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This protection is often applied to transformers having impedance-grounded wye windings. The element may also be
applied to the stator winding of a generator having the neutral point grounded with a CT installed in the grounding path, or
the ground current obtained by external summation of the neutral-side stator CTs. The Typical Applications of RGF Protec-
tion diagram explains the basic application and wiring rules.
The relay automatically matches the CT ratios between the phase and ground CTs by re-scaling the ground CT to the
phase CT level. The restraining signal ensures stability of protection during CT saturation conditions and is produced as a
maximum value between three components related to zero, negative, and positive-sequence currents of the three phase
CTs as follows:
Irest max IR0 IR1 IR2 (EQ 5.40)
The zero-sequence component of the restraining signal (IR0) is meant to provide maximum restraint during external ground
faults, and therefore is calculated as a vectorial difference of the ground and neutral currents: