SK-W7418-EN-005 - Design Report Rev 01 PDF

Wellstream International Ltd
C327 Project
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners
Design Report
Document No SK-W7418-EN-005, Rev 01
Confidentiality Statement
This document contains confidential information.
All rights (including copyright, confidential information, trade secrets and design rights)
are owned by Trelleborg CRP Ltd. No use or disclosure is to be made without prior
written permission of Trelleborg CRP Ltd. Copyright 2008 Trelleborg CRP Ltd. All rights
reserved.
Trelleborg CRP Ltd

Stanley Way, Stanley, Skelmersdale, Lancashire, WN8 8EA, England
Tel: +44 (0) 1695 712000 Fax: +44 (0) 1695 712111 www.trelleborg.com
Issued By: SK-W7418-EN-005
Engineered Products Rev 01
Trelleborg CRP Ltd 25 July 2008
Page 2
Revision List
Rev Issue Prepared Checked Approved
No Date Name Sign Name Sign Name Sign
Kevin Damian
Digitally signed by Damian Hartley
Jonathan Digitally signed by Jonathan Fox Digitally signed by Kevin McKenzie DN: cn=Damian Hartley,
01 25.07.08 J. Fox K. McKenzie D. Hartley

DN: cn=Jonathan Fox, o=Trelleborg DN: cn=Kevin McKenzie, o=Trelleborg
o=Trelleborg CRP Ltd,
CRP Ltd., ou=Engineered Products, CRP, ou=Engineered Products,
ou=Engineered Products,
Fox McKenzie Hartley

email=jonathan.fox@trelleborg.com, email=kevin.mckenzie@trelleborg.
email=damian.hartley@trelleborg.
c=GB com, c=GB
com, c=GB
Date: 2008.07.25 13:58:21 +01'00' Date: 2008.07.25 14:17:17 +01'00'
Date: 2008.07.28 12:28:50 +01'00'
This document contains confidential information. All rights (including copyright, confidential information, trade secrets
and design rights) are owned by Trelleborg CRP Ltd. No use or disclosure is to be made without prior written permission
of Trelleborg CRP Ltd. Copyright 2008 Trelleborg CRP Ltd. All rights reserved.
Page 3
Table of Contents
1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 4
2 References...................................................................................................... 4
3 Design Basis ................................................................................................... 5
3.1 Riser Details............................................................................................. 5
3.2 Bending Stiffener Requirements................................................................. 5
3.3 Interfacing Structure.................................................................................. 6
3.4 Design Loading ......................................................................................... 6
4 Drawings......................................................................................................... 8
5 General Arrangement....................................................................................... 8
6 Materials ........................................................................................................ 9
6.1 Internal Steelwork ..................................................................................... 9
6.2 Elastomer Moulding .................................................................................. 9
7 Corrosion Protection...................................................................................... 10
8 Stiffener Cone Geometry ................................................................................ 11
8.1 Program Description................................................................................ 11
8.2 Program Input ......................................................................................... 13
8.3 Program Output ...................................................................................... 14
9 Overall Geometry ........................................................................................... 15
10 Internal Structure ...................................................................................... 15
11 Fatigue Design Basis ................................................................................. 16
11.1 Wave Loadings ....................................................................................... 16
11.2 Polyurethane Fatigue............................................................................... 18
11.3 Bending Stiffener Internal Steelwork......................................................... 18
12 Fatigue Analysis Conclusions ..................................................................... 21
12.1 Bending Stiffener Conclusions ................................................................. 21
13 Conclusion ................................................................................................ 21
Appendices
A ................................................................................Design Datasheet
B ............................................ Bending Stiffener Design Program Output
C ................................................................. Bending Stiffener Diagrams
D ..................................................Bending Stiffener Design Calculations
E ..................................................................................Fatigue Analysis
Page 4
1 Introduction
Wellstream International Ltd has contracted Trelleborg CRP to supply Bending Stiffeners
for use with the C327 project.
The purpose of this document is to present the design of the Bending Stiffeners.
The document will also present the fatigue analysis of the bending stiffener internal
steelwork.
2 References
Reference should be made to the following documents when reviewing this procedure:
1. Client Spec No Engineering Requisition

C327E001 Rev. 2 Bend Stiffeners
2. Trelleborg CRP Quotation Quotation, Bending Stiffeners

QN-S-22981A
3. API Specification 17J Specification for Unbonded Flexible

Second Edition, November 1999 Pipe
Effective Date: July 1, 2000
4. BS 7608 : 1993 Code of Practice for Fatigue Design and

Assessment of Steel Structures
5. WIL Document No. Specification for Electroless Nickel Coating

WS-MTL-5212 For End Fitting Components
Page 5
3 Design Basis
The design information for this work has been supplied by the client as detailed in the
Reference section (Ref. 1).
The information can be divided into four categories: -
1. Riser Details
2. Bending Stiffener Requirements
3. Interfacing Structure
4. Design Loading
3.1 Riser Details
This gives the dimensions and mechanical properties of the riser, these are taken from
Refs. 1 and 2 and are summarised in Appendix A.
3.2 Bending Stiffener Requirements
This specifies the geometrical and environmental criteria for the application.
The 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners will be located in seawater. The bending stiffener
will be required to perform during operating and shutdown conditions. The calculated
temperature values of the stiffener polyurethane material in these conditions are
explained below.
3.2.1 Temperatures
The analysis below is based on the temperature values specified in Ref. 1.
There will be two distinct heat sources applicable to the bending stiffener: -
1. Ambient temperature
2. Pipe content temperature
These temperatures will give rise to corresponding temperatures within the

polyurethane material in the bending stiffener. The temperature of the polyurethane
material governs the stiffness of the bending stiffener.
Ambient temperatures: The ambient temperature surrounding the bending

stiffener has been specified to be a maximum of 24C
and a minimum of 20C (Ref 1).
Pipe temperatures: The riser internal temperature has been specified to be a

maximum of 42C (Ref 1) and has been assumed to be a
minimum of 20C.
Page 6
Using a simple linear thermal analysis and previous experience, based on the riser
temperature and ambient temperatures applicable, TCRP estimate the bulk temperature
of the bending stiffener polyurethane material for each case to be as follows: -
The bending stiffener will be analysed under two separate conditions. The two analysis
cases are: -
1. Operational. For the operational loadcases it is assumed that the polyurethane

material within the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners is at an average
temperature of 40C. The internal fluid temperature of 42C will reduce to a
value of approximately 37C by the time it enters into the bending stiffener
polyurethane after crossing the flexible riser carcass and seawater void. The
maximum value of the ambient temperature is 24C. This will give an average
value of 30.5C. This temperature is rounded up to 40C for the polyurethane
material so as to be conservative.
2. Shut down. During the shutdown loadcases it is assumed that the polyurethane
material within the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners is at an average
temperature of 15C. The minimum internal fluid temperature has been
assumed to be the same as the minimum ambient temperature (i.e. 20C). The
minimum ambient temperature will govern the temperature of the polyurethane
material. This temperature has been rounded down to 15C for conservatism.
These temperatures will be used to obtain the polyurethane material properties during
operating and shutdown conditions.
3.3 Interfacing Structure
It is assumed that the bending stiffener shall be bolted to the client's steelwork.
3.4 Design Loading
The design loadings are the worst case theoretical loadings that the bend stiffener will
be designed to withstand. Tension/angle plots have been supplied by the client for the
bending stiffener (Ref. 1). The values obtained from this are included in Table 3-1.
These loadcases are summarised in Appendix A. All the loadcases are to be analysed
as 'Normal' design loadcases (i.e. maximum steelwork design stress to be less than
0.67 x yield in accordance with API 17J - Ref. 3). The analyses are further explained in
Section 8.3.
Page 7
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners

Loadcase Condition Tension (kN) Angle ()
1 Recurrent 1800 11.5
2 Recurrent 1400 17
3 Extreme 1000 17.5
Table 3-1
Page 8
4 Drawings
The following drawings have been prepared illustrating the bending stiffener and
associated steelwork:
TITLE DRAWING NUMBER
Stiffener Moulding C429801
Internal Steelwork C429802
Internal Sleeve C429803
Internal Ring C429804
Table 4-1
5 General Arrangement
The bending stiffener consists of two main components:
1. internal steelwork
2. elastomer moulding
The internal steelwork forms the interface between the client's steelwork and the
bending stiffener body. It is attached to the client's steelwork on one side, and is
moulded into the stiffener elastomer body on the other.
The stiffener body is an elastomeric moulding. It comprises a cone mounted on a

tapered base section.
Page 9
6 Materials
The assemblies that comprise the bending stiffener are given below along with the
materials used in their construction.
6.1 Internal Steelwork
The grades of materials used in the fabrication of the internal steelwork are: -
Plate : Carbon Steel. BS EN 10025. Grade S355J2+N

or equivalent.
Tube : Carbon Steel. BS EN 10025. Grade S355J2+N

or equivalent.
Internal Ring : Alloy 625 to UNS N06625
Nuts : Alloy 625 to UNS N06625
6.2 Elastomer Moulding
The 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners body will be moulded from a high performance
polyurethane elastomer displaying the following typical properties at 23C:
Hardness : 60 Shore D
Stress at 100% strain : 20 N/mm (Nominal)
Ultimate Tensile Stress : 35 N/mm (Nominal)
Elongation at Break : 300% (Nominal)
Density : 1200 kg/m (Nominal)
The stress / strain curves for the polyurethane material are presented in Appendix B.
Page 10
7 Corrosion Protection
All metallic items are to be electroless nickel plate (ENP) coated (Ref 5). The internal
steelwork of the bending stiffener will also be coated by a Fusion Bonded Epoxy (FBE)
system and then surrounded by elastomer. The ENP, FBE and elastomer protect the
steelwork against exposure to seawater hence preventing corrosion.
It is assumed that the steelwork will be protected by the cathodic protection system
provided by the interfacing structure.
The elastomer is inert in seawater and no corrosion protection is required.
Page 11
8 Stiffener Cone Geometry

The geometry of the bending stiffener cone is determined with the aid of a 2-D finite
element analysis program.
The program enables the user to derive an optimum stiffener profile that protects the
flexible pipe or riser (defined as cable in the program) from infringing its allowable bend
radius under a range of design loads.
8.1 Program Description
The design program generates a 2-D finite element model of the elastomer section of
the bend stiffener and the cable supported by the stiffener.
The design of a bend stiffener comprises three stages as follows: -
1. Data Input
2. Design Procedure
3. Output of Results
These three stages are further described below.
8.1.1 Data Input
The input data may be divided into five categories as follows: -
1. Titles: various titles to be included in the design output for

identification or QA purposes.
2. Cable the cable properties are specified in terms of flexural stiffness,

allowable bend radius, and required stiffener bore.
3. Geometry: the bend stiffener external geometry may be defined explicitly or

by use of a mathematical function.
4. Loading: multiple load cases may be defined by specifying the tension

and angle to the undeflected cable centreline, typically obtained
from global riser analysis.
5. Materials: the bend stiffener material properties, which can be linear or

non-linear.
8.1.2 Design Process
The design procedure is carried out in the following steps: -
1. preliminary assessment
2. finite element mesh generation

Page 12
3. non-linear finite element static analysis
The program allows the user to optimise the number of analysis points and reporting
points along the length of the stiffener and the cable beyond the stiffener tip.
A preliminary assessment of the length and root stiffness is made based on the simple
assumption of uniform curvature at maximum load and angle.
The bend stiffener is modelled as an elastic beam whose bend stiffness varies along its
length. The program uses the term 'Arc Length' to define positions along the length. Arc
length is defined as zero at the bending stiffener root (i.e. the fixed end) and increases
towards the tip. As a general rule, the bending stiffener will reduce in diameter from
root to tip.
At any point along the length, the bending stiffener is assumed to have a circular hole in
the centre containing the cable. The diameter of the central hole is assumed constant
and equal to the bending stiffener ID defined on the cable data form.
For calculation purposes the bending stiffener and cable are discretised into a number
of short segments and a non-linear calculation is performed.
Based on the analysis parameters specified, the program performs an automated

parametric study of a range of lengths and stiffnesses, using a stiffness distribution
defined as an analytical function or resulting from specified geometry. In doing this the
program checks for bend radius infringement at every point along the bending stiffener,
and also in the cable in the region just beyond the bending stiffener tip. The program
can take temperature sensitive materials into account ensuring the resulting bending
stiffener is fit for purpose at both extremes of operating temperature. A performance
chart showing the boundary of acceptable performance in terms of tension and angle
can also be analysed at this stage.
8.1.3 Results Output
In addition to a performance chart the program also displays a number of other charts
and graphs including deflection, strain and curvature along the bending stiffener length.
It also reports detailed numerical results such as the root bending moment (moment at
the base of the bending stiffener cone) applied by the bending stiffener to the attached
equipment.
8.1.4 Non-Linearity
The analysis method used by the program is non-linear. There are two principal sources
of non-linearity in the bending stiffener design: -
1. Geometric non-linearity resulting from the large deflections to which the bending
stiffener is subjected.
2. Non-linearity of the stress / strain curve for the material of which the bending
stiffener is constructed.
Page 13
8.1.5 Multiple Load Cases and Varying Material Properties
In order for the design to become practical the bending stiffener should be effective
over a range of design load cases and conditions. The program enables this to be done
as follows:-
Any number of load cases can be defined and the program will then develop a
bending stiffener design that meets them all in a single pass.
Cable and material properties can be defined for two different states. These two
states are used to specify the maximum and minimum bend stiffness for the
cable, and the non-linear stress strain curves for the bending stiffener material.
8.2 Program Input
Input to the program is taken from two sources:
1. Design information (Reference: Section 3)
2. Polyurethane material properties (Reference: Section 6)
Page 14
8.3 Program Output
The loadcases specified in Section 3.4 were run using the design program.
Having analysed the two material states the optimum final dimensions were as follows:
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners Cone Length: 3206mm
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners Cone Base Diameter: 779mm
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners Tip Length: 200mm
It should be noted that the cone length presented above does not include the length of
the base portion of the stiffener, but does include the length of the tip. The section
described above is actually a frustum of a cone but is referred to as a cone for
simplicity.
Examination of the design program output in Appendix B, reveals that the design criteria
of the dynamic bend radius (bend radius = 1 / curvature) has been met. The overall
performance of the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners, as designed, is acceptable.
The analyses contained in Appendix B for the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners are as
follows:
1. Summary of the design input data.
2. Bending stiffener curvature plots from all loadcases.
3. Bending stiffener strain plots from all loadcases.
4. Bending stiffener deflection plots for all loadcases.
5. Stress / Strain curves for the bending stiffener material.
Steelwork design is based on Loadcase 2, which yielded the greatest base bending
moment at 15C.
Page 15
9 Overall Geometry
Diagrams supporting the development of the bending stiffener overall geometry are
presented in Appendix C for the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners.
These include: -
1. External dimensions of the bending stiffeners.
2. Internal structure dimensions.
10 Internal Structure
Calculations describing the development of the bending stiffener internal structure are
presented in Appendix D for the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners.
These include: -
1. The internal sleeve design.
2. The internal ring design.
Page 16
11 Fatigue Design Basis

