Professional Documents
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3
Material and Equipment
Management (PGCM-13)
Submitted to:-
National Institute for Construction
Management and Research (NICMAR)
School of Distance Education (SODE)
Submitted by:-
Dijeesh PD
PG PROGRAME IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Reg. No.216-05-11-50661-2183
PGCM-13 PGPCM
CONTENT
SECTION DESCRIPTION PAGE
NO.
1.0 Scope of Work 3
2.0 Equipment Planning-Procurement and Deployment 4
2.1 Equipment Planning 4
2.2 Equipment Selection 4
2.2. Common factors Affecting Selection of Equipment 5
1
2.3 Mass Haul Diagram 6
2.4 Description of Equipment 7
2.4. Excavator 7
1
2.4. Front End-Loader 8
2
2.4. Motor Graders 8
3
2.4. Trucks (Dumper Truck) 8
4
2.4. Vibratory Roller 9
5
2.5 Calculation of Equipment 10
2.6 Cost of Equipment for Operation 10
2.6. Owning Cost 10
1
2.6. Operation Cost 10
2
2.6. Wages of Operator 11
3
2.7 Total cost of equipment for work 12
3.0 Procurement Planning 13
3.1 Economic Order quantity calculation 13
3.2 Re-Order Level 14
3.3 Ordering Schedule for Bitumen 15
3.4 Total Cost of Material for work 15
4.0 Recommendation and Conclusion 16
5.0 Assumption reference for Price, output, other 17
parameter
5.1 Price Reference 17
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SECTION-2
2.0 EQUIPMENT PLANNING, PROCUREMENT AND DEPLOYMENT
The capital investment on purchase and/or rental/lease, and operation of the plant
and equipment being very high, it has to be managed so as to ensure maximum
return on investment, productivity and minimum operating, maintenance and repair
cost. Thus appropriate selection and planning is essential for successful completion of
project and to secure maximum profit out of it. The type of equipment selected
usually depends upon the characteristics of material to be handled. Whether to use
wheeled equipment or track equipment; whether to use dragline excavator or power
shovel, are some of the typical questions that are to be answered by the planner of
construction equipment.
Success of a project depends greatly on proper and scientific planning. Before starting
any project its planning is done with great care, as the efficiency of the whole project
largely depends upon its planning. While planning each and every detail should be
worked out in anticipation and should be considered carefully. Planning of a
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In fact, selection of equipment for the project is one of the key decisions in planning
and executing a construction project, which affects how the work will be done, the
time required to complete the work, and the cost that will be accrued. Generally, an
equipment manager is responsible of selecting the equipment, whereas it is the
responsibility of the construction planning group to select equipment. Nevertheless,
both the inventory of equipment in hand and the standard equipment policy play an
important role in equipment selection. Therefore, final decision on the equipment
required for the projects is generally given by equipment managers, project
managers, and construction planning group together. Often, the decision making
process can create tensions in the firm. Once the selection of equipment is made, a
choice has to be made whether to buy, rent, or lease it. These decisions are given
based on the economic standing and strategy of the firm, and the nature and
frequency of equipment use.
Every equipment has certain factors those are in common and which are taken into
consideration while selecting equipment. They are listed as follows-
Scope of work to be carried out- since the first concern is getting the job done,
the time frame within which the work is required to be carried out, the
specification of work and the methodology adopted will be of primary concern.
Use of available- for a work where full utilization of new equipment for its entire
working life is not foreseen and its utilization on further project is uncertain it
may be desirable to utilize existing old equipment even though its operation
would be somewhat more expensive. The deprecation cost of new machine is
likely to be high and this would rise the owing cost of the machine and
consequently unit cost of work. Economic should be worked out.
