1. WHO DISCOVERED X-RAYS? Wilhelm
MULTIPLY RAPIDLY AND WITHOUT
Roentgen
2. WHICH PART OF THE BODY WAS FIRST
IMAGED BY X-RAYS? His hand.
A Brief History of Radiation
Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays on
November 8, 1895, while experimenting
with a gas-filled cathode tube
He noted an image of the bones of his
hand projected on a screen when placed
between the tube and the fluorescent
screen
3. WHO DISCOVERED RADIUM WHICH
PAVED THE WAY TO ITS APPLICATION
IN BRACHYTHERAPY?
PIERRE AND MARIE CURIE
4-5. TWO EXAMPLES OF IONIZING
RADIATION USED IN EXTERNAL BEAM
RADIOTHERAPY?
. x-rays AND gamma rays
6. __________ IS THE MOST IMPORTANT
TARGET MOLECULE OF RADIATION.
DNA
7. _________ IS THE PRIMARY MEDIATOR
OF INDIRECT IONIZATION BY FORMATION
OF FREE RADICALS. WATER
8. INDIRECT VS DIRECT EFFECT OF
RADIATION?
DAMAGE TO DNA MOLECULE FROM THE
FORMATION OF FREE RADICALS
INDIRECT
9. INDIRECT VS DIRECT EFFECT OF
RADIATION?
DAMAGE TO THE DNA MOLECULE BY
BREAKING OF HYDROGEN BONDS OR
ONE OR BOTH CHAINS OF THE DNA
MOLECULE. DIRECT
10. NET RESULT OF RADIATION TO
CANCER CELLS
A. INABILITY TO GROW AND
REPRODUCE
B. REMAIN STATIC
C.
ORDER
11. A Basic Radiobiologic Principle
?______________ or dividing the total dose
into small daily fractions over several
weeks, produces better tumor control
than a single large fraction. It spares
normal tissue through repair and
repopulation while increasing damage to
tumor cells through redistribution and
reoxygenation. - FRACTIONATION
12/15. The Four Rs of Radiobiology
The modern basis for fractionation is
better understood and more complex
_________ of sublethal damage to cells
between fractions caused by radiation.
REPAIR
_________ or regrowth of cells between
fractions. REPOPULATION
_________ of cells into radiosensitive
phases of cell cycle - REDISTRIBUTION
_________ of hypoxic cells to make them
more sensitive to radiation -
REOXYGENATION
16. Radiation Oncologist - Doctor
specialist in the field of Radiation
Oncology
Formerly called Radiotherapist
Role is to assess all conditions relative to
the patient and tumor, systematically
review the need for diagnostic and
staging procedures, and determine the
best therapeutic strategy.
17. Medical Physicist - A staff member
who has received special training and
experience in the aspects of radiologic
physics that deals with radiation therapy
or is certified by a recognized specialty
board as being competent in those
aspects of physics that relate to
radiation therapy.
18. Radiation Therapist - The staff
member who positions the patients daily
on the treatment table accurately prior to
delivery of the radiation therapy.
19. Treatment Planning - It is a
complex process carried out prior to the
administration of the radiation therapy to
determine the volume of the region to be
treated, type of treatment, the dose to
be delivered and the detained planning
of the beam of therapy.
20 Customized Blocks- shield
normal/critical structures from radiation.
21. MULTILEAF COLLIMATOR - The
important new tool originally introduced
to substitute the alloy block field
shaping. Also used for the new
advancement in radiotherapy the IMRT.
22.___ is radiation treatment with the
source of radiation at a distance from the
patient .examples:
Cobalt unit, Linear Accelerator.
TELETHERAPY
23._ is radiation treatment with the
source of radiation near the patient,
inside body cavities, in the tissues or on
the surface of the patient.
BRACHYTHERAPY
24-25 Type of External Beam
Radiation Therapy
Uses CT or MRI scans, creating a 3-D
picture of the tumor .Beams are precisely
directed to avoid radiating normal tissue.
Precision minimizes normal tissue
damage. -. 3D-CRT
A sophisticated form of 3D-CRT. Radiation
is broken into many beamlets, the
intensity of each can be adjusted
individually the most important
advancement in radiotherapy in more
than 40 years. IMRT
26. Type of EBRT?
Capable of performing CT scans or
standard X-ray images daily prior to each
radiation exposure
Implanted fiducial markers are aligned
daily
Ensures daily reproducibility to
accurately treat the target. Should
further decrease treatment-related
morbidity. IGRT
27 -28. Dose Rate for Brachytherapy
Radiation delivered over the course of 48
to 120 hours. Gynecologic, breast, head
and neck, and prostate cancers may be
treated with low-dose-rate
brachytherapy. -- LOW/LDR
High energy source delivers the dose in a
matter of minutes rather than days.