The design information for this work has been supplied by the client. The analysis is
conducted in accordance with Refs. 1, 3, and 4.
11.1 Wave Loadings
The client has specified the fatigue loadcases in Ref. 1. Ref. 1 contains tension / angle
data along with the appropriate number of cycles for one fatigue analysis (90 Azimuth
angle) with two fatigue scenarios (CASE 1 & CASE 2).
CASE 1- Maximum and Minimum End Force Angles with associated End Forces
CASE 2- Maximum and Minimum End Forces with associated End Force Angles
Each fatigue scenario considers 38 fatigue loadcases.
All cases have been analysed, and the results of each are shown in Table 11-1 below.
From this, case 1 is the most onerous and the analysis from this will be presented in
Appendix E.
Platform Angle Case Fatigue Life (years)

Vitoria 90 1 329
Vitoria 90 2 2,183
Table 11-1
Ref. 1 details the total number of cycles over the design life for each fatigue wave class
and each fatigue scenario. A copy of the format in which the fatigue data was received
can be found in Table 11-2 for the most onerous loadcase.
The total number of occurrences over the 250 year fatigue life is 109,853,196 cycles
which is equivalent to 4,394,128 cycles per year.
The results from the fatigue loadcases have been analysed to provide local bending
moments at the base of the flexible cone and at the base flange of the bending
stiffener. These bending moments have been assumed to have been transmitted
through the bending stiffener internal steelwork causing the fatigue loadings.
Page 17
End force angle (deg) Associated end force (kN) bending

End force angle range 1 year Wave
case # direction
(deg) Cicles
(deg)
primary secondary primary secondary
N_2 0.310 -0.358 -0.668 1012.376 985.138 102.356 362763

NE_2 0.288 0.343 0.055 996.201 1005.911 307.487 1171616
E_2 0.185 -0.147 -0.332 962.917 1025.866 349.408 687066
SE_2 0.282 0.112 -0.170 885.234 1089.600 339.166 518339
S_2 0.126 -0.677 -0.803 979.756 1000.289 442.691 915882
SW_2 0.062 -0.572 -0.633 980.804 992.384 124.192 361299
N_4 0.967 0.000 -0.967 976.902 1023.896 385.711 17163
NE_4 0.186 -0.418 -0.604 978.184 1010.986 348.220 66895
E_4 1.096 0.926 -0.170 1066.734 924.396 163.704 50135
SE_4 2.199 1.749 -0.451 723.130 1256.283 297.139 48292
S_4 0.631 0.552 -0.080 1044.455 950.955 175.512 102825
SW_4 1.068 -0.262 -1.330 986.636 999.325 118.097 79036
N_5 1.446 0.332 -1.113 1040.234 924.904 436.539 206
NE_5 0.529 0.513 -0.016 1065.164 941.004 155.403 634
E_5 3.245 1.591 -1.655 1103.529 878.793 141.933 505
SE_5 6.529 1.700 -4.829 831.418 1173.563 390.727 1127
S_5 1.131 1.449 0.318 1057.424 919.121 251.720 2835
SW_5 0.508 0.738 0.230 928.512 1033.461 230.585 4616
N_6 1.737 0.510 -1.227 1052.991 911.589 436.547 23
NE_6 0.619 0.649 0.030 1081.479 929.466 156.646 66
E_6 4.166 2.076 -2.091 1123.010 859.494 141.173 45
SE_6 7.982 2.136 -5.847 870.679 1211.241 391.434 172
S_6 1.965 1.932 -0.033 1056.683 917.074 269.505 631
SW_6 0.611 0.844 0.233 915.961 1041.484 234.166 1396
NE_7 1.233 0.250 -0.983 880.501 1107.792 336.475 5
E_7 12.419 7.894 -4.527 1285.178 662.703 235.804 3
SE_7 17.737 11.670 -6.068 1301.650 1041.025 216.238 18
S_7 3.849 2.504 -1.347 1077.221 913.372 188.855 105
SW_7 1.850 1.944 0.094 1021.319 919.024 317.631 294
NE_8 1.200 0.039 -1.162 869.424 1131.565 337.221 3
SE_8 15.489 4.933 -10.558 1039.212 1384.846 395.431 3
S_8 3.356 1.228 -2.129 1035.382 958.944 140.514 19
SW_8 1.646 2.017 0.372 997.253 916.327 313.156 77
S_9 5.004 3.323 -1.683 1090.779 896.924 196.302 5
SW_9 2.398 2.400 0.002 1029.622 900.667 316.725 13
SE_10 20.671 6.522 -14.154 1141.358 1014.335 396.593 3
SW_10 2.143 2.479 0.337 996.781 903.754 311.913 8
SW_12 3.257 3.107 -0.150 1037.315 875.471 315.089 5
Table 11-2
Page 18
11.2 Polyurethane Fatigue
The fatigue of the polyurethane has been addressed in Trelleborg CRP's bending
stiffener material qualification programme. Extensive cyclic testing (fatigue testing) has
been performed on the polyurethane material at numerous strain amplitudes. From this
an endurance limit for the PU material has been determined (10%) and justified in the
design methodology documentation. This has been validated and approved by Lloyds.
This qualification data is proprietary but can be reviewed on-site at Trelleborg CRP if
required. The design of the bending stiffener is such that the design material strain is
always maintained below the 10% endurance limit strain criteria even when considering
the most onerous design loadcases.
11.3 Bending Stiffener Internal Steelwork
A fatigue analysis has been carried out on the bending stiffener internal steelwork. The
design of the internal steelwork has been presented in this document. The
flange/sleeve weld will be the most likely area to suffer fatigue damage, hence analysis
of this area. The flange bolting that secures the bending stiffener is also analysed. For
completeness the internal ring and tie-rods which attach the internal ring to the flange
have also been analysed.
It should be noted that the analysis is conservative since it considers all the cycles to
act in one plane rather than in a number of different planes. Considering the cycles to
act in a number of different planes would increase the calculated fatigue life
considerably.
This work has been carried out using the analysis methodology presented in Ref. 4.
The methods used to analyse the internal steelwork are described below.
11.3.1 Flange/Sleeve Weld Fatigue Analysis
The bending moment and shear force ranges from the bending stiffener design program
output are analysed and the 'Total Bending Moment Range' and 'Shear Force Range' (at
the bending stiffener base flange) are calculated. In-house testing on a bending
stiffener fitted with strain gauges at several locations on the internal steelwork, along
with Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has shown that the bending moment is shared
between the tube and the internal ring. The load share is approximately 70% in the tube
and 30% in the internal ring.
For analysis of the flange/sleeve weld 70% of the bending moment range is input into
the spreadsheets contained in Appendix E for the bending stiffener internal steelwork.
The adjusted bending moment value is used to examine a number of different angles
around the flange/sleeve to ensure that the flange/sleeve weld is examined in full.
Where the loadcase data contains negative values then the calculation method takes
this into account and applies any fatigue damage at the relevant position.
The stress ranges at the angles specified around the flange/sleeve weld are calculated
and are then corrected for material thickness.
Page 19
The S-N curve from Ref. 4 is then used to calculate the allowable number of cycles at
the calculated stress range.
The usage factor is then derived from the actual number of cycles compared to the
allowable number of cycles, and multiplied to give the usage factor for the design life
(25 years). The usage factors for different wave classes are summed using Miner's
Rule. The total usage factor is derived by summing the usage factors for each condition.
The total usage factor is then divided into the design life to give the fatigue life of the
component. The minimum value from all the angular positions is then quoted as the
fatigue life for the component.
In addition to this the flange/sleeve weld is examined using a similar methodology but
considering the sleeve in bending.
The sleeve weld (weld between sleeve and weld neck flange) is also examined using a
similar methodology considering the sleeve in bending.
Further description and information is contained in Appendix E for the bending stiffener
internal steelwork.
11.3.2 Bolting Fatigue Analysis
The bolting is analysed using similar methodology to the flange/sleeve weld as

described in Section 11.3.1.
However, it should be noted that the bolting cannot be cycled to see both tensile and
compressive loads. This is because of the physical bolting arrangement and the pre-
tensioning of the bolting that takes place during installation. The full stress range is
considered in the analysis for conservatism and ease of analysis.
internal steelwork.
11.3.3 Tie Rod Thread Fatigue Analysis
The Tie Rod Thread is the section of the rod which enables the rod to be bolted to the
flange.
The 'Bending Moment Range' and 'Shear Force Range' at the base flange of the
stiffener is calculated using the loadcases in Ref. 1. 30% of the total range for each
wave class is then input into the spreadsheets contained in Appendix E for the bending
stiffener internal steelwork.
The Tie Rod Thread is a standard metric thread and is analysed using the same
methodology that is used for the bolting but considers the appropriate loading.
internal steelwork.
Page 20
11.3.4 Tie Rod Parallel Section Fatigue Analysis
The Tie Rod Parallel Section is the parallel section of the rod on the inboard side of the
flange when the steelwork is moulded into the bending stiffener. It is subjected to the
same percentage of the load as the tie-rod thread.
Due to the change in geometry from the threaded section to the parallel section there
will be a stress concentration at the end of the parallel section. Roark's Table 37 (17a
and 17b) provides calculations to determine the Stress Concentration Factor (SCF) for
this geometry. It considers elastic stress in axial tension and elastic stress in bending.
The spreadsheet calculates the SCF and then is applied in the calculations to factor up
the stress range.
The methodology used for the fatigue analysis on this section is identical to that used
for the flange/sleeve weld.
internal steelwork.
11.3.5 Internal Ring Fatigue Analysis
The Internal Ring is the component that transfers the load to the tie-rods which in turn
transfers the load back to the flange.
The Internal Ring is analysed as a uniformly loaded beam with fixed ends. The result of
this is very similar to the assessment of the ring as a curved beam with fixed ends
loaded normal to the plane of curvature (Roark's Table 19 case 4e). For this reason
the more simplistic equation was used to analyse the ring for the fatigue analysis.
Again the methodology used for the fatigue analysis of the internal ring is identical to
that used for the flange/sleeve weld.
internal steelwork.
Page 21
12 Fatigue Analysis Conclusions

The fatigue analysis examines various areas of the bending stiffener internal steelwork.
The analysis is conducted in accordance with Ref. 4.
Full spreadsheet results are presented in Appendix E.
12.1 Bending Stiffener Conclusions
Based on the calculations in Appendix E, the fatigue life of the various 6" Oil/Gas Riser
Bend Stiffeners components are as follows:-
FATIGUE ANALYSIS
Bolting - 6,545 years

Flange/Sleeve Weld Flange in Bending - 701 years
Flange/Sleeve Weld Sleeve in Bending - 329 years
Tie Rod Thread - 520,833 years
Tie Rod Parallel - 490,196 years
Ring - 462,963 years
Therefore, the fatigue life of the Bend Stiffener steelwork is 329 years. A fatigue life of
>10 times the design life, i.e. 250 years has been met for the 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend
Stiffeners.
13 Conclusion
Examination of the details presented in the text and the Appendices show that the
6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners is fit for purpose and satisfies all the design
requirements.
APPENDIX A
Design Data Sheets
BENDING STIFFENER DESIGN DATA
CLIENT: Wellstream International Ltd SHEET 1 OF 2

PROJECT: C327 DATE 04-Jun-08
SUBJECT: 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners REVISION 1
SUBSEA LINE DETAILS

LINE TYPE Riser
EXTERNAL DIAMETER 318.60mm
DIAMETER TOLERANCE + / - 9.56 mm
NORMAL MBR 4.18m
STORAGE MBR 2.07m
INTERNAL FLUID TEMPERATURE Maximum 42C, Minimum 20C
EXTERNAL LINE TEMPERATURE (Assumed) 42C
BENDING STIFFNESS 120.283kN.m
AXIAL STIFFNESS 619.327MN
INTERFACING STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE TYPE Client's End Flange
GEOMETRY DETAILS Not Specified
STRUCTURE MATERIAL Not Specified
COATING SYSTEM Not Specified
CP SYSTEM Not Specified
STIFFENER REQUIREMENTS
LENGTH RESTRICTION Not Specified
DIAMETER RESTRICTION Not Specified
STIFFENER LOCATION Sub-sea
AMBIENT TEMPERATURE Seawater, MAX. 24C, MIN. 20C,
DESIGN LIFE 25 YEARS
STATIC OFFSET (Assumed) 0
BENDING STIFFENER DESIGN DATA
CLIENT: Wellstream International Ltd SHEET 2 OF 2

PROJECT: C327 DATE 04-Jun-08
SUBJECT: 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners REVISION 1
DESIGN LOADINGS
CASE No. DESCRIPTION TENSION (kN) ANGLE ()
1 Recurrent 1 1800 11.50

2 Recurrent 2 1400 17.00
3 Extreme 1 1000 17.50
OTHER REQUIREMENTS/INFORMATION
APPENDIX B
Bending Stiffener Design Program Output
REV No. 1
CLIENT: Wellstream International Ltd PROJECT No: W7418
PROJECT: C347 PREPARED BY: Jonathan Fox
SUBJECT: 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners DATE: 07/07/2008
CABLE DATA
Cable Bend Stiffness (kN.m):
State 1 State 2
120.28 120.28
Allowable Bend Radius (m):
4.180
Bending Stiffener ID (m):
0.335
BENDING STIFFENER DATA
Number of Points: 3
No. Arc Length Diameter Material

