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Barents Kattegat
Skagerrak
scandia land of
the Vikings live in." Scandinavian Teutonic skadino
-via a dark place."
1906 1157
Erik IX
Kronprinsessan Victoria
:
2
Juha Sipila
( )( Lutheranism )().
().
().
().
().
; 1947
(LWF)
( Roconciled diversity )
19
Martin Luther
()A. ()B. ()C. ()
D. E. ()F. ()
DanmarkDenmark : Danflat land
Danmarkmarkwoodland/borderland
Schleswig 10
Harold Bluetooth
---
Canute I, The Great, Canute I of England, King Canute II of Denmark , King Canute of Norway,1018~35 10
Gustav II Adolf
Schleswig-Holstein
1814 7 10 10
1839
1748-1818
1905 Christian Michelsen 1905 6 7
11 Carl II of
Norway ( Charles XIII of Sweden ) ( Prince Carl of
Denmark, Haakon VII av Norge )( )
1864
1939~45
Faroe
Treaty of Kiel - 1814 1 14 1803-15
Pomerania
Christian Frederik
Personal union
19 Pan-Scandinavianism
- Schleswig-Holstein 1848 -1850 Second
Schleswig War (1864 )-
19
1809
1387 1814 -
- Duchy of Schleswig
Duchy of Holstein 1864
-
Jutland ()
Schleswig - Holstein
""
""("")
""
12 (
)
1241 ()
""
""
()
1100
()
1143
1201
""
1214
- Schleswig-Holstein () -()
()
1273 (--)
- 1325
1326
()
1329 ""
1332
1340
4 1
1375
1386
Schauenburg (
)
1459 -
(1448 )
7
-- 1460
-
--
1474
-()
--
1523
1767
--
19
-1848
-
1460
-
-
--
-
- 3
-
-
-
1863 11 13
-
-
-
()
-
-
-
--
-
-
1282 ( Eric V of Denmark ) charter ( hndfstning - a kind of a
Danish Magna Carta )
1784
1849
GDP
Niels Bohr
Hans Christian Oersted Sren Kierkegaard
Hans Christian Andersen Isak Dinesen
Turbo Pascal, Delphi, C# Anders HejlsbergPHP
Rasmus Lerdorf C++ Bjarne Stroustrup
500
Kbenhavns UniversitetDanmarks Tekniske Universitet
Copenhagen Business SchoolAarhus UniversitetAalborg
UniversitetUniversity of Southern Denmark
21
9
42900 421000
5.83% 422000 15% 24%
51.5%
Suomi, Finland : (Suomalaiset)
Suomi (Finn " Our Land" ) (Hame)
( Hamalaiset, Tavastians) (Karjalaiset) (Karelians)
(Henry, bishop of Uppsala)
( patron saint ) 1155 (Eric) (crusade) (1238
1249 ) 1293 ( Vyborg,
Viipuri) 1323
1362
16
(Turku, Abo)
(Sorbonne) (Mikael Agricola, 1510--1557)
1548 (Wittenberg) 1593
(Lutheranism)
( Gustav I Vasa, 1523~60 ) ( )
House of Vasa Vasen
1596~97 (Club War) ( Klau
s Fleming) 1617 . ( Gustavus Adophus, 1611--1632)
( Peace of Stolbova ) ( Lake Ladoga) ( Ingria) (
) (Thirty Years War, 1618--1648)
( Charles XII,1697--1718 ) (Great Northern War, 1700~21)
(1713~21 ) ( the Great Wrath )
(1741~43 )
(1788~90 )
( 1809--1917 )
1808 (1801--1825) ( Borga, Porvoo) ( Diet)
1812
Grand Duke (Goran Magnus Srengtporten)
( Diet )
( Era of Bureaucracy, 1809--1863) ( Grand Duchy )
1820 ( Adolf Ivan Arwidsson )
( Bolshvik Revolution)
:
1917 12 6
(Red Guards) (White Guards) 1918 (
Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, ) (Carl Gustaf Mannerheim)
( Jagers) 5 1919 7 17
(Kaarlo Juho Stahlberg)
(Aland Islands) 1921 ( Leagu
e of Nations) 1931
( Lapua Movement ) 1932
1939
1939 11 30 ( Winter War) 1918
1940 3 12 Karjalan ( 12%)
( Hango, Hanko) 1941 6 22
( Lapland)
(War of Continuation, 1941~44) 1944 9 19
( )
(Porkkala) 32 4 4500
( popular-front style) ( Agrarians, 1965
Center Party) 1917 12 6
1918
11
2010
1944 Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (
30 1890~1910 )1946
( Juho Kusti Paasikivi) 1948
; 1955 ( Porkkala)
(1991 ) 1955 12 14
( Nordic Council ) 1961
(Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) (Urho K. Kekkonen) 197
5 (Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe) ( Helsink
i Accords) 1995 (European Union) 1994 5 4
; 10 16 57.5%
12 12
1155 1808-1909
1917 12 6
1930 1932 1
1939 4
67 1939 8
1939-1940
