:

Applied
TRUNCATE TABLE tableADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
For example, theThis
following statement
text provides truncates
extensive the Customers
coverage table:
TRUNCATE TABLE Customers
ADO.NET.
Table Note
of Contents
Access databases don't natively support TRUNCATE TABLE.
Introduction
Using the
Chapter 1
INSERT Statement
- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - Data
In the previous Components
sections in Visual
you saw how toStudio .NETinformation from tables. But how do these rows of data get
retrieve
Chapter
into the3tables
in the first place? This Environments
is what this section, covering INSERT INTO, and the next section,
covering
Chapter 4 UPDATE, areinabout.
There are
Chapter 6 -basically twoXML
Integrating ways to insert
with ADO.NETdata into a table. One way is to insert them one row at a time, and the
other way -isData
Chapter 7
to insert the data several rows at a time. First let's look at how you can insert data one row at a
time.
Chapter 9 - for
The syntax ADO.NET Exception
inserting Handling
data into a table one row at a time is as follows:
INSERT INTO table (column1, column2, .., columnn)
Chapter
VALUES 12 (value1,
- Oracle, SQLXML, and Other
value2, ...,.NET Data Providers
valunen)
For example,
15 - Using ADO.NET inquery
Xml adds a new record to the Customers table columns with their corresponding
Web Services
values:16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter
Chapter
INSERT 18 INTO
Customers(CompanyName, ContactName, ContactTitle,
Address,
Chapter City, Objects:
19 - Mapped Phone)Performance
VALUES ("New Name","New
Considerations and DataContact","New
Binding Title",
"New Address",
Chapter "New City",
20 - COM Interoperability "New Phone")
and ADO.NET
You can also insert records in a table by selecting records from another table. You can do that by mixing
INSERT INTO and SELECT statements. The only condition is that the data type of the columns must match in
both tables.
Index
The syntax for this is as follows:
List of Figures
List of Tables
INSERT INTO table1 (column1, column2, ...)
List of Listings
SELECT column1, column2, ... FROM table2
List of Sidebars
The previous syntax selects data from table2 and inserts it in table1. The data types of column1 in table1 must
match with the data type of column1 in table2 and so on.
The following query reads CustName and ContName from NewTable and inserts data to the Customers table:
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName)

SELECT CustName, ContName FROM NewTable
You can also apply WHERE and other clauses on this query as you have applied them on the previous SELECT
statements.
Using Joinsby and Aliases
Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
You can represent a table and column in a SQL statement using their alias names. Aliases are frequently
This text provides
used as shorthand-especially extensive
in join queries.coverage of syntax:
This is the ADO.NET technology
SELECT aliastable.column1 and how to FROM
aliascolumn integrate both with
table aliastable
ADO.NET.
For example, this code uses A1 as the alias for the Customers table:
Table of Contents
SELECT A1.CustomerID FROM Customers A1;
Introduction
Chapter
Figure 2B-12
- Data Components
shows the outputinofVisual Studio .NET
this statement. You can use the same syntax for multiple tables by separating
Chapter 3 -commas.
them with ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Figure B-12: Output of the Alias statement
Chapter 18 useful
Joins are - Object-Relational
when you need Mapping in .NET
to select data from multiple tables based on selection criteria from more than
Chapter 19 -For
one table. Mapped Objects:
example, you Performance Considerations
want to select data from theand Data and
Orders Binding
Customers tables where the CustomerID
column20
Chapter in -the Customers
COM table exists
Interoperability in the CustomerID column of the Orders table as a foreign key. The
and ADO.NET
following
Chapter 21 statement returns you the result:
- Messaging
Appendix
SELECTA DISTINCT
- Relational Databases: Some Basic Orders.CustomerID,
Orders.OrderID, Concepts Orders.EmployeeID,
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Customers.Address,
Customers.CompanyName, Statements Customers.City
FROM Customers
Appendix C - ADO.NET INNER JOIN
Frequently Orders
Asked ON Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID;
Questions
Index
List of Figures
The output of this statement looks like Figure B-13.
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure B-13: Output of the JOIN statement

There are a handful of different types of joins, the most important of which are inner joins, outer joins, and
cross joins.
Inner joins returnThis
records
text when both
provides tables have
extensive at least
coverage one row technology
of ADO.NET that satisfies the join condition.
interfaces,
Outer joins work with LEFT and takes a comprehensive
(OUTER) JOIN,RIGHT (OUTER)look at XMLJOIN, and FULL (OUTER) JOIN clauses.
OUTER JOIN with namespaces
RIGHT JOIN and classes,
return alland how tofrom
records integrate bothtable
the right with and null values for the unmatched
ADO.NET.
records in the left table. The OUTER JOIN with LEFT JOIN clause is the reverse of the OUTER JOIN with
RIGHT JOIN clause. It returns all records from the left table and null values for the unmatched records in the
rightof
Table table. The OUTER JOIN with the FULL JOIN clause returns all records from both tables. If there's no
Contents
match for a record of the Data-Driven
Applied ADO.NETBuilding left table in Solutions
the right table, the right table returns null values and vice versa.
Introduction
Cross joins return all records from the left table, and each row of the left table is combined with all records of
the right table.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Understanding
AppliedViews
Aview is a virtual Apress
table that represents
2003 (928 pages)data from one or more than one database table. You can select data
from single or multiple tables based on the sort
This text provides extensive and filter
coverage criteria (using
of ADO.NET WHERE and GROUP BY clauses) and
technology
save data as a view. You can also set permissions on views to
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and control access to sensitive data. For example,
interfaces, and
a manager, an accountant, and takes a comprehensive
a clerk look all
of a company can at use
XML the same database. The manager can
access all data fromnamespaces
differentand classes,
tables of theand how to integrate
database, both with
the accountant can access only some of the data from
ADO.NET.
multiple tables, and the clerk can access only some of a single table's data. The easiest way to do this is with
SQL views; you create three different views based on the user rights and let the user access these views
based
Table of on their rights.
Contents
Note Access databases don't natively support SQL views. You'll need to use a "true" relational database
Introduction
to explore views, such as SQL Server and its copy of Northwind.
Chapter 2 - Data
TheCREATE Components
VIEW in Visual
SQL statement Studioa.NET
creates view. The simple format of the CREATE VIEW statement is as
Chapter
follows:3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter
CREATE 5 VIEW
- Handling ADO.NET
viewname AS Events
selectstatement
where viewname
Chapter is theand
8 - Constraints name of Relations
Data the view and selectstatement is the SELECT statement used to select
data from one or more table.
The following CREATE VIEW statement creates myView with records as a result of SELECT myName FROM
myTable:
CREATE VIEW myView AS SELECT myName FROM myTable
The following Server Controls
two CREATE and Data Binding
VIEW statements create the View1 view and the View2 view from the Orders
table based on different criteria: Applications
Chapter
CREATE 19 VIEW
- Mapped Objects:AS
"View1" Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter
SELECT 20 OrderID,
OrderDate, and ADO.NET
ShippedDate
FROM Orders
Chapter
WHERE22(Freight
- SQL Server
< and
10)ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
CREATEC VIEW
Appendix "View2"
- ADO.NET AS Asked Questions
Frequently
SELECT OrderID, OrderDate, ShippedDate
Index
FROM
List Orders
of Figures
WHERE (Freight > 1000)
List of Tables
List of Listings
List
You of can
Sidebars
also create views by selecting data from multiple tables. For example, the following view selects
data from the Products and Categories tables. By using views this way, you can essentially "save" frequently
used queries:
CREATE VIEW "Products by Category" AS

SELECT Categories.CategoryName, Products.ProductName, Products.QuantityPerUnit,
Products.UnitsInStock, Products.Discontinued
FROM Categories INNER JOIN Products ON Categories.CategoryID
= Products.CategoryID
WHERE Products.Discontinued <> 1
ORDER BY Categories.CategoryName, Products.ProductName
Note You mayby have heard
Mahesh Chandtheand
termDavid
materialized
Talbot view and ISBN:1590590732
wondered what it was. Basically, a
materialized view is a view that's
Apress 2003 (928 pages) been stored (in many ways defeating the original goal of views as
being virtual tables, but that's another issue). SQL Server
This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology calls its materialized views indexed
views, and
including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andversion of SQL Server, only the
although you can create indexed views with any
interfaces,
enterprise, and takes
developer, a comprehensive
and evaluation editionslook
useatthem.
XML A SQL Server indexed view is essentially a
namespaces
view that has had a and
set classes,
of uniqueand how to
values integrate both
"materialized" with
into the form of a clustered index, thereby
ADO.NET.
providing a quick lookup in terms of pulling the information behind a view together.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Using SQL Applied
Server's SELECT...FOR
ADO.NET: XML
Building Data-Driven Clause
Solutions
Most of today's databases support
Apress 2003 Extensible Markup Language (XML). In SQL Server, for example, you
(928 pages)
can execute SQLThis queries to return results ascoverage
text provides extensive XML rather than standard
of ADO.NET rowsets. You can execute these
technology
queries directly orincluding
from within stored procedures. To retrieve results
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and directly, you use the FOR XML clause
interfaces,Within
of the SELECT statement. and takes a comprehensive
the FOR XML clause,look
you at XML one of three XML modes: RAW, AUTO,
specify
or EXPLICIT. (You namespaces and classes,
can also work anddata
with XML howintoAccess,
integrate both with
Oracle, MySQL, and other databases, but the
ADO.NET.
techniques vary.)
For example, this SQL Server SELECT statement retrieves information from the Customers and Orders
Table of Contents
tables in the Northwind database:
Introduction
SELECT
Chapter 1 Customers.CustomerID,
- ADO.NET Basics ContactName, CompanyName,
Chapter 2
Orders.CustomerID, OrderDate
FROM Customers, Orders
WHERE Customers.CustomerID = Orders.CustomerID
AND (Customers.CustomerID = "NALFKI"
OR Customers.CustomerID = "NXYZAA")
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerID
Chapter
FOR XML7 -AUTO
Understanding
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET SQL Injection
Data Providers
SQL injection is the process of using SQL queries and failing because of invalid user input. SQL
injection is usually caused by the code written by developers. For example, let's say a form has a
TextBox1 control and developers use the text of TextBox1 as one of the SQL query variables:
string str = "SELECT * FROM Table WHERE Name ='"
+ TextBox1.Text + "'";
Chapter 21 what
Now, - Messaging
happens when Amie O'Donell enters her name in TextBox1? The execution of the SQL
Chapter
query -will
22 SQL failServer and of
because ADO.NET: Notes
invalid SQL on Performance
syntax. You have to be careful when building and executing
Appendix A -SQL
direct Relational Databases:
queries. You can Some
simplyBasic
avoidConcepts
this by checking if the user input has an invalid character in
Appendix
it. B - Commonly Used SQL Statements
IndexAnother common scenario is when the database server is expecting a number value and the user
enters a string value or vice versa. This could lead to a failure if you don't have a check in the code.
List of Figures
For example, you could use the ToString method to make sure the input is a valid query (using the
List of Tables
Convert class to convert from one data type to another).
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress some
2003 (928 commonly used SQL statements. You can access the following
pages)
resources online:This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
"A Gentle Introduction
interfaces, to SQL"
and byaAndrew
takes Cumming:
comprehensive lookhttp://sqlzoo.net
at XML
Microsoft SQL Server product documentation:
ADO.NET.
www.microsoft.com/sql/techinfo/productdoc/2000/default.asp
Table of Contents
Peter Gulutzan's Ocelot SQL site: www.ocelot.ca
"SQL Tutorial" at W3Schools: www.w3schools.com/sql/default.asp
Introduction
Chapter 1
"Trees- in
ADO.NET Basics
SQL" by Joe Celko: www.intelligententerprise.com/001020/celko1_1.shtml
The
Chapter 3 SQL Tutorialinsite
- ADO.NET by Chuo-Han
Disconnected Lee: www.1keydata.com/sql/sql.html
Environments
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
AppendixApplied
C: ADO.NET:
ADO.NET Frequently
Asked Questions
ISBN:1590590732
In this appendix, we'll answer
interfaces, some
and takesofathe commonly asked
comprehensive look atquestions
XML related to ADO.NET. Most of these
namespaces
questions were originally andon
asked classes, and how
C# Corner to integrate
discussion forumsboth with
(www.c-sharpcorner.com) or other
ADO.NET.
newsgroups.
Q: FAQ 1: How can I obtain a database schema programmatically?

Table of Contents
Q: FAQ 2: How can I obtain table schema using a Command object?
Introduction
Chapter
Q: FAQ 2 3:
- Data
HowComponents
can I get in Visual
rid Studio .NETplus (+) sign in a DataGrid?
of the
Q: FAQ 4: How do I hide a DataTable column?
Q: FAQ 5: How can I insert dates in a SQL statement?
Q: FAQ
Chapter 9 6: How can
- ADO.NET I getHandling
Exception columns names and their data types from a DataSet?
Chapter
Q: FAQ 11 7:
- Stored
How Procedures
can I findand Views
out how many rows are in a DataGrid?
Chapter
Q: FAQ 13 8:
- Developing
How do aI Custom Data Provider
implement paging in ADO.NET?
Q: FAQ 9: How do I implement transactions in the OleDb data provider?
Q: FAQ
Chapter 18 10: How can I Mapping
- Object-Relational create inAutoIncrement
.NET columns?
Q: FAQ
Chapter 20 11:
How can I copy and aADO.NET
DataSet's contents?
Chapter
Q: FAQ 22 12:
- SQLHow
Server
canandIADO.NET: Notes(*)
use Count on Performance
to count number of rows?
Q: FAQ 13: How do I get a database schema using a DataSet
programmatically?
Index
List
Q:ofFAQ
Figures
14: How does SELECT DISTINCT work, and how is it related to
List ofduplicates?
Tables
List of Listings
List
Q:ofFAQ
Sidebars
15: How do I read and write to the Windows Registry in .NET?
Q: FAQ 16: How can I obtain ODBC Data Source Names (DSNs)?
Q: FAQ 17: How can I read and write bitmaps or BLOB data?
Q: FAQ 18: What are DiffGrams and how do they relate to DataSets? How do I
read and write DiffGrams using a DataSet?
Q: FAQ 19: How does CommandBehavior work?

Applied
Q: FAQ 20: How can ADO.NET:
I count Building Data-Driven
total number Solutions in a DataReader?
of records
Q: FAQ 21: How can I find out the end of file in a DataReader?
interfaces,
Q: FAQ 22: How can I and takesrecords
sort a comprehensive
using look at XML
a DataReader?
ADO.NET.
Q: FAQ 23: What's the fastest way to figure out connection strings for
different data providers?
Table of Contents
Applied
AnswersADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
A: If you're
Chapter usingComponents
2 - Data the OleDb data provider,
in Visual Studioyou
.NETcan use the GetOleDbSchemaTable method of the
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments Sql data provider doesn't support this method. However, you
OleDbConnection object. Unfortunately, the
can4use
Chapter sysobjects
- ADO.NET as a table
in Connected name in your SELECT statement, which returns all the tables stored in a
Environments
database for SQL Server.
A: You can get a database table schema by executing a SqlCommand object. Actually, the IDataReader
Chapter 7
object -helps
you to return a table schema with the help of its GetSchemaTable method. You know that the
Chapter 8 - Constraintsmethod
ExecuteReader and DataofRelations
SqlCommand returns an IDataReader (or SqlDataReader) object. When
you want a table schema, you Handling
need to pass CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly as the only argument of
ExecuteReader, the ODBC
which .NET
returns Data Provider
a DataTable with the schema of a database table.
Listing
Chapter 12 -C-1 reads
Oracle, a database
SQLXML, table .NET
and Other schema,
Data displays
Providersit in a DataGrid control, and lists all the columns of a
table
Chapter 13in- a ListBoxacontrol.
Developing Custom Data Provider
Listing C-1: Getting a Database Table Schema Using SqlCommand
conn
Chapter 17 -=Building
New SqlConnection(connectionString)
conn.Open()
sql = "SELECT * FROM Employees"
Dim cmd As SqlCommand = New SqlCommand(sql, conn)
Dim reader As IDataReader = _
cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SchemaOnly)
Dim schemaTable As DataTable = New DataTable()
schemaTable = reader.GetSchemaTable
DataGrid1.DataSource = schemaTable
Appendix
Dim CrowCollection
As Asked Questions
DataRowCollection = _
Indexreader.GetSchemaTable().Rows
List ofDim
Figures
row As DataRow
List ofFor
Tables
Each row In rowCollection
List of Listings
str = row("ColumnName")
ListBox1.Items.Add(str)
List of Sidebars
Next
conn.Close()
TheGetSchemaTable method returns meta-data about each column. Table C-1 defines the metadata
and column order.
Table C-1: IDataReader Meta-Data

COLUMN NAME DESCRIPTION
ColumnName This is the name of the column.
ColumnOrdinal This isextensive
This text provides the ordinal of the column.
coverage Thistechnology
of ADO.NET is zero for the bookmark column of
including ADO.NET
the row,internals, namespaces,
if any. Other columnsclasses, and
are numbered starting with one. This column
can't contain a null value.
ColumnSizeADO.NET. This is the length of the column.
NumericPrecision If ProviderType is a numeric data type, this is the maximum precision of
Table of Contents the column.
NumericScale
Introduction
If ProviderType is DBTYPE_DECIMAL or DBTYPE_NUMERIC, this is the
number of digits to the right of the decimal point. Otherwise, this is a null
value.
DataType Environments
This is the data type of the column (the .NET Framework data type).
ProviderType This is the indicator of column's data type.
IsLong
Chapter YouADO.NET
6 - Integrating XML with can use this to find out if a column contains a Binary Long Object
Chapter 7 - Data Binding and (BLOB)
Windowsthat contains
Forms very long
Data-Bound data.
Controls
AllowDBNull This is true if a column can contain null values; otherwise, it's false.
10 - Working with the This
IsReadOnly
Chapter ODBCis.NET
true if a Provider
Data column is read only; otherwise, it's false.
Chapter 11 - Stored ProceduresThis
andisViews
true if the column contains a persistent row identifier that can't be
IsRowVersion
written to, .NET
and itData
hasProviders
no meaningful value except to identity the row.
IsUnique
Chapter ThisWeb
14 - Developing Database is true if the column
Applications has unique values, which means no two rows
using ASP.NET
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET incan
Xmlhave
Web same values
Services
IsKeyColumn and Data
This is true Binding
if the column is one of a set of columns in the rowset that,
taken together, uniquely identify the row.
IsAutoIncrement This is true if a column is auto-incrementing.
BaseSchemaName Thisand ADO.NET
is the name of the schema in the data store that contains the column.
Chapter 21 - Messaging This is a null value if you can't determine the base schema name.
BaseCatalogName This is the name of the catalog in the data store that contains the column.
This is a null value if you can't determine the base catalog name.
BaseTableName
Appendix ThisAsked
C - ADO.NET Frequently is theQuestions
name of the table or view in the data store that contains the
Index column. This is a null value if you can't determine the base table name.
List of BaseColumnName
Figures This is the name of the column in the data store. This might be different
List of Tables from the column name returned in the ColumnName column if you used an
List of Listings alias.
List of Sidebars
A: When you fill Applied ADO.NET:
a DataGrid Building
control using a Data-Driven Solutions
DataSet'sDefaultViewManager, the DataGrid control
by(+)
displays a plus Mahesh
sign, Chand and you
which lets David Talbot it and see all
expand ISBN:1590590732
the available tables in a collection. You can
Apress
easily avoid the + sign by not
2003 (928binding
pages) a DataGrid with the DefaultViewManager. Instead, you can read
each DataTable fromprovides
This text the collection andcoverage
extensive bind them programmatically.
Say you haveinterfaces,
a DataSet and takesds.
called a comprehensive lookfollowing
You can use the at XML method:
ADO.NET.
dataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables["TableName"];
Table of Contents
or you
Applied can use the following:
Introduction
dataGrid1.DataSource = ds.Tables[index];
A: The4Columns
Chapter property
- ADO.NET of a DataTable
in Connected represents a collection of columns in a DataTable. You can get
Environments
aDataColumn
Chapter 5
from this collection by using a column index or the name of the column. Setting the
Visible property to false hides a column, and setting it to true displays the column:
DataTable.Columns(index).Visible
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations = false;
A: The following code shows how to construct a SQL statement with date values in it. You can simply execute
this query:
Dim sql As String = "INSERT INTO Table (col1, [date], col2)" & _
" VALUES(4588, #01/02/02#, 'some value')"
Chapter 17common
A: It's a - Building Real-World
need Webwant
when you Applications
to find out how many columns (and their names and data types) that a
DataSet or a DataTable Mapping in .NET
contains. You can get DataTable columns through the Columns property,
Chapter 19 returns
which - MappedallObjects:
columnsPerformance Considerations
as a collection. and has
If a DataSet Datamultiple
Binding tables, you use the DataSet.Tables
Chapter 20 - COM
property, Interoperability
which and ADO.NET
returns a collection of DataTable objects as a collection of DataTables. To get a
Chapter from a collection, you can either use the table name or use the table index.
21 - Messaging
DataTable
Once you get a collection of columns of a DataTable, you can read each column one by one and get
DataColumn member values. To find out the data type of a DataColumn, you can use the DataType
property. If you want to compare whether a column is a string, integer, or other type, you can compare its
DataType property with Type.GetType().
Index
List ofListing
Figures
C-2 reads a DataTable's columns and checks if a column is a string type.
List of Tables
List ofListing
ListingsC-2: ReadingDataSet Columns and Their Data Types
List of Sidebars
' Add Table columns to the dropdownlistbox
Dim cols As DataColumnCollection = ds.Tables(0).Columns
Dim col As DataColumn
For Each col In cols
searchDropDown.Items.Add(col.ColumnName)
' add only string type columns, otherwise
If (col.DataType Is Type.GetType("System.String")) Then
' do something
Else
' else do something
End If
Next
This a
A: Each control has text provides extensiveobject
BindingManager coverage of ADO.NET
associated withtechnology
it. You can use the Count property of
including
BindingManager: ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Dim rowsADO.NET.
As Integer = _
dtGrid.BindingContext(dtGrid.DataSource, _
dtGrid.DataMember).Count
Table of Contents
Introduction
A: Paging is a processing of fetching a number of rows as a page (a subset of data) instead of all rows from a
Chapter
data1 source.
- ADO.NET
You Basics
can achieve paging in two ways in ADO.NET: by using a DataAdapter and by using a
Chapter
SQL 2 statement.
Paging
Chapter 4 - Using a DataAdapter
TheFill method of DataAdapter provides an overloaded form where you can ask the DataAdapter to
return only a selected number of rows in a DataSet. The overloaded form of the Fill method is as
follows:
Overloads Public Function Fill(ByVal dataSet As DataSet, _
ByVal startRecord As Integer, _
ByVal maxRecords As Integer, _
ByVal srcTable As String _
Chapter
) As13 -Integer
where
Chapter - ASP.NET is
16 dataSet a DataSet
Server Controlstoand
fill with
Datarecords
Binding and, if necessary, schema; startRecord is the zero-
based
Chapter 17 -record number
Building to start
Real-World Webwith; maxRecords is the maximum number of records to retrieve; and
Applications
srcTable
Chapter is the name ofMapping
18 - Object-Relational the source table to use for table mapping. Listing C-3 shows a function that
in .NET
returns
Chapter 19 - aMapped
DataSet filled Performance
Objects: with the records based on the
Considerations andpage
Data size passed in the method.
Binding
Listing C-3: GetPageData Method
Function
Appendix GetPagedData(ByVal
A - Relational daConcepts
Databases: Some Basic As SqlDataAdapter, _
ByVal idx As Integer, ByVal size As Integer) As DataSet
Try
Index
da.Fill(ds, idx, size, "Orders")
List of Figures
Catch e As Exception
List of Tables
MessageBox.Show(e.Message.ToString())
List of Listings
End Try
List of Sidebars
Return ds
End Function
Paging Using the SELECT TOP SQL Statement
Besides the Fill method of a DataAdapter, you can even use a SELECT SQL statement to retrieve the
number of records from a table. You use the SELECT TOP statement for this purpose. The following
statement selects the top 10 records from the Customers table. You set the SELECT statement as the
SELECT TOP statement:
"SELECT TOP 10 CustomerID, CompanyName, " & _
Applied ADO.NET:
" ContactName FROMBuilding Data-Driven
Customers ORDER Solutions
BY CustomerID"
ImplementingThis
Paging
interfaces,
Finally, let's see and takes
how to use a comprehensive
both the look at XML
previously discussed methods to implement paging in ADO.NET. The
namespaces
sample application and Figure
looks like classes,C-1.
and In
how
thistofigure,
integrate
youboth
can with
enter the number of rows you want to load
ADO.NET.
in a page. The Load Page button loads the first page. The Previous Page and Next Page buttons load those
pages from database. When you check the SELECT TOP check box, the program uses the SELECT TOP
Tablemethod; otherwise, it uses the DataAdapter'sFill method.
of Contents
Introduction
Figure C-1: Paging in an ADO.NET application
Listing C-4 implements paging using both methods. As you can see from this code, the Load Page button
Chapter
click16event
- ASP.NET Server
handler Controls
reads andsize,
the page Datacreates
Bindingand opens a new connection, and checks whether the
SELECT TOP check box is checked. If it is, it calls the GetTopData method; otherwise, it calls the
GetPagedData method.Mapping in .NET
Listing
Chapter 20 - C-4:
COM Implementing
Interoperability Paging in ADO.NET
and ADO.NET
Chapter 22 - SQLSub
Private Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
LoadPageBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Some BasicHandles
Concepts LoadPageBtn.Click
pageSize Used SQL Statements
= Convert.ToInt32(TextBox1.Text.ToString())
' CCreate
Appendix and
- ADO.NET open aAsked
Frequently connection
Questions
Index conn = New SqlConnection(connectionString)
conn.Open()
List of Figures
' Find out total number of records
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
cmd.CommandText = "SELECT Count(*) FROM Customers"
totalRecords = cmd.ExecuteScalar()
' Create data adapter
sql = "SELECT CustomerID, CompanyName, ContactName " & _
"FROM Customers ORDER BY CustomerID"
ds = New DataSet()
' If SELECT TOP check box is checked
If CheckBox1.Checked Then
selectTop = True
Else
Applied
selectTop = ADO.NET:
False Building Data-Driven Solutions
This text
' if SELECT TOPprovides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
is checked
including
If selectTop Then ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
GetTopData("",
namespaces and0) classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET. = custTable
Else
ds = GetPagedData(adapter, curIndex, pageSize)
Table of Contents
curIndex = curIndex + pageSize
Introduction
End If
Chapter
End1 Sub
- ADO.NET Basics
' Get
Chapter a page in
3 - ADO.NET using SELECT
Disconnected TOP statement
Environments
Public
Chapter Sharedin Sub
4 - ADO.NET GetTopData(ByVal
Connected Environments selectCmd As String, ByVal type As Integer)
Chapter '5 First time
- Handling load Events
ADO.NET first TOP pages
Chapter If
6 -(selectCmd.Equals(String.Empty))
Integrating XML with ADO.NET Then
Chapter 7 selectCmd
- Data Binding= and
"SELECT
WindowsTOP " Data-Bound
Forms & pageSize & " CustomerID, CompanyName, " & _
Controls
Chapter 8
"- Constraints
ContactName FROM Customers ORDER BY CustomerID"
and Data Relations
End If
totalPages = CInt(Math.Ceiling(CDbl(totalRecords) / pageSize))
adapter.SelectCommand.CommandText = selectCmd
Dim tmpTable As DataTable = New DataTable("Customers")
Chapter Dim
13 - Developing a Custom Data
recordsAffected As Provider
Integer = adapter.Fill(tmpTable)
Chapter '14If - Developing
the table does notApplications
Database Web exist, using ASP.NET
create it.
Chapter If15 -custTable
Is Nothing Then custTable = tmpTable.Clone()
Chapter '16Refresh
- ASP.NET the
Server Controls
table ifand
atData Binding
least one record is returned.
Chapter If17 -recordsAffected
> 0 Then
Chapter 18Select
- Object-Relational
Case type Mapping in .NET
Case 1Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Chapter 20 - COM currentPage
Interoperability=and
currentPage
ADO.NET + 1
Case 2
Chapter 22 - SQLcurrentPage = currentPage
Server and ADO.NET: - 1
Case Else
currentPage = 1
End Select
' Clear the rows and add new results.
Index
custTable.Rows.Clear()
List of Figures
' Import rows from temp tabke to custTable
List of Tables
Dim myRow As DataRow
List of Listings
For Each myRow In tmpTable.Rows
List of SidebarscustTable.ImportRow(myRow)
Next
' Preserve the first and last primary key values.
Dim ordRows() As DataRow = custTable.Select("", "CustomerID ASC")
firstVisibleCustomer = ordRows(0)(0).ToString()
lastVisibleCustomer = ordRows(custTable.Rows.Count - 1)(0).ToString()
End If
End Sub
' Previous page button click

Private Sub PrePageBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PrePageBtn.Click
' if SELECT TOP is checked
AppliedThen
If selectTop ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
sql = "SELECT Chand
by Mahesh TOP "and & David Talbot & " CustomerID,
pageSize ISBN:1590590732
CompanyName, " & _
" ContactName FROM Customers " & _
"WHEREThis text provides <
CustomerID extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
'" & firstVisibleCustomer & "' ORDER BY CustomerID"
including ADO.NET
GetTopData(sql, 1) internals, namespaces, classes, and
Else namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ds = GetPagedData(adapter,
ADO.NET. curIndex, pageSize)
curIndex = curIndex - pageSize
Table ofEnd
Contents
If
Introduction
End Sub
Chapter 2 - Data
' Next pageComponents
button in Visual Studio .NET
click
Private
Chapter Sub NextPageBtn_Click(ByVal
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments sender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Chapter e As System.EventArgs)
4 - ADO.NET Handles NextPageBtn.Click
Chapter '5 if SELECTADO.NET
- Handling TOP is checked
Events
Chapter If
6 -selectTop Then
Chapter 7 sql = Binding
- Data "SELECTand TOP " &Forms
Windows pageSize & " Controls
Data-Bound CustomerID, CompanyName, " & _
Chapter 8
"- Constraints
ContactName FROM Customers " & _
and Data Relations
"WHERE CustomerID > '" & lastVisibleCustomer & "' ORDER BY CustomerID"
GetTopData(sql, 2)
Else
ds = GetPagedData(adapter, curIndex, pageSize)
curIndex = curIndex + pageSize
Chapter 13DataGrid1.DataSource
Chapter End
14 - Developing
If Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter
End15Sub
The19
Chapter GetTopData method
- Mapped Objects: uses the SELECT
Performance TOP SQL
Considerations andquery to get the top records, creates a DataTable
Data Binding
custTable,
Chapter and reads dataand
20 - COM Interoperability in this table from the main DataTable tmpTable, which has all records
ADO.NET
from
Chapter 21the database table.
- Messaging
Now, if you see the Previous Page and Next Page button click handlers, you'll see that it's just a matter of
Appendix A -GetTopData
calling Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
and GetPagedData with the current record number and number of records to be
Appendix B
fetched.- Commonly Used SQL Statements
IndexYou can download the complete source code from the Downloads section of the Apress Web site
List of(www.apress.com)
Figures for more details.
List of Tables
A: A transaction is a set of SQL SELECT , INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE statements that are dependent on
List of Listings
one another. For instance, say you can't delete and update some data until it's added to the database. So,
List of Sidebars
you combine all required SQL statements and execute them as a single transaction. If there are no errors
during the transaction, all modifications in the transaction become a permanent part of the database. If
errors are encountered, none of the modifications are made to the database. If a transaction was
successful, the transaction was committed; otherwise, the transaction was rolled back.
For example, in a banking application where funds are transferred from one account to another, one
account is credited an amount and another account is debited the same amount simultaneously. Because
computers can fail because of power outages, network outages, and so on, it's possible to update a row in
one table but not in the related table. If your database supports transactions, you can group database
operations into a transaction to prevent database inconsistency resulting from these outages.
In ADO.NET, the Connection and Transaction objects handle transactions. Follow these steps to
1.
perform transactions:
Appliedan
1. After creating ADO.NET:
instance Building Data-Driven
of a Connection Solutions
class (no matter what data provider you choose), you
call the BeginTransaction method to start a transaction. The BeginTransaction method
returns a Transaction object:
Dim tran As OleDbTransaction
interfaces, = conn.BeginTransaction()
ADO.NET.
2. Create Command objects with the active transaction, set its Transaction property as the current
transaction, and call its Execute method:
Table of Contents
Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand()
Introduction
cmd.Transaction = tran
3. -Call
Chapter 4 the Commit
ADO.NET and Rollback
in Connected methods to commit and roll back transactions using this code:
Environments
Chapter 6 -tran.Commit()
Chapter 7 -tran.Rollback()
Chapter 11 -Listing
StoredC-5 shows you
Procedures andhow to use transactions in the OleDb data provider.
Views
Listing C-5: Transactions in the OleDb Data Provider
Chapter 16 Sub
Main()
Chapter 17 Dim
str As String Web Applications
Chapter 18 Dim
- Object-Relational Mapping inAs
connectionString .NET
String = _
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and DataData
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Binding
Source=F:\\AppliedAdoNet.mdb"
Chapter 20 '- COM Interoperability
Create and open and
a ADO.NET
connection
Chapter 21 Dim
- Messaging
conn As OleDbConnection = _
NewServer
Chapter 22 - SQL OleDbConnection(connectionString)
Appendix A conn.Open()
Appendix B '- Commonly
Start a Used
transaction
SQL Statements
Appendix C Dim tran Frequently
- ADO.NET As OleDbTransaction
Asked Questions = conn.BeginTransaction()
Index Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = New OleDbCommand()
List of
Figures
cmd.Transaction = tran
List of Tables
Try
List of Listings
str = "INSERT INTO Users (UserName, UserDescription)" & _
List of Sidebars
" VALUES ('New User', 'New Description')"
cmd.CommandText = str
str = "UPDATE Users SET UserName = 'Updated User' WHERE " & _
" UserName = 'New User'"
str = "DELETE * FROM Users WHERE UserName = 'Updated User'"
' Commit transaction
tran.Commit()
Console.WriteLine("Changes saved.")
Applied
Catch e ADO.NET:
As ExceptionBuilding Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh Chand and
' Rollback transaction David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
tran.Rollback() pages)
Console.WriteLine(e.Message.ToString())
Console.WriteLine("No changesclasses,
were andmade to database.")
Finally
conn.Close()
ADO.NET.
conn.Dispose()
End Try
Table of Contents
End Sub
Introduction
A: Auto-incrementing columnsin Visual Studio .NET
are columns whose value increases automatically when a new record is added
to the
Chapter 3 table. To create
- ADO.NET an auto-incrementing
in Disconnected Environmentscolumn, you set the DataColumn.AutoIncrement property
totrue.
Chapter The DataColumn
4 - ADO.NET willEnvironments
in Connected then start with the value defined in the AutoIncrementSeed property,
and5with
Chapter each rowADO.NET
- Handling added, Events
the value of the AutoIncrement column increases by the value held in the
AutoIncrementStep
Chapter property
6 - Integrating XML with of the column:
ADO.NET
Dim8 col1
Chapter As DataColumn
- Constraints =
and Data Relations
DataTable.Columns.Add("CustomerID",
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handling typeof(Int32))
workColumn.AutoIncrement = true
workColumn.AutoIncrementSeed
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views = 1000
workColumn.AutoIncrementStep = 10Providers
Chapter 12 - Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data
A: There are occasions when you don't want to mess with the original DataSet's data and instead want to
copy data somewhere and work with it. The DataSet provides a Copy method that you can use to copy the
Chapter
data16of- aASP.NET
DataSet Server
to a Controls and Data Binding
second DataSet. When you copy data, you can copy in different ways: You can
create an exact copy of a DataSet including its schema, data, row state information, and row versions. You
Chapter
can18 - Object-Relational
also copy only affectedMapping in a
rows of .NET
DataSet to a second DataSet. Another case may be when you only
Chapter
want19to- copy
a DataSet schema, notConsiderations
the data. and Data Binding
To create
Chapter an exact copy of the DataSet including a DataSet schema and data, you can use the Copy
21 - Messaging
method.
Chapter For Server
22 - SQL example:
Dim Bds2
Appendix As DataSet
- Commonly = Statements
Used SQL ds1.Copy()
Index
TheGetChanges method gets the affected rows of a DataSet. The GetChanges method takes a
List of Figures
DataRowState object, which has members including Added,Modified, and Deleted. Using this
List of Tables
method, you can create a new DataSet from an existing DataSet with all rows that have been modified,
List of Listings
or you can specify new added, deleted, or modified rows.
List of Sidebars
To create a copy of a DataSet that includes schema and only the data representing the Added,
Modified, or Deleted rows, use the GetChanges method of the DataSet. You can also use
GetChanges to return only rows with a specified row state by passing a DataRowState value when
calling GetChanges. The following code shows how to pass a DataRowState when calling
GetChanges:
' Copy all changes.