Suitability for job conditions-the equipment selected should suit the demands of
the job conditions. Climate of region and working conditions should be kept in
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Mass
Total Shrinka Total Fill (-)/
Cut
2000.0 2200.0
10 10 1250.00 200.00 -950.00
0 0 0 0
-
4500.0 4950.0
15 30 1350.00 450.00 3600.0
0 0
1 0 -950
-
7750.0 8525.0
12 60 1000.00 775.00 7525.0
0 0
2 0 -4550
-
6000.0 6600.0
8 95 900.00 600.00 5700.0
0 0
3 0 -12075
2000.0 2200.0
10 25 2500.00 200.00 300.00
4 0 0 -17775
1250.0 1375.0 2875.0
40 15 4250.00 125.00
5 0 0 0 -17475
5425.0
45 10 6250.00 750.00 75.00 825.00
6 0 -14600
10100.0 9715.0
80 5 350.00 35.00 385.00
7 0 0 -9175
12 12600.0 12490.
2 100.00 10.00 110.00
8 2 0 00 540
13 13500.0 13500.
0 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 0 0 00 13030
14 12000.0 11875.
0 113.64 11.36 125.00
10 0 0 00 26530
10 8050.0
2 9000.00 863.64 86.36 950.00
11 0 0 38405
1250.0 1375.0 6375.0
80 15 7750.00 125.00
12 0 0 0 46455
1750.0 1925.0 4325.0
75 10 6250.00 175.00
13 0 0 0 52830
3000.0 3300.0
50 25 3500.00 300.00 200.00
14 0 0 57155
15 20 35 1500.00 4500.0 450.00 4950.0 - 57355
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3450.0
0 0
0
-
7250.0 7975.0
10 55 500.00 725.00 7475.0
0 0
16 0 53905
-
9200.0 10120.
0 90 150.00 920.00 9970.0
0 00
17 0 46430
-
9650.0 10615.
3 94 2150.00 965.00 8465.0
0 00
18 0 36460
-
10450. 1045.0 11495.
40 99 3500.00 7995.0
00 0 00
19 0 27995
20 30 110 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20000
PROFILE
15000.00 13500.00
12490.00 11875.00
10000.00 9715.00
8050.00
5000.00 5425.00 6375.00
2875.00 4325.00
0.00
-950.00 300.00 200.00 0.00
0-3600.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-3450.00
-5000.00 -5700.00
-7525.00 -7475.00 -8465.00
-7995.00
-10000.00 -9970.00
-15000.00
MASS DIAGRAM
80000
60000 57355
57155
52830 53905
46455 46430
40000 38405 36460
26530 27995
20000 20000
13030
00 -950-4550 540
0 1 2 -12075
3 4 6 -9175
5 -14600 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
-20000 -17475
-17775
-40000
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Excavators are machines with multiple uses. They are primarily used for digging, demolition,
forestry work, grading, landscaping, heavy lifting, and brush cutting. The important features
on these heavy pieces of equipment are hydraulic powered motors or rams, sealed cab on
rotating platform, head attachments (such as a bucket), which are used for different purposes.
These attachments can change the functionality of the machine instantly from a trench digger
to a logger. The rotating platform adds convenience for other machinery. For example a dump
truck can be located directly behind the excavator and it can still easily deposit material by
swinging around on a 180 degree pivot.
Front-end loaders typically are tractor powered and operate on tires. They are typically
articulated and very manoeuvrable, making them ideal for constricted areas. They
are used primarily for material moving and re-handling. They are ideal for scooping
and hauling materials in storage piles, where it is to be permanently placed, or loading
it into dump trucks. Loaders are ideal for dumping soil back into the hole after the
necessary below grade work is done. Tracked loaders may be required for extreme
surface conditions demanding greater traction or stability
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This type of equipment has been around since the start of road building,
though originally powered by a team of oxen, mules, or horses. The need for a smooth
stable travel surface has always been an important part of a road system. Another
name for a motor grade is maintainer, This name is appropriate because this
equipment is typically used to maintain grade and a smooth surface for rural non
paved travel roads or haul routes on construction sites.The blade is used to push dirt
straight ahead or to the side at a desired level. The grader can be used for light
surface excavation, but is mainly used to move soil to create a level surface.
