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Chapter 19
Accounting for Nongovernment Nonbusiness Organizations: Colleges and
Universities, Hospitals, and Other Healthcare Organizations
Multiple Choice
4. For a university, the receipt of assets for operating activities that have external restrictions as to the
purposes for which they can be used is recorded by crediting
a. Fund Balance-Restricted.
b. Contribution Revenue.
c. Deferred Revenue.
d. Net Assets Released.
6. When the donor has specified a particular date or event after which the principal of the Endowment
Fund may be expended, the Endowment Fund is referred to as a(n)
a. pure endowment fund.
b. term endowment fund.
c. quasi endowment fund.
d. expendable endowment fund.
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19-2 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
10. Resources of an unrestricted fund that are designated by the governing board for endowment
purposes are accounted for in the unrestricted fund by all NNOs except
a. voluntary health and welfare organizations.
b. hospitals.
c. colleges and universities.
d. other NNOs.
12. All of the following are a plant fund in colleges and universities except
a. unexpended plant fund.
b. funds for renewals and replacements.
c. investment in plant.
d. plant replacement and expansion fund.
13. Most property, plant and equipment transactions of hospitals are accounted for in the
a. fund for renewals and replacements.
b. general fund.
c. plant replacement and expansion fund.
d. unexpended plant fund.
14. All NNOs have current restricted funds and unrestricted funds except
a. colleges and universities
b. hospitals
c. VHWOs
d. ONNOs
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15. Tuition waivers for which there is no intention of collection from the student should be classified by
a college as:
Revenue Expenditures
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes Yes
d. Yes No
Unrestricted Restricted
Current Funds Current Funds
a. No No
b. No Yes
c. Yes Yes
d. Yes No
17. Under Newman Hospitals established rate structure, the hospital would have earned patient service
revenue of $7,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. However, Newman did not expect to
collect this amount because of charity allowances of $1,000,000 and discounts of $500,000 to third
party payers. In May 2011, Newman purchased bandages from Ace Supply Co. at a cost of $5,000.
However, Ace notified Newman that the invoice was being cancelled and that the bandages were
being donated to Newman.
For the year ended December 31, 2011, how much should Newman record as patient service
revenue?
a. $7,000,000
b. $6,500,000
c. $6,000,000
d. $5,500,000
18. Under Newman Hospitals established rate structure, the hospital would have earned patient service
revenue of $7,000,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. However, Newman did not expect to
collect this amount because of charity allowances of $1,000,000 and discounts of $500,000 to third
party payers. In May 2011, Newman purchased bandages from Ace Supply Co. at a cost of $5,000.
However, Ace notified Newman that the invoice was being cancelled and that the bandages were
being donated to Newman.
For the year ended December 31, 2011, Newman should record the donation of bandages as:
a. a $5,000 reduction in operating expenses.
b. nonoperating revenue of $5,000.
c. other operating revenue of $5,000.
d. a memorandum entry only.
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19-4 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
19. The following funds were among those on Cole University's books at April 30, 2011:
Funds to be used for acquisition of additional properties
for university purposes (unexpended at 4/30/11) $2,500,000
Funds set aside for debt service charges and for the
retirement of indebtedness on university properties 5,000,000
How much of the above-mentioned funds should be included in plant funds?
a. $0
b. $2,500,000
c. $5,000,000
d. $7,500,000
20. Which basis of accounting should a voluntary health and welfare organization use?
a. Cash basis for all funds
b. Modified accrual basis for all funds
c. Accrual basis for all funds
d. Accrual basis for some funds and modified accrual basis for other funds
21. Which one of the following statements is not required for NNOs?
a. statement of financial position
b. statement of cash flows
c. statement of changes in net assets
d. statement of activities
23. A good reason for NNOs to adopt fund accounting even though FASB standards do not require it is
because:
a. the capital assets are significant.
b. the donated services are significant.
c. the program services are involved with more than one type of revenue.
d. restrictions are placed by donors in many cases.
24. Which of the following groups of not-for-profit entities must use fund accounting to be in
conformity with GAAP?
Governmental Nongovernmental
a. Yes Yes
b. Yes No
c. No Yes
d. No No
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26. For the fall semester of 2011, Newton College assessed its students $5,000,000 for tuition and fees.