(m) (m) (m)
1 0 0.779 60D @ 15C & 40C
2 3.006 0.375 60D @ 15C & 40C
3 3.206 0.375 60D @ 15C & 40C
LOAD CASE DATA
Default MBR (m):
4.180
Number of Loadcases: 3
No. Tension Angle MBR State Included Condition

(kN) (Deg) (m) State 1 State 2
1 1800 11.5 4.18 YES YES NORMAL
2 1400 17 4.18 YES YES NORMAL
3 1000 17.5 4.18 YES YES NORMAL
ANALYSIS DATA
Cable Length Past Tip to Analyse (m): 1.000
Calculation Interval (m):
Stiffener Cable
0.010 0.010
Output Interval (m):
Stiffener Cable
0.100 0.100
Calculation: Non-Linear
OrcaBend 4.3c
Column A: Strain
Column B: Stress (kN/m^2) STRESS / STRAIN CURVE
Strain
60D
Stress (kN/m^2)
15.00C
60D MATERIAL @ 15C
-0.20 -14322.4
-0.18 -13989.3
16000.0
-0.16 -13551.9
-0.14 -12974.9
-0.12 -12249.8
-0.10 14000.0
-11375.8
-0.09 -10862.6
-0.08 -10312.1
-0.07 12000.0
-9685.1
-0.06 -8942.5
-0.05 -8088.8
-0.04 -7051.4
10000.0
STRESS kN/m
-0.03 -5797.1
-0.02 -4231.2
-0.01 -2320.3
8000.0
0.00 0.0
0.01 2320.3
0.02 4231.2
6000.0
0.03 5797.1
0.04 7051.4
0.05 8088.8
0.06 4000.0
8942.5
0.07 9685.1
0.08 10312.1
0.09 2000.0
10862.6
0.10 11375.8
0.12 12249.8
0.14 0.0
12974.9
0.16 13551.90.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
0.18 13989.3 STRAIN
0.20 14322.4
OrcaBend 4.3c
Column A: Strain
Column B: Stress (kN/m^2) STRESS / STRAIN CURVE
Strain
60D
Stress (kN/m^2)
40.00C
60D MATERIAL @ 40C
-0.20 -10698.0
-0.18 -10457.2
12000.0
-0.16 -10113.2
-0.14 -9674.4
-0.12 -9126.0
-0.10 -8463.4
-0.09 10000.0
-7997.0
-0.08 -7609.0
-0.07 -7127.2
-0.06 -6480.4
-0.05 8000.0
-5846.4
-0.04 -5035.8
STRESS kN/m
-0.03 -4119.0
-0.02 -2902.9
-0.01 -1591.0
6000.0
0.00 0.0
0.01 1591.0
0.02 2902.9
0.03 4119.0
4000.0
0.04 5035.8
0.05 5846.4
0.06 6480.4
0.07 7127.2
0.08 2000.0
7609.0
0.09 7997.0
0.10 8463.4
0.12 9126.0
0.14 0.0
9674.4
0.16 10113.20.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
0.18 10457.2 STRAIN
0.20 10698.0
REV No. 1
Load Case 1 (T=1800, A=11.5) State 1 & 2
CURVATURE GRAPH STATE 1

STATE 2
CURVATURE LIMIT
0.30
0.25
0.20
Curvature (m^-1)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1
TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE STRAIN CURVES
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Max. Strain
STATE 1 TENSILE
STATE 1 COMP.
0.00
STATE 2 TENSILE
0 1 2 3 4
-0.02 STATE 2 COMP.
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
Arc Length (m)
BENDING STIFFENER DEFLECTION
0.80
0.70
0.60
STATE 1
Deflection (m)
0.50
STATE 2
0.40
END OF BENDING
0.30 STIFFENER
0.20
0.10
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1

Load Case 1 (T=1800, A=11.5) State 1 Load Case 1 (T=1800, A=11.5) State 2
Arc Shear Arc Shear

Length Force Moment Length Force Moment
(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
0 -3.59E+02 4.12E+02 0 -3.59E+02 3.54E+02
0.1 -3.38E+02 3.77E+02 0.1 -3.32E+02 3.19E+02
0.2 -3.17E+02 3.44E+02 0.2 -3.07E+02 2.87E+02
0.3 -2.98E+02 3.13E+02 0.3 -2.83E+02 2.57E+02
0.4 -2.78E+02 2.84E+02 0.4 -2.61E+02 2.30E+02
0.5 -2.60E+02 2.57E+02 0.5 -2.39E+02 2.05E+02
0.6 -2.42E+02 2.32E+02 0.6 -2.19E+02 1.82E+02
0.7 -2.25E+02 2.09E+02 0.7 -2.00E+02 1.61E+02
0.8 -2.08E+02 1.87E+02 0.8 -1.82E+02 1.42E+02
0.9 -1.92E+02 1.67E+02 0.9 -1.65E+02 1.24E+02
1 -1.77E+02 1.48E+02 1 -1.49E+02 1.08E+02
1.1 -1.63E+02 1.31E+02 1.1 -1.34E+02 9.42E+01
1.2 -1.49E+02 1.16E+02 1.2 -1.20E+02 8.15E+01
1.3 -1.35E+02 1.01E+02 1.3 -1.07E+02 7.01E+01
1.4 -1.23E+02 8.84E+01 1.4 -9.52E+01 5.99E+01
1.5 -1.11E+02 7.66E+01 1.5 -8.41E+01 5.09E+01
1.6 -9.98E+01 6.60E+01 1.6 -7.39E+01 4.29E+01
1.7 -8.93E+01 5.65E+01 1.7 -6.46E+01 3.60E+01
1.8 -7.94E+01 4.80E+01 1.8 -5.60E+01 2.99E+01
1.9 -7.02E+01 4.05E+01 1.9 -4.83E+01 2.47E+01
2 -6.17E+01 3.39E+01 2 -4.13E+01 2.01E+01
2.1 -5.37E+01 2.81E+01 2.1 -3.51E+01 1.63E+01
2.2 -4.65E+01 2.30E+01 2.2 -2.95E+01 1.30E+01
2.3 -3.98E+01 1.87E+01 2.3 -2.45E+01 1.03E+01
2.4 -3.38E+01 1.50E+01 2.4 -2.02E+01 8.08E+00
2.5 -2.83E+01 1.19E+01 2.5 -1.64E+01 6.24E+00
2.6 -2.35E+01 9.24E+00 2.6 -1.31E+01 4.75E+00
2.7 -1.91E+01 7.10E+00 2.7 -1.04E+01 3.56E+00
2.8 -1.54E+01 5.36E+00 2.8 -8.08E+00 2.63E+00
2.9 -1.21E+01 3.97E+00 2.9 -6.16E+00 1.91E+00
3 -9.30E+00 2.89E+00 3 -4.60E+00 1.37E+00
3.1 -7.08E+00 2.07E+00 3.1 -3.40E+00 9.66E-01
3.2 -5.50E+00 1.44E+00 3.2 -2.56E+00 6.67E-01
3.206 -5.42E+00 1.40E+00 3.206 -2.52E+00 6.51E-01
3.206 -5.42E+00 1.40E+00 3.206 -2.52E+00 6.51E-01
3.306 -3.66E+00 9.45E-01 3.306 -1.70E+00 4.39E-01
3.406 -2.46E+00 6.37E-01 3.406 -1.14E+00 2.96E-01
3.506 -1.66E+00 4.29E-01 3.506 -7.71E-01 1.99E-01
3.606 -1.12E+00 2.89E-01 3.606 -5.20E-01 1.34E-01
3.706 -7.54E-01 1.95E-01 3.706 -3.50E-01 9.06E-02
3.806 -5.08E-01 1.31E-01 3.806 -2.36E-01 6.11E-02
REV No. 1

Arc Shear Arc Shear

(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
3.906 -3.43E-01 8.86E-02 3.906 -1.59E-01 4.11E-02
4.006 -2.31E-01 5.97E-02 4.006 -1.07E-01 2.77E-02
4.106 -1.56E-01 4.02E-02 4.106 -7.23E-02 1.87E-02
4.206 -1.05E-01 2.71E-02 4.206 -4.87E-02 1.26E-02
4.206 -1.05E-01 2.71E-02 4.206 -4.87E-02 1.26E-02
REV No. 1
Load Case 2 (T=1400, A=17) State 1 & 2

STATE 2
CURVATURE LIMIT
0.30
0.25
0.20
Curvature (m^-1)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Max. Strain
STATE 1 TENSILE
STATE 1 COMP.
0.00
STATE 2 TENSILE
0 1 2 3 4
-0.02 STATE 2 COMP.
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
Arc Length (m)
0.80
0.70
0.60
STATE 1
Deflection (m)
0.50
STATE 2
0.40
END OF BENDING
0.30
STIFFENER
0.20
0.10
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1

Load Case 2 (T=1400, A=17) State 1 Load Case 2 (T=1400, A=17) State 2
Arc Shear Arc Shear

(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
0 -4.09E+02 5.07E+02 0 -4.09E+02 4.37E+02
0.1 -3.88E+02 4.67E+02 0.1 -3.82E+02 3.97E+02
0.2 -3.67E+02 4.30E+02 0.2 -3.55E+02 3.60E+02
0.3 -3.46E+02 3.94E+02 0.3 -3.30E+02 3.26E+02
0.4 -3.26E+02 3.60E+02 0.4 -3.06E+02 2.94E+02
0.5 -3.06E+02 3.28E+02 0.5 -2.83E+02 2.64E+02
0.6 -2.87E+02 2.99E+02 0.6 -2.61E+02 2.37E+02
0.7 -2.69E+02 2.71E+02 0.7 -2.41E+02 2.12E+02
0.8 -2.51E+02 2.45E+02 0.8 -2.21E+02 1.88E+02
0.9 -2.34E+02 2.20E+02 0.9 -2.03E+02 1.67E+02
1 -2.17E+02 1.98E+02 1 -1.85E+02 1.48E+02
1.1 -2.01E+02 1.77E+02 1.1 -1.68E+02 1.30E+02
1.2 -1.86E+02 1.57E+02 1.2 -1.53E+02 1.14E+02
1.3 -1.71E+02 1.40E+02 1.3 -1.38E+02 9.92E+01
1.4 -1.57E+02 1.23E+02 1.4 -1.24E+02 8.60E+01
1.5 -1.43E+02 1.08E+02 1.5 -1.11E+02 7.42E+01
1.6 -1.30E+02 9.44E+01 1.6 -9.92E+01 6.36E+01
1.7 -1.18E+02 8.19E+01 1.7 -8.80E+01 5.42E+01
1.8 -1.06E+02 7.07E+01 1.8 -7.76E+01 4.59E+01
1.9 -9.52E+01 6.05E+01 1.9 -6.80E+01 3.86E+01
2 -8.48E+01 5.15E+01 2 -5.93E+01 3.21E+01
2.1 -7.52E+01 4.35E+01 2.1 -5.13E+01 2.66E+01
2.2 -6.61E+01 3.63E+01 2.2 -4.41E+01 2.18E+01
2.3 -5.78E+01 3.01E+01 2.3 -3.75E+01 1.77E+01
2.4 -5.00E+01 2.47E+01 2.4 -3.17E+01 1.42E+01
2.5 -4.29E+01 2.00E+01 2.5 -2.64E+01 1.13E+01
2.6 -3.64E+01 1.60E+01 2.6 -2.18E+01 8.84E+00
2.7 -3.05E+01 1.27E+01 2.7 -1.78E+01 6.84E+00
2.8 -2.52E+01 9.84E+00 2.8 -1.43E+01 5.22E+00
2.9 -2.05E+01 7.54E+00 2.9 -1.13E+01 3.93E+00
3 -1.63E+01 5.68E+00 3 -8.74E+00 2.92E+00
3.1 -1.29E+01 4.21E+00 3.1 -6.72E+00 2.15E+00
3.2 -1.03E+01 3.05E+00 3.2 -5.24E+00 1.55E+00
3.206 -1.02E+01 2.99E+00 3.206 -5.16E+00 1.51E+00
3.206 -1.02E+01 2.99E+00 3.206 -5.16E+00 1.51E+00
3.306 -7.20E+00 2.11E+00 3.306 -3.65E+00 1.07E+00
3.406 -5.09E+00 1.49E+00 3.406 -2.58E+00 7.56E-01
3.506 -3.60E+00 1.05E+00 3.506 -1.82E+00 5.34E-01
3.606 -2.54E+00 7.45E-01 3.606 -1.29E+00 3.78E-01
3.706 -1.80E+00 5.26E-01 3.706 -9.10E-01 2.67E-01
3.806 -1.27E+00 3.72E-01 3.806 -6.43E-01 1.89E-01
REV No. 1

Load Case 2 (T=1400, A=17) State 1 Load Case 2 (T=1400, A=17) State 2
Arc Shear Arc Shear

(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
3.906 -8.97E-01 2.63E-01 3.906 -4.55E-01 1.33E-01
4.006 -6.34E-01 1.86E-01 4.006 -3.21E-01 9.42E-02
4.106 -4.48E-01 1.31E-01 4.106 -2.27E-01 6.66E-02
4.206 -3.17E-01 9.28E-02 4.206 -1.60E-01 4.70E-02
4.206 -3.17E-01 9.28E-02 4.206 -1.60E-01 4.70E-02
REV No. 1

STATE 2
CURVATURE LIMIT
0.30
0.25
0.20
Curvature (m^-1)
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Max. Strain
STATE 1 TENSILE
STATE 1 COMP.
0.00
STATE 2 TENSILE
0 1 2 3 4
-0.02 STATE 2 COMP.
-0.04
-0.06
-0.08
-0.10
Arc Length (m)
0.80
0.70
0.60
STATE 1
Deflection (m)
0.50
STATE 2
0.40
END OF BENDING
0.30
STIFFENER
0.20
0.10
0.00
0 1 2 3 4
Arc Length (m)
REV No. 1

