TRIZ Introduction en PDF

An Introduction to
TRIZ
www.ciaotech.it www.know-it-project.eu
Overview
Innovation
Current situation
Methods to boost idea generation
Psychological inertia
TRIZ
References
B. Rossi - Ciaotech 2
V.Muzi - Ciaotech, W UT
Why INNOVATION?
Innovation makes the difference between

Business as usual
Business as exceptional
innovation
For a business to be successful, it needs:

to constantly and consistently improve what it does
to innovate in a never-ending manner
improvement
Improvement-type projects more predictable and risk-free income

Innovation projects real competitive advantage
Why INNOVATION?
Improvement
degree Profitability
Mature
Improvement product
limit
Minimizing
costs
Decline of the
Maximizing econom ic and
efficiency societal value
Maximizing
performance The im provem ent
potential of the TS
approaches a lim it
Making it
work right
Making
it work
New product
Time
The new TS
Major problem a ssociated
is invented
with the new TS are
overcom e
Why INNOVATION?
improvement
innovation
Why INNOVATION?
STRUCTURED STRUCTURED STRUCTURED
PRODUCTIVITY QUALITY INNOVATION
Six Sigma, late 1990s,

Lean, Smith, Harry
1990, W omack Strategic Thinking, 1990s,
Hamel, Christensen, Chesbrough
Baldridge, TQM,
Balanced
Scorecard,
Strategic Thinking and Planning,
early 1990s,
1970s, Toffler, Drucker, Porter
Toyota Production US Congress,
Norton, Kaplan
System, 1950s,
Ohmo, Shingo
TRIZ, 1950s,
TCQ, 1950s, Altschuller
Deming, Juran,
Mass Production, Feigenbaum, Crosby
1920s, Ford
SPC, 1924,
Shewart
Scientific Management,
1910, Taylor
Current situation
The skill of improvement has been developed very well
Innovation side is lacking systems and structures
over 80% of innovations fail before they reach the

market
over 80% of those innovations that do reach the market
will also fail
over 90% of innovations are delivered late, over-budget
or to a lower quality than it was originally planned
over 90% of collaborative innovations fail
97% of patents never pay back the cost of filing
manufacture industry averages only 1 successful

product for every 3.000 generated ideas
Current situation
Only a few of the generated ideas are innovations: the rest are
merely
incremental improvements of what already exists
or
mediocre solutions to problems
Intrinsic limitations of almost all the current methods for

boosting idea generation
Random Methods
Brainstorm, Synectics, Reframing,

Lateral thinking, Neurolinguistic
Programming, Mind Mapping, 6
hats,
Are based on destructively divergent thinking D = V

S
Only can help the mind in thinking the best it can about what it
already knows
Dont include criteria of evaluation of the found solution
Heavily rely on human cognitive capabilities are strongly

affected by psychological inertia
Is made up of the built-in biases from our own:

Habits
Beliefs
History/Tradition
Policies/Procedures
Rules/Guidelines
Education/Training
Past experiences
Why is Psychological Inertia good?
Why is Psychological Inertia bad?
Effects of psycological inertia
IDEAL
SOLUTION
If the ideal solution is outside of

our personal knowledge field (where
the problem is located), we are
unable to find it!
Solution
Closure effects of
psycological inertia
TRIZ
The acronym of
(Teorija Reshenija Izobretatelskikh Zadach)
THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING
TRIZ
TRIZ is based upon an exhaustive patent search conducted by

Genrich Altshuller, a patent examiner for the Russian navy
Patents (*) Key-Findings

200
,000
Levels of invention
Definition of inventive problem
Engineering parameters/Contradictions
Separation principle/Inventive principle
Standard solutions
40,0 Patterns of evolution
00
(*)
Today over 2.000.000
patents have been
investigated.
TRIZ Tool? Method? Philosophy?
A Collection of Tools
A Complete Method
A Philosophy
TRIZ Philosophy
Each patent/innovation is characterized by a level of invention
Invent ion inside

Invent ion
paradigm
out side paradigm
18%
4%
Discovery
1%
Improvement A pparent
45% solut ion
32%
Levels of Invention
Provokes inventions at lower levels
Helps solving
1 2 3 4 5
Level of innovation Apparent/Conventional Improvement Invention inside Invention outside Discovery