Dim ds2 As DataSet = ds1.GetChanges()
' Copy only new rows.
Dim ds2 As DataSet = ds1.GetChanges(DataRowState.Added)
' Copy only updated rows.
Dim ds2 As DataSet = ds1.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified)
Applied
' Copy only ADO.NET:
deleted rows.Building Data-Driven Solutions
Dim ds2 As DataSet = ds1.GetChanges(DataRowState.Deleted)
including
TheClone method of aADO.NET
DataSet internals,
createsnamespaces, classes,
a new DataSet andan existing DataSet without copying its
from
data: interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Dim ds2 As DataSet = ds1.Clone()
Table of Contents
A: Getting the number ofData-Driven Solutions
records using a DataSet is pretty simple. A DataSet is a set of DataTable
Introduction
objects, and a DataTable'sRows property represents the number of records in a DataTable. The
following
Chapter code retrieves
1 - ADO.NET Basics the number of rows of the first table of a DataSet. Similarity, you can retrieve the
number
Chapter of records
2 - Data from other
Components tables
in Visual if a DataSet
Studio .NET contains more than one DataTable object:
Chapter
Dim4 ds
As DataSet = New Environments
DataSet()
adapter.Fill(ds, Events
"Employees")
Chapter
Dim6 counter
- Integrating
AsXML with ADO.NET
Integer = ds.Tables(0).Rows.Count
MessageBox.Show(counter.ToString())
Retrieving the number of records using a DataReader is little tricky. You use the SELECT Count * SQL
statement and execute the SQL statement using the ExecuteScalar method of the Command object. The
following code returns the number of records using the Count * statement:
Dim cmd As OleDbCommand = _
New OleDbCommand("SELECT Count(*) FROM Orders", conn)
Dim counter As Integer = CInt(cmd.ExecuteScalar())
MessageBox.Show(counter.ToString())
Chapter 19 - when
A: Usually Mapped Objects:
you Performance
work with Considerations
databases, you already and
knowData
theBinding
database schema such as database tables,
Chapter 20columns,
table - COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
and column properties. What if you don't know the database schema, and you need to get a
database's tables, columns, and column properties programmatically?
In this
Appendix A sample we show
- Relational you how
Databases: to access
Some a database schema programmatically. As you can see from
Basic Concepts
Figure C-2, we created a Windows application with one TextBox control, three Button controls, and two
ListBox controls. The Browse button lets you browse .mdb databases on your machine. The Get Tables
button then reads the database tables and adds them to the first list box. The Get Table Schema button
Index
returns the table columns and the properties of the selected table in list box.
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure C-2: Getting a database schema programmatically

Listing C-6 shows the source code for this application. As you can see, the BrowseBtn_Click handler
browses Access databases on the machine, fills the selected database name to the text box, and sets
dbName as the by database
Mahesh Chand and
name, David
which is Talbot ISBN:1590590732
a string type of variable defined as follows:
private string dbName = "";
ADO.NET.
Listing C-6: Reading a Database Schema Programmatically
Table of Contents
Private
Applied Sub Browse_Click(ByVal
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions sender As System.Object, _
Introduction
Chapter 1
Dim fdlg As OpenFileDialog = New OpenFileDialog()
- ADO.NET Basics
fdlg.Title = "C# Corner Open File Dialog"
fdlg.InitialDirectory = "c:\\"
fdlg.Filter = "All files (*.*)|*.mdb|" & _
"MS-Access Database files (*.mdb)|*.mdb"
fdlg.FilterIndex = 2
Chapter 6 fdlg.RestoreDirectory
- Integrating XML with ADO.NET = True
Chapter 7 If
- Data Binding and Windows Forms
fdlg.ShowDialog() Data-Bound Controls
= DialogResult.OK Then
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data=Relations
TextBox1.Text fdlg.FileName
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
dbName Exception Handling
= fdlg.FileName
Chapter 10End
- Working
If with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter End
11 - Stored
Sub Procedures and Views
TheGetOleDbSchemaTable method of OleDbConnection returns a DataTable object containing
database tables. As you can see from the GetTableBtn_Click handler listed in Listing C-7, we set the
DataSet to the left list box with the DisplayMember property set to TABLE_NAME. We also set
DisplayMember because we show only one column of the DataTable in the list box.
Chapter 19 - C-7:
Listing Mapped Objects:
Getting PerformanceTables
a Database's Considerations and Data
from a SQL Binding
Server Database
Private Sub GetTables_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles GetTables.Click
Appendix B'- Commonly Usedstring
Connection SQL Statements
Appendix CDim
- ADO.NET
strDSNFrequently Asked Questions
As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
Index "Data Source=" + dbName
List of Figures
' Create a connection and open it
List of Tables
List of Listings
Try
List of Sidebars
conn.Open()
' Call GetOleDbSchemaTable to get the schema data table
Dim dt As DataTable = _
conn.GetOleDbSchemaTable(OleDbSchemaGuid.Tables, New Object() _
{Nothing, Nothing, Nothing, "TABLE"})
' Set DataSource and DisplayMember properties
' of the list box control
ListBox1.DataSource = dt.DefaultView
ListBox1.DisplayMember = "TABLE_NAME"

Finally
by Mahesh
' Close the Chand and David Talbot
connection ISBN:1590590732
Apress
conn.Close() 2003 (928 pages)
conn.Dispose()
End Try
ADO.NET.
TableListing
of Contents
C-8 shows the GetSchemaBn_Click event handler that returns the columns and properties of a
database Data-Driven
table. You read Solutions
the database table using SELECT * and use a DataTable to get columns. The
DataColumn class defines the member for a table column properties such as allow null, auto number,
Introduction
unique,
Chapter 1 - column
ADO.NETdata type, column name, and so on.
Basics
Listing
Chapter 3 - C-8: Getting
ADO.NET a DatabaseEnvironments
in Disconnected Table Schema
Private
Chapter Sub GetTableSchema_Click(ByVal
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events sender As System.Object, _
Chapter ByVal e As System.EventArgs)
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET Handles GetTableSchema.Click
Chapter 7 '- Data
Get Binding
the selected item
and Windows text
Forms of list
Data-Bound box
Controls
Chapter 8 Dim selTable
- Constraints and As
DataString
Relations= ListBox1.GetItemText(ListBox1.SelectedItem)
Chapter 9 '- ADO.NET
Connection string
Exception Handling
Dim strDSN As String = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
"Data Source=" + dbName
' Create and open connection
Try
conn.Open()
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in
Dim strSQL AsXml Web Services
String = "SELECT * FROM " + selTable
' Create data adapter and Data Binding
Dim adapter AsWeb Applications
OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(strSQL, conn)
' Create and Mapping in .NETset
fill data
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Dim dtSetObjects:
AsPerformance
DataSet = Considerations and Data Binding
New DataSet()
adapter.Fill(dtSet)
Chapter Dim dt As DataTable = dtSet.Tables(0)
21 - Messaging
' Add items
Appendix A - Relational to the
Databases: Somelist box control
Basic Concepts
ListBox2.Items.Add("Column
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements Name, DataType, Unique," & _
" AutoIncrement,
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions AllowNull")
Index
ListBox2.Items.Add("=====================================")
Dim i As Integer
List of Figures
For i = 0 To dt.Columns.Count - 1
List of Tables
Dim dc As DataColumn
List of Listings
dc = dt.Columns(i)
List of Sidebars
ListBox2.Items.Add(dc.ColumnName.ToString() + _
" , " + dc.DataType.ToString() + _
" ," + dc.Unique.ToString() + " ," + dc.AutoIncrement.ToString() & _
" ," + dc.AllowDBNull.ToString())
Next

Finally
conn.Close()
conn.Dispose()
End Try
End Sub
This to
A: It's not a big deal text provides
select extensive
unique coverage
rows from of ADO.NET
a database table technology
using SELECT DISTINCT, but somehow this
question gets asked a lot. So, it's not a bad idea to talk about procedure.
You can use the SELECT DISTINCT SQL statement to select distinct records from a database. This is
ADO.NET.
useful when you want to return only one record corresponding to a criterion. Listing C-9 returns distinct
records from the Employees table ordered by the last name.
Table of Contents
Listing
Applied C-9: Selecting
ADO.NETBuilding Distinct Rows
Data-Driven from a Database Table
Solutions
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
Private Basics
Sub DistinctRows_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
Chapter ByVal
2 - Data
e Components in Visual Studio .NET
As System.EventArgs) Handles DistinctRows.Click
Connection string Environments
in Disconnected
Chapter 4 Dim strDSN
- ADO.NET As String
in Connected = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;" & _
Environments
Chapter 5 "Data Source=C:\\Northwind.mdb"
Chapter 6 '- Integrating
Create aXML connection and open it
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 Dim conn
- Data As and
Binding OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection(strDSN)
Chapter 8
Try
conn.Open()
' Call GetOleDbSchemaTable to get the schema data table
Dim sql As String = "SELECT DISTINCT(LastName)" & _
"FROM Employees ORDER BY LastName"
Dim adapter As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Chapter 13Dim
- Developing
ds As aDataSet
= New DataSet()
Chapter 14adapter.Fill(ds,
- Developing Database Web"Employees")using ASP.NET
Applications
Chapter 15DataGrid1.DataSource
- Using ADO.NET in Xml Web = Services
Chapter Catch
16 - ASP.NET
exp As Exception Data Binding
Server Controls and
Chapter 17MessageBox.Show(exp.Message.ToString())
Chapter Finally
Chapter 19'- Mapped
Close Objects:
the connection
Chapter 20conn.Close()
Chapter 21conn.Dispose()
- Messaging
Chapter End Try Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
22 - SQL
End ASub
Appendix - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Index
A: There are many cases when you need to read and store data in the Windows Registry. A common case is
List of Figures
storing your program's serial number and activation code in the Windows Registry. The installation package
List of Tables
of your program writes a serial number and activation code to the Windows Registry, and when the user
List of Listings
runs program, it checks whether the code matches and runs the program.
List of Sidebars
The Windows Registry is a central database for application configuration settings and other information
required by the applications. Actually, there's nothing else you can do with the Windows Registry besides
reading its data and writing data to it.
.NET Framework Library provides two classes (Registry and RegistryKey) to work with the Registry.
Note The Registry classes are defined in the Microsoft.Win32 namespace. Before using these
classes, you need to add a reference to this namespace.
Using the Registry Class
TheRegistry class contains members to provides access to Registry keys. Table C-2 described the
Registry class members.
by Registry
Table C-2: The Mahesh Chand andMembers
Class David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
MEMBER DESCRIPTION
CurrentUser Stores
interfaces, and takesinformation aboutlook
a comprehensive useratpreferences
XML
LocalMachine
ADO.NET. Stores configuration information for the local machine
ClassesRoot Stores information about types (and classes) and their properties
Table of Contents
Users Stores information about the default user configuration
PerformanceData
Introduction Stores performance information for software components
CurrentConfig Stores non-user-specific hardware information
DynData
Chapter 3 Stores dynamic
- ADO.NET in Disconnected data
Environments
For example, if you want to access the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE key, you need to call the
Registry.LocalMachine member, which returns a RegistryKey type:
RegistryKey
Chapter pRegKey
8 - Constraints and Data=Relations
Registry.LocalMachine;
Using the RegistryKey Class
The12
Chapter RegistryKey classand
- Oracle, SQLXML, contains
Other members to add, remove, replace, and read Registry data. Table C-3
.NET Data Providers
defines
Chapter 13 - some of its acommon
Developing properties.
Table
Chapter 15 -C-3: The
Using RegistryKey
ADO.NET Class
in Xml Web Properties
Services
Name
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET Name of the key
SubKeyCount Number of children of the key
ValueCount
Chapter 21 - Messaging Count of values in the key
Table
Appendix A C-4 describes
- Relational the RegistryKey
Databases: Some Basic class methods.
Concepts
Table
Appendix C -C-4: The RegistryKey
ADO.NET Class
Frequently Asked Methods
Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
METHOD DESCRIPTION
Close Closes the key
CreateSubKey Creates
This text provides a new
extensive subkey of
coverage if not in existence
ADO.NET or opens it
technology
interfaces, andDeletes
DeleteSubKey takes a a subkey
DeleteSubKeyTree
ADO.NET. Deletes subkey and its children
DeleteValue Deletes the value of a key
Table of Contents
GetSubKeyName Returns an array of strings that contains all the subkey names
GetValue
Introduction Returns the value of a subkey
GetValueName Retrieves an array of strings that contains all the value names associated
Chapter 2 - Data Components inwith
Visual Studio .NET
a key
OpenSubKey
Chapter 4 Opens
- ADO.NET in Connected a subkey
Environments
SetValue Sets the value of a subkey
Chapter 7 - Data
Adding a KeyBinding and Windows
and Value Forms Data-Bound Controls
to Registry
Let's
Chapter 9 see how to add
- ADO.NET data toHandling
Exception the Registry. You use CreateSubKey to add a new key to the Registry and
call the SetValue method to write a value and key. The following code does this:
' Create
Chapter a new
12 - Oracle, keyand
SQLXML, under
Other HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software
.NET Data Providers as MCBInc
Dim13key
Chapter As RegistryKey
- Developing = Provider
a Custom Data Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("Software", True)
' Add
Chapter one moreDatabase
14 - Developing sub key
Dim newkey As RegistryKey = key.CreateSubKey("MCBInc")
' Set value of sub key
newkey.SetValue("MCBInc", "NET Developer")
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Retrieving DataObjects:
from thePerformance
Registry Considerations and Data Binding
Now
Chapter 21let's see how to use these remove the keys and their values from the Registry.
- Messaging
TheGetValue method returns the value of a subkey in the form of Object. The following code reads the
value of the CenteralProcessor\0 subkey and writes it to the console:
' Retrieve data from other part of the registry
Index
' find out your processor
List of Figures
Dim pRegKey As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine
List of Tables
pRegKey =
List of pRegKey.OpenSubKey("HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0")
Listings
List ofDim
Sidebars
val As Object = pRegKey.GetValue("VendorIdentifier")
Console.WriteLine("The central processor of this machine is:" + val)
Deleting Data
You can use the DeleteValue method to delete the value of a subkey. DeleteSubKey deletes the
defined subkey. DeleteSubKey deletes the subkey with its data:
Dim delKey As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("Software", True)

delKey.DeleteValue("MCBInc")
Dim delKey As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("Software", True)
delKey.DeleteSubKey("MCBInc")
Apress
Examining the Final Source
2003 (928 Code
pages)
Listing C-10 shows theADO.NET
including entire source codenamespaces,
internals, for reading and writing
classes, andto and from the Windows Registry.
Listing C-10:namespaces andWriting
Reading and classes,to
and how
and to integrate
from both with
the Windows Registry
ADO.NET.
Public Sub ReadWriteRegistry()

Table of Contents
' Create a new key under HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software as MCBInc
Dim key As RegistryKey
Applied ADO.NETBuilding = _
Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("Software", True)
Introduction
Add oneBasics
more sub key
Chapter 2 Dim newkey
- Data As RegistryKey
Components = key.CreateSubKey("MCBInc")
Set value of sub key
Chapter 4
newkey.SetValue("MCBInc",
"NET Developer")
' Retrieve data from other part of the registry
' find out your processor
Dim pRegKey As RegistryKey = Registry.LocalMachine
Dim keyPath As String = _
"HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System\\CentralProcessor\\0"
Chapter 9 pRegKey
- ADO.NET=Exception Handling
pRegKey.OpenSubKey(keyPath)
Chapter 10Dim
- Working
val As Object =.NET
with the ODBC Data Provider
pRegKey.GetValue("VendorIdentifier")
Chapter 11Console.WriteLine("The
- Stored Procedures and Views Processor of this machine is:" + val)
Chapter 12'- Oracle,
DeleteSQLXML,
the keyand Other
value .NET Data Providers
Chapter 13Dim
- Developing
delKeya AsCustom Data Provider= _
RegistryKey
Chapter 14Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey("Software",
- Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET True)
Chapter 15delKey.DeleteSubKey("MCBInc")
Chapter End Sub
A: Do 20
Chapter you- remember programming
COM Interoperability ODBC before .NET was introduced? The best way to access databases
and ADO.NET
through ODBC was to use ODBC Data Source Names (DSNs). You still use ODBC DSNs to access a
database by using the ODBC data provider. How do you read all available ODBC DSNs? You do this
through the Windows Registry. All ODBC data sources are stored in the Windows Registry under
LocalMachine\ODBC\ODBC.INI\ODBC Data Sources and
CurrentUser\Software\ODBC\ODBC.INI\ODBC Data Sources keys. You use the following code:
Index
Imports Microsoft.Win32
List of Figures
List of Tables
List ofYou
Listings
just saw how to read and write to the Windows Registry in FAQ 15. Listing C-11 shows the code
List ofmodule
Sidebarsthat reads the ODBC system and user DSNs and adds them to a ListBox control.
Listing C-11: Reading ODBC DSNs
Private Sub ReadODBCSNs()

Dim str As String
Dim rootKey As RegistryKey, subKey As RegistryKey
Dim dsnList() As String
rootKey = Registry.LocalMachine
str = "SOFTWARE\\ODBC\\ODBC.INI\\ODBC Data Sources"
subKey = rootKey.OpenSubKey(str)
dsnList = subKey.GetValueNames()
ListBox1.Items.Add("System DSNs")
ListBox1.Items.Add("================")
by Mahesh
Dim dsnName AsChand
Stringand David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
For Each dsnName In dsnList pages)
ListBox1.Items.Add(dsnName)
Next including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
subKey.Close()
rootKey.Close()
ADO.NET.
' Load User DSNs
rootKey = Registry.CurrentUser
Table of Contents
str = "SOFTWARE\\ODBC\\ODBC.INI\\ODBC Data Sources"
subKey = rootKey.OpenSubKey(str)
Introduction
dsnList = subKey.GetValueNames()
Chapter 1 ListBox1.Items.Add("================")
- ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 ListBox1.Items.Add("User
- Data Components in Visual StudioDSNs")
.NET
Chapter 3 ListBox1.Items.Add("================")
Chapter 4 For Each in
- ADO.NET dsnName
ConnectedIn dsnList
Environments
ListBox1.Items.Add(dsnName)
Chapter 6 Next
Chapter 7 subKey.Close()
rootKey.Close()
End Sub
A: Often you may need to save user images in a database and then read back from a database when needed.
For an example, we'll save an author's photo in a database so it can be read later to display in the author's
article.
The16Northwind
Chapter - ASP.NETdatabase's Employees
Server Controls table
and Data has a Photo field that stores images of employees. You can
Binding
use17
Chapter this table forReal-World
- Building testing your
Webcode if you want. For this example, though, we'll create our own database.
Applications
To make it simple, we created a new AppliedAdoNet.mdb Access database and added a Users table to it.
The database table schema looks like Figure C-3. Access stores BLOB objects as OLE Object data types.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
Figure C-3: Users table schema
List of Sidebars
To make the application a little more interactive and user friendly, we created a Windows application, added
aTextBox control, three Button controls, and a PictureBox control. The final form looks like Figure C-
4. As you can pretty much guess from this figure, the Browse Image button allows users to browse for
bitmap files. The Save Image button saves opened file in the database, and the Read Image button reads
the first row of the database table, saves binary data as a bitmap, and displays the image in a PictureBox
control.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Figure C-4: Reading and writing images in a database final form
Chapter 5 -writing
Before Handling ADO.NET
code on the Events
button clicks, define following variables:
Chapter 7 - Data
' User Binding variables
defined and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter Private
curImage AsRelations
Image = Nothing
Chapter Private
curFileName As String = Nothing
Chapter Private
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data
connectionString As Provider
String = _
Chapter 11"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;
- Stored Procedures and Views " & _
Chapter 12"Data Source=C:\\AppliedAdoNet.mdb"
Chapter Private savedImageName
13 - Developing As String _
Chapter 14=- Developing
"C:\\ImageFromDb.BMP"
Also, don't forget to add references to the System.IO and System.Data.OleDb namespaces:
Imports System.IO
Chapter 22 -C-12
Listing SQL shows
Server the
and Browse
ADO.NET: Notesclick
button on Performance
code, which simply browses bitmap files and saves the filename
in theA curFileName
Appendix variable.
Listing
Appendix C - C-12: Browse
ADO.NET Button
Frequently Click
Asked Event Handler
Questions
Index
List ofPrivate
Figures Sub BrowseBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
List ofByVal
Tables e As System.EventArgs) Handles BrowseBtn.Click
Dim openDlg As OpenFileDialog = New OpenFileDialog()
List of Listings
openDlg.Filter = "All Bitmap files|*.bmp"
List of Sidebars
Dim filter As String = openDlg.Filter
openDlg.Title = "Open a Bitmap File"
If (openDlg.ShowDialog() = DialogResult.OK) Then
curFileName = openDlg.FileName
TextBox1.Text = curFileName
End If
End Sub
The Save Image button code shown in Listing C-13 first creates a FileStream object from the bitmap file,
opens a connection with the database, adds a new DataRow, set its values, and saves the row back to
database.
Listing C-13:by Mahesh
Save Chand
Image and David
Button Click Talbot
Event Handler ISBN:1590590732
Private Sub SaveImageBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _
ByVal e interfaces,
As System.EventArgs) Handles
and takes a comprehensive lookSaveImageBtn.Click
at XML
ADO.NET.
If TextBox1.Text Is String.Empty Then
MessageBox.Show("Browse a bitmap")
Return
Table of Contents
End If
' Read a bitmap contents in a stream
Introduction
Dim fs As FileStream = New FileStream(curFileName, _
Chapter FileMode.OpenOrCreate,
1 - ADO.NET Basics FileAccess.Read)
Chapter 2 Dim
- Data ComponentsAs
rawData() in Visual
ByteStudio
= New .NET
Byte(fs.Length) {}
Chapter 3 fs.Read(rawData,
- ADO.NET in Disconnected0, Environments
System.Convert.ToInt32(fs.Length))
Chapter 4 fs.Close()
Chapter 5 '- Handling
Construct ADO.NET
a SQLEvents
string and a connection object
Chapter 6 Dim
- Integrating
sql AsXML with ADO.NET
String = "SELECT * FROM Users"
Chapter 7 Dim conn
- Data As and
Binding OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection()
conn.ConnectionString
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations = connectionString
Open connection
Exception Handling
If conn.State
Chapter 10 - Working with the <>
ODBC ConnectionState.Open
.NET Data Provider Then
conn.Open()
End If
' Create a data adapter and data set
Dim adapter As OleDbDataAdapter = _
New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
Dim cmdBuilder As OleDbCommandBuilder = _
New OleDbCommandBuilder(adapter)
Chapter 17Dim
- Building
ds As Real-World
DataSet Web = Applications
New DataSet("Users")
Chapter 18adapter.MissingSchemaAction
- Object-Relational Mapping in .NET = MissingSchemaAction.AddWithKey
Chapter 20'- COM
FillInteroperability
data adapter and ADO.NET
Chapter 21adapter.Fill(ds,
- Messaging "Users")
Appendix ADim userDes
- Relational As String
Databases: = _ Concepts
Some Basic
"Mahesh Used
Appendix B - Commonly Chand
SQLis a founder of C# Corner "
Statements
Appendix CuserDes
- ADO.NET+= "Author:
Frequently Asked1. A Programmer's Guide to ADO.NET;"
Questions
Index userDes += ", 2. Applied ADO.NET. "
List of Figures
' Create a new row
List of Tables
Dim row As DataRow = ds.Tables("Users").NewRow()
List of Listings
row("UserName") = "Mahesh Chand"
List of Sidebars
row("UserEmail") = "mcb@mindcracker.com"
row("UserDescription") = userDes
row("UserPhoto") = rawData
' Add row to the collection
ds.Tables("Users").Rows.Add(row)
' Save changes to the database
adapter.Update(ds, "Users")
' Clean up connection
If conn Is Nothing Then
conn.Close()
End If
' Dispose connection
conn.Dispose()
End Ifby Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
MessageBox.Show("Image Saved")
ADO.NET.
Once data is saved, the next step is to read data from the database table, save it as a bitmap again, and
view the bitmap on the form. You can directly view an image using the Graphics.DrawImage method or
Tablebyof using
Contents
a PictureBox control. In this case, we'll use a PictureBox.Listing C-14 shows the code for
reading Data-Driven
binary data. As Solutions
you can see, the code simply opens a connection, creates a DataAdapter, fills a
DataSet, and gets the first row of the Users table. Now if you want to read all images, you may want to
Introduction
modify
Chapter 1 -your application
ADO.NET Basics or make a loop through all rows.
Listing
Chapter 3 - C-14: Reading
ADO.NET Binary Data
Private
Chapter Sub UseReaderBtn_Click(ByVal
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events sender As System.Object, _
ByVal
Chapter e As System.EventArgs)
6 - Integrating XML with ADO.NET Handles UseReaderBtn.Click
Chapter 8 '- Constraints
Construct a Data
and SQLRelations
string and a connection object
Chapter Dim sql As String = "SELECT UserPhoto FROM Users"
Chapter
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = New OleDbConnection()
' Open connection
conn.Open()
End If
Chapter 16Dim
- ASP.NET
cmd AsServer Controls and Data
OleDbCommand Binding
= New OleDbCommand(sql, conn)
Chapter 17Dim
fs As FileStream Web Applications
Chapter 18Dim
bw As BinaryWriter
Chapter 19Dim
- Mapped Objects: Performance
bufferSize As Integer Considerations
= 300000and Data Binding
Chapter 20Dim
- COM Interoperability and-ADO.NET
outbyte(300000 1) As Byte
Chapter 21Dim retval As Long
- Messaging
Chapter 22Dim
- SQLstartIndex As Long
Server and ADO.NET: = on
Notes 0 Performance
Appendix ADim pub_id
- Relational As String
Databases: Some=Basic
"" Concepts
Appendix BDim readerUsed
- Commonly As SQL
OleDbDataReader
Statements = _
cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.SequentialAccess)
Index
' Read first record
reader.Read()
List of Figures
fs = New FileStream(savedImageName, _
List of Tables
FileMode.OpenOrCreate, FileAccess.Write)
List of Listings
bw = New BinaryWriter(fs)
List of Sidebars
startIndex = 0
retval = reader.GetBytes(0, 0, outbyte, 0, bufferSize)
bw.Write(outbyte)
bw.Flush()
' Close the output file.
bw.Close()
fs.Close()
reader.Close()
' Display image
curImage = Image.FromFile(savedImageName)
PictureBox1.Image = curImage
PictureBox1.Invalidate()
' Clean up connection
Applied ADO.NET:
If conn.State Building Data-Driven Solutions
by Mahesh
Apress 2003 (928
' Dispose connection pages)
conn.Dispose()
End Ifincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET.
TableOnce
of Contents
a row is read, you get the data stored in the UserPhoto column (Image column) in a stream and save
it as Data-Driven
a bitmap file. Later Solutions
you can view that bitmap file in the PictureBox control by setting its Image
Introduction
property to the filename.
Now,
Chapter 2 you probably
- Data want toinsee
Components thisStudio
Visual program
.NETin action. You can select any image by clicking the Browse
Image -button,
Chapter 3
which lets you browse images. Once you've selected a file, you need to save it by clicking the
Save Image button. To read the image, simply click the Read Image button. This creates a temporary
bitmap file named ImageFromDb.BMP file in c:// folder. You may want to change your path to C:\\. The
final output looks like Figure C-5.
Chapter 22 - SQLC-5:
Figure Server and ADO.NET:
Displaying Notes
a bitmap on reading
after Performance
data from a database
A: The C
Appendix following sections
- ADO.NET discuss
Frequently the Questions
Asked basics of DiffGrams and how a DataSet utilizes the DiffGram format
Indexin this context.
List of Figures
DiffGrams and DataSet
List of Tables
List ofThere
Listings
are occasions when you want to compare the original data with the current data to get the changes
List ofmade to the original data. A common example of this is saving data on Web Forms applications. When
Sidebars
working with Web-based data-driven applications, you read data using a DataSet, make some changes to
the data, and send data back to the database to save the final data. Sending an entire DataSet may be a
costly affair, especially when there are thousands of records in a DataSet. In this scenario, the best
practice is to find out the updated rows of a DataSet and send only those rows back to the database
instead of the entire DataSet. This is where the DiffGrams are useful.
Note Do you remember the GetChanges method of a DataSet? This method returns the rows that
have been modified in the current version in the form of a DataSet. This is how a DataSet
knows the modified rows.
ADiffGram is an XML format used to identify the current and original versions of data elements. Because
theDataSet uses XML to store and transfer data, it also uses DiffGrams to keep track of the original
Applieddata.
data and the current ADO.NET:
When Building
a DataSetData-Driven Solutions
is written as a DiffGram, not only does the DiffGram stores
original and current data, it also stores row versions, error information, and their orders.
DiffGram XML Format
The XML format for a DiffGram
interfaces, and takeshas three parts: data
a comprehensive instance,
look at XML DiffGram before, and DiffGram errors.
namespacestag
The<DataInstance> and classes, and
represents thehow
datatoinstance
integratepart
both
ofwith
a DiffGram, which represents the current
ADO.NET.
data. The DiffGram before is represented by the <diffgr:before> tag, which represents the original
version of the data. The <diffgr:errors> tag represents the DiffGram errors part, which stores the
Tableerrors and related information. The DiffGram itself is represented by the tag <diffgr:diffgram>.
of Contents
Listing C-15 represents
Applied ADO.NETBuilding the XML skeleton
Data-Driven Solutionsof a DiffGram.
Introduction
Listing C-15: ADiffGram Format
<?xml
Chapter version="1.0"?>
<diffgr:diffgram
xmlns:msdata="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-msdata"
xmlns:diffgr="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:xml-diffgram-v1"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<DataInstance>
Chapter 9</DataInstance>
Chapter <diffgr:before>
Chapter </diffgr:before>
Chapter <diffgr:errors>
Chapter </diffgr:errors>
</diffgr:diffgram>
The<diffgr:before> sections only store the changed rows, and the <diffgr:errors> section only
stores the rows that had errors. Each row in a DiffGram is identified with an ID, and these three sections
communicate through this ID. For example, if the ID of a row is Id1, and it has been modified and has
errors, the <diffgr:errors> stores those errors. Besides the previously discussed three sections, a
DiffGram Databases:
uses other Some
elements Basic
(see Concepts
Table C-5).
Appendix
TableC -C-5:
ADO.NET Frequently Elements
The DiffGram Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
ELEMENT Applied
DESCRIPTION
id This is the DiffGram ID, which is usually in the format of
[TableName][RowIdentifier]. For example: <Customers
diffgr:id="Customers1">.
parented interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
This is the parent row of the current row, which is usually in the format of
[TableName][RowIdentifier].
ADO.NET. For example: <Orders
diffgr:parentId="Customers1">.
hasChanges
Table of Contents
This identifies a row in the <DataInstance> block as modified. The
hasChanges element can have one of the three values: inserted,modified,
or descent. The value inserted means an added row, modifiedmeans a
Introduction
modified row, and descent means the children of a parent row have been
modified.
3 - ADO.NET inThis
hasErrors
Chapter identifies Environments
Disconnected a row in the <DataInstance> block with a RowError. The error
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET inelement is placed
Connected in the <diffgr:errors> block.
Environments
error Eventsthe text of the RowError for a particular element in the
This contains
Chapter 6 - Integrating <diffgr:errors>
XML with ADO.NET block.
Chapter 8 -are
There Constraints
two moreand Data Relations
elements a DataSet-generatedDiffGram can have, and these elements are
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
RowOrder Exception
and Hidden. Handling is the row order of the original data and identifies the index of a row in
RowOrder
a particular with the ODBC
DataTable. .NET
Hidden Data Provider
identifies a column as having a ColumnMapping property set to
MappingType.Hidden.
Listing C-16 reads data from the Employees tables and writes in an XML document in DiffGram format.
Listing C-16: ReadingDiffGrams
"Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0; Data Source=c:\\Northwind.mdb"
"SELECT EmployeeID, FirstName, LastName, Title FROM Employees"
Dim conn As OleDbConnection = Nothing
Dim ds As DataSet = Nothing
Chapter 22'- SQL Serverand
Create and open
connection
Appendix Aconn- Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
= New OleDbConnection(connectionString)
Appendix BIf - Commonly
conn.State Used SQL
<> Statements
ConnectionState.Open Then
conn.Open()Frequently Asked Questions
Index End If
List of Figures
Dim adapter As OleDbDataAdapter = New OleDbDataAdapter(sql, conn)
List of Tables
List of Listings
ds = New DataSet("TempDtSet")
List of Sidebars
adapter.Fill(ds, "DtSet")
' Write XML in DiffGram format
ds.WriteXml("DiffGramFile.xml", XmlWriteMode.DiffGram)
' Close connection
conn.Close()
End If
MessageBox.Show("Done")
The output of Listing C-16 looks like Figure C-6.

ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Chapter 4Figure
C-6: DiffGram Environments
format
Now
Chapter 6 if -you update data,
Integrating you'llADO.NET
XML with see new additions to the XML file with <diffgr:before> and
7 - Data Bindingtags;
<DataInstance>
Chapter if any errors
and Windows occur
Forms during the
Data-Bound update, the entries will go to the
Controls
<diffgr:errors>
Chapter section.
You can use the ReadXml method to read XML documents in DiffGram format. The first parameter of
ReadXml is the XML document name, and the second parameter should be XmlReadMode.DiffGram:
' Create a DataSet Object
' Fill with the data
ds.ReadXml("DiffGramFile.xml", XmlReadMode.DiffGram)
Using
Chapter 18 -the GetChanges Method
TheGetChanges method of DataSet can retrieve the rows that have been modified since the last time
DataSet was filled, saved, or updated. The GetChanges method returns a DataSet's objects with
modified rows.
TheGetChanges method can Some
takeBasic
eitherConcepts
no argument or one argument of type DataRowState. The
Appendix B - Commonlyenumeration
DataRowState Used SQL Statements
defines the DataRow state, which can be used to filter a DataSet based on
the types
Appendix of rows.Frequently
C - ADO.NET Table C-6Asked
describes the DataRowState members.
Questions
Index
List ofTable C-6: The DataRowState Members
Figures
List of Tables
MEMBER DESCRIPTION
List of Listings
List of Added
Sidebars Add added rows to a DataRowCollection of a DataSet and AcceptChanges
has not been called.
Deleted All the deleted rows.
Detached Rows were created but not added to the row collection. Either waiting for the
addition to or removal from the collection.
Modified Modified rows and AcceptChanges has not been called.
Unchanged Unchanged rows since last AcceptChanges was called.
Listing C-17 copies only modified rows of ds to a new DataSet called tmpDtSet.
Listing C-17: Reading Only Modified Rows of a DataSet
' See if DataSet has
Apress 2003 (928changes
pages)
or not
If Not ds.HasChanges(DataRowState.Modified) Then Exit Sub
Dim tmpDtSet As DataSet
' GetChanges
interfaces, for modified
and takes rows only.
namespaces
tmpDtSet and classes, and how to integrate both with
= ds.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified)
ADO.NET.
If tmpDtSet.HasErrors Then
MessageBox.Show("DataSet has errors")
Exit Sub
Table of Contents
End If
adapter.Update(tmpDtSet)
Introduction
Chapter
Now 3 you
- ADO.NET
can use in Disconnected
the new DataSetEnvironments
to bind it to data-bound controls or send back to the database to store
Chapter 4 -
results. ADO.NET in Connected Environments
A: Besides
Chapter the defaultXML
6 - Integrating with ADO.NET method of SqlCommand or other data provider command objects, an
ExecuteReader
overloaded
Chapter 7 - Dataform of ExecuteReader
Binding takes
and Windows Forms an argument
Data-Bound of type CommandBehavior enumeration. The
Controls
CommandBehavior
Chapter enumeration
8 - Constraints and provides a description of the results of the query and its effect on the
Data Relations
database.
Chapter We've used
9 - ADO.NET the SchemaOnly
Exception Handling and SequentialAccess members of CommandBehavior
members
Chapter in the samples
10 - Working discussed
with the ODBC .NET in FAQ
Data 2. However, the CommandBehavor enumeration has few more
Provider
members
Chapter (see Procedures
11 - Stored Table C-7).and Views
Table C-7: The CommandBehavior Enumeration
Chapter 14 - Developing DatabaseDESCRIPTION
MEMBER Web Applications using ASP.NET
CloseConnection TheConnection object associated with the DataReader is closed
when the DataReader is closed.
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping
Default Defaultinoption.
.NET No effects. Hence, calling ExecuteReader with
Chapter 19 - Mapped Objects: Performance returns
Considerations and Data
CommandBehavior.Default the same result as calling
Binding
Chapter 20 - COM InteroperabilityExecuteReader
and ADO.NET with no parameters.
KeyInfo Returns column and primary key information. You should use this option
when you need to read the information about a table's columns and
primary key.
C - ADO.NET FrequentlyReturns
SchemaOnly
Appendix column information only. Useful when you want to know a table
Asked Questions
Index schema. We used this option in FAQ 2 to read a database table schema.
List of SequentialAccess
Figures Used to read rows that contain columns with large binary values. The
List of Tables SequentialAccess option allows the DataReader to read data in a
List of Listings stream. We use this option in Listing C-14, where we read binary data.
List of Sidebars
SingleResult Returns a single result set.
SingleRow Returns a single row.
A: Unlike an ADO recordset, the DataReader doesn't provide any property or method that returns the total
number of records fetched through a SELECT statement. There are two common ways to find out the total
number of records fetched by a DataReader. First, you can use a SELECT COUNT * statement, which
was discussed in FAQ 12. Second, you can loop through all the records and store the value in an increment
counter. This method is not recommended when there are thousands of records.
Applied
A: Unlike an ADO ADO.NET:
recordset, Building Data-Driven
the DataReader Solutions
doesn't support EOF either. If there aren't any records left in a
DataReader, bythe
Mahesh
ReadChand
method and
ofDavid Talbot
the DataReader returns
ISBN:1590590732
false.
A: ADataReader Thisdoesn't provideextensive
text provides any property or method
coverage to sorttechnology
of ADO.NET the records. The easiest way to sort
records ADO.NET
DataReaderincluding is using the
internals, BY clause with
ORDERnamespaces, the SELECT
classes, and statement. The ORDER BY clause
interfaces,
followed by ASC or DESCand takes
sorts a comprehensive
in ascending look at XML
or descending order, respectively. For example, if you want to
sort records based
ADO.NET.
on the Name column in descending order, you use the following SQL statement:
SELECT * FROM Table ORDER BY NAME DESC