1941~44 1947
1993
51998 2.01 2001 (
5 ) 1 2
1939
1939 10
20~30 30
2
,11 9 1939 11 30
11 30 1940 2 10
1940 2 11 3 13 2 11
1940 3 13
1/10
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1940 ( )
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Sisu
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SISU Sisu
Sisu NOKIA Jorma Ollila
sisu
1920
sisu
sisu
2012 176
18
Norge, Norwy :
10
9 ( fylke )"
" 10 "" ( Harald Fairhair)
!
Fairhair Dynasty
!
""
( Unlike other Scandinavian monarchies and Anglo-Saxon England, Norway was never an elective monarchy)
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Bloodaxe ) ( Hkon the Good )
""()
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""( Erik the Red)
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( Helluland)(Markland)
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()
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985 999
, 1014 1028 ( King Cnut the Great,
Knutr Inn riki, Canute the Great, 995~1035 )1035
,1066 13
, 1363 Haakon VI Margaret I (1353~1412 )
14 2/3
1375 Valdemar IV 1380 Olaf IV
1388 ( 1387 Olaf IV
)1397 Kalmar (
)
Hanseatic League 13
Lubeck Bryggen ( Lubeck Bryggen
UNESCO ) 1450
1513 ,
.1534
17
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,
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Treaty of Kiel
10 11 4
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1899
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19 , 1887 ,
,, 50%,
1919 1919~23 1923 1928
30 ,1933 33%,
,1935
1939 1939 ,
1940 ,,
1940 4 8 50 6
V.A.L.
1945 5
1947 50 , 3 1949
1957 1903~19911959 60
,
14
1972 9 53%1980 11 ,:
70 ,, 3 ,
1400 ,1985 5
, G.H.
1991 1 21 53
-- 1971 9 22 -
-
,
Knut Hamsun ( 1859~1952 )
Edvard Munch ( 1863~1944)
Munch-Museet Edvard
Grieg ( 1843~1907 )
1863 5
Johanne Sophie
The Dance of Life
.. ..
1895
( Expressionism, Marc
Chagall, S. Soutine, A. Modiliani, Emil Nolde, M. de Vlaminck, E.L Kirchner, Eric Heckel, F. Marc, Oscar Kokoschka, George Grosz, Otto Dix,
Max Beckmann ) 20 ( 1944
) 1895 3
Black Piglet
(August Strindberg)
The Vampire Madonna
The Frieze of Life
1893 22 Edvard Much
90 , 1894, 1893,,
... . 8
15
1892 Sick Mood at Sunset, Despair
3
1883
( Ekeberg )
( Laura Catherine)
Sophie 13
1889
(Edvard Munch)
4
1 1893
1910 1893
(Jill Lloyd)
1994 10
20
19
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Rurik
SinjeusTruvor
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1520
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17
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1561
1581
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1611~32 1642
1648
30 1631
1625
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----
1654
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--- 1658 1700
1709
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1721
( )
1792 1809
1810 --
1818 -
200
-1946 -
-
1973 27 -1976
Alfred
Bernhard Nobel 3100 1900
Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien
August StrindbergAstrid Lindgren
18
1.44 Selma Lagerlf
Stieg
Larsson
89
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0.15 2
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IKIA
Volvo Scania Absolut VodkaIKEA
ABBA Greta Garbo
Ingrid Bergman
20
Danmark 10~11
14~15 16~18
Peter Minuit Axel Oxenstierna
Klas Fleming 1633
1731 17~18
1662
Fredrich Coyet1731~1813 Svenska Ostindiska Companiet
132 1745
1767
150 19
4
90%
21
HYGGEhygge means creating a warm atmosphere and enjoying the good things in life with good people. The warm glow of
candlelight is hygge. Friends and family thats hygge too.