Gynecologic, breast and some prostate
implants may use use high-dose-rate
brachytherapy. HIGH/HDR
29-30 Goals of Radiation Therapy
CURE, PALLIATION
RADIOLOGY PRELIM
1. Discovered X-ray: Wilhelm
Roentgen
2. Cardiac borders except:
A. Right Ventricle
B. Left atrial appendage
C. Intraventricular septum
D. Right Atrium
3. Primary mediator of indirect effect of
ionization
a. RNA
b. DNA
c. H20
d. H+
4-8. best modality for VUR, renal cyst,
renal cell CA, renal stone, horseshoe
kidney
Matching Type:
CT urogram: renal cell
carcinoma
USD: Cyst
IVP: horseshoe
Stonogram: calculi
VCUG: VUR
9. Golden s sign?
10. Mri for gu studies? All are true??
11. Target molecule of radiation therapy:
DNA
12. USD indication: D. Wolffian duct
A. Determine function of the kidney E. AOTA
B. Screen for renal calculu 23. Single kidney: horseshoe kidney
C. Observe ureteral abnormalities 24. Detection of calcifications or metallic
D. Determine delayed and foreign body
persistent nephrogram A. Plain radiograph
13. Best modality for Anatomic and B. Ct scan
function of urinary tract C. Mri
A. IVP D. Renal angiograph
B. Voiding cystogram 25. Radium and polonium?
C. Retrograde Marie curie
D. Pierre curie
14. Prevention in radiation exposure, 26. Thyroid nodule with higher chance of
except: harboring malignancy
a) reduce exposure A. Cold nodule
b) keep distance from px receiving B. Hot nodule
tx C. Warm nodule
c) wear lead apron D. All of the above
d) take antioxidants 27. Alveolar pneumonia us characterized
e) increase exposure by the presence of
15. Clinical modality using ionization A. Effusion
used for patients with malignancy. Radio B. Cavitation
therapy C. Air bronchogram
16. Failure of one or 2 kidneys to D. Tracheal deviation
migrate: pelvic kidney 28. Radiotherapy has risk for pedia
17. Bone scintigraphy is for? treatment. Cure will outweigh risktrue
A.Metastasis, 29. Treated by I 131 except:
B. infection, A. Thyroiditis
C. fractures. B. Plummers
D. AOTA C. Graves
18. Renal angiography, true except D. Thyroid ca
A. Uses seldinger tech, cath aorta, inject
dye or selectively to right or left renal a 30. 3 main approaches in treating cancer:
