503 TRANSFORMATION

3.1 Basic Transformation

Transformations Example
x kanan kiri I is the image of object O under a
Tranlations
y atas _ bawah 5
translation .
Movement of x units along the xaxis 2
and y units along the yaxis 5 langkah ke kiri

2 langkah ke atas
Pergerakan x unit pada paksix dan di
ikuti y unit pada paksiy.

Reflection I is the image of object O under a

A reflection in the line ........... reflection in the line x = 3.

Pantulan pada garis .

Rotations
A rotations of R0 clockwise I is the image of object O under a
(anticlockwise) about the centre P (x, rotation of 900 clockwise about the
y). centre (4,2).

Putaran R0 ikutjam ( lawanjam ) pada

pusat P( x, y )

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 50

 Enlargements I is the image of object O under an
An enlargements of scale factor k with enlargement of scale factor 2 with
centre at P ( x, y) centre (0, 1).
Pembesaran dengan faktor skala k pada
pusat P ( x, y )
Scale factor /Faktor skala
Im age dis tan ce Jarak Im age
k = Object dis tan ce = Jarak Objek

PI
=
PO
Area of image/Luas imej ( I = k 2O )
= k2 x Luas objek

Centre of a rotation 900

Determine the centre point of a rotation

Langkahlangkah mencari pusat

koordinat suatu putaran 900
1 ) Pilih salah satu bucu objek dan
bucu imej yang sepadan
2 ) Sambungkan keduadua bucu
tadi dengan pembaris
3 ) Bahagi dua garis tersebut sama
panjang
4 ) Bina garis pembahagi dua
serenjang antara dua bucu
tersebut
5 ) Ulang langkah tadi
untuk bucu objek dan imej
sepadan yang lain.
6 ) Pusat putaran ialah titik
persilangan dua garis
pembahagi dua serenjang tadi.

Given that N is an image of M under a 900 rotation . Determine the coordinate of the
Centre point for each of the following object and image.
1) 2)

Centre point Centre point

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 51

3) 4)

Centre point Centre point

Exercise 3.1

1) The diagram below shows five 2) The diagram below shows five points in
triangles drawn on a cartesian plane. a cartesian plane.

Which of the triangles A, B, C or D is Point N is the image of point M under a

the image of triangle P under the 3
3 translation . Which of the points
translation 2
1
?.
A, B, C or D represents the point M?.
3) The diagram below drawn on a grid of 4) N is the image of M under a
squares. translation. Which of the following is
the correct translation ?.

4 4
Given Q is the image of P under a A. C.
3 3
x
translation . Which of the 4 4
y B. D.
3 3
trapeziums A, B, C or D is the image
of trapezuium M under the same
translation.
5) The diagram below shows a points P 6) Given that Q is the image of P under a
and a straight line y = x + 1 drawn on reflection.

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 52

 a cartesian plane.

Find the coordinates of the image of Find the coordinates of image M under
point P under a reflection in the line the same reflection.
y = x + 1.
A A. (6, 4) C. (7, 4)
(7, 1) C. (5, 2)
.
B. (6, 6) D. (7, 6)
B. (6, 2) D. (2, 6)
7) Q is the image of point P under a 8) L is the image of K under a reflection.
reflection. Which of the following Which of the following is the correct
straight line is the axis of reflection ?. line of reflection ?.

A. ST C. SV
A. x=y C. x = 3
B. SU D. SW
B. x=4 D. x = 5

9) The diagram shows four quadrilaterals 10 ) The diagram below shows five triangles
P, Q, R and S, drawn on square drawn on a cartesian plane.
grids.

Which of the triangles A, B, C or D is

Quadrilatera Direction of Imag
the image of triangle M under an
l rotation e
anticlockwise rotation of 900 about the
A. P Clockwise S centre O?.
B. Q Anticlockwise P
C. R Clockwise Q
D. S Anticlockwise P

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 53

11 ) B is the image of A under a 900 12 ) Q is the image of triangle P under a
clockwise rotation. Which of the rotation of 900 clockwise. Which of the
following is the correct centre point of points A, B, C or D is the centre of
the rotation ?. rotation ?

