1.

Hoisting System
1. Mast
2. Traveling Block
3. Drilling Hook
4. Crown Block
5. Drawworks
6. Drilling Line
7. Drilling Line Spool
8. Dead Line Tie-down Anchor
9. Air Winch (or Air Tugger)

2. Rotating System
1. Swivel
2. Rotary Table
3. Top Drive
3. Circulating System
1. Mud Pits
2. Super Chargers
3. Mud Pumps
4. Mud Manifold
5. High Pressure Lines
6. Stand Pipe Manifold
7. Vibrator Hose
8. Stand Pipe
9. Rotary Hose (or Kelly Hose)
10. Swivel
11. Flow Line
12. Possum Belly
4. Tubular Handling System
1. Elevator Links (or Bails)
2. Elevators
3. Master Bushing
4. Insert Bushing
5. Manual Slips
6. Power Slips
7. Tongs
8. Power Tongs
9. Iron Roughneck
10. Pipe Spinner
11. Safety Clamps (or Dog Clamp)
5. Power Generation System
1. Power Control Room (PCR)
2. VFD
3. Engines
4. Generators
5. Electric Cables

6. Solid & Gas Control System

1. Shale Shaker
2. Degasser
3. Disander
4. Disilter
5. Mud Cleaner
6. Centrifuge
7. Chemical Storage & Mixing System
1. Mud Pits
2. Hoppers
3. Agitators
4. Mud Guns
5. Chemical Mixing Winch
6. Containment Pallets
8. Tubulars, Casings, Subs
1. Drill Pipe
2. Heavy Weight Drill Pipe
3. Drill Collar
4. Casing
5. Tubing
6. Cross Over
7. Bit Sub
8. Lifting Sub
9. Circulating Head
10. Float Sub
11. Side Entry Sub
WT-1 WT-2

RES #4 AMT#0

CABLE TRAY
MTT
RES #3 ACTIVE #1
3.05

TRIP TANK
RMT#2 ACTIVE #2
3.05
MUD MANIFOLD

7.43m
RMT#1 2.33

mats 1.18
Between
MP #1

MP #2
5.63

9.32
TDS VFD 2.33
CABLE TRAY

GEN #4 Koomy skid

VFD #1

VFD #1
GEN #3

GEN #2

GEN #1
FUEL TANK

FUEL TANK
 Used to run or pull drilling, coring, casing, testing, logging & production tools and
tubulars into or out of the wellbore.

API Spec 8C: This Standard provides requirements for the design, manufacture
and testing of hoisting equipment suitable for use in drilling and production
operations.
 Major components of this system includes:
Mast
Traveling Block
Drilling Hook
Crown Block
Drawworks
Drilling Line
Drilling Line Spool
Dead Line Tie-down Anchor
Air Winch (or Air Tugger)
 Main supporting components of drilling rig.

Designed and manufactured as per users' requirements and API Spec 4F

2013 Specification for Drilling and Well Servicing Structures.

Mast is a structural tower comprised of one or more sections assembled in a

horizontal position near the ground and then raised to the operating position
using draw-works.

Mast generally has six parts:

A-Frame
Lower Section
Middle Section
Upper Section
Crown Section
Monkey Board.
 Types of Mast:
Cantilever
Telescopic
Tower

Cantilever
The cantilever mast , also called k-type mast, is a robust construction that does not need to be supported
by guylines.
Assembled on the ground, the mast is raised as a single unit using the power of the draw-works or using
the hydraulic raising cylinders.
Its stability and fast installation makes the cantilever type mast the preferred choice for our land drilling rigs,
including fast moving rigs.
 Telescopic
Comprises of several sections that can be extended and retracted.
During rig up, each section is extended one by one by means of hydraulic cylinders and secured with
guylines.
Due to its compact design, the telescope mast is typically used on a truck-mounted drilling rig, or well-
servicing rig, mounted onto the carrier.

