RESULTS AND CALCULATIONS

Table 1: Calibration data

Conductivity(mS)
Conversion(%) 1 2 3 Average
0.00 28.30 27.50 27.80 27.87
25.00 24.40 24.50 24.10 24.33
50.00 18.11 18.29 18.33 18.24
75.00 14.24 14.29 14.19 14.24
100.00 10.46 10.39 10.53 10.46

Table 2: Data for temperature of 60C

Concentration,
Time (s) Conductivity(mS) Conversion(%) /3 1/
0.00 28.01 7.47 0.09 10.81
5.00 22.60 34.59 0.07 15.29
10.00 23.80 28.57 0.07 14.00
15.00 19.90 48.12 0.05 19.28
20.00 19.10 52.13 0.05 20.89
25.00 22.00 37.59 0.06 16.02
30.00 21.80 38.60 0.06 16.29
35.00 22.70 34.09 0.07 15.17
40.00 21.30 41.10 0.06 16.98
45.00 21.10 42.11 0.06 17.27
50.00 20.40 45.61 0.05 18.39
55.00 20.10 47.12 0.05 18.91
60.00 20.10 47.12 0.05 18.91
65.00 19.80 48.62 0.05 19.46
70.00 19.80 48.62 0.05 19.46

Table 3: Data for temperature of 50C

Concentration,
Time (s) Conductivity(mS) Conversion(%) /3 1/
0.00 28.01 7.47 0.09 10.81
5.00 12.17 86.87 0.01 76.15
10.00 11.52 90.13 0.01 101.27
15.00 9.89 98.30 0.00 586.76
20.00 9.85 98.50 0.00 665.00
25.00 9.73 99.10 0.00 1108.33
30.00 9.71 99.20 0.00 1246.87
35.00 9.63 99.60 0.00 2493.75
40.00 9.65 99.50 0.00 1995.00
 45.00 9.35 101.00 0.00 -997.50
50.00 9.44 100.55 0.00 -1813.64
55.00 9.43 100.60 0.00 -1662.50
60.00 9.40 100.75 0.00 -1330.00
65.00 9.42 100.65 0.00 -1534.62
70.00 9.42 100.65 0.00 -1534.62

Table 4: Data for temperature of 40C

Concentration,
Time (s) Conductivity(mS) Conversion(%) /3 1/
0.00 28.01 7.47 0.09 10.81
5.00 24.40 25.56 0.07 13.43
10.00 22.20 36.59 0.06 15.77
15.00 26.70 14.04 0.09 11.63
20.00 24.80 23.56 0.08 13.08
25.00 24.00 27.57 0.07 13.81
30.00 28.60 4.51 0.10 10.47
35.00 23.40 30.58 0.07 14.40
40.00 22.80 33.58 0.07 15.06
45.00 21.90 38.10 0.06 16.15
50.00 21.80 38.60 0.06 16.29
55.00 21.30 41.10 0.06 16.98
60.00 21.00 42.61 0.06 17.42
65.00 19.48 50.23 0.05 20.09
70.00 19.27 51.28 0.05 20.52
75.00 19.08 52.23 0.05 20.93
80.00 18.89 53.18 0.05 21.36
85.00 18.50 55.14 0.04 22.29
90.00 18.31 56.09 0.04 22.77
95.00 18.24 56.44 0.04 22.96
100.00 18.07 57.29 0.04 23.42
105.00 18.07 57.29 0.04 23.42