Table of Contents
Introduction
A: The following Uniform Resource Locator (URL) lists the connection string for different data providers:
www.able-consulting.com/ado_conn.htm.
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Apress some
2003 (928 of the ADO.NET frequently asked questions. There could be a never-
pages)
ending list of FAQs related to ADO.NET.
This text provides extensive We've tried to
coverage of cover almost
ADO.NET every aspect of ADO.NET
technology
programming, butincluding
if you don't find the answer to your question
ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, andin this book, you can go to the FAQ section
of C# Corner (www.c-sharpcorner.com) where there lookare
at XML
hundreds of FAQs.
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Index Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Numbers This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
1NF (First Normal Form), 780782
2NF (Second Normal Form), and
namespaces classes, and how to integrate both with
782784
ADO.NET.
3NF (Third Normal Form), 784785
4NF (Fourth Normal Form), 785
Table of Contents
5NF (Fifth Normal Form), 786
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
A This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
aborted transactions, 747
AcceptChanges and RejectChanges and how
Methods of atoDataSet
integrate both listing),
(code with 191-192
ADO.NET.
AcceptChanges method, 127,191-192,231
Access, Microsoft
Tableaccessing
of Contents
databases, 378-380
exporting table to text Data-Driven
file, 383-385Solutions
Introduction
Active Data Objects .NET (ADO.NET). SeeADO.NET
ActiveX Data Objects Multi-Dimensional Library (ADOMD), 718
Add Button
Chapter Click Event
3 - ADO.NET Handler (code
in Disconnected listing), 505
Environments
Chapter
Add Web4 Reference
feature, 525 Environments
AddCat1Stored Procedure (code listing), 404
AddHandler statement, 209
adding 8data
Chapter (ASP.NET),
- Constraints 505
and Data Relations
Chapter
AddNew 9 method
- ADO.NET Exception130
(DataView), Handling
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data
AddRowBtn_Click Method (code listing), Provider
109-110
administration queues (user), 726
ADO (ActiveX
Chapter Data Objects)
comparing
Chapter with ADO.NET,
14 - Developing 11-13
connections and disconnected data, 11-12
RecordSets vs. DataSets, 12
XML support, 12-13
overview of, 6
recordset and ADO.NET, 712-716
ADO Examples and Best Practices for Programmers ,760
ADODB
Chapter 21Namespace
- Messagingto Access a Database (code listing), 715-716
Chapter
ADO.NET22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
ADO.NET Databases:
Application Some Basic
(code listing), 27 Concepts
ADO.NET
Appendix (Apress),Used
B - Commonly 760 SQL Statements
ADOX,
Appendix C -using with,Frequently
ADO.NET 716-718 Asked Questions
Indexarchitecture,75-76
COM
List of interoperability and. SeeCOM interoperability
Figures
creating
List of Tables a project, 33
exception
List of Listings handling in. Seeexception handling in ADO.NET
Frequently Asked Questions. SeeFrequently Asked Questions, ADO.NET
List of Sidebars
object-relational (OR) mapping in. Seeobject-relational (OR) mapping in .NET
overview of, 6-7
SQL Server performance and. SeeSQL Server and ADO.NET
using in XML Web services. SeeXML Web services
Web application, creating, 478-480
XML, using with, 262-272
displaying XML data in DataSet format, 270
reading XML using DataSet, 262-264
saving data from DataSet to XML, 271-272
writing XML using DataSet, 264-267
XmlDataDocument and DataSet objects, 272
XmlDataDocument and XML, 267-269
ADO.NET basics, 1-31
advantages of, 9-11
managed code, 10
performance and scalability, 11
This text provides
single object-oriented extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
API, 9-10
visual datainterfaces,
components, 11
XML support, 10
code listings ADO.NET.
ADO.NET Application, 27
Viewing Data From SQL Server Database, 30-31
Table of Contents
comparing with ADO, 11-13
connections and disconnected data, 11-12
Introduction
RecordSets vs. DataSets, 12
Chapter XML
1 - ADO.NET Basics
support, 12-13
Chapter 2 - Data of,
components Components
15-22 in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter Command
object, 17-18 Environments
Chapter CommandBuilder, 19
Chapter Connection
5 - Handling object,
ADO.NET16-17
Events
Chapter data
6 - providers,
Integrating15-16
XML with ADO.NET
Chapter DataAdapter object,
7 - Data Binding and19-20
DataSet structure, 20-21
Chapter DataSets
9 - ADO.NETin DataViews,
Exception 21-22
Handling
creating simple ADO.NET application, 26-28
DataSet to read data, 28-31
Microsoft Data Access Technologies, overview
ADO,6
ADO.NET,6-7
DAO,4-5
Chapter MFC,
15 - Using
5 ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter ODBC,
16 - ASP.NET
2-4 Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter OLE
17 - DB,
Building
5-6 Real-World Web Applications
Chapter RDO,
5 Mapping in .NET
Chapter 19 - Mapped
namespaces andObjects:
classesPerformance Considerations and Data Binding
overview, 13-14
overview,
Chapter 6-8 Interoperability and ADO.NET
20 - COM
reasons
Chapter for design of, 8-9
21 - Messaging
writing
Chapter 22 -ADO.NET
SQL Server applications,
and ADO.NET:22-26
Appendixchoosing .NET Databases:
A - Relational providers, 22-23
Some Basic Concepts
AppendixCommand
B - Commonlyor DataAdapter objects, creating, 25
Used SQL Statements
connections, closing, 26
Index
connections, establishing, 24-25
displaying data, 25-26
List of Figures
Filling data to DataSet or DataReader object, 25
List of Tables
namespace references, adding, 23-24
List of Listings
ADO.NET
List events, handling, 209-232
of Sidebars
code listings
ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged Event Handlers, Writing, 222-223
Connection Events, Writing Code That Executes, 214-215
DataAdapter FillError Event Handler Code, 217
DataAdapter's Fill and Update Methods, Calling, 219-220
DataView Event Handler Caller, 230-231
DataView OnListChanged Event Handler, 230
InfoMessage and StateChange events, Writing Event Handlers for, 213
MergeFailed Event Handler, Calling, 220-221
NodeChanged Event Handler, 228
NodeInserted Event Handler, 229
NodeRemoved Event Handler, 229
RowChanging and RowChanged Event Handlers, Writing, 224
RowDeleting and RowDeleted Event Handlers, Writing, 225-226
RowUpdatedby Mahesh Chand and
Event Handler, 218 David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
RowUpdating Event Handler, 218-219
This text
SqlDataAdapter provides
Event extensive
Handler coverage
Bodies, 217 of ADO.NET technology
XmlDataDocument Event Handling Example, 227-228
Connection events, 211-215
DataAdapter events,
ADO.NET. 215-220
DataSet events, 220-221
DataTable events, 221-226
TableDataView
of Contents
and DataViewManager events, 229-231
fundamentals, 209-211Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
XmlDataDocument events, 226-229
ADO.NET in connected environments, 135-208
code listings
Chapter AcceptChanges
3 - ADO.NET in and Disconnected Environments
RejectChanges methods of a DataSet, Using, 191-192
Chapter Calling
a DataAdapter's Fill Method, 171
Chapter Connecting
5 - Handling to ADO.NET
SQL Server Events
and Reading SqlConnection Properties, 144-145
Chapter Connecting
6 - Integrating
to SQL ServerADO.NET
XML with Using OleDb Data Provider, 144
Chapter Creating
7 - DataTwoBinding and Windows
Connections withForms Data-Bound
Different Controls
Strings, 147-148
8 - Constraints Update Method,
and Data Calling, 178
Relations
9 - ADO.NET Exception Using, 180-181
Handling
Chapter DataReader
10 - WorkingReads From
with the ODBC SQL Server
.NET Database, 162-164
Data Provider
Chapter DataSet Rows,
11 - Stored Adding,and
Procedures Editing,
ViewsDeleting, 190-191
Chapter DataTableMapping
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, toand
MapOther
Northwind Orders
.NET Data Table, 179
Providers
DataTableMapping with Table Option,
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider Using, 179-180
DeleteCommand Property of DataAdapter, Setting,
176
Displaying Customers Table's Data in DataGrid Using SqlDataAdapter, 174-175
Displaying Orders Table Data in DataGrid Using OleDbAdapter, 173-174
ExecuteScalar Method to Retrieve Single Value, 160
Executing Batches Using DataReader, 164-165
Executing Multiple SQL Queries Using SqlTransaction, 207-208
Chapter Fill
19 method
- MappedofObjects: Performance
a DataAdapter, Considerations
Calling, 177 and Data Binding
Chapter Filling
Data From Multiple Tables, 188-189
Chapter FillSchema
21 - Messaging
method of SqlDataAdapter, Using, 172
Chapter INSERT
22 - SQLSQL
Server and ADO.NET:
Statement, AddingNotes on Performance
Records to Table Using, 159
AppendixMerging
A - Relational
Two DataSet Objects, 189 Concepts
Databases: Some Basic
AppendixOleDb Database,
B - Commonly Connecting
Used to, 143
SQL Statements
AppendixOleDbCommand, Using to
C - ADO.NET Frequently Access
Asked an Access Database, 154
Questions
Index Optimistic Concurrency, 202-203
Parameter, Creating a, 185-186
List of Figures
Pessimistic Concurrency, 204
List of Tables
Private Members, 196-197
List of Listings
ReleaseObjectPool, Calling, 149
List of Sidebars
Removing a Row and Calling Update Method of DataAdapter, 177
Savepoints in Sql Data Provider, Using, 205-206
Saving Only Modified Rows of DataSet, 193
SELECT Statement, Executing Using OleDbDataAdapter, 167-168
SqlCommand Properties, Setting and Getting, 151
SqlCommand to Read Data from Database, 153
SqlCommandBuilder Class, Creating and Using, 183-184
SqlConnection objects, creating, 139-140
SqlDataAdapter Instances, Creating, 167
SqlDataAdapter Properties, Using, 169
SqlParameter, Creating, 177
Stored Procedure, Calling Using SqlCommand, 155
Stored Procedure, Executing and Reading Results of, 156-157
Stored Procedure Results Output, Adding Subtotal Listing to, 157
by Mahesh
Stored Procedure Chand
(Sales byand David
Year) Talbot
in Northwind ISBN:1590590732
Database, 156
Apress 2003 (928
TableDirect to Read Table, 158 pages)
Command objects This text

andprovides
executing extensive coverage of150-160
SQL statements, ADO.NET technology
calling stored procedures, 155-157
Commandnamespaces
methods, additional,
and classes, 160
CommandADO.NET.
properties, 150-151
CommandType enumeration, 154-155
creating Command objects, 151-153
Table of executing
Contents Commands, 158-160
OleDbCommand, creatingData-Driven andSolutions
using, 153-154
Introduction
TableDirect,157-158
CommandBuilder object
Chapter creating,
182
Chapter SqlCommandBuilder members,
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected 182
Environments
Chapter SqlCommandBuilder,
4 - ADO.NET in Connected using,Environments
182-184
connecting
Chapter to dataADO.NET
5 - Handling sources,Events
139-150
Chapter connection pooling,
6 - Integrating XML145-149
with ADO.NET
Chapter Connection properties
7 - Data Binding and methods,
and Windows Forms 140-141
Data-Bound Controls
CreateCommand and ChangeDatabase
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations methods, 149-150
creating connections, 139-140
opening and closing connections, 142-145
DataAdapter,166-181
adding DataTable to DataSet, 172
constructing DataAdapter objects, 166-168
DataAdapter example, 172-175
Chapter Filling
14 - Developing
DataAdapterDatabase Web Applications
from RecordSet, using ASP.NET
175-176
Chapter Filling
15 - Using ADO.NET
DataSets, 170-171in Xml Web Services
Chapter methods,
16 - ASP.NET
170 Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter properties,
168-169
Chapter table
and column mapping, Mapping in .NET
178-181
Chapter updating database
19 - Mapped using
Objects: Update method,
Performance 176-178
DataReader,
Chapter 20 - COM 160-166
Chapter basics, 160-161
21 - Messaging
Chapter Command Behaviors,
22 - SQL Server 165-166Notes on Performance
and ADO.NET:
Appendixinitializing, 161 Databases: Some Basic Concepts
A - Relational
Appendixinterpreting
B - Commonlybatches
Usedof SQLqueries, 164-165
Statements
properties and methods, 161-162
reading with, 162-164
Index
DataSet in connected environments, 188-194
List of Figures
accepting/rejecting changes through DataSet, 191-192
List of Tables
adding, updating, deleting through DataSet, 190-191
List of Listings
DataSet vs. DataReader, 193
List of Sidebars
fetching data based on wildcard characters, 194
Filling DataSet from multiple tables, 188-189
saving only changed data, 192-193
SQL statement, reading from two or more tables with, 190
DataView in connected environments, 194-208
batches, executing, 206-208
multiple views, creating, 195-197
Rollback, Commit, and Savepoints, 204-206
transactions and concurrency, 198-200
using concurrency, 201-204
using transactions, 200-201
generic data provider model, 135-136
namespaces, importing, 137
parameters, construction of, 184-187
by Mahesh
System.SqlClient Chand 137-139
namespace, and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ADO.NET in disconnected environments, 73-133
architecture,75-76
basics,73-74 interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
class hierarchy,namespaces
76-80 and classes, and how to integrate both with
AddRowBtn_Click Method, 109-110
Class-Level DataTable and DataSet Variables, 107
Table of Contents
ColumnMapping Property of DataColumn, Using, 92
Columns, Creating Using Different DataColumn Constructors, 88-89
Introduction
Contains, Find, and Remove Method of DataRowCollection, Using, 116
CreateCustomersTable Method, 107-109
Custom Properties, Adding and Removing, 93
Chapter Customer/Orders
RelationshipEnvironments
Example, 102-105
Chapter Data
Column, Setting as Primary Key, 90
Chapter DataColumn,
5 - Handling Creating
ADO.NET andEvents
Setting Properties, 89-90
Chapter DataRelation,
6 - Integrating XML with
Creating ADO.NET
Customer/Order Relationship Using, 100
Chapter DataRow's
7 - Data Binding
RejectChanges andForms
and Windows DeleteData-Bound Controls98
Methods, Calling,
Chapter DataTable Objects,
8 - Constraints andAdding to a DataSet, 124-125
Data Relations
Chapter DataTable,
9 - ADO.NET Saving in XML
Exception Documents, 114
Handling
Chapter DataView Objects,
10 - Working Creating
with the from Data
ODBC .NET a DataTable,
Provider 129
Chapter DeleteRowsBtn_ClickMethod,
11 - Stored Procedures and Views 110-112
Chapter Form's Constructor
12 - Oracle, SQLXML,Calling CreateCustomersTable,
and Other .NET Data Providers CreateOrdersTable, and BindData, 102
ID and Name Data Columns of
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider Customers Table, Creating, 90
InsertAt and RemoveAt Methods, Using, 116
Merging DataRow and DataTable Objects, 127
Merging Two DataSets, 126-127
Ordinal and MaxLength properties, Using, 94
Removing Column From a Collection, 117
Rows, Adding to DataTable Using DataRow, 96-98
Chapter Rows,
19 - Mapped
EditingObjects: Performance
Using BeginEdit, Considerations
CancelEdit, and Data
and EndEdit Binding 119
methods,
Chapter Rows,
Finding in DataView Using Find Method, 131
Chapter Rows
21 - Messaging
of DataView, Adding, Updating, and Deleting, 130
Chapter RowState
22 - SQL Server andCalling,
property, ADO.NET: 99 Notes on Performance
AppendixSearchButtonClick
A - Relational Databases: Some
Method, 112-113 Basic Concepts
AppendixSelect Method, Sorting
B - Commonly Used SQLData Using, 113-114
Statements
AppendixSetting and Reading
C - ADO.NET Custom
Frequently Asked Properties
Questionsof a DataSet, 123-124
Index Setting Values of ID, Address, and Name Columns of DataRow, 95
State of a Row, Determining, 118
List of Figures
Table, Creating Using DataTable and DataColumn, 91-92
List of Tables
data providers, choosing, 80
List of Listings
DataSet
List of Sidebars
objects. SeeDataSet objects
DataTables,83-119
CreateCustomersTable Method, 107-109
DataColumnCollection class, 116-117
DataColumns.SeeDataColumns
DataRelations,99-100
DataRow states and versions, 117-119
DataRowCollection class, 115-116
DataRows,94-99
DeleteRowsBtn_ClickMethod, 110-112
fundamentals,83-85
Saving DataTable in XML Documents, 114
by Mahesh
SearchButtonClick Chand and
Method, David Talbot
112-113 ISBN:1590590732
Select Method, Sorting Data Using, 113-114
This text
DataView objects, provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
128-131
DataViewManager,132
disconnected namespaces
classes, 81-83and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
ADOX From Managed Code, Using (code listing), 717-718
ADOX, using with ADO.NET, 716-718
Table of Contents
aliases and joins, 806-807
AllowNavigation in Action (code listing), 319
Introduction
AllowPaging,
Chapter PageSize,
1 - ADO.NET and AllowSorting Properties (code listing), 501
Basics
ALTER2TABLE
Chapter - DataSQL Statement,
Components 353 Studio .NET
in Visual
Chapter 3 - rows,
alternating ADO.NET in Disconnected
multiple Environments
columns, and grid lines, 568-569
AlternatingItemTemplate code, 575
Appending- in
Chapter 6
an XML Document Fragment (code listing), 254
Apple Data
Chapter Access
7 - Data Language
Binding (DAL), Forms
and Windows 4 Data-Bound Controls
applications
Chapter 9 - Web.
building ADO.NET
SeeException Handling building
Web applications,
writing
Chapter 10 -ADO.NET, 22-26
Chapter choosing .NET
11 - Stored providers,
Procedures and22-23
Views
Chapter Command
12 - Oracle,orSQLXML,
DataAdapter objects,
and Other .NETcreating, 25
Data Providers
Chapter connections, closing,
13 - Developing 26 Data Provider
a Custom
Chapter connections, establishing,
14 - Developing 24-25
Chapter displaying
15 - Usingdata, 25-26
Filling data to DataSet or DataReader object, 25
namespace references, adding, 23-24
architecture,
Chapter ADO.NET, 75-76
Chapter
ASP.NET19 -for
Mapped Objects:
database Web Performance
applications,Considerations
465-516 and Data Binding
ADO.NET
Chapter Web
20 - COM application, creating,
Interoperability 478-480
and ADO.NET
ASP.NET
Chapter application development, 468-478
21 - Messaging
Chapter Button Click
22 - SQL event
Server handler,
and writing
ADO.NET: Notescode on, 477-478
on Performance
Appendixcontrol properties,
A - Relational setting, Some
Databases: 474-475
Basic Concepts
Appendixcreating new application,
B - Commonly Used SQL 469-472
Statements
AppendixDocument Outline
C - ADO.NET viewer,Asked
Frequently 475-476
Questions
Index
Web controls, adding to Web Form, 472-473
code listings
List of Figures
Add Button Click Event Handler, 505
List of Tables
AllowPaging, PageSize, and AllowSorting Properties, 501
List of Listings
DataGrid's PageStyle Modes, Setting, 501
List of Sidebars
Deleting Data on Delete Button Click, 507
ExecuteSQL Method, 504
FillDataGrid Method, 503
Filling Data from Database to Data-Bound Controls, 478-480
Filling DatSet from DataAdapter, 498-499
First ASP.NET Application, 486-487
Guest Data, Adding to Database, 510
HTML View of asp:DataGrid, 501
My Home Page and View Guest Book Buttons, 514
PageIndexChanged Handler of DataGrid Control, 500
Page_Load Event Handler Code of ViewGuestBook.aspx, 512-513
Setting Image as DataGrid Control's Next and Previous Page Text, 501
Updating Data on Update Button Click, 506
ViewGuestBook.aspx, opening, 511
data binding inbyASP.NET,
Mahesh Chand 487-507and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
adding data, 505 2003 (928 pages)
data-bound This text provides

server-side extensive
controls, coverage of ADO.NET technology
488-489
DataGrid and DataList controls. SeeDataGrid and DataList controls in ASP.NET
deleting data, 507
updating data, 506
ADO.NET.
Web Forms, adding, editing, deleting in, 502-504
guest book, creating, 507-515
Table of basics,
Contents
507-508
compiling and running,Data-Driven
514-515 Solutions
Introduction
default Web Form: MyGuestBook.aspx, 508-511
Chapter Web
1 - ADO.NET Basics 511-514
Forms, adding,
Chapter 2 - Data
overview Components
of ASP.NET, in Visual Studio .NET
465-468
server-side
Chapter controls,
3 - ADO.NET 480-487
Chapter HTML server controls,
4 - ADO.NET 481 Environments
in Connected
Chapter .NET Framework
5 - Handling Library
ADO.NET and, 483-485
Events
Chapter user
6 - controls,
Integrating483XML with ADO.NET
Chapter validation
7 - Data controls,
Binding and482-483
Web Forms, adding
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data to, 485-487
Relations
Web Forms controls, 485
Web server controls, 481-482
ASP.NET
Chapter 11 -server
Storedcontrols and and
Procedures dataViews
binding, 537-608
code
Chapter 12listings
Chapter Button Click Handlers,
13 - Developing Writing,
a Custom 541
Data Provider
ButtonColumn Click Event Handler, 592
Calendar Control, Getting Selected Date of, 542
Calendar Control's Properties, setting, 544
Data Binding in a DataGrid Control, 583-584
DataGrid Column's Sequence, Rearranging, 588
DataGrid Control, Sorting in, 606-607
Chapter DataGrid
19 - Mapped Objects:
Control's Performance
Style Considerations
Properties, and Data Binding
Setting, 585-586
Chapter DataGrid
20 - COM with
Button Columns, 593-594
Chapter DataList
21 - Messaging
Control, Data Binding in, 564-566
Chapter DataList
22 - SQLControl's
Server and ADO.NET:Setting,
Properties, Notes on Performance
568-569
AppendixDataList
Control's Styles, Setting, 570-571
AppendixDropDownList
B - CommonlyControl, Data
Used SQL Binding in, 559-560
Statements
AppendixEditable DataGrid,
C - ADO.NET 601-604
Index Editable DataList Control, 578-581
Formatting BoundColumn's Header and Footers, 588-589
List of Figures
ListBox Control, Data Binding in, 557-558
List of Tables
Repeater Control, Using, 554-555
List of Listings
Simple Template, Applying on a Repeater Control, 546-547
List of Sidebars
Template Columns in a DataGrid Control, 596-598
Template Columns, Using, 595-596
Templates, Adding to a DataList Control, 549
Templates of a DataList Control, Adding Formatting to, 550-551
TextBox, Button, and Image Controls, Data Binding in, 561-562
Update, Delete, Cancel, and Edit Command Handlers, Adding, 572
Update, Delete, Cancel, and Edit Command Handlers Code, 573
VisibleMonthChanged Event, 545
complex Web Forms controls, data binding in, 562-607
BaseDataList class, 562-563
DataGrid Web server control. SeeDataGrid Web server control
DataKeyCollection class, 563
DataList Web server control. SeeDataList Web server control
data binding inApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Web Forms, 537-539
by Mahesh
simple Web Forms controls, Chand andbinding
data David Talbot
in, 540-562 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
ASP.NET templates, 547-548 (928 pages)
This text
Button control, provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
540-541
Calendar control, 542-545
DropDownList control, and
namespaces 558-560
ListBox control, 556-558
ADO.NET.
ListControl class, 555-556
Repeater control, 552-555
Table of templates,
Contents Web server control. Seetemplates, Web server control templates
TextBox, Button and Data-Driven Solutions
Image controls, 560-562
Introduction
ASP.NET server-side controls, 480-487
adding to Web Forms, 485-487
HTML server controls, 481 .NET Framework Library and, 483-485
Chapter
user3 controls,
- ADO.NET
483in Disconnected Environments
Chapter
validation controls,in482-483
4 - ADO.NET Connected Environments
Chapter
Web Forms controls, 485 Events
Chapter
Web6 server
- Integrating XML
controls, with ADO.NET
481-482
Chapter 7
ASP.NET -syntax,
486
assemblies, defined, 709
atomic 10
Chapter values, 780 with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
- Working
Chapter 11 -defined,
attributes, Stored Procedures
779 and Views
Auto Format optionSQLXML, and 492-493,
(DataGrid), Other .NET
552Data Providers
AutoGenerateColumns property, 586-587
AutoIncrement
Chapter columns,
15 - Using ADO.NETcreating, 822Services
in Xml Web
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
B This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
b-trees indexing method (SQL Server), 756
Base Class Library (BCL), 76and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
ADO.NET.
base data providers, 37
BaseDataList class (Web Forms), 562-563
Table of Contents
batches
executing, 206-208
Introduction
Executing Using DataReader (code listing), 164-165
of queries, interpreting, 164-165
behavior of data, controlling with, 637
BFILEs4(Binary
Chapter Files),in425
bidirectional ADO.NET
data binding, Events
537-538
Binary Data, XML with
Reading (code ADO.NET
listing), 837-838
BindData method, 105
Binding9class,
Chapter 288-292
Binding
Chapter 10 - Multiple
Working Controls Using .NET
with the ODBC Binding
Data(code listing), 289
Provider
Binding TextBox Using Binding (code listing), 288-289
BindingsCollection class, 289-290
constructing Binding object, 288-289
setting Binding class members, 290-292
BindingContext,
Chapter 296
BindingManagerBase
Chapter functionality,
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls293-296
and Data Binding
Chapter
BindList17controls,
305
bitmaps, reading and writing, 833-838
BLOB data, reading and writing, 833-838
BlockedTree
Chapter table, 692
21 - Messaging
Chapter
Borders22property
- SQL Server
page,and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
497-498
bound objects
accessing Used
properties of, SQL Statements
678-680
Appendix
usingClogic
with, 680-685
Index
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), 780,785
List of Figures
Browse
List Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 835
of Tables
Building
List Distributed Applications with Microsoft .NET ,776
of Listings
List of SidebarsEvent Handler for Calling Order Retrieval Web Service (code listing), 528-529
Button-Click
Button Click event handler, writing code on, 477-478
Button Click Event Handlers (code listing), 614-615
Button Click Handlers, Writing (code listing), 541
Button Columns, using with DataGrid control, 591-594
Button Control (Web Forms), 540-541
Button, TextBox, and Image Controls, Data Binding in (code listing), 561-562
ButtonColumn Click Event Handler (code listing), 592
C This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
C++ exception handling, 359
namespaces and classes,706-708
caching mechanism, near-zero-impact, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Calendar Control (Web Forms)
Getting Selected Date of (code listing), 542
TableProperties,
of ContentsSetting (code listing), 544
using,
Applied 542-545
Introduction
Calling a DataAdapter's Fill Method (code listing), 171
Calling DataForm1 from Button Click (code listing), 65
Calling DataForm2 from Button Click (code listing), 66
Calling4DataRow's
Chapter RejectChanges
- ADO.NET and Delete Methods (code listing), 98
Chapter
Calling5RowState
- Handling ADO.NET
property Events
(code listing), 99
Cancel All Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 71
Cancel method (SqlCommand), 160
CancelCommand
Chapter event
9 - ADO.NET handler,
Exception 576
Handling
candidate
Chapter 10 -keys, 785 with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Working
Chapter
caption11 - Stored Procedures and Views
properties
DataGrid's SQLXML,
Caption and Other
Properties .NET
(code Data321
listing), Providers
Chapter 13 -320-321
setting, Developing a Custom Data Provider
CaseSensitive property, 122
ChangeDatabase method, 149-150
CHECK17constraints,
Chapter defined, 346
Chapter
Check 18 - Object-Relational
In/Check Out componentMapping in .NET
(Video Store Application), 663-665
Chapter 19 - Mapped
child table, 99 Objects: Performance Considerations and Data Binding
ChildNodes property, 252
ChildRelations
Chapter 22 - SQLproperty (DataTable),
Server and 99-101
class hierarchy,
Appendix ADO.NET,
A - Relational 76-80Some Basic Concepts
Databases:
Class-Level DataTableUsed
and SQL Statements
DataSet Variables (code listing), 107
Class Wizard, 520
Index
classes
List and namespaces overview, 13-14
of Figures
Clear
List method, 125
of Tables
List of Listings
clearing DataSets, 125
List of Sidebars
Client Event Handler for Executing Web Service (code listing), 533
cloning DataSets, 125
Close method (XMLWriter), 250
closing document (XML), 245-246
clustered indexes, 756-757
Code-Behind File of TestDataGrid Program (code listing), 676-677
Code-Behind Object of FancyBinding Page (code listing), 682-684
Code-Behind Object of LazyLoading Page (code listing), 697-700
code listings (by chapter)
ADO.NET basics
ADO.NET Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
application, 27
by Mahesh
Viewing Data from SQL Chand andDatabase,
Server David Talbot30-31 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
ADO.NET events, handling, 222-223(928 pages)
This textand
ColumnChanging provides extensive coverage
ColumnChanged Event of ADO.NETWriting,
Handlers, technology
222-223
Connection Events, Writing Code That Executes, 214-215
DataAdapter FillError Event
namespaces Handler
and classes, Code,
and 217
DataAdapter's Fill and Update Methods, Calling, 219-220
ADO.NET.
DataView Event Handler Caller, 230-231
DataView OnListChanged Event Handler, 230
Table of InfoMessage
Contents and StateChange events, Writing Event Handlers for, 213
MergeFailed EventData-Driven Solutions
Handler, Calling, 220-221
Introduction
NodeChanged Event Handler, 228
Chapter NodeInserted
1 - ADO.NET Event
Basics Handler, 229
Chapter NodeRemoved
Event Handler, 229 .NET
Chapter RowChanging
3 - ADO.NET in and RowChanged
Disconnected Event Handlers, Writing, 224
Environments
Chapter RowDeleting
4 - ADO.NETand RowDeleted
in Connected Event Handlers, Writing, 225-226
Environments
Chapter RowUpdated
5 - Handling Event
ADO.NET Handler,
Events218
Chapter RowUpdating
6 - Integrating Event
XML Handler, 218-219
with ADO.NET
Chapter SqlDataAdapter
7 - Data BindingEvent Handler Forms
and Windows Bodies, 217
Data-Bound Controls
XmlDataDocument Event
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations Handling Example, 227-228
ADO.NET in connected environments
AcceptChanges and RejectChanges methods of a DataSet, Using, 191-192
Adding, Editing, Deleting DataSet Rows, 190-191
Calling a DataAdapter's Fill Method, 171
Connecting to SQL Server and Reading SqlConnection Properties, 144-145
Connecting to SQL Server Using OleDb Data Provider, 144
Chapter Creating
14 - Developing Database Web
Two Connections withApplications using ASP.NET
Different Strings, 147-148
Update Method, Calling, 178
16 - ASP.NET Server ControlsUsing, and Data Binding
180-181
Chapter DataReader
17 - Building Reads
From SQL Server Database, 162-164
18 - Object-Relational to Mapping
Map Ordersin .NET
Table of Northwind, 179
19 - Mapped Objects: with Table Option,
Performance Using, 179-180
Chapter DeleteCommand Propertyand
20 - COM Interoperability of ADO.NET
DataAdapter, Setting, 176
Chapter Displaying Customers Table's Data in DataGrid Using SqlDataAdapter, 174-175
21 - Messaging
Chapter Displaying Orders
22 - SQL Server andTable Data in
ADO.NET: DataGrid
Notes Using OleDbAdapter, 173-174
on Performance
AppendixExecuteScalar Method to Retrieve
A - Relational Databases: Some BasicSingle Value, 160
Concepts
AppendixExecuting Batches
B - Commonly Used Using
SQL DataReader,
Statements 164-165
Executing Multiple SQL Queries
Using SqlTransaction, 207-208
Fill method of a DataAdapter, Calling, 177
Index
Filling Data From Multiple Tables, 188-189
List of Figures
FillSchema Method of SqlDataAdapter, Using, 172
List of Tables
Merging Two DataSet Objects, 189
List of Listings
OleDb Database, Connecting to, 143
List of Sidebars
OleDbCommand, Using to Access an Access Database, 154
Optimistic Concurrency, 202-203
Parameter, Creating a, 185-186
Pessimistic Concurrency, 204
Private Members, 196-197
ReleaseObjectPool, Calling, 149
Removing a Row and Calling the Update Method of a DataAdapter, 177
Savepoints in Sql Data Provider, Using, 205-206
Saving Only Modified Rows of DataSet, 193
SELECT Statement, Executing Using OleDbDataAdapter, 167-168
SqlCommand Properties, Setting and Getting, 151
SqlCommand to Read Data from Database, 153
SqlCommandBuilder Class, Creating and Using, 183-184
SqlConnection objects, creating, 139-140
by Mahesh
SqlDataAdapter Chand Creating,
Instances, and David167Talbot ISBN:1590590732
SqlDataAdapter properties, Using, 169
This text
SqlParameter, provides
Creating, 177extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Stored Procedure, Calling Using SqlCommand, 155
Stored Procedure,
namespaces Executing and Reading
and classes, and how Results of, 156-157
Stored Procedure
ADO.NET. Results Output, Adding Subtotal Listing to, 157
Stored Procedure (Sales by Year) in Northwind Database, 156
Table, Adding Records to Using INSERT SQL Statement, 159
Table of TableDirect
Contents to Read Table, 158
ADO.NET in disconnected Data-Driven Solutions116
environments,
Introduction
Adding, Updating, and Deleting Rows of DataView, 130
Chapter AddRowBtn_Click
1 - ADO.NET Basics Method, 109-110
Chapter Class-Level
2 - Data Components
DataTableinand Visual StudioVariables,
DataSet .NET 107
Chapter Column,
3 - ADO.NETRemoving From a Collection,
in Disconnected 117
Environments
Chapter ColumnMapping Property ofEnvironments
4 - ADO.NET in Connected DataColumn, Using, 92
Chapter Columns,
5 - HandlingCreating
ADO.NET Using Different DataColumn Constructors, 88-89
Events
Chapter Contains, Find, and
6 - Integrating XMLRemove Method of DataRowCollection, Using, 116
with ADO.NET
Chapter CreateCustomersTable
7 - Data Binding and Windows Method, 107-109
Custom Properties, Adding
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations and Removing, 93
Customer/Orders Relationship
Example, 102-105
Data Column, Setting as Primary Key, 90
DataColumn, Creating and Setting Properties of, 89-90
DataRelation, Creating Customer/Order Relationship Using, 100
DataRow's RejectChanges and Delete Methods, Calling, 98
DataSet Custom Properties, Setting and Reading, 123
Chapter DataTable
Objects, Adding Webto aApplications using ASP.NET
DataSet, 124-125
Chapter DataView
15 - UsingObjects,
ADO.NETCreating
in Xml Web Services
From a DataTable, 129
Chapter DeleteRowsBtn_ClickMethod,
110-112
Chapter Form's
Constructor Calling CreateCustomersTable, CreateOrdersTable, and BindData, 101
Chapter ID,
18 Address,
- Object-Relational
and Name Mapping
Columns in .NET
of DataRow, Setting Values of, 95
Chapter ID19and NameObjects:
- Mapped Data Columns of Customers
Performance Table,and
Considerations creating, 90
Data Binding
Chapter Merging
20 - COMDataRow and DataTable
Interoperability and ADO.NET Objects, 127
Chapter Merging Two DataSets, 126-127
21 - Messaging
Chapter Ordinal
22 - SQL and MaxLength
Server properties,
and ADO.NET: Notes Using, 94
on Performance
AppendixRows, Adding to
A - Relational DataTable
Databases: Using
Some DataRow,
Basic Concepts96-98
Rows, Editing Using BeginEdit,
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements CancelEdit, and EndEdit methods, 119
Rows, Finding in DataView Using
Find Method, 131
RowState property, Calling, 99
Index
Saving DataTable in XML Documents, 114
List of Figures
SearchButtonClick Method, 112-113
List of Tables
Sorting Data Using Select Method, 113-114
List of Listings
State of a Row, Determining, 118
List of Sidebars
Table, Creating Using DataTable and DataColumn, 91-92
ASP.NET for database Web applications
Add Button Click Event Handler, 505
AllowPaging, PageSize, and AllowSorting Properties, 501
DataGrid's PageStyle Modes, Setting, 501
Deleting Data on Delete Button Click, 507
ExecuteSQL Method, 504
Filling Data from Database to Data-Bound Controls, 478-480
Filling DataSet from DataAdapter, 498-499
First ASP.NET Application, 486-487
Guest Data, Adding to Database, 510
HTML View of asp:DataGrid, 501
My Home Page and View Guest Book Buttons, 514
by MaheshHandler
PageIndexChanged Chand and David Talbot
of DataGrid Control, 500 ISBN:1590590732
Page_Load Event Handler Code of ViewGuestBook.aspx, 512-513
This as
Setting Image text providesControl's
DataGrid extensiveNext
coverage of ADO.NET
and Previous technology
Page Text, 501
Updating Data on Update Button Click, 506
ViewGuestBook.aspx,
namespaces opening,
and classes,511and how to integrate both with
ASP.NET server controls and data binding
ADO.NET.
Button Click Handlers, Writing, 541
ButtonColumn Click Event Handler, 592
Table of Calendar
Contents Control, Getting Selected Date of, 542
Calendar Control'sData-Driven
Properties, Solutions
setting, 544
Introduction
Data Binding in a DataGrid Control, 583-584
Chapter DataGrid
1 - ADO.NET BasicsSequence, Rearranging, 588
Column's
Chapter DataGrid
2 - Data Control's
Components Stylein Properties,
Visual Studio .NET 585-586
Setting,
Chapter DataGrid
3 - ADO.NETwith Button Columns,Environments
in Disconnected 593-594
Chapter DataList Control,
4 - ADO.NET Data Binding
in Connected in, 564-566
Environments
Chapter DataList Control's
5 - Handling Properties,
ADO.NET Events Setting, 568-569
Chapter DataList Control's
6 - Integrating Styles,
XML Settings, 570-571
with ADO.NET
Chapter DropDownList
7 - Data Binding Control, Data Binding
and Windows Formsin, 559-560 Controls
Data-Bound
Editable DataGrid, 601-604
Editable DataList Control, 578-581
Formatting BoundColumn's Header and Footers, 588-589
ListBox Control, Data Binding in, 557-558
Repeater Control, Using, 554-555
Simple Template, Applying on a Repeater Control, 546-547
Sorting in a DataGrid Control, 606-607
Chapter Template
14 - Developing
Columns Database Web Applications
in a DataGrid Control, using ASP.NET
596-598
Chapter Template
15 - UsingColumns,
ADO.NET in Xml Web
Using, 595-596 Services
Chapter Templates,
16 - ASP.NET ServertoControls
Adding andControl,
a DataList Data Binding
549
Chapter Templates
of a DataList Control, Adding Formatting to, 550-551
Chapter TextBox,
Button, and Image in .NET Data Binding in, 561-562
Controls,
Chapter Update, Delete,
19 - Mapped Cancel,
Objects: and Edit Command
Performance Handlers,
Considerations Adding,
and Data 572
Binding
Chapter Update,
20 - COMDelete, Cancel, and
Interoperability and Edit Command Handlers Code, 573
ADO.NET
Chapter VisibleMonthChanged
21 - Messaging Event, 545
COM
Chapter 22(Component
- SQL ServerObject Model) interoperability
AppendixADODB Namespace
A - Relational to Access
Databases: Some aBasic
Database,
Concepts715-716
ADOX from Managed Code,
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements Using, 717-718
Getting All Dimensions of a Cube, 722-723
Getting Cubes from FoodMart 2000 Database, 721-722
Index
Getting Dimension Members, 723-724
List of Figures
constraints
List of Tables
Adding and Removing, 350-351
List of Listings
FOREIGN KEY Constraint, Creating, 347-348
List of Sidebars
PRIMARY KEY Constraint, Adding to DataTable, 352
Reading All Constraints of a Collection, 352
UNIQUE constraint, Creating, 348-349
UNIQUE Constraints, Adding, 351
data binding and data-bound controls
AllowNavigation in Action, 319
Binding Multiple Controls Using Binding, 289
Binding TextBox Using Binding, 288-289
Counting and Removing Binding objects, 290
CreateDataSet Method, 322-323
Custom Recordset, Creating, 337
CustRecordSet.vb, 335-336
DataGridBoolColumn class, Creating, 318
DataGrid'sApplied
CaptionADO.NET:
Properties,Building
321 Data-Driven Solutions
DataGrid's Color and Font Properties, Using, 320 ISBN:1590590732
DataGridTableStyle, Creating and Adding, 315
This text provides
DataGridTableStyle extensive coverage
from CurrencyManager, of ADO.NET technology
316
DataSource and DataMember Properties of a DataGrid Control, Setting, 307
Exchanging the Buttonand
namespaces Click Handler,
classes, and329how to integrate both with
FillDataGrid and Form_Load Methods, 328
ADO.NET.
FillDataGrid Method, 323-324,341
FillDataSet Method, 305
Table of Form
ContentsLoad Event Handler, 304
Format and Parse Data-Driven
Event Handlers,Solutions
Adding, 292
Introduction
Form's Load Method, 321
Chapter Getting
1 - ADO.NET Basics
a DataGrid Column Header Name, 332
Chapter Getting
2 - Data Components
a DataGrid in Visual
Columns' Studio
Style .NET
Using DataGridColumnStyle, 330-331
Chapter Getting CurrentinDataGridColumnStyle,
3 - ADO.NET Disconnected Environments 333-334
Chapter HitTest in Action,
4 - ADO.NET 325-326 Environments
in Connected
Chapter ListBox and ComboBox
5 - Handling Controls, Binding, 305-306
ADO.NET Events
Chapter ListBox Control Event
6 - Integrating XML withHandler,
ADO.NETAdding, 302-303
Chapter LoadData and GetDataSet
7 - Data Binding and Windows Methods,
Forms 298-299
Data-Bound Controls
Move Next, Move Previous,
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations Move First, Move Last Button Code, 299
Moving Record Button Click
Event Handlers, 337-338
Raising ListBox Events, 303
Reading all Bindings of a Form, 290-291
Reading All Controls Participating in Data Binding, 294
Reading TextBox Control's Binding Properties, 291-292
Record Navigation System Variables, 298
Chapter ReshuffleColumns
Method, Web Applications using ASP.NET
329-330
Chapter Saving
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web
Updated Data in a Data Source ServicesFrom a DataGrid Control, 343-344
Chapter Search
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls
Button Click Event Handler,and Data Binding
341-342
Chapter Sorting
a DataGrid Control's Columns, 334
Chapter
data18providers,
- Object-Relational
developingMapping
customin .NET
Chapter Implementation For anPerformance
19 - Mapped Objects: Enumerator, 442
Chapter PipedDataAdapter Object,and
20 - COM Interoperability 460-462
ADO.NET
Chapter PipedDataCommand
21 - Messaging Object, 450-453
Chapter PipedDataConnection Object, 447-449
AppendixPipedDataProvider Test Case,
A - Relational Databases: Some463 Basic Concepts
PipedDataReader Object,
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements 454-459
data relations
Creating a DataRelation, 355
Index
Deleting a Data Relation from the Collection, 358
List of Figures
Filling a DataSet from Two Tables, 354
List of Tables
Getting DataRelation Properties, 356-357
List of Listings
exception handling in ADO.NET
List of Sidebars
Custom Filter and Error Message, Defining, 364-365
Nested Try...Catch and Multiple Catch Blocks, 363-364
Opening a File, 360
Reading Data from SQL Server, 371-373
Simple Exception Handling Block, 361
Simple Try...Catch Block, 362
SqlError and SqlErrorCollection objects, 373-374
Try...Catch...Finally statement, 362
Frequently Asked Questions, ADO.NET
Binary Data, Reading, 837-838
Browse Button Click Event Handler, 835
DiffGram Format, 840-841
DiffGrams, Reading, 841-842
GetPageData Method, 816
by MaheshTable
Getting a Database ChandSchema
and David Talbot
Using SqlCommand,ISBN:1590590732
811-812
Getting a Database's Table Schema, 826-827
This text provides
Getting Database's extensive
Tables from SQL coverage of ADO.NET
Server Database, technology
825-826
Paging, Implementing in ADO.NET, 817-820
Reading a namespaces
Database Schema Programmatically,
and classes, 825 both with
Reading and Writing to and from Windows Registry, 831
ADO.NET.
Reading DataSet Columns and Their Data Types, 814-815
Reading ODBC DSNs, 832-833
Table of Reading
ContentsOnly Modified Rows of DataSet, 843
Save Image ButtonData-Driven
Click EventSolutions
Handler, 835-837
Introduction
Selecting Distinct Rows from DataBase Table, 827-828
Chapter Transactions
1 - ADO.NETinBasics
OleDb Data Provider, 821
Chapter 2 - Data
mapped Components in Visual Studio .NET
objects
Chapter Adding Videos()
3 - ADO.NET in Array to VideoCategory
Disconnected Environments Object, 695-696
Chapter Code-Behind
4 - ADO.NETFile of TestDataGrid
in Connected Program, 676-677
Environments
Chapter Code-Behind
5 - Handling Object
ADO.NET of Events
FancyBinding Page, 682-684
Chapter Code-Behind
6 - IntegratingObject of LazyLoading
XML with ADO.NET Page, 697-700
Chapter GetBlockedCategory
7 - Data Binding and Stored
Windows Procedure, 692-693 Controls
Forms Data-Bound
HTML of FancyBinding Page,
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations 681-682
HTML of TestGridObjects Page, 679-680
HTML Page of Lazy Loading Page, 696-697
HTML Side of TestDataGrid Page, 677-678
Incremental Lazy Loading Stored Procedure, 701
Theoretical Shopping Cart Example, 680-681
VideoCategory and Related Objects, 686-691
Chapter VideoCategoryIndexer,
701-703
Chapter VideoCategoryIndexer
15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml TestWeb
Case,Services
703-704
Chapter WeakCache
16 - ASP.NETObject,
Server Controls
707-708 and Data Binding
messaging
Chapter Creating
a Queue, 737Mapping in .NET
Chapter Deleting a Queue,
19 - Mapped Objects:738Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter Encrypted Messages, Sending,
20 - COM Interoperability 751
and ADO.NET
Chapter Filtering Queues Based on
21 - Messaging
Chapter Category, Machine
22 - SQL Server andName,
ADO.NET:andNotes
Label,on733-734
Performance
AppendixGetting a Queue's
A - Relational Properties,
Databases: Some738 Basic Concepts
AppendixPrivate Queues,Used
B - Commonly Retrieving, 732
SQL Statements
Public Queues, Retrieving, 732-733
Receiving Messages from a Queue, 743-744
Index
Sending Messages to a Queue, 743
List of Figures
Transactional Messages, Sending and Receiving, 749-750
List of Tables
object-relational (OR) mapping in .NET
List of Listings
SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser,665
List of Sidebars
User Object in the User Component, 655-656
UserData Object in the User Component, 656-657
UserDataAccess Object in the User Component, 657-659
UserTestCase Object, 660-661
VideoCheckInCheckOut Component, Test Case for, 671-673
VideoCheckInCheckOut Object, 667-670
VideoTape Component, Test Case For, 653-654
VideoTape Object, 645-648
VideoTapeData Object, 643-644
VideoTapeDataAccess Object, 648-652
ODBC .NET data provider
Employees.xls, Accessing Using ODBC Data Provider, 390
MySQL Database, Accessing, 382
Reading Data from Northwind Using ODBC Data Provider, 379-380
TextDB.txtby Mahesh
file, Chand388
Accessing, and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
Oracle .NET data provider 2003 (928 pages)
ConnectingThis to antextOracle
provides extensive417-418
Database, coverage of ADO.NET technology
Constructing SQL INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Queries, 421
ExecuteSqlQuery
namespaces Method, 420
FillDataGrid Method, 419-420
ADO.NET.
Oracle-Specific DataReader Methods, 423
OracleDataAdapter, Reading/Writing Data Using, 423-424
Table of OracleDataReader,
Contents Reading Data Using, 422-423
SQL Server and ADO.NET Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
Generic Data Access Class, 771-773
Chapter Generic
1 - ADO.NET Basics Class, Using, 774-775
Data Access
Chapter Query
2 - DatafromComponents in Visual StudioNot
SelectVideosCheckedIn, .NETOptimized, 762-763
Chapter SelectVideosCheckedIn
3 - ADO.NET in Disconnected Query, Optimized Version, 763-764
Environments
Chapter sp_executesql
4 - ADO.NET in toConnected
Execute aEnvironments
Database Query, 765
Chapter User-Defined
5 - Handling Variables,
ADO.NET Events 773-774
SQLXML
Chapter and SQL XML
6 - Integrating .NETADO.NET
XML with data providers
Chapter SqlXmlAdapter,
7 - Data BindingUsing, 429
SqlXmlCommand to Execute
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations Commands, 433-435
stored procedures and views
AddCat1 Stored Procedure, 404
Executing mySP Stored Procedure Using SQL Data Provider, 400-401
Executing Stored Procedure with Output Parameter, 404-405
Executing Views Programmatically, 410
Parameters, Using in Stored Procedure, 402-404
Chapter 14 Studio
Visual - Developing
.NET data Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
components
Chapter Added
15 - Using
Sql Server Provider Web
ADO.NET in Xml Services 48-49
Components,
Chapter Calling
16 - ASP.NET Server Controls
DataForm1 from Button Click, and Data 65
Binding
Chapter Calling
DataForm2 from Button Click, 66
Chapter Cancel
All Button ClickMapping in .NET 71
Event Handler,
Chapter DataAdapter Connection
19 - Mapped Objects: through TableMapping,
Performance 49 Data Binding
Considerations and
Chapter FillDataSet Method Generated
20 - COM Interoperability by Data Form Wizard, 69
and ADO.NET
Chapter Form's Load Event Handler, 50-51
21 - Messaging
Chapter Load and Server
22 - SQL Updateand Button Click Event
ADO.NET: Handlers,
Notes on 67-68
Performance
AppendixLoadDataSet
A - RelationalMethod Generated
Databases: by Data
Some Basic Form Wizard, 68-69
Concepts
AppendixUpdateDataSource
B - Commonly Usedand SQLUpdateDataSet
Statements Methods Generated by Data Form Wizard, 70-71
Web applications, building Button
Click Event Handlers, 614-615
DisplayData.aspx HTML View, 624-627
Index
Done Button Click Event Handler, 620,623
List of Figures
FillDataGrid and Page_Load Methods, 627,629
List of Tables
FillPartialData Method, 628
List of Listings
Login Button Click Event Handler Code, 613
List of Sidebars
Post Job Button Click Event Handler, 619
Post Resume Button Click Event Handler, 622-623
Post Resume Page, Adding Options to, 621-622
Register.aspx Code, 616
Resumes.aspx HTML View, 630-632
Send Message Click Event Handler, 618
XML integration with ADO.NET
Adding a Node with Attributes, 260
Adding Nodes to a Document, 256
Appending in an XML Document Fragment, 254
GetAttribute of a Node, Using, 243-244
Getting Node Information, 240-241
Getting Root Node of Document, 256
Getting XML Node Information, 240
by Mahesh
Inserting XML FragmentChandintoand David Talbot
Document, 259 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
MoveToContent Method, Using, 243pages)
This text
Moving to Root andprovides
First Childextensive
Nodes coverage of ADO.NET technology
Using XPathNavigator, 274-275
Output of XmlWriterSample.vb Class, 249-250
Reading an XML file, 239
RemoveAllADO.NET.
for books.xml, Calling, 258
Removing All Items of a Node, 257
ReplaceChild, Calling, 258
Table of Saving
Contents
DataSet Data to XML Document, 271-272
Skip Method, Using, Data-Driven
244 Solutions
Introduction
WriteXml method Output, 266
Chapter WriteXml
1 - ADO.NET Basics
method, Using, 265-266
Chapter WriteXmlSchema
Method, Studio
Using, 267 .NET
Chapter XML Schema Generated
3 - ADO.NET for Database
in Disconnected Table, 284-285
Environments
Chapter XmlConvert
4 - ADO.NET Class, Using, 251
Chapter XmlDataDocumentSample.vb,
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events 270
Chapter XmlDocumentFragment
6 - Integrating XML withSample,
ADO.NET254
Chapter XmlWriter Example,
7 - Data Binding and248-249
Chapter XPathIterator andand
8 - Constraints Select, Using, 276-277
Data Relations
XPathNavigator, Reading
Document Using, 275-276
XSL Transformation, 262
XML Web services
Button-Click Event Handler for Calling Order Retrieval Web Service, 528-529
Client Event Handler for Executing Web Service, 533
ExecuteQuery Method, 534
Chapter GetOrdersFromDatabase
Method, 521 using ASP.NET
Chapter Populating
an Order in Database, Web Service Method for, 530-531
Chapter WebService
16 - ASP.NETandServer Controls and
WebMethod Data Binding
Attributes, Adding Descriptions to, 522-524
Color and Font Properties, Using DataGrid's (code listing), 320
columns
column and table mapping, 178-181
ColumnChanged event, 222-223
ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged Event Handlers, Writing (code listing), 222-223
ColumnMapping property, 92
ColumnMapping Property of DataColumn, Using (code listing), 92
AppendixColumns
B - Commonly Used
property SQL494-495
page, Statements
AppendixCreating
Using Different DataColumn Constructors (code listing), 88-89
Index customizing and rearranging, 587-589
List of Figures
defined, 779
List of Tables
determinant,785
header names, getting, 332
List of Listings
mappings, 45
List of Sidebars
selecting for indexing, 757-758
understanding, 586-587
COM (Component Object Model)
marshaling,12-13
Web services and, 517
COM interoperability, 709-724
.NET Framework interop tools, 710-712
Type Library Exporter (Tlbexp.exe), 712
Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe), 711
Visual Studio .NET, 710
ADO recordset and ADO.NET, 712-716
ADOX, using with ADO.NET, 716-718
basics,709-710
code listings by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ADODB Namespace to Access a Database, 715-716
ADOX from This text provides
Managed Code,extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Using, 717-718
Getting All Dimensions of a Cube, 722-723
Getting Cubes from FoodMart
namespaces 2000and
and classes, Database, 721-722both with
how to integrate
Getting Dimension
ADO.NET.Members, 723-724
COM and .NET Interoperability,709
OLAP server data, accessing, 718-724
Table of Contents
ComboBox and ListBox controls, data binding in, 304-306
Comma Separated Values (CSV) format, 438
Introduction
Chapter
Command1 - Behaviors,
ADO.NET Basics
165-166
Chapter
Command2 - components,
Data Components
75 in Visual Studio .NET
Command objects
basics,17-18
creating,25
in custom data provider interfaces, 440-441
Chapter 7 - Datafor
vs. DataSet Binding anddata
updating Windows Forms
sources, Data-Bound Controls
776
properties, 150 and Data Relations
Chapter
SQL9 statements,
- ADO.NET executing,
Exception Handling
150-160
Chapter calling
10 - Working
stored with the ODBC155-157
procedures, .NET Data Provider
Chapter Command
11 - Storedmethods,
160
Chapter Command
12 - Oracle,properties, 150-151
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data154-155
CommandType enumeration, Provider
Chapter creating Command
14 - Developing objects,
Database Web 151-153
Chapter executing
15 - UsingCommands, 158-160
OleDbCommand, creating
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and using,
and Data 153-154
Binding
TableDirect, 157-158
CommandBehavior
enumeration,
Chapter 843-844
understanding,
Chapter 165-166
CommandBuilder object
creating,
Chapter 182 Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
22 - SQL
defined,
Appendix A - 19
SqlCommandBuilder
Appendix members,
B - Commonly Used 182
SQL Statements
SqlCommandBuilder,
Appendix using, Asked
C - ADO.NET Frequently 182-184
Questions
Index
CommandType enumeration, 154-155
List of Figures
Commit, Rollback, and Savepoints, 204-206
List of Tables
committed transactions, 747
List of Listings
complex
List and simple data binding, 288,538
of Sidebars
complex Web Forms controls, data binding in, 562-607
component isolation, 666-670
components of ADO.NET, 15-22
Command object, 17-18
CommandBuilder, 19
Connection object, 16-17
data providers, 15-16
DataAdapter object, 19-20
DataSet structure, 20-21
by Mahesh 21-22
DataSets in DataViews, Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
concurrency
concurrency control,
including199
transactions and, 198-200
using,201-204namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
conditional statements in SQL, 799
Configure Data Adapter property, 46-47
Table of Contents
connected environments, ADO.NET in.
SeeADO.NET in connected
Introduction
environments
connecting to data sources. Seedata sources, connecting to
Connecting
Chapter to SQL Server
3 - ADO.NET and Reading
in Disconnected SqlConnection Properties (code listing), 144-145
Environments
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Connecting in Connected
to SQL Server Environments
Using OleDb Data Provider (code listing), 144
Connection class members, 141
Connection component of DataProvider, 136
Connection
Chapter events, 211-215
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Connection Exception
Events, Writing Handling
Code That Executes (code listing), 214-215
Connection objects with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Stored
in custom Procedures
data provider and Views
interfaces, 439-440
definition SQLXML, and 16-17
and fundamentals, Other .NET Data Providers
properties, 140 a Custom Data Provider
connection pooling, 145-149
connection strings
for different data providers, 845
Oracle .NET data provider, 417
pooling and, 777
SqlXmlAdapter object, 428
understanding, 40 and ADO.NET
connections
closing,26,142-145
Connections, Creating Two with Different Strings (code listing), 147-148
ConnectionState enumeration members, 213
ConnectionString Asked Questions
property, 142
IndexConnectionType enumeration members, 141
List of Figures139-140
creating,
List of Tables
creating in Oracle .NET data provider, 416-418
List of Listings
data, 38-40
disconnected
List of Sidebars data and, 11-12
establishing,24-25
opening and closing, 142-145
constraints
adding and removing, 350-351
code listings
Adding PRIMARY KEY Constraint to DataTable, 352
Constraints, Adding and Removing, 350-351
FOREIGN KEY Constraint, Creating, 347-348
Reading All Constraints of a Collection, 352
UNIQUE Constraint, Creating, 348-349
UNIQUE Constraints, Adding, 351
Constraint classes, implementing, 346
by85
constraint rule, Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ConstraintCollection class, 349-350
This text class,
ForeignKeyConstraint provides extensive coverage
implementing, of ADO.NET technology
346-348
PRIMARY KEY constraints, adding, 352
property,101 namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
reading all constraints,
ADO.NET. 352
SQL statements to add and remove, 352-353
types of, 345-346
TableUniqueConstraint
of Contents class, 348-349
Contact.aspx page (Online Job Board Application), 617-618
Introduction
Contains,
Chapter 1 Find, and Remove
- ADO.NET Basics Method of DataRowCollection, Using (code listing), 116
content2node,
Chapter moving
- Data to (XML),
Components 242-243
Chapter
Control3and
Page classes Environments
in data binding, 301,539
Count (*) to determine number of rows, 823
Counting
Chapter 6 and Removing
- Integrating Binding
XML Objects (code listing), 290
with ADO.NET
CREATE
Chapter 7 PROCEDURE SQLWindows
- Data Binding and statement, 393Data-Bound Controls
Forms
Chapter
CREATE 8 TABLE
SQL statement, 353
CREATE TABLE statements, 803
CREATE VIEW SQL statements, 808-809
CreateCommand
Chapter 12 - Oracle,and ChangeDatabase
SQLXML, methods,
and Other .NET 149-150
Data Providers
Chapter 13 - Developing a Method
CreateCustomersTable Custom (code
Data Provider
listing), 107-109
CreateDataSet Method (code listing), 322-323
Creating a Queue (code listing), 737
Creating
Chapter 17DataView
- BuildingObjects From
Real-World a DataTable
Web Applications(code listing), 129
Chapter
Cubes 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
Getting
Chapter 19 -All Dimensions
Mapped Objects:ofPerformance
(code listing), 722-723
Getting
Chapter 20 -from
COM FoodMart 2000 and
Interoperability Database (code listing), 721-722
ADO.NET
Chapter 21 - object,
CultureInfo Messaging
123
CurrencyManager
DataGridTableStyle From (code listing), 316
Appendix B - Commonly Used295-296
and PropertyManager, SQL Statements
for synchronization of controls, 293Questions
Index
cursors
List of Figures
locks and, 766
List of Tables
and recordsets, 786-787
List of Listings
CustEmpView, 409-410
List of Sidebars
custom controls (server-side), 483
custom data providers, developing. Seedata providers, developing custom
custom filters and error messages, 364-365
Custom Properties, Adding and Removing (code listing), 93
Custom Properties of a DataSet, Setting and Reading (code listing), 123-124
Custom Recordset, Creating (code listing), 337
Customer/Orders Relationship Example (code listing), 102-105
CustRecordSet.vb (code listing), 335-336
D This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
DAO (Data Access Objects), 4-5
namespaces and 641,
Data Access Component (DAC), classes, and how
648-652, to integrate both with
770-775
ADO.NET.
Data Adapter Configuration Wizard, 41-51
DataAdapter, adding, 42-44
TableDataAdapter
of Contents properties, setting and reviewing, 44-46
DataGrid
Applied control, adding,
ADO.NETBuilding 42
DataGrid control, filling with data, 50-51
Introduction
project
Chapter 1 -template,
ADO.NET 42Basics
reviewing options, 46-48 in Visual Studio .NET
source code, 48-49
data binding
ASP.NET
Chapter server controls
5 - Handling ADO.NETand. SeeASP.NET server controls and data binding
Events
in ComboBox
Chapter and ListBox
6 - Integrating controls,
XML with ADO.NET304-306
in complex
Chapter Web
7 - Data Forms
Binding andcontrols,
Windows562-607
Chapter 8
Control and Page classes in, 539
mapped objects and, 675-684
Chapter bound
13 - Developing a Custom Data
objects, accessing Provider
properties of, 678-680
Chapter bound
14 - Developing
objects, using logic with, 680-685 using ASP.NET
Chapter connection
strings, 676
read-only,537 Server Controls and Data Binding
Chapter
Repeater control and, 553 Web Applications
17 - Building Real-World
simple
Chapter 18 -and complex, 538 Mapping in .NET
Object-Relational
in simple
Chapter Web Forms
19 - Mapped controls,
Objects: 540-562
Chapter ASP.NET templates, 547-548
Chapter Button control, 540-541
21 - Messaging
Chapter Calendar control,and
22 - SQL Server 542-545
AppendixDropDownList
A - Relational control, 558-560
ListBox control, 556-558
ListControl class, 555-556
Repeater control, 552-555
Index
templates, Web server control. Seetemplates, Web server control templates
List of Figures
TextBox, Button and Image controls, 560-562
List of Tables
in Web Forms, 537-539
List of Listings
data binding and data-bound controls, 287-344
List of Sidebars
code listings
AllowNavigation in Action, 319
Binding Multiple Controls Using Binding, 289
Binding TextBox Using Binding, 288-289
Counting and Removing Binding objects, 290
CreateDataSet Method, 322-323
Custom Recordset, Creating, 337
CustRecordSet.vb, 335-336
DataGridBoolColumn Class, Creating, 318
DataGrid's Caption Properties, 321
DataGrid's Color and Font Properties, Using, 320
DataGridTableStyle, Creating and Adding, 315
DataGridTableStyle From CurrencyManager, 316
Exchanging the Button Click Handler, 329
FillDataGridbyand
Mahesh Chand and
Form_Load David Talbot
Methods, 328 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
FillDataGrid Method, 323-324,341 pages)
FillDataSetThis text provides

Method, 305 extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Form Load Event Handler, 304
Format and Parse Event
namespaces andHandlers,
classes, andAdding, 292
Form's Load Method, 321
ADO.NET.
Getting a DataGrid Column Header Name, 332
Getting a DataGrid Columns' Style Using DataGridColumnStyle, 330-331
Table of Getting
ContentsCurrent DataGridColumnStyle, 333-334
HitTest in Action, 325-326
Introduction
ListBox and ComboBox Controls, Binding, 305-306
Chapter ListBox
1 - ADO.NET
ControlBasics
Event Handler, Adding, 302-303
Chapter LoadData
2 - Data Components
and GetDataSet in Visual Studio298-299
Methods, .NET
Chapter Move Next, Move
3 - ADO.NET Previous, Move
in Disconnected First, Move Last Button Code, 299
Environments
Chapter Moving RecordinButton
4 - ADO.NET ConnectedClickEnvironments
Event Handlers, 337-338
Chapter Raising ListBox
5 - Handling Events, Events
ADO.NET 303
Chapter Reading all Bindings
6 - Integrating of a Form,
XML with ADO.NET 290-291
Chapter Reading
7 - DataAll Controls
Binding andParticipating
Windows Forms in Data Binding,Controls
Data-Bound 294
Reading TextBox Control's
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations Binding Properties, 291-292
Record Navigation System Variables, 298
ReshuffleColumns Method, 329-330
Saving Updates Data in a Data Source From a DataGrid Control, 343-344
Search Button Click Event Handler, 341-342
Setting DataSource and DataMember Properties of a DataGrid Control, 307
Sorting a DataGrid Control's Columns, 334
complex data-boundDatabase
controls,Web Applications using ASP.NET
301-307
Chapter ComboBox
15 - Using ADO.NET
and ListBox controls,Services
in Xml Web data binding in, 304-306
Chapter Control
16 - ASP.NET Server
class in data Controls
binding, and301Data Binding
Chapter DataGrid
control, Web Applications
data binding in, 306-307
Chapter deleting
data binding, Mapping
307 in .NET
Chapter ListControl
19 - Mapped class, 301-302
Chapter ListControl DataBinding-related
20 - COM Interoperability events, 302-303
and ADO.NET
DataGrid
Chapter control. SeeDataGrid control
21 - Messaging
fundamentals
Chapter of data
22 - SQL Server andbinding,
ADO.NET: 287-301
AppendixBinding class, 288-292
AppendixBindingContext,
B - Commonly 296 Used SQL Statements
BindingManagerBase functionality, 293-296
record navigation system, building, 296-300
Index
Data
List Binding in a DataGrid Control (code listing), 583-584
of Figures
List
dataof binding
Tables in ASP.NET, 487-507
adding
List of data, 505
Listings
data-bound
List of Sidebars server-side controls, 488-489
DataGrid and DataList controls. SeeDataGrid and DataList controls in ASP.NET
deleting data, 507
updating data, 506
Web Forms, adding, editing, and deleting in, 502-504
data-bound connectivity, 193
data-bound controls. See alsodata binding and data-bound controls
ASP.NET, 488-489
basics,38
Data Column, Setting as Primary Key (code listing), 90
data components, Visual Studio .NET. SeeVisual Studio .NET data components
data connections, understanding, 38-40
data consumers (OLE DB), 5-6
Data Form Wizard Apress 2003 (928 pages)
adding items, This
58 text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
calling form from application,
including ADO.NET 65-66
code listings, interfaces,
68-71 and takes a comprehensive look at XML
creating relationship between tables, 60-61
ADO.NET.
Data Connection, choosing, 59
DataForm1.vb,67-71
TableDataSet, choosing, 59
of Contents
display
Applied style, choosing,
ADO.NETBuilding 62-65
displaying tables and columns, 62
Introduction
MyDS.xsd,
Chapter 67
1 - ADO.NET Basics
project template, 58
tables or views, choosing, 59-60
viewing output, 66
Data Link
Chapter 5 Properties Wizard, 35,
- Handling ADO.NET 40
Events
Chapter 6 - (mapped
data object Integratingobjects),
XML with641,
ADO.NET
643-644
data providers. See alsoOracle .NET dataForms Data-Bound
provider; Controls
SQLXML and SQL XML .NET
Chapter
base8 data
- Constraints
providers,and
37 Data Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
choosing, 80 Exception Handling
choosing with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
.NET, 22-23
Chapter 11 - Stored
definition Procedures and
and fundamentals, Views
15-16
generic
Chapter 12 - model,
Oracle, 135-136
MySQL
Chapter 13 - database and
Developing .NET data
a Custom Dataprovider,
Provider 435
ODBC
Chapter 14 -data provider,
Developing 414
ODBC
Chapter 15 -.NET.
UsingSee ODBCin.NET
ADO.NET data Services
Xml Web provider
ODP.NET
Chapter data provider,
16 - ASP.NET 414
OleDb
Chapter 17 -data provider,
Building 5-6,414
OraDirect.NET, 413
selecting,769-770
Web-service-based, 437
data providers,
Chapter developing custom, 437-464
21 - Messaging
advantages
Chapter 22 - SQLof, 437-438
building,446-463
PipedDataAdapter object, 460-462
PipedDataCommand object, 449-453
PipedDataConnection object, 446-449
Index
PipedDataProvider application, testing, 462-463
List of Figures
PipedDataReader object, 453-459
List of Tables
code listings
List of Listings
Implementation for an Enumerator, 442
List of Sidebars
PipedDataAdapter Object, 460-462
PipedDataCommand Object, 450-453
PipedDataConnection Object, 447-449
PipedDataProvider Test Case, 463
PipedDataReader Object, 454-459
debugging,464
interfaces, overview of, 438-445
Adapter objects, 443-445
Command objects, 440-441
Connection objects, 439-440
grouped by function, 438
Reader objects, 441-443
data relations, 353-358
code listings Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Creating aby Mahesh Chand
DataRelation, 355and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Deleting a Data Relation from the Collection, 358
This text
Filling a DataSet provides
from extensive
Two Tables, coverage of ADO.NET technology
354
Getting DataRelation Properties, 356-357
DataRelation namespaces
and DataRelationCollection
and classes, and objects, 354-358both with
how to integrate
fundamentals,ADO.NET.
353-354
data sources
connecting to, 139-150
Table of Contents
connection pooling, 145-149
connection properties and methods, 140-141
Introduction
CreateCommand and ChangeDatabase methods, 149-150
creating connections, 139-140
opening and closing connections, 142-145
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
updating, 776 in Disconnected Environments
data synchronization, 293-294
DataAdapter
Chapter objects. See
6 - Integrating XMLalso
withPipedDataAdapter
ADO.NET object
constructing,
Chapter 7 - Data166-168
DataAdapter
Chapter 8
Connection through TableMapping (code listing), 49
DataAdapter events, 215-220
DataAdapter example, 172-175
DataAdapter FillError Event Handler Code (code listing), 217
DataAdapter's Fill and Update Methods, Calling (code listing), 219-220
DataAdapter's Update Method, Calling (code listing), 178
DataTable, adding toa Custom
DataSet, Data
172Provider
Filling DataAdapter from RecordSet, Applications
175-176 using ASP.NET
Filling DataSets, 170-171 in Xml Web Services
fundamentals, Server Controls and Data Binding
19-20
methods,170 Real-World Web Applications
paging
Chapter 18 -with, 815-816
properties,
Chapter 168-169
reading
Chapter 20 - and
COMwriting data using,
Interoperability and423-424
ADO.NET
relationship
Chapter to DataSet and DataView objects, 121
21 - Messaging
SQL22DataAdapters,
Chapter - SQL Server and40-51
tableAand
Appendix column mapping,
- Relational Databases:178-181
Some Basic Concepts
updating database using Update
method, 176-178
Database
Appendix C -Table Schema,
ADO.NET Getting
Frequently Using
Asked SqlCommand (code listing), 811-812
Questions
Index
databases
List of Figures owners, 395
database
database
List of Tables Web applications using ASP.NET. SeeASP.NET for database Web applications
Database's
List of Listings Tables, Getting from SQL Server Database (code listing), 825-826
defined,
List of 779
Sidebars
design slippage, dangers of, 768-769
pages, checking size of, 767-768
schemas
getting programmatically using DataSet, 824-827
obtaining programmatically, 811
Video Store Application design, 641-643
DataBind method, 539
DataBinder.Eval, 678
DataColumns
adding to DataTables, 90-92
class properties, 86
creating,86-89
Creating and Setting Properties (code listing), 89-90
by Maheshclass,
DataColumnCollection Chand116-117
Apress 2003 (928
DataColumnCollection object, 115 pages)
This text provides
DataColumnMapping, Using (codeextensive coverage
listing), of ADO.NET technology
180-181
properties,85-86,92-94
setting properties, 89-90 and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
ADO.NET.
DataForm1.vb,67-71
DataGrid and DataList controls in ASP.NET, 490-502
TableAutoFormat,
of Contents492-493
Borders
Applied property page,
ADO.NETBuilding 497-498 Solutions
Data-Driven
Columns property page, 494-495
Introduction
DataGrid
Chapter control properties,
1 - ADO.NET Basics 490-492
Filling
Chapter 2 a- DataSet, 498-499in Visual Studio .NET
Data Components
Format- property
Chapter 3
page, 496-497
Paging in DataGrid control, 499-500
Paging programmatically, enabling, 500-502
Paging property page, 496
Property Builder, 493-494
DataGrid control, 307-344
avoiding plus (+) sign in, 813
basics,307-308
building DataGrid record navigation system, 335-338
Button Columns, using with, 591-594
class properties and methods, 309-312
columns
Chapter hiding,
14 - Developing
332-334 Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
Chapter reshuffling,
15 - Using ADO.NET
326-331 in Xml Web Services
Chapter
creating editable, Server
16 - ASP.NET Controls and Data Binding
598-604
custom sorting in, 334 Web Applications
data18binding
Chapter in, 306-307 Mapping in .NET
- Object-Relational
DataGrid
Chapter and DataGrid
19 - Mapped Objects:Column stylesConsiderations and Data Binding
Performance
Chapter DataGrid
20 - COM Columns' Style,and
Interoperability Getting Using DataGridColumnStyle (code listing), 330-331
ADO.NET
Chapter DataGrid Control's Columns, Sorting (code listing), 334
21 - Messaging
Chapter DataGridColumnStyle, Getting Notes
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Current
on (code listing), 333-334
Performance
AppendixDataGridTableStyle and DataGridColumnStyle,
A - Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts 321-324
DataGridTableStyle and DataGridColumnStyle in action, 321-324
DataGrid Column Header Name, Getting (code listing), 332 and DataGrid Column styles, 313-321
basics,313
Index
caption properties, setting, 320-321
List of Figures
coloring and font styles, 320
List of Tables
DataGridBoolColumn class, 317-318
List of Listings
DataGridBoolColumn Class, Creating (code listing), 318
List of Sidebars
DataGridColumnStyle class, 316-317
DataGrid's Caption Properties (code listing), 321
DataGrid's Color and Font Properties, Using (code listing), 320
DataGridStyle, constructing and adding, 315-316
DataGridTableStyle class, 314
DataGridTableStyle, Creating and Adding (code listing), 315
DataGridTableStyle from CurrencyManager (code listing), 316
GridColumnStyles property, 314
GridTableStyleCollection members, 314-315
sorting and Navigation, setting, 318-319
DataGrid control events, calling, 589-590
DataGrid Control's Next and Previous Page Text, Setting Image as (code listing), 501
DataGrid's PageStyle Modes, Setting (code listing), 501
helper objects, 312-313
by 324-334
HitTest method, Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
DataGrid.HitTestInfo class, 324-326
This text
getting column provides
header name, extensive
332 coverage of ADO.NET technology
hiding DataGrid columns, 332-334
reshufflingnamespaces
DataGrid columns, 326-331
inserting, updating, and deleting through DataGrids, 342-344
ADO.NET.
rows, determining number in, 815
searching a DataGrid, 338-342
Tablesupporting
of Contentstemplates, 548
DataGrid Web server control, 582-607
Introduction
Button Columns, using with, 591-594
calling DataGrid events, 589-590
columns
Chapter customizing
and Environments
rearranging, 587-589
Chapter understanding,
4 - ADO.NET in Connected
586-587 Environments
creating ADO.NET Events
programmatically, 582
DataGrid XML with
Control's Style ADO.NET
Properties, Setting (code listing), 585-586
DataGrid with Button Columns (code Forms Data-Bound
listing), 593-594Controls
DataGridColumn
Chapter 8 - Constraints class, using,Relations
and Data 587
DataGridCommandEventArgs
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception Handlingclass, 591
editable
Chapter DataGrid,
10 - Working creating,
with the ODBC598-604
.NET Data Provider
sorting
Chapter 11 -and searching
Stored in, 605-607
styles,
Chapter 12 setting,
- Oracle,584-586
Chapter 13 - Developing ausing
Template Columns, Customwith,
Data594-598
Provider
DataKeyCollection
Chapter class
14 - Developing (Web Forms),
Database 563
Chapter 15Web
DataList - Using ADO.NET
server in 564-582
control, Xml Web Services
Chapter
Data16Binding
- ASP.NET Server
in (code Controls
listing), and Data Binding
564-566
DataKeys, 571 Real-World Web Applications
DataList
Chapter Control's Properties,
18 - Object-Relational Setting
Mapping (code listing), 568-569
in .NET
DataList
Chapter Control's
19 - Mapped Styles,Performance
Objects: Settings (code listing), 570-571
DataList
Chapter events,
20 - COM 571-573
editing,
Chapter 21 -updating,
Messagingand deleting through, 573-581
multiple
Chapter columns,
22 - SQL Servergrid
andlines, and alternating
ADO.NET: rows, setting, 568-569
properties
setting,566-567
setting with VS .NET IDE, 581-582
setting style and templates of, 569-571
Index
supporting templates, 548
List of Figures
DataReader
List of Tables
basics,160-161
List of Listings
Command Behaviors, 165-166
List of Sidebars
counting total records in, 844
vs. DataSet, 193
end of file, discovering, 844
Executing Batches Using (code listing), 164-165
initializing,161
interpreting batches of queries, 164-165
introduction to, 75
Oracle-Specific DataReader Methods, Using (code listing), 423
reading fast data using, 421-423
reading with, 162-164
Reads Data From SQL Server Database (code listing), 162-164
retrieving data with, 775-776
sorting records using, 845
DataRelations Apress 2003 (928 pages)
DataRelation and DataRelationCollection objects, 354-358
DataRelation,including
CreatingADO.NET
a (code listing), 355
DataRelation,interfaces,
Creating Customer/Order Relationship
and takes a comprehensive Using
look (code listing), 100
at XML
DataRelation namespaces and classes,
Properties, Getting (codeand how to
listing), integrate both with
356-357
fundamentals,ADO.NET.
99-100
DataRow class properties and methods, 94-95
Table of Contents
DataRowCollection class, 115-116
Introduction
DataRows
DataRowState
Chapter 2
enumeration, 98-99
DataRowState members, 843
DataRowView class, 118
fundamentals,94-99
DataSet
Chapter 6 objects
AcceptChanges
Chapter 7
method, 127
basics,121-122
vs. commands, 776
in connected environments, 188-194
accepting and rejecting changes through DataSet, 191-192
adding, updating, and deleting through DataSet, 190-191
Chapter vs. 12 DataReader,
- Oracle, SQLXML,193 and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter fetching
13 - Developing
data baseda Custom Data Provider
on wildcard characters, 194
Chapter Filling
14 - Developing
DataSet fromDatabase Webtables,
multiple Applications
188-189using ASP.NET
Chapter saving
15 - Using
onlyADO.NET
changedindata,
Xml 192-193
Web Services
Chapter SQL 16 - statement
to read and Data
data from two orBinding
more tables, 190
copying,
Chapter cloning,Real-World
17 - Building and clearing,
Web125
Applications
copying
Chapter 18 - contents of, 822-823
creating, 122
DataSet
Chapter format,
20 - COM displaying XML
Interoperability anddata in, 270
ADO.NET
DataSet Rows,
Chapter 21 - Messaging Adding, Editing, Deleting (code listing), 190-191
DataSetName property, 122
DataSetView properties, 132
DataTables, adding to, 172
DataTables, attaching to, 124-125
DataView components and, 51-57
Index
typed DataSets in VS .NET, 51-54
List of Figures
understanding DataView, 54-57
List of
in Tables
DataViews, 21-22
List of Listings
defined, 8,120
List of Sidebars
events, 220-221
Filling, 170-171
Filling from multiple views, 411
fundamentals,121-128
getting changed rows of, 125-126
getting column names and data types from, 814
merging DataRow, DataTable or DataSet, 126-127
vs. object-relational mapping, 638
properties,122-124
to read data, 28-31
reading XML using, 262-264
ReadXml method, 127
ReadXmlSchema method, 127
vs. RecordSets, 12
RejectChanges by method,
Mahesh Chand
127 and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
retrieving data with, 775-776 (928 pages)
saving data toThis

