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Assignment No.

3
Material and Equipment
Management (PGCM-13)

Submitted to:-
National Institute for Construction
Management and Research (NICMAR)
School of Distance Education (SODE)

Submitted by:-
Dijeesh PD
PG PROGRAME IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Reg. No.216-05-11-50661-2183
PGCM-13 PGPCM

CONTENT
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO.
1.0 Scope of Work 3
2.0 Equipment Planning-Procurement and Deployment 4
2.1 Equipment Planning 4
2.2 Equipment Selection 4
2.2. Common factors Affecting Selection of Equipment 5
1
2.3 Mass Haul Diagram 6
2.4 Description of Equipment 7
2.4. Excavator 7
1
2.4. Front End-Loader 8
2
2.4. Motor Graders 8
3
2.4. Trucks (Dumper Truck) 8
4
2.4. Vibratory Roller 9
5
2.5 Calculation of Equipment 10
2.6 Cost of Equipment for Operation 10
2.6. Owning Cost 10
1
2.6. Operation Cost 10
2
2.6. Wages of Operator 11
3
2.7 Total cost of equipment for work 12
3.0 Procurement Planning 13
3.1 Economic Order quantity calculation 13
3.2 Re-Order Level 14
3.3 Ordering Schedule for Bitumen 15
3.4 Total Cost of Material for work 15
4.0 Recommendation and Conclusion 16
5.0 Assumption reference for Price, output, other 17
parameter
5.1 Price Reference 17

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5.1. Equipment Price 17


1
5.1. Material and Labour Price 17
2
5.2 Output Reference 17
5.2. Excavator 17
1
5.2. Front End- Loader 17
2
5.2. Motor Grader 18
3
5.2. Tipper (For dumping surplus earth) 18
4
5.2. Tipper (For filling earth) 18
5
5.2. Tipper (For bringing sand) 19
6
5.2. Vibratory Roller Compactor 19
7
6.0 Bibliography/Readings 20
SECTION-1

1.0 SCOPE OF WORK


One strip of landing of 100m width is to be constructed in 100 days. The scope of work is only
as follows:

- Cutting and dosing of 100,000 cum of earth at an average height of 0.75m.


- Transportation of 20,000 cum of surplus earth from site to be dumping place 3
km away from site (including spreading). Filling of 80,000 cum in landing strip.
- Bringing in 3000 cum of sand from 20 km (incluing spreading and leveling at
site)
- Procurement of 1,50,000 litres of bitumen. Duration of work 30 days from 60 th
day of starting work. Bitumen to be obtained from refinery at Bongaigaon in
Assam. Lead time upto site is 45 days. Storage facility available at site 50,000
litres tank.

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SECTION-2
2.0 EQUIPMENT PLANNING, PROCUREMENT AND DEPLOYMENT
The capital investment on purchase and/or rental/lease, and operation of the plant
and equipment being very high, it has to be managed so as to ensure maximum
return on investment, productivity and minimum operating, maintenance and repair
cost. Thus appropriate selection and planning is essential for successful completion of
project and to secure maximum profit out of it. The type of equipment selected
usually depends upon the characteristics of material to be handled. Whether to use
wheeled equipment or track equipment; whether to use dragline excavator or power
shovel, are some of the typical questions that are to be answered by the planner of
construction equipment.

2.1 EQUIPMENT PLANNING

Success of a project depends greatly on proper and scientific planning. Before starting
any project its planning is done with great care, as the efficiency of the whole project
largely depends upon its planning. While planning each and every detail should be
worked out in anticipation and should be considered carefully. Planning of a
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construction project involves deciding about the extent of mechanization, equipment


planning, and execution planning etc. while planning a highway project equipment
manager should be carefully decided the extent of mechanization so as to minimize
the cost of project.