B. Uses MDCT/MRA surgery, chemo, radio
C. Best in color doppler usd 31. The info that s acquired in nuclear
D. Uses non ionic contrast media med is
19. 3 sets of nephric system, except: a. Anatomic in nature
A. Pronephros b. Structural in nature
B. Mesonephros c. Physiologic in nature
C. Metanephros d. Real time
D. Uronephros e. Static
20. Computerized mechanical block 32. Target of radiation therapy: DNA
A. Corrobend 33. Which among the following has a
B. dual contrast? Parathyroid?
C. X.ray collimator 34. Leading cause of cancer death in
D. Multi leaf collimator both male and female: lungs
21. Neonatal jaundice: tc99m HIDA 35. When taking chest x-ray, the film is
22. Mesonephros gives rise to your place left side of the heart because:
A. Renal corpuscle A. near the chest.
B. Bowmans capsule B. Most convenient
C. Mesonephric duct C...
 D. Left hemidiaphragm is lower than D.blunting of costophrenic
the right. angle
E.All of the above 44. Brachytherapy is administered:
F. None of the above A. Intracavitary
36. Material used in radiography? B. Intrainterstitial
a.gamma ray C. Intraoperative/surface
b.half life D.AOTA
c.bone scan 45. highly allergic ionic
d.isotope 46. Emphysema- blunting
e.none of the above of.diaphragm
37. Palliation of rt except: 47. Tree in a bud- COPD
A. Pain 48. Arterial to bronchus ratio: 1:1
B. C 49. True except: teleteraphy uses
C. machine
D. 50. Brachyteraphy: (eenumerated 3
E. Complete irradiation of tumor ways) all of the above
38. The primary mediator of indirect 51. Increase density due to: calcium
ionization through the production of free 52. MODALITY: RADIATION THERAPY
radicals. 53. DISCIPLINE: RADIATION ONCOLOGY
A. RNA 54. FALSE: REDISTRIBUTION .... DIVIDED
B. DNA DOSE (SHOULD BE FRACTIONATION)
C. MrNA 55. Radiation beam is broken up: IMRT
D. Water 56. MOST significant achievement: IMRT
39. Contraindication of IVP except: 57. Except: Large euthyroid
A. Pregnancy 58. TRUE: In Radiation, benefits
B. Allergy to contrast outweigh the risks
C. Taking antihypertensive 59. Helps in radiographic landmark
drugs except: interventricular septum
D. 60. Allow the patient to void and then do
40. Radiation beam is broken up into imaging -- voiding
beamlete... cystourethrography?
A. IMRT 61. radiation most in:
B. 3D CRT a. 1st tri
C. Conventional.... b. last tri
D. Brachytherapy c. adolescence
41. radioisotopes for myocardial d. adult
scintigraphy: 62. UPRIGHT: pneumoperitoneum
a. tech-99m sestamibi Metenephron: permanent kidney
b. tech-99m tetrofosmin 63. Atelectasis... is radio opaque and ans:
c. thallium deviation of trachea towards
d. AOTA 64. Discovered X-ray: Wilhelm
42. Iodine 131 except Roentgen
A. Toxic goiter 65. Marie curie: discovered polonium
B. Large euthyroid 66. Blocks radiation- collimator?
C. Well differenciated ca 67. Nuclear med uses- gamma rays?
D. Poorly differentiated ca 68. Most radiosensitive- retina?
E. Nota 69. Most radiosensitive- 1st trimester
43. Significant finding in emphysema is: 70. Radioactive- isotopes?
A.tracheal deviation
B.flat diaphragm 71. The nephron will become the ff.
C.inc. lung markings except
 A. Bowman's capsule
B. loop of henle
C. Dct
D. Glomerulus
E. Nota
72. Ureteric bud... except:
A. Ureter
B. Renal pelvis
C. Major and minor calyxes
D. Collecting duct
E. Nephron
73. Contrast that is hypoallergenic, low
osmolar but expensive - non ionic
74. Xray uses element...
a) barium
b) calcium
c) radium
d) tungsten
e) isotope
75. The dense characteristic of the
substance in the body is due to the
presence of? Calcium
76. Urogenital sinus coming from?
Intermediate mesoderm
77. the following uses electromagnetic
waves except:
a. gamma rays
b. xrays
c. photon
d. electron
e. microwave
78. cancer staging would include:
A. Tumor size
B. Nodal involvement
C. Distant metastasis
D. All of the above
79. Principal instrument of nuclear
imaging: gamma rays
80. best achievement in the past 40
years:
81. Cardiac borders in xray except:
A. Right ventricle
B. Left appendage
C. Interventricular septum
D. Right atrium
82. Cancer for both sexes in the phils:
breast-lung-liver-colon-cervix
83. Tc-99m labeled RBC is used for the
following, except:
a. ventricular function
b. ejection fraction
c. wall motion abnormalities
d. none of the above
84. Part of the eye most sensitive to
radiation
a. Cornea
b. Lens
c. retina
d. optic nerve
e. sclera
85. the clinical modality that deals with
ionizing radiation for the treatment of
malignant and benign diseases
a. physical therapy
b. occupational therapy
c. radiation therapy
d. speech therapy
86. Indicatipms for IVP are the ff except
A. Gross or microscopic hematuria
B. Suspected transitional cell ca
C. Suspected ut stones
D. Suspected post op and post
traumatic gut perforation
RADIO MIDTERMS
1. Round cell tumor producing
permeative bone destruction
except. Osteosarcoma
2. Calcifications in plain radiograph
may be due to the ffv except
A. Intestinal
B. Vascular
C. Biliary
D. Tumor
E. None
3. Tb indication in chest x ray except
A. Unilateral hilar adenopathy
B. Solitary nodule
C. Ground glass appearance
D. Cavitation
4. This primary bone tumor has the
propensity to metastasize to other bones:
A. Ewing's sarcoma
B. Neuroblastoma
C. Osteosarcoma
D. Chondrosarcoma
5. Least common bronchogenic ca -
large cell?