MOTOR GRADER Productivity 378m3 / hour / KOMATSU GD535-5
DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 13m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For dumping surplus
earth)
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DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 23m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For filling earth)
DUMPER TRUCK Productivity 7m3 / hour / MAN CLA 16.22 (For bringing sand)
Vibratory type rollers have two smooth wheels/ drums plus the vibrators. One is fixed
at the front and the other one is on the rear side of vibratory roller. Both wheels/drums
are of the same diameter, length and also of same weight. Vibratory roller covers the
full area under wheel. To make vibratory roller more efficient, vibrators are also fixed
with smooth wheel rollers. Vibration of vibrators arrange the particles by first
disturbing even the arranged ones. On the other hand weight of wheels exerts direct
pressure on the layer. Vibrators are turned off during the reversed motion of roller.
In that time only static weight directly acts on the soil layer.
Vibration is to reduce the air voids and to cause densification of granular soils. During
vibration of soil layer, re arrangement of particles occurs due to deformation of the
granular soil because of oscillation of the roller in a cycle.
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Operator wages may be included in Operation cost, but due to the variance of
projects, it is generally practiced to keep the Wages of Equipment Operator is a
separate category. The justification behind this is, since every project may have
different scheme, sometimes the operator may be paid on hourly basis sometimes
may be in Percentage and sometimes in the volume or work done. The cost should
include all benefits paid by the company as per its policy.
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I OWNERSHIP CHARGE
32000 13900 25350
A Cost of Equipment 5800000 00 000 00 7518000
48000 20850 38025
B Deduct slavage value @15% 870000 0 00 0 1127700
Total Investment to be 27200 11815 21547
C depreciated (A-B) 4930000 00 000 50 6390300
D Economic life of machine 10000 10000 15000 8000 15000
272.0 269.3
E Depreciation per hour (C / D) 493.00 0 787.67 4 426.02
F Storage charge per hour 1% 4.93 2.72 7.88 2.69 4.26
Total Ownership charge 274.7 795.5 272.0
per hour (E+G) 497.93 2 4 4 430.28
II OPERATING COST
Interest, insurance taxes etc
G 2% 9.86 5.44 15.75 5.39 8.52
H Fuel charges
Fuel consumption per hour 14 8 15 6 8
Fuel cost 56.65 56.65 56.65 56.65 56.65
453.2 339.9
Total Fuel charge 793.10 0 849.75 0 453.20
Lubrication Oil charge 15% of
I fuel charge 118.97 67.98 127.46 50.99 67.98
J Repaire % cost 150% 150% 15% 14% 15%
408.0
K Repaire charge 739.50 0 118.15 37.71 63.90
1661.4 934.6 1111. 433.9
Total Operating Cost 3 2 12 8 593.60
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Cutting
1000 cu Excavat 44,04,480.
1 and 60 8 4 2,294
00 m or 00
dozing
Dozing
2000 cu 4,30,080.0
2 surplus Loader 40 8 1 1,344
0 m 0
earth
Dozing
8000 cu Motor 9,80,160.0
3 filling 60 8 1 2,042
0 m Grader 0
earth
Dumping
2000 cu Dumper 13,45,600.
4 surplus 40 8 5 841
0 m Truck 00
earth
Dumping
8000 cu Dumper 32,29,440.
5 filling 60 8 8 841
0 m Truck 00
earth
Bringing cu Dumper 4,03,680.0
6 3000 20 8 3 841
sand m Truck 0
Vibrator
Compacti
8000 cu y 5,56,320.0
7 ng filling 60 8 1 1,159
0 m compact 0
earth
or
1,13,49,76
0.00
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SECTION-3
3.0 PROCUREMENT PLANNING
Material management plays a vital role in achieving the target completion date.
Material management is planning & controlling of the functions supporting the
complete cycle of materials, and the associated flow of information. These can be
achieved by Identification of Critical & Most Critical materials required, Standardizing
by formulation & Implementation of Guidelines to achieve harmony within the
activities. Determining the period, start & end of the project preparing schedules,
procure materials as per schedule, storage, inventory control, distribution as per
requirement & dispose. It confirms that the material reaches the site before the time
of its requirement at the same time it also ensures that the fund is not blocked by
purchase of material too before they are required at site.