XML,text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
271-272
structure,20-21
typed and untyped, 51-54,and
namespaces 127-128
WriteXml method, 127
ADO.NET.
WriteXmlSchema method, 127
writing XML using, 264-267
TableXmlDataDocument
of Contents and, 272
DataSource and DataMember Properties of a DataGrid Control, Setting (code listing), 307
Introduction
DataTables
adding
Chapter 2 -DataColumns to, 90-92
adding -DataSet
Chapter 3
to, 172
attaching to DataSet objects, 124-125
class properties and methods, 101
columns, hiding, 814
CreateCustomersTable Relations
Method, 107-109
DataTable and DataView, searching using, 339-341
DataTable withAdding
Objects, the ODBC
to a.NET Data(code
DataSet Provider
listing), 124-125
DataTableCollection class, 124 and Views
DataTableMapping and
to Map Other Table
Orders .NET Data Providers (code listing), 179
of Northwind
DataTableMapping
Chapter 13 - Developing awith TableData
Custom Option, Using (code listing), 179-180
Provider
DataTable.Rows.Add
Chapter method,
14 - Developing Database 95 Applications using ASP.NET
Web
DeleteRowsBtn_ClickMethod,
Chapter 15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml 110-112
Web Services
events,
Chapter 16 -221-226
multiple
Chapter constraints
17 - Building and, 349
Saving DataTable in XML Documents,
Chapter 18 - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET 114
SearchButtonClick Method, 112-113
Sorting Data Using Select Method, 113-114
working with, 83-119
DataColumnCollection class, 116-117
DataColumns.See DataColumns DataRelations, 99-100
AppendixDataRowCollection
B - Commonly Usedclass,SQL Statements
115-116
AppendixDataRows,
C - ADO.NET Frequently
94-99 Asked Questions
Index fundamentals, 83-85
List of Figures
List of Tables
DataViews
List of Listings
class properties and methods, 128-129
List of Sidebars
in connected environments, 194-208
batches, executing, 206-208
concurrency, using, 201-204
multiple views, creating, 195-197
transactions and concurrency, 198-200
transactions, using, 200-201
DataSets in, 21-22
DataView and DataViewManager events, 229-231
DataView Event Handler Caller (code listing), 230-231
DataView OnListChanged Event Handler (code listing), 230
DataViewManager,132
relationship toApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
DataSets and DataAdapters, 121
by Mahesh
understanding, 54-57 Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
DBTools Manager, 381
dead letter queues (system),
including 726 internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET
deadlocks,791 namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
debugging custom data providers, 464
default Web Form (guest book), 508-511
Table of Contents
DefaultViewManager property, 123
Delete methods
Introduction
DataRow, 96
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
DataView,130 Basics
DELETE statements, 534,802-803
DeleteCommand
Chapter event
4 - ADO.NET handler, 577
DeleteCommand
Chapter Property
5 - Handling of DataAdapter,
ADO.NET Events Setting (code listing), 176
DeleteRowsBtn_ClickMethod ADO.NET
deleting
data (ASP.NET), 507
data binding, 307
Deleting a Queuewith the listing),
(code ODBC .NET738 Data Provider
Deleting Data on Delete Button Click (code listing), 507
inserting, SQLXML,through
and updating and Other .NET Data
DataGrids, Providers
342-344
updating, a through
and editing Custom Data Provider
DataList control, 573-581
denormalization
Chapter 15 - 786
defined, Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
of tables, 768 Server Controls and Data Binding
dependencies, managing (Video Store Application), 661-662
design 19
Chapter tradeoffs,
- Mapped665-673
component isolation, 666-667
component isolation workaround, 667-670
stored procedures, logic in, 665-666
VideoCheckInCheckOut test case, 670-673
designerBvs.
Appendix manual development
- Commonly mode, 775
Used SQL Statements
detail table,
Appendix loading when
C - ADO.NET master
Frequently is loaded,
Asked 703-704
Questions
Index
determinant columns, 785
List of Figures
Determining State of a Row (code listing), 118
List of Tables
DiffGrams
List of Listings
Format (code listing), 840-841
List of Sidebars
Reading (code listing), 841-842
Dimension Members, Getting (code listing), 723-724
dirty reads, 788
disconnected classes, 74,81-83
disconnected data components, 51
disconnected environments, ADO.NET
in.SeeADO.NET in disconnected
environments
discovery files (Service1.disco), 527
Discovery Service Protocol, 517
DisplayData.aspxby Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
HTML View (code listing), 624-627
Online Job Board Application, 623-632
Displaying Customers Table's
including Data internals,
ADO.NET in DataGrid Using SqlDataAdapter
namespaces, classes, and (code listing), 174-175
displaying data, 25-26
Displaying OrdersADO.NET.
Table Data in DataGrid Using OleDbAdapter (code listing), 173-174
Dispose method (connections), 143,148
Table
DLL of Contents
hell, 10
dnjHeader.aspx page (Online Job Board Application), 632-633
Introduction
Document-Outline
Chapter 1
viewer, 475-476
ADO.NET Basics
documents
adding
Chapter 3 -nodes to, 256
closing
Chapter 4 -XML, 245-246
XML5 classes,
Chapter 234ADO.NET Events
- Handling
DOM (Document
Chapter Object
6 - Integrating Model)
XML with ADO.NET
implementation,
Chapter 251-260
Chapter adding attributesand
8 - Constraints to nodes, 259-260
Data Relations
Chapter saving documents,
9 - ADO.NET 253 Handling
Exception
Chapter XmlDocument class,
10 - Working with the 252-253
XmlDocumentFragment class, 253-254
XmlElement class, 254-259
XmlNode class, 252
interfaces,237
Done Button
Chapter ClickADO.NET
15 - Using Event Handler (codeServices
in Xml Web listing), 620,623
drag-and-drop
Chapter design-time
16 - ASP.NET Server feature,
Controls 485
and Data Binding
driver manager, Real-World
ODBC, 2-3 Web Applications
DROP TABLE statements, 803-804
DropDownList Control
Data Binding (code listing), 559-560
using,558-560
Duwamish7
Appendix demo application,
A - Relational 639
dynamicBcursors,
Appendix 786-787
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
E This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
editing
Editable DataGrid (code listing),
namespaces 601-604
Editable DataList Control (code listing), 578-581
ADO.NET.
EditCommand event handler, 576
EditCommandColumn class, 599
TableEditing
of Contents
Rows Using BeginEdit, CancelEdit, and EndEdit methods (code listing), 119
EditItemTemplate Data-Driven
code, 575-576 Solutions
Introduction
updating, and deleting through DataList control, 573-581
editors, ASP.NET, 466-467
Employees.xls,
Chapter 3
Accessing Using ODBC Data Provider (code listing), 390
encapsulation
Chapter (OR mapping),
4 - ADO.NET 637Environments
in Connected
Chapter 5 -Messages,
Encrypted Handling ADO.NET
SendingEvents
(code listing), 751
encrypting messages, 750-751
EnforceConstraints property, 123
Enterprise
Chapter 9 -Resource Planning (ERP)
ADO.NET Exception Handlingsystems, 438
Enumerator, with the ODBC
Implementation for an.NET Data
(code Provider
listing), 442
environments
ADO.NET SQLXML, See
in connected. and ADO.NET
Other .NETin
Data Providers
connected environments
ADO.NET a Custom
in disconnected. Data
See Provider in disconnected environments
ADO.NET
error logs, SQL Server, 370
error messages and custom filters, 364-365
error severity
Chapter levels,Real-World
17 - Building 368-369 Web Applications
event handlers, Mapping in .NET
defined, 209-210
events
ColumnChanged, 222-223 and ADO.NET
Connection, 211-215
DataAdapter, 215-220and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
DataSet, 220-221 Databases: Some Basic Concepts
DataTable, 221-226Used SQL Statements
DataView
Appendix and DataViewManager,
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked 229-231
Questions
IndexFillError, 215, 217
handling
List of Figures ADO.NET. SeeADO.NET events, handling
InfoMessage,
List of Tables 211-212
ListChanged,
List of Listings 229-230
MergeFailed,
List of Sidebars 220-221
RowChanged, 222,224
RowDeleted, 222,225-226
RowUpdating and RowUpdated, 216,218-219
StateChange,211-212
XmlDataDocument,226-229
Excel databases, accessing, 389-390
exception handling in ADO.NET, 359-374
advantages of using, 360-365
custom filters and error messages, 364-365
nesting Try...Catch statements, 363
Try...Catch statements, 361-362
Try...Catch with multiple Catch statements, 363-364
Try...Catch...Finally statements, 362
code listings by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Custom Filter and Error Message, Defining, 364-365
This text provides
Nested Try...Catch extensive
and Multiple Catchcoverage of ADO.NET technology
Blocks, 363-364
Opening a File, 360
Reading Data from SQL
namespaces andServer, 371-373
Simple Exception
ADO.NET. Handling Block, 361
Simple Try...Catch Block, 362
SqlError and SqlErrorCollection objects, 373-374
Table of Try...Catch...Finally
Contents Statement, 362
Exception classes, 365-366
Introduction
Chapter
SQL1 Server
- ADO.NET
2000 Basics
Chapter 2 368-369
errors, - Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
SQL3 Server
Chapter error logs,
- ADO.NET 370
SqlError
Chapter and SqlErrorCollection
4 - ADO.NET classes, 373-374
SqlException
Chapter class,
5 - Handling 371-373
ADO.NET Events
System.Data
Chapter Exception
6 - Integrating XML classes, 366-368
with ADO.NET
Chapter 7 - Data
Exchanging BindingClick
the Button and Windows Forms listing),
Handler (code Data-Bound
329 Controls
ExecuteNonQuery and Data
method, Relations
158-159
ExecuteQuery Method (code listing), 534
ExecuteReader
Chapter method,
11 - Stored 165 and Views
Procedures
ExecuteScalar
Chapter method,
12 - Oracle, 158-160
ExecuteScalar Method atoCustom Data
Retrieve Provider
Single Value (code listing), 160
ExecuteSQL Method (code listing), 504
ExecuteSqlQuery
Chapter Method
16 - ASP.NET Server(code listing),
Controls 420 Binding
and Data
ExecuteXmlReader
Chapter method, 158
Chapter 18 -Multiple
Executing Object-Relational Mapping
SQL Queries UsinginSqlTransaction
.NET (code listing), 207-208
Executing mySP Stored Procedure Using SQL Data Provider (code listing), 400-401
Export Text Wizard, 383-385
ExtendedProperties
Chapter property,
22 - SQL Server 93,123 Notes on Performance
and ADO.NET:
Appendix
external Atransactions
- Relational (message
Databases:queuing),
Some Basic Concepts
747
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
F This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
fields, defined, 779
Fifth Normal Form namespaces and classes,
(5NF or PJ/NF), 786 and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Fill methods
defined, 170,188
TableFill
of method
Contentsof a DataAdapter, Calling (code listing), 177
FillDataGrid
Applied and Form_Load
ADO.NETBuilding Methods
Data-Driven (code listing), 328
Solutions
FillDataGrid and Page_Load Methods (code listing), 627,629
Introduction
FillDataGrid
Chapter Method
1 - ADO.NET (code listings), 305,323324,341,419420,503
Basics
FillDataSet Method Generated
Chapter 2 - Data Components in Visual by Data Form
Studio .NETWizard (code listing), 69
FillPartialData Method (code listing), 628
FillSchema method of SqlDataAdapter, Using (code listing), 172
FillError5 event,
Chapter 215,217
Chapter
Filling a6 DataSet,
498499
Chapter
Filling a7 DataSet
- Data Binding
from TwoandTables
Windows Forms
(code Data-Bound
listing), 354 Controls
Filling Data From Database to Data-Bound Controls (code listing), 478480
Filling Data
Chapter From Multiple
10 - Working Tables
with the ODBC(code listing),
.NET Data 188189
Provider
Filling data
Chapter 11 - to DataSet
Stored or DataReader
Procedures object, 25
and Views
Filling DataSets fromSQLXML, and
multiple Other411
views, .NET Data Providers
Filling DatSet From DataAdapter (code listing), 498499
filtering15 - Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Chapter
custom filters, 364365
filter statements, defined, 112
Filtering Queues Based on Category, Machine Name, and Label (code listing), 733734
queues,734735
Finding20
Chapter Rows in DataView
- COM Usingand
Interoperability Find Method (code listing), 131
ADO.NET
FindRow
Chapter 21 method (DataView), 131
- Messaging
Chapter
firehose22cursor,
- SQL 161
First ASP.NET Application (code listing), 486487
First Normal Form (1NF), 780782
Font and Color Properties, Using DataGrid's (code listing), 320
Index
List of Figures
FoodMart 2000 database, 718
List of Tables
FOR XML keyword, 427428
List of Listings
FOREIGN KEY
List of Sidebars
Constraint, Creating (code listing), 347348
constraints, defined, 346
ForeignKeyConstraint class, 346348
foreign keys (relational databases), 779
form designer, creating templates with, 551
Form Load Event Handler (code listing), 304
Format and Parse Event Handlers, Adding (code listing), 292
Format event, 291292
Format property page, 496497
Formatting BoundColumn's Header and Footers (code listing), 588589
Form_Load and FillDataGrid Methods (code listing), 328
Form's Constructor Calling CreateCustomersTable,
by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot CreateOrdersTable, and BindData (code listing), 101
ISBN:1590590732
Apress
Form's Load Event Handler (code
2003 listing), 5051
(928 pages)
This (code
Form's Load Method text provides
listing),extensive
forward-only cursors, 161,786787
Fourth Normal Form (4NF), 785
ADO.NET.
FoxPro,4
Frequently
Table Asked Questions, ADO.NET, 811845
of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
G This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Generate Datasetincluding ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
property, 46-47
Generic Data Access Class (code listing),and how to integrate both with
771-773
ADO.NET.
Generic Data Access Class, Using (code listing), 774-775
generic data access components, writing, 770-775
Table of Contents
GetAttributes of a node (XML), 243-244
GetBlockedCategory Stored Procedure (code listing), 692-693
Introduction
GetChanges
Chapter methodBasics
1 - ADO.NET
defined,
Chapter 2 - 125,
Data192
saving
Chapter 3 -data and, 777
using,
Chapter 4 842
GetOrdersFromDatabase Events
Method (code listing), 521
GetPageData Method (code listing), 816
grid lines, multiple columns, and alternating rows, 568-569
GridColumnStyles
Chapter property,
9 - ADO.NET 314
Exception Handling
GridTableStyleCollection
Chapter members,
10 - Working with the 314-315
Chapter 11 - Stored
guest book, Procedures
creating and 507-515
(ASP.NET), Views
Chapter 12 -507-508
basics, Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
compiling a Custom
and running, Data Provider
514-515
Chapter 14 -Web
default Developing Database Web Applications
Form: MyGuestBook.aspx, using ASP.NET
508-511
Guest
Chapter 15 Data, Adding
- Using to Databases
ADO.NET in Xml Web(code listing), 510
Services
Web16Forms,
Chapter adding,
- ASP.NET 511-514
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
H This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
HasChanges method, 126,192
namespaces
HasErrors property, 123 and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
hash tables, 93
helper classes, DataGrid, 312-313
Table of Contents
Hitchhiker's Guide to Visual Basic and SQL Server,760
HitTest method, 324-334
Introduction
DataGrid.HitTestInfo
Chapter class, 324-326
1 - ADO.NET Basics
getting -column
Chapter 2
header name, 332
hiding DataGrid columns, 332-334
HitTest in Action (code listing), 325-326
reshuffling DataGrid columns, 326-331
HTML 6
of FancyBinding
Chapter 7
Page (code listing), 681-682
Page of Lazy Loading Page (code listing), 696-697
server controls, 481
Side of TestDataGrid Page (code listing), 677-678
of TestGridObjects Page (code listing), 679-680
View, creating templates with, 549-551
Chapter
View12of- asp:DataGrid
Oracle, SQLXML, andlisting),
(code Other .NET
501 Data Providers
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), 517
HTTP-post
Chapter 15 - and HTTP-get,
Using 518
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
I This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ID, Address, and including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Name Columns of DataRow, Setting Values of (code listing), 95
ID and Name Data Columns of Customers and how to
Table, integrate
Creating bothlisting),
(code with 90
ADO.NET.
IDataReader
interface properties and methods, 441-442
TableMeta-Data,
of Contents812-813
IDataRecord Data-Driven
interface properties andSolutions
methods, 442-443
Introduction
IDbCommand interface properties and methods, 440-441
IDbConnection interface properties and methods, 439-440
IDbDataAdapter
Chapter interface/object
3 - ADO.NET properties
in Disconnected and methods, 444-445
Environments
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
IDE (Integrated in Connected
Development Environments
Environment), 33,39,466
identity, mapped object, 637
IEnumerable, 675
Image,8Button,
Chapter and TextBox
- Constraints Controls,
and Data Data Binding in (code listing), 561-562
Relations
Chapter
Imports9directive,
- ADO.NET137Exception Handling
Incremental with the
Lazy Loading ODBCProcedure
Stored .NET Data Provider
(code listing), 701
indexing
improving SQL Server performance using, 753-757
index strings, 694
Index Tuning Wizard, 760
Chapter 15 - views,
indexed Using ADO.NET
809 in Xml Web Services
selecting columns for, 757-758
InfiniteTimeout method, 745
InfoMessage
Chapter and StateChange
19 - Mapped events, Writing
Objects: Performance Event Handlers
Considerations for
and Data (code listing), 213
Binding
InfoMessage
Chapter event,
20 - COM 211-212
Chapter 21 - Messaging properties, 212
InfoMessageEventArgs
injection, SQL, 810
INSERT statements, 805
InsertAt C
Appendix and RemoveAt
- ADO.NET Methods,
Frequently Using
Asked (code listing), 116
Questions
Index
inserting, deleting, and updating through DataGrids, 342-344
List of Figures
Inserting XML Fragment into Document (code listing), 259
List of Tables
InsertOrder method, 530
List of Listings
interfaces,
List data provider, 438-445
of Sidebars
Command objects, 440-441
Connection objects, 439-440
grouped by function, 438
Reader objects, 441-443
internal transactions (message queuing), 747
Internet Explorer Web controls package, 693
interoperability
COM.SeeCOM interoperability
marshaling,710
isolation, component, 666-670
isolation levels
definition and Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
fundamentals, 788-789
for transactions, 200-201Chand and David Talbot
by Mahesh ISBN:1590590732
ItemTemplate code, 574
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
J This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
joins and aliases,including
806-807ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
namespaces
journal queues (system), 726and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
K This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
keyset cursors, 786-787
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
L This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
language support, ASP.NET, 466
namespaces and199
last in wins concurrency control, classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
lazy loading, 695-705
leaf pages, 756
Table of Contents
ListBox Control
binding methods and, 300
Introduction
and ComboBox Controls, Binding (code listing), 305-306
and ComboBox, data binding in, 304-306
Chapter
Data2 Binding
- Data in
(code listing), Studio .NET
557-558
Chapter 3 -Control
ListBox ADO.NET in Disconnected
Event Environments
Handler, Adding (code listing), 302-303
Chapter 4 556-558
using, - ADO.NET in Connected Environments
ListChanged event, 229-230
ListControl- class,
Chapter 7
301-302
ListControl
Chapter 8 - class (Web and
Constraints Forms),
Data 555-556
Relations
Chapter 9 - DataBinding-related
ListControl ADO.NET Exception Handling
events, 302-303
listings. Seecode listings
Load method (XmlDocument class), 252-253
LoadData
Chapter 13 -and GetDataSet
Developing Methods
a Custom Data(code listing), 298-299
Provider
LoadDataSet Database Web
Method Generated Applications
by Data using ASP.NET
Form Wizard (code listing), 68-69
LoadXml method, 269 in Xml Web Services
LOBs (Large Object Binary data types), 425
locking,18
Chapter 788-791
isolation
Chapter levels, 788-789
locking modes, 790-791
locks, avoiding,
Chapter 766
21 - Messaging
Chapter 22 - SQL
Login Button Server
Click and
Event ADO.NET:
Handler Notes
Code on listing),
(code Performance
613
Login.aspx page (Online Job Board Application), 612-615
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
M This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
managed classes, 10
namespaces
managed code, 10,709 and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
manual coding vs. IDE, 39
manual vs. designer development mode, 775
Table of Contents
mapped objects
caching mechanism, near-zero- impact, 706708
Introduction
code listings
Adding Videos() Array to VideoCategory Object, 695696
Chapter Code-Behind
File of TestDataGrid .NET 676677
Program,
Chapter Code-Behind
3 - ADO.NETObjectin Disconnected Environments
of FancyBinding Page, 682684
Chapter Code-Behind
4 - ADO.NETObjectin Connected Environments
of LazyLoading Page, 697700
Chapter GetBlockedCategory
Stored Procedure, 692693
Chapter HTML
6 - Integrating XML with
of FancyBinding ADO.NET
Page, 681682
Chapter HTML of TestGridObjects
7 - Data Binding and WindowsPage,Forms
679680
Data-Bound Controls
HTML Page of Lazy Loading
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations Page, 696697
Chapter HTML Side of TestDataGrid
9 - ADO.NET Page, 677678
Exception Handling
Incremental Lazy Loading Stored
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data Procedure,
Provider701
Theoretical Shopping Cart
Chapter 11 - Stored Procedures and Views Example, 680681
Chapter VideoCategory and Related
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, Objects,
and Other 686691
.NET Data Providers
VideoCategoryIndexer, 701703
VideoCategoryIndexer Test Case, 703704
WeakCache Object, 707708
creating,644648
data binding and, 675684
bound objects, accessing properties of, 678680
Chapter bound
objects, using logic with,in680685
.NET
Chapter connection
strings, Performance Considerations and Data Binding
676
Chapter 20 - COM
definition and Interoperability
fundamentals, and 641ADO.NET
Chapter
large21master-detail
- Messaging relationships, 694705
Chapter incremental
22 - SQL Server
lazyand ADO.NET:
loading schemes,Notes700705
on Performance
AppendixlazyA - loading, 695700
Appendixloading detail when
B - Commonly Usedmaster is loaded, 705
SQL Statements
master-detail relationships, problematic,
Appendix C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions 684694
Index highly nested structures, 685691
large tree structures, 691693
List of Figures
tree optimization, 693694
List of Tables
mappings
List of Listings
column,45
List of Sidebars
object-relational in .NET. Seeobject- relational (OR) mapping in .NET
table,4546
marshaling, interoperability, 710
master-detail relationships
defined, 99
problematic,684694
highly nested structures, 685691
large tree structures, 691693
tree optimization, 693694
working with large, 694705
incremental lazy loading schemes, 700705
lazy loading, 695700
loading detail when master is loaded, 705
materialized views, 809
MaxLength property,
This 9394
Merging including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
DataRow andnamespaces
DataTable Objects (code
and classes, listing),
and how to127
integrate both with
DataRow, DataTable
ADO.NET. or DataSet, 126127
Merge method, 126127
MergeFailed event, 220221
TableMergeFailed
of ContentsEvent Handler, Calling (code listing), 220221
Applied
TwoADO.NETBuilding
DataSet Objects Data-Driven Solutions
(code listing), 189
Introduction
Two DataSets (code listing), 126127
MessagePriority Enumeration members, 746
messaging,725752
code listings
Creating a Queue, 737
Deleting a Queue, 738
Encrypted Messages, Sending, 751
Chapter Filtering
7 - Data BindingBased
Queues and Windows Forms Data-Bound
on Category, Controls
Machine Name, and Label, 733734
Chapter Getting
8 - Constraints
a Queue's and Data Relations
Properties, 738
Chapter Private
and Public Handling
Queues, Retrieving, 732733
Chapter Receiving
10 - Working with thefrom
Messages ODBC a .NET Data
Queue, Provider
743744
Chapter Sending
11 - Stored
andProcedures
Receiving and Views
Transactional Messages, 749750
Chapter Sending Messages
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, toand
a Queue, 743 Data Providers
Other .NET
encrypting messages, 750751
message
Chapter queuing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
14 - Developing
creating
Chapter 15 - Using and deletinginmessage
ADO.NET Xml Web queues
Servicesprogrammatically, 735736
fundamentals, 725
Chapter installing, 726727
managing queues with VS .NET, 731732
MessageQueue class properties, 729730
MessageQueue instance, creating, 738739
MessageQueueCriteria, filtering queues with, 734735
MessageQueueTransaction class, 747
queue path, setting, 739740
Appendixretrieving
A - Relational Databases:
available queues,Some Basic Concepts
732734
Appendixsample
B - Commonly Usedcreating,
application, SQL Statements
736738
Appendixsending
C - ADO.NET Frequently
and receiving Asked Questions
messages, 740741
Index simple messaging application, creating, 741745
List of Figures
System.Messaging namespace, 727728
types of message queues, 725726
List of Tables
transactional
List of Listings messaging, 747750
working
List of Sidebarswith messages, 745750
creating and removing, 745
setting queue and message priorities, 746
meta-data, defined, 780
MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) overview, 5
Microsoft Access, 4,43
Microsoft Data Access Technologies, overview, 27
ADO,6
ADO.NET,67
DAO,45
MFC,5
ODBC,24
OLE DB, 56 Applied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
RDO, 5 by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ), 725
Microsoft .NET Class Library,
including 465 internals, namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET
Microsoft Transaction Server and
namespaces (MTS), 7 and how to integrate both with
classes,
ADO.NET.
Microsoft Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) Business Registry, 526
Microsoft Visual Studio .NET (VS .NET). SeeVisual Studio .NET
Table of Contents
Microsoft.Data.Odbc namespace, 377,
Microsoft.Data.SqlXml namespace, 427
Introduction
Mobile Internet
Chapter 1
Toolkit, ASP.NET, 388 466467
- ADO.NET Basics
Move Next,
Chapter MoveComponents
2 - Data Previous, Move First,Studio
in Visual Move.NET
Last Button Code (code listing), 299
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
MoveToContent in Disconnected
method (nodes), 242Environments
MoveToContent Method, Using (code listing), 243
MoveToMethod (nodes), 242
Moving7Record
Chapter - DataButton Click
Binding and Event Handlers
Windows (code listing),
Forms Data-Bound 337338
Controls
Chapter
Moving8to -Root
Constraints and
and First Data
Child Relations
Nodes Using XPathNavigator (code listing), 274275
msadomd.dll library, 718719 Handling
MSXML (Microsoft XML), 6
multi-item
Chapter 12 -data-bound controls,
Oracle, SQLXML, and 488
multiple13Catch
Chapter statements,
- Developing 363364
Chapter
multiple14columns,
grid lines, andWeb Applications
alternating rows,using ASP.NET
568569
multiple tables, filling DataSet from, 188189
multiple17views
creating,195197
filling DataSets from, 411
My Home
Chapter 20 -Page
COM and View Guestand
Interoperability Book Buttons (code listing), 514
ADO.NET
Chapter 21 -67
MyDS.xsd, Messaging
Chapter
MySQL22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Database
and .NET Databases:
data provider, 435 Some Basic Concepts
accessing, 380382Used SQL Statements
Accessing Frequently
(code listing), 382Asked Questions
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
N This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
namespaces
and classes overview,
namespaces13-14
data provider,ADO.NET.
38
importing,137
references, adding, 23-24
TableSystem.SqlClient,
of Contents 137-139
Navigation and DataGrid sorting, setting, 318-319
Introduction
nested 1data
Chapter relations,Basics
- ADO.NET 356
nested 2structures,
Chapter 685-691 in Visual Studio .NET
- Data Components
Chapter
nested 3transactions,
- ADO.NET 198
Nested Try...Catch and Multiple Catch Blocks (code listing), 363-364
nesting6Try...Catch
Chapter statements,
- Integrating XML with 363
ADO.NET
.NET 7
1.1 8updates,
Chapter implementing,
- Constraints and Data391
Relations
Base Class Library,
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET Exception14 Handling
Common
Chapter Language
10 - Working withRuntime
the ODBC (CLR) services,
.NET Data 1
Provider
data provider, MySQL and, 435
data providers, choosing, 22-23
Framework and XML, 233-238
Document Object Model (DOM) interfaces, 237
System.Xml namespace, 234-235
System.Xml namespace reference, adding, 238
System.Xml.Schema namespace, 235
Chapter System.Xml.Serialization
namespace, 236
Chapter System.Xml.XPath
18 - Object-Relational Mapping in 236
namespace, .NET
Chapter System.Xml.Xsl
namespace, 236 Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter XML
20 - COM
.NETInteroperability and ADO.NET
architecture, 237-238
Framework Class Library, 366
Framework
Chapter 22 - SQLinterop
Server tools, 710-712 Notes on Performance
and ADO.NET:
AppendixType Library Exporter
A - Relational (Tlbexp.exe),
Databases: Some Basic712
Concepts
Type Library Importer (Tlbimp.exe),
Appendix B - Commonly Used SQL Statements 711
AppendixVisual Studio .NET,
C - ADO.NET 710 Asked Questions
Frequently
Index Framework Library
data providers in, 38
List of Figures
server-side controls and, 483-485
List of Tables
XML Web services and, 518
List of Listings
Runtime Class Library, 76
List of Sidebars
Software Development Kit (SDK), 376,710
XML API, 237
New Query Wizard (Access), 43
nodes
Adding a Node With Attributes (code listing), 260
adding attributes to, 259-260
adding to documents, 256
GetAttributes of (XML), 243-244
getting root, 256
node information, getting (XML), 239-242
NodeChanged Event Handler (code listing), 228
NodeInserted Event Handler (code listing), 229
NodeRemoved Event Handler (code listing), 229
Nodes, AddingbytoMahesh Chand (code
a Document and David Talbot
listing), 256 ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
removing and replacing, 257 (928 pages)
searching for This text244