2.2 EQUIPMENT SELECTION

Proper selection of equipment for a highway construction project is of vital importance


for its speedy and economical completion. Problem of equipment selection has
become more complicated, because large variety of equipments are being
manufactured now-a-days. For selection of equipment, a considerable experience in
the operation and maintenance in the field is essential. Records kept for operation,
maintenance and actual output obtained under comparable conditions of previous
projects will greatly help in taking decision for equipment selection. With the
undertaking of new projects and the retirement of old machinery and equipment, it
becomes necessary to acquire new construction equipment. In this stage, sufficient
knowledge base of current brands and products is necessary. It is also important to
determine what sort of equipment and capacity is needed.

In fact, selection of equipment for the project is one of the key decisions in planning
and executing a construction project, which affects how the work will be done, the
time required to complete the work, and the cost that will be accrued. Generally, an
equipment manager is responsible of selecting the equipment, whereas it is the
responsibility of the construction planning group to select equipment. Nevertheless,
both the inventory of equipment in hand and the standard equipment policy play an
important role in equipment selection. Therefore, final decision on the equipment
required for the projects is generally given by equipment managers, project
managers, and construction planning group together. Often, the decision making
process can create tensions in the firm. Once the selection of equipment is made, a
choice has to be made whether to buy, rent, or lease it. These decisions are given
based on the economic standing and strategy of the firm, and the nature and
frequency of equipment use.

2.2.1 Common factors Affecting Selection of equipment

Every equipment has certain factors those are in common and which are taken into
consideration while selecting equipment. They are listed as follows-
Scope of work to be carried out- since the first concern is getting the job done,
the time frame within which the work is required to be carried out, the
specification of work and the methodology adopted will be of primary concern.
Use of available- for a work where full utilization of new equipment for its entire
working life is not foreseen and its utilization on further project is uncertain it
may be desirable to utilize existing old equipment even though its operation
would be somewhat more expensive. The deprecation cost of new machine is
likely to be high and this would rise the owing cost of the machine and
consequently unit cost of work. Economic should be worked out.
Suitability for job conditions-the equipment selected should suit the demands of
the job conditions. Climate of region and working conditions should be kept in
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view while selecting the type of equipment.


Uniformity in type- it is desirable to have minimum number of types so that
there is uniformity in the type of equipment on a project. It is desirable to select
common type of engine for different machine such as excavators, dump trucks,
tractor and scrapers purchased on the projects.
Size of equipment :- while large size of machines are capable of giving large
outputs on full load, the cost of production is usually greater than that of smaller
units if worked out on part loads. Large size of equipment requires
corresponding large size of matching equipment. And shutting down of one
primary unit may result in making several other equipment idle. Transportation
and shipment are usually difficult and expensive. However large equipments
are more study and suitable for tough working conditions. It is also desirable to
have equipment of same size on the project. If there are standbys the cost of
smaller equipment as standby may be less that of larger size of equipment.
Use of standard Equipments :- standard equipments are commonly
manufactured and are commonly available and are moderately priced. The
spare parts of standard equipment are easily available and less expensive. After
the work is over, it is generally easier to dispose of standard equipment.
Unit cost production :- the economics is one of the most important
considerations in selection of equipment. While working out owing cost all items
of expenses, such as freight, packaging and forwarding, insurance, erection and
commissioning etc. should be included with the price paid to supplier.
Country of origin :- when imports are unavoidable, it is preferable to import from
a soft currency than from a hard currency area, if equipment quality is available.
Availability of spare parts :- Down time for want of necessary spare parts
commonly accounts for long idle periods during working life of equipment,
especially of imported equipment. Availability of spare parts at reasonable cost
during the entire working life should be assured while selecting a particular type
of equipment.
Selection of manufacturer: - it is desirable to have equipment of the same
manufacturer on a project as far as possible and to have minimum number of
different makes of equipment. The quality of local dealers is also important.
Technical consideration:- the efficient performance of any piece of equipment
and its service life are conditioned by following factors :
- Strength
- Rigidity
- Vibration stability
- Resistance to wear
- Heat resistance
- Reliability
- Maintainability
A balance between reliability, investment cost and operating cost should be found
since a policy of selecting the lowest priced equipment can often lead to higher life
cycle costs.