6. shows early fatty infiltration in marrow
NMRI
7. Plain radio can show the following: air, 23. Most aggressive bronchogenic ca-
calcium deposit etc... basta, ang except small cell ca
kay solid vs cystic 24. most common histology of
8. groundglass appearance are seen bronchogenic ca: Adenocarcinoma
except 25. most impt limiting factor in
a. jirovechi preliminary analysis of bone lesions?
b. o... a. sex
c. asbestosis b. age
d. interstitial pneum c. race
9. Gastrointestinal abnormalities may be d. history
identified by:
A. Nuclear medicine studies
B. Barium studies RADIOLOGY PRELIM
C. Ultrasound studies 1. Discovered X-ray: Wilhelm
D. Plain CT scan Roentgen
2. Cardiac borders except:
10. Winking owl sign A. Right Ventricle
A. Muktiple myeloma B. Left atrial appendage
B. Plasmacytoma C. Intraventricular septum
C. Osteosarcoma D. Right Atrium
D. Metastases 3. Primary mediator of indirect effect of
11. % bone mineral loss to produce ionization
visible radiographic abnormality a. RNA
A. 10 b. DNA
B. 30 c. H20
C. 20 d. H+
D. 5 4-8. best modality for VUR, renal cyst,
12. Onion skin ewings renal cell CA, renal stone, horseshoe
13. H pylori as common cause of kidney
gastritis.. T/F Matching Type:
14. most metabolically active part of long CT urogram: renal cell
bone: metaphysis carcinoma
15. Solitary pulmonary nodule USD: Cyst
characteristic IVP: horseshoe
A. Stonogram: calculi
B. Calcification VCUG: VUR
C. Smooth edges 9. Golden s sign?
16. Sunburst sign --> osteosarcoma 10. Mri for gu studies? All are true??
17. type of lung cancer cannot be treated 11. Target molecule of radiation therapy:
surgically. Small cell carcinoma? DNA
18. Most common benign tumor of hand: 12. USD indication:
echondroma A. Determine function of the kidney
19. Only sign that SPN is benign B. Screen for renal calculu
A. Smooth C. Observe ureteral abnormalities
B. Completely calcified D. Determine delayed and
C. Less thn 2cm persistent nephrogram
D. Age 13. Best modality for Anatomic and
20. Hepatic nodularity is difficult to function of urinary tract
differentiate with malignancy. T/f A. IVP
21. Rule of two is for Meckel's: TRUE B. Voiding cystogram
22. Murphy's sign for pancreatitis false C. Retrograde
 D. D. Renal angiograph
14. Prevention in radiation exposure, 25. Radium and polonium?
except: Marie curie
a) reduce exposure Pierre curie
b) keep distance from px receiving 26. Thyroid nodule with higher chance of
tx harboring malignancy
c) wear lead apron A. Cold nodule
d) take antioxidants B. Hot nodule
e) increase exposure C. Warm nodule
15. Clinical modality using ionization D. All of the above
used for patients with malignancy. Radio 27. Alveolar pneumonia us characterized
therapy by the presence of
16. Failure of one or 2 kidneys to A. Effusion
migrate: pelvic kidney B. Cavitation
17. Bone scintigraphy is for? C. Air bronchogram
A.Metastasis, D. Tracheal deviation
B. infection, 28. Radiotherapy has risk for pedia
C. fractures. treatment. Cure will outweigh risktrue
D. AOTA 29. Treated by I 131 except:
A. Thyroiditis
B. Plummers
18. Renal angiography, true except C. Graves
A. Uses seldinger tech, cath aorta, D. Thyroid ca
inject dye or selectively to right or left
renal a 30. 3 main approaches in treating cancer:
B. Uses MDCT/MRA surgery, chemo, radio
C. Best in color doppler usd 31. The info that s acquired in nuclear
D. Uses non ionic contrast media med is
19. 3 sets of nephric system, except: a. Anatomic in nature
A. Pronephros b. Structural in nature
B. Mesonephros c. Physiologic in nature
C. Metanephros d. Real time
D. Uronephros e. Static
20. Computerized mechanical block 32. Target of radiation therapy: DNA
A. Corrobend 33. Which among the following has a
B. dual contrast? Parathyroid?
C. X.ray collimator 34. Leading cause of cancer death in
D. Multi leaf collimator both male and female: lungs
21. Neonatal jaundice: tc99m HIDA 35. When taking chest x-ray, the film is
22. Mesonephros gives rise to your place left side of the heart because:
A. Renal corpuscle A. near the chest.
B. Bowmans capsule B. Most convenient
C. Mesonephric duct C...
D. Wolffian duct D. Left hemidiaphragm is lower
E. AOTA than the right.
23. Single kidney: horseshoe kidney E.All of the above
24. Detection of calcifications or metallic F. None of the above
foreign body 36. Material used in radiography?
