Chapter 6: Periodic Table

6.1 Classifications of elements

1. Complete the statement below.

Matter
(Solid, liquid and gas) Consists of small and discrete particles called as _____________.

Atom is consists of three types of subatomic particles which are

(a)________________ (b) _______________ (c)_______________

Characteristics of subatomic particles:

(a) Electron: ________________________________
(b) Proton: _________________________________
(c) Neutron: ________________________________

(a) _________________and ____________________ are found in the nucleus of an atom.

(b) __________________ surrounds the nucleus.

(c) The nucleus has ____________________ charge due to the positively-charged protons in it.

(d) Number of proton = number of electron. Hence, an atom is __________________.

__________________ are neutral particles made up of __________or ___________ atoms.

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2. Identify the diagrams below. State whether the following is an atom or a molecule.

What is an element and compound?

1. Complete the following with the correct description.

Element Compound

a) Matter made up of more than one type of atoms chemically combined. ___________________
b) Matter that made up of one type of atom only. __________________

2. Decide whether the following substances are element (E) or compound (C).

Substance Element (E) or compound(C)

(a) Carbon dioxide
(b)Helium
(c)Air
(d) Sodium
(e) Mercury
(f) Iron oxide
(g) Oxygen
(h) Silicon
(i) Glucose
(j) Nitrogen dioxide

3. Match the following with the correct description.

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Periodic Table
1. All matter found in the Periodic Table are ___________________.

2. All the elements in the Periodic Table are arranged according to the ___________________.

3. The number of_____________ in an atom is called atomic number.

4. The atomic number is_____________ for each element.

5. Each element can be represented using its ________________.

Element Chemical symbol

Oxygen
Carbon
Iron
Magnesium

6. Elements in Periodic Table can be divided into ______________ and ___________________.

7. The diagram below shows a Periodic Table. Complete the label on the diagram with following words.

Activity 6.1: To identify the position of metals, non-metals and inert gases in the Periodic Table.
(Page 139 of text book).

2. State five examples of the elements in the following table.

Metal Non-metal Inert gases

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Metals and Non-metals

1. Compare the characteristics of metal and non-metal.

Metals Similarity Non- metals

Metals Characteristics Non-metals

Surface properties

Ductility

Malleability

Tensile strength

Electrical conductivity

Heat conductivity

Melting point and boiling point

Density

1. What are the uses of chlorine?

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What are the uses of sulphur?

__________________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is copper suitable to be used to make electrical wire?

__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why is aluminium used to make the plane?

__________________________________________________________________________________

5. Why is pot made of metal while its handle is made of non-metal materials such as plastic or wood?

__________________________________________________________________________________

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Experiment 6.2: To study the characteristics of metal and non-metals
Carry out experiment 6.2 (Page 172 of text book).

Results:

Physical characteristic Metal Non-metal

Appearance
Ductility
Malleability
Electrical conductivity
Heat conductivity
Melting point

Conclusion:
Are the hypothesis?
_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Questions:

1. What is the difference between the appearance of copper rod and carbon rod surface?
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Between copper wire and pencil lead, which one can be bent?
______________________________________________________________________________

3. Between iron and sulphur pieces, which one is malleable?

______________________________________________________________________________

4. Which one can conduct electricity - iron, carbon or sulphur?

______________________________________________________________________________

5. Between iron and carbon rod, which one can conduct heat?
______________________________________________________________________________

6. Between tin and sulphur powder, which one has a higher melting point?
______________________________________________________________________________

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6.2 Mixtures

1. A mixture consists ___________ or __________ elements or compounds mixed _________________.

2. As the mixture is formed physically, it can be separated __________________ too.

Methods to separate mixtures.

1. List the methods to separate mixtures.

(a) (c)

Is the method used to separate an Is used to separate ________ solid mixtures in

____________solid from mixture of solid and which one of the substances is
liquid. ___________________ and the other is ________.

(b) (d)

Is the method separate a completely Is used to separate a liquid and

_____________ liquid-liquid mixture that have ________________ solid mixture.
different boiling points.

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 (e) (f)

Is used to separate____________ and Is used to separate ___________ amount of

___________________ materials in water. mixture, for example separating the
_____________ from the ink used.

Activity 6.4: To separate a mixture using filtration method

Carry out activity 6.4 (Page 178 of text book).

Questions:

1. What are the states of matter of sand and water?

__________________________________________________________________________________

2. Can the sand be separated physically from water?

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. Name the residue and filtrate in this activity.

_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 6.5: To separate a mixture using distillation method

Carry out activity 6.5 (Page 179 of text book).

Questions:
1. At what temperature does the liquid start to flow out of the condenser?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the use of porcelain chips in this experiment?

_________________________________________________________________________________

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Activity 6.6: To separate a mixture using magnet
Carry out activity 6.6 (Page 181 of text book).

Questions:
1. Which powder will be attracted to the magnet?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the powder that you answered in question 1, a metal or non-metal?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 6.7: To separate a mixture using sedimentation method.

Carry out activity 6.7 (Page 182 of text book).

Questions:
1. Which substance is left inside the beaker?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Can water and sand be separated physically?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 6.8: To separate a mixture using floatation method.

Carry out activity 6.8 (Page 183 of text book).

Questions:
1. Between water and oil, which one floats? Why?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Can oil and water be separated physically?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 6.9: To separate a mixture using chromatography method.

Carry out activity 6.9 (Page 184 of text book).

Questions:
1. What are the colours produced on the filter paper?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Is the colour produced the same as the ink of the whiteboard marker pen?
_________________________________________________________________________________

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6.3 Compounds

1. Compound consists of ________or ________ elements that are mixed ____________________.

2. Components of a compound can only be separated ____________________.

3. _______________ and ________________ combine chemically to form compound.

4. A few types of compound formation are as following:

Metal + Oxygen Metal oxide

Example:
a) ________________+ oxygen ________________________

b) ________________ + oxygen ________________________

c) ________________ + oxygen ________________________

Metal + Water Metal hydroxide hydroxide + hydrogen gas

Example:

a) __________ + Water _______________________ + ______________________

b) __________ + Water _______________________ + ______________________

c) __________ + Water _______________________ + ______________________

Metal + sulphur Metal sulphide

Example:
a) _____________ + Sulphur ________________________

b) _____________ + Sulphur ________________________

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Activity 6.7: To produce a compound.
Carry out activity 6.11 (Page 186 of text book).

Questions:
1. What is the colour of the mixture when it is heated?
_________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write the word equation of the chemical reaction that occurred?

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. What is the product of this reaction?

_________________________________________________________________________________

4. Is there any change in the mass of the compound before and after heating?
_________________________________________________________________________________

Methods to Separate Compounds

1. A compound can only be separated by using chemical method which is through _________________
process.

2. Explain the meaning of electrolysis and draw a diagram of water electrolysis process.

Electrolysis is a______________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

___________________________________

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 Difference between Chemical Changes and Physical Changes
State the similarity and differences of physical and chemical changes.

Differences between Mixtures and Compounds

Complete the table below regarding the difference of mixtures and compounds.

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PT3 Practice

1. An iron nail and a nylon string is matter.

a) What will happen when the two substances above are heated? Give areason.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

b) (i) Aluminium metal is used to make drinking cans in a large scale.

Explain the characteristic of aluminium which enables it to be used for this purpose.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

(ii) The photo below shows the mining of bauxite to obtain aluminium.
.

The source of aluminium is the Earths crust is limited. If aluminium is used in an uncontrolled
way, it will eventually exhausted. Suggest ways to reduce the risk of using up the sources of
aluminium in the Earth.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

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