2.3 MASS HAUL DIAGRAM

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Mass haul diagram refers to a graphical representation of the cumulative amount of


earthwork moved along the centreline with distances by cut and embankment that
involved in a road project and the manner in which the earth and materials are to be
moved (Wright, 2003 and NDDOT, 2011). A mass haul diagram is of great value both
in earthwork planning, design and construction of railways and material roads. The
movement of the excavated soil material from its original position to its final location
in the roadwork or other disposal area is known as haul. Mass haul diagram is usually
used to calculate the average haul, free haul between two given balance points and
also the average or free haul for the entire project area. Mass haul diagram is also
useful as a source of information to the contractor about which way the earthwork is
to be moved.
EARTH WORK QUANTITIES
End Area Volume Net Volume
Station

Mass
Total Shrinka Total Fill (-)/
Cut

Fill Fill Diagram


Cut ge 10% Fill Cut (+)
Ordinate

2000.0 2200.0
10 10 1250.00 200.00 -950.00
0 0 0 0
-
4500.0 4950.0
15 30 1350.00 450.00 3600.0
0 0
1 0 -950
-
7750.0 8525.0
12 60 1000.00 775.00 7525.0
0 0
2 0 -4550
-
6000.0 6600.0
8 95 900.00 600.00 5700.0
0 0
3 0 -12075
2000.0 2200.0
10 25 2500.00 200.00 300.00
4 0 0 -17775
1250.0 1375.0 2875.0
40 15 4250.00 125.00
5 0 0 0 -17475
5425.0
45 10 6250.00 750.00 75.00 825.00
6 0 -14600
10100.0 9715.0
80 5 350.00 35.00 385.00
7 0 0 -9175
12 12600.0 12490.
2 100.00 10.00 110.00
8 2 0 00 540
13 13500.0 13500.
0 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 0 0 00 13030
14 12000.0 11875.
0 113.64 11.36 125.00
10 0 0 00 26530
10 8050.0
2 9000.00 863.64 86.36 950.00
11 0 0 38405
1250.0 1375.0 6375.0
80 15 7750.00 125.00
12 0 0 0 46455
1750.0 1925.0 4325.0
75 10 6250.00 175.00
13 0 0 0 52830
3000.0 3300.0
50 25 3500.00 300.00 200.00
14 0 0 57155
15 20 35 1500.00 4500.0 450.00 4950.0 - 57355
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3450.0
0 0
0
-
7250.0 7975.0
10 55 500.00 725.00 7475.0
0 0
16 0 53905
-
9200.0 10120.
0 90 150.00 920.00 9970.0
0 00
17 0 46430
-
9650.0 10615.
3 94 2150.00 965.00 8465.0
0 00
18 0 36460
-
10450. 1045.0 11495.
40 99 3500.00 7995.0
00 0 00
19 0 27995
20 30 110 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20000

100000. 80000. 20000.


00 00 00

PROFILE
15000.00 13500.00
12490.00 11875.00
10000.00 9715.00
8050.00
5000.00 5425.00 6375.00
2875.00 4325.00
0.00
-950.00 300.00 200.00 0.00
0-3600.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-3450.00
-5000.00 -5700.00
-7525.00 -7475.00 -8465.00
-7995.00
-10000.00 -9970.00
-15000.00

MASS DIAGRAM
80000
60000 57355
57155
52830 53905
46455 46430
40000 38405 36460
26530 27995
20000 20000
13030
00 -950-4550 540
0 1 2 -12075
3 4 6 -9175
5 -14600 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-20000 -17475
-17775
-40000

2.4 DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENTS CONSIDERED FOR THE WORK


2.4.1 Excavator:

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Excavators are machines with multiple uses. They are primarily used for digging, demolition,
forestry work, grading, landscaping, heavy lifting, and brush cutting. The important features
on these heavy pieces of equipment are hydraulic powered motors or rams, sealed cab on
rotating platform, head attachments (such as a bucket), which are used for different purposes.
These attachments can change the functionality of the machine instantly from a trench digger
to a logger. The rotating platform adds convenience for other machinery. For example a dump
truck can be located directly behind the excavator and it can still easily deposit material by
swinging around on a 180 degree pivot.