1915 1967 1969
1989 2012
either/or
2013~15
Ranking of Happiness Log GDP per capitaSocial support
Healthy life expectancy at birthFreedom to make life choicesGenerosity
Perceptions of corruption 0 10 10 0
()()()()()
1 ( 0619 , Mon ) Oslo ( Norway ) Reykjavik
0530 TG635 (2005~2250) TG954 ( 0055~ 0725 ):
22
102,775 50% 50 16
30
874
Inglfr Arnnarson ( )
1262~1814
1814 - 1918
-25 ) 1944 4 9 1944
1970 200
Global Peace Index
40-50
2017
10
1.
2.
2008
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
7. 24
8.
11.5 % jkull
1. ( Vatnajkull )
( Hvannadalshnjkur ) rfajkull
( Grmsvtn ) 2014 8
(Bardarbunga)( Holuhraun)
12000
( Jkulsrln)
2. ( Langjkull )
3. ( Hofsjkull )
jrs Kjlur
4. ( Mrdalsjkull )( Eyjafjallajkul l) (
)
( Slheimajkull ) 2
( Katla )2010
5. ( Drangajkull )
1000
6. 25
( Snfellsjkull ) 13
( Snfellsnes )
( Faxafli )
2012 8
30 1783 Laki
Muharindin2010 3
21 Eyjafjallajkull 600 4 14
2011 5 21 Vatnajkull
Grmsvtn 2010 Eyjafjallajkull 20 12
Betula
pubescens Larix sibirica
Populus nigra Arctic Botanical
Gardens , Lystigardurinn
26
30-40 cm
28
Reykjavik
930
Iceland ( Greenland )
32 1/3 12
Mrdalsjkull Katla 10
1918 20 Eyjafjallajkull 2010
1.5 ...
Perlan, Pearl Tower 1176
360
29
30
( )
Guest House
( 1000 ) !
:
: Dyrhlaey Htel, Brekkur, 871 Vk i Myrdal, Iceland
1. Thingvellir ( 1930 )
2004 ( )
32
930 ingvellir
Althing on Logberg1271
1798
CNN
Turf Farm
---
35
Svartifoss
( Puffin)
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3739 C (
)
36
FI 202(0100 0600 )
:
:
:
:
5 ( 0623 , Fri )
Kjbmandehavn Copenhagen
Kopenhagen(Zealand)1369
1416 1443
Roskilde12
1658~59 18
1728 1795 1807 19
: 2008 Monocle
2011 180
2015 50%
Brsen:
( Amalienborg Marselisborg Palace
Christiansborg 1794 2 26
Den Kongelige LivgardeFrederik III
1658 KastelletRosenborg Slot
Kongevagt
LjtnantsvagtPalvagt
37
:
: Joachim Marie ; Nikolai, Felix, Henrik Princess Athena
Margrethe Henrik
Rosenborg 1604~34
Amalienborg SlotspladsFrederiks Kirke SMK -Statens
Museum for Kuns
Frederiksgade
Frederik V
Nicolai EigtvedMarmorkirken
38
Absalon
1167
39
1805 1875
Rdhuspladsen Lur
Lurblserne 1914
Lur
Lur
Gefion Fountain : Gefionspringvandet 1908
Anders Bundgaard
Gefjun
Snorri Sturluson Heimskringla
Gylfi
Vnern
Ivar Huitfeldt
40
RundetrnBrsenKastellet
1606
Kristen Munk
Botanisk Have J.
