EE302

Problems on matrix theory

1. Write down state space equations with u = v and y = i. Take x1 = iL and x2 = vc . Find
out the relation between R1 , R2 , L, C for which the system loses controllability.

+ iL

L
R
v
+

2
R
vC

2. Let 1 , 2 , 3 R be distinct. Show that

1 1 1
1 2 3
21 22 23

is an invertible matrix.

Let b1 , b2 , b3 R. Show that

b1 b2 b3
b1 1 b2 2 b3 3
b1 21 b2 22 b3 23
is invertible if and only if b1 6= 0, b2 6= 0 and b3 6= 0.
Consider a polynomial (s) = s3 + a2 s2 + a1 s + a0 whose roots are given by real numbers
1 , 2 , 3 . Assume that 1 , 2 , 3 are distinct. Show that the matrix

0 1 0
A= 0 0 1
a0 a1 a2

1
has (s) as its characteristic polynomial. Further, show that i is an eigenvector of

2i
A corresponding to eigenvalue i .

3. Obtain the diagonal/Jordan form for the following matrices.


   0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 1
A1 = , A2 = ,A3 = 0 0 1 , A4 = 0 0 1 ,
35 12 25 10
8 12 6
12 16 7
2 1 4 2 0 0 4 2 2
A5 = 0 2
0 , A6 = 0 2 0 , A7 = 284 47 29 .

0 3 1 0 3 1 4 3 7
4. Obtain the real block diagonal form for the following
 matrices. The blocks should be

either 1 1 having or 2 2 of the form .


  0 1 0 0 1 0
3 2
A1 = , A2 = 0 0 1, A3 = 0 0 1 .
1 1
0 1 0 5 7 3
5. Let A Rnn have n distinct real eigenvalues. Suppose T Rnn is such that

1 0 0 ... 0
0 2 0 ... 0
T 1 AT = .. .. .

.. .. . .
. . . . .
0 0 0 . . . n
Show that every row, say wi , of T 1 satisfies the property that,

wi A = i wi .
(Such a wi is called a left - eigenvector.)
In this case, show that (A, b) is controllable if and only if wi b 6= 0 i.
6. Show that the system
x = Ax + Bu
y = Cx

0 1 0 0  
with, A = 0 0 1 , B = 0 and C = 4 5 1 is not observable . Hence,
6 11 6 1
Y (s)
show that the transfer function U (s) has a pole-zero cancellation.

7. Obtain the output y(t) of the following system

   
1 0.5 0.5
x = x+ u
1 0 0
 
y = 1 0 x
 
0
with initial condition x(0) = and unit step input u(t).
0

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