EXCAVATOR Productivity 57 m3 / hour/ Tata Hitachi EX 200 LC

2.4.2 Front End-Loaders:

Front-end loaders typically are tractor powered and operate on tires. They are typically
articulated and very manoeuvrable, making them ideal for constricted areas. They
are used primarily for material moving and re-handling. They are ideal for scooping
and hauling materials in storage piles, where it is to be permanently placed, or loading
it into dump trucks. Loaders are ideal for dumping soil back into the hole after the
necessary below grade work is done. Tracked loaders may be required for extreme
surface conditions demanding greater traction or stability

LOADER Productivity 72 m3 / hour / TATA HITACHI

2.4.3 Motor Graders:

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This type of equipment has been around since the start of road building,
though originally powered by a team of oxen, mules, or horses. The need for a smooth
stable travel surface has always been an important part of a road system. Another
name for a motor grade is maintainer, This name is appropriate because this
equipment is typically used to maintain grade and a smooth surface for rural non
paved travel roads or haul routes on construction sites.The blade is used to push dirt
straight ahead or to the side at a desired level. The grader can be used for light
surface excavation, but is mainly used to move soil to create a level surface.
MOTOR GRADER Productivity 378m3 / hour / KOMATSU GD535-5

2.4.4 Trucks (Dumper Truck):

Trucks are an extremely important part of the earthmoving and material-


moving process. They are basically a tractor and a trailer with sides. Like the rest of
the equipment categories, there are a wide range of trucks based on hauling
conditions and need. Typically trucks are sized by trailer volume. Obviously, the larger
and heavier the load, the larger a tractor you need to pull the trailer. Trucks are
typically used with excavators and loaders for excavation and soil haul off or delivery.
Compared to other earth moving equipment, they can obtain high travel speeds.
Rough terrain trucks have frames, suspension systems, and motors designed to
traverse rough surfaces and radical travel grades. Trucks designed for hauling on the
highway are designed for less rigorous conditions. Two basic considerations for
choosing a truck trailer are the method of dumping and the class of material hauled.
Trucks may dump from the rear (the most common), from the bottom (belly dump), or
from the side depending on the type of material and work activity. Common rear dump
trucks are typically not articulated, but larger rough terrain trucks are typically
articulated for greater manoeuvrability.

DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 13m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For dumping surplus
earth)
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DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 23m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For filling earth)
DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 7m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For bringing sand)

2.4.5 Vibratory Roller:

Vibratory type rollers have two smooth wheels/ drums plus the vibrators. One is fixed
at the front and the other one is on the rear side of vibratory roller. Both wheels/drums
are of the same diameter, length and also of same weight. Vibratory roller covers the
full area under wheel. To make vibratory roller more efficient, vibrators are also fixed
with smooth wheel rollers. Vibration of vibrators arrange the particles by first
disturbing even the arranged ones. On the other hand weight of wheels exerts direct
pressure on the layer. Vibrators are turned off during the reversed motion of roller.
In that time only static weight directly acts on the soil layer.

Vibration is to reduce the air voids and to cause densification of granular soils. During
vibration of soil layer, re arrangement of particles occurs due to deformation of the
granular soil because of oscillation of the roller in a cycle.

VIBRATORY ROLLER Productivity 148m3 / hour / HAMM 3520

2.5 CALCULATION OF EQUIPMENT FOR PER DAY WORK

PER DAY WORK CALCULATION


Total Hrs Number
Sl. Prod Plann
Description of Un Worki . of
N Equipment Qty. ./ ed
work it ng /Da Equipm
o. Hrs. Days
Hours y ent

Cutting and 1000 cu


1 Excavator 57 1754 60 8 3.65
dozing 00 m
Front End- Dozing surplus 2000 cu
2 72 278 40 8 0.87
Loader earth 0 m

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Motor Dozing filling 8000 cu