Tower
The tower type mast or derrick is a very robust construction that provides ample room for the derrickman.
Piece-by-piece installation is inconvenient and dangerous, as it involves assembly operations high above
the ground.
This is why the derrick nowadays is only used on offshore drilling platforms.
 Technical parameters associated with mast:
Max. hook load
Effective height of mast
Monkey board height
Drill pipe capacity
Allowable wind speed
Theoretical weight
 Technical parameters of JJ450/47.85-K Mast

Maximum Hook Load 4500 kN

Effective height of mast 47.85 M

Monkey board height 24.5 M, 25.5 M, 26.5 M

Drill pipe capacity 250 stands of 5 1/2 drill pipe, 7000 M

Allowable wind speed (max, min) 47.8 m/s, 16.5 m/s

Theoretical weight 71.53 T

 Play VIDEO DM001 Raising Mast
 A block with set of sheaves that move up and down in
the derrick.

The wire rope threaded through them is threaded (or

"reeved") back to the stationary crown blocks located
on the top of the derrick.

Sheaves provide mechanical advantage.

Design consideration: API Spec 8C

 Technical specifications
Max. static load
Out diameter of sheave
Diameter of wireline
Sheave number
Length
Width
Height
Weight
 Technical specifications of YC450 Traveling Block
Max. static load 4500 kN
Out diameter of sheave 1524 mm
Diameter of wireline 35 mm
Sheave number 6
Length 3075 mm
Width 1600 mm
Height 800 mm
Weight 8135 kg
 Play VIDEO DM002 POOH
 A large bail shaped device attached to bottom of
traveling block on which the TDS is suspended.
Designed to carry maximum load ranging from 100
1250 tons.
Has the same capacity as that of the traveling block.
Attached to traveling block using bail pin.
 The crown block is a fixed part consisting of sheaves, and it works together with the
traveling block to complete various hoisting operations.
The fastline on the crown block is led in the fastline sheave from the back of mast, and
crown block and traveling block are reeved along the line.
There are two auxiliary sheaves hung at lower part of crown block for hanging wireline of
air winch, one sheave for man-riding winch and one sheave for logging winch.
 Technical Specifications:
Max. hook load
No. of sheaves
Outer diameter of main sheave
Outer diameter of guide sheave
Diameter of wireline
Overall dimensions (LWH)
Theoretical weight
 Technical Specifications of TC450 Crown Block:
Max. hook load 4,500kN
No. of sheaves 7 pcs
Outer diameter of main sheave 1524mm
Outer diameter of guide sheave 1778mm
Diameter of wireline 38mm
Overall dimensions (LWH) 323031523690mm
Theoretical weight 10528kg
 A large winch that spools off the drilling line and thus
raises and lowers the drill stem and bit.
It is also used to raise and lower casings, tubing and
other well related tubulars and equipment.
It also raises and lowers the mast & sub base during
rig-up & rig down operations.
It consists of a large spool-shaped revolving drum
along which wire rope, called drilling line is wrapped in
a particular fashion.
When the draw-works is engaged
 Play VIDEO DM003 Drilling
 Special designed wire rope for heavy lifting.

Available in 7/8 to 2 (22 to 51 mm) diameter.

Designed in accordance to API Spec 9A,

Specification for Wire Rope

There are three main parts of drilling line:

Core
Strand (including the center of the strand)
Wires
 619 drilling line is the most common used in
the industry. 619 is a wire rope with 6 strands
and each strand has 19 wires.

The size of the drilling line must be compatible

to the size of the sheaves of crown block and
traveling block as well as the groove size of
drawworks drum.
 During manufacturing, the wire rope is twisted in spiral fashion to form the wire rope. This
spiral pattern is called Lay.

The kind of lay depends upon:

The direction of twist of strands
The direction of twist of wire rope

The wireropes are either:

Regular Lay
Lang Lay
Right
Left
 In regular lay the wire rope is spiralled in a
direction opposite to the direction of spiral of
the strands.
In lang lay the wire rope is spiralled in the
same direction in which the strands are
spiralled.
In right lay the wires in east strand of rope is
twisted in right, or clockwise, spiral around the
core.
In left lay the wires in east strand of rope is
twisted in left, or anti-clockwise, spiral around
the core.
 Types of wire rope steel:
Improved plow steel (IPS)
Extra improved plow steel (EIP)
Extra extra improved plow steel (EEIP)

EIP is 15% stronger than IPS.

EEIP is 10% stronger than EIP.