The net amount realized was only $4,700,000 because of the following revenue reductions:
Refunds occasioned by class cancellations and student withdrawals $ 80,000
Tuition remissions granted to faculty members families 20,000
Scholarships and fellowships 200,000
How much should Newton College report for the period for unrestricted current funds revenues
from tuition and fees?
a. $5,000,000
b. $4,900,000
c. $4,780,000
d. $4,700,000
27. During the years ending June 30, 2010, and June 30, 2011, Madison University conducted a cancer
research project financed by a $3,000,000 gift from an alumnus. This entire amount was pledged by
the donor on July 10, 2009, although he paid only $800,000 at that date. The gift was restricted to
the financing of this particular research project. During the two-year research period, Madison
related gift receipts and research expenditures were as follows:
How much gift revenue should Madison University report in the temporarily restricted column of its
statement of activities for the year ended June 30, 2011?
a. $3,000,000
b. $1,600,000
c. $1,200,000
d. $0
28. Bell Foundation, a voluntary health and welfare organization, supported by contributions from the
general public, included the following costs in its statement of functional expenses for the year
ended December 31, 2011.
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19-6 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
29. National Service Center is a voluntary welfare organization funded by contributions from the
general public. During 2010 unrestricted pledges of $800,000 were received, half of which were
payable in 2010 with the other half payable in 2011 for use in 2011. It was estimated that 10% of
these pledges would be uncollectible. How much should National report as net contribution revenue
for 2010 with respect to the pledges?
a. $800,000
b. $720,000
c. $360,000
d. $0
30. Cindy Duncan is a social worker on the staff of National Service Center, a voluntary welfare
organization. She earns $42,000 annually for a normal workload of 2,000 hours. During 2011 she
contributed an additional 800 hours of her time to National at no extra charge. How much should
National record in 2011 as contributed service expense?
a. $0
b. $1,680
c. $8,400
d. $16,800
Problems
19-1 The following events affected the Burlington University Loan Fund:
1. $300,000 is received from a donor to establish a student loan fund. Loans will carry a 6%
annual interest rate.
2. The Loan Fund loaned the $300,000 to students. Five percent of the loans are estimated to be
uncollectible.
Required:
Prepare the journal entries necessary to record these transactions.
19-2 On October 10, 2010, a national voluntary health help foundation was the recipient of a telethon
sponsored by a renowned celebrity. Phone donations totaling $8,500,000 were promised. Based on
historical information, 15% of these pledges are expected to be uncollectible. Of these pledges,
$7,100,000 were collected in 2011; the remainder were considered uncollectible.
Required:
Identify the proper fund and prepare the journal entries necessary in 2010 and 2011.
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19-4 An NNO obtained cash for the acquisition of property and equipment as follows:
Loan proceeds $200,000
Contributions $400,000
These funds are used to acquire land. In addition, $20,000 in principal and $2,000 in interest is paid
on indebtedness relating to property and equipment. Depreciation on property and equipment for the
year is $80,000.
Required:
Prepare all necessary entries in the affected funds of the NNO, assuming that the NNO is a:
a. Voluntary health and welfare organization.
b. University.
c. Hospital.
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19-8 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
19-5
The following information was taken from the accounts and records of the NSP Foundation, a private, not-
for-profit organization. All balances are as of June 30, 2011, unless otherwise noted.
The unrestricted support from contributions was received in cash during the year. The expenses included
$500,000 payable from donor-restricted resources.
Required:
Prepare NSPs statement of activities for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2011.
19-6
Christy Hospital received money from a donor to set up an endowment fund. The following information
pertains to this contribution:
2010
1. $3,000,000 was received to establish the fund. The requirements were
a. $150,000 of the endowment funds income must be used for research grants each year.
b. The remainder of income is under the discretion of the governing board.
c. The principal is expendable after the donors death. It shall be used to purchase equipment.
2. The cash received was invested in a number of securities.
2011
3. Dividends of $150,000 and interest of $400,000 were received.
4. The income was transferred to the appropriate funds.
5. Of the restricted income, only $100,000 was expended for its specified purpose during 2011.
6. The governing board specified that $300,000 of the income would be used for loans for deserving
medical students.
2012
7. $250,000 was lent to medical students.
8. The donor died of cancer.
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Required:
Set up headings for the following funds: Endowment, General, Specific Purpose, and Plant
Replacement and Expansion. Prepare the entries necessary in each fund to record the events listed
above.
19-7
The following events were recorded on the books of Denton Hospital for the year ended December 31, 2011.
1. Revenue from patient services totaled $12,000,000. The allowance for uncollectibles was
established at $2,500,000. Of the $12,000,000 revenue, $4,500 was recognized under cost
reimbursement agreements. This revenue is subject to audit and retroactive adjustment by third-
party payors.
2. Patient service revenue is accounted for at established rates on the accrual basis.
3. Other operating revenue totaled $260,000, of which $120,000 was from specific purpose funds.
4. Denton received $310,000 in unrestricted gifts and bequests. They are recorded at fair market value
when received.