(XML), provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
nonrepeatable reads, 788 and takes a comprehensive look at XML
interfaces,
normalization,780-786
ADO.NET.
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF), 780,785
Fifth Normal Form (5NF or PJ/NF), 786
TableFirst Normal Form (1NF), 780-782
of Contents
Fourth
Applied Normal Form (4NF),
ADO.NETBuilding 785 Solutions
Data-Driven
Second Normal Form (2NF), 782-784
Introduction
Third
Chapter 1 Normal Form
- ADO.NET (3NF), 784-785
Basics
NOT NULL
Chapter constraints,
2 - Data defined,
Components 345 Studio .NET
in Visual
NotSupportedException, 445-447 Environments
null values, 647
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
O This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
object databases,including
639640 ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
namespaces
object-relational (OR) mappingandinclasses, and how to integrate both with
.NET, 637673
ADO.NET.
advantages of, 640
code listings
SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser,665
Table of Contents
User Object in the User Component, 655656
UserData Object in the User Component, 656657
Introduction
UserDataAccess Object in the User Component, 657659
UserTestCase Object, 660661
VideoCheckInCheckOut Component, Test Case for, 671673
Chapter VideoCheckInCheckOut
Object, 667670
Chapter VideoTape
Component, Test Case for, 653654
Chapter VideoTape
Object, Events
645648
Chapter VideoTapeData
Object, 643644
Chapter VideoTapeDataAccess
7 - Data Binding and WindowsObject, Forms Data-Bound Controls
648652
DataSet
Chapter inadequacy,
8 - Constraints 638
and Data Relations
design
Chapter 9 -tradeoffs,
ADO.NET 665673
Exception Handling
Chapter component
10 - Working isolation,
with the 666667
Chapter component
11 - Stored isolation
Procedures workaround,
and Views 667670
Chapter stored procedures,
12 - Oracle, SQLXML, logic
andin, 665666
VideoCheckInCheckOut test case,
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider creating, 670673
fundamentals, 637
object databases, 639640
Video Store Application, basic design, 640665
Check In/Check Out component, 663665
data access component, 648652
data object, 643644
Chapter database
design, Performance Considerations and Data Binding
641643
Chapter dependencies,
managing,and ADO.NET
661662
Chapter mapped
21 - Messaging
object, 644648
Chapter User
22 - SQL Server and
component, ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
654659
AppendixUser
A - Relational
test case, 659661 Some Basic Concepts
Databases:
Appendixvideo tape test case,
B - Commonly building,
Used SQL 652654
Statements
ODBC .NET Frequently
data provider, Asked Questions
375391
IndexAccess databases, accessing, 378380
List of Figures
basics, 375
List of Tables
code listings
Employees.xls, Accessing Using ODBC Data Provider, 390
List of Listings
MySQL Database, Accessing, 382
List of Sidebars
Reading Data from Northwind Using ODBC Data Provider, 379380
TextDB.txt file, Accessing, 388
Excel databases, accessing, 389390
installing,376377
MySQL databases, accessing, 380382
.NET 1.1 updates, implementing, 391
ODBC .NET data provider classes, 377378
text file databases, accessing, 382388
accessing text files, 385388
exporting Access table to text file, 383385
ODBC (Open Database Connectivity)
basics,24
data source names (DSNs), 34,80,832833
drivers,80 by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
ODBC DSNs, Reading (code listing), 832833
This 38
OdbcConnection, text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
ODP.NET data provider, 414
OLAP (On-Line Analytical Processing)
ADO.NET.
server cubes, 718
server data, accessing, 718724
Table
OLEof DBContents
(Object Linking and Embedding Database)
Applied
OleDb data provider Data-Driven Solutions
ADO.NETBuilding
Introduction
compared to others, 80
Chapter implementing
1 - ADO.NET transactions
Basics in, 820821
Chapter Oracle databases
2 - Data and,in414
Components Visual Studio .NET
OleDb
Chapter 3 -Database, Connecting
ADO.NET in to (code
Disconnected listing), 143
Environments
OleDbCommand,
Chapter creating
4 - ADO.NET in andEnvironments
Connected using, 153154
OleDbCommand,
Chapter Using to Events
5 - Handling ADO.NET Access an Access Database (code listing), 154
OleDbConnection,
Chapter 6 - Integrating38
XML with ADO.NET
OleDbConnection
Chapter class,
7 - Data Binding and 140
OleDbDataAdapter
Chapter 8
command properties, 169
overview of, 56
services settings, 146147
On Error
Chapter 11statements (VB), 359and Views
- Stored Procedures
OnDataBinding
Chapter method,
12 - Oracle, 539and Other .NET Data Providers
SQLXML,
Chapter
Online 13
Job- Board
Application
database Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
schema, 610611
Chapter 15 - Using
developing, ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
611635
Chapter Contact.aspx
16 - ASP.NET page,
Server617618
Chapter DisplayData.aspx and Resumes.aspx
17 - Building Real-World pages, 623632
Web Applications
Chapter dnjHeader.aspx page,Mapping
18 - Object-Relational 632633in .NET
Chapter improving/modifying
19 - Mapped Objects:application,
Performance 635636
Chapter Login.aspx page, 612615and ADO.NET
Chapter PostJob.aspx page, 618620
21 - Messaging
Chapter PostResume.aspx page,
22 - SQL Server and 620623
Register.aspx page, 615616
running the application, 633635
specifications, 609610
Opening a File (code listing), 360
Index
optimistic
List concurrency
of Figures
ADO.NET
List of Tables default, 44
control,
List of 199
Listings
Optimistic
List of Sidebars Concurrency (code listing), 202203
optimistic locking, 790791
Oracle
Database, Connecting to (code listing), 417418
Enterprise Manager, 393
managed provider, 413
Oracle .NET data provider, 413426
adding reference to, 415
basics,413414
classes,416425
BFILEs and LOBs, reading, 425
connections, creating, 416418
OracleConnection class, 416417
OracleDataReader class, 421423
bydata
reading fast Mahesh
usingChand and David421423
DataReader, Talbot ISBN:1590590732
reading/writing data using DataAdapter, 423424
This textexecuting,
SQL commands, provides extensive
code listings
Connectingnamespaces
to an OracleandDatabase, 417418
Constructing SQL INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Queries, 421
ADO.NET.
ExecuteSqlQuery Method, 420
Table of Oracle-Specific
Contents DataReader Methods, 423
OracleDataAdapter, Data-Driven Solutions
Reading/Writing Data Using, 423424
Introduction
OracleDataReader, Reading Data Using, 422423
OracleClient data provider, 770
Ordinal and
Chapter 3
MaxLength properties, Using (code listing), 94
Ordinal4property,
Chapter 9394
Chapter
Output 5Parameter,
- HandlingExecuting
ADO.NET Stored
Events Procedures with (code listing), 404405
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
P This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Page and Controlincluding
classes ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
in data binding, 539
namespaces and classes, and
PageIndexChanged Handler of DataGrid Control how(code
to integrate both
listing), 500with
ADO.NET.
Page_Load and FillDataGrid Methods (code listing), 627,629
Page_Load Event Handler Code of ViewGuestBook.aspx (code listing), 512-513
Table of Contents
paging
in DataGrid control, 499-500
Introduction
defined, 708
enabling programmatically, 500-502
implementing in ADO.NET, in 815-820
Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
Implementing in Disconnected
in ADO.NET (code Environments
listing), 817-820
Chapter 4 -property
Paging ADO.NETpage,
in Connected
496 Environments
ParameterDirection members (stored procedures), 402
parameters
construction of, 184-187
Creating (code listing), 185-186
Using in Stored Procedures (code listing), 402-404
paranoid
Chapter 11 programming, 662 and Views
- Stored Procedures
parent/child
Chapter relationship,
12 - Oracle, SQLXML,99 and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter
parent 13 - Developing
table, 99 a Custom Data Provider
ParentRelations property (DataTable), 99-101
Parse and Format Event Handlers, Adding (code listing), 292
Parse event,
Chapter 291-292
Chapter 18 different
paths for - Object-Relational Mapping in .NET
queues, 739-740
Pessimistic Concurrency (code listing), 204
pessimistic concurrency control, 199
pessimistic
Chapter 22 - locking, 790-791
Appendix
phantomA records,
- Relational
788Databases: Some Basic Concepts
pipe-delimited format, Used
438 SQL Statements
piped format file, 446
Index
PipedDataAdapter
List of Figures object, 460-462
PipedDataCommand
List of Tables object, 449-453
List of Listings
PipedDataConnection object, 446-449
List of Sidebars
PipedDataProvider application, testing, 462-463
PipedDataProvider Test Case (code listing), 463
PipedDataReader object, 453-459
PJ/NF (Fifth Normal Form), 786
platform requirements, ASP.NET, 466
pooling
connection,145-149
Connection strings and, 777
session,146
Populating an Order in Database, Web Service Method for (code listing), 530-531
Post Job Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 619
Post Resume Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 622-623
Post Resume Page, Adding
Apress Options
2003 to (code listing), 621-622
(928 pages)
This618-620
PostJob.aspx page, text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
PostResume.aspx page, 620-623
namespaces
Prepare method (SqlCommand),and classes,
160 and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Preview Data property, 46-47
primary keys
Table of Contents
defined, 779
PRIMARY KEY constraints
Introduction
adding,352
Chapter defined,
1 - ADO.NET
345 Basics
Private Members (code listing), 196-197
Private4Queues,
Chapter Retrieving
- ADO.NET (code listing),
in Connected 732
Environments
private 5queues
Chapter (user),
- Handling 726
ADO.NET Events
Chapter
private 6system
- Integrating
queues,XML
726 with ADO.NET
Profiler, SQL Server, 758-762
Property
Chapter 9 Builder, 493-494,
- ADO.NET 581-582
Exception Handling
PropertyCollection
Chapter 10 - Workingclass, 93 ODBC .NET Data Provider
with the
Chapter 11 - Stored and
PropertyManager Procedures and Views 295-296
CurrencyManager,
proxy files (Service1 .vb), 527
Public Queues, Retrieving (code listing), 732-733
public queues
Chapter (user),
15 - Using 726 in Xml Web Services
ADO.NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Q This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Query Analyzer, 760761
namespaces
Query Builder, 4344, 45 and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Query from SelectVideosCheckedIn, Not Optimized (code listing), 762763
Queue's Properties, Getting a (code listing), 738
Table of Contents
queues, transactional, 748
queuing, message
Introduction
creating/deleting
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET message
Basics queues programmatically, 735736
fundamentals,
Chapter 2
725
installing,726727
managing queues with VS .NET, 731732
MessageQueue class properties, 729730
MessageQueue instance, creating, 738739
MessageQueueCriteria, filtering queues with, 734735
Chapter
queue7 path,
- Datasetting,
Binding739740
retrieving and Data732734
available queues, Relations
Chapter 9 - application,
sample ADO.NET Exception
736738 Handling
sending/receiving the ODBC
messages, .NET Data Provider
740741
Chapter 11 -queue
setting Storedand
Procedures
message and Views 746
priorities,
simple
Chapter 12 -messaging application,
Oracle, SQLXML, 741745
System.Messaging namespace, 727728
types
Chapter 14of message queues,
- Developing Database725726
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
R This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Raising ListBox Events (code listing), 303
namespaces
Rapid Application Development and(RAD)
classes,
Webanddevelopment,
how to integrate
488both with
ADO.NET.
RDO (Remote Data Objects), overview of, 5
Read method (DataReader), 162
Table of Contents
read-only data binding, 537
Reader objects. See alsoDataReader;PipedDataReader object,441-443
Introduction
Reading
All Bindings
Chapter 2 - DataofComponents
a Form (code listing),
in Visual 290-291
Studio .NET
All Constraints
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET of a
in Collection (code
Environments
All Controls
Chapter Participating
4 - ADO.NET in Data
in Connected Binding (code listing), 294
Environments
Data5 from
Chapter Northwind
- Handling UsingEvents
ADO.NET ODBC Data Provider (code listing), 379-380
Data6 from
Chapter SQL Server
- Integrating XML(code listing), 371-373
with ADO.NET
Database
Chapter 7
Schema Programmatically (code listing), 825
DataSet Columns and Their Data Types (code listing), 814-815
Only Modified Rows of DataSet (code listing), 843
TextBox Control's Binding Properties (code listing), 291-292
and Writing to and from Windows Registry (code listing), 831
an XML File (code listing), 239
reading XML, 238-246
closing document, 245-246
GetAttributes of a node, 243-244
getting node information, 239-242
Chapter 17 - to
moving Building
contentReal-World Web Applications
node, 242-243
searching for a node, 244Mapping in .NET
ReadXml method, 122,127,262-263
ReadXmlSchema
Chapter method, 127,264
21 - Messaging
Rearranging
Chapter a DataGrid
22 - SQL Column's
Server and Sequence
ADO.NET: Notes on(code listing), 588
Performance
Appendix
ReceiveAmethod
- Relational Databases: Some
(MessageQueue), 741Basic Concepts
Receiving and Sending Transactional Messages (code listing), 749-750
Receiving Messages from a Queue (code listing), 743-744
Index
Record
List Button Click Event Handlers, Moving (code listing), 337-338
of Figures
List of Tables
record navigation system
List of Listings296-300
building,
building
List of DataGrid, 335-338
Sidebars
Record Navigation System Variables (code listing), 298
RecordSets
Creating Custom (code listing), 337
and cursors, 786-787
vs. DataSets, 12
defined, 121
Filling DataAdapter from, 175-176
reference materials
ADO Examples and Best Practices for Programmers ,760
ADO.NET,760
Building Distributed Applications with Microsoft .NET ,776
Concurrency Control and Recovery in Database Systems ,789
Hitchhiker's Guide to Visual Basic and SQL Server,760
by Mahesh
relational databases info,Chand
792 and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003
SQL online references, 810 (928 pages)
This text provides
Transaction Processing: Conceptsextensive coverage of, 791
and Techniques ADO.NET technology
references, adding to Oracle
interfaces, .NET
and data
takes provider, 415 look at XML
a comprehensive
RefreshSchema method, 184
ADO.NET.
Register.aspx Code (code listing), 616
Register.aspx page (Online Job Board application), 615-616
Table of Contents
Registry,
Applied Windows, 828-831
Introduction
RejectChanges method (DataRow), 95-96,127,191-192,231
Chapter 1 databases,
relational - ADO.NET Basics
779-792
fundamentals, 779-780 in Visual Studio .NET
Chapter 3 -788-791
locking, ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter isolation
4 - ADO.NET
levels,in788-789
Chapter locking
5 - Handling
modes,ADO.NET
790-791Events
normalization,
Chapter 780-786
Chapter Boyce-Codd Normal
7 - Data Binding andForm (BCNF),
Windows Forms785
Data-Bound Controls
Chapter Fifth
8 - Normal Form
Constraints (5Data
and NF or PJ/NF), 786
Relations
Chapter First
9 - Normal
ADO.NETForm (1 NF),
Exception 780-782
Handling
Chapter Fourth Normalwith
10 - Working Formthe (4 NF),.NET
ODBC 785 Data Provider
Chapter Second Normal
11 - Stored Form (2
Procedures NF),
and 782-784
Views
Third Normal Form (3 NF), 784-785
online resources, 792
recordsets and cursors, 786-787
Relations
Chapter 15 property, 124
ReleaseObjectPool,
Chapter CallingControls
16 - ASP.NET Server (code listing),
and Data149Binding
Removing
All Items of a Node (codeMapping in .NET
listing), 257
Chapter 19 - Mapped
Column From a Objects: Performance
Collection Considerations
(code listing), 117 and Data Binding
Chapter 20 - COM
RemoveAll forInteroperability and ADO.NET
books.xml, Calling (code listing), 258
RemoveHandler
Chapter 21 - Messaging statement, 209
a Row
Chapter 22 -and
SQLCalling
Serverthe
andUpdate Method
ADO.NET: Notesofon
a Performance
DataAdapter (code listing), 177
Appendix
RepeaterA control
- Relational
(Web Databases:
Forms) Some Basic Concepts
supporting Used
templates, SQL Statements
548
Appendix C552-555
using, - ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Index
ReplaceChild, Calling (code listing), 258
List of Figures
report queues (system), 726
List of Tables
ResetCommandTimeout
List of Listings method (SqlCommand), 160
ReshuffleColumns
List of Sidebars Method (code listing), 329-330
reshuffling DataGrid columns, 326-331
response queues (user), 726
Resumes.aspx HTML View (code listing), 630-632
Resumes.aspx pages (Online Job Board Application), 623-632
retrieving data, 775-777
root nodes, getting, 256
rows
Adding to DataTable Using DataRow (code listing), 96-98
and DataTable operations
adding,106, 109-110
by 110-111
deleting, 106, Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
editing,119Apress 2003 (928 pages)
searching,This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology

106,112-113
sorting, 106,113-114
of DataView, Adding,
namespacesUpdating, and Deleting
and classes, and how(code listing),both
to integrate 130 with
deleting, 176 ADO.NET.
RowChanged event, 222,224
RowChanging and RowChanged Event Handlers, Writing (code listing), 224
TableRowDeleted
of Contentsevent, 222, 225-226
RowDeleting Data-Driven
and RowDeleted Solutions
Event Handlers, Writing (code listing), 225-226
Introduction
RowFilter property (DataView), 131
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
RowState Basics
property, 99
RowUpdated Event Handler in Visual
(code Studio
listing),.NET
218
RowUpdating
Chapter 3 - ADO.NETandinRowUpdated
Disconnectedevents, 216,218-219
Environments
RowUpdating
Chapter 4 - ADO.NETEvent Handler (code
in Connected listing), 218-219
Environments
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
S This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Save Image Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 835837
namespaces
Save method, 253 and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Savepoints
defined, 198
TableRollback and Commit, 204206
of Contents
in Sql
Applied Data Provider, Using
ADO.NETBuilding (code Solutions
Data-Driven listing), 205206
Introduction
Saving
Chapter
data1 and
- ADO.NET Basics
using GetChanges, 777
DataSet
Chapter DataComponents
2 - Data to XML Document (code
in Visual listing),
Studio .NET 271272
DataTable
Chapter in XMLinDocuments
3 - ADO.NET (code
Environments
documents
Chapter (DOM),
4 - ADO.NET in 253
Only5 Modified
Chapter Rows
- Handling of DataSet
ADO.NET (code listing), 193
Events
Updated
Chapter Data in a Data
6 - Integrating XML Source From a DataGrid Control (code listing), 343344
with ADO.NET
scalability
Chapter 7 -and performance
Data Binding and (ADO.NET), 11 Data-Bound Controls
Windows Forms
Chapter
schemas8 - Constraints and Data Relations
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
database, defined,Exception
779 Handling
Chapter
XML.10See
- Working withintegration
under XML the ODBC .NET Data Provider
with ADO.NET
Search Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 341342
SearchButtonClick Method (code listing), 112113
searching
a DataGrid,
Chapter 338342
using
Chapter 16DataTable
- ASP.NET and DataView,
Server Controls 339341
and Data Binding
using SELECT statement, 339
using XPathNavigator, 276277
Second19Normal
Chapter Form
- Mapped (2 NF),
Objects: 782784 Considerations and Data Binding
Performance
Chapter
SELECT 20 DISTINCT
and duplicates, 827828
Chapter
SELECT 21 statements
- Messaging
Chapter 22 - SQL
Executing Server
Using and ADO.NET: Notes
OleDbDataAdapter on listing),
(code Performance
167168
retrieving data with,Databases:
777 Some Basic Concepts
searching with, 339Used SQL Statements
SELECT TOP SQLFrequently Asked
statement, Questions
paging with, 816
IndexSELECT...FOR XML clauses, 809810
SELECT...LIKE
List of Figures SQL statement, 194
using,
List of 796802
Tables
List of Listings
SelectCommand, 184
List of Sidebars
Selecting Distinct Rows From DataBase Table (code listing), 827828
SelectVideosCheckedIn Query, Optimized Version (code listing), 763764
SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser (code listing), 665
Send Message Click Event Handler (code listing), 618
Send method (MessageQueue), 740741
Sending and Receiving Transactional Messages (code listing), 749750
Sending Messages to a Queue (code listing), 743
serialization, defined, 236
server controls in ASP.NET. SeeASP.NET server controls and data binding
server cubes, OLAP, 718
Server Explorer, 3436
adding new connection, 35
available views, 408
creating DataAdapters with, 41 internals, namespaces, classes, and
including ADO.NET
expanding databases with,
interfaces, and54takes a comprehensive look at XML
managing andnamespaces and36
viewing data, classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
server-side controls, ASP.NET. SeeASP.NET server-side controls
service components (OLE DB), 56
Table of Contents
session pooling, 146
severity level errors, 368369
Introduction
simple 1and- complex
Chapter ADO.NET data binding, 288,538
Basics
Chapter
Simple2Exception
Handling Block (codeStudio .NET
listing), 361
simple Web Forms controls, data binding in, 540562
Button control, 540541
Calendar control, 542545
DropDownList XML558560
control, with ADO.NET
Chapter
ListBox control, 556558 Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
7 - Data Binding and
ListControl and Data Relations
class, 555556
Chapter 9 - ADO.NET
Repeater control, Exception
552555 Handling
templates, with the
Web server ODBC .NET
control. Data Provider
Seetemplates, Web server control templates
TextBox,
Chapter ButtonProcedures
11 - Stored and Imageand controls,
Views 560562
Chapter 12 - data-bound
single-item Oracle, SQLXML, and Other
controls, 488 .NET Data Providers
single object-oriented API, 910
Skip Method,
Chapter Using
15 - Using (code listing),
ADO.NET 244 Services
in Xml Web
SOAP (Simple
Chapter Object
16 - ASP.NET Access
Server Protocol),
Controls 517518
and Data Binding
Chapter 17Explorer,
Solution - Building525,
Real-World
527 Web Applications
sorting
custom in DataGrid, 334
Chapter
Data20Using
Select and ADO.NET
Method (code listing), 113114
in a DataGrid Control (code listing), 606607
Chapter 22 - SQLControl's
a DataGrid Server and ADO.NET:
Columns Notes
(code on Performance
listing), 334
default sorting order, 605 Some Basic Concepts
and searching Used SQL605607
in DataGrid, Statements
Sort property
Appendix (DataView),
C - ADO.NET 131
Index
sp_executesql to Execute Database Query (code listing), 765
List of Figures
SQL Server and ADO.NET, 753778
List of Tables
ADO.NET performance issues, 769777
List of Listings
Connection strings and pooling, 777
List of Sidebars
data providers, selecting, 769770
designer vs. manual development, 775
generic data access components, writing, 770775
GetChanges method and saving data, 777
retrieving data, 775777
stored procedures vs. SQL commands, 777
updating data sources, 776
code listings
Generic Data Access Class, 771773
Generic Data Access Class, Using, 774775
Query from SelectVideosCheckedIn, Not Optimized, 762763
SelectVideosCheckedIn Query, Optimized Version, 763764
sp_executesql to Execute a Database Query, 765
User-Defined Variables, 773774
by Mahesh Chand
SQL Server performance, and David
improving, Talbot
753769 ISBN:1590590732
columns, selecting for indexing, 757758
This text
database design providesdangers
slippage, extensiveof,coverage
768769of ADO.NET technology
database pages, checking size of, 767768
denormalization, 768 and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
indexes, using, 753757
ADO.NET.
locks, avoiding, 766
SQL Server Profiler, 758762
Table of stored
Contents
procedure recompilation, 765
tables, optimal design Solutions
of, 766767
Introduction
Transact-SQL queries, optimizing, 762764
SQL (Structured Query Language)
Access Group (SAG), 3
Chapter 3 - ADO.NET
commands, in Disconnected
executing (Oracle .NET Environments
data provider), 418421
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
data provider in Connected Environments
Chapter classes,
5 - Handling
138 ADO.NET Events
Chapter Sql6 -Data
Integrating
Provider,XML with Savepoints
Using ADO.NET in (code listing), 205206
Chapter transaction
7 - Data Binding and Windows
methods in, 204205 Forms Data-Bound Controls
DataAdapters,
Chapter 4051and Data Relations
8 - Constraints
Chapter Data Adapter Configuration
9 - ADO.NET Wizard. SeeData Adapter Configuration Wizard
Exception Handling
Chapter Server Explorer,
10 - Working withcreating
the ODBC DataAdapters with, 41
.NET Data Provider
injection,
Chapter 405406,
11 - Stored 810
queries
batches of, 164 a Custom Data Provider
defined, 7
executing, 504
SQL INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE Queries, Constructing (code listing), 421
types, selecting, 4243
SQL Server
Analysis Server in 2000, 718
Chapter Enterprise
19 - Mapped Objects:84,
Manager, Performance
393 Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter error
logs, 370 and ADO.NET
Chapter errors,
21 - Messaging
recognizing, 368369
Chapter INSERT
22 - SQLcommand,
Server and 186
AppendixProfiler,
A - Relational
758762 Databases: Some Basic Concepts
AppendixProvider Components,
B - Commonly Used SQLAdded (code listing), 4849
Statements
AppendixReading Data From
C - ADO.NET (codeAsked
Frequently listing), 371373
Questions
Index storing data in, 757
version 2000, 430,666
List of Figures
SQL
List of statements
Tables
to add and remove constraints, 352353
List of Listings
ALTER
List of Sidebars
TABLE, 353
commonly used, 793810
CREATE TABLE, 353,803
DELETE,534,802803
DROP TABLE, 803804
executing. See under Command objects generating, 43
INSERT,805
inserting dates in, 814
joins and aliases, 806807
reading from two or more tables with, 190
SELECT,796802
SELECT...FOR XML clauses, 809810
stored procedures and, 398
TRUNCATE TABLE, 804
UPDATE,534, 802
views and,by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot
807809 ISBN:1590590732
SqlCommand Properties, Setting and Getting (code listing), 151
SqlCommandThis text provides
to Read Data from extensive
Databasecoverage
(code of ADO.NET
listing), 153technology
SqlCommandBuilder, 182184
SqlCommandBuilder
namespaces Class,
andCreating
classes, and
and Using
how to(code listing),
integrate both183184
with
SqlConnectionADO.NET.
class, 38,139
SqlConnection objects, creating (code listing), 139140
SqlDataAdapter
Table of class
Contents
properties, 168169
Event Handler Bodies Data-Driven Solutions
(code listing), 217
Introduction
Instances, Creating (code listing), 167
Chapter Properties,
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Using (code listing), 169
Chapter 2 - Data
SqlError Components in Visual
and SqlErrorCollection Studio 373374
classes, .NET
SqlException
Chapter class,
3 - ADO.NET in 371373
SqlParameter
Chapter class properties,
5 - Handling 185187
ADO.NET Events
Chapter Creating (code listing),
6 - Integrating XML with177ADO.NET
SqlTransaction,
Chapter Executing
7 - Data Binding MultipleForms
and Windows SQL Queries Using
Data-Bound (code listing), 207208
Controls
SQLXML
Chapter 8 and SQL XMLand
- Constraints .NET data
Data providers, 426435
Relations
code
Chapter 9 listings
Chapter SqlXmlAdapter, Using,
10 - Working with 429 .NET Data Provider
the ODBC
Chapter SqlXmlCommand to Execute
11 - Stored Procedures Commands, 433435
and Views
fundamentals,
Chapter 12 - Oracle,426427
SqlXmlAdapter
Chapter object,
13 - Developing 428429
SqlXmlCommand object, 430435
applied,432435
methods,430431
properties,431432
SqlXmlParameter object, 429
FOR XML keyword, 427428
StateChange event, 211212
static cursors,
Chapter 786
21 - Messaging
stored procedures
calling,
Appendix A -155157
codeBlistings
Appendix - Commonly Used SQL Statements
AppendixAddCat1 Stored
C - ADO.NET Procedure,
Frequently 404Questions
Asked
Index Calling Stored Procedure Using SqlCommand, 155
Executing and Reading Results of Stored Procedure, 156157
List of Figures
Executing Stored Procedures with Output Parameter, 404405
List of Tables
Executing the mySP Stored Procedure Using SQL Data Provider, 400401
List of Listings
GetBlockedCategory Stored Procedure, 692693
List of Sidebars
Incremental Lazy Loading Stored Procedure, 701
Parameters, Using in Stored Procedures, 402404
Sales by Year Stored Procedure in Northwind Database (code listing), 156
Stored Procedure Results Output, Adding Subtotal Listing to, 157
creating,393397
executing from VS .NET, 397399
executing programmatically, 399405
logic in, 665666
recompilation, avoiding excessive, 765
vs. SQL commands, 777
SQL injection, 405406
and views, 393411
storing data in SQL Server, 757
strings, connection. Seeconnection strings
structured exceptions (VB
Apress .NET),
2003 (928 359
pages)
This text584586
styles, setting DataGrid, provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
stylesheets,260261
SXPD add-on, 426namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
system queues, 725726
system stored procedures, 393
Table of Contents
System.Data
Applied Exception classes,
ADO.NETBuilding 366368
System.Data namespace, 13,77,8182,138
Introduction
System.Data.Common namespace, 7778,8283,138
System.Data.OleDb namespace, 7879
System.Data.OracleClient
Chapter namespace,
4 - ADO.NET in Connected 415
Environments
Chapter namespace,
5 - Handling ADO.NET Events 214
System.Data.SqlTypes with ADO.NET
namespace, 7879
SystemException class, 366
System.Messaging
Chapter 9
namespace, 727728
System.Runtime.InteropServices
Chapter 10 - Working with the ODBCnamespace, 710
.NET Data Provider
Chapter 11 - Storednamespace,
System.SqlClient Procedures and Views
137139
System.Web namespace, 483484
System.Web.Services namespace, 485,518
System.Web.UI
Chapter 15 - Usingnamespace, 484,Web
ADO.NET in Xml 539,540
Services
System.Web.UI.HtmlControls and Data
namespace, Binding
484
Chapter 17 - Building Real-Worldnamespace,
System.Web.UI.WebControls Web Applications
484
System.Xml namespace, 226,234235,238,261,431
System.Xml.Schema
Chapter namespace,
20 - COM Interoperability and235
ADO.NET
System.Xml.Serialization
Chapter 21 - Messaging namespace, 236
System.Xml.XPath and ADO.NET:
namespace, 236 Notes on Performance
System.Xml.Xsl namespace, 236
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
T This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
tables
Adding Records to Using INSERT
namespaces SQLand
and classes, Statement (code listing),
how to integrate 159
both with
column mapping and, 178-181
ADO.NET.
creating relationship between, 60-61
Creating Using DataTable and DataColumn (code listing), 91-92
Tabledefined,
of Contents
779
designing Data-Driven Solutions
for optimal performance, 766-767
Introduction
loading detail when master is loaded, 703-704
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
mappings, 45-46 Basics
Chapter 2 - Data
schema, Components
obtaining in Visual Studio
using Command .NET
object, 811
SQL3 statement
Chapter - ADO.NET to in
read two or more,
Disconnected 190
Environments
TableDirect,
Chapter using,
4 - ADO.NET in157-158
TableItemStyle
Chapter 5 - Handlingclass properties,
ADO.NET Events585
TableMappings
Chapter property,
6 - Integrating 178-180
XML with ADO.NET
Tables
Chapter 7 -property, 124 and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Data Binding
templates
Adding
Chapter 9 -to a DataList
ADO.NET ControlHandling
Exception (code listing), 549
Applying
Chapter on a Repeater
10 - Working with theControl (code
ODBC .NET listing),
Data 546-547
Provider
DataGrid
Chapter control,
11 - Stored using withand
Procedures template
Views columns, 594-598
Template
Chapter Columns
12 - Oracle, in a DataGrid
SQLXML, and OtherControl (code
.NET Data listing), 596-598
Providers
Template
Chapter Columns,aUsing
13 - Developing (code
Custom Datalisting),
Provider595-596
Templates of a DataList Control, Adding Formatting to (code listing), 550-551
Web server control templates, 546-552
basics,546-547
controls supporting templates, 548
form designer, creating with, 551
HTML View, creating with, 549-551
Chapter Repeater
control Performance
support of, 552 Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter types
of, 547-548 and ADO.NET
Chapter working
21 - Messaging
with programmatically, 551-552
text file databases, 382-388
accessing text files, 385-388
exporting UsedtoSQL
Access table textStatements
file, 383-385
TextBox, Button and Image controls (Web Forms), 560-562
Index
TextDB.txt
List File, Accessing (code listing), 388
of Figures
Thanks.aspx
List of Tables page, 513
List of ListingsShopping Cart Example (code listing), 680-681
Theoretical
List of Sidebars
Third Normal Form (3 NF), 784-785
three-tier model, 663
Tlbimp.exe and Tlbexp.exe, 711-712
transactions
avoiding to reduce locks, 766
class methods, 200
and concurrency, 198-200
implementing in OleDb data provider, 820-821
Isolation Levels (TILs), 788
methods in Sql data provider, 204-205
objects and classes, 17
in OleDb Data Provider (code listing), 821
Transact-SQLApplied
queries,ADO.NET:
optimizing, Building Data-Driven Solutions
762-764
transactional messaging, 747-750 David Talbot
using,200-201 Apress 2003 (928 pages)

Transform method, 261 ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
including
Transformation and XSLT, 260-262
tree optimization,ADO.NET.
693-694
tree structures, large, 691-693
TreeView
Table control, Microsoft, 693
of Contents
Troelsen, Andrew, 709 Data-Driven Solutions
Introduction
TRUNCATE TABLE statements, 804
Try...Catch statements, 361-364
with multiple Catch statements, 363-364
Try...Catch Block, Simple (code listing), 362
Try...Catch...Finally statements, 362
Type Library
Chapter 6
Importer/Exporter, 711-712
typed DataSets
generating
Chapter from XML
8 - Constraints schema,
and 272
Data Relations
and9untyped,
Chapter 127-128
in VS
Chapter 10.NET, 47,51-54
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
U This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
UNIQUE Constraints
Adding (code namespaces
listing), 351 and classes, and how to integrate both with
Creating (code listing), 348349
ADO.NET.
defined, 345
UniqueConstraint class, 348349
Table of Contents
Unix systems, 438
unmanaged code, 709
Introduction
Chapter 1 - ADO.NET
unstructured Basics
exceptions (VB .NET), 359
Chapter
untyped2 DataSets
Chapter 3 - 51
defined, ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Chapter
and4typed
DataSets, 127128 Environments
updating
data (ASP.NET), 506
Chapter
Data on- Data
7 Binding
Update and
Button Windows
Click (codeForms Data-Bound
listing), 506 Controls
Chapter
data8 sources,
- Constraints
776 and Data Relations
Chapter 9 -and
editing, ADO.NET Exception
deleting Handling
with DataList control, 573581
inserting, with the
and deleting withODBC .NET Data
DataGrids, Provider
342344
Chapter 11 - command,
Update Stored Procedures
201 and Views
Update,
Chapter Delete,SQLXML,
12 - Oracle, Cancel, and Other
Edit Command
.NET Data Handlers,
Providers Adding (code listing), 572
Update, Delete, Cancel, and Edit Command
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom Data Provider Handlers Code (code listing), 573
Update method, 159, 176178
UPDATE
Chapter statements
15 - Using ADO.NET (SQL),
in Xml534,
Web 802
Services
UpdateCommand event handler,
Chapter 16 - ASP.NET Server Controls and 577Data Binding
UpdateDataSource
Chapter and UpdateDataSet
17 - Building Real-World Web Applications Methods Generated by Data Form Wizard (code listing),
7071
updategrams, 430
updates, .NET 1.1, 391
User component,
Chapter Video Store Application, 654659
21 - Messaging
user controls
Chapter (server),
22 - SQL Server 483
user-defined Databases: 393
stored procedures, Some Basic Concepts
User-Defined Variables (code listing), 773774
User Object in User Component (code listing), 655656
Index
user
List of queues,
Figures 725726
List
Userof Tables
test case, Video Store Application, 659661
List of Listings
UserData Object in User Component (code listing), 656657
List of Sidebars
UserDataAccess Object in User Component (code listing), 657659
UserTestCase Object (code listing), 660661
V This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
validation controls, 482-483
Video Store Application, basicand
namespaces classes,
design, and how to integrate both with
640-665
ADO.NET.
Check In/Check Out component, 663-665
Data Access Component (DAC), 648-652
data object, 643-644
Table of Contents
database design, 641-643
dependencies, managing, 661-662
Introduction
mapped object, 644-648
User component, 654-659
User test case, 659-661
Chapter 3 tape
video - ADO.NET in Disconnected
test case, Environments
building, 652-654
VideoCategory and Related Objects (code listing), 686-691
VideoCategory
Chapter table, 685
Chapter 7 - Data Binding(code listing), 701-703
Chapter 8 - Constraints Test
VideoCategoryIndexer and Data
CaseRelations
VideoCheckInCheckOut Component, Test Case for (code listing), 671-673
VideoCheckInCheckOut
Chapter Object
11 - Stored Procedures (code
and listing), 667-670
Views
Videos()
Chapter 12Array, Adding
- Oracle, to VideoCategory
SQLXML, Object
and Other .NET (code listing), 695-696
Data Providers
Chapter 13 - Component,
VideoTape Developing a Test
Custom Data
Case forProvider
VideoTape Object (code listing), 645-648
VideoTapeData Object (code listing), 643-644
VideoTapeDataAccess
Chapter Object (code
17 - Building Real-World listing), 648-652
Web Applications
View Source option, 48 Mapping in .NET
View Wizard Results, 44
ViewGuestBook.aspx, Opening (code listing), 511
Viewing22Data
Chapter From
- SQL SQL
Server Server
and Database
ADO.NET: Notes(code listing), 30-31
on Performance
views,406-411
creating,
Appendix 406-408 Used SQL Statements
B - Commonly
executing
Appendix from VSFrequently
C - ADO.NET .NET, 409Asked Questions
IndexFilling DataSets from multiple, 411
programmatically
List of Figures retrieving data from, 410
understanding,
List of Tables 807-809
virtual
List table, 393
of Listings
List of Sidebars
VisibleMonthChanged Event (code listing), 545
Visio,84
Visual Basic .NET (VB .NET), 209,637
Visual Basic (VB) exception handling, 359
visual data components, 11
Visual Studio .NET
accessing COM Library with, 710
to add server controls, 486
creating XML Web services in, 518-521
executing stored procedures from, 397-399
executing views from, 409
Integrated Development Environment (IDE). SeeIDE
managing queues with, 731-732
by Mahesh
ODBC .NET data providerChand
and,and
375David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress
version 2003, 414 2003 (928 pages)
XML designer,This
277text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
Visual Studio .NET data components,
interfaces, and takes a33-71
code listings namespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.From Button Click, 65
Calling DataForm1
Calling DataForm2 From Button Click, 66
Cancel All Button Click Event Handler (code listing), 71
Table of Contents
DataAdapter Connection Through TableMapping, 49
FillDataSet Method Generated by Data Form Wizard, 69
Introduction
Form's Load Event Handler, 50-51
LoadDataSet Method Generated by Data Form Wizard, 68-69
Sql Server Provider Components, Added, 48-49
Chapter UpdateDataSource
and UpdateDataSet Methods Generated by Data Form Wizard, 70-71
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
connection strings, 40 in Connected Environments
creating ADO.NET ADO.NET
project,Events
33
data connections, 38-40 XML with ADO.NET
Chapter
Data7 Form
- Data Binding57-71
Wizard, and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter adding items, 58 and Data Relations
8 - Constraints
Chapter calling form from
9 - ADO.NET application,
Exception 65-66
Handling
Chapter creating relationship
10 - Working with thebetween
ODBC .NETtables,
Data60-61
Provider
Chapter Data Connection,
11 - Stored choosing,
Procedures 59
and Views
Chapter DataForm1
12 - Oracle, .vb, 67-71and Other .NET Data Providers
SQLXML,
DataSet, choosing,
Chapter 13 - Developing a Custom 59 Data Provider
display style, choosing, 62-65
displaying tables and columns, 62
MyDS.xsd,67
project template, 58
tables or views, choosing, 59-60
viewing output, 66
Chapter 19 - Mapped
DataSet Objects:components,
and DataView Performance 51-57
Chapter typed
20 - COM Interoperability and
DataSets in VS .NET, 51-54 ADO.NET
Chapter understanding
21 - MessagingDataView, 54-57
fundamentals, 37-38and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Server Explorer, 34-36 Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Appendixadding new connection,
B - Commonly Used SQL35 Statements
Appendixmanaging
C - ADO.NETand Frequently
viewing data, 36 Questions
Asked
IndexSQL DataAdapters, 40-51
Data Adapter Configuration Wizard. SeeData Adapter Configuration Wizard
List of Figures
Server Explorer, creating DataAdapters with, 41
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
W This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
WeakCache Object (code listing), 707708
Web applicationsnamespaces and classes, and how to integrate both with
defined, 468 ADO.NET.
using ASP.NET. SeeASP.NET for database Web applications
Webof
Table applications,
Contents building, 609636
code
Applied listings
Button Click Event Handlers, 614615
Introduction
Chapter DisplayData.aspx HTML View, 624627
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Chapter Done Button
2 - Data Click Event
Components in Handler, 620,.NET
Visual Studio 623
FillDataGrid
Chapter 3
and Page_Load Methods, 627,629
FillPartialData Method, 628
Login Button Click Event Handler Code, 613
Post Job Button Click Event Handler, 619
Post Resume Button Click Event Handler, 622623
Post Resume Page, Adding Options to, 621622
Chapter Register.aspx
Code, 616 Relations
Chapter Resumes.aspx
HTML View, Handling
630632
Chapter Send
10 - Working with the ODBC .NET Data618
Message Click Event Handler, Provider
database schema, 610611 and Views
Chapter 12 -Job
Online Oracle, SQLXML,
Board and Other
Application, .NET Data
developing, Providers
611635
Chapter Contact.aspx page,
13 - Developing 617618
Chapter DisplayData.aspx and Resumes.aspx
14 - Developing Database pages,
Web Applications 623632
using ASP.NET
Chapter dnjHeader.aspx page,
15 - Using ADO.NET 632633
in Xml Web Services
Chapter improving/modifying
16 - ASP.NET Server application,
Controls and635636
Data Binding
Chapter Login.aspx page,
17 - Building 612615
Chapter PostJob.aspx page, 618620
PostResume.aspx page, 620623
Register.aspx page, 615616
running the application, 633635
specifications, 609610
Web controls
adding to Web Forms (ASP.NET), 472473
MyGuestBook.aspx,508
properties, setting (ASP.NET), 474475
Index
ViewGuestBook.aspx, 511
List of Figures
Web
List Forms
of Tables
adding, editing, and deleting in, 502504
List of Listings
adding server-side controls to, 485487
List of Sidebars
controls,480,485
defined, 468
guest book, adding to, 511514
Web References Wizard, 528
Web server controls, 481482
Web-service-based data provider, 437
Web services
creating consumer, 524534
adding data to database, 529533
adding functionality, 534
defined, 468
WebService and WebMethod Attributes, Adding Descriptions to (code listing), 522524
XML.SeeXMLApplied ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Web services
Web sites Apress 2003 (928 pages)
Apress,297
C# Corner discussion
including newsgroup, 811 namespaces, classes, and
ADO.NET internals,
C# Corner's XML.NET
interfaces,section,
and takes233, 297
namespaces
connection strings for dataand classes, 845
providers, and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET. forms info, 786
database design/normal
DBTools download, 381
Duwamish7 demo application download, 639
Table of Contents
locking and concurrency levels information, 791
Microsoft,376
Introduction
Microsoft downloads, 414
Microsoft TreeView control, 693
MySQL database/tools download, 380
Chapter 3 databases,
object - ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
639
Chapter
ODBC drivers, 381 Connected Environments
4 - ADO.NET in
Chapter 5 -data
Oracle Handling ADO.NET
provider Events
article, 414
OraDirect.NET download, 414 with ADO.NET
relational databases online resources, Forms Data-Bound Controls
792
SQL8 online
Chapter references,
- Constraints and 810
Data Relations
SQL9 Server
Chapter performance
- ADO.NET Exception info, 760
Handling
SQLXML
Chapter updateswith
10 - Working andthe
downloads,
ODBC .NET 426Data Provider
transaction
Chapter processing
11 - Stored info,and
Procedures 789Views
Chapter 12characters,
wildcard - Oracle, SQLXML,
194 and Other .NET Data Providers
Chapter
Windows13 Registry,
- Developing a Custom Data
reading/writing Provider
to, 828831
wiring protocol, 518
WriteXml
Chapter 16 method, 264265
WriteXml
Chapter 17 Method Output
- Building (codeWeb
Real-World listing), 266
Applications
Chapter 18 Method,
WriteXml - Object-Relational
Using (codeMapping in 265266
listing), .NET
WriteXmlSchema method, 127,266267
writing 21
Chapter XML items, 247248
- Messaging
WSDL 22
Chapter (Web Service
- SQL Description
Server Language),
and ADO.NET: Notes on517, 527
Performance
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
X This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
XML (Extensible including ADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
Markup Language), support, 8,10,1213
XML integration with ADO.NET, 233286 and how to integrate both with
Adding Node with Attributes, 260
Adding Nodes to Document, 256
Table of Contents
Appending in XML Document Fragment, 254
GetAttribute of a Node, Using, 243244
Introduction
Getting Node Information, 240241
Getting Root Node of Document, 256
Getting XML Node Information, 240
Chapter Inserting
XML Fragment Environments
into Document, 259
Chapter MoveToContent
4 - ADO.NET in Method,
Using, 243
Chapter Moving
5 - Handling
to RootADO.NET
and FirstEvents
Child Nodes Using XPathNavigator, 274275
Chapter Output
of XmlWriterSample.vb Class, 249250
Chapter Reading
7 - Dataan Binding and 239
XML file, Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
Chapter RemoveAll for books.xml,
8 - Constraints Calling, 258
and Data Relations
Chapter Removing
9 - ADO.NET All Items of a Handling
Exception Node, 257
Chapter ReplaceChild,
10 - Working with Calling, 258 .NET Data Provider
the ODBC
Chapter Saving DataSet
11 - Stored Data toand
Procedures XML Document, 271272
Views
Chapter Skip
12 - Method, Using, 244
Chapter WriteXml method
13 - Developing Output, Data
a Custom 266 Provider
WriteXml method, Using, 265266
WriteXmlSchema Method, Using, 267
XML Schema Generated for Database Table, 284285
XmlConvert Class, Using, 251
XmlDataDocumentSample.vb,270
XmlDocumentFragment Sample, 254
Chapter XmlWriter
19 - Mapped Objects:248249
Example, Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter XmlWriterSample.vb
20 - COM Interoperability andOutput
Class, ADO.NET
of, 249250
Chapter XPathIterator
21 - Messaging and Select, 276277
Chapter XPathNavigator,
22 - SQL Server and ADO.NET:
Reading Notes on
Document Performance
Using, 275276
AppendixXSL A - Transformation,
Relational Databases:262 Some Basic Concepts
DOMB(Document
Appendix - CommonlyObject Model)
Used SQL implementation, 251260
Statements
Appendixadding attributes
C - ADO.NET to nodes,
Frequently 259260
Asked Questions
Index fragments, inserting into XML document, 259
saving documents, 253
List of Figures
XmlDocument class, 252253
List of Tables
XmlDocumentFragment class, 253254
List of Listings
XmlElement class, 254259
List of Sidebars
XmlNode class, 252
navigating in XML, 272277
searching using XPathNavigator, 276277
XPathNavigator class, 273
XPathNavigator move methods, 274276
.Net Framework and XML, 233238
document classes, 234
DOM interfaces, 237
reader and writer classes, 234
System.Xml namespace, 234235
System.Xml namespace reference, adding, 238
System.Xml.Schema namespace, 235
System.Xml.Serialization namespace, 236
System.Xml.XPath namespace, 236
by Mahesh
System.Xml.Xsl Chand and
namespace, 236David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Apress 2003 (928
XML .NET architecture, 237238 pages)
XmlConvert This text 235,

