C-TD - LM - Module 3 - Architecural Layout & Details

Content Standard Performance Standard
The learner demonstrates The learner independently

understanding of concepts and prepares architectural layout and
underlying principles in the details based on established
preparation of architectural layout industry and/or job requirements.
and details.
Quarter I Time Allotment: 24 hrs.

Quarter II Time Allotment: 40 hrs.
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Module 3
DRAFTING ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT AND DETAILS
Introduction
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) of the K to 12 Basic

Education Program (BEP) is composed of four components namely: Agri-
Fishery Arts, Home Economics, Industrial Arts, and Information and
Communication Technology (ICT). In this module, the focus is on ICT -
Architectural Layout and Details.
This course introduces the different learning activities that will

prepare you to be skillful before you take the plunge into the world of work
as draftsman and to feel more confident while providing technical support
where needed.
This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery

enriched with hands-on activities that will assess your level in terms of skills
and knowledge. Learning procedures are divided into different sections
such as: What to Know, What to Process, What to Reflect and
Understand and What to Transfer
So, explore and experience the lessons in Architectural Layout and

Details and be a step closer to being a draftsman.
Objectives:
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
plan and prepare for work
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prepare and set up tools and materials for drawing
draft site development plan
draft floor plans
draft roof plans
draft ceiling plans
draft elevations and sections
perform presentation drawings
*****
At this point, you are

heading into meaningful
activities and learning
encounters. Complete the
exercises and answer the
suggested worksheets to
experience lifelong, practical
learning that awaits at the end
of this module.
ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY!
Pre- assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior knowledge and
previous experiences about Technical Drafting. This phase will guide you in
assessing yourself by answering the questions below, before you further
explore the basics of architectural layout and details.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the
space provided before each number.
_____ 1. A drawing tool used to draw horizontal lines and serves as guide
for triangles in drawing vertical and inclined lines.
a. protractor b. ruler c. triangles d. T-square
_____ 2. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
a. protractor b. ruler c. tape rule d. triangles
_____ 3. The best instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal
parts.
a. compass b. divider c. protractor d. ruler
_____ 4. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols which is used as guide
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for drawing images on plans.
a. French curve b. templates c. triangles d. T-square
_____ 5. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
_____ 6. An area of land for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed.
a. corner lot b. open lot c. site d. through lot
_____ 7. It is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
a. corner lot b. inside lot c. open lot d. through lot
_____ 8. It is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting at the corner
made at the juncture of two streets.
_____ 9. It is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
_____10. Refers to the restrictions on size, location, and type of structures
to be built on a designated area.
a. building code b. set back c. site d. zoning
_____11. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be
built.
a. floor plan c. location plan
b. foundation plan d. roof plan
_____12. Shows the design of the house, height dimension, material finish,
and complete information and specification.
a. elevation b. perspective c. roof d. section
_____13. Shows the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating
ridges, valleys, hips, and openings.
a. ceiling plan c. foundation plan
b. floor plan d. roof plan
.
_____14. The structural excavation plan of footings and walls of the
building.
a. ceiling plan c. foundation plan
b. floor plan d. roof plan
_____15. A part of the foundation directly supporting the column or post of
a house.
a. beams b. footings c. lintels d. roofs
_____16. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.
a. bathroom b. dining area c. kitchen d. foyer
_____17. It is the center of the living area in most home.
a. bedroom c. kitchen room
b. dining room d. living room
_____18. They are overhang roof lines in the form of hidden lines in a floor
plan.
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a. canopy b. dormer c. eave line d. shed line
_____19. The drawing of flow of water in the house from the main source.
a. plumbing plan c. water system plan
b. sewage system plan d. water and sewage system plan
_____20. A plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
a. auxiliary layout c. electrical plan
b. lighting layout d. power layout
Learning Goals and Targets:

After reading the introduction and carefully answering the pre-
assessment skills test, you might have ideas of what to expect in this
module. Now prepare to set your goals and targets for this module by
completing the activity below.Write your answer in your notebook.
My goals are:
Goal 4
Goal 3
Goal 2
Goal 1
My targets are:
Target 1
Target 2
Target 3
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After raising your awareness about the learning goals and targets
that you are supposed to achieve, are you now ready to move on with this
module? This will include topics on the preparation of architectural job
requirements, preparing and setting up tools and materials, drafting different
plans such as: site development plan, floor plan, roof plan, ceiling plan,
drafting elevations and sections and performing presentation drawings.
Well, the lessons, activities and enrichment activities for your

reflection and better understanding of the lesson. Challenge yourself by
performing related activities to determine if you have attained the required
knowledge and skills of a particular learning outcome.
Lesson 1. Prepare Architectural Job Requirements
This lesson is designed in order that the student may be able to

prepare and familiarize himself/herself with the different things needed in
preparing the requirements of a simple residential house plan.
Skills Assessment
Direction: Listed below are some of the most important skills that you must
gain in order to draft a quality floor plan. The right side of the matrix lists the
skills expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking Not much, if
you are not so familiar yet, A little and/or A lot, if you are already familiar
with the skills. Dont feel badly if you checked Not Much in all of the skills.
Keep in mind that this is being administered to determine your pre-entry
knowledge of, and skills for the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Architectural Job Requirements Not A A

Much Little Lot
I can prepare tools, materials and equipment
in technical drawing.
I can select drawing tools, materials and
equipment in accordance with the Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs).
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I know how to assess architectural job
requirements based on Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs).
I know how to interpret blueprint according to
architectural layout drawing/job requirements
following Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs) and work instructions.
Technical Terms Encountered in Preparing Architectural Job

Requirements
Baluster Detail - the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or

balcony railing.
Column/Footing/Beam Schedule - a complete specification of column,

footings, and beam in terms of sizes, materials, and quantity.
Construction Notes - a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels,

beams, and other required structural features to present in the plan.
Electrical Plan - a plan that consists of lighting plan, power layout, and
specification details of the house.
Foundation Plan - a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of

a building.
Floor Plan - the top view of the floor area of a house.
Footings - a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of

a house.
General Notes - a complete specification and legend of structural

features presented in the plan.
Lighting layout - an electrical plan that shows the flow of house

lightings.
Location Plan - the top view of the site or lot where the proposed house
will be built.
Perspective - is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is

viewed.
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Power & Auxiliary layout - an electrical plan that shows the location of
the convenience outlet and other auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
Reflected Ceiling Plan - the complete design plan of house ceiling.
Roof Plan - is a plan showing the outline of the roof and the major object.
Roof Framing Plan - a structural framing plan of the roof plan with
complete specifications.
Section - the view showing the inside part of the building either in cross-
section or longitudinal section.
Site Development Plan or Lot Plan - refers to the position and the
location of the building with property line, setbacks, approaches, grade
contours, landscape, and other pertinent data in relation to the site.
Septic Tank - it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage

reservoir for all washing done in the kitchen and bathroom.
Storm Drainage System - shows the flow of water waste from the
lavatory, floor drain, and downspout from the roof to storm drainage.
Truss Detail - a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss

of a building.
Architectural Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment, Their Uses and