3 378 212 60 8 0.44
Grader earth 0 m
Dumper Dumping 2000 cu
4 13 1538 40 8 4.81
Truck surplus earth 0 m
Dumper Dumping 8000 cu
5 23 3478 60 8 7.25
Truck filling earth 0 m
Dumper cu
6 Bringing sand 3000 7 429 20 8 2.68
Truck m
Vibratory Compacting 8000 cu
7 148 541 60 8 1.13
compactor filling earth 0 m

2.6 COST OF EQUIPMENT FOR OPERATION


The cost breakdown structure for owning and operating cost of all the fleet equipment
has to be paid larger importance as this is the vital statistic which can make the
project into Profit and if not considered may lead to financial loss to the project.
Equipment operation cost accounts for the three main categories of cost.
2.6.1 Owing cost

Cost of Owing can be determined by knowing


1. Estimated Ownership Period in years.
2. Estimated Usage (Hours/year)
3. Ownership usage (Total Hours)
2.6.2 Operation cost.

It is the cumulative sum of expenses an owner experiences by working a machine on


the project. It is sum of expenses like fuel, lube oil expenses, grease, repair &
maintenance of machinery. Fuel expenses are determined by measurement of the job.
This can be determined by records of consumption of fuel in liters per hour knowing
job conditions, viz. if the soil is loose machine can do more volume of work in
comparisons to the work where the strata of soil is harder. Average hourly
consumption of fuel can be calculated directly knowing the soil properties of the
project from previous recorded statistics. Similarly, the cost of lube oil and
replacement of tier required can be worked out by knowing the machine
characteristics and abrasion, life of tier.
Operating Costs:
1. Fuel Cost & Consumption rate (Units/hours)
2. Lube Oils, Filters, Grease.
3. Tyres
4. Repair reserve (Extended use & Basic repair)

2.6.3 Wages of Equipment Operators.

Operator wages may be included in Operation cost, but due to the variance of
projects, it is generally practiced to keep the Wages of Equipment Operator is a
separate category. The justification behind this is, since every project may have
different scheme, sometimes the operator may be paid on hourly basis sometimes
may be in Percentage and sometimes in the volume or work done. The cost should
include all benefits paid by the company as per its policy.

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WHEE MOTO DUMP VIBRATO


SL
EXCAVAT L R ER RY
N DESCRITPITON
OR LOAD GRADE TRUC COMPACT
o.
ER R K OR

I OWNERSHIP CHARGE
32000 13900 25350
A Cost of Equipment 5800000 00 000 00 7518000
48000 20850 38025
B Deduct slavage value @15% 870000 0 00 0 1127700
Total Investment to be 27200 11815 21547
C depreciated (A-B) 4930000 00 000 50 6390300
D Economic life of machine 10000 10000 15000 8000 15000
272.0 269.3
E Depreciation per hour (C / D) 493.00 0 787.67 4 426.02
F Storage charge per hour 1% 4.93 2.72 7.88 2.69 4.26
Total Ownership charge 274.7 795.5 272.0
per hour (E+G) 497.93 2 4 4 430.28

II OPERATING COST
Interest, insurance taxes etc
G 2% 9.86 5.44 15.75 5.39 8.52
H Fuel charges
Fuel consumption per hour 14 8 15 6 8
Fuel cost 56.65 56.65 56.65 56.65 56.65
453.2 339.9
Total Fuel charge 793.10 0 849.75 0 453.20
Lubrication Oil charge 15% of
I fuel charge 118.97 67.98 127.46 50.99 67.98
J Repaire % cost 150% 150% 15% 14% 15%
408.0
K Repaire charge 739.50 0 118.15 37.71 63.90
1661.4 934.6 1111. 433.9
Total Operating Cost 3 2 12 8 593.60

III OPERATOR WAGES


L Basic wage 435 435 435 435 435
PF, gratuity and other benefits
M 70% 304.5 304.5 304.5 304.5 304.5
739.5 739.5
N Gross Wage 739.50 0 739.50 0 739.50
Add weekly rest, annual 340.1 340.1
O holiday etc 46% 340.17 7 340.17 7 340.17
1079. 1079.6 1079.
P Total Wage per day 1079.67 67 7 67 1079.67
Total wage per hour 135 135 135 135 135