Arc Shear Arc Shear

(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
0 -3.01E+02 4.32E+02 0 -3.01E+02 3.74E+02
0.1 -2.88E+02 4.02E+02 0.1 -2.85E+02 3.45E+02
0.2 -2.76E+02 3.74E+02 0.2 -2.69E+02 3.17E+02
0.3 -2.64E+02 3.47E+02 0.3 -2.54E+02 2.91E+02
0.4 -2.52E+02 3.21E+02 0.4 -2.40E+02 2.66E+02
0.5 -2.40E+02 2.96E+02 0.5 -2.25E+02 2.43E+02
0.6 -2.28E+02 2.73E+02 0.6 -2.11E+02 2.21E+02
0.7 -2.17E+02 2.50E+02 0.7 -1.98E+02 2.00E+02
0.8 -2.05E+02 2.29E+02 0.8 -1.85E+02 1.81E+02
0.9 -1.94E+02 2.09E+02 0.9 -1.72E+02 1.63E+02
1 -1.82E+02 1.90E+02 1 -1.60E+02 1.47E+02
1.1 -1.72E+02 1.73E+02 1.1 -1.48E+02 1.31E+02
1.2 -1.61E+02 1.56E+02 1.2 -1.37E+02 1.17E+02
1.3 -1.50E+02 1.40E+02 1.3 -1.26E+02 1.04E+02
1.4 -1.40E+02 1.26E+02 1.4 -1.15E+02 9.17E+01
1.5 -1.30E+02 1.12E+02 1.5 -1.05E+02 8.06E+01
1.6 -1.20E+02 9.98E+01 1.6 -9.58E+01 7.05E+01
1.7 -1.11E+02 8.81E+01 1.7 -8.67E+01 6.13E+01
1.8 -1.02E+02 7.75E+01 1.8 -7.81E+01 5.31E+01
1.9 -9.30E+01 6.77E+01 1.9 -7.00E+01 4.56E+01
2 -8.46E+01 5.88E+01 2 -6.24E+01 3.90E+01
2.1 -7.65E+01 5.07E+01 2.1 -5.53E+01 3.30E+01
2.2 -6.88E+01 4.34E+01 2.2 -4.87E+01 2.78E+01
2.3 -6.15E+01 3.68E+01 2.3 -4.26E+01 2.32E+01
2.4 -5.46E+01 3.10E+01 2.4 -3.70E+01 1.92E+01
2.5 -4.80E+01 2.58E+01 2.5 -3.18E+01 1.58E+01
2.6 -4.19E+01 2.13E+01 2.6 -2.72E+01 1.28E+01
2.7 -3.62E+01 1.74E+01 2.7 -2.29E+01 1.03E+01
2.8 -3.09E+01 1.40E+01 2.8 -1.91E+01 8.15E+00
2.9 -2.60E+01 1.11E+01 2.9 -1.57E+01 6.39E+00
3 -2.15E+01 8.73E+00 3 -1.27E+01 4.96E+00
3.1 -1.77E+01 6.76E+00 3.1 -1.02E+01 3.81E+00
3.2 -1.47E+01 5.13E+00 3.2 -8.27E+00 2.88E+00
3.206 -1.45E+01 5.04E+00 3.206 -8.17E+00 2.83E+00
3.206 -1.45E+01 5.04E+00 3.206 -8.17E+00 2.83E+00
3.306 -1.09E+01 3.76E+00 3.306 -6.10E+00 2.12E+00
3.406 -8.10E+00 2.81E+00 3.406 -4.55E+00 1.58E+00
3.506 -6.05E+00 2.10E+00 3.506 -3.40E+00 1.18E+00
3.606 -4.51E+00 1.56E+00 3.606 -2.54E+00 8.79E-01
3.706 -3.37E+00 1.17E+00 3.706 -1.89E+00 6.56E-01
3.806 -2.51E+00 8.72E-01 3.806 -1.41E+00 4.90E-01
REV No. 1

Arc Shear Arc Shear

(m) (kN) (kN.m) (m) (kN) (kN.m)
3.906 -1.88E+00 6.51E-01 3.906 -1.05E+00 3.66E-01
4.006 -1.40E+00 4.86E-01 4.006 -7.87E-01 2.73E-01
4.106 -1.04E+00 3.62E-01 4.106 -5.87E-01 2.04E-01
4.206 -7.80E-01 2.70E-01 4.206 -4.38E-01 1.52E-01
4.206 -7.80E-01 2.70E-01 4.206 -4.38E-01 1.52E-01
APPENDIX C
Bending Stiffener Diagrams
INTERNAL RING DIMENSIONS
NOTE: THIS SKETCH IS NOT TO SCALE
WHERE
L1 = 240.0mm PCD1 = 636.0mm

L2 = 55.0mm D1 = 60.0mm
L3 = 130.0mm D2 = 50.0mm
L4 = 170.0mm T1 = M36
L5 = 45.0mm R1 = 1mm
No of tie rods (XX) = 18
Rod fillet weld to base flange = 6 mm
INTERNAL SLEEVE DIMENSIONS
NOTE: THIS SKETCH IS NOT TO SCALE
WHERE
D1 = 820.0mm C1 = 5.0mm x 30
D2 = 457.0mm C2 = 10.0mm x 45
D3 = 50.0mm R1 = 20.0mm
L1 = 135mm R2 = 19.0mm
L2 = 365.0mm R3 = 15.0mm
L3 = 100.0mm R4 = 5.0mm
T1 = 36.0mm nom.
No of radial holes 3
NOTE: THERE ARE A NUMBER OF
D3 HOLES EQUISPACED. ONE
HOLE TO BE IN LINE WITH FILL
PORT.
INTERNAL SLEEVE DIMENSIONS (cont.)
NOTES: THIS SKETCH IS NOT TO SCALE

THIS SKETCH MAY CONTAIN A DIFFERENT NUMBER OF HOLES
TO THE DATA BELOW. IT IS THE DATA THAT IS CORRECT.
DETAIL A DETAIL B
No OFF = 18 No OFF = 18
MIN. DRILL DEPTH = 105 mm HOLE THROUGH = 38.0 mm
TAP DEPTH = 90 mm COUNTERBORE DIA = 80 mm
SIZE = M 42 COUNTERBORE DEPTH = 45 mm
PCD = 736 mm PCD = 636 mm
HOLE THROUGH TO HAVE 1mm x 45 CHAMF ON FLANGE FACE
DETAIL C
2 No. HOLE(S), 1.50 inch BSP THRO' ON A 526.0mm PCD.
BENDING STIFFENER OVERALL DIMENSIONS
NOTES: THIS SKETCH IS NOT TO SCALE
WHERE
D1 = 850mm L1 = 550mm
D2 = 779mm L2 = 3206mm
D3 = 335mm L3 = 3283mm
R1 = 5mm L4 = 200mm
R2 = 20mm
T1 = 20.0mm
APPENDIX D
Bending Stiffener Design Calculations
INTERNAL STEELWORK DESIGN
The internal steelwork is designed in accordance with guidelines contained within API 17J.
1.0 EXTERNAL LOADS
From the bending stiffener design program output for a design loadcase of:
Tension 1400 kN
Angle 17.0
On a bending stiffener of the following dimensions:
Cone Length 3.006 m

Cone Internal Diameter (D3) 0.335 m
Cone External Diameter (D2) 0.779 m
Cylinder Length (L1) 0.550 m
Tip Length (L4) 0.200 m
The loads created are:
Base Shear Force (FY) 409.3 kN

Base Moment (MXY) 507.3 kNm
2.0 INTERNAL SLEEVE
The presence of a shear force (FY) will produce an additional moment which will
be carried by the cylinder base.
MXY+(FY*l) MXY
FX
FY FY
The additional moment (Ml) is given by:
Ml = FY * l
= 409.3 * 0.550
Ml = 225.1 kNm
The total moment (MT) at the bending stiffener base is :
MT = Ml + MXY
= 225.1 + 507.3
MT = 732.4 kNm
2.1 SLEEVE BENDING
The sleeve bending stress (slb) is given by:
slb = MT
Zsa
The sleeve section modulus (Zsa) is given by:
4 4
Zsa = (DS - dS )
32 * DS
Where:
DS = External sleeve diameter
= 0.457 m
dS = Internal sleeve diameter
= 0.385 m
Zsa = 0.004650 m
Therefore sleeve bending stress,
slb = 732.4
0.004650 * 1000
slb = 158 N/mm
2.2 SLEEVE SHEAR
The sleeve shear stress (slt) is given by:
slt = FY
As
The sleeve shear area (As) is given by:
2 2
As = (DS - dS )
4 * fsa
Where:
DS = External sleeve diameter
= 0.457 m
dS = Internal sleeve diameter
= 0.385 m
fsa = Shear Area Factor (Taken from Roark's Formulas

for Stress & Strain, Section 7.10)
= 2
As = 0.0238 m
Therefore sleeve shear stress,
slt = 409.3 kN
0.0238 m
slt = 17.2 N/mm
2.3 SLEEVE COMBINED STRESS
The combined stress in the sleeve (cssl) is found using the von Mises equation:
cssl = (slb + 3*slt)
cssl = 160 N/mm
Now the yield stress (sly) for steel grade BS EN 10025 S355J2+N, 36.0mm thick is:
sly = 345 N/mm
The utilisation factor (UF) for this material is:
UF = 0.67
The utilisation factor of 0.67 is used as the loads are:

Normal Operation, Functional only and Functional & Environmental
The allowable yield stress (sla )is therefore:
sla = 345 * 0.67 = 231 N/mm
The combined sleeve stress is less than the allowable yield stress, hence satisfactory
3.0 END FLANGE
The end flange can be assumed to be as follows:
MT
This represents a simply supported plate with the following parameters
Where :
a = Bolting radius
a = 0.368 m
b = Internal sleeve external radius
b = 0.229 m
t = Flange thickness
t = 0.135 m
Using "Roark's Formulas for Stress and Strain" Table 24, Case No 20b:
Ratio b/a = 0.229

0.368
= 0.621
which gives the following factor:
= 0.997
The maximum bending stress (flm) is located at the tube flange connection and
is given by:
flm = * MT
a * t2
= 0.997 * 732.44
0.368 * 0.135 * 1000
flm = 109 N/mm
Now the yield stress (FY) for steel grade BS EN 10025 S355J2+N, 135mm thick is:
FY = 295 N/mm
UF = 0.67
The allowable yield stress (FLA )is therefore:
FLA = 295 * 0.67 = 198 N/mm
Allowable yield stress is greater than the actual stress, hence satisfactory.
4.0 FLANGE INTERFACE BOLTING
The number of interface bolts (NB) to be used is:
NB = 18
For this number of bolts the maximum tensile bolt load (P) at the extremity is given by:
Assuming rotation about the centreline
P = MT
9 * RB
The bolting radius (RB) for the bending stiffener is:
RB = 0.368 m
Therefore P = 732
9 * 0.368
P = 221 kN
4.1 BOLT PRE-LOAD
The interface bolts to be used are M 42
The bolt tensile stress area (Abt) is 1120 mm
The bolts to be used are ALLOY 718 (UNS N07718).
The proof stress, bp for this material is : 723 N/mm
The required pre-load in the bolt, Pp is determined using the following equation:
Pp = 0.5 * Abt * bp
Pp = 405 kN
To reduce the stress range in the bolt during fatigue loading the pre-load, Pp should be at least 1.5 x
greater than the maximum tension, P (according to BS7608: 1993 - Fatigue Design and Assessment
of Steel Structures).
Factor = Pp
P
Factor = 1.83
The pre-load is greater than 1.5 x the maximum tension, hence satisfactory.
The minimum tension required in the bolts is 1.5 x P = 332kN
The maximum tension required in the bolts is 405kN (TCRP recommended installation value)
5.0 DEPTH OF INTERFACE BOLT HOLES
To ensure tensile bolt failure instead of thread shear the required depth of thread (DT) is
given by BS 3580 for a M42 bolt:
DT = 2 * ABT * J * F
* D1/TP * (TP/2 + 0.577(D2-D1))
Where:
J = Proof strength of external thread
Yield strength of internal thread
J = 723
295
J = 2.45
F = Tensile/shear factor
F = 1.5
D1 = Bolt core diameter
D1 = 37.129mm
D2 = Bolt pitch diameter
D2 = 39.077mm
TP = Thread pitch
TP = 4.500mm
DT = 94.16mm
Therefore the minimum requirements are:
Drill 110mm Deep Tap 95mm Deep
6.0 INTERNAL RING DESIGN
The internal ring is added to the internal structure to assist with the transfer of the
moment from the body to the end flange.
The arrangement may be represented graphically as shown below:
MXY
FX
FY
The effect of the shear force is absorbed by the internal sleeve. Conservatively, we shall say that
the internal ring may be required to carry the stiffener body moment MXY.
6.1 TIE ROD DESIGN
The ring will be supported by 18 No axial rods.
Consider rotation about the centreline. For this number of rods the maximum tensile load (PR)
at the extremity is given by:
PR = MXY
9 * RR
The tie rod radius (RR) for the bending stiffener is:
RR = 0.318 m
PR = 507.31
9 * 0.318
PR = 177 kN
The tie rods to be used for the internal steelwork are:
Diameter = 60.0mm
End Thread = M36
The maximum tensile or compressive stress (ROD) in the rods will occur in the
threaded section due to the reduced cross sectional area.
The rod thread tensile stress area (ART) is 817 mm
The tensile stress (rtm) due to loading is given by:
rtm = PR/ART
rtm = 177
817
rtm = 217 N/mm
Now the yield stress (RY) for ALLOY 625 60.0mm dia. is:
RY = 414 N/mm
UF = 0.67
The allowable yield stress (RYA) is therefore:
RYA = 414 * 0.67 = 277 N/mm
The rod stress is below the allowable yield stress, hence satisfactory.
6.2 COLLAR DESIGN
0.170 m 0.060 m
(RCT) (RCD)
M36
(rts)
0.0380 m
(RHD)
The tie rod collar bears directly against the end flange.
6.2.1 Collar Bearing Stress (bc)
The internal ring nuts shall be pre-tensioned to 90 kN. This will require a torque of 517Nm
for an M36 fastener
The maximum bearing stress, sbc will result from the load (PR + 90) as the nut pre-tension and
the compressive tie rod load will act simultaneously.
bc = 4 * (90 + PR)
2 2
*(RCD - RHD )
bc = 4 * (90 + 177)
3.14 * (0.060 - 0.038) * 1000
bc = 158 N/mm
As defined above the allowable yield stress for the flange (FLA) is : 198 N/mm
The bearing stress is below the flange yield stress, hence satisfactory
6.2.2 Collar Shear Stress (sc)
sc = (90 + PR)*fsac
* RHD * RCT
Where fsac = Shear Area Factor (Taken from Roark's Formulas

for Stress & Strain, Section 7.10)
fsac = 10 / 9
Therefore sc = (90 + 177) * 10

3.14 * 0.038 * 0.170 * 9 * 1000
sc = 14.6 N/mm
Allowable rod yield stress, = 277 N/mm (ALLOY 625)
The shear stress is below the allowable rod yield stress, hence satisfactory
6.2.3 Collar Combined Stress (csc)
The combined stress in the collar (csc) is found using the von Mises equation:
csc = (bc + 3*sc)
csc = 160 N/mm
The combined collar stress is less than the allowable rod yield stress, hence satisfactory
6.3 RING DESIGN
Assume the internal ring carries the load as follows:
PR
Lbr
The maximum moment (MR) is given by:
MR = PR * Lbr (Assuming fully fixed condition)