C. Jacob Christian Jacobsen 1874
1851 Crystal Palace 1936
: Langelinieparken
Lille Havfrue 1913 Carlsberg Carl Jacobsen
Edvard EriksenEline
Eriksen 1960
Larsens Plads
41
1837
Edward Eridsen
1913
Holmen
90
Frederiksholm
155m 1954 Tegnestuen Vandkunsten
Frederik V
2008
SkuespilhusetDet Kongelige Teater
RIBA European
Award 2005
Operaen
Christianshavn
() 34
Christianshavns Kanal
Lauritz de Thurah
Christian IV
Frederiks Tyske Kirke
70
90
Frederiksholms KanalDen
Sorte DiamantKongelige Bibliotek 1999
1906
Schmidt hammer lassen
42
Aarhus ARoS ARoS Aarhus
Kunstmuseum
Indre ByKnippelsbroSlotsholmen
Slotsholmen
Christiansborg SlotChristian VI 1733
Hjbro
Hjbro Plads
Absalon
1901
Valdemar I
Amagertorv
Mathias Hansen Housns Grd 1728 1795
1616
Storkespringvandet
Kbenhavns Universitet
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, DTU 10
Copenhagen Business School, CBSCopenhagen Institute of Interaction
DesignDet Kongelige Danske Kunstakademi
Det Kongelige Danske MusikkonservatoriumKbenhavns Erhvervsakademi, KEA
-Aarhus Universitet i Kbenhavn-Aalborg Universitet Kbenhavn
Novo NordiskNovozymes
21 26
:
:
:
: Scandic Sydhavnen, Sydhavns Plads 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
Slotssen( )
45
1574 Frederick II of Denmark 1577 1
24 40 km 4 km Sund Helsingborg
Sir Athony van Dyck (1599-1641) - Charles I (1600-1649) , The Royal Art Collection, Queen's Drawing Room, Windsor Castle
( )
1658 30
1785
46
:
2000 7 Malm
47
Storebltsbroen
17.5
resund Bridge 8
:
:
:
: Scandic Sydhavnen, Sydhavns Plads 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
: Gustav Adolf's Square (Gustav Adolfs torg), King Karl X Gustav of Sweden the Big Square (Stortorget)
and the Little Square (Lilla torg).
48
Poseidon Statue by Carl Milles in Gothenburg, Sweden Breakfasting at the Cafe Ledoyen, Hugo Birger
1718
52
17
17 20
:
:
:
: Scandic Sydhavnen, Sydhavns Plads 15, 2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
, 204 Km 1308m
,
(Skagerrak) : Saint Halvard (
).
55
;
; ;
29 5
()
( path of the soul )
Gustav Vigeland 1924~50 121 ( The
Resurrection )
56
1944 14
1906~14 20 (
Troll
Wikipedia
slow-witted
Troll
Troll
:
OdinAesir
Frigga
Thor
57
Sif
FreyrNjord
Freyja
Loki
TyrFenrir
HeimdallBifrost
Baldur
Hodr
Forseti
Bragi
Iunn
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Yggdrasil
AsgardGladsheim
Valhalla
Vanaheim
Alfheim
MidgardBifrost
JothuheimJarnvid
Svartalfheim
HelHel
Niflheim
Muspelheim
MondayMundilfariMani-Anglo-Saxon
Friday FrigedaegFreyjaFrigga
Saturday
1-2 7
58
1643 9 13
14 (11781241) 13
5 GiantsAesirVanirElves
Dwarves
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lfheim
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Ragnark
Ragnarkr Ragnarkkr
59
YggdrasilGullinkambiGladsheim
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Heimdall
540 Vigrid
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( Geirangerf Fjord )AnywayTroll
Troll Troll
..