A. ( 2, 0 ) C. ( 4, 2 )
B. ( 3, 1 ) D. ( 4, 5 )
13 ) Which of the following point is the 14 ) Q is the image of point P under an
correct centre point of a 900 enlargement. Which of the points A,
anticlockwise rotation from object R to B, C and D is the centre of the
image T?. enlargement?.

15 ) Which of the triangles A, B, C and D 16 ) W is the image of V under an

is the image of triangles P under an enlargement. Which of the following is
enlargement with a scale factor of 2 ?. the correct centre point of the
enlargement ?.

( 0, 0 ) C. ( 1, 2 )
A.
B. ( 3, 3 ) D. ( 1, 0 )

17 ) The diagram below shows two 18 ) W is the image of V under an

triangles ABC and STU drawn on a enlargement. Which of the following is
cartesian plane. the correct centre point of the
enlargement ?.

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 54

 ABC is the image of STU under an
enlargement with centre 0. The scale
factor of the enlargement is
A. ( 0, 0 ) C. ( 4, 1 )
1
A. 3 C. 2 B. ( 3, 1 ) D. ( 5, 1 )
1
B. 2 D. 3

3.2 Combined Tranformations

Combined transformations MN means transformation N followed by transformation

M

3.2.A Combined Tranformations of a given point

Exercise 3.2A

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 55

1) Transformation T represents a 2) Transformation T represents a
2 5
translation and R represents translation and F represents a
3 2
a clockwise rotation of 900 about reflection in the line x = 3. State the
centre (0, 2). State the coordinates of coordinates of the image of point ( 2, 4
the image of point (4, 3 ) under ) under the following transformations.
the following transformations. a) T
a)T b ) TF
b ) TR c ) FT
c ) RT

Answer :
Answer : a )
a ) (2, 0 )
b )
b ) ( 3, 3 )
c )
c ) (2, 4 )

a ) ( 7, 2 ) b) ( 9, 2 ) c) ( 1, 2 )

3) Transformation F represents a 4) Transformation T represents a

reflection in the line y = x and R 3
represents an anticlockwise rotation translation and R represents a
of 900 about the centre ( 1, 1). State 2
the coordinates of the image of point ( clockwise rotation of 900 about centre
5, 2 ) under the following (0, 2). State the coordinates of the
transformations. image of point (1, 5 ) under the
a) R following transformations.
b ) FR a) T
Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 56
 c ) RF b) R
c ) T2

Answer :
a ) Answer :
a )
b )
b )
c )
c )

a ) ( 1, 5 ) b) ( 5, 1 ) c) ( 3,
a ) ( 2, 3 ) b) ( 3, 3 ) c) ( 5, 1 )
0)

5) Transformation F represents a 6) Transformation T represents a

reflection in the line y = x and R 5
represents an anticlockwise rotation of translation and F represents a
900 about the centre ( 3, 3). State the 2
coordinates of the image of point ( 4, 6 reflection in the line y = 3. State the
) under the following transformations. coordinates of the image of point ( 2,
a) F 5 ) under the following
b) R transformations.
c ) RF a) T
b) F
c ) TF

Answer :
a )
Answer :
b ) a )

c ) b )

c )

a ) ( 6, 4 ) b) ( 0, 4 ) c) ( 2, 6 ) a ) ( 3, 7 ) b) ( 2, 1 ) c) ( 3, 3 )

3.2.B Combined Tranformations of an object

Exercise 3.2B

1) Triangle II is the image of triangle I 2) Given that PQRL is the image of EFGH
under a reflection in the line y = mx . under the combined transformation
Triangle III is the image of triangle II MN. Describe the transformation N

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 57

 under an enlargement with centre at and M
( 0, 0) and a scale of n. The values of
m and n are.

transformation N transformation M
A m = 1, n = C m = 2, n =
A. Reflection Enlargement
. 1 . 1
B m = 1, n = D m = 2, n = B. Translation Rotation
. 2 . 2 C. Translation Enlargement
D. Reflection Rotation

3) The diagram shows three pentagon 4) In the diagram PKQR is the image of
A, B and C. ABCD under the transformation V and
JKLM is the image of PKQR under the
transformation W.

Given that C is the image of A under

the combined transformation VW.
a ) Describe in full the a ) Describe in full the transformation
transformation i)W
i)W ii ) V
ii ) V b ) Given that the area of
b ) Given that the area of pentagon quadrilateral ABCD is 10 unit2,
A is 6 unit2, calculate the area of calculate the area of the shaded
the shaded region region
Answer : Answer :
1 a ) i ) W is
a ) i ) W ialah translasi
3 .........

ii ) V ialah pembesaran ii ) V is
dengan ........
faktor skala 2 pusat ( 3,
.............
2 ).

b ) Luas imej = k2 x Luas objek.
= 22 x 6 b ) .......
= 4x6
= 24
b) 90
5) The diagram below shows triangles 6) The diagram below shows three
ABC, PQR and PST drawn on a quadrilateral ABCD, EFGH and PQRS.
cartesian plane.
Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 58
 Given that PST is the image of ABC
under the combined transformation
Given that PQRS is the image of ABCD
VW.
under the combined transformation
a ) Describe in full the
MN.
transformation
a ) Describe in full the transformation
i)W
i)N
ii ) V
ii ) M
b ) Given that the area of triangle
b ) Given that the area of
ABC is 8 unit2, calculate the area
quadrilateral ABCD is 15 unit2,
of the shaded region
calculate the area of the shaded
Answer : region
a ) i ) W is ..
Answer :
ii ) V is . a ) i ) N is ..

.. ii ) M is .
.. ..

b ) ....... ..

b ) .......

b) 32 b) 60 15 = 45

7) The diagram below shows three 8) The diagram below shows

quadrilateral EFGH, PIJK and PQRS. quadrilateral PQRS, TUVW and ABCD.
Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 59
 Given that TUVW is the image of PQRS
under transformation G. ABCD is the
image of TUVW under transformation
H.
a ) Describe in full the transformation
Given that PQRS is the image of EFGH i)G
under the combined transformation ii ) H
AB. b ) Given that the area of
a ) Describe in full the quadrilateral ABCD is 67.8 cm2,
transformation calculate the area of the shaded
i)B region
ii ) A
b ) Given that the area of Answer :
quadrilateral EFGH is 20 unit2, a ) i ) G is ..
calculate the area of the shaded
region ii ) H is .

Answer : ..
a ) i ) B is ..
..
ii ) A is .
b ) .......
..
..
b ) .......

b) 80 20 = 60 b) 271.2 67.8 = 203.4

3.3 Solve Problems Involving Transformation

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 60

Exercise 3.3
1) a ) Transformation P represents the 2) a ) Transformation T and P are defined
3 as follows :
translation
1
. Tranformation Q 3
T is a translation .
represents the reflection in the line 2
x = 2. State the coordinates of the P is a rotation of 900 clockwise about
image point (1,2) under the point (1, 1). State the coordinates of
following transformations. the image of point (1,2) under
i) Q i ) rotation P
ii ) P2 ii ) translation T
iii )QP iii )combined transformation T2.

b ) The diagram below shows b ) The diagram below shows

quadrilaterals AGHJ, ADEF and quadrilaterals IJGK, EFGH and ABCD
ABCD drawn on a cartesian plane. drawn on a cartesian plane.

i ) Quadrilateral ADHJ is the image

of quadrilateral ABCD under the
i ) IJGK is the image of ABCD under
combined transformation RT.
combined transformationS VW.
Describe in full the
Describe in full the
transformation T and the
transformation W and the
transformation R
transformation V.
ii ) If the area of quadrilateral AFED
ii ) Given the area of quadrilateral
is 18 unit2, find the area of the
ABCD is 16 m2, calculate the
shaded region.
area of the shaded region.
Answer :
a ) i ) . Answer :
a ) i ) .
ii ) ....
ii ) ....
iii ) ..
iii ) ..
b ) i ) T is

R is b ) i ) W is ...