8
Where:
Lbr = Ring circumference - Ring diameter
No of rods
Lbr = * RR * 2 - RID
18
Lbr = 3.14* 0.318 *2 - 0.050

18
Lbr = 0.061m
MR = 177 * 0.061
8
MR = 1.35kNm
The section modulus of the ring (Zir) is given by:
The ring is made from 0.05m diameter bar (RID)
Zir = * RID
32
Zir = 3.14 * 0.050

32
Zir = 1.23E-5 m
The bending stress in the ring (irb) is therefore given by:
irb = MR
Zir
irb = 1352
1.23E-5 * 1E6
irb = 110 N/mm
The ring yield stress (iry) is given by:
For a 0.05m diameter ring ALLOY 625,
iry = 414 N/mm
UF = 0.67
The allowable yield stress (ira) is therefore:
ira = 414 * 0.67 = 277 N/mm
Ring bending stress is lower than the ring yield stress, hence satisfactory.
7.0 CONCLUSION
The structural design of the bending stiffener internal steelwork is deemed satisfactory.
APPENDIX E
Fatigue Analysis
CLIENT: Wellstream International Ltd PROJECT No.: 7418
PROJECT: C327 PREPARED BY: J. Fox
SUBJECT: 6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners DATE: 04-Jun-08
LOADCASE: Case 1
SUMMARY OF FATIGUE ANALYSIS
BOLTING 6,545 YEARS

FLANGE / SLEEVE WELD - FLANGE IN BENDING 701 YEARS
FLANGE / SLEEVE WELD - SLEEVE IN BENDING 329 YEARS
TIE ROD THREAD 520,833 YEARS
TIE ROD PARALLEL 490,196 YEARS
RING 462,963 YEARS
FATIGUE LIFE OF STEELWORK 329 YEARS

FLANGE BOLT FATIGUE ANALYSIS

Analysis in accordance with BS 7608: Fatigue Design and Assessment of Steel Structures.
Bolt Size M42

No. of Bolts 18
Tensile Stress Area / Bolt 1120 mm2
Bolt Radius, a 368.00 mm
Total Bolt Stress Area 20160 mm2
Bolt UTS 414 MPa
Notes:
1/ The distribution of the number of cycles is as follows:
As Detailed by Client (Section 11.1 of this Report)
2/ The following calculations assume the preload in the bolts is at least 1.5 X the design tension. Therefore the stress range can be taken as:
Stress Range, S =SQRT(+/- bolt2 + 3*+/- bolt2)
3/ The stress range is modified to allow for the effect of material thickness.
4/ The bolt stress calculations are as per TCRP design practice.
5/ The basic Sr -N curve has been reduced by a factor of 2 on life to cover the effects of contact with seawater when considering fatigue of bolting.

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Wave Shear Force Shear Force Bending Bending Actual no. Resultant Resultant bolt Axial Load bolt Stress Corrected Allowable Usage
Class Y-direction Z-direction Moment Moment of cycles Shear Force B/Moment Range on Range, S Stress no. of Factor
Y-direction Z-direction per year Range, F Range, M Bolt (20%) Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
(kN) (kN) (kNm) (kNm) n (kN) (kNm) (MPa) (kN) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa) N U
1 0.00 5.16 0.00 10.77 362,763.11 5.16 10.77 0.28 3.25 2.90 0.59 0.67 1.0E+30 0.0000000
2 0.00 5.00 0.00 10.31 1,171,616.46 5.00 10.31 0.28 3.11 2.78 0.56 0.64 1.0E+30 0.0000000
3 0.00 3.48 0.00 7.02 687,065.82 3.48 7.02 0.19 2.12 1.89 0.38 0.44 1.0E+30 0.0000000
4 0.00 4.97 0.00 10.20 518,339.21 4.97 10.20 0.27 3.08 2.75 0.56 0.64 1.0E+30 0.0000000
5 0.00 2.45 0.00 4.90 915,882.03 2.45 4.90 0.13 1.48 1.32 0.27 0.31 1.0E+30 0.0000000
6 0.00 1.19 0.00 2.38 361,298.94 1.19 2.38 0.07 0.72 0.64 0.13 0.15 1.0E+30 0.0000000
7 0.00 17.28 0.00 35.33 17,162.59 17.28 35.33 0.95 10.67 9.52 1.93 2.20 1.0E+30 0.0000000
8 0.00 3.53 0.00 7.11 66,894.86 3.53 7.11 0.19 2.15 1.92 0.39 0.44 1.0E+30 0.0000000
9 0.00 19.99 0.00 40.66 50,135.23 19.99 40.66 1.10 12.28 10.96 2.23 2.53 1.0E+30 0.0000000
10 0.00 31.97 0.00 68.73 48,292.13 31.97 68.73 1.76 20.75 18.53 3.76 4.28 1.0E+30 0.0000000
11 0.00 11.38 0.00 23.22 102,824.88 11.38 23.22 0.63 7.01 6.26 1.27 1.45 1.0E+30 0.0000000
12 0.00 18.69 0.00 38.45 79,036.22 18.69 38.45 1.03 11.61 10.37 2.10 2.39 1.0E+30 0.0000000
13 0.00 24.01 0.00 50.09 206.42 24.01 50.09 1.32 15.12 13.50 2.74 3.12 1.0E+30 0.0000000
14 0.00 9.81 0.00 19.87 633.59 9.81 19.87 0.54 6.00 5.36 1.09 1.24 1.0E+30 0.0000000
15 0.00 56.02 0.00 115.53 504.58 56.02 115.53 3.09 34.88 31.14 6.32 7.20 1.0E+30 0.0000000
16 0.00 123.46 0.00 247.91 1,126.70 123.46 247.91 6.80 74.85 66.83 13.57 15.45 1.0E+30 0.0000000
17 0.00 21.64 0.00 43.49 2,835.09 21.64 43.49 1.19 13.13 11.72 2.38 2.71 1.0E+30 0.0000000
18 0.00 7.80 0.00 16.64 4,615.72 7.80 16.64 0.43 5.02 4.49 0.91 1.04 1.0E+30 0.0000000
19 0.00 28.89 0.00 60.22 22.94 28.89 60.22 1.59 18.18 16.23 3.29 3.75 1.0E+30 0.0000000
20 0.00 11.77 0.00 23.68 65.94 11.77 23.68 0.65 7.15 6.38 1.30 1.48 1.0E+30 0.0000000
21 0.00 72.05 0.00 148.44 44.63 72.05 148.44 3.97 44.82 40.02 8.12 9.25 1.0E+30 0.0000000
22 0.00 155.84 0.00 309.73 172.01 155.84 309.73 8.59 93.52 83.50 16.96 19.31 1.0E+30 0.0000000
23 0.00 36.15 0.00 73.38 630.72 36.15 73.38 1.99 22.16 19.78 4.02 4.57 1.0E+30 0.0000000
24 0.00 9.25 0.00 19.81 1,396.18 9.25 19.81 0.51 5.98 5.34 1.08 1.23 1.0E+30 0.0000000
25 0.00 22.85 0.00 46.25 5.26 22.85 46.25 1.26 13.96 12.47 2.53 2.88 1.0E+30 0.0000000
26 0.00 228.81 0.00 456.24 2.63 228.81 456.24 12.61 137.75 122.99 24.98 28.44 1.2E+06 0.0000530
27 0.00 373.34 0.00 716.06 18.40 373.34 716.06 20.58 216.20 193.04 39.26 44.70 3.2E+05 0.0014470
28 0.00 68.53 0.00 140.28 105.12 68.53 140.28 3.78 42.35 37.82 7.68 8.74 1.0E+30 0.0000000
29 0.00 33.14 0.00 67.76 294.34 33.14 67.76 1.83 20.46 18.27 3.71 4.22 1.0E+30 0.0000000
30 0.00 23.53 0.00 46.94 2.74 23.53 46.94 1.30 14.17 12.66 2.57 2.93 1.0E+30 0.0000000
31 0.00 343.10 0.00 649.92 2.74 343.10 649.92 18.91 196.23 175.21 35.65 40.59 4.2E+05 0.0001610

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Wave Shear Force Shear Force Bending Bending Actual no. Resultant Resultant bolt Axial Load bolt Stress Corrected Allowable Usage
Y-direction Z-direction per year Range, F Range, M Bolt (20%) Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
32 0.00 57.81 0.00 119.43 19.20 57.81 119.43 3.19 36.06 32.20 6.53 7.44 1.0E+30 0.0000000
33 0.00 29.16 0.00 59.81 76.78 29.16 59.81 1.61 18.06 16.12 3.27 3.73 1.0E+30 0.0000000
34 0.00 89.58 0.00 183.06 5.26 89.58 183.06 4.94 55.27 49.35 10.02 11.40 1.0E+30 0.0000000
35 0.00 43.08 0.00 88.00 13.14 43.08 88.00 2.37 26.57 23.72 4.82 5.48 1.0E+30 0.0000000
36 0.00 377.67 0.00 751.96 2.74 377.67 751.96 20.81 227.04 202.72 41.18 46.88 2.8E+05 0.0002490
37 0.00 37.81 0.00 77.63 8.23 37.81 77.63 2.08 23.44 20.93 4.25 4.84 1.0E+30 0.0000000
38 0.00 58.51 0.00 119.52 5.26 58.51 119.52 3.22 36.09 32.22 6.54 7.45 1.0E+30 0.0000000
= 0.0019100
Fatigue Life = 6,545 Years

CLIENT: Wellstream International Ltd PROJECT No. 7418
FLANGE / SLEEVE WELD FATIGUE ANALYSIS LOOKING AT THE FLANGE IN BENDING

Analysis in accordance with BS 7608: Fatigue Design and Assessment of Steel Structures
INPUT
Sleeve Length,L 500.00 mm Flange Thk, t 135.00 mm

Sleeve O/Rad, b 228.50 mm Bolt Rad, a 368.00 mm
Sleeve I/Rad, r 192.50 mm Bolt Preload, P 405 kN
% Moment taken by flange 70% No of Bolts, N 18
at the sleeve weld
a/b 1.25 1.5 2 3 4 5
Alpha 0.1625 0.456 1.105 2.25 3.385 4.47
a/b: 1.610503282
Footing Factor: Alpha: 0.612384026
b/a 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Beta 9.478 6.252 4.621 3.625 2.947 2.062 1.489 1.067 0.731 0.449
b/a : 0.620923913
Trunnion Factor: Beta : 0.9967
Pressure due to Preload, q = 17.13 N/mm = N * P / (PI() * a)

Moment carried by Preload, M' = 670.48 kNm = q * PI() * a / 4
If Resultant Bending Moment, M > M' then:
flange = * M' + (M - M')

(a * t)
If Resultant Bending Moment, M < M' then:
flange = *M
(a * t)
Notes:
2/ The maximum stresses in the flange occur at the machined radius profile. 70 % of the bending moment is assumed to be taken by the flange at this connection.
4/ Stress Concentration Factor 2.73
5/ The flange in bending is analysed using the Class F, Fatigue curve from BS7608.
6/ The allowable number of cycles has been increased by a factor due to the effect of weld improvement by toe grinding: 2.2

ANALYSIS
Directional Fatigue Stress (MPa)
Resultant
Actual No of Flange Max
Local Y Bending Local Z Bending Moment Bending Load Angle,
Cycles (1 year), Stress, 0 (deg) 45 (deg) 90 (deg) 135 (deg) 180 (deg) 225 (deg) 270 (deg) 315 (deg)
Moment (kNm) (kNm) Moment (deg)
n (MPa)
Wave Class Loadcase (kNm)
1 362,763.11 max 0 -12.99 9.09 0.00 0.83 0.83 0.59 0.00 -0.59 -0.83 -0.59 0.00 0.59
min 0 -23.76 16.63 0.00 1.52 1.52 1.07 0.00 -1.07 -1.52 -1.07 0.00 1.07
Stress Range, Sr 1.879 1.329 0.000 1.329 1.879 1.329 0.000 1.329
Corrected Stress Range, Sc 3.20 2.26 0.00 2.26 3.20 2.26 0.00 2.26
Allowable No of Cycles, N 6.69E+12 3.79E+13 7.76E+93 3.79E+13 6.69E+12 3.79E+13 3.19E+91 3.79E+13
Usage Factor (25 years), U 0.000001 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000001 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Resultant
n (MPa)
2 1,171,616.46 max 0 12.31 8.62 180.00 0.79 -0.79 -0.56 0.00 0.56 0.79 0.56 0.00 -0.56
min 0 2.00 1.40 180.00 0.13 -0.13 -0.09 0.00 0.09 0.13 0.09 0.00 -0.09
Stress Range, Sr 1.798 1.272 0.000 1.272 1.798 1.272 0.000 1.272