5. Endowment funds earned $120,000 in unrestricted income.
6. Board designated funds earned $62,000 in income.
7. Dentons operating expenses for the year amounted to $10,030,000. This included $380,000 in
straight-line depreciation.
Required:
Prepare a statement of activities for Denton Hospital for the year ended December 31, 2011.
Short Answer
1. The fund structure and terminology differ among NNOS, but there are six funds commonly used.
Identify the funds used by nongovernment nonbusiness organizations.
2. Contributions to NNOS include gifts of cash, pledges, donated services, and gifts of noncash assets.
Explain how contributions are recorded by NNOS.
1. What authoritative body(s) is (are) responsible for establishing financial accounting standards for
NNOs?
3. NNOs distinguish between restricted and un restricted funds. Why is this distinction important?
4. What is the major difference in accounting for the general fund of a hospital and the unrestricted
fund of other NNOs?
5. What is the major difference in accounting between conditional and unconditional pledges? Give an
example of each.
6. What is the relationship (if any) between board-designated funds and nonmandatory transfers?
7. May board designated funds ever be accounted for in the unrestricted current fund? Explain.
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19-10 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
9. The donated services of volunteer workers on fundraising campaigns are usually not given ac-
counting recognition. Why?
10. Universities and hospitals often reduce their standard service charge to students or patients. How are
these reductions reflected in the statements of revenue and expenses of these organizations?
Explain.
11. What fund is used to account for the library books owned by a university? How should depreciation
of the library books be reflected in the financial statements of the university?
12. In which fund of a hospital are medical equipment and related longterm obligations recorded?
Would your answer be the same for a voluntary health and welfare organization? Explain.
13. What capital assets (if any) of ONNOs need not be depreciated?
14. Identify three different types of endowment funds and explain how they differ.
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ANSWER KEY
Multiple Choice
Problems
3. Cash 53,000
Loans Receivable 50,000
Interest Income 3,000
2011
Cash 7,100,000
Pledges Receivable 7,100,000
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19-12 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
3. General Fund
Fund Balance Unallocated 280,000
Fund Balance Allocated for Plant
Expansion 280,000
or no entry need be made and the designation of $280,000 for plant expansion may be
reported in a footnote to the financial statements.
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b. General Fund
Research Expenditures 90,000
Specific Purpose Grants [Revenue] 90,000
Land 600,000
Cash 600,000
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19-14 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
Land 600,000
Cash 600,000
General Fund
Cash 200,000
Notes Payable 200,000
Land 600,000
Cash 200,000
Fund Balance 400,000
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General Fund
Interest Expense 2,000
Notes Payable 20,000
Cash 22,000
Depreciation Expense 80,000
Accumulated Depreciation 80,000
19-5
NSP Foundation
Statement of Activities
For the Year Ended June 30, 2011
Expenses:
Program Services:
Scholarships 300,000
Supporting Services:
Management and General $120,000
Fund Raising 60,000
Total Supporting Services 180,000
Total Expenses 480,000
Net increase in unrestricted net assets 298,000
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19-16 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
19-6
Endowment Fund
1. Cash 3,000,000
Revenue-Contribution Restricted 3,000,000
2. Investments 3,000,000
Cash 3,000,000
3. Cash 550,000
Due to General Fund 400,000
Due to Specific Purpose Fund 150,000
General Fund
3. Due from Endowment Fund 400,000
Unrestricted Income from Endowment Fund 400,000
4. Cash 400,000
Due from Endowment Fund 400,000
4. Cash 150,000
Due from Endowment Fund 150,000
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Endowment Fund
1. Fund Balance Term 3,000,000
Cash 3,000,000
19-7
Statement of Activities
Patient Service Revenue $12,000,000
Allowances and Uncollectible Accounts (2,500,000)
Net Patient Service Revenue 9,500,000
Other Operating Revenue (includes $120,000 from specific purpose funds) 260,000
Total Operating Revenue 9,760,000
Short Answer
1. The six funds commonly used by NNOs are (a) Current fund, (b) Plant fund, (c) Endowment Fund, (d)
Loan Fund, (e) Agency or custodial fund, and (f ) Annuity and life income fund.
2. Contributions are recognized as revenue in the period received. Conditional promises are recognized
when they become unconditional. Donor-restricted contributions are recognized as revenue if the
contributions are unconditional. Pledges are recognized as revenues at the present value of the expected
receipts when a promise is nonrevocable and unconditional.
1. In 1979, the FASB took the responsibility for establishing financial accounting and reporting
standards for NNOs. Support for existing accounting and reporting practices is also contained in
Audit Guides and Statements of Position published by the AICPA.