.... V is ..
....
....
ii ) ..
....

ii ) ..

a ) i)( 6, 4 ) ii) ( 0, 4 ) iii) ( 2, 6 ) b) ii) 144 a ) i)( 2, 3 ) ii) ( 2, 0 ) iii) ( 5, -2 ) b) ii) 48

3) The diagram below shows triangles 4) a ) The diagram below shows three
ABC, DEF and GHI drawn on a cartesian quadrilaterals ABCD, PQRG and HJKG
Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 61
 plane.

a ) Given that P = reflection in the line

3 a ) Given that transformation T is a
x = 2 and T = translation 1
.
3
translation . Transformation R
State the coordinates of the image 2
point C under each of the following is a rotation of 900 clockwise about
transformations. point (0, 1). State the coordinates of
i) P the image point B under each of the
ii ) PT following transformations.
i) T
b ) Triangle GHI is the image of triangle ii ) FT
ABC under the combined
transformation MN. b ) HJKG is the image of ABCD under
i ) Describe in full the combined transformations XY.
transformation N and the i ) Describe in full the
transformation M transformations Y and X
ii ) Given that the area of triangle ii ) Given the area of quadrilateral
ABC is 6 unit2 , calculate the ABCD is 24 m2, calculate the
area of the shaded region. area of the shaded region.
Answer : Answer :
a ) i ) . a ) i ) .
ii ) .... ii ) ....

b ) i ) N is ..., b ) i ) Y is
........
X is .
... .....

M is .. .....
.

... ii ) ..

ii )
.

a ) i)( 6, 1 ) ii) ( 3, 0 ) b) ii)18 a ) i)( 7, 3 ) ii) ( 2, 8 ) b) ii)72

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 62
5) a ) Transformation R is a clockwise 6) a ) Transformation R represents a
rotation of 900 about the centre reflection in the line x = 3.
( 1, 2). Transformation P is a Transformation P represents a 900
reflection in the line y = x. State anticlockwise rotation about the
the coordinates of the image point centre ( 0, 4). Transformation T
( 0, 5) under the following 2
transformations. represents a translation .
i) R 4
ii ) P State the coordinates of the image
iii )PR point ( 2, 2) under the following
transformations.
b ) The diagram below shows three i) R
pentagon ABCDE, FGHIJ and FKLMN ii ) PR
drawn on a cartesian plane. iii )TP

b ) The diagram below shows triangles

A, B and C drawn on a cartesian
plane.

FKLMN is the image of ABCDE under

the combined transformation NM. C is the image of A under the
Describe in full the transformation combined transformation VW.
i ) M and Describe in full the transformation
ii ) N i ) W and
ii ) V
c ) If the area of pentagon ABCDE is
34 cm2, find the area of the shaded c ) If the area of A is 30 cm2, find the
region. area of the shaded region.

Answer : Answer :
a ) i ) . a ) i ) .

ii ) .... ii ) ....

iii ) .. iii ) ..

b ) i ) M is . b ) i ) W is

ii ) N is . ii ) V is .

.... .....
..
.... .....

c ) c )

a ) i)( 4, 3 ) ii) ( 5, 0 ) iii) ( 3, 4 ) b) ii) 102 a ) i)( 4, 2 ) ii) ( 2, 8 ) iii) ( 0, 10 ) b) ii) 240

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 63

7) a ) Tranformation P represents a 900 8) The diagram below shows
anticlockwise rotation about the quadrilaterals ABCD, GHJK and GPQR
centre ( 2, 3). Q represents a drawn on a cartesian plane.
reflection in the line y = 5. State
the coordinates of the image point (
3, 1) under the following
transformations.
i) P
ii ) PQ
iii )QP

b ) The diagram below shows triangles

A, B and C drawn on a cartesian
plane.

c ) Given that transformation T is a

4
translation . Transformation F
2
is a reflection in the line y = 8.
State the coordinates of the image
point C under each of the following
transformations.
i) T
ii ) FT

d ) GHJK is the image of ABCD under

Triangle Bis the image of triangle A
under the transformation V.
Triangle C is the image of triangle B
under a transformation W.
Describe in full
i ) transformation W and
ii ) transformation V
combined transformations NM.
i ) Describe in full the
transformations M and N
ii ) Given the area of quadrilateral
ABCD is 18 m2, calculate the
area of the shaded region.
Answer :
c ) i ) .

c ) If the area of A is 21 cm2, find the ii ) ....

area of the shaded region.
d ) i ) M is
Answer :
a ) i ) . N is .
ii ) .... .....
iii ) .. .....

b ) i ) W is
ii ) ..
ii ) V is

....