Resultant
n (MPa)
3 687,065.82 max 0 -5.15 3.60 0.00 0.33 0.33 0.23 0.00 -0.23 -0.33 -0.23 0.00 0.23
min 0 -12.17 8.52 0.00 0.78 0.78 0.55 0.00 -0.55 -0.78 -0.55 0.00 0.55
Stress Range, Sr 1.225 0.866 0.000 0.866 1.225 0.866 0.000 0.866

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
4 518,339.21 max 0 3.69 2.58 180.00 0.24 -0.24 -0.17 0.00 0.17 0.24 0.17 0.00 -0.17
min 0 -6.51 4.56 0.00 0.42 0.42 0.29 0.00 -0.29 -0.42 -0.29 0.00 0.29
Stress Range, Sr 1.780 1.259 0.000 1.259 1.780 1.259 0.000 1.259

Resultant
n (MPa)
5 915,882.03 max 0 -23.97 16.78 0.00 1.53 1.53 1.08 0.00 -1.08 -1.53 -1.08 0.00 1.08
min 0 -28.88 20.21 0.00 1.85 1.85 1.31 0.00 -1.31 -1.85 -1.31 0.00 1.31
Stress Range, Sr 0.856 0.605 0.000 0.605 0.856 0.605 0.000 0.605

Resultant
n (MPa)
6 361,298.94 max 0 -20.25 14.17 0.00 1.29 1.29 0.92 0.00 -0.92 -1.29 -0.92 0.00 0.92
min 0 -22.63 15.84 0.00 1.45 1.45 1.02 0.00 -1.02 -1.45 -1.02 0.00 1.02
Stress Range, Sr 0.416 0.294 0.000 0.294 0.416 0.294 0.000 0.294

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
7 17,162.59 max 0 -0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
min 0 -35.35 24.75 0.00 2.26 2.26 1.60 0.00 -1.60 -2.26 -1.60 0.00 1.60
Stress Range, Sr 6.164 4.359 0.000 4.359 6.164 4.359 0.000 4.359

Resultant
n (MPa)
8 66,894.86 max 0 -14.78 10.35 0.00 0.94 0.94 0.67 0.00 -0.67 -0.94 -0.67 0.00 0.67
min 0 -21.89 15.32 0.00 1.40 1.40 0.99 0.00 -0.99 -1.40 -0.99 0.00 0.99
Stress Range, Sr 1.241 0.877 0.000 0.877 1.241 0.877 0.000 0.877

Resultant
n (MPa)
9 50,135.23 max 0 34.88 24.41 180.00 2.23 -2.23 -1.58 0.00 1.58 2.23 1.58 0.00 -1.58
min 0 -5.78 4.05 0.00 0.37 0.37 0.26 0.00 -0.26 -0.37 -0.26 0.00 0.26
Stress Range, Sr 7.095 5.017 0.000 5.017 7.095 5.017 0.000 5.017

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
10 48,292.13 max 0 49.57 34.70 180.00 3.17 -3.17 -2.24 0.00 2.24 3.17 2.24 0.00 -2.24
min 0 -19.16 13.41 0.00 1.22 1.22 0.87 0.00 -0.87 -1.22 -0.87 0.00 0.87
Stress Range, Sr 11.993 8.480 0.000 8.480 11.993 8.480 0.000 8.480

Resultant
n (MPa)
11 102,824.88 max 0 20.46 14.32 180.00 1.31 -1.31 -0.92 0.00 0.92 1.31 0.92 0.00 -0.92
min 0 -2.76 1.93 0.00 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.00 -0.12 -0.18 -0.12 0.00 0.12
Stress Range, Sr 4.051 2.864 0.000 2.864 4.051 2.864 0.000 2.864

Resultant
n (MPa)
12 79,036.22 max 0 -9.32 6.53 0.00 0.60 0.60 0.42 0.00 -0.42 -0.60 -0.42 0.00 0.42
min 0 -47.77 33.44 0.00 3.05 3.05 2.16 0.00 -2.16 -3.05 -2.16 0.00 2.16
Stress Range, Sr 6.709 4.744 0.000 4.744 6.709 4.744 0.000 4.744

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
13 206.42 max 0 12.29 8.60 180.00 0.79 -0.79 -0.56 0.00 0.56 0.79 0.56 0.00 -0.56
min 0 -37.79 26.45 0.00 2.42 2.42 1.71 0.00 -1.71 -2.42 -1.71 0.00 1.71
Stress Range, Sr 8.739 6.180 0.000 6.180 8.739 6.180 0.000 6.180
Usage Factor (25 years), U 1.68E-06 2.97E-07 4.96E-89 2.97E-07 1.68E-06 2.97E-07 1.44E-85 2.97E-07

Resultant
n (MPa)
14 633.59 max 0 19.30 13.51 180.00 1.23 -1.23 -0.87 0.00 0.87 1.23 0.87 0.00 -0.87
min 0 -0.57 0.40 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 0.00 0.03
Stress Range, Sr 3.466 2.451 0.000 2.451 3.466 2.451 0.000 2.451

Resultant
n (MPa)
15 504.58 max 0 61.44 43.01 180.00 3.93 -3.93 -2.78 0.00 2.78 3.93 2.78 0.00 -2.78
min 0 -54.09 37.87 0.00 3.46 3.46 2.44 0.00 -2.44 -3.46 -2.44 0.00 2.44
Stress Range, Sr 20.159 14.254 0.000 14.254 20.159 14.254 0.000 14.254

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
16 1,126.70 max 0 53.38 37.36 180.00 3.41 -3.41 -2.41 0.00 2.41 3.41 2.41 0.00 -2.41
min 0 -194.53 136.17 0.00 12.43 12.43 8.79 0.00 -8.79 -12.43 -8.79 0.00 8.79
Stress Range, Sr 43.258 30.588 0.000 30.588 43.258 30.588 0.000 30.588

Resultant
n (MPa)
17 2,835.09 max 0 54.22 37.95 180.00 3.47 -3.47 -2.45 0.00 2.45 3.47 2.45 0.00 -2.45
min 0 10.73 7.51 180.00 0.69 -0.69 -0.49 0.00 0.49 0.69 0.49 0.00 -0.49
Stress Range, Sr 7.588 5.366 0.000 5.366 7.588 5.366 0.000 5.366

Resultant
n (MPa)
18 4,615.72 max 0 25.11 17.57 180.00 1.60 -1.60 -1.13 0.00 1.13 1.60 1.13 0.00 -1.13
min 0 8.46 5.93 180.00 0.54 -0.54 -0.38 0.00 0.38 0.54 0.38 0.00 -0.38
Stress Range, Sr 2.904 2.053 0.000 2.053 2.904 2.053 0.000 2.053

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
19 22.94 max 0 19.03 13.32 180.00 1.22 -1.22 -0.86 0.00 0.86 1.22 0.86 0.00 -0.86
min 0 -41.19 28.83 0.00 2.63 2.63 1.86 0.00 -1.86 -2.63 -1.86 0.00 1.86
Stress Range, Sr 10.508 7.430 0.000 7.430 10.508 7.430 0.000 7.430

Resultant
n (MPa)
20 65.94 max 0 24.70 17.29 180.00 1.58 -1.58 -1.12 0.00 1.12 1.58 1.12 0.00 -1.12
min 0 1.01 0.71 180.00 0.06 -0.06 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.00 -0.05
Stress Range, Sr 4.132 2.922 0.000 2.922 4.132 2.922 0.000 2.922

Resultant
n (MPa)
21 44.63 max 0 81.19 56.83 180.00 5.19 -5.19 -3.67 0.00 3.67 5.19 3.67 0.00 -3.67
min 0 -67.26 47.08 0.00 4.30 4.30 3.04 0.00 -3.04 -4.30 -3.04 0.00 3.04
Stress Range, Sr 25.902 18.315 0.000 18.315 25.902 18.315 0.000 18.315

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
22 172.01 max 0 69.36 48.55 180.00 4.43 -4.43 -3.13 0.00 3.13 4.43 3.13 0.00 -3.13
min 0 -240.37 168.26 0.00 15.36 15.36 10.86 0.00 -10.86 -15.36 -10.86 0.00 10.86
Stress Range, Sr 54.044 38.215 0.000 38.215 54.044 38.215 0.000 38.215

Resultant
n (MPa)
23 630.72 max 0 72.25 50.58 180.00 4.62 -4.62 -3.27 0.00 3.27 4.62 3.27 0.00 -3.27
min 0 -1.13 0.79 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.00 -0.05 -0.07 -0.05 0.00 0.05
Stress Range, Sr 12.804 9.054 0.000 9.054 12.804 9.054 0.000 9.054

Resultant
n (MPa)
24 1,396.18 max 0 28.44 19.91 180.00 1.82 -1.82 -1.29 0.00 1.29 1.82 1.29 0.00 -1.29
min 0 8.63 6.04 180.00 0.55 -0.55 -0.39 0.00 0.39 0.55 0.39 0.00 -0.39
Stress Range, Sr 3.457 2.445 0.000 2.445 3.457 2.445 0.000 2.445

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
25 5.26 max 0 8.18 5.73 180.00 0.52 -0.52 -0.37 0.00 0.37 0.52 0.37 0.00 -0.37
min 0 -38.06 26.64 0.00 2.43 2.43 1.72 0.00 -1.72 -2.43 -1.72 0.00 1.72
Stress Range, Sr 8.070 5.706 0.000 5.706 8.070 5.706 0.000 5.706

Resultant
n (MPa)
26 2.63 max 0 335.97 235.18 180.00 21.47 -21.47 -15.18 0.00 15.18 21.47 15.18 0.00 -15.18
min 0 -120.27 84.19 0.00 7.69 7.69 5.44 0.00 -5.44 -7.69 -5.44 0.00 5.44
Stress Range, Sr 79.609 56.292 0.000 56.292 79.609 56.292 0.000 56.292

Resultant
n (MPa)
27 18.40 max 0 492.53 344.77 180.00 31.48 -31.48 -22.26 0.00 22.26 31.48 22.26 0.00 -22.26
min 0 -223.53 156.47 0.00 14.29 14.29 10.10 0.00 -10.10 -14.29 -10.10 0.00 10.10
Stress Range, Sr 124.946 88.350 0.000 88.350 124.946 88.350 0.000 88.350

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
28 105.12 max 0 94.98 66.49 180.00 6.07 -6.07 -4.29 0.00 4.29 6.07 4.29 0.00 -4.29
min 0 -45.30 31.71 0.00 2.90 2.90 2.05 0.00 -2.05 -2.90 -2.05 0.00 2.05
Stress Range, Sr 24.477 17.308 0.000 17.308 24.477 17.308 0.000 17.308

Resultant
n (MPa)
29 294.34 max 0 70.92 49.65 180.00 4.53 -4.53 -3.21 0.00 3.21 4.53 3.21 0.00 -3.21
min 0 3.16 2.21 180.00 0.20 -0.20 -0.14 0.00 0.14 0.20 0.14 0.00 -0.14
Stress Range, Sr 11.823 8.360 0.000 8.360 11.823 8.360 0.000 8.360

Resultant
n (MPa)
30 2.74 max 0 1.25 0.88 180.00 0.08 -0.08 -0.06 0.00 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.00 -0.06
min 0 -45.69 31.99 0.00 2.92 2.92 2.07 0.00 -2.07 -2.92 -2.07 0.00 2.07
Stress Range, Sr 8.191 5.792 0.000 5.792 8.191 5.792 0.000 5.792

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
31 2.74 max 0 181.94 127.36 180.00 11.63 -11.63 -8.22 0.00 8.22 11.63 8.22 0.00 -8.22
min 0 -467.98 327.59 0.00 29.91 29.91 21.15 0.00 -21.15 -29.91 -21.15 0.00 21.15
Stress Range, Sr 113.405 80.189 0.000 80.189 113.405 80.189 0.000 80.189

Resultant
n (MPa)
32 19.20 max 0 45.26 31.68 180.00 2.89 -2.89 -2.05 0.00 2.05 2.89 2.05 0.00 -2.05
min 0 -74.17 51.92 0.00 4.74 4.74 3.35 0.00 -3.35 -4.74 -3.35 0.00 3.35
Stress Range, Sr 20.840 14.736 0.000 14.736 20.840 14.736 0.000 14.736

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
33 76.78 max 0 72.34 50.63 180.00 4.62 -4.62 -3.27 0.00 3.27 4.62 3.27 0.00 -3.27
min 0 12.53 8.77 180.00 0.80 -0.80 -0.57 0.00 0.57 0.80 0.57 0.00 -0.57
Stress Range, Sr 10.436 7.379 0.000 7.379 10.436 7.379 0.000 7.379

Resultant
n (MPa)
34 5.26 max 0 127.20 89.04 180.00 8.13 -8.13 -5.75 0.00 5.75 8.13 5.75 0.00 -5.75
min 0 -55.86 39.10 0.00 3.57 3.57 2.52 0.00 -2.52 -3.57 -2.52 0.00 2.52
Stress Range, Sr 31.942 22.587 0.000 22.587 31.942 22.587 0.000 22.587

Resultant
n (MPa)
35 13.14 max 0 88.09 61.66 180.00 5.63 -5.63 -3.98 0.00 3.98 5.63 3.98 0.00 -3.98
min 0 0.08 0.06 180.00 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
Stress Range, Sr 15.356 10.858 0.000 10.858 15.356 10.858 0.000 10.858

ANALYSIS
Resultant
n (MPa)
36 2.74 max 0 256.31 179.42 180.00 16.38 -16.38 -11.58 0.00 11.58 16.38 11.58 0.00 -11.58
min 0 -495.65 346.96 0.00 31.68 31.68 22.40 0.00 -22.40 -31.68 -22.40 0.00 22.40
Stress Range, Sr 131.209 92.779 0.000 92.779 131.209 92.779 0.000 92.779

Resultant
n (MPa)
37 8.23 max 0 88.86 62.20 180.00 5.68 -5.68 -4.02 0.00 4.02 5.68 4.02 0.00 -4.02
min 0 11.23 7.86 180.00 0.72 -0.72 -0.51 0.00 0.51 0.72 0.51 0.00 -0.51
Stress Range, Sr 13.545 9.578 0.000 9.578 13.545 9.578 0.000 9.578

