FORMATION OF IONIC BOND

Q : What is an ion?
Q : How many types of ions are there?
Q : How are the ions formed?
Q : How are the positive and negative ions formed?

Teacher explains by using sodium chloride as an example.

Na
Na

2, 8, 1
2, 8

• Sodium atom has 1 valence electron

• In order to achieve stable electron arrangement, sodium atom has to donate its
valence electron.
• Since all atoms are neutral, therefore sodium atom has 11protons and 11
electrons.
• Because sodium has donated its 1 valence electron, it has less 1 electron, therefore
it has 1 +ve charge.

Na  Na+ + e
2.8.1 2.8.8

Thus, Na+ ion ( sodium ion ) is formed and now the ion has achieved a stable
octet electron arrangement.
 • For chlorine atom, with 7 valence electrons, needs one more electron to achieve
stable electron arrangement

Q : From where does chlorine atom received this one electron?

A : From sodium atom.

• Chlorine atom has 17 protons and 17 electrons.

• When chlorine atom recieves 1 electron, it has one extra electron.
• Therefore it has 1 –ve charge

Cl + e  Cl-
2.8.7 2.8.8

Cl + Cl

2, 8, 7 2, 8, 8
• -
Thus Cl ion is formed and it has achieved a stable electron arrangement.

Q : What happen when a +ve charge ion meets a –ve charge ion?
A : Opposite charges attract each other!

Thus, the sodium ion and chloride ion will attract to each other and form ionic
compound.

+
-

Na Cl
Q : Do you know what force exists between the +ve ion and –ve ion?
A : electrostatic force.

Basically, we say, the bond formed from the attraction between the sodium ion and
chloride ion is the ionic bond.
The electron arrangement for the ionic compound can be drawn as follows.

Teacher can give different examples to explain the ionic bond.

Eg : MgO, CaCl2, Li2O

HANDS-ON ACTIVITIES:
Ask students to form different ionic compounds from the given cards shown below.

+ - + - + -

+ - + -

Na+ + Cl- --> NaCl Mg2+ + 2Cl- --> MgCl2 Mg2+ + O2- --> MgO

REINFORCEMENT EXERCISE

Once they have formed the ionic compound, ask the students to explain how the ionic
bonding is formed and draw the electron arrangement of the ionic compound formed.

FILL IN THE BLANKS FOR THE FORMATION OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE

COMPOUND

1. Magnesium oxide is an _____________ compound

2. Magnesium atom has 12 proton number. Therefore the electron arrangement of
the atom is _______________________
3. Magnesium atom has ___________ valence electron.
4. To achieve stable ________electron arrangement, magnesium atom has to
_______ its valence electrons to form ________ ion.
5. Oxygen has 8 proton number. Therefore the electron arrangement of oxygen
atom is _________.
6. Oxygen atom has __________ valence electron.
7. To achieve stable ____________ electron arrangement, oxygen atom has to
___________ ___________ electrons and formed ___________ ion.
8. A strong ______________ force is formed between Mg2+ and O2- ions and an
___________ bond is formed.
9. Draw the electron arrangement of the formation of magnesium oxide.