Solution paradigm paradigm
(common invention) (major invention & new
(trivial, non-inventive inv.) (average, solid invention) (macro invention) science)
# of attempts 10 10-102 102 -103 103 - 104 105 lifetime dedication
Problem & Solution methods within one Problem & Solution Other science field, Outside contemporary
professional field methods belongs to outside technology scientific knowledge
Field of Solution
same technology involving completely
different principle
Obvious (undisguised) Solution not obvious Technology of other New generation of New phenomenon
solutions from a few clear to untrained persons industries beyond design using science not discovered & applied to
Solution mechanism options possible give-up accepted ideas & technology inventive problem
principles paradigm
shift in industry
Existing system not Existing system Existing system Synthesis of a new New technical
Characteristics of
substantially changed slightly changed essentially improved technical system systems, industries &
system
design products
Enhanced features good New features Combination of several Physical effects & Solution methods
engineering improvements, but physical effects, tricky phenomena previously beyond the scope of
Effects/principle
obvious compromise methods, ingenious little known modern science
leading to solution
use of well-known
physical phenomena
Contradictions not System inherent Contradictions resolved Contradiction No contradictions
identified & resolved contradictions reduced within existing eliminated since non-
Existence of
but not eliminated system often through exixtent in NEW system
contradictions
introduction of entirely
new elements
Increasing wall thickness Adjustable steering Replacing standard Using material with Laser, Transistor
to create grater insulation columns to increase the transmission of a car thermal memory for key
Examples range of body types with automatic rings that open in hot
able to drive transmission water
comfortably
Levels of Invention
Number of solutions
Easiness of problem Time and resources
resolution needed
Level of
invention
1 2 3 4 5
TRIZ Philosophy
There is repetition in the way people solve creative problems:

the same fundamental problems have been addressed by a number of
inventions in different areas of technology
the same fundamental solutions were used over and over again
across different industry sectors and professions, often separated by
many years
Innovation is not a random process, but is a function of a very

small set of parameters, principles and patterns; in particular:
39 engineering parameters, needed for characterising problems;
40 inventive principle for solving technical contradictions
4 separation principle for solving physical contradictions
76 standard solutions for solving relatively common optimisation
problems
8 evolutionary patterns (today up to 35 have been identified) that
make possible to forecast the technology trends
Systems evolve towards an Ideal Final Result
TRIZ Application Areas
Solve a specific immediate problem
tactical Failure analysis
Failure prediction
TRIZ Innovatively optimize a technology

(product)
Forecast future technology (product)
evolution
strategic
Control of intellectual property
Accelerated decision commitment
TRIZ tools: 39 Engineering Parameters
1. Weight of moving object 21. Power

2. Weight of nonmoving object 22. Waste of energy
3. Length of moving object 23. Waste of substance
4. Length of nonmoving object 24. Loss of information
5. Area of moving object
25. Waste of time
6. Area of nonmoving object
26. Amount of substance
7. Volume of moving object
27. Reliability
8. Volume of nonmoving object
9. Speed 28. Accuracy of measurement
10. Force 29. Accuracy of manufacturing
11. Tension, pressure 30. Harmful factors acting on object
12. Shape 31. Harmful side effects
13. Stability of object 32. Manufacturability
14. Strength 33. Convenience of use
15. Durability of moving object 34. Repairability
16. Nonmoving object Durability 35. Adaptability
17. Temperature
36. Complexity of device
18. Brightness
37. Complexity of control
19. Energy spent by moving object
38. Level of automation
20. Energy spent by nonmoving object
39. Productivity
TRIZ tools: Contradictions
A contradiction arises when mutually exclusive demands are

placed on the same system. Improvement or resolution of one of
the demands then leads to deterioration of others
The inventive problems can reveal two kinds of contradictions:

Physical contradictions (occur when a given element of a system
conflicts with itself)
Technical contradictions (occur when two different elements conflict
with each other (if one improves, the other degrades)
Physical contradictions are easier to be solved than technical

ones try to convert as many technical contradictions as
possible into physical contradictions
TRIZ tools: Phys.contradictions and separation

principles
Physical contradictions can be solved applying one or more of the

4 separation principle:
Separation in time
Separation in space
Separation between parts and a whole
Separation upon condition
TRIZ tools: Tech.contradictions and inventive principles
Technical contradictions are solved by applying one or more of

the 40 inventive principles
1. Segmentation 21. "Skip"
2. Takeout 22. Blessing in disguise
3. Local quality 23. Feedback
4. A symmetry 24. Intermediary
5. Merging 25. Self-service
6. Universality 26. Copying
7. Nested doll 27. Service Life
8. A nti-weight 28. Mechanics substitution
9. Preliminary anti-action 29. Pneumatic or hydraulic constructions
10. Preliminary action 30. Flexible shells and thin films
11. Beforehand cushioning 31. Porous materials
12. equipotentiality 32. Change of color
13. Other way round 33. Homogeneity
14. Spheroidality 34. Discard and recover
15. Variability or dynamicism 35. Change physical or chemical
16. Partial or excessive action parameters
17. A nother dimension 36. Phase transitions
18. Mechanical vibrations 37. Thermal expansion
19. Periodic actions 38. Strong oxidants
20. Continuity of useful action 39. Inert atmosphere
40. Composite materials
TRIZ tools: Tech.contradictions and contradiction

matrix
Temperature
Degraded
Durability
Strength
Weight
Length
Speed
Force
Feature
Area
Feature to
Improve
Weight 40, 3 5, 31,34
Length
Area
Force 35,10,21
Speed
Strength 40, 3
Inventive Principles
Durability 5, 31,34
Temperature 35,10,21
TRIZ tools: 76 standard solutions
In some cases, the system has not contradictions but rather

deficiencies or inadequacies: they can be solved re-modeling the
system using one of the 76 standard solutions
CLASS 1. COMPOSITION AND CLASS 4. MEASUREMENT AND DETECTION
DECOMPOSITION OF SFMS STANDARDS
GROUP 4-1: INSTEAD OF MEASUREMENT
GROUP 1-1: SYNTHESIS OF A SFM AND DETECTION - SYSTEM CHANGE
GROUP 1-2: DECOMPOSITION OF GROUP 4-2: SYNTHESIS OF A
SFMS MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
CLASS 2. EVOLUTION OF SFMS GROUP 4-3: ENHANCEMENT OF
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
GROUP 2-1: TRANSITION TO COMPLEX GROUP 4-4: TRANSITION TO
SFMS FERROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENT
GROUP 2-2: EVOLUTION OF SFM SYSTEMS
GROUP 2-3: EVOLUTION BY GROUP 4-5: EVOLUTION OF
MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
COORINATING RHYTHMS CLASS 5. SPECIAL RULES OF APPLICATION
GROUP 2-4: FERROMAGNETIC SFMS GROUP 5-1: SUBSTANCE INTRODUCTION
(FESFMS) GROUP 5-2: INTRODUCTION OF FIELDS
CLASS 3. TRANSITIONS TO GROUP 5-3: USE OF PHASE TRANSITIONS
GROUP 5-4: PHYSICAL EFFECTS USE
SUPERSYSTEM AND MICROLEVEL GROUP 5-5: SUBSTANCE PARTICLES
GROUP 3-1: TRANSITIONS TO OBTAINING
BISYSTEM AND POLYSYSTEM
GROUP 3-2: TRANSITION TO
MICROLEVEL
TRIZ tools: IFR and Ideality
IFR is the imagined ultimate solution of the innovation process:

Does not introduce new harm in the system at hand;
Preserves all the advantages of the existing system;
Removes all the disadvantages of the existing system;
Has a minimal or no increase at all in complexity;
Maximises ideality
Ideality =
Benefits
Cost + Harm
The less the distance of an innovative solution from the IFR, the
better is the solution, the higher the ideality value.
Notice: this is not a valid distance metrics equation, because
Ideality
TRIZ tools: IFR and Ideality
What allows reducing the gap between reality and ideality is:
Eliminating trade-offs
Using resources
Substances
Fields
Space
Time
Information
Functional
-
TRIZ tools: Patterns of evolution
Engineering (technological) systems do not evolve randomly, but

according to objective patterns
These patterns can be revealed from the patent literature and

analysis of system development, and purposefully used for
systems development without numerous blind trials
TRIZ tools: 8 Patterns of evolution
1. Technology follows a life cycle of birth, growth, maturity, decline.