class, provides
251 extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
reading XML, 238246
closing document,
namespaces 245246
fundamentals, 238239
ADO.NET.
GetAttributes of a node, 243244
getting node information, 239242
Table of moving
Contentsto content node, 242243
searching for node,Data-Driven
244 Solutions
Introduction
Transformation and XSLT, 260262
Chapter example,
1 - ADO.NET Basics
261262
Chapter Transform
2 - Data Components
method, 261in Visual Studio .NET
XML3 and
Chapter ADO.NET,
- ADO.NET using together,
in Disconnected 262272
Environments
Chapter displaying
4 - ADO.NETXMLindata in DataSet
Connected format, 270
Environments
Chapter reading XML using
5 - Handling DataSet,
ADO.NET Events262264
Chapter saving data fromXML
6 - Integrating DataSet to XML, 271272
with ADO.NET
Chapter writing XML
7 - Data using and
Binding DataSet,
Windows264267
XmlDataDocument and DataSet
Chapter 8 - Constraints and Data Relations objects, 272
XmlDataDocument and
XML, 267269
XML schemas, 277286
adding schema from database objects, 283285
generating new schemas, 277283
generating typed DataSet from a schema, 285286
XmlConvert class, 235,251
XmlWriter Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
classes, 246250
Chapter Close
15 - Using
method, 250 in Xml Web Services
ADO.NET
Chapter properties,
16 - ASP.NET Server
setting, Controls and Data Binding
247
Chapter writing
XML items, 247248 Web Applications
Chapter XmlWriter
applied, 248250
Chapter
XML Web19 -services,
Mapped Objects:
517535Performance Considerations and Data Binding
Chapter 20 - and
building COMtesting,
Interoperability
521524and ADO.NET
Chapter
code21listings
- Messaging
Chapter Button-Click
22 - SQL Server andHandler
Event ADO.NET:
for Notes onOrder
Calling Performance
Retrieval Web Service, 528529
AppendixClient
Event Handler For Executing Web Service, 533
AppendixExecuteQuery
B - CommonlyMethod, 534
Used SQL Statements
AppendixGetOrdersFromDatabase Method,
C - ADO.NET Frequently Asked 521
Questions
Index Populating an Order in a Database, Web Service Method for, 530531
WebService and WebMethod Attributes, Adding Descriptions to, 522524
List of Figures
components
List of Tables of, 517518
.NET
List of Framework Library and, 518
Listings
VS .NET, creating in, 518521
List of Sidebars
Web service consumer, creating, 524534
adding data to database, 529533
adding functionality, 534
XmlDataDocument
Event Handling Example (code listing), 227228
events,226229
XmlNode class, 234,252
XmlNodeChangingEventHandler method, 227
XmlNodeType enumeration members, 242
XmlReader
class properties and methods, 245246
classes,238239
retrieving databywith,
775776 ISBN:1590590732
XmlReadMode members, 263
XmlWriteMode members, 265
XmlWriter classes, 246250 and classes, and how to integrate both with
namespaces
ADO.NET.
Xpath classes, 236, 238
XPathNavigator
Tablemove methods, 274276
of Contents
searching with, 276277
using,
Introduction273
XSL (Extensible
Chapter Stylesheet
1 - ADO.NET Basics Language), 260261
Chapter 2 -Transformation,
XSLT and Data Components in Visual
236, 260262Studio .NET
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
List of Figures
Chapter 1: This
ADO.NET Basics
interfaces,
Figure 1-1: ODBC and takes a comprehensive look at XML
architecture
ADO.NET.
Figure 1-2: DAO model
Figure 1-3: OLE DB model

Table of Contents
Figure Data-Driven
1-4: The ADO.NET Solutions
components model
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 1-5: The relationship
ADO.NET Basics between Connection,DataAdpater, and a data source
Figure 1-6: The relationship between the Command object and the Connection object
Chapter 4 - 1-7:
Creating Environments
a transaction from a Connection object
Figure
Integrating between DataAdapter and Command
XML with ADO.NET
Figure
Chapter 8 - 1-9: Creatingand
Constraints a DataReader
Data Relations from a Command object
Figure 1-10: The relationship between DataAdapter and CommandBuilder
Chapter 11 - 1-11:
Figure StoredThe
Procedures and between
relationship Views DataAdapter and DataSet
Figure
Developing between
a Custom Data classes in a DataSet
Provider
Figure 1-13: The relationship between DataSet and DataView objects
Chapter 16 - 1-14:
Figure ASP.NET Server
Adding Controls and
a reference Data
to the Binding
System.Data.dll assembly
Figure
Chapter 18 - 1-15: Displaying data
Object-Relational on the
Mapping console using DataReader
in .NET
Figure 1-16: Output of the ADO.NET application in a DataGrid control
Chapter 2: Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Figure
Appendix B - 2-1: Table Mappings
Commonly dialog box
Used SQL Statements
Figure 2-2: Previewing data for the DataAdapter
Index
List ofFigure
Figures2-3: Output of the Employee data to a DataGrid control
List of Tables
List ofFigure 2-4: A DataSet's Properties window showing a typed DataSet
Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 2-5: Creating a typed DataSet from the Add New Item window
Figure 2-6: Empty Dataset1.xsd in the VS .NET IDE
Figure 2-7: Design view of the DataSet's XML schema
Figure 2-8:DataView Properties window
Figure 2-9: Sorted and filtered data in a DataGrid
Figure 2-10: Adding a Data Form Wizard
Figure 2-11: Choosing tables and views

Figure 2-12: Applied
SelectingADO.NET:
Customers as the parent
Building and Orders
Data-Driven as the child table to create the
Solutions
CustOrderRelation relationship
Figure 2-13: Choosing columns to display on the Data Form Wizard
Figure 2-14: including
ChoosingADO.NET
betweeninternals, namespaces, classes, and
a grid and individual controls on the Data Form Wizard
Figure 2-15: ADO.NET.
Grid DataForm output
Figure 2-16: The Single Record in Individual Controls option

Table of Contents
Figure 2-17: Data Form Wizard-generated form for the Single Record in Individual Controls option
Introduction
Chapter
Chapter 1 3: ADO.NET
- ADO.NET Basics in Disconnected Environments
Figure
Chapter 3 - 3-1: ADO.NET
ADO.NET architecture
Figure 3-2: The System.Data namespace class hierarchy
Chapter 6 - 3-3:
Figure Integrating XML with ADO.NET namespace hierarchy
The System.Data.Common
Figure
Chapter 8 - 3-4: The System.Data.SqlTypes
Constraints and Data Relations namespace hierarchy
Figure 3-5: The System.Data.OleDb namespace hierarchy
Chapter 11 - 3-6:
Figure Stored Proceduresbetween
Relationship and Views
the DataTable, the DataRow, and the DataColumn
Figure
Chapter 13 - 3-7: The DataGrid
Developing view
a Custom of an
Data empty DataTable
Provider
Figure 3-8: A DataTable with three rows
Chapter 16 - 3-9:
A DataGrid with dataand Data Binding
relations
Figure
Chapter 18 - 3-10: Orders record
Object-Relational for Customers
Mapping in .NET id 1001
Figure 3-11: Add, delete, sort, and search operations in a DataTable
Chapter 21 - 3-12:
Figure Messaging
Adding rows to the DataTable
Figure
Appendix A - 3-13: Deleting
Relational rows from
Databases: theBasic
Some Concepts
DataTable
Figure
Appendix C - 3-14: Result
ADO.NET of clicking
Frequently the Questions
Asked Search button for Name="Amy"
Index
Figure 3-15: Relationship between the DataSet,DataTable, and DataView
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables3-16: The relationship between DataSet, DataAdapter, and DataView objects
List of Listings
List ofFigure 3-17: Attaching DataTables to a DataSet
Sidebars
Chapter 4: ADO.NET in Connected Environments

Figure 4-1: A generic data provider model
Figure 4-2: Output of the Customers table from the DataReader
Figure 4-3: Creating a Windows Forms application and adding controls to the form
Figure 4-4: Filling data from an Access database to a DataGrid control using OleDbDataAdapter
Figure 4-5: Filling data from a SQL Server database to a DataGrid control using SqlDataAdapter
Figure 4-6: Column
Appliedmapping
Figure 4-7: Default multiple views application
This text
Figure 4-8: Multiple provides
views with extensive coverage
different filter of ADO.NET
and sorting technology
criteria
Chapter 5: Handling ADO.NET Events
ADO.NET.
Figure 5-1: Event handler and event argument classes defined in the System.Data namespace
Table of Contents
Figure 5-2: OleDb data provider event handler and event arguments
Introduction
Figure 5-3: Output of the Open button click
Figure
Chapter 2 - 5-4:
DataOutput of the in
Components Close button
Visual click
Studio .NET
Chapter
Chapter 4 6: Integrating
- ADO.NET XML with ADO.NET
Chapter 6 - 6-1:
Figure Integrating XMLarchitecture
XML .NET with ADO.NET
Figure
Chapter 8 - 6-2:XmlReader
Constraints and Relations
and Data its derived classes
Figure 6-3: The XmlWriter class and its derived classes
Chapter 11 - 6-4:
Figure Stored
TheProcedures
XmlElementand Views
class inheritance
Figure
Chapter 13 - 6-5: The XSL
Developing transformation
Figure 6-6: The XmlDataDocument class inheritance
Chapter 16 - 6-7:
Reading andControls
writing and
dataData Binding
using XmlDataDocument
Figure
Chapter 18 - 6-8: The XML designer
Figure 6-9: The XML schema Toolbox
Chapter 21 - 6-10:
Figure Messaging
Adding a schema element and its type
Figure
Appendix A - 6-11: Adding
Relational a new bookstore
Databases: Some Basic element
Concepts
Figure 6-12: A complexType item
IndexFigure 6-13: Adding other types to complexType item
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables6-14: The book complexType and its elements
List of Listings
Figure 6-15: The author and book complexTypes in an XML schema
List of Sidebars
Figure 6-16: Viewing the XML code for a schema
Figure 6-17: XML designergenerated schema
Figure 6-18: The DataSet-derived class in the Class View
Chapter 7: Data Binding and Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls

Figure 7-1: Synchronization between a data source and data-bound controls
Figure 7-2: Record navigation form

Figure 7-3: Record navigation system in action
by Mahesh
Figure 7-4:ListBox andChand and David
ComboBox Talbot
data-binding form ISBN:1590590732
Figure 7-5: Data
This synchronization in ComboBox
text provides extensive and
coverage of ListBox controls
ADO.NET technology
Figure 7-6: The DataGrid's
interfaces, parent
and takes items and background
ADO.NET.
Figure 7-7: The DataGrid's parts
Figure 7-8:DataGrid-related style objects

Table of Contents
Figure Data-Driven
7-9: Column reshuffling Solutions
form
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 7-10: Getting
ADO.NET a DataGrid control's column styles
Basics
Figure 7-11: Pop-up menu on DataGrid right-click menu
Chapter 4 - 7-12:
DataGrid Environments
navigation system
Figure
Chapter 6 - 7-13: Implementing
Integrating XML withsearch functionality in a DataGrid control
ADO.NET
Figure 7-14: Filtered data after searching
Chapter 9: ADO.NET Exception Handling
Figure
Chapter 12 - 9-1: A system-generated
Oracle, error
Figure 9-2: An exception-handled error message
Chapter 15 - 9-3:
Figure Using ADO.NET
The custominerror
Xml Web Services
message
Figure
Chapter 17 - 9-4:SqlException
Building messages
Real-World Web for SQL Server not found
Applications
Figure 9-5:SqlException messages when a database table not found
Chapter 10: Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
Figure
Appendix A - 10-1: The output
Relational of Listing
Databases: Some10-1
Basic Concepts
Figure 10-2: Export Text Wizard options
IndexFigure 10-3: The advanced options of the Export Text Wizard
List of Figures
Figure 10-4: Delimiter options of the Export Text Wizard
List of Tables
List ofFigure
Listings
10-5: Exported Employees.txt file from Nothwind.mdb
List of Sidebars
Figure 10-6: Selecting the Microsoft Text Driver (*.txt, *.csv) option
Figure 10-7: Setting the DSN name and description
Figure 10-8: Selecting the directory and file types
Figure 10-9: Defining a text file format and column settings
Figure 10-10:Employees.xls data view

Chapter 11:Applied
Stored Procedures
ADO.NET: and Views
Figure 11-1: Apress
Viewing available stored procedures in the Northwind database
2003 (928 pages)
Create, edit, delete, and run stored procedure options
Figure 11-3: namespaces
Stored procedure editor and how to integrate both with
and classes,
ADO.NET.
Figure 11-4: Creating a stored procedure
Table Figure 11-5: The mySP stored procedure in the editor

of Contents
Figure 11-6: The mySP stored procedure listed for the Northwind database
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 11-7:
Figure ADO.NET
The Basics
output of the mySP stored procedure in VS .NET
Figure
Chapter 3 - 11-8: Stored
ADO.NET procedure with
in Disconnected input parameter
Environments
Figure 11-9: Registering a stored procedure parameter
Chapter 6 - 11-10:
Figure Integrating XML with
The output of ADO.NET
stored procedure CustOrdersDetail
Figure
Chapter 8 - 11-11: The output
Constraints of stored
and Data procedure mySP
Relations
Figure 11-12: A stored procedure with parameters
Chapter 11 - 11-13:
Figure Stored Output
of Listing 11-2
Figure
Chapter 13 - 11-14: Adding
Developing tables to
a Custom theProvider
Data view designer
Figure 11-15: Creating a view after selecting columns from three tables
Chapter 16 - 11-16:
Saving a Controls
view and Data Binding
Figure
Chapter 18 - 11-17: Entering a Mapping
Object-Relational name forinthe view
.NET
Figure 11-18: Available views in the Server Explorer
Chapter 21 - 11-19:
Figure Messaging
Results of the CustEmpView view after executing it from the Server Explorer
Figure
Appendix A - 11-20: TheDatabases:
Relational output theSome
CustEmpView view from a program
Basic Concepts
Chapter 12: Oracle, SQLXML, and Other .NET Data Providers
Index
List ofFigure
Figures12-1: Adding a reference to System.Data.OracleClient.dll
List of Tables
List ofFigure 12-2: Adding a reference to Microsoft.Data.SqlXml.dll
Listings
List of Sidebars
Chapter 13: Developing a Custom Data Provider
Figure 13-1: A Web-service-based data provider that accesses a Relational Database Management
System (RDBMS)
Figure 13-2: A custom data provider at a high level
Figure 13-3: Data from pipeddata.txt in Notepad
Figure 13-4: The output of the PipedDataProvider application

Chapter 14:Applied
Developing Database
ADO.NET: Building WebSolutions
Data-Driven Applications using ASP.NET
Figure 14-1: Apress
The FirstWebApplication
2003 (928 pages) project
Default WebForm1.aspx page
Figure 14-3: namespaces
HTML view of WebForm1.aspx
ADO.NET.
Figure 14-4: An ASP.NET page's right-click options
Table Figure 14-5: An ASP.NET document's page properties

of Contents
Figure 14-6: Web Forms controls
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 14-7:
WebForms1.aspx Design mode after adding Web Forms controls
Figure
Chapter 3 - 14-8: Properties
ADO.NET window for
in Disconnected the Web controls
Environments
Figure 14-9: Final page of the Web application after changing some control properties
Chapter 6 - 14-10:
Figure Integrating XML with
Document ADO.NET
Outline viewer
Figure
Chapter 8 - 14-11: HTML
Constraints view
and of Relations
Data the Document Outline viewer
Figure 14-12: Output of your first Web application
Chapter 11 - 14-13:
Figure Stored Your
first ADO.NET Web application
Figure
Chapter 13 - 14-14: An item
Figure 14-15: Multi-item controls
Chapter 16 - 14-16:
Data-bound and Data Binding
controls
Figure
Chapter 18 - 14-17: properties
DataGrid Mapping
Object-Relational in .NET
Figure 14-18:DataGrid's Auto Format dialog box
Chapter 21 - 14-19:
Figure Messaging
DataGrid general properties
Figure
Appendix A - 14-20: DataGrid
Relational Columns
Databases: properties
Some Basic page
Concepts
Figure 14-21:DataGrid Paging properties page
IndexFigure 14-22:DataGrid Format properties page
List of Figures
List ofFigure
Tables14-23:DataGrid Border properties page
List of Listings
List ofFigure 14-24: The final DataGrid after setting various properties
Sidebars
Figure 14-25: Viewing data in a DataGrid using the design-time data binding method
Figure 14-26: Paging option in a DataGrid
Figure 14-27: Adding, editing, and deleting pages
Figure 14-28: Adding a new record in the Web application
Figure 14-29: Updating records in a Web application
Figure 14-30: Table schema of Guest table of GuestBook.mdb

Figure 14-31:MyGuestBook.aspx submission page
Figure 14-32:byThe
ViewGuestBook.aspx page ISBN:1590590732
Figure 14-33:This
Thank
text you pageextensive coverage of ADO.NET technology
provides
Figure 14-34:interfaces,
Welcomeandto my guest
takes book
Figure 14-35:ADO.NET.
The Thanks.aspx page of the guest book
Figure 14-36: My guest book entries

Table of Contents
Chapter 15: Using ADO.NET in Xml Web Services
Introduction
Figure 15-1: Creating a new Web service project
Chapter 3 - 15-2:
Initially Environments
running the Web service Service1.asmx
Figure
Chapter 5 - 15-3: TheADO.NET
Handling Web service after you add attributes
Events
Figure 15-4: The Order DataSet displayed by the browser in XML format
Chapter 8 - 15-5:
Figure Constraints
Designand Data
View forRelations
searching for and displaying an order
Figure
Working Addthe
Web Reference
ODBC locator
.NET Data Provider
Figure 15-7: Web services available on the local server
Chapter 13 - 15-8:
Figure Developing a Web
Adding Custom Data Provider
references
Figure
Chapter 15 - 15-9:
UsingFiles generated
ADO.NET in Xml by
WebtheServices
Web References Wizard to access the Web service
Figure 15-10: Result of the Fill method in a DataGrid
Chapter 18 - 15-11:
Figure Object-Relational Mapping inand
The InsertOrder .NET
GetOrderFromDatabase methods of
OrderRetrievalWebService
Figure
Chapter 21 - 15-12: Design View of the order customer entry Web service
Messaging
Figure 15-13: Adding an order to the database using Enter Order
Chapter 16: ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Index
List ofFigure
Figures16-1: Adding Button controls to a Web page
List of Tables
Figure 16-2: Loading an image in an ImageButton control
List of Listings
List ofFigure
Sidebars
16-3: The Calendar control in action
Figure 16-4: Using a ListBox Web server control
Figure 16-5: Data binding in a ListBox control
Figure 16-6: Data binding in a DropDownList control
Figure 16-7: Data binding in a DataList control
Figure 16-8: Multiple columns in a DataList control
Figure 16-9: Editable DataList control

Figure 16-10: A DataList control in editable mode
Figure 16-11:byThe
Mahesh Chandwindow
Properties and David
of aTalbot ISBN:1590590732
DataList control
Figure 16-12:This
Data binding
text in aextensive
provides DataGrid controlof ADO.NET technology
coverage
Figure 16-13:interfaces,
The DataGrid control
and takes with the newlook
a comprehensive styles
at XML
Figure 16-14:ADO.NET.
DataGrid with BoundColumns
Figure 16-15: A DataGrid control with button columns

Table of Contents
Figure Data-Driven
16-16: Using template Solutions
columns
Introduction
Figure
Chapter 1 - 16-17: Basics with EditCommandColumn
DataGrid
ADO.NET
Figure 16-18:DataGrid with Save and Cancel options
Chapter
Chapter 517: Building
- Handling Real-World Web Applications
ADO.NET Events
Figure
Chapter 7 - 17-1: The Online
Data Binding Job Board
and Windows application
Forms architecture
Data-Bound Controls
Figure 17-2: Schema of the Job table
Chapter 10 - 17-3:
Figure Working with the
Schema of ODBC .NET Data
the Resumes Provider
table
Figure
Chapter 12 - 17-4: Schema
Oracle, of and
SQLXML, the Users tableData Providers
Other .NET
Figure 17-5: The Login.aspx page
Chapter 15 - 17-6:
Figure UsingSetting
ADO.NETtheinNavigateUrl
Xml Web Services
property of a HyperLink control
Figure
Chapter 17 - 17-7: TheReal-World
Building Register.aspx page
Web Applications
Figure 17-8: The Contact.aspx page
Chapter 20 - 17-9:
Figure COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
The PostJob.aspx page
Figure
Chapter 22 - 17-10: The PostResume.aspx
SQL Server page
Figure 17-11: The DisplayData.aspx page
Appendix C - 17-12:
Figure ADO.NETTheFrequently Asked Questions
Resumes.aspx page
Index
List ofFigure
Figures17-13: The dnjHeader.aspx page
List of Tables
List ofFigure 17-14: The job board
Listings
List of Sidebars
Figure 17-15: View Jobs page
Figure 17-16: The View Resumes page
Chapter 18: Object-Relational Mapping in .NET

Figure 18-1: Basic concept of OR mapping
Figure 18-2: The VideoTape test case output
Figure 18-3: The output of the UserTestCase program

Figure 18-4: The dependencies in the video store application
Figure 18-5: by
TheMahesh
outputChand
of the and David Talbot
CheckInCheckOut test case
ISBN:1590590732
Chapter 19:This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology

Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data
Binding interfaces, and takes a comprehensive look at XML
ADO.NET.
Figure 19-1: The output of the TestDataGrid program
Table Figure 19-2: The output of the TestGridObjects page

of Contents
Figure 19-3: The output of the FancyBinding page with the description shortened
Introduction
Chapter 1 - 19-4:
Figure ADO.NET
The Basics
output of the FancyBinding page with the description expanded
Figure
Chapter 3 - 19-5: The in
ADO.NET data in the VideoCategory
Disconnected table
Environments
Figure 19-6: The output of the test harness
Chapter 6 - 19-7:
Figure Integrating XML with ADO.NET
The BlockedTree table with data
Figure
Chapter 8 - 19-8: The output
Constraints of the
and Data LazyLoading page
Relations
Chapter 9
Figure- 19-9:
The incremental lazy loading test case output
Chapter 20: COM Interoperability and ADO.NET
Figure 20-1: Adding a reference to a COM library
Chapter 15 - 20-2:
Figure UsingNamespace
ADO.NET in Xml
afterWeb Services
adding ADODB namespace to the project
Figure
Chapter 17 - 20-3: Displaying
Building data
Real-World from
Web an ADO recordset to a DataGrid
Applications
Figure 20-4: Adding a reference to ADOX library
Chapter 20 - 20-5:
Figure COM Interoperability
ADOX namespace and ADO.NET
listed in project references
Figure
Chapter 22 - 20-6: Browsing
SQL Server and the Notes on library
msadomd.dll
ADO.NET: Performance
Figure 20-7: Adding a reference to msadomd.dll library
Appendix C - 20-8:
ADOMD Asked Questions
namespace listed in the project namespaces
Index
List ofFigure
Figures20-9: Windows form to test ADOMD
List of Tables
Figure 20-10: All available cubes in the FoodMart 2000 database
List of Listings
List ofFigure
Sidebars
20-11: Getting dimensions of a cube
Figure 20-12: Viewing dimension properties
Chapter 21: Messaging

Figure 21-1: Viewing the Messaging Queuing node from Computer Management
Figure 21-2: Managing message queues through the Server Explorer
Figure 21-3: Message Queue Manager form
Figure 21-4: A simple messaging application

Figure 21-5: Applied
Messaging application
ADO.NET: in action
Figure 21-6: Apress
Creating a transactional
2003 (928 pages)
queue using the Server Explorer
Chapter 22:including
SQL ADO.NET
Serverinternals,
and ADO.NET: Notes
namespaces, classes, and on Performance
Figure 22-1: ADO.NET.
The Manage Indexes menu in Enterprise Manager
Figure 22-2: The Manage Indexes dialog box

Table of Contents
Figure 22-3: The Create New Index dialog box
Introduction
Figure 22-4: The Trace Properties dialog box
Figure
Chapter 2 - 22-5: The SQL Server
Data Components Profiler
in Visual with
Studio a trace running
.NET
Figure 22-6: The Query Analyzer's recommendations for the current query
Chapter 5 - 22-7:
Figure Handling
TheADO.NET Events
Query Analyzer's recommendation to create an index that would help the query run
Chapter 6
faster - Integrating XML with ADO.NET
Figure
Chapter 8 - 22-8: The estimated
Constraints and Data execution
Relations plan of the query in Listing 22-1
Figure 22-9: The estimated execution plan of the query in Listing 22-2
Chapter 11 - 22-10:
Figure Stored A
Procedures
join table and
that Views
doesn't need a primary key
Figure
Chapter 13 - 22-11: Generic
Developing data access
a Custom class consumer application
Data Provider
Appendix A: Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts
Figure
Chapter 17 - A-1: Customers
Building table
Real-World before
Web normalization
Applications
Figure A-2: Two rows of data from the Customers table
Chapter 20 - A-3:
Figure COMCustomers
Interoperability
tableand ADO.NET
schema after 1NF
Figure
Chapter 22 - A-4:
SQL Data ofand
Server the ADO.NET:
Customers tableonafter
Notes 1NF
Performance
Appendix C - A-6:
Orders Asked
table after 2NFQuestions
Index
List ofFigure
FiguresA-7: Relationship between the Customers and Orders tables
List of Tables
List of Listings
List ofFigure
Sidebars
A-9: Orders table after 2NF
Figure A-11: Data of the Orders table after 3NF
Appendix B: Commonly Used SQL Statements

Figure B-1: Creating a new query in Access 2000
Figure B-2: Selecting database tables
Figure B-3: The Query Editor of Access 2000

Figure B-4: Customers table schema
Applied ADO.NET: of the
Building Northwind database
Figure B-5: Orders table schema of the Northwind database
This text
Figure B-6: Output of provides extensive
the SELECT coverage of ADO.NET technology
statement
Figure B-7: Output of SELECT * FROM Customers statement
ADO.NET.
Figure B-8: Output of the SELECT...WHERE statement
Table Figure B-9: Output of query that uses the SQL SUM function
of Contents
Figure B-10: Output of COUNT
Introduction
Chapter 1 - B-11:
Output of GROUP BY
Figure
Chapter 3 - B-12: Output
ADO.NET of the AliasEnvironments
in Disconnected statement
Figure- B-13:
Chapter 5
Output of the JOIN statement
Appendix
- DataC:
Chapter 7 ADO.NET
Binding Frequently
and Windows Asked
Forms Data-Bound ControlsQuestions
Figure
Chapter 9 - C-1: Paging
ADO.NET in an ADO.NET
Exception Handling application
Figure C-2: Getting a database schema programmatically
Chapter 12 - C-3:
Figure Oracle, SQLXML,
Users table and Other .NET Data Providers
schema
Figure
Developing and writing
Database Web images in a database
Applications final form
using ASP.NET
Figure C-5: Displaying a bitmap after reading data from a database
Chapter 17 - C-6:
DiffGram Web Applications
format
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
List of Tables
Chapter 3: This
ADO.NET inextensive
text provides Disconnected Environments
interfaces,
Table 3-1: The and takes
System.Data a comprehensive
Namespace look at XML
Classes
ADO.NET.
Table 3-2: The System.Data.Common Namespace Classes
Table Table 3-3: The DataColumn Class Properties

of Contents
Table 3-4: The DataRow Class Properties
Introduction
Chapter 1 -3-5:
Table ADO.NET Basics
The DataRow Class Methods
Table
Chapter 3 -3-6: The DataRowState
ADO.NET Enumeration Members
Table 3-7: The DataTable Class Properties
Chapter 6 -3-8:
Table Integrating XML with ADO.NET
The DataTable Class Methods
Table
Chapter 8 -3-9: The DataView
Constraints and DataClass Properties
Relations
Table 3-10: The DataView Class Methods
Table 3-11:DataSetView Properties
Table 4-1: Sql Data Provider Classes
Chapter 17 -4-2:
Table Building Real-World
Connection Web Applications
Object Properties
Table
Chapter 19 -4-3: The ConnectionType
Mapped Enumeration
Objects: Performance Members
Table
Chapter 21 -4-4: The Connection Class Members
Messaging
Table 4-5: The OLE DB Services Settings
Appendix B -4-6:
Table Commonly Used Pooling
Connection SQL Statements
Settings
IndexTable 4-7: The Command Properties
List of Figures
Table 4-8: The CommandType Enumeration Members
List of Tables
List ofTable
Listings
4-9: The DataReader Properties
List of Sidebars
Table 4-10: The DataReader Methods
Table 4-11: The SqlDataAdpater Class Properties
Table 4-12:OleDbDataAdapter Command Properties with Examples
Table 4-13: The DataAdapter Methods
Table 4-14: The SqlParameter Class Properties
Table 4-15: Methods of the Transaction Class
Table 4-16: Isolation Levels Available for Transactions

Table 4-17:Transaction Methods
Applied ADO.NET: in theData-Driven
Building Sql Data Provider
Solutions
Chapter 5: Handling ADO.NET Events
Table 5-1: InfoMessageEventArgs Properties look at XML
Table 5-2: The ConnectionState Enumeration Members
ADO.NET.
Table 5-3: The FillErrorEventArgs Members

Table of Contents
Table
Applied 5-4: The SqlRowUpdatedEventArgs
ADO.NETBuilding Data-Driven Solutions Members
Introduction
Table 5-5: The DataTable Events
Chapter 2 -5-6:
Table Data Components in Visual
XmlDataDocument Studio .NET
Events
Table
Chapter 4 -5-7: The XmlNodeChangedEventArgs
ADO.NET in Connected Environments Properties
Table
Chapter 6 -5-8: The ListChangedEventArgs
Integrating XML with ADO.NET Members
Chapter
Chapter 8 6: Integrating
- Constraints XML with ADO.NET
and Data Relations
Table
Chapter 10 -6-1: The XmlNodeType
Working Enumeration's
with the ODBC .NET Members
Data Provider
Table
Chapter 12 -6-2: The SQLXML,
Oracle, XmlReader Class.NET
and Other Properties
Data Providers
Table 6-3: The XmlReader Class Methods
Chapter 15 -6-4:
Table Using ADO.NET
Some in Xml Web
XmlElement Services
Class Methods
Table
Chapter 17 -6-5: The XmlReadMode
Building Real-World Web Members
Applications
Table 6-6: The XmlWriteMode Members
Chapter 20 -6-7:
Table COM Interoperability and
XPathNavigator ADO.NET
Members
Table 7-1: The BindingManagerBase Class Methods
IndexTable 7-2: The DataGrid Class Properties
List of Figures
List ofTable
Tables7-3: The DataGrid Class Methods
List of Listings
Table 7-4: The DataGrid Class Protected Methods
List of Sidebars
Table 7-5: The DataGridColumnStyle Properties
Table 7-6: The DataGridColumnStyle Methods
Table 7-7: The DataGridBoolColumn Properties
Table 7-8: The DaaGrid.HitTestType Enumeration
Chapter 8: Constraints and Data Relations

Table 8-1: The ForeignKeyConstraint Class Properties
Table 8-2: The UniqueConstraint
Applied Class
ADO.NET: Building Properties Solutions
Data-Driven
Table 8-3: The ConstraintCollection Class Methods
This
Table 8-4: The text provides extensive
DataRelation coverage of ADO.NET technology
Class Properties
interfaces,
Table 8-5: The and takes a comprehensive
DataRelationCollection look
Class at XML
Methods
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Table 9-1: Exception Class Properties
Introduction
Table 9-2: The System.Data Exception Classes
Table
Chapter 2 -9-3:
DataSeverity Levelsin Visual Studio .NET
Components
Table -9-4:
Chapter 4
The SqlException Class Properties
Chapter
Chapter 6 10: Working
- Integrating with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
XML with ADO.NET
Table
Chapter 8 -10-1: The ODBC
Constraints .NETRelations
and Data Data Provider Classes
Chapter 11: Stored Procedures and Views
Chapter 12 -11-1:
Table Oracle,
TheSQLXML, and Other .NET Data
ParameterDirection Providers
Members
Table 12-1: Oracle Data Provider Classes
Chapter 18 -12-2:
Table Object-Relational Mapping in Properties
The SqlXmlCommand .NET
Table
Chapter 20 -12-3:
COM The
Interoperability and ADO.NET Members
SqlXmlCommandType
Appendix B -13-1:
Table Commonly Used SQL of
The Properties Statements
the IDbConnection Interface
IndexTable 13-2: The Methods of the IDbConnection Interface
List of Figures
Table 13-3: The Properties of the IDbCommand Interface
List of Tables
List ofTable
Listings
13-4: The Methods of the IDbCommand Interface
List of Sidebars
Table 13-5: The Properties of the IDataReader Interface
Table 13-6: The Methods of the IDataReader Interface
Table 13-7: The Properties of the IDataRecord Interface
Table 13-8: The Methods of the IDataRecord Interface
Table 13-9: The Properties of the IDbDataAdapter Interface
Table 13-10: The Properties of the IDbDataAdapter Object