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The point of lowest total cost can be seen to be at the very bottom of the Total Cost
curve. The quantity associated with that point just also happens to be the same
quantity at which the two other lines intersect. To calculate the quantity at that point,
use the formula below:
That formula results from using calculus to take the derivative of the Total Cost
function at zero. When this formula is used to calculate how many to MAKE at a time
(instead of how many to BUY at a time), it is sometimes called the Economic
Manufacturing
Quantity or EMQ.
Calculation of EOQ.
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1) Lead time
2) Average periodic consumption (daily consumption)
3) Safety stock
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Course cu
1 3000 Excavator 1 day 1,200 36,00,000.00
Sand m
1500 45 60666M
2 Bitumen ltr Loader 218,67,059.70
00 Days T
254,67,059.70
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SECTION-4
Sl
No Description Amount Remarks
.
254,67,059.7
1 Equipment Cost
0
113,49,760.0
2 Material Cost
0
368,16,819.7
TOTAL COST OF WORK 0
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SECTION-5
SL
N EQUIPMENT MAKE MODEL PRICE REFERENCE
o.
1 Excavator TATA EX200LC Rs.58,00,000 PSN EQUIPMENT
HITACHI /- PVT, KOCHI
2 Front End- TATA Rs.32,00,000
Loader HITACHI /-
3 Motor Grader KOMATSU GD535-5 Rs.1,12,00,0 KOMATSU
0/-
4 Roller HAMM 3520 Rs.75,18,000 WRITEN INDIA LTD
Compactor /-
5 Tipper MAN CLA16.22 Rs.25,35,000 MAN TRUCK INDIA
/-
SL
DESCCRIPTIO SPECIFICAT
N UNIT PRICE REFERENCE
N ION
o.
1 Bitumen PMB-40 TONNE Rs.59,000/- DSR-2014
2 Sand Course Sand Cum Rs.1200/- DSR-2014
3 Operator Operator/Dri Day Rs.435/- DSR-2014
ver
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MAKE = KOMATSU
MODEL = GD535-5
Speed = 3.4 kmph
Blade = 3710 mm
Layer thickness = 250 mm
Number of passes = 5 passes
Efficiency = 60%
Productivity = (3400 x 3.71 x 60% x 0.25 )/5
= 378 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.4 Tippers (For dumping surplus earth)
MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 3.0 km (6.0 km both ways)
Excavator Productivity = 57 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 70%/57cum) x 60
= 7.4 min
Average Speed = 20 kmph
Lead time = (6 km/20 kmph) x 60
= 18 min
Unloading time = 5 min
Total cycle time = 30.4 min say 31 min
Productivity = (10 cum x 70%/31 ) x 60
= 13 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.5 Tippers (For filling earth)
MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 5.0 km (10.0 km both ways)
Excavator Productivity = 57 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 70%/57cum) x 60
= 7.4 min
Average Speed = 20 kmph
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MAKE = MAN
MODEL = CLA 16.22 4x2
Tipper Capacity = 10 cum
Cycle Time
Average Lead = 20.0 km (40.0 km both ways)
Loader Productivity = 72 cum/Hrs.
Loading time = (10cum x 90%/72cum) x 60
= 7.5 min
Average Speed = 40 kmph
Lead time = (40 km/40 kmph) x 60
= 60 min
Unloading time = 5 min
Total cycle time = 72.5 min say 73 min
Productivity = (10 cum x 90%/73 ) x 60
= 7 cum/ Hrs.
6.2.7 Vibratory Roller Compactor
MAKE = HAMM
MODEL = 3520
Speed = 2.0 kmph
Drum Width = 2220 mm
Layer thickness = 250 mm
Number of passes = 6 passes
Efficiency = 80%
Productivity = (2000 x 2.22x 80% x 0.25 )/6
= 148 cum/ Hrs
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SECTION-6
6. BIBLIOGRAPHY/ READING
Planning and Selection of Heavy Construction Equipment in Civil Engineering, Mr.
Nilesh D. Chinchore *, Prof. Pranay R. Khare**, Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 12( Part 1), December 2014,
pp.29-31
IS 11399 (Part-1) -1985 Guideline for Estimating ouput Norms of Items of work in
construction of river valley project- Part-1 Earthwork Excavation
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