Table 5: Data for temperature of 30C

Concentration,
Time (s) Conductivity(mS) Conversion(%) /3 1/
0.00 28.01 7.47 0.09 10.81
5.00 29.00 2.51 0.10 10.26
10.00 28.50 5.01 0.09 10.53
15.00 27.40 10.53 0.09 11.18
20.00 24.20 26.57 0.07 13.62
25.00 27.20 11.53 0.09 11.30
30.00 26.50 15.04 0.08 11.77
35.00 24.50 25.06 0.07 13.34
40.00 24.20 26.57 0.07 13.62
45.00 23.60 29.57 0.07 14.20
50.00 24.60 24.56 0.08 13.26
55.00 24.30 26.07 0.07 13.53
60.00 24.40 25.56 0.07 13.43
65.00 23.90 28.07 0.07 13.90
70.00 23.50 30.08 0.07 14.30
75.00 24.10 27.07 0.07 13.71
80.00 24.20 26.57 0.07 13.62
85.00 23.70 29.07 0.07 14.10
90.00 23.20 31.58 0.07 14.62
95.00 22.70 34.09 0.07 15.17
100.00 22.30 36.09 0.06 15.65
105.00 22.60 34.59 0.07 15.29
110.00 22.50 35.09 0.06 15.41
115.00 22.10 37.09 0.06 15.90

Calibration Curve
35.00

30.00

25.00

20.00 Conductivity(mS)

15.00
Linear
10.00 (Conductivity(mS))
y = -0.1995x + 29.5
5.00

0.00
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00

Figure 1: Calibration Curve

 Conversion (T=60C)
60.00

Conversion (%) 50.00

40.00

30.00 Conversion (T=60C)

20.00
Log. (Conversion
10.00 (T=60C))

0.00
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Time (s)

Figure 2(a): Conversion Graph for T=60C

1/Ca against Time (T=60C)

25.00
y = 0.0746x + 14.531
20.00

15.00
1/Ca

10.00 T=60
Linear (T=60)
5.00

0.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00
Time (s)

Figure 3(b): 1/Ca against time (T=60C)

 Conversion (T=50C)
120.00

Conversion (%) 100.00

80.00

60.00 Conversion (T=50C)

40.00
Log. (Conversion
20.00 (T=50C))

0.00
0 5 10152025303540455055606570
Time (s)

Figure 4(a): Conversion Graph for T=50C

1/Ca against Time (T=50C)

3000.00
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00 y = -33.954x + 1149.1
1000.00
1/Ca against Time
500.00
1/Ca

(T=50)
0.00
-500.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 Linear (1/Ca against
-1000.00 Time (T=50))
-1500.00
-2000.00
-2500.00
Time (s)

Figure 5(b): 1/Ca against time (T=50C)

 Conversion (T=40C)
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
Conversion (%)

30.00 Conversion (T=40C)

20.00 Log. (Conversion (T=40C))
10.00
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Time (s)

Figure 6(a): Conversion Graph for T=40C

1/Ca against Time (T=40C)

30.00

25.00 y = 0.1257x + 10.812

20.00
1/Ca

15.00 1/Ca against Time

(T=40)
10.00 Linear (1/Ca against
5.00 Time (T=40))

0.00
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00
Time (s)

Figure 7(b): 1/Ca against time (T=40C)

 Conversion (T=30C)
40.00
35.00
30.00
Conversion (%)

25.00
20.00
Conversion (T=30C)
15.00
Log. (Conversion (T=30C))
10.00
5.00
0.00
-5.00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Time (s)

Figure 8(a): Conversion Graph for T=30C

1/Ca against Time (T=30C)

18.00
16.00 y = 0.0425x + 10.992
14.00
12.00
10.00
1/Ca

1/Ca against Time

8.00 (T=30)
6.00
Linear (1/Ca against
4.00 Time (T=30))
2.00
0.00
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00
Time (s)

Figure 9(b): 1/Ca against time (T=30C)

Calculations:

To calculate the conversion:

From the calibration curve,

= 0.1995 + 29.5

= , %
After rearrange,

29.5
=
0.1995
T=60C, conductivity=22.60mS, time = 5s,

22.60 29.5
= = 34.59%
0.1995

To calculate concentration:

= 0 (1 )
100
34.59
= 0.1/3 (1 )
100

= 0.07/3