TOTAL EQUIPMENT COST


PER HOUR 2294 1344 2042 841 1159

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2.7 TOTAL COST OF EQUIPMENT FOR WORK

COST OF EQUIPMENT FOR WORK


Durati Hrs Numbe
Sl
Descriptio Un Equipme on ./ r of Cost/H
N Qty. Amount
n of work it nt (Days Da Equipm rs.
o.
) y ent

Cutting
1000 cu Excavat 44,04,480.
1 and 60 8 4 2,294
00 m or 00
dozing
Dozing
2000 cu 4,30,080.0
2 surplus Loader 40 8 1 1,344
0 m 0
earth
Dozing
8000 cu Motor 9,80,160.0
3 filling 60 8 1 2,042
0 m Grader 0
earth
Dumping
2000 cu Dumper 13,45,600.
4 surplus 40 8 5 841
0 m Truck 00
earth
Dumping
8000 cu Dumper 32,29,440.
5 filling 60 8 8 841
0 m Truck 00
earth
Bringing cu Dumper 4,03,680.0
6 3000 20 8 3 841
sand m Truck 0
Vibrator
Compacti
8000 cu y 5,56,320.0
7 ng filling 60 8 1 1,159
0 m compact 0
earth
or

1,13,49,76
0.00

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SECTION-3
3.0 PROCUREMENT PLANNING
Material management plays a vital role in achieving the target completion date.
Material management is planning & controlling of the functions supporting the
complete cycle of materials, and the associated flow of information. These can be
achieved by Identification of Critical & Most Critical materials required, Standardizing
by formulation & Implementation of Guidelines to achieve harmony within the
activities. Determining the period, start & end of the project preparing schedules,
procure materials as per schedule, storage, inventory control, distribution as per
requirement & dispose. It confirms that the material reaches the site before the time
of its requirement at the same time it also ensures that the fund is not blocked by
purchase of material too before they are required at site.

3.1 EOQ- ECONOMICS ORDER CALCULATION


As we are procuring Bitumen from Indian Oil Corp. Bangaigaon, Assam, how many
would we order at a time? If we order a large quantity each time we order, well end
up holding some bitumen in inventory for a longer time & than if we had ordered a
smaller quantity. With a higher quantity, inventory cost goes high.
If we order a small quantity, well end up paying any setup and/or fixed costs more
frequently. For example, the driver of the truck delivering the bitumen is paid the
same, whether the truck is loaded with 10MT bitumen or 2MT bitumen. If we order
only 2MT bitumen at a time, well have to pay transportation 5 times more than if we
had ordered 200MTbitumen at a time. With a smaller quantity, setup and/or fixed
cost goes high. Since a higher quantity is not best and a lower quantity is not best
there must be some middle quantity where the total cost (inventory cost PLUS
setup and/or fixed cost) is least expensive. Below is a chart that illustrates the
relationship:

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The point of lowest total cost can be seen to be at the very bottom of the Total Cost
curve. The quantity associated with that point just also happens to be the same
quantity at which the two other lines intersect. To calculate the quantity at that point,
use the formula below:

EOQ = [ 2 (Demand) (Setup Cost) ] / (Inventory Cost)

That formula results from using calculus to take the derivative of the Total Cost
function at zero. When this formula is used to calculate how many to MAKE at a time
(instead of how many to BUY at a time), it is sometimes called the Economic
Manufacturing
Quantity or EMQ.

Calculation of EOQ.

R = Forecasted monthly usage = 1,50,000.00 Lit


= 1,50,000/2403
= 360.45 MT
P = Purchase cost per unit = 59,00.00/MT (Cost at plant)

C = Cost per order event (not per unit) = Cost of Bitumen +


Transportation cost
= 9 x 59,000 + 15,000

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= 5,46,000 (9MT in One Truck)


= 60,666/ MT
H= Holding cost factor = 64,900.00 (F=1.1 X P)
Q* = ((2 x 5,31,000 x 360.45/64,900)

= 76.80 MT ~ 31,960 Litres


Approx.