Resultant
n (MPa)
38 5.26 max 0 114.64 80.25 180.00 7.33 -7.33 -5.18 0.00 5.18 7.33 5.18 0.00 -5.18
min 0 -4.88 3.42 0.00 0.31 0.31 0.22 0.00 -0.22 -0.31 -0.22 0.00 0.22
Stress Range, Sr 20.855 14.747 0.000 14.747 20.855 14.747 0.000 14.747
Total Usage Factor 0.035675407 0.012022342 3.015E-84 0.012022342 0.03567541 0.01202234 6.35744E-81 0.012022342
All cases total usage factor 0.035675 0.012022 0.000000 0.012022 0.035675 0.012022 0.000000 0.012022
Fatigue Life 701 2079 infinite 2079 701 2079 infinite 2079
The minimum fatigue life is 701 Years

FLANGE / SLEEVE WELD FATIGUE ANALYSIS LOOKING AT THE SLEEVE IN BENDING

Analysis in accordance with BS 7608: Fatigue Design and Assessment of Steel Structures
INPUT
Sleeve Length,L 500.00 mm Flange Thk, t 135.00 mm

Sleeve O/Rad, b 228.50 mm Bolt Rad, a 368.00 mm
Sleeve I/Rad, r 192.50 mm Bolt Preload, P 405 kN
% Moment taken by flange 70% No of Bolts, N 18
at the sleeve weld
Notes:
2/ The maximum stresses in the sleeve occur at the flange / sleeve weld. 70 % of the bending moment is assumed to be taken by the flange at this connection.
4/ Stress Concentration Factor 2.73
5/ The allowable number of cycles has been increased by a factor due to the effect of weld improvement by toe grinding: 2.2
ANALYSIS
Actual No of Resultant Bending Stress Range, Sr Corrected Stress Allowable No of
Tube Max Stress, s (MPa)
Cycles (1 year), n Moment (kNm) (MPa) SCF = 2.73 Range, Sc (MPa) Cycles, N Curve D
Wave Class Usage Factor 25*n/N
1 362,763.11 7.5 1.6 4.42 5.42 1.97E+12 0.000005
2 1,171,616.46 7.2 1.6 4.24 5.19 2.45E+12 0.000012
3 687,065.82 4.9 1.1 2.88 3.53 1.67E+13 0.000001
4 518,339.21 7.1 1.5 4.19 5.13 2.58E+12 0.000005
5 915,882.03 3.4 0.7 2.02 2.47 1.00E+14 0.000000
6 361,298.94 1.7 0.4 0.98 1.20 3.72E+15 0.000000
7 17,162.59 24.7 5.3 14.52 17.78 5.18E+09 0.000083
8 66,894.86 5.0 1.1 2.92 3.58 1.57E+13 0.000000
9 50,135.23 28.5 6.1 16.71 20.46 2.56E+09 0.000489
10 48,292.13 48.1 10.3 28.24 34.59 1.86E+08 0.006499
11 102,824.88 16.3 3.5 9.54 11.68 4.22E+10 0.000061
12 79,036.22 26.9 5.8 15.80 19.35 3.39E+09 0.000583
13 206.42 35.1 7.5 20.58 25.21 9.04E+08 0.000006
14 633.59 13.9 3.0 8.16 10.00 9.21E+10 0.000000
15 504.58 80.9 17.4 47.48 58.15 7.73E+06 0.001631
16 1,126.70 173.5 37.3 101.88 124.77 7.83E+05 0.035996
17 2,835.09 30.4 6.5 17.87 21.89 1.83E+09 0.000039
18 4,615.72 11.6 2.5 6.84 8.38 2.23E+11 0.000001
19 22.94 42.2 9.1 24.75 30.31 3.60E+08 0.000002
20 65.94 16.6 3.6 9.73 11.92 3.82E+10 0.000000
FLANGE / SLEEVE WELD FATIGUE ANALYSIS LOOKING AT THE SLEEVE IN BENDING

ANALYSIS
Actual No of Resultant Bending Stress Range, Sr Corrected Stress Allowable No of
Tube Max Stress, s (MPa)
Cycles (1 year), n Moment (kNm) (MPa) SCF = 2.73 Range, Sc (MPa) Cycles, N Curve D
Wave Class Usage Factor 25*n/N
21 44.63 103.9 22.3 61.00 74.71 3.64E+06 0.000306
22 172.01 216.8 46.6 127.28 155.88 4.01E+05 0.010717
23 630.72 51.4 11.0 30.15 36.93 1.34E+08 0.000118
24 1,396.18 13.9 3.0 8.14 9.97 9.33E+10 0.000000
25 5.26 32.4 7.0 19.00 23.28 1.35E+09 0.000000
26 2.63 319.4 68.7 187.49 229.62 1.26E+05 0.000523
27 18.40 501.2 107.8 294.26 360.39 3.25E+04 0.014162
28 105.12 98.2 21.1 57.65 70.60 4.32E+06 0.000608
29 294.34 47.4 10.2 27.85 34.10 1.99E+08 0.000037
30 2.74 32.9 7.1 19.29 23.63 1.25E+09 0.000000
31 2.74 454.9 97.8 267.08 327.10 4.34E+04 0.001579
32 19.20 83.6 18.0 49.08 60.11 7.00E+06 0.000069
33 76.78 41.9 9.0 24.58 30.10 3.72E+08 0.000005
34 5.26 128.1 27.6 75.23 92.13 1.94E+06 0.000068
35 13.14 61.6 13.2 36.16 44.29 5.40E+07 0.000006
36 2.74 526.4 113.2 309.01 378.46 2.80E+04 0.002445
37 8.23 54.3 11.7 31.90 39.07 1.01E+08 0.000002
38 5.26 83.7 18.0 49.12 60.15 6.98E+06 0.000019
= 0.0760754
Fatigue Life = 329 Years

TIE ROD THREAD FATIGUE ANALYSIS

Thread Size M36

No. of tie rods 18
Tensile Stress Area / Bolt 817 mm2
Tie rod PCR, a 318.00 mm
Total Tie rod Stress Area 14706 mm2
Tie rod UTS 414 MPa
Load taken by ring/rods 30%
Notes:
2/ The following calculations assume the preload in the bolts is at least 1.5 X the design tension. Therefore the stress range can be taken as:
Stress Range, S =SQRT(+/- bolt2 + 3*+/- bolt2) * 0.2
3/ The stress range has been modified to allow for the effect of material thickness, as specified in BS7608,
4/ The tie rod thread stress calculations are as per the internal steelwork design calculations (assuming rotation about the centreline), as contained in Appendix D.
5/ The tie rod threads are analysed used the Class X, Fatigue curve from BS7608.
6/ The ring/rods take only the loads generated at the cone section base but the flange base loads have been considered for conservatism.
7/ It can be assumed that a further load share occurs between the internal sleeve and the ring/rods, with the ring taking 30% of the load.
8/ The basic Sr -N curve has been reduced by a factor of 2 on life to cover the effects of contact with seawater when considering fatigue of the rod thread.
The rod thread is surrounded by silicone sealant so there should be no contact with seawater.

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Wave Shear Force Shear Force Bending Bending Actual no. Resultant Resultant +/bolt Axial Load +/bolt Stress Corrected Allowable Usage
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Range, F Range, M Bolt (20%) Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
1 0.00 1.55 0.00 3.23 362,763.11 1.55 3.23 0.12 1.13 1.38 0.28 0.31 1.0E+30 0.000000
2 0.00 1.50 0.00 3.09 1,171,616.46 1.50 3.09 0.11 1.08 1.32 0.27 0.29 1.0E+30 0.000000
3 0.00 1.04 0.00 2.11 687,065.82 1.04 2.11 0.08 0.74 0.90 0.18 0.20 1.0E+30 0.000000
4 0.00 1.49 0.00 3.06 518,339.21 1.49 3.06 0.11 1.07 1.31 0.26 0.29 1.0E+30 0.000000
5 0.00 0.73 0.00 1.47 915,882.03 0.73 1.47 0.06 0.51 0.63 0.13 0.14 1.0E+30 0.000000
6 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.71 361,298.94 0.36 0.71 0.03 0.25 0.31 0.06 0.07 1.0E+30 0.000000
7 0.00 5.18 0.00 10.60 17,162.59 5.18 10.60 0.39 3.70 4.53 0.92 1.00 1.0E+30 0.000000
8 0.00 1.06 0.00 2.13 66,894.86 1.06 2.13 0.08 0.75 0.91 0.18 0.20 1.0E+30 0.000000
9 0.00 6.00 0.00 12.20 50,135.23 6.00 12.20 0.45 4.26 5.22 1.06 1.16 1.0E+30 0.000000
10 0.00 9.59 0.00 20.62 48,292.13 9.59 20.62 0.72 7.20 8.82 1.78 1.95 1.0E+30 0.000000
11 0.00 3.41 0.00 6.96 102,824.88 3.41 6.96 0.26 2.43 2.98 0.60 0.66 1.0E+30 0.000000
12 0.00 5.61 0.00 11.54 79,036.22 5.61 11.54 0.42 4.03 4.93 1.00 1.09 1.0E+30 0.000000
13 0.00 7.20 0.00 15.03 206.42 7.20 15.03 0.54 5.25 6.43 1.30 1.42 1.0E+30 0.000000
14 0.00 2.94 0.00 5.96 633.59 2.94 5.96 0.22 2.08 2.55 0.52 0.56 1.0E+30 0.000000
15 0.00 16.81 0.00 34.66 504.58 16.81 34.66 1.27 12.11 14.82 3.00 3.28 1.0E+30 0.000000
16 0.00 37.04 0.00 74.37 1,126.70 37.04 74.37 2.80 25.99 31.81 6.43 7.05 1.0E+30 0.000000
17 0.00 6.49 0.00 13.05 2,835.09 6.49 13.05 0.49 4.56 5.58 1.13 1.24 1.0E+30 0.000000
18 0.00 2.34 0.00 4.99 4,615.72 2.34 4.99 0.18 1.74 2.14 0.43 0.47 1.0E+30 0.000000
19 0.00 8.67 0.00 18.07 22.94 8.67 18.07 0.65 6.31 7.73 1.56 1.71 1.0E+30 0.000000
20 0.00 3.53 0.00 7.10 65.94 3.53 7.10 0.27 2.48 3.04 0.61 0.67 1.0E+30 0.000000
21 0.00 21.61 0.00 44.53 44.63 21.61 44.53 1.63 15.56 19.05 3.85 4.22 1.0E+30 0.000000
22 0.00 46.75 0.00 92.92 172.01 46.75 92.92 3.53 32.47 39.74 8.04 8.81 1.0E+30 0.000000
23 0.00 10.85 0.00 22.01 630.72 10.85 22.01 0.82 7.69 9.41 1.90 2.09 1.0E+30 0.000000
24 0.00 2.78 0.00 5.94 1,396.18 2.78 5.94 0.21 2.08 2.54 0.51 0.56 1.0E+30 0.000000
25 0.00 6.85 0.00 13.87 5.26 6.85 13.87 0.52 4.85 5.93 1.20 1.31 1.0E+30 0.000000
26 0.00 68.64 0.00 136.87 2.63 68.64 136.87 5.19 47.82 58.54 11.84 12.97 1.0E+30 0.000000
27 0.00 112.00 0.00 214.82 18.40 112.00 214.82 8.46 75.06 91.87 18.61 20.38 1.0E+30 0.000000
28 0.00 20.56 0.00 42.08 105.12 20.56 42.08 1.55 14.70 18.00 3.64 3.99 1.0E+30 0.000000
29 0.00 9.94 0.00 20.33 294.34 9.94 20.33 0.75 7.10 8.69 1.76 1.93 1.0E+30 0.000000
30 0.00 7.06 0.00 14.08 2.74 7.06 14.08 0.53 4.92 6.02 1.22 1.34 1.0E+30 0.000000

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Range, F Range, M Bolt (20%) Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
31 0.00 102.93 0.00 194.98 2.74 102.93 194.98 7.78 68.13 83.39 16.89 18.51 1.0E+30 0.000000
32 0.00 17.34 0.00 35.83 19.20 17.34 35.83 1.31 12.52 15.32 3.10 3.39 1.0E+30 0.000000
33 0.00 8.75 0.00 17.94 76.78 8.75 17.94 0.66 6.27 7.67 1.55 1.70 1.0E+30 0.000000
34 0.00 26.87 0.00 54.92 5.26 26.87 54.92 2.03 19.19 23.49 4.75 5.20 1.0E+30 0.000000
35 0.00 12.92 0.00 26.40 13.14 12.92 26.40 0.98 9.22 11.29 2.28 2.50 1.0E+30 0.000000
36 0.00 113.30 0.00 225.59 2.74 113.30 225.59 8.56 78.82 96.48 19.52 21.39 2.9E+06 0.000024
37 0.00 11.34 0.00 23.29 8.23 11.34 23.29 0.86 8.14 9.96 2.01 2.21 1.0E+30 0.000000
38 0.00 17.55 0.00 35.86 5.26 17.55 35.86 1.33 12.53 15.33 3.10 3.40 1.0E+30 0.000000
= 0.000024

TIE ROD PARALLEL SECTION FATIGUE ANALYSIS

Thread Size M36

Parallel Diameter 60 mm
No. of tie rods 18
CSA / tie rod 2827 mm2
Tie rod PCR, a 318.00 mm
Total tie rod Stress Area 50894 mm2
Tie rod UTS 414 MPa
Notes:
2/ The stress range is modified to allow for the effect of material thickness, as specified in BS7608.
3/ The tie rod stress calculations are as per the internal steelwork design calculations (assuming rotation about the centreline), as contained in Appendix D.
4/ The tie rods are analysed using the Class B, Fatigue curve from BS7608.
STRESS CONCENTRATION FACTOR (SCF)
At the end of the parallel section there is a step where the rod diameter increases from 36mm diameter to 60mm diameter. This abrupt change will cause a stress
concentration at the end of the parallel section. To evaluate this SCF the methodolgy contained in Roarks Formulas for stress and strain will be used.
Using Roarks Formulas for stress and strain SCF 2.85

Table 37 ( 17a & 17b )
The SCF is then used in the calculation of the Stress Range.