A. Plain radiograph a.gamma ray
B. Ct scan b.half life
C. Mri c.bone scan
 d.isotope 46. Emphysema- blunting
e.none of the above of.diaphragm
37. Palliation of rt except: 47. Tree in a bud- COPD
A. Pain 48. Arterial to bronchus ratio: 1:1
B. C 49. True except: teleteraphy uses
C. machine
D. 50. Brachyteraphy: (eenumerated 3
E. Complete irradiation of tumor ways) all of the above
38. The primary mediator of indirect 51. Increase density due to: calcium
ionization through the production of free 52. MODALITY: RADIATION THERAPY
radicals. 53. DISCIPLINE: RADIATION ONCOLOGY
A. RNA 54. FALSE: REDISTRIBUTION .... DIVIDED
B. DNA DOSE (SHOULD BE FRACTIONATION)
C. MrNA 55. Radiation beam is broken up: IMRT
D. Water 56. MOST significant achievement: IMRT
39. Contraindication of IVP except: 57. Except: Large euthyroid
A. Pregnancy 58. TRUE: In Radiation, benefits
B. Allergy to contrast outweigh the risks
C. Taking antihypertensive 59. Helps in radiographic landmark
drugs except: interventricular septum
D. 60. Allow the patient to void and then do
40. Radiation beam is broken up into imaging -- voiding
beamlete... cystourethrography?
A. IMRT 61. radiation most in:
B. 3D CRT a. 1st tri
C. Conventional.... b. last tri
D. Brachytherapy c. adolescence
41. radioisotopes for myocardial d. adult
scintigraphy: 62. UPRIGHT: pneumoperitoneum
a. tech-99m sestamibi Metenephron: permanent kidney
b. tech-99m tetrofosmin 63. Atelectasis... is radio opaque and ans:
c. thallium deviation of trachea towards
d. AOTA 64. Discovered X-ray: Wilhelm
42. Iodine 131 except Roentgen
A. Toxic goiter 65. Marie curie: discovered polonium
B. Large euthyroid 66. Blocks radiation- collimator?
C. Well differenciated ca 67. Nuclear med uses- gamma rays?
D. Poorly differentiated ca 68. Most radiosensitive- retina?
E. Nota 69. Most radiosensitive- 1st trimester
43. Significant finding in emphysema is: 70. Radioactive- isotopes?
A.tracheal deviation
B.flat diaphragm 71. The nephron will become the ff.
