Natural Resources 6

CHAPTER

Answers & Solutions

SECTION-A : Cross-word Type Question :

Across Down
1. Algal bloom 2. Acid rain
4. Eutrophication 3. Exhaustible
8. Denitrification 5. Pedology
9. Weathering 6. Smog
10. Ozone hole 7. Biosphere

SECTION-B : Objective Type Questions :

1. Answer (3)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (1)
4. Answer (3)
5. Answer (4)
6. Answer (1)
7. Answer (2)
8. Answer (1)
9. Answer (2)
10. Answer (3)
11. Answer (4)
12. Answer (2)
13. Answer (1)
14. Answer (1)
15. Answer (3)
16. Answer (1)

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68 Natural Resources Solution of Biology - Class IX

17. Answer (2)

18. Answer (1)
19. Answer (4)
20. Answer (3)
21. Answer (4)
22. Answer (2)
23. Answer (4)
24. Answer (1)
25. Answer (4)
26. Answer (4)
27. Answer (1)
28. Answer (3)
29. Answer (2)
30. Answer (4)
31. Answer (2)

SECTION-C : Comprehension Type Questions :

1. On comparing the maps depicting average rainfall and vegetation, a clear pattern is observed between the
rainfall and biodiversity. The amount of rainfall decides the number of species, the types of species and
the population of each species existing in an area. More is the rainfall, more is the biodiversity and vice
versa.
2. No, rainfall is not the only factor. Other factors of abiotic nature are temperature and nature of soil.
3. Western Ghats and North-East India are the regions of maximum biodiversity in India.
4. Parts of Rajasthan, Ladakh, Lahaul and Spiti are examples of least vegetation in India.
5. Such range of diversity can be associated to the difference in the amount of rainfall received in these regions
because water is a very important factor to decide the nature and size of the biodiversity existing in an area.
Western Ghats are blessed with high average annual rainfall while parts of Rajasthan are characterized by
very less average annual rainfall. As a result, such variation occurs.

SECTION-D : Assertion & Reason Type Questions :

1. Answer (2)
2. Answer (2)
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (4)
5. Answer (3)

SECTION-E : Matrix Match Type Questions :

1. Answer (4)
2. Answer (3)
3. Answer (3)
4. Answer (1)
5. Answer (2)

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 Solution of Biology - Class IX Natural Resources 69
SECTION-F :
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. Biotic components (plants, animals and microorganisms) and abiotic components (air, water, light, soil, etc.).

2. Biosphere is a life-supporting zone of the Earth where the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere
interact and make life possible.

3. (i) Diatomic oxygen, O2

(ii) Triatomic oxygen or ozone, O3

4. (i) Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

(ii) Proteins

5. Water pollution (due to presence of mercury in it).

6. Ground water pumped out by tube wells.

7. Fertilizers and pesticides sprayed in the fields, sewage and wastes from factories are the major sources
of water pollution.

8. CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs

9. Water cycle

10. (i) Water vapours in the air which form clouds.

(ii) Rain water (liquid form) that falls on the Earth.

(iii) Sometimes, solid (snow) state as well.

Short Answer Type Questions :

1. Natural resources are those components of the environment that can be used by human beings in order
to promote the welfare of mankind. Depending upon the availability, abundance and relevance, natural
resources have been classified as follows :

Natural Resources

Inexhaustible Exhaustible

Renewable Non-renewable

2. Acid rain : As the fossil fuels are burnt, different oxides of nitrogen and sulphur are emitted. These oxides
fall on Earth along with rain in the form of acids (H2SO4 and HNO3) and constitute acid rain.

Smog : It is a dark brownish or greyish smoky mist formed especially in cold weather by the combination
of gaseous pollutants and fog.

3. (i) Burning of fossil fuels in industries and thermal plants.