There are three types of core used in manufacturing wire rope:

Fibre core: where natural fibre like sisal obtained from agave plant or artificial fibre like polypropylene is
used as core.
Independent wire rope cope (IWRC): where a separate and independent wire rope is used as a core.
Strand core: where several wires make a strand and this strand is used as a core.
 Wire rope strand design:
Single layer
Filler wire
Seale
Warrington
Combination

Single layer:
one wire in middle with one layer of wire laid around it.
Example: 1-6 pattern
 Filler wire:
two layers of wire of same size laid around one center wire.
The inner layer has half the number of wires as in outer layer.
Also small wires are laid in the valleys.
Example: 1-6-6f-12 pattern (f stands for filler wire)
 Seale:
two layers of wire laid around one center wire.
The wire of inner layer are of smaller diameter compared to outer.
Each layer has same number of wires.
The wires in outer layer rest in the valleys formed by inner layer.
Example: 1-9-9 pattern
 Warrington
Similar to seale pattern
Two layers of wire laid around center wire.
Wires in inner layer are of same diameter.
Wires of outer layer have two different diameter.
The wire in outer layer having larger diameter rest in the valleys formed
by inner layer.
The wire in outer layer having smaller diameter rest on the top of inner
layer.
Example: 1-6-(6+6) pattern
 Combination
Combination of two or more patterns
Example: 1-8-8-(8+8)-16 pattern (a combination of seale and
warrington)
 Ordering a new drilling line

1 1/8 = diameter of drilling line
5000 feet = length of drilling line
6 19 = drill line having 6 strands, with each strand consisting of 19 wires
S = Seale pattern
PRF = drilling line should be preformed
RRL = Right regular lay
EIP = Extra improved plow steel
IWRC = independent wire rope core
 It store the drill line and provide the facility to deploy
during the cut and slip operation.
The drum can move in two directions.
Operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric
Different manufacturers produce spooler as per the
client requirement.
Also known as drill line storage reel or drill line spool.
 Technical Specifications:
Drill line diameter
Drill line length (on reel)
Line pull (maximum at outer layer)
Rope speed
Hydraulic supply
Weight
 Technical Specifications of Cameron DSLR 7500 1 5/8:

Drill line diameter 1 5/8

Drill line length (on reel) 7500 feet
Line pull (maximum at outer layer) 3372 lbs (15 kN)
Rope speed 65 feet/min
Hydraulic supply 3000 psi/ 13 gal/ min
Weight 52,250 lbs
 Firmly grips one end of the drilling line and keeps it from moving.
The other end of drilling line is gripped by the draw-works.
Deadline anchor is usually bolted to the mast and is a stationary part of rig.
Weight indicators sensing device is also an attachment on the deadline anchor.
Weight indicator is used to determine the string load, hook load and Weight on Bit (WOB).
Weight indicator sensor is a strain gauge.
 Designed for lifting applications.
Limited lifting capability.
Pneumatic operated.
Wire rope of a particular size is spooled on the drum of
winch.
One end of wire rope is clamped on winch and the
other end passes through the sheave on crown and
comes down to rig floor.
 Technical Specifications:
Rated capacity
Lifting speed
Compatible wire rope size
Number of layers of wire rope to be spooled on drum
Air consumption
Net Weight
 Used to turn the drill string and hence the bit to drill a hole.

Main components of this system includes:

Swivel
Rotary Table
Top Drive
 A mechanical device attached to travelling block hook
by a large bail.
It has three main function:
Suspend weight of drill stem
Allow drill stem to rotate
Provide pressure tight seal and passage way for
drilling fluid to be pumped into drill stem.
The drilling fluid enters the swivel through a neck
shaped structure called goose neck.
The fluid enters into the swivel through goose neck
and then passes through wash pipe.
Wash pipe is a vertical tube in centre of swivel body.
 Play VIDEO DM003A Drilling
Play VIDEO DM004 Drilling Operation
 It is used during drilling operation mainly for rotating
drill pipe, drill string; and support the weight of the drill
string(or casing string) while tripping in/out and running
in casing.
meets the requirements of API SPEC 8A.
Main components of rotary table includes:
Turn table
Drive shaft
Master bushing
 Technical Specifications of Rotary Table:
Opening diameter
Max. static load
Max. working torque
Max. rotation speed
Overall dimensions (LWH)
Weight
 Technical Specifications of ZP 375 Rotary Table:

Opening Diameter 952.5 mm

Max. static load 5850 kN
Max. working torque 32362 N.m
Max. rotation speed 300r/min
Overall dimensions (LWH) 24681810718 (mm)
Weight 8026kg
 Play VIDEO DM004 Drilling Operation
 A substitute for swivel.
A mechanical device with integrated motor to provide
drive as well as a swivel mechanism to provide a path
for passage of drilling fluid.
Allows drilling with stands (doubles/ triples).
Allows back reaming.
Major components:
Drilling motor
Integrated swivel
Wash pipe
IBOP
 Play VIDEO DM005 Top Drive IBOP
Play VIDEO DM006 Top Drive Wash Pipe
Play VIDEO DM007 Making Connection & Drilling
 The circulating system circulates drilling fluid from pits down to the bit and then back to
the surface.
Major components include:
1. Mud Pits
2. Super Chargers
3. Mud Pumps
4. Mud Manifold
5. High Pressure Lines
6. Stand Pipe Manifold
7. Vibrator Hose
8. Stand Pipe
9. Rotary Hose (or Kelly Hose)
10. Swivel
11. Flow Line
12. Possum Belly
 Play VIDEO DM008 Circulating System
 The main function of mud tanks (or mud pits) are:
To store enough drilling fluid
To collect mud returns from the well
To supply drilling fluid to the mud pumps
To provide means for processing the drilling fluid.

Major components include:

Agitators
mud guns
transfer lines
mixing lines
suction lines
Valves
Hoppers
 Superchargers are centrifugal pumps used to suck mud from the suction tank and deliver
it to mud pumps.
Super chargers are alone capable of lifting the mud from ground level to swivel.
They cannot provide optimum hydraulics required for normal drilling operation.
 It feeds circulating high-pressure drilling fluid to well bottom during work to flush the well
bottom crush rocks, cool and lubricate bits and carry rock debris to the surface.
Types:
Single Acting Duplex, Triplex
Double Acting Duplex, Triplex

Designed in conformity with API spec 7K-2010 Specification for drilling and well servicing
equipment.

Major components:
Power End
Fluid End
 The power end consists of pinion shaft, crank connecting rod and cross sliding block
mechanism, supplies power to the fluid end.
The hydraulic cylinder of the fluid end and piston carries out reciprocating motion in liner
by means of the power from the power end to change the volume of the hydraulic cylinder
cavity, jointly acts with suction valve and discharge valve to suck and compress the low-
pressure mud through the suction valve and then discharge high-pressure mud through
the discharge valve.
 Technical Parameters of mud pumps:
Type
Rated input power
Max. liner diameter
Stroke length
Rated stroke rate
Max. working pressure
Max. displacement
Size of valve chamber
Weight of main body
 Technical Parameters of mud pumps:
 It is a set of valves which control the distribution of mud supplied by mud pumps to the
high pressure lines.
 High pressure lines or solid lines are steel lines of high pressure rating capable of
transferring fluid through them at high pressure ranging from 5000 psi to 20000 psi.
Used for connecting mud pumps to standpipe.
 Set of valves used to provide path for the drilling mud
discharged from mud pump to stand pipe.
The valves have similar pressure rating as that of the
stand pipe and high pressure lines.
 These are high pressure rubber hoses connecting the stand pipe with the stand pipe
manifold.
The pressure rating of vibrator hose are equal to or grater than the pressure rating of the
stand pipe in use.
 The main function of mud tanks (or mud pits) are:
To store enough drilling fluid
To collect mud returns from the well
To supply drilling fluid to the mud pumps
To provide means for processing the drilling fluid.

Major components include:

Agitators
mud guns
transfer lines
mixing lines
suction lines
Valves
Hoppers
 Rotary Hose is a high pressure rubber hose connecting the standpipe to the goose neck
of TDS of Swivel.
These hoses are flexible in nature.
Have hammer union connection on both ends.
Allows passage of drilling fluid.
 Flow line or the return line are large diameter metallic pipe connected to the riser of bell
nipple.
The fluid coming from well passes through the flow line to the possum belly.
Through possum the fluids are distributed to shale shakers/
 A Possum belly, on a drilling rig, is a metal container at the head of the shale shaker that
receives the flow of drilling fluid and is directly connected to and at the end of the flow
line. A possum belly may also be referred to as a distribution box or flowline trap.
The purpose of the possum belly is to slow the flow of the drilling fluid (after it has gained
momentum from coming down through the flow line) so that it does not shoot off of the
shale shakers.