....

c )

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 64

 a ) i)( 4, 4 ) ii) (4, 4 ) iii) ( 4, 6 ) b) ii)
a ) i)( 1, 7 ) ii) ( 1, 9 ) b) ii) 54
315
9) a ) Transformation T is a translation 10 ) In below diagram, ABCD, KLMN and
3 PQRS are three qualilaterals drawn on
. Transformation P is a square grids.
4
clockwise rotation of 900 about the
centre ( 0, 1). State the
coordinates of the image point ( 1,
1) under the following
transformations.
i) P
ii ) T
iii )T2

b ) The diagram below shows three

trapeziums ABCD, EFGH and IJKL
drawn on a cartesian plane.

a ) Transformation F is a clockwise
rotation of 900 about the centre ( 0, 1)
and transformation G is a reflection in
the line of x = 2. State the
coordinates of the image point D
under each of the following
transformations.
i) F
ii ) FG

b ) PQRS is the image of ABCD under

the combined transformation
i ) IJKL is the image of ABCD under XY.Describe in full the
the combined transformation transformation
VW. Describe in full the i ) Y and
transformation ii ) X
a ) W and
b) V c ) Given that the area of PQRS is 120
cm2, calculate the area of KLMN.
ii ) If the area of trapezium ABCD is
16 cm2, find the area of Answer :
trapezium IJKL. a ) i ) .

Answer : ii ) ....
a ) i ) .

ii ) .... b ) i ) Y is .

iii ) .. ii ) X is .

.....
b ) i ) a ) W is
.....
b ) V is .
c )
..
.

...

ii ) ..

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 65

 a ) i)( 2, 2 ) ii) ( 2, 3 ) iii) ( 5, 7 ) b) ii)
a ) i)( 4, 2 ) ii) ( 4, 4 ) b) ii) 30
128

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 66

11 ) a ) Transformation H is a translation 12 ) a ) Given P = reflection in the line y =
2 3
and transformation G is a 2 T = translation and R =
3 2
clockwise rotation of 900 about the 900 clockwise rotation about (1,1).
centre (1, 1). State the coordinates State the coordinates of the image
of the image point J(2, 4) under point (2, 1) under each of the
each of the following following transformations.
transformations. i) P
i) G ii ) TP
ii ) H iii )RT
iii )GH
b ) Diagram shows three pentagons
b ) Diagram shows three pentagons ABCD, EFGH and PQRS drawn on a
ABCDE, FGHIJ and KLMNJ drawn on cartesian plane.
a cartesian plane. EMBED Word.Picture.8

KLMNJ is the image of ABCDE under
the combined transformation PQ.
Describe in full the transformation
i ) Q and
ii ) P
EFGH is the image of ABCD under
the combined transformation JK.
Describe in full the transformation
i ) K and
ii ) J

c ) Given that the area of pentagon c ) Given that the area of pentagon
ABCDE is 20 cm2, calculate the EFGH is 256 cm2, calculate the
area of the shaded region. area of the quadrilateral ABCD.

Answer : Answer :
a ) i ) . a ) i ) .

ii ) .... ii ) ....

iii ) .... iii ) ....

b ) i ) Q is . b ) i ) K is

ii ) P is ii ) J is ..

... .

..... .....

c )
c )

a ) i)( 4, 4 ) ii) (4, 7 ) iii) ( 7, 6 ) b) ii) 60 a ) i)( 2, 5 ) ii) (1, 7 ) iii) ( 1, 3 ) b) ii) 84

Modul Matematik Tingkatan 5 67