2. NNOs use fund accounting because in many cases their resources are restricted by law, contract,
donors, other external authorities, or the organization's governing board. Fund accounting
facilitates compliance with such restrictions.
3. NNOs need to distinguish between restricted and unrestricted funds in order to separate resources
that may be used at the discretion of the governing board and those which have restrictions.
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19-18 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
Resources not found in the unrestricted funds have contractual, external, legal, or discretionary
restrictions.
4. Unlike other NNOs, hospitals combine their revenues from unrestricted resources and restricted
resources in the General Fund accounts and financial statements. In addition, hospitals account for
property and equipment, accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense, and long-term
obligations associated with the acquisition of property and equipment in the General Fund whereas
other NNOS account for these assets and liabilities in Plant Funds.
5. Unconditional pledges are recorded as revenues while conditional pledges are not recorded until
they become unconditional. An example of unconditional pledges is when a donor makes a
nonrevocable offer to give one million dollars to a hospital. An example of conditional pledges is
when a donor offers to contribute one million dollars if the hospital receives less than ten million
dollars from government funding in the next fiscal year.
6. Nonmandatory transfers are transfers by Colleges and Universities of Board Designated Funds
from the resources of the Unrestricted Current Fund to Quasi-Endowment, Loan, Plant or other
funds maintained by the College or University.
7. Yes, board designated funds should be accounted for in the Unrestricted Current Fund (General
Fund of a hospital). The procedure for formal recognition of such designations in the Unrestricted
Current Fund by NNO's other than hospitals is similar to an appropriation of retained earnings.
Hospitals classify resources that have been designated by the board for a specific use in a separate
section of the Statement of Financial Position of the General Fund entitled Assets Whose Use is
Limited.
8. Prior to the effective date of SFAS No. 116, donated services were recorded under different
circumstances for each of the NNOs.
The necessary conditions to be met for each NNO were
Colleges:
When operated by a religious group, donated services rendered by members of the religious
group should be recorded at their monetary values.
Hospitals:
(1) The organization controls the employment and duties of the persons donating the service
and
(2) The organization has a clearly measurable basis for determining the amount of revenue and
expenses to be recorded.
VHWOs:
(1) and (2) from above and
(3) The services performed are significant and form an integral part of the efforts of the
organization and the services would be performed by salaried personnel if the donated services
were not available.
ONNOs:
(1), (2), (3), from above and
(4) The services of the reporting organization are not principally intended for the benefit of its
members.
Under the provisions of SFAS NO. 116, donated services are recognized by all NNOs only if the
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services received (a) create or enhance nonfinancial assets or (b) require professional skills, are
provided by individuals possessing those skills, and typically would need to be purchased if not
provided by donation. The provisions of SFAS 116 are effective for financial statements issued by
larger NNOs for years beginning after December 15, 1994. Thus, in terms of annual financial
statements, these changes will appear in financial statements distributed beginning in 1996 by
larger NNOs and in 1997 by smaller NNOs.
9. Voluntary services rendered for fund raising campaigns are usually not recognized in the
accounting records because of the difficulty of measuring a market value for them and because it is
extremely difficult for the organization to implement effective controls over the performance of
volunteer solicitors.
10. The revenue is recorded at the standard rate and any waivers or discounts are reported separately
as expenditures or as reductions of gross revenue.
11. Library books owned by a university are accounted for in the Plant Fund. Depreciation expense
should be recorded in the investment in plant fund. Note, prior to the issuance of SFAS No. 97 by
the FASB, colleges and universities were not required to record depreciation expense.
12. Medical equipment and long-term obligations are accounted for in the General Fund of a hospital.
VHWOS would use a Plant Fund to account for such equipment and the related obligation.
13. ONNOs need not record depreciation on historical treasures and works of art that have estimated
useful lives that are extraordinarily long. To qualify, such assets must have cultural, historical or
aesthetic value that is worth preserving perpetually and the holder must have the financial and
technological ability to protect and preserve the asset.
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19-20 Test Bank to accompany Jeter and Chaney Advanced Accounting 3rd Edition
14. (1) Pure Endowment Fund - the principal is donated and must be maintained in perpetuity.
(2) Term Endowment Fund - the donor specifies a particular date or event after which the
principal may be expended.
(3) Quasi-Endowment Fund - board designated resources that are transferred from the Unrestricted
Current Fund by a college or university. Maintenance or expenditure of the principal is at the
discretion of the governing board.
15. The difference between an Annuity Fund and a Life Income Fund is that under an Annuity Fund,
the beneficiary receives periodic payments of a stated amount while the beneficiary of a Life
Income Fund receives periodic payments of varying amounts (depending on the fund's earnings).
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