(ii) Smoke from automobiles

(iii) Radioactive emissions

4. Movement of air causes winds. The air moves from a region of high pressure to a region of low pressure.

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70 Natural Resources Solution of Biology - Class IX

5. Ammonification : As the plants and animals die, they are decomposed by microbes. This brings about
the conversion of their proteins and other complex biomolecules into amino acids and finally ammonia. This
is called ammonification. It is carried out by ammonifying bacteria (Bacillus ramosus).
Denitrification : The conversion of nitrates into gaseous nitrogen is called denitrification which is carried
out by bacterium Pseudomonas.
6. Due to the action of certain chemicals like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), the ozone layer is depleting. This
thinning of the ozone layer is very evident over Antarctica and is termed as ozone hole.
7. (i) All cellular activities take place in presence of water.
(ii) All metabolic reactions take place in the presence of water.
(iii) Water protects the body from sudden increase in temperature.
(iv) Transport of substances in the body of living organisms occurs in the dissolved state.
8. (i) Vegetation cover
(ii) Monitored grazing
(iii) Terracing
(iv) Wind breaks
(v) Contour bunds
9. The level of carbon dioxide in atmosphere is maintained by two concomitant activities going on in the nature
i.e., production and consumption of carbon dioxide.
Carbon dioxide is produced by -
(i) Respiration in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
(ii) Combustion of fuel due to human activities.
(iii) Combustion of fuel due to natural activities like forest fires.
Carbon dioxide is consumed or is reduced in the atmosphere by -
(i) Green plants They convert carbon dioxide into glucose in the presence of sunlight by photosynthesis.
(ii) Some marine animals use carbonates dissolved in sea water to make their protective coverings
i.e., shells.
10. Clouds are wet air masses that float in the direction of prevailing wind. They are formed when water vapours
are formed in large number. There is evaporation from the surface of water bodies and wet areas due to
their heating during the day time. Plants also give out water vapours during transpiration while animals do
so in exhaled air and perspiration. Air also heats up during day time. The hot air alongwith water vapour
rises up. At a height, air expands and becomes cool. Cooling causes the water vapours to condense.
Suspended particles of dust and other materials function as nuclei around which water vapours condense.
When a large wet air mass collects, cloud is formed.
11. Soil erosion is the removal of top fertile layer of soil by various agencies like water or wind. The factors
that can cause soil erosion are as follows :
(i) Overgrazing exposes the topsoil to both air and water. Since the roots of herbs, grasses and other
vegetation hold the soil particles together, overgrazing certainly influences soil erosion.
(ii) Scraping : The removal of litter or scraping from forest floor leaves the ground bare and hence enhances
soil erosion.
(iii) Felling of trees also enhances erosion of soil.
(iv) Fast-moving surface run-off would also bring about soil erosion.

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Solution of Biology - Class IX Natural Resources 71
12. Carbon cycle :

CO2 in
atmosphere

Organic compounds
(plants)

Organic compounds
(animals)
Carbonates
in water
Inorganic
Coal
carbonates
(shells)
Petroleum
Limestone

Carbon-cycle in nature
13. Greenhouse effect refers to the process of allowing solar radiations to pass in but preventing long
wavelength infrared radiations to pass out due to the presence of radiatively active gases in the atmosphere.
These gases are called greenhouse gases (GHG). The most important greenhouse gas is CO2. Other
greenhouse gases include - N2O, CH4 and CFCs. These greenhouse gases are important in keeping the
Earths surface warm.
14. (i) Increased combustion of fossil fuels in industries, vehicles and power projects.
(ii) Deforestation
(iii) Industrialisation
15. Ozone layer is our friend as it absorbs the harmful ultraviolet radiations (UV-rays) coming from the Sun.
However, ozone is poisonous in nature and can act as our foe, if inhaled.
16. Pesticides are surely meant to kill the pests and thereby reduce the loss of crop production due to these
pests. However, they also end up killing the friends of farmers earthworms and certain pest-eating insects.
Earthworms are the friends of farmers as they aerate, turn and loosen the soil. Further, they make simple
organic material available to plants. In case, earthworms are killed, crop productivity will be adversely
affected.
17. (a) P Organic molecules (e.g., Glucose/C6H12O6)
Q Photosynthesis
R Respiration
(b) Oxygen cycle
18. (a) A Ammonification
B Ammonia
C Nitrates
D Nitrification
E Denitrification
(b) Breakdown of plant proteins to release ammonia will not occur.
(c) Nitrogen cycle will be disturbed in nature. There will be no replenishment of atmospheric nitrogen.