2. Evolution Toward Increased Ideality
3. Non-Uniform Development of Systems Elements
4. Evolution Toward Increased Dynamism and Controllability
5. Increased Complexity then Simplification (Reduction) through
integration.
6. Evolution with Matching and Mismatching Components
7. Evolution Toward Micro-level and Increased Use of energy Fields
to achieve better performance or control.
8. Evolution Toward Decreased Human Involvement
TRIZ tools: New patterns of evolution

Mono-Bi-Poly (Similar) Interface
Mono-Bi-Poly (Various) Interface
Mono-Bi-Poly (Inc.Diff.) Interface
Damping
Sense Interaction
Colour Interaction
Transparency
Smart Materials INT Customer Purchase Focus
Space Segmentation ER Market Evolution
Surface Segmentation FAC Design Point
SP E
Object Segmentation
AC Degrees of Freedom

Macro to Nano Scale Space
Webs and Fibres
E Boundary Breakdown Interface
Trimming
Decreasing Density TIM Controllability
A symmetry E Human Involvement
Boundary Breakdown - Space Design Methodology
Geometric Evolution (Lin) Reducing Energy Conversions
Geometric Evolution (Vol)
Dynamisation
A ction Co-ordination
Rhythm Co-ordination
Non-Linearity
Mono-Bi-Poly (Sim) Time
Mono-Bi-Poly (Var) Time
Macro to Nano Scale Time
scissors wire cutter water cutter Laser cutter

Cutting knife
tools
Measuring folding tape ultrasound Laser measure
tools ruler ruler measure
TRIZ Method: Problem Solving
DMASI methodology
Define
the innovation problem/system (requirements, constraints, )
the Ideal Final Result
Model
the system (how its elements interact; how its elements create
contradictions; how to resolve contradictions)
Abstract
the specific problem into a generic problem (es. Express the contradictions
in terms of the 39 engineering parameters)
Solve
for the specific solution using TRIZ tools (separation principles, inventive
principles, standard solutions, )
Implement
solutions that eliminate problems or generate new revenues
TRIZ Method: Problem Solving

Use 39 Param eters
Define Technical System

(Function Model)
Physical Contradiction convert Technical Contradiction
W ant A a nd B im plies C
Identify Ideal
Final Result (IFR)
Separation Principles Contradiction Matrix
Com pare/Contrast
Ex isting system with IFR Solutions
Establish
Ideality Equation No Problem Yes
(useful/harm ful) Solved?
Identify system Com pare solution Ideality

level contradictions Create System Model with Ex isting system
Com pare with IFR

Substance-Field Identify contradictions at sub-
(Su-Field) Algorithm or super-system level
Im plem ent
TRIZ Method: Technology forecast
DMAPI methodology
Define the existing conditions and parameters of the system
Map the maturity of the system using suitable indicators
Apply each of the patterns of evolution and build the future stage of
evolution, identifying constraints and feasibility
Plot a product plan that identifies several generations of
development, stages their implementation and coordinates them with
market readiness (Multi Generational Product Plan - MGPP)
Implement the innovation roadmap
Functional
performance Cost
index Level of Reduction
inventions Related
Inventions
time time time
Symptom
# of Profitability Curing
inventions
time
time time

Estimated stage
(overall)
How ideal?
Evolutionary Limit of system
relative to predicted
evolution Trends
How advanced in
reduction of
human
involvement?
Maturity in
development of
individual
subsystems
and element
How advanced in
field use?
How dynamic
and controllable?
Current evolutionary
position of component
for a given trend
Are components
matched or
mismatched?
How complex?
Ready for
simplification?
Benefits of TRIZ
Repeatable problem solving process, based on fixed algorithm
Better and more innovative solutions
Reduces the number of trail and error solutions (Saves time, money and
reduces risk)
Allows deriving knowledge from other fields
Allows finding markets to your solutions outside traditional fields
TRIZ attempts to circumvent the many mediocre solutions to problems

and get directly to the best solution faster
Bring the ratio of attempted innovation and innovation made closer to
100%
Based on science and not psychology
Time consuming on the problem definition side pays dividends, but some
people prefer to solve the wrong problem several times and appear to be
doing something all the time
Achieving the Ideal Vision: Accelerating Innovation via

Structure
Possible
Options
EXHAUSTIVE Set
of Options Confident
Decision Point
Rapid
Development of
Practical
Number of Options Knowledge owle dge
Required to Make a al Kn
of P ractic
Reasonable Decision
mu lation
ccu
Gra dual A
Forced
Decision Point
Starting Practical Time