3.2 RE-ORDER LEVEL (ROL)


Receiving and issuing of inventories are the common and recurring phenomena in a
manufacturing organization. When the inventories fall below a particular level, they
are replenished by the fresh purchases. The prescription of re-order level (ROL) is an
important technique of inventory control. It fundamentally deals with when to order
to replenish the inventories. Re-order level is predetermined point, and when the
existing
stock of inventories reaches this point of falls below it, the purchase action is initiated
to replenish them. The ROL is mentioned in the bin-card of each inventory item. What
should be the quantity of replenishment order is also a matter of policy. Generally, size
of the order is determined on the basis of the economic ordering quantity (EOQ) which
is also an important technique of inventory control. Detailed treatment is given to this
technique separately.
The re-order level is decided for each important item of inventory on the basis of
following considerations:

1) Lead time
2) Average periodic consumption (daily consumption)
3) Safety stock

Re-order level is decided as under:


ROL = (Lead time x average daily consumption) +
safety stock
Here, Lead Time = 4 days.
Average periodic consumption per day = 5000 Liters
Safety Stock = 5000 Liters.
ROL = (4x5000)+5000
= 25000 Liters

3.3 ORDERING SCHDULE FOR BITUMEN


As per the given criterion, the site has a storage capacity of only 50,000 liters of
bitumen at a time. Hence the schedule for procurement of bitumen can be decided as
follows to ensure timely consumption of bitumen and also timely procurement. It is
given that the lead time for bitumen from a refinery in Bongaigaon in Assam is 45
days. Hence: Order for bitumen to be placed in lots of 50,000 liters each as follows:

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DAY OF DAYS FOR


LOT NUMBER DAY OF INDENT
REQUIREMENT CONSUMPTION

1 5 TH DAY 50 TH DAY 10 DAYS


2 15TH DAY 60 TH DAY 10 DAYS
3 25 TH DAY 70 TH DAY 10 DAYS

3.4 TOTAL COST MATERIAL FOR WORK

COST OF MATERIAL FOR WORK


Sl
Description Un Lead
N Qty. Source Cost Amount
of work it Time
o.

Course cu
1 3000 Excavator 1 day 1,200 36,00,000.00
Sand m
1500 45 60666M
2 Bitumen ltr Loader 218,67,059.70
00 Days T

254,67,059.70

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SECTION-4

4.0 RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION


Planning includes aspects like selection of equipments, number of size of units,
matching capacities, schedule of procurement, maintenance : The general
considerations for selection of equipment are suitability for the job, use of
available equipment, size of the equipment, variety reduction, standardization,
versatility, utilization, selection of manufacturer, suitability for local conditions,
adaptability and technical considerations,
Before selecting the materials w should know the time limit or available time for
work. Scope of work, Cost of woke. Scheduling the work is very important.
According to that increase quantity of equipment, efficiency and time completion
of the project. For excavation equipments like dozer, scraper shovels etc are
used.
Site work shop is important for inspector, maintenance and repair of work shop.
All the facilities should be provided in site work shop.

Sl
No Description Amount Remarks
.

254,67,059.7
1 Equipment Cost
0
113,49,760.0
2 Material Cost
0

368,16,819.7
TOTAL COST OF WORK 0

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SECTION-5

5.0 ASSUMPTION REFERENCE FOR PRICE, OUTPUT, OTHER


PARAMETER

6.1 PRICE REFERENCE

6.1.1 Equipment Price

SL
N EQUIPMENT MAKE MODEL PRICE REFERENCE
o.
1 Excavator TATA EX200LC Rs.58,00,000 PSN EQUIPMENT
HITACHI /- PVT, KOCHI
2 Front End- TATA Rs.32,00,000
Loader HITACHI /-
3 Motor Grader KOMATSU GD535-5 Rs.1,12,00,0 KOMATSU
0/-
4 Roller HAMM 3520 Rs.75,18,000 WRITEN INDIA LTD
Compactor /-
5 Tipper MAN CLA16.22 Rs.25,35,000 MAN TRUCK INDIA
/-