Table 13-11: The Methods of the IDbDataAdapter Object
Chapter 14:Apress
2003 (928 pages)
Table 14-1: HTML Server
including Controls
namespaces
Table 14-2: Web and classes, and how to integrate both with
Server Controls
ADO.NET.
Table 14-3: Validation Controls
Table Table
of Contents
14-4: ASP.NET Data-Bound Controls
Table 14-5:DataGrid Control Properties
Introduction
Table 14-6: Web Controls on MyGuestBook.aspx Page
Chapter 3 -14-7:
Table ADO.NET
WebinControls
of ViewGuestBook.aspx
Table
Chapter 5 -14-8: Controls
Handling of Thanks.aspx
ADO.NET Events Page
Chapter
Chapter 716:Binding
- Data ASP.NET Server
and Windows Controls
Forms Data-Bound and Data Binding
Controls
Chapter 9 -16-1:
Table ADO.NET Exception Handling
The Calendar Class Properties
Table
Chapter 11 -16-2: ASP.NET
Stored Templates
Table 16-3: Templates Supported by the Repeater Control
Chapter 14 -16-4:
Table Developing Database
The Values Web
of the Applications
B Part usingFormat
of the Data ASP.NET
String of ListControl
Table
Chapter 16 -16-5: The Server
ASP.NET BaseDataList Class
Controls and DataProperties
Binding
Table 16-6: The DataList Class Properties
Table 16-7: The TableItemStyle Class Properties
Chapter 21 -16-8:
Table Messaging
The DataGrid Control Events
Table 18-1: The VideoTape Table
Index
List ofTable 18-2: The VideoCheckIn Table
Figures
List of Tables
Table 18-3: The VideoCheckOut Table
List of Listings
List ofTable
Sidebars
18-4: The Users Table
Chapter 19: Mapped Objects: Performance Considerations and Data

Binding
Table 19-1: The VideoCategory Table, the Poor Performance Way
Table 19-2: The VideoCategory Table, the High Performance Way
Table 19-3: The BlockedTree Table
Table 19-4: An Indexed Table

Chapter 20:Applied
COMADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Table 20-1:Tlbimp.exe Options
including ADO.NET
Table 20-2:Tlbexp.exe internals, namespaces, classes, and
Options
ADO.NET.
Table Table 21-1: The MessageQueue Class Properties

of Contents
Table 21-2: The MessageQueueCriteria Class Properties
Introduction
Chapter 1 -21-3:
Table ADO.NET
Path Basics
for Different Types of Queues
Table
Chapter 3 -21-4: The MessagePriority
ADO.NET Enumeration Members
Appendix
Chapter 5 A: Relational
- Handling ADO.NET EventsDatabases: Some Basic Concepts
Chapter 7 -A-1:
Table DataRecordset
Binding and Windows
Cursor TypeForms Data-Bound
and Their ValuesControls
in ADO
Table
Chapter 9 -A-2: Isolation
ADO.NET Levels Handling
Exception
Table A-3: Isolation Levels and Data Consistency
Chapter 12 -A-4:
Table Oracle, SQLXML,
Locking and Other .NET Data Providers
Types
Table B-1: Conditional Statements Used in SQL
Appendix C: ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions
Table C-1:IDataReader Meta-Data
Chapter 22 -C-2:
Table SQLThe
Server and ADO.NET:
Registry ClassNotes on Performance
Members
Table
Appendix B -C-3: The RegistryKey
Commonly Class Properties
Used SQL Statements
IndexTable C-4: The RegistryKey Class Methods
List of Figures
Table C-5: The DiffGram Elements
List of Tables
List ofTable
Listings
C-6: The DataRowState Members
List of Sidebars
Table C-7: The CommandBehavior Enumeration
List of Listings
Chapter 1: This
ADO.NET Basics
interfaces,
Listing 1-1: Your ADO.NETand takes a comprehensive look at XML
Application
ADO.NET.
Listing 1-2: Viewing Data from a SQL Server Database to a DataGrid Control

Table of Contents
Introduction
Listing 2-1: Added Sql Server Provider Components
Listing
Chapter 2 - 2-2: Components inConnection
DataAdapter
Data through
Visual Studio .NET TableMapping
Listing 2-3: Form's Load Event Handler
Chapter 5 - 2-4:
Listing Handling ADO.NET
Calling Events from a Button Click
DataForm1
Listing
Chapter 7 - 2-5:
DataCalling and Windowsfrom
BindingDataForm2 a Button
Forms Click Controls
Data-Bound
Listing- 2-6:
Chapter 9
The Load and Update Button Click Event Handlers
Chapter 10 - 2-7:
Listing Working with the ODBC
LoadDataSet .NETGenerated
Method Data Provider
by the Data Form Wizard
Listing
Chapter 12 - 2-8: TheSQLXML,
Oracle, Method
and Other
FillDataSet Generated
.NET Data by the Data Form Wizard
Providers
Listing
Chapter 14 - 2-9: The UpdateDataSource
Developing and UpdateDataSet
Database Web Applications using ASP.NET Methods Generated by the Data Form
Wizard
Listing 2-10: Cancel All Button Click Event Handler
Chapter 3: ADO.NET in Disconnected Environments
Listing 3-1: Creating Columns Using Different DataColumn Constructors
Chapter 22 - 3-2:
Listing SQL Creating
Server and ADO.NET: Notes
a DataColumn onSetting
and Performance
Its Properties
Listing
Appendix B - 3-3: SettingUsed
Commonly a DataColumn as the Primary Key
SQL Statements
IndexListing 3-4: Creating the Id and Name Data Columns of the Customers Table
List of Figures
Listing 3-5: Creating a Table Using DataTable and DataColumn
List of Tables
List ofListing
Listings
3-6: Using the ColumnMapping Property of DataColumn
List of Sidebars
Listing 3-7: Adding and Removing Custom Properties
Listing 3-8: Using the Ordinal and MaxLength Properties
Listing 3-9: Setting the Values of the Id, Address, and Name Columns of a DataRow
Listing 3-10: Adding Rows to a DataTable Using DataRow
Listing 3-11: Calling DataRow'sRejectChanges and Delete Methods
Listing 3-12: Calling the RowState Property
Listing 3-13: Creating a Customer/Order Relationship Using DataRelation

Listing 3-14: Applied
Form's Constructor Calling CreateCustomersTable,
ADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions CreateOrdersTable, and
BindData by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Listing 3-15: This
Customer/Orders Relationship Example
Listing 3-16: interfaces,
Class-Level DataTable
and and DataSet
takes a comprehensive lookVariables
at XML
Listing 3-17: ADO.NET.
The CreateCustomersTable Method
Listing 3-18: The AddRowBtn_Click Method

Table of Contents
Listing
Applied 3-19: The DeleteRow_Click
ADO.NETBuilding Method
Introduction
Listing 3-20: The SearchButtonClick Method
Chapter 2 - 3-21:
Listing Data Components
Sorting DatainUsing
Visualthe
Studio .NET Method
Select
Listing
Chapter 4 - 3-22: Saving
ADO.NET a DataTable
in Connected Data in an XML Document
Environments
Listing
Chapter 6 - 3-23: Using XML
Integrating the Contains, Find, and Remove Method of DataRowCollection
with ADO.NET
Listing 3-24: Using the InsertAt and RemoveAt Methods
Chapter 9 - 3-25:
Listing ADO.NET Exception
Removing Handlingfrom a Collection
a Column
Listing
Chapter 11 - 3-26:
StoredDetermining the State
Procedures and Views of a Row
Listing 3-27: Editing Rows Using BeginEdit,CancelEdit, and EndEdit Methods
Chapter 14 - 3-28:
Listing Developing
SettingDatabase Web Applications
and Reading using ASP.NET
Custom Properties of a DataSet
Listing
ASP.NET DataTable
Server Objects
Controls and to a DataSet
Data Binding
Listing 3-30: Using Copy,Clone, and Clear Methods of DataSet
Chapter 19 - 3-31:
Merging TwoPerformance
DataSetse Considerations and Data Binding
Listing
Chapter 21 - 3-32: Merging DataRow and DataTable Objects
Messaging
Listing 3-33: Creating DataView Objects from a DataTable
Listing 3-34: Adding, Updating, and Deleting Rows of a DataView
IndexListing 3-35: Finding Rows in a DataView Using the Find Method
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 4-1: Creating SqlConnection Objects
Listing 4-2: Connecting to an OleDb Database and Reading the OleDbConnection Properties
Listing 4-3: Connecting to a SQL Server Using the OleDb Data Provider
Listing 4-4: Connecting to a SQL Server and Reading the SqlConnection Properties
Listing 4-5: Creating Two Connections with Different Strings
Listing 4-6: Calling ReleaseObjectPool
Listing 4-7: Setting and Getting SqlCommand Properties

Listing 4-8: Using SqlCommand to Read Data from a Database
by Mahesh
Listing 4-9: Using Chand and
OleCommand to David
AccessTalbot ISBN:1590590732
an Access Database
Listing 4-10: This
Calling
textaprovides
Stored Procedure Using SqlCommand
The SalesandBytakes
Yeara comprehensive look in
Stored Procedure at the
XMLNorthwind Database
Executing and Reading the Results of a Stored Procedure
Listing 4-13: Adding the Subtotal Listing to the Output of the Stored Procedure Results
Table of Contents
Listing Data-Driven Solutions
4-14: Using TableDirect to Read a Table
Introduction
Listing
ADO.NET Records to a Table Using the INSERT SQL Statement
Basics
Listing 4-16: Using the ExecuteScalar Method to Retrieve a Single Value
Chapter 4 - 4-17:
Listing ADO.NET in Connected
DataReader Environments
Reads Data from a SQL Server Database
Listing
Chapter 6 - 4-18: Executing
Integrating XML Batches Using DataReader
with ADO.NET
Listing 4-19: Creating SqlDataAdapter Instances
Chapter 9 - 4-20:
Executing Handling* Statement Using OleDbDataAdapter
a SELECT
Listing
Chapter 11 - 4-21:
StoredUsing
SqlDataAdapter Properties
Listing
Chapter 13 - 4-22: Calling
Developing aaCustom Data ProviderFill Method
DataAdapter's
Listing 4-23: Using the FillSchema Method of SqlDataAdapter
Chapter 16 - 4-24:
Listing ASP.NET Server Controls
Displaying andTable
the Orders Data Binding
Data in a DataGrid Using OleDbDataAdapter
Listing
Chapter 18 - 4-25: Displaying the
Object-Relational Customers
Mapping in .NETTable's Data in a DataGrid Using SqlDataAdapter
Listing 4-26: Setting the DeleteCommand Property of DataAdapter
Chapter 21 - 4-27:
Listing Messaging
Creating a SqlParameter
Listing
Appendix A - 4-28: Calling
Relational the FillSome
Databases: Method ofConcepts
Basic a DataAdapter
Listing 4-29: Removing a Row and Calling the Update Method of a DataAdapter
Index
Listing 4-30: Calling a DataAdapter'sUpdate Method
List of Figures
List ofListing
Tables4-31: Using DataTableMapping to Map the Orders Table of Northwind
List of Listings
List ofListing 4-32: Using DataTableMapping with the Table Option
Sidebars
Listing 4-33: Using DataColumnMapping
Listing 4-34: Creating and Using the SqlCommandBuilder Class
Listing 4-35: Creating a Parameter
Listing 4-36: Filling Data from Multiple Tables
Listing 4-37: Merging Two DataSet Objects
Listing 4-38: Adding, Editing, and Deleting a DataSet Rows

Listing 4-39: Using the AcceptChanges and RejectChanges Methods of a DataSet
Listing 4-40: by Mahesh
Saving Chand
Only and David
Modified Rows Talbot
of a DataSet ISBN:1590590732
Listing 4-41: This
Private
textMembers
The Load Data Button's
and takes Click Event Handler
Optimistic Concurrency
Listing 4-44: Pessimistic Concurrency

Table of Contents
Listing
Applied 4-45: Using Savepoints
ADO.NETBuilding in Solutions
Data-Driven the Sql Data Provider
Introduction
Listing 4-46: Executing Multiple SQL Queries Using SqlTransaction
Chapter
Chapter 3 5: Handling
- ADO.NET ADO.NET
in Disconnected Events
Environments
Listing
Chapter 5 - 5-1: Writing
Handling Event Handlers
ADO.NET Events for the InfoMessage and StateChange Events
Listing 5-2: Writing Code That Executes Connection Events
Chapter 8 - 5-3:
Listing Constraints and Data Relations
SqlDataAdapter Event Handler Bodies
Listing
Chapter 10 - 5-4:DataAdapter
Working .NET Data Event
FillError
with the ODBC Handler Code
Provider
Listing 5-5: The RowUpdated Event Handler
Listing 5-6: The RowUpdating Event Handler
Chapter 15 - 5-7:
Listing Using ADO.NET
Calling in Xml Web Services
the DataAdapter's Fill and Update Methods
Listing
Chapter 17 - 5-8: Writing
Building Code toWeb
Real-World CallApplications
MergeFailed Event Handler
Listing 5-9: Writing the ColumnChanging and ColumnChanged Event Handlers
Chapter 20 - 5-10:
Listing COM Interoperability and ADO.NETand RowChanged Event Handlers
Writing the RowChanging
Listing
Chapter 22 - 5-11: Writingand
SQL Server theADO.NET:
RowDeleting and
Notes on RowDeleted Event Handlers
Performance
Listing 5-12: The XmlDataDocument Event Handling Example
Appendix C - 5-13:
Listing ADO.NET
The Frequently
NodeChangedAskedEvent
Questions
Handler
Index
List ofListing
Figures5-14: The NodeInserted Event Handler
List of Tables
List ofListing 5-15: The NodeRemoved Event Handler
Listings
List of Sidebars
Listing 5-16:DataView OnListChanged Event Handler
Listing 5-17: The DataView Event Handler Caller
Chapter 6: Integrating XML with ADO.NET

Listing 6-1: Reading an XML File
Listing 6-2: Getting XML Node Information
Listing 6-3: Getting Node Information

Listing 6-4: Using the MoveToContent Method
by Mahesh
Listing 6-5: Using Chand and DavidofTalbot
the GetAttribute a Node ISBN:1590590732
Listing 6-6: Using the Skip
This text Method
Listing 6-7:XmlWriter Example
ADO.NET.
Listing 6-8: Output of the XmlWriterSample.vb Class
Listing 6-9: Using the XmlConvert Class

Table of Contents
Listing Data-Driven Solutions Sample
6-10: The XmlDocumentFragment
Introduction
Listing
Chapter 1 - 6-11: Appending
ADO.NET Basics in an XML Document Fragment
Listing 6-12: Adding Nodes to a Document
Chapter 4 - 6-13:
Getting Environments
the Root Node of a Document
Listing
Chapter 6 - 6-14: Removing
Integrating All Items
XML with of a Node
ADO.NET
Listing 6-15: Calling RemoveAll for books.xml
Chapter 9 - 6-16:
Calling Handling
ReplaceChild
Listing
Chapter 11 - 6-17:
StoredInserting an XML
Procedures Fragment into a Document
and Views
Listing 6-18: Adding a Node with Attributes
Chapter 14 - 6-19:
Listing Developing Database
An XSL Web Applications using ASP.NET
Transformation
Listing
Chapter 16 - 6-20: Using
ASP.NET the WriteXml
Server Controls andMethod
Data Binding
Listing 6-21:WriteXml Method Output
Chapter 19 - 6-22:
Using Performance Considerations
the WriteXmlSchema Method and Data Binding
Listing
Chapter 21 - 6-23: XmlDataDocumentSample.vb
Messaging
Listing 6-24: Saving the DataSet Data to an XML Document
Appendix B - 6-25:
Listing Commonly Used
Moving SQL Statements
to Root and First Child Nodes Using XPathNavigator
IndexListing 6-26: Reading a Document Using XPathNavigator
List of Figures
Listing 6-27: Using XPathIterator and Select
List of Tables
List of Listings
Listing 6-28: The XML Schema Generated for a Database Table
List of Sidebars

Listing 7-1: Binding a TextBox Using Binding
Listing 7-2: Binding Multiple Controls Using Binding
Listing 7-3: Counting and Removing Binding Objects
Listing 7-4: Reading All the Bindings of a Form
Listing 7-5: Reading a TextBox Control's Binding Properties

Listing 7-6: Adding Format and Parse Event Handlers
by Mahesh
Listing 7-7: Reading All Chand and
Controls David Talbotin Data Binding
Participating ISBN:1590590732
Listing 7-8: Record Navigation
This text System Variables
Listing 7-9:LoadData
interfaces,and
andGetDataSet Methodslook at XML
Move Next, Move Previous, Move First, and Move Last Button Code
Listing 7-11: Adding a ListBox Control Event Handler

Table of Contents
Listing
Applied 7-12: Raising Data-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding ListBox Events
Solutions
Introduction
Listing 7-13: The Form Load Event Handler
Chapter 2 - 7-14:
Listing Data Components in Visual Method
The FillDataSet Studio .NET
Listing
Chapter 4 - 7-15: Binding
ADO.NET and ComboBox Controls
ListBoxEnvironments
in Connected
Listing- 7-16:
Chapter 6
Setting the DataSource and DataMember Properties of a DataGrid Control
Chapter 7
Listing- 7-17:
Creating and Adding a DataGridTableStyle
Chapter 9 - 7-18:
Creating Handling
a DataGridTableStyle from CurrencyManager
Listing
Chapter 11 - 7-19:
StoredCreating a DataGridBoolColumn
Listing 7-20:AllowNavigation in Action
Chapter 14 - 7-21:
Listing Developing
Using Database
Some of Web Applications Color
the DataGrid's using ASP.NET
and Font Properties
Listing
ASP.NET ControlsCaption
DataGrid's Properties
and Data Binding
Listing 7-23: Form's Load Method
Chapter 19 - 7-24:
The PerformanceMethod
CreateDataSet Considerations and Data Binding
Listing
Chapter 21 - 7-25: The FillDataGrid Method
Messaging
Listing
Appendix A - 7-26: Seeing
Relational HitTest
Databases: in Action
Some Basic Concepts
Listing 7-27: The FillDataGrid and Form_Load Methods
IndexListing 7-28: Exchanging the Button Click Handler
List of Figures
List ofListing
Tables7-29: The ReshuffleColumns Method
List of Listings
Listing 7-30: Getting a DataGrid Columns' Style Using DataGridColumnStyle
List of Sidebars
Listing 7-31: Getting a DataGrid Column Header Name
Listing 7-32: Getting the Current DataGridColumnStyle
Listing 7-33: Sorting a DataGrid Control's Columns
Listing 7-34:CustRecordSet.vb
Listing 7-35: Creating a Custom Recordset
Listing 7-36: Moving Record Button Click Event Handlers

Listing 7-37:FillDataGrid Method
Seach Chand
Button and
Click DavidHandler
Event Talbot ISBN:1590590732
Listing 7-39: This
Saving
textUpdated
providesData in a Data
extensive Source
coverage from a DataGrid
of ADO.NET technology Control
Chapter 8: Constraints and Data Relations
ADO.NET.
Listing 8-1: Creating a FOREIGN KEY Constraint
Table Listing
of Contents
8-2: Creating a UNIQUE Constraint
Listing 8-3: Adding and Removing Constraints
Introduction
Listing 8-4: Adding UNIQUE Constraints
Chapter 3 - 8-5:
Listing ADO.NET in Disconnected
Reading Environments
All the Constraints of a Collection
Listing
Handling a PRIMARY
ADO.NET EventsKEY Constaint to a DataTable
Listing 8-7: Filling a DataSet from Two Tables
Chapter 8 - 8-8:
Listing Constraints
Creatingand Data Relations
a DataRelation
Listing
Chapter 10 - 8-9: Getting
Working withDataRelation Properties
Listing 8-10: Deleting a Data Relation from the Collection
Listing
Chapter 16 - 9-1: Opening
ASP.NET a File
Listing 9-2: A Simple Exception Handling Block
Chapter 19 - 9-3:
A Simple Performance Considerations
Try...Catch Block and Data Binding
Listing
Chapter 21 - 9-4: The Try...Catch...Finally Statement
Messaging
Listing 9-5: Using Nested Try...Catch and Multiple Catch Blocks
Appendix B - 9-6:
Defining SQL Statements
a Custom Filter and Error Message
IndexListing 9-7: Reading Data from a SQL Server
List of Figures
Listing 9-8: Using the SqlError and SqlErrorCollection Objects
List of Tables
List of Listings
Chapter 10: Working with the ODBC .NET Data Provider
List of Sidebars
Listing 10-1: Reading Data from Northwind Using the ODBC Data Provider
Listing 10-2: Accessing a MySQL Database
Listing 10-3: Accessing the TextDB.txt File
Listing 10-4: Accessing Employees.xls Using the ODBC Data Provider
Chapter 11: Stored Procedures and Views

Listing 11-1: Executing the mySP Stored Procedure Using the Sql Data Provider
Listing 11-2: Applied ADO.NET:in
Using Parameters Building
a StoredData-Driven
Procedure Solutions
Listing 11-3:AddCat1 Stored
Apress 2003 Procedure
(928 pages)
Listing 11-4: including
ExecutingADO.NET
a Storedinternals,
Procedure with Output
namespaces, Parameter
classes, and
Listing 11-5: namespaces
Executing a and
Viewclasses,
Programmatically
ADO.NET.

Table of Contents
Listing
Applied 12-1: Connecting
ADO.NETBuilding to an Oracle
Data-Driven Database
Solutions
Introduction
Listing 12-2:FillDataGrid Method
Chapter 2 - 12-3:
Listing Data ExecuteSqlQuery
Components in Visual Method
Studio .NET
Listing
Chapter 4 - 12-4: Constructing
ADO.NET SQLEnvironments
in Connected INSERT,UPDATE, and DELETE Queries
Listing 12-5: Reading Data Using OracleDataReader
Chapter 7 - 12-6:
Listing Data Binding andOracle-Specific
Using the Windows FormsDataReader
Data-Bound Controls
Methods
Listing
Chapter 9 - 12-7: Reading
ADO.NET and Writing
Exception Data Using OracleDataAdapter
Handling
Listing
Chapter 11 - 12-8:
StoredUsing SqlXmlAdapter
Listing 12-9: Using SqlXmlCommand to Execute Commands
Listing
Chapter 17 - 13-1: TheReal-World
Building Implementation for an Enumerator
Web Applications
Listing 13-2: The PipedDataConnection Object
Chapter 20 - 13-3:
Listing COM Interoperability and ADO.NETObject
The PipedDataCommand
Listing
Chapter 22 - 13-4: The PipedDataReader
SQL Server and ADO.NET: NotesObject
on Performance
Listing 13-5: The PipedDataAdapter Object
Appendix C - 13-6:
Listing ADO.NET
The Frequently Asked Questions
PipedDataProvider Test Case
Index
List of Figures
Chapter 14: Developing Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
List of Tables
List of Listings
Listing 14-1: Filling Data from a Database to Data-Bound Controls
List of Sidebars
Listing 14-2: ASP.NET Version of Your First ASP.NET Application
Listing 14-3: Filling the DataSet from DataAdapter
Listing 14-4: The PageIndexChanged Handler of the DataGrid Control
Listing 14-5: HTML View of asp:DataGrid
Listing 14-6: Setting the AllowPaging,PageSize, and AllowSorting Properties
Listing 14-7: Setting DataGrid's PageStyle Modes

Listing 14-8: Setting the DataGrid Control's PageStyle Text
Setting an Chand
Image and David
as the Talbot
DataGrid Control'sISBN:1590590732
Next and Previous Page Text
Listing 14-10:This
Thetext
FillDataGrid Method
Listing 14-11:interfaces,
The ExecuteSQL
and takes Method
Listing 14-12:ADO.NET.
Add Button Click Event Handler
Listing 14-13: Updating Data on the Update Button Click

Table of Contents
Listing
Applied 14-14: Deleting
ADO.NETBuilding Data on the
Data-Driven Delete Button Click
Solutions
Introduction
Listing- 14-15:
Chapter 1
Adding Guest Data to the Database
ADO.NET Basics
Chapter 2 - 14-16:
Listing Data Components in Visual Studio .NET
Opening ViewGuestBook.aspx
Listing
Chapter 4 - 14-17:
ADO.NET Event
in Connected
Page_Load Handler Code of ViewGuestBook.aspx
Environments
Listing
Chapter 6 - 14-18: My Home
Integrating Page
XML with and View Guest Book Buttons
ADO.NET
Chapter
Chapter 15: Using
8 - Constraints ADO.NET
and Data Relations in Xml Web Services
Listing
Working GetOrdersFromDatabase Method for Obtaining an Order from an Order ID
Listing 15-2: Adding Descriptions to the WebService and WebMethod Attributes
Listing 15-3: Button-Click Event Handler That Calls the Order Retrieval Web Service
Listing
Chapter 15 - 15-4:
UsingWeb Service
ADO.NET Method
in Xml for Populating an Order in the Database
Web Services
Listing 15-5: Client Event Handler for Executing the Web Service
Chapter 18 - 15-6:
Listing Object-Relational
ExecuteQueryMapping in .NET
Method
Chapter 16: ASP.NET Server Controls and Data Binding
Listing 16-1: Writing Button Click Handlers
Appendix B - 16-2:
Getting SQL Statements
Selected Date of a Calendar Control
IndexListing 16-3: Setting a Calendar Control's Properties
List of Figures
Listing 16-4: The VisibleMonthChanged Event
List of Tables
List of Listings
Listing 16-5: Applying a Simple Template on a Repeater Control
List of Sidebars
Listing 16-6: Adding Templates to a DataList Control
Listing 16-7: Adding Formatting to the Templates of a DataList Control
Listing 16-8: Using the Repeater Control
Listing 16-9: Data Binding in ListBox Control
Listing 16-10: Data Binding in a DropDownList Control
Listing 16-11: Data Binding in the TextBox,Button, and Image Controls

Listing 16-12: Data Binding in a DataList Control
Listing 16-13:bySetting
Mahesh Chand and David
a DataList Talbot
Control's Properties ISBN:1590590732
Listing 16-14:This
Setting
text a DataList
provides Control's
extensive Styles
Listing 16-15:interfaces,
Adding Update,
and takes Cancel, and
a comprehensive
Delete, lookEdit Command Handlers
at XML
Listing 16-16:ADO.NET.
The Code for the Update,Delete,Cancel, and Edit Command Handlers
Listing 16-17: Editable DataList Control

Table of Contents
Listing Data-Driven
16-18: Data Binding Solutions Control
in a DataGrid
Introduction
Listing
Chapter 1 - 16-19: Setting
ADO.NET Basicsa DataGrid Control's Style Properties
Listing 16-20: Rearranging a DataGrid Column's Sequence
Chapter 4 - 16-21:
Formatting EnvironmentsHeader and Footers
BoundColumn's
Listing
Chapter 6 - 16-22: The ButtonColumn
Integrating XML with ADO.NETClick Event Handler
Listing 16-23:DataGrid with Button Columns
Chapter 9
Listing- 16-24:
Using Template Columns
Listing
Chapter 11 - 16-25:
Stored Using Template
Procedures Columns in a DataGrid Control
and Views
Listing
Chapter 13 - 16-26: Editable
Developing DataGrid
Listing 16-27: Implementing Sorting in a DataGrid Control
Chapter 17: Building Real-World Web Applications
Listing
Chapter 19 - 17-1:
MappedLogin Button
Objects: Click EventConsiderations
Performance Handler Codeand Data Binding
Listing 17-2: The Button Click Event Handlers
Listing
Chapter 22 - 17-3: The Register.aspx
SQL Server Code
Listing
Appendix B - 17-4: Send Used
Commonly Message Click Event Handler
SQL Statements
Listing 17-5: The Post Job Button Click Event Handler
Index
List ofListing
Figures17-6: The Reset Fields Click Event Handler
List of Tables
List of Listings
List ofListing
Sidebars
17-8: Adding Options to Post Resume Page
Listing 17-9: The Post Resume Button Click Event Handler
Listing 17-11:DisplayData.aspx HTML View
Listing 17-13: The FillPartialData Method

Listing 17-15:Resumes.aspx HTML View
Chapter 18:Apress
Object-Relational
2003 (928 pages) Mapping in .NET
The VideoTapeData Object
Listing 18-2: namespaces and classes,
The VideoTape Object and how to integrate both with
ADO.NET.
Listing 18-3: The VideoTapeDataAccess Object
Table Listing
of Contents
18-4: The Test Case for the VideoTape Component
Listing 18-5: The User Object in the User Component
Introduction
Listing
Chapter 2 - 18-6: The UserData
Data Components Object
in Visual in the
Studio User Component
.NET
Listing 18-7: The UserDataAccess Object in the User Component
Chapter 5 - 18-8:
Listing Handling
TheADO.NET Events Object
UserTestCase
Listing
Chapter 7 - 18-9:
Data SelectVideosCheckedOutToUser
Listing 18-10: The VideoCheckInCheckOut Object
Chapter 10 - 18-11:
Listing Working with
The the ODBC .NET Data Provider
VideoCheckInCheckOut Object
Listing
Chapter 12 - 18-12:
Oracle,The Test Case
SQLXML, for the
and Other VideoCheckInCheckOut
.NET Data Providers Component
Binding
Listing 19-1: The Code-Behind File of the TestDataGrid Program
Chapter 19 - 19-2:
The Performance
HTML Side Considerations
of the TestDataGrid and Data Binding
Page
Listing
Chapter 21 - 19-3: The HTML of the TestGridObjects Page
Messaging
Listing 19-4: The Theoretical Shopping Cart Example
Appendix B - 19-5:
Listing Commonly Used SQL
The HTML Statements
of the FancyBinding Page
IndexListing 19-6: The Code-Behind Object of the FancyBinding Page
List of Figures
Listing 19-7:VideoCategory and Related Objects
List of Tables
List ofListing
Listings
19-8: The GetBlockedCategory Stored Procedure
List of Sidebars
Listing 19-9: The Addition of the Videos() Array to the VideoCategory Object
Listing 19-10: The HTML Page of the LazyLoading Page
Listing 19-11: The Code-Behind Object of the LazyLoading Page
Listing 19-12: The Incremental Lazy Loading Stored Procedure
Listing 19-13: VideoCategoryIndexer
Listing 19-14: The VideoCategoryIndexer Test Case
Listing 19-15: The WeakCache Object

Chapter 20:Applied
COMADO.NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions
Interoperability
and ADO.NET
ISBN:1590590732
Listing 20-1: Using an ADODB Namespace to Access a Database
Using ADOXADO.NET internals, namespaces, classes, and
from Managed Code
Getting All Available Cubes from the FoodMart 2000 Database
Listing 20-4: Getting All Dimensions of a Cube

Table of Contents
Listing 20-5: Getting Dimension Members
Introduction
Chapter
- ADO.NET Basics
Listing
Chapter 3 - 21-1: Retrieving
ADO.NET Private Queues
Listing 21-2: Retrieving Public Queues
Chapter 6 - 21-3:
Listing Integrating XML
Filtering with ADO.NET
Queues Based on Category, Machine Name, and Label
Listing
Constraints andaData
Queue
Relations
Chapter 9
Listing- 21-5:
Deleting a Queue
Listing
Chapter 11 - 21-6:
StoredGetting a Queue's
Procedures Properties
and Views
Listing 21-7: Sending Messages to a Queue
Chapter 14 - 21-8:
Listing Developing Database
Receiving Web Applications
Messages from a Queueusing ASP.NET
Listing
Chapter 16 - 21-9: Sending
ASP.NET Serverand Receiving
Controls Transactional
and Data Binding Messages
Listing 21-10: Sending Encrypted Messages
Chapter 22: SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
Listing
Chapter 22 - 22-1: The Query
SQL Server from SelectVideosCheckedIn,
and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance Not Optimized
Listing 22-2: An Optimized Version of the SelectVideosCheckedIn Query
Appendix C - 22-3:
Listing ADO.NET Frequently
Using Asked Questions
sp_executesql to Execute a Database Query
Index
List ofListing
Figures22-4: Generic Data Access Class
List of Tables
Listing 22-5: User-Defined Variables
List of Listings
List ofListing
Sidebars
22-6: Using the Generic Data Access Class
Appendix C: ADO.NET Frequently Asked Questions

Listing C-1: Getting a Database Table Schema Using SqlCommand
Listing C-2: Reading DataSet Columns and Their Data Types
Listing C-3:GetPageData Method
Listing C-4: Implementing Paging in ADO.NET

Listing C-5: Transactions in the OleDb Data Provider
by Mahesh
Listing C-6: Reading Chand andSchema
a Database David Talbot
Programmatically
ISBN:1590590732
Listing C-7: Getting a provides
This text Database's Tablescoverage
extensive from a SQL Server Database
Listing C-8: Getting a Database
interfaces, and takesTable Schema look at XML
a comprehensive
Listing C-9: Selecting
ADO.NET.Distinct Rows from a Database Table
Listing C-10: Reading and Writing to and from the Windows Registry
Table of Contents
Listing
Applied C-11: ReadingData-Driven
ADO.NETBuilding ODBC DSNs Solutions
Introduction
Listing C-12: Browse Button Click Event Handler
Chapter 2 - C-13:
Listing Data Components
Save ImageinButton
VisualClick
Studio .NETHandler
Event
Listing
ADO.NET Binary Data
Chapter 5
Listing- C-15:
A DiffGram Format
Chapter 7 - C-16:
Listing Data Binding
Readingand Windows Forms Data-Bound Controls
DiffGrams
Listing
ADO.NET OnlyHandling
Exception Modified Rows of a DataSet
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars
List of Sidebars
Chapter 1: This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology

ADO.NET
including ADO.NETBasics
namespaces
For the History and
Buffs: How classes,
ODBC Cameandto
how
Beto integrate both with
ADO.NET.

Table of Contents
IDE Data-Driven Solutions
vs. Manual Coding
Introduction
Question
Chapter and Answer
1 - ADO.NET Basics
Question and Answer
Chapter 4 - ADO.NET
Question in Connected Environments
and Answer
Chapter 6
Transactions and Concurrency in ADO.NET
Question and Answer
Question Database Web Applications using ASP.NET
and Answer
Paranoid Programming
Chapter 20 -toCOM
Death Interoperability and ADO.NET
N-Tier
Binding
IndexUsing Connection Strings
List of Figures
Using a Better Tree Control
List of Tables
List of Listings
Chapter 22: SQL Server and ADO.NET: Notes on Performance
List of Sidebars
How SQL Server Stores Your Data
Appendix A: Relational Databases: Some Basic Concepts

What Are Deadlocks?

Understanding SQL Injection
ADO.NET.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Index
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Listings
List of Sidebars

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Applied ADO.

NET: Building Data-Driven Solutions

Copyright 2003 by Mahesh Chand and David Talbot

In the United States, phone 1-800-SPRINGER, email <orders@springer-ny.com>, or visit

For Nadia whose patience has carried me through this book.

The following sections briefly introduce this book's chapters.

Figure 1-1: ODBC architecture

For the History Buffs: How ODBC Came to Be [1]

Figure 1-2: DAO model

Performance and Scalability

Connections and Disconnected Data

Table Figure 1-8: The relationship between DataAdapter and Command

The DataAdapter Object

Figure 1-14: Adding a reference to the System.Data.dll assembly

Dim sql As String

Filling Data to a DataSet or DataReader Object

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

Understanding Data Connections

Understanding Connection Strings

Working with SQL DataAdapters

Creating DataAdapters with the Data Adapter Configuration Wizard

TheTableMapping class represents a mapping of DataColumns in the data source to DataColumns in

Figure 2-1: Table Mappings dialog box

Step 5: Reviewing Other Options

Figure 2-2: Previewing data for the DataAdapter

Me.SqlSelectCommand1.CommandText = "SELECT EmployeeID, LastName, " & _

Note To sort in descending order, use DESC instead of ASC.

Step 4: Choosing the DataSet You Want

Step 5: Choosing a Data Connection

Figure 2-13: Choosing columns to display on the Data Form Wizard

Step 9: Choosing the Display Style

Listing 2-4: CallingDataForm1 from a Button Click

Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

Public Class DataForm1

ADataSet is a collection of DataTable components. A DataTable represents a table in a data source.

Figure 3-4: TheSystem.Data.SqlTypes namespace hierarchy

To understand a This text provides extensive coverage of ADO.NET technology

This is the format for creating a DataColumn with no arguments:

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

Setting DataColumn Properties

Dim IdCol As DataColumn = New DataColumn()

Adding a DataColumn to a DataTable

Dim custTable As DataTable = New DataTable("Customers")

of Contents Represents all values in a row

Figure 3-8: ADataTable with three rows

Note In general this relationship is called the parent/child,ormaster/details, relationship.

Table 3-8: The DataTable Class Methods

Listing 3-15: Customer/Orders Relationship Example

Private Sub CreateCustomersTable()

The output of Listing 3-15 looks like Figure 3-9.

Listing 3-17: The CreateCustomersTable Method

' This method creates Customers table

Private Sub RefreshData()

Figure 3-13: Deleting rows from the DataTable

Figure 3-14: Result of clicking the Search button for Name="Amy"

Listing 3-22: Saving a DataTable Data in an XML Document

Private Sub SaveBtn_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, _

Listing 3-23: Using the Contains,Find, and Remove Method of DataRowCollection

Dim rows As DataRowCollection = custTable.Rows

Dim cols As DataColumnCollection = custTable.Columns

The DataRow States and Versions

The DataSet: The Heart of ADO.NET

Dim dtSet1 As DataSet

Merging a DataRow, DataTable, or a DataSet