Point Deadline
TRIZ Effectiveness
Two groups of equally experienced engineers tried to solve the

same problem within a limited time interval
Without TRIZ With TRIZ

(628 persons) (723 persons, one week training)
2% 20% 4% Solution
28%
Doubtful
Solutions
No Solution
78% 68%
TRIZ potentialities
Management
big idea
6
W idespread
adoption
Nr. of adopters
Deployment
systemisation
4
Early
Big
adopter
corporate
Management Corporations champion
3
good idea
2
Idea/method
1 is proven
Time
PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT
Many organizations do not have the discipline to throughly define a

problem prior to going into the solution space. This, in itself, can be fatal
to understanding all that might happen in implementation
TRIZ methodologies are still complex, difficult to handle
TRIZ can be viewed as a threat (as opposed to a breakthrough

productivity tool) by:
certain senior technical staff who cant believe the solution to a problem may lie
outside their area of expertise
brightest minds (i.e. people to whom Companies entrust the job of innovation)
that cannot admit the idea that innovation follows a universal template, because
this would reduce the greatness of their personal minds
popular opinion, because most feel innovation is emotionally based. It happens
when we get a Eureka! moment. It cannot be structured. You must be gifted
with a creative mind
those people that make a career out of making their problem seem truly unique
REFERENCES
David Silverstein, Neil DeCarlo, Michael Slocum

Insourcing Innovation: How to Transform Business as Usual into
Business as Exceptional
Breakthrough Performance Press, September 2005
Victor Fey, Eugene Rivin

Innovation on Demand: New Product Development Using TRIZ
Cambridge University Press
John Ternirnko, Alla Zusman, Boris Zlotin

Systematic Innovation - An Introduction to TRIZ
St. Lucie Press

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An Introduction to

Methods to boost idea generation

Innovation makes the difference between

For a business to be successful, it needs:

Improvement-type projects more predictable and risk-free income

Six Sigma, late 1990s,

The skill of improvement has been developed very well

Innovation side is lacking systems and structures

over 80% of innovations fail before they reach the

97% of patents never pay back the cost of filing

manufacture industry averages only 1 successful

Intrinsic limitations of almost all the current methods for

Methods to boost idea generation

Brainstorm, Synectics, Reframing,

Methods to boost idea generation

Are based on destructively divergent thinking D = V

Dont include criteria of evaluation of the found solution

Heavily rely on human cognitive capabilities are strongly

Is made up of the built-in biases from our own:

Why is Psychological Inertia good?

Why is Psychological Inertia bad?

Effects of psycological inertia

If the ideal solution is outside of

(Teorija Reshenija Izobretatelskikh Zadach)

THEORY OF INVENTIVE PROBLEM SOLVING

TRIZ is based upon an exhaustive patent search conducted by

Patents (*) Key-Findings

TRIZ Tool? Method? Philosophy?

Each patent/innovation is characterized by a level of invention

Invent ion inside

Level of innovation Apparent/Conventional Improvement Invention inside Invention outside Discovery

There is repetition in the way people solve creative problems:

Innovation is not a random process, but is a function of a very

Systems evolve towards an Ideal Final Result

TRIZ Application Areas

Solve a specific immediate problem

tactical Failure analysis

TRIZ Innovatively optimize a technology

Accelerated decision commitment

TRIZ tools: 39 Engineering Parameters

1. Weight of moving object 21. Power

TRIZ tools: Contradictions

A contradiction arises when mutually exclusive demands are

The inventive problems can reveal two kinds of contradictions:

Physical contradictions are easier to be solved than technical

TRIZ tools: Phys.contradictions and separation

Physical contradictions can be solved applying one or more of the

Separation between parts and a whole

Separation upon condition

TRIZ tools: Tech.contradictions and inventive principles

Technical contradictions are solved by applying one or more of

TRIZ tools: Tech.contradictions and contradiction

TRIZ tools: 76 standard solutions

In some cases, the system has not contradictions but rather

TRIZ tools: IFR and Ideality

IFR is the imagined ultimate solution of the innovation process:

TRIZ tools: IFR and Ideality

TRIZ tools: Patterns of evolution

Engineering (technological) systems do not evolve randomly, but

These patterns can be revealed from the patent literature and

TRIZ tools: 8 Patterns of evolution

1. Technology follows a life cycle of birth, growth, maturity, decline.

TRIZ tools: New patterns of evolution