A Low-Volume Hybrid Step-Down Dc-Dc

Converter Based on the Dual Use of Flying

Capacitor
Introduction:
In modern battery powered portable applications, such as laptops,
tablet computers, smart phones etc., many dc-dc switch mode power
supplies (SMPS) are utilized to provide multiple voltage levels for
various functional blocks. One of the main challenges with the
implementation of the conventional SMPS is their size. In numerous
portable devices SMPS are among the largest contributors to the overall
size and weight of the entire device and large consumers of printed
circuit board (PCB) space. This is primarily due to the bulky and costly
reactive components of the SMPS output filters, where the inductors are
the largest and heaviest components of the filters.
The ever increasing demand for lower volume dc-dc converters for
battery powered portable electronics has primarily been met by
switching at higher frequencies, up to tens of MHz, allowing smaller
filter size. However, higher switching frequency comes with a penalty of
increased switching losses negatively affecting the battery life.
Existing system:
A buck converter (step-down converter) is a DC-to-DC power
converter which steps down voltage (while stepping up current) from its
input (supply) to its output (load). It is a class of switched-mode power
supply (SMPS) typically containing at least two semiconductors
(a diode and a transistor, although modern buck converters frequently
replace the diode with a second transistor used for synchronous
rectification) and at least one energy storage element,
a capacitor, inductor, or the two in combination. To reduce voltage
ripple, filters made of capacitors (sometimes in combination with
inductors) are normally added to such a converter's output (load-side
filter) and input (supply-side filter).

Proposed system:
A wide-input hybrid dc-dc converter architecture for battery-
powered applications that allows volume reduction of the reactive
components and efficiency improvement is proposed. In this
architecture, the first portion is identical to switched-capacitor voltage
divider (SW1- 4, Cin1, Cin2, and Cfly). However, the second portion is a
2- input buck converter (SW5,6, L, Cout) connected across flying
capacitor, Cfly. In this topology the flying capacitor has dual use. It
provides a mean for balancing of the capacitor divider, and at the same
time reduces voltage stress/swing of the components to a of Vin.
 Advantages:
Flying capacitor reduce the voltage stress/swing of the
components.
Reducing the size of the filer inductor by 4 times and the output
capacitor by 2 times.
Applications:
Switch mode power supplies (SMPS).
Block diagram:
Input DC Hybrid Step-
Supply Down DC-DC Output
Filter Load
Converter

12V DC Isolation Circuit

Buffer Circuit

5V DC

Micro Controller
Circuit