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72 Natural Resources Solution of Biology - Class IX

Long Answer Type Questions :

1. Atmosphere or air acts as a blanket around the Earth. It performs the following functions :
(i) Atmosphere contains oxygen which is essential for respiration of most organisms and combustion of
fuels.
(ii) Atmosphere provides carbon dioxide for plants to perform photosynthesis.
(iii) Atmosphere doesnt allow day time temperature to rise abnormally nor does it allow night time
temperature to fall down drastically. Thus, it provides favourable temperature for the living organisms.
(iv) Atomosphere receives and condenses water vapours to produce rain.
(v) Ozone layer of atmosphere doesnt allow the harmful UV rays to reach the Earth which may otherwise
cause skin cancer and other harmful effects in human beings.
2. Weathering : It is the process of breaking down of large rocks into fine, smaller particles, It is brought
about by three means : physical, chemical, and biological.
(i) Physical weathering : In this process, rocks are broken down by physical (climate changes such
as heating, cooling, wetting-drying, frost action etc.) and mechanical forces (abrasion by rain and hail,
wind action etc). This causes unequal expansion and contraction of rocks, As a result, they break
into small particles.
(ii) Chemical weathering : Hydrolysis, hydration, oxidation, reduction and other such chemical
processes bring about the chemical breakdown of rocks.
(iii) Biological weathering : Living organisms such as lichens, bryophytes and other plants that live
in the crevices of rock, assist in formation of soil or breakdown of rocks. While growing they release
certain substances that cause the rock surface to powder down and form a thin layer of soil. Other
small plants like mosses are able to grow on this surface now and they cause the rock to break up
further. The roots of big trees sometimes go into cracks formed in the rocks and as roots grow bigger,
the crack is forced bigger.

3. Nitrogen in
atmosphere

Denitrification
Nitrogen
fixation

Nitrates

Protoplasm
(green plants)
Nitrification Protoplasm
(animals)

Ammonification
Nitrites Ammonification

Nitrification
Nitrification Ammonia

n
Atm tio
osphe fixa
ric a nd industrial

Nitrogen-cycle in nature
4. Water pollution : Water pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological
characteristics of water.
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Solution of Biology - Class IX Natural Resources 73
The consequences of water pollution are -
(i) Contaminated water causes water borne diseases like cholera, typhoid, jaundice etc.
(ii) Industrial effluents containing harmful elements such as heavy metals (Hg, Pb etc.) released in water
may cause various diseases like minamata disease (due to mercury from chemical and paper industries);
itai-itai disease (due to cadmium); black foot disease (due to arsenic); plumbism (due to lead) and many
more.
(iii) Water turns odorous and turbid due to the anaerobic breakdown of organic matter, if it is present in
large quantity or oxygen content is low.
(iv) Nutrient-rich water bodies (due to fertilizers) stimulate the vigorous growth of algae, that is known as
algal bloom. Algal bloom results in the death of submerged plants and animals due to shade and
scarcity of oxygen.
(v) Alteration in water temperature is another aspect which affects the flora and fauna of water bodies.
5. Renewable resources Non-renewable resources
(i) These resources are replenished (i) Replenishment takes millions of
within reasonable time by nature. years.
(ii) These resources can be used (ii) These resources will reduce and
forever provided they are used ultimately would get exhausted.
judiciously.
(iii) These are both abiotic and biotic (iii) These are abiotic resources.
resources.
(iv) Their availability can be increased (iv) Their increased exploitation will
only by enhancing replenishment. result in quick exhaustion.
Examples : Forests, wildlife, Examples : Fossil fuels, minerals,
underground water, soil, etc. etc.

  

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