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Range, F Range, M Section Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
1 0.00 1.55 0.00 3.23 362,763.11 1.55 3.23 0.03 1.13 0.40 1.15 1.43 1.15E+18 0.000000
2 0.00 1.50 0.00 3.09 1,171,616.46 1.50 3.09 0.03 1.08 0.38 1.10 1.37 1.50E+18 0.000000
3 0.00 1.04 0.00 2.11 687,065.82 1.04 2.11 0.02 0.74 0.26 0.75 0.93 1.50E+19 0.000000
4 0.00 1.49 0.00 3.06 518,339.21 1.49 3.06 0.03 1.07 0.38 1.09 1.36 1.59E+18 0.000000
5 0.00 0.73 0.00 1.47 915,882.03 0.73 1.47 0.02 0.51 0.18 0.52 0.65 1.29E+20 0.000000
6 0.00 0.36 0.00 0.71 361,298.94 0.36 0.71 0.01 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.32 9.82E+21 0.000000
7 0.00 5.18 0.00 10.60 17,162.59 5.18 10.60 0.11 3.70 1.31 3.78 4.70 9.24E+14 0.000000
8 0.00 1.06 0.00 2.13 66,894.86 1.06 2.13 0.02 0.75 0.26 0.76 0.95 1.39E+19 0.000000
9 0.00 6.00 0.00 12.20 50,135.23 6.00 12.20 0.13 4.26 1.51 4.35 5.41 3.97E+14 0.000000
10 0.00 9.59 0.00 20.62 48,292.13 9.59 20.62 0.21 7.20 2.55 7.34 9.14 1.71E+13 0.000000
11 0.00 3.41 0.00 6.96 102,824.88 3.41 6.96 0.07 2.43 0.86 2.48 3.09 1.15E+16 0.000000
12 0.00 5.61 0.00 11.54 79,036.22 5.61 11.54 0.12 4.03 1.43 4.11 5.12 5.56E+14 0.000000
13 0.00 7.20 0.00 15.03 206.42 7.20 15.03 0.16 5.25 1.86 5.36 6.67 1.14E+14 0.000000
14 0.00 2.94 0.00 5.96 633.59 2.94 5.96 0.06 2.08 0.74 2.13 2.65 2.92E+16 0.000000
15 0.00 16.81 0.00 34.66 504.58 16.81 34.66 0.37 12.11 4.28 12.36 15.38 7.56E+11 0.000000
16 0.00 37.04 0.00 74.37 1,126.70 37.04 74.37 0.81 25.99 9.19 26.53 33.02 7.71E+09 0.000004
17 0.00 6.49 0.00 13.05 2,835.09 6.49 13.05 0.14 4.56 1.61 4.65 5.79 2.65E+14 0.000000
18 0.00 2.34 0.00 4.99 4,615.72 2.34 4.99 0.05 1.74 0.62 1.78 2.21 8.50E+16 0.000000
19 0.00 8.67 0.00 18.07 22.94 8.67 18.07 0.19 6.31 2.23 6.44 8.01 3.77E+13 0.000000
20 0.00 3.53 0.00 7.10 65.94 3.53 7.10 0.08 2.48 0.88 2.53 3.15 1.02E+16 0.000000
21 0.00 21.61 0.00 44.53 44.63 21.61 44.53 0.47 15.56 5.50 15.88 19.76 1.68E+11 0.000000
22 0.00 46.75 0.00 92.92 172.01 46.75 92.92 1.02 32.47 11.48 33.15 41.26 2.03E+09 0.000002
23 0.00 10.85 0.00 22.01 630.72 10.85 22.01 0.24 7.69 2.72 7.85 9.77 1.15E+13 0.000000
24 0.00 2.78 0.00 5.94 1,396.18 2.78 5.94 0.06 2.08 0.73 2.12 2.64 2.98E+16 0.000000
25 0.00 6.85 0.00 13.87 5.26 6.85 13.87 0.15 4.85 1.71 4.95 6.16 1.83E+14 0.000000
26 0.00 68.64 0.00 136.87 2.63 68.64 136.87 1.50 47.82 16.91 48.83 60.78 1.98E+08 0.000000
27 0.00 112.00 0.00 214.82 18.40 112.00 214.82 2.45 75.06 26.55 76.71 95.48 1.32E+07 0.000035
28 0.00 20.56 0.00 42.08 105.12 20.56 42.08 0.45 14.70 5.20 15.01 18.68 2.36E+11 0.000000
29 0.00 9.94 0.00 20.33 294.34 9.94 20.33 0.22 7.10 2.51 7.25 9.02 1.85E+13 0.000000
30 0.00 7.06 0.00 14.08 2.74 7.06 14.08 0.15 4.92 1.74 5.02 6.25 1.67E+14 0.000000

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Range, F Range, M Section Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
31 0.00 102.93 0.00 194.98 2.74 102.93 194.98 2.25 68.13 24.09 69.65 86.69 2.36E+07 0.000003
32 0.00 17.34 0.00 35.83 19.20 17.34 35.83 0.38 12.52 4.43 12.77 15.90 6.19E+11 0.000000
33 0.00 8.75 0.00 17.94 76.78 8.75 17.94 0.19 6.27 2.22 6.40 7.96 3.92E+13 0.000000
34 0.00 26.87 0.00 54.92 5.26 26.87 54.92 0.59 19.19 6.79 19.58 24.37 4.77E+10 0.000000
35 0.00 12.92 0.00 26.40 13.14 12.92 26.40 0.28 9.22 3.26 9.41 11.72 3.86E+12 0.000000
36 0.00 113.30 0.00 225.59 2.74 113.30 225.59 2.47 78.82 27.88 80.49 100.18 1.00E+07 0.000007
37 0.00 11.34 0.00 23.29 8.23 11.34 23.29 0.25 8.14 2.88 8.30 10.33 8.21E+12 0.000000
38 0.00 17.55 0.00 35.86 5.26 17.55 35.86 0.38 12.53 4.43 12.79 15.91 6.16E+11 0.000000
= 0.000051

RING FATIGUE ANALYSIS

Ring Diameter 50 mm
No. of tie rods 18
Distance between rod centres 0.111 m
Distance between rods 0.061 m
Ring Sectional Modulus 1.2E-05 m
Ring UTS 414 MPa
Ring PCR 318.00 mm
Notes:
2/ The stress range is modified to allow for the effect of material thickness, as specified in BS7608.
3/ The internal ring stress calculations are as per the internal steelwork design calculations contained in Appendix D.
4/ The ring is analysed used the Class F, Fatigue curve from BS7608.

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Wave Bending Bending Actual no. Ring Ring Stress Corrected Allowable Usage
Class Moment Moment of cycles Load Bending Range Stress no. of Factor
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Moment S Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
(kNm) (kNm) n (kN) (kNm) (MPa) (MPa) N U
1 0.00 3.23 362,763.11 1.13 0.01 0.47 0.56 1.93E+16 0.000000
2 0.00 3.09 1,171,616.46 1.08 0.01 0.45 0.53 2.40E+16 0.000000
3 0.00 2.11 687,065.82 0.74 0.00 0.30 0.36 1.64E+17 0.000000
4 0.00 3.06 518,339.21 1.07 0.01 0.44 0.53 2.53E+16 0.000000
5 0.00 1.47 915,882.03 0.51 0.00 0.21 0.25 9.83E+17 0.000000
6 0.00 0.71 361,298.94 0.25 0.00 0.10 0.12 3.64E+19 0.000000
7 0.00 10.60 17,162.59 3.70 0.02 1.53 1.82 5.07E+13 0.000000
8 0.00 2.13 66,894.86 0.75 0.00 0.31 0.37 1.54E+17 0.000000
9 0.00 12.20 50,135.23 4.26 0.02 1.77 2.10 2.51E+13 0.000000
10 0.00 20.62 48,292.13 7.20 0.04 2.98 3.55 1.82E+12 0.000001
11 0.00 6.96 102,824.88 2.43 0.01 1.01 1.20 4.14E+14 0.000000
12 0.00 11.54 79,036.22 4.03 0.02 1.67 1.99 3.32E+13 0.000000
13 0.00 15.03 206.42 5.25 0.03 2.17 2.59 8.85E+12 0.000000
14 0.00 5.96 633.59 2.08 0.01 0.86 1.03 9.01E+14 0.000000
15 0.00 34.66 504.58 12.11 0.06 5.02 5.97 1.36E+11 0.000000
16 0.00 74.37 1,126.70 25.99 0.13 10.76 12.80 2.98E+09 0.000009
17 0.00 13.05 2,835.09 4.56 0.02 1.89 2.25 1.79E+13 0.000000
18 0.00 4.99 4,615.72 1.74 0.01 0.72 0.86 2.19E+15 0.000000
19 0.00 18.07 22.94 6.31 0.03 2.61 3.11 3.52E+12 0.000000
20 0.00 7.10 65.94 2.48 0.01 1.03 1.22 3.74E+14 0.000000
21 0.00 44.53 44.63 15.56 0.08 6.45 7.67 3.87E+10 0.000000
22 0.00 92.92 172.01 32.47 0.17 13.45 15.99 9.79E+08 0.000004
23 0.00 22.01 630.72 7.69 0.04 3.19 3.79 1.31E+12 0.000000
24 0.00 5.94 1,396.18 2.08 0.01 0.86 1.02 9.13E+14 0.000000
25 0.00 13.87 5.26 4.85 0.02 2.01 2.39 1.32E+13 0.000000
26 0.00 136.87 2.63 47.82 0.24 19.81 23.56 1.41E+08 0.000000
27 0.00 214.82 18.40 75.06 0.38 31.09 36.98 1.48E+07 0.000031
28 0.00 42.08 105.12 14.70 0.07 6.09 7.24 5.13E+10 0.000000
29 0.00 20.33 294.34 7.10 0.04 2.94 3.50 1.95E+12 0.000000
30 0.00 14.08 2.74 4.92 0.03 2.04 2.42 1.22E+13 0.000000
31 0.00 194.98 2.74 68.13 0.35 28.22 33.56 2.41E+07 0.000003

ANALYSIS
LOAD RANGE
Wave Bending Bending Actual no. Ring Ring Stress Corrected Allowable Usage
Class Moment Moment of cycles Load Bending Range Stress no. of Factor
Y-direction Z-direction (1 year) Moment S Range, Sb cycles = 25*n/N
(kNm) (kNm) n (kN) (kNm) (MPa) (MPa) N U
32 0.00 35.83 19.20 12.52 0.06 5.19 6.17 1.15E+11 0.000000
33 0.00 17.94 76.78 6.27 0.03 2.60 3.09 3.64E+12 0.000000
34 0.00 54.92 5.26 19.19 0.10 7.95 9.45 1.36E+10 0.000000
35 0.00 26.40 13.14 9.22 0.05 3.82 4.54 5.28E+11 0.000000
36 0.00 225.59 2.74 78.82 0.40 32.65 38.83 1.16E+07 0.000006
37 0.00 23.29 8.23 8.14 0.04 3.37 4.01 9.90E+11 0.000000
38 0.00 35.86 5.26 12.53 0.06 5.19 6.17 1.14E+11 0.000000
= 0.000054

SK-W7418-EN-005 - Design Report Rev 01 PDF

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Wellstream International Ltd

6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners

Trelleborg CRP Ltd

01 25.07.08 J. Fox K. McKenzie D. Hartley

Fox McKenzie Hartley

1. Client Spec No Engineering Requisition

2. Trelleborg CRP Quotation Quotation, Bending Stiffeners

3. API Specification 17J Specification for Unbonded Flexible

4. BS 7608 : 1993 Code of Practice for Fatigue Design and

5. WIL Document No. Specification for Electroless Nickel Coating

The information can be divided into four categories: -

2. Bending Stiffener Requirements

3.1 Riser Details

3.2 Bending Stiffener Requirements

The analysis below is based on the temperature values specified in Ref. 1.

2. Pipe content temperature

These temperatures will give rise to corresponding temperatures within the

Ambient temperatures: The ambient temperature surrounding the bending

Pipe temperatures: The riser internal temperature has been specified to be a

1. Operational. For the operational loadcases it is assumed that the polyurethane

3.3 Interfacing Structure

3.4 Design Loading

6" Oil/Gas Riser Bend Stiffeners

TITLE DRAWING NUMBER

Stiffener Moulding C429801

Internal Steelwork C429802

Internal Sleeve C429803

Internal Ring C429804

The stiffener body is an elastomeric moulding. It comprises a cone mounted on a

6.1 Internal Steelwork

Plate : Carbon Steel. BS EN 10025. Grade S355J2+N

Tube : Carbon Steel. BS EN 10025. Grade S355J2+N

Internal Ring : Alloy 625 to UNS N06625

Nuts : Alloy 625 to UNS N06625

6.2 Elastomer Moulding

Stress at 100% strain : 20 N/mm (Nominal)

Ultimate Tensile Stress : 35 N/mm (Nominal)

Elongation at Break : 300% (Nominal)

Density : 1200 kg/m (Nominal)

The elastomer is inert in seawater and no corrosion protection is required.

8 Stiffener Cone Geometry

8.1 Program Description

The design of a bend stiffener comprises three stages as follows: -

These three stages are further described below.

8.1.1 Data Input

The input data may be divided into five categories as follows: -

1. Titles: various titles to be included in the design output for

2. Cable the cable properties are specified in terms of flexural stiffness,

3. Geometry: the bend stiffener external geometry may be defined explicitly or

4. Loading: multiple load cases may be defined by specifying the tension

5. Materials: the bend stiffener material properties, which can be linear or

8.1.2 Design Process

The design procedure is carried out in the following steps: -

2. finite element mesh generation

3. non-linear finite element static analysis

Based on the analysis parameters specified, the program performs an automated

8.1.3 Results Output

8.1.5 Multiple Load Cases and Varying Material Properties

8.2 Program Input

Input to the program is taken from two sources:

1. Design information (Reference: Section 3)

2. Polyurethane material properties (Reference: Section 6)

8.3 Program Output