Dwarves
60
61
10 12 10 Ceremonial Gallery
Pipervika
:
( fjord )
:
:
:
: Geilo Hotel, Gamleveien 2, 3580 Geilo, Norway
: ( Voringfossen )
: 1070
Hkonshallen
: St. Mary's Church (Mariakirken), Fantoft Stave Church (Fantoft stavkirke)
Fantoft Stave Church (Fantoft stavkirke)
: The fish market (Fisketorget), Torget() 67
( ) Nok= 699; x 4
:
:
:
: Comfort Bergen Airport, Lnningsvegen 45, 5258 Blomsterdalen, Norway
Kjosfossen
:( Norway in a nutshell )(Norway in a Nutshell)
5~9
204 1308 (Naroyfjord) 3
250
UNESCO (Voss)
(Gudvangen) 13
: (1,308 )( 240 )
:
:
:
: Sognefjord Hotel, Sognefjordvegen 20, 6863 Leikanger, Norway
: 500
( Jostedalsbreen )
: ( Nordfjord )
69
:
:
:
: Stranda Hotel, Almenningen 16, 6201 Stranda, Norway
70
Molde
: Nidaros
997 Viking king Olav Tryggvason, 995~1000
Nidaros( )( 1030~1217 ) Harald Hrfagre (Harald Fairhair, 865 - 933 AD)
:
:
:
: Quality Panorama, Ivar Lykkes Vei 1, 7492 Trondheim, Norway
73
Statue of St. Olaf (Olav) in Austevoll Church .The death of King Olaf
: ( Rana )
:( ) Svartisen
74
Svartisen
:
:
:
: Fjordgrden Mo, Sndregate 9, 8602 Mo i Rana, Norway
(Inuit)
75
1940 4 9, 13 6 8 (
)
76
: 'Liv opp av kaos' ('Life out of chaos', 1956) by Narvik's sculptor Gunnar Olaf Finn Eriksen.
77
Ski-Lift
:
:
:
: Quality Grand Royal Narvik, Kongensgate 64, 8514 Narvik, Norway
( Nordishavet )
78
:
:
:
:
1000 2.5
...
79
: 71 10'21"
309 ( 5 7 )
(Finnmark) 307
2102.3 .( Richard Chacellor ) 1553 1988
(Bronts Sea )
25 5/15 7/31
6/29
:
:
:
:
80
1,102 :
( Inari) Lofoten, ( Ivalo)
Inari Lofoten
:
:
:
: Holiday Club Saariselk Spa, Saariselntie 7, 99830 Saariselk, Finland
:
82
:
GDP
(Left no-one behind)
:
:
:
: Sokos Koljonvirta, Savonkatu 18, 74100 Iisalmi, Finland
83
:
:
:
: Cumulus Airport Vantaa, Robert Huberin tie 6, 01510 Vantaa, Finland
84
1923 106m
12/10
85
( Evangelical Luthheran )
Sibelius Park : Jean Sibelius
500 1967
Eila Hiltunen1922-2003 Eila Hiltunen
Sibelius Eila Hiltunen Sibelius 1910
Sibelius
16
1917 1899
Finlandia
1957 9
91
Kampin keskus
: 250
1772
18
1908
1918
()
1991
250
:
2011
: Baltic Princess ( Gulf of Bothnia )
( Viking Buffet)
:
:
:
:
87
( Gamla Stan) 17
Stortorget : 1520
Gustavus Vasa 90
Riksdagshuset:
89
90
106m : .
( Wasa ) ( 90 ).
59m 52.5m
64 1628 8 10 1300
Gustavus Adolphus
1956 8 25 1961 20
1990 1600
93
91 UNESCO ( Drottningholm)
Drottningholms Slot (Royal Domain of DrottningholmUNESCO, 1991 ) . 16 1537~80 King Johan III
Malaren Loven Katarina Jagellonika ( Drottning
holm ) 1661 Queen Dowager Regent Hedwig
Eleonora 12 30 Nicodemus Tessin
18 1777 King Gustav II
19 1907
1983
18 1753 Adolf Frederick Louisa Ulrika Chinese Pavilion
18 1766 Carl Fredrik Adelcrantz Lovisa Ulrika Slottsteater1792
94
Chinese Pavilion
Carl XVI Gustaf 1973 74
95
Drottningholms Slott Kungliga Slottet
1973
Nobel Prize
Concert Hall
Karolinska Institutet 200
3 10
Stockholms universitet
Kungliga Tekniska hgskolan, KTHHandelshgskolan i Stockholm,
HHSKungliga Musikhgskolan i StockholmKungliga Konsthgskolan
Militrhgskolan Karlberg
SaabIKEAVolvo
H&MEricssonElectroluxHasselbladKoenigsegg
SCANIASvenska Cellulosa
AktiebolagetSCA(Securitas)
:
:
:
: Scandic Talk, Mssevgen 2, 125 80 Stockholm, Sweden
:
:
: 96
:
25 ( 0713, Thu )