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Stress, strain
Youngs modulus
Constitutive relation
Plain stress
Plain strain
Stress concentration;
prestress (extra
torque to bolts)
150 litre Super insulated
Stress-life ice box [ -21 to -18 deg C
Gain < 3 deg C ]
Strain measurement
MATERIAL CHRACTERISATION
1. AXIAL --STRESS
2. BENDING-- STRESS
5. COMBINED STRESSES
******* [ IMPACT ANALYSIS- DROP TEST ON PRODUCTS]
EQUATIONS OF EQUILLIBRIUM
x xy xz
X 0
x y z
y yx yz
Y 0
y x z
z zx zy
Z 0
z x y
Plane strain
Geometry and loading
do not vary
significantly in the
longitudinal direction
z , xz , yz 0
x 1 0 0 0 x
1 0 0 0
y y
z E 1 0 0 0 z
xy (1 )(1 2 ) (1 2 ) / 2 0 0 xy
yz (1 2 ) / 2 0 yz
zx (1 2 ) / 2 zx
Principal Stresses
Combined loading: types
1
e ( 1 2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 3 1 )
2 2 2
2
e = Equivalent stress ( or Von-Mises stress)
1 2 3 = Principal stresses
Mohrs Circle
Principal Stresses Maximum and minimum shear stress
( X Y ) 1
1 ( x y ) 2 4 xy
2
max,min
1
( x y ) 2 4 xy
2
2 2 2