6.1.2 Material and Labour Price

SL
DESCCRIPTIO SPECIFICAT
N UNIT PRICE REFERENCE
N ION
o.
1 Bitumen PMB-40 TONNE Rs.59,000/- DSR-2014
2 Sand Course Sand Cum Rs.1200/- DSR-2014
3 Operator Operator/Dri Day Rs.435/- DSR-2014
ver

6.2 OUTPUT REFERENCE


6.2.1 Excavator

MAKE = TATA HITACHI


MODEL = EX200LC
Bucket Size = 0.8 cum

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Cycle time = 40 sec


Efficiency = 80%
Productivity = (0.8 x 80% x 60 x 60)/40
= 57 cum/ Hrs.

6.2.2 Front End- Loader

MAKE = TATA HITACHI


MODEL = TWL 3034
Bucket Size = 1.5 cum
Cycle time = 1 min
Efficiency = 80%
Productivity = (1.5 x 80% x 60 )/1
= 72 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.3 Motor Grader

MAKE = KOMATSU
MODEL = GD535-5
Speed = 3.4 kmph
Blade = 3710 mm
Layer thickness = 250 mm
Number of passes = 5 passes
Efficiency = 60%
Productivity = (3400 x 3.71 x 60% x 0.25 )/5
= 378 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.4 Tippers (For dumping surplus earth)

MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 3.0 km (6.0 km both ways)
Excavator Productivity = 57 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 70%/57cum) x 60
= 7.4 min
Average Speed = 20 kmph
Lead time = (6 km/20 kmph) x 60
= 18 min
Unloading time = 5 min
Total cycle time = 30.4 min say 31 min
Productivity = (10 cum x 70%/31 ) x 60
= 13 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.5 Tippers (For filling earth)

MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 5.0 km (10.0 km both ways)
Excavator Productivity = 57 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 70%/57cum) x 60
= 7.4 min
Average Speed = 20 kmph
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Lead time = (10 km/20 kmph) x 60


= 30 min
Unloading time = 5 min
Total cycle time = 42.4 min say 43 min
Productivity = (10 cum x 70%/43 ) x 60
= 23 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.6 Tippers (For bringing sand)

MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 20.0 km (40.0 km both ways)
Loader Productivity = 72 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 90%/72cum) x 60
= 7.5 min
Average Speed = 40 kmph
Lead time = (40 km/40 kmph) x 60
= 60 min
Unloading time = 5 min
Total cycle time = 72.5 min say 73 min
Productivity = (10 cum x 90%/73 ) x 60
= 7 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.7 Vibratory Roller Compactor

MAKE = HAMM
MODEL = 3520
Speed = 2.0 kmph
Drum Width = 2220 mm
Layer thickness = 250 mm
Number of passes = 6 passes
Efficiency = 80%
Productivity = (2000 x 2.22x 80% x 0.25 )/6
= 148 cum/ Hrs

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SECTION-6
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY/ READING
Planning and Selection of Heavy Construction Equipment in Civil Engineering, Mr.
Nilesh D. Chinchore *, Prof. Pranay R. Khare**, Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 12( Part 1), December 2014,
pp.29-31

An Innovative Mass Haul Diagram Development for Highway Earthwork, Mr.Akiije,


Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences (JETEAS) 4(1): 38-45,
Scholarlink Research Institute Journals, 2013 (ISSN: 2141-7016)

Construction Equipment Fleet Management: Case Study of Highway Construction


Project
Saurabh Rajendra Kadam, 2Prof. Dhananjay S Patil, P.G.Scholar, Department of Civil
Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India 2Assistant
Professor, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur, Maharashtra, India. International
Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064

IS 11399 (Part-1) -1985 Guideline for Estimating ouput Norms of Items of work in
construction of river valley project- Part-1 Earthwork Excavation

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT 2014 DELHI


SCHEDULE OF RATES

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