C.inc. lung markings except
D.blunting of costophrenic A. Bowman's capsule
angle B. loop of henle
44. Brachytherapy is administered: C. Dct
A. Intracavitary D. Glomerulus
B. Intrainterstitial E. Nota
C. Intraoperative/surface 72. Ureteric bud... except:
D.AOTA A. Ureter
45. highly allergic ionic B. Renal pelvis
 C. Major and minor calyxes
D. Collecting duct
E. Nephron
73. Contrast that is hypoallergenic, low
osmolar but expensive - non ionic
74. Xray uses element...
a) barium
b) calcium
c) radium
d) tungsten
e) isotope
75. The dense characteristic of the
substance in the body is due to the
presence of? Calcium
76. Urogenital sinus coming from?
Intermediate mesoderm
77. the following uses electromagnetic
waves except:
a. gamma rays
b. xrays
c. photon
d. electron
e. microwave
78. cancer staging would include:
A. Tumor size
B. Nodal involvement
C. Distant metastasis
D. All of the above
79. Principal instrument of nuclear
imaging: gamma rays
80. best achievement in the past 40
years:
81. Cardiac borders in xray except:
A. Right ventricle
B. Left appendage
C. Interventricular septum
D. Right atrium
82. Cancer for both sexes in the phils:
breast-lung-liver-colon-cervix
83. Tc-99m labeled RBC is used for the
following, except:
a. ventricular function
b. ejection fraction
c. wall motion abnormalities
d. none of the above
84. Part of the eye most sensitive to
radiation
a. Cornea
b. Lens
c. retina
d. optic nerve
e. sclera
85. the clinical modality that deals with
ionizing radiation for the treatment of
malignant and benign diseases
a. physical therapy
b. occupational therapy
c. radiation therapy
d. speech therapy
86. Indicatipms for IVP are the ff except
A. Gross or microscopic hematuria
B. Suspected transitional cell ca
C. Suspected ut stones
D. Suspected post op and post
traumatic gut perforation
RADIO PRELIMS
1] CT/MRI findings for the grade of
astrocytoma of the brain are the
following except:
A. Hemorrhage
B. Contrast enhancement
C. Size
D. Necrosis
2] ct best for except- calcification
3] To measure relative kidney function-
renal scintigraphy
4]The main source/s of energy of the
brain is/are:
A. Glycolysis
B. Krebs cycle
C. Ketolysis
D. All of the above
5] Outline organ structure
A. Blood
B. Bone
C. Fat
D. Barium
E. NOTA
6] xray differs from light due to: a.)
speed b.) binding enegry c.) frequency
d.) aota
7] Element influences image in MRI
A. Water
B. Fat
C. Hydrogen
D. AOTA
 on fluoroscopy table while images are
8] Best for renal cysts vs solid tumors taken.
A. Ct urogram A. IVP
B. Ultrasound B. Voiding cystourethrogram
C. Vcug C. Anterograde pyelography
D. Ivp D. Retrograde pyelography
E. Ct stonogram
19] emergency radiologic intervention in
9] Bone density due to - calcium the ff conditions is done, except
a. superior vena caval obstruction
10] USD indication: b. spinal cord compression
A. Determine function of the kidney c. hemorrhage
B. Screen for renal calculi d. postmastectomy and a >5mm mass in
C. Observe ureteral abnormalities the chest wall
D. Determine delayed and persistent
urogram 20] The net result of radiotherapy to
cancer cells are the ff, except?
11] Discovered the radium and polonium A. Inability to duplicate
in 1898: -Marie and Pierre Curie B. Inability to something else
12] Brachytherapy excpt C. Inability to grow
Close to the tumor D. Inability to apoptosis - ans
Delivers radiation internally
Uses isotopes 21] Primitive kidney so close that
Source from machine to patient combine at midline.
A. Horseshoe kidney
13] Urea breath test: H. pylori B. Pelvic kidney
14] Thallium scan is commonly used for: C. Kidney agents is
A. Detecting GI bleeding D. None of the above
B. Detecting pulmonary embolism
C. Pre-op evaluation of lobectomy 22] The utilization of this photon is
D. Coronary artery disease known effective in the treatment of
thyroid cancer.
15] Early finding of decrease in cerebral A. Alpha ray
blood flow: B. Beta particle
A.motor paralysis C. Gamma ray
B.hemorrhage D. X-ray
C.cerebral edema
D.i forgot 23] This is the most important target
molecule in the body
16] All are electromagnetic waves a. DNA
except: b. RNA
A. Electrons -- ans daw smile emoticon c. mRNA
B. Gamma d. Water
C. Microwave
D. Photons 24] Computerized mechanical block
Cerroblock
17] Cold nodule - malignant Styrofoam
18] Bladder is catheterized under sterile Multi leaf Collimator -ans
technique. Injected with iodinated
contrast under fluoroscopy. Catheter is 25] Popcorn
removed and patient is allowed to void Lymphoma
Hemangioma 29] Best achievement in the past 40
Hamartoma -ans years:
Carcinoid D. Imrt

26] It is a clinical and scientific discipline 30] Highly allergenic contrast?

devoted to management of patients with a. ionic
cancer by ionizing radiation, alone or in b. non-ionic
combination with other modalities. It
includes the investigation of the biologic 31] Information that is required in
and physiologic basis of radiation nuclear medicine is:
therapy. a. anatomic in nature
C. Radiation Oncology - Ans b. structural in nature
c. physiological in nature
27] urea breath test is used to detect: d. realtime
H. Pylori e. static

28] Outline of organ structures in plain 32] The ealiest presentation or finding
radiograph are possible because of when cranial blood flow is decreased is
contrast produced by: A. Motor paralysis
A. Blood B. Brain edema
B. Bone C. Cellular swelling
C. Fat D. Hemorrhage
D. Barium
E. NOTA 33] mediator of indirect ionization- water