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Large-Panel Systems
The designation large-panel system refers to
multistory structures composed of large wall and
floor concrete panels connected in the vertical
and horizontal directions so that the wall panels
enclose appropriate spaces for the rooms within
a building. These panels form a box-like
structure. Both vertical and horizontal panels
resist gravity load. Wall panels are usually one-
story high. Horizontal floor and roof panels span
either as one-way or two-way slabs. When
properly joined together, these horizontal
elements act as diaphragms that transfer the
lateral loads to the walls (Guevara-Perez, 2007). A large-panel concrete building
under construction (WHE Report
55, Russian
Frame Systems Federation)
Precast frames can be constructed using either linear elements or spatial beam-
column subassemblages. Precast beam-column subassemblages have the
advantage that the connecting faces between the subassemblages can be placed
away from the critical frame regions; however, linear elements are generally preferred
because of the difficulties associated with forming, handling, and erecting spatial
elements. The use of linear elements generally means placing the connecting faces
at the beam-column junctions. The beams can be seated on corbels at the columns,
for ease of construction (Guevara-Perez, 2007).
Flat Slab
Flat Slabs are considered suitable for most of the construction and for asymmetrical
column layouts like floors with curved shapes and ramps etc. The advantages of
applying flat slabs are many like depth solution, flat soffit and flexibility in design layout.
Even though building flat slabs can be an expensive affair but gives immense freedom
to architects and engineers the luxury of designing (The Constructor, n.d.).
WHAT ARE ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS?
Flat Plate
Waffle slabs tend to be deeper than the equivalent ribbed slab. Waffle slabs have a
thin topping slab and narrow ribs spanning in both directions between column heads
or band beams. The column heads or band beams are the same depth as the ribs
(Concrete Centre, n.d.).
WHAT ARE ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS?
Lift Slab
It offers many of the advantages of pre-casting and eliminates many of the storing,
handling, and transporting disadvantages. It normally requires fewer joints than other
types of precast building systems. Typically, columns are erected first, but not
necessarily for the full height of the building. Near the base of the columns, floor slabs
are cast in succession, one atop another, with a parting com-pound between them to
prevent bond. The roof slab is cast last, on top. Usually, the construction is flat plate,
and the slabs have uniform thickness; waffle slabs or other types also can be used
(The Constructor, n.d.)
.
WHAT ARE ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS?
Span-stress prestressed T-Joist can be used with filler blocks or with collapsible steel
forms or plywood forms. It eliminates or reduces scaffoldings to the minimum. Length
goes from 3.00 meters to 9.00 meters (Salvan & Buhangin, 1996).
WHAT ARE ITS USES AND APPLICATIONS?
Slipform Method
Slipform is similar in nature and application to jumpform, but the formwork is raised
vertically in a continuous process. It is a method of vertically extruding a reinforced
concrete section and is suitable for construction of core walls in high-rise structures
lift shafts, stair shafts, towers, etc. It is a self-contained formwork system and can
require little crane-time during construction.
This is a formwork system which can be used to form any regular shape or core. The
formwork rises continuously, at a rate of about 300mm per hour, supporting itself on
the core and not relying on support or access from other parts of the building or
permanent works.
Commonly, the formwork has three platforms. The upper platform acts as a storage
and distribution area while the middle platform, which is the main working platform, is
at the top of the poured concrete level. The lower platform provides access for
concrete finishing (Concrete Centre, n.d.).
Civil Digital. (n.d.). Ribbed and Waffle Systems: Advantages and Disadvantages. Retrieved from Civil
Digital: https://civildigital.com/ribbed-waffle-slab-system-advantages-disadvantages/
Concrete Centre. (n.d.). Ribbed and Waffle Slabs. Retrieved from Concrete Center:
http://www.concretecentre.com/Building-Elements/Floors/Ribbed-Waffle-Slabs.aspx
Cornell Engineers. (n.d.). Beware of Waffle Slabs. Retrieved from Cornell Engineers:
https://www.cornellengineers.com.au/beware-waffle-slabs/
Guevara-Perez, T. (2007, January 25). Pre-cast Construction. Retrieved from Svetlana Brzev, British
Columbia Institute of Technology: http://www.world-housing.net/wp-
content/uploads/2011/08/Type_Precast.pdf
Salvan, G. S., & Buhangin, J. F. (1996). Architectural and Structural Topics: Wood-Steel-Concrete.
Quezon: JMC Press.
The Constructor. (n.d.). Flat Slabs and Design Types. Retrieved from The Constructor:
https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/flat-slab-types-design-advantages/13919/
The Constructor. (n.d.). Lift Slab Construction. Retrieved from The Constructor:
https://theconstructor.org/concrete/lift-slab-construction/6824/