Care
Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and

mechanical drawings. In this module, you will learn how to prepare all
drafting tools, materials, and equipment needed for the job.
It is presumed that all students like you are already aware of the tools
and materials needed in drafting works, considering your learning in the
previous year level. However, it is still necessary that you review the past
lesson to help you prepare for higher drafting activity.
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Architectural drafting tools, materials and equipment
A. Tools:
1. T-square - used to draw horizontal lines and serves as a guide for
triangles.
2. Triangle - an instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.
3. Drawing Pencil - one of the most important tools of a draftsman in
drawing.
4. Erasing shield - a thin sheet of metal used when erasing pencil and
inked lines to protect other drawing lines.
5. Protractor - it is used in setting a line degree angle.
6. Triangular Scale - a tool used to enlarge or reduce measurement
and distances to a regular proportion in the drawing paper.
7. French curve - a flat drafting instrument with curved edges and
several scroll shaped cutouts, used as a guide in drawing irregular
curves when constructing graphs or making technical drawings.
8. Penknife or Pencil Sharpener shapes long pencil lead into a conical
shape points.
9. Compass - used to draw arcs and circles.
10. Dusting brush a tool used for dusting and cleaning drawings with
dust and crumbs.
11. Technical Pen - a pen used for inking lines in drawing. It comes in
different points/sizes.
12. Templates - a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols which is
used as guide for drawing architectural images on plans.
13. Ruler - it is the most popular type of tool for measuring sizes and
short distances.
14. Divider - an instrument used when transferring measurements,
dividing lines or arcs into the desired number of equal parts.
B. Materials:
1. Tracing paper - thin transparent paper used for reproduction in
blueprint.
2. Masking tape - used to hold and fasten drawing paper on the drawing
board.
3. Eraser - used to remove smears of pencil and ink lines
4. Sandpaper Block - serves as substitute instrument in sharpening a
pencil into desired points.
C. Equipment:
1. Drawing board/table a board made of soft wood but with cleats of
hard wood where the drawing paper is fastened with a draftsmans
tape.
2. Drawing stool - a basic tool in drafting used to give some height for
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the drafting table on to the user when drawing on the drafting table.
3. Drafting machine - a high technology machine for drawing purposes.
How did you find the given information? Which among the
architectural drafting tools, materials, and equipment matters to you most?
Well, you are just starting. Move forward to enrich your understanding.
The importance, uses, and maintenance procedure of these tools,

materials and equipment have been discussed in the previous module in
Grade 7 or Grade 8 (Exploratory Phase). It is presumed therefore, that you
are now ready for a series of drafting activities.
Suggested Activity 1
Directions: Below are sample pictures of different drafting tools, materials,

and equipment required in the preparation of architectural layout and details.
Name the tool, materials, or equipment based on the specific tasks by
writing it on the space provided.
Tasks/Uses Drafting Tool Equipment

Used when drawing horizontal
lines and support triangles
when drawing vertical lines
Used to enlarge or reduce
measurement and distances to
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a regular proportion in the
drawing paper
A flat piece of plastic with
standard symbols used as
guide for drawing architectural
images on plans
Used for drawing arcs and
circles
Used when removing/cleaning
excess construction lines and
smudges in a drawing
Used when drawing vertical and
oblique lines
Note: Please compare your answer with those in the answer key. How did
you find the given activities? Did you enjoy doing these? Did you find these
hard? Challenge yourself by giving your best in each activity.
Architectural Working Drawings
The architectural working drawings together with the specifications,

are the most important parts of a working plan. Information on the designs,
locations, and dimensions of the elements of a building is found on the
architectural working drawings while information on the quality of materials
and sizes is found in the specifications. A good architectural working
drawing gives the contractor the exact information he needs. Therefore, it
must be made clear, simple, must orderly arranged, and accurately drawn
so that scaled measurements will match the actual structure.
The finished drawings made by the architect or a draftsman and used

by the contractor are called architectural working drawings. The
architectural working drawings, together with the specifications and the
general conditions, form the legal contract between the owner and the
contractor. Since working drawings are the major portion of the contract
documents, they should be accurately drawn.
As beginner, it is important that you should be able to understand,

identify tools, and materials used in working drawings and fully understand
the standard procedure in lay-outing and detailing architectural working
plans and drawings.
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Elements of Architectural Working Drawing
1. Architectural sheets:
A. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior Perspective, Site Development

Plan or
Plot Plan, and Vicinity Map or Location Plan is often included in the plan).
Perspective
A graphic representation of the view as seen by the eyes, it shows

the appearance of the finished building. This drawing represents the actual,
in three-dimensional form of the proposed building. (See sample
perspective below).
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Site Development Plan
Site Development Plan is the outline and measurements of the

proposed building and its placement on the property. This shows the
position and the location of the building with property line, setbacks,
approaches, grade contours, landscape, and other pertinent data in relation
to the site. A site development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than
1:200 meters so that other features found in the plan will not be greatly
affected.
Sample Site Development Plan
Location Plan
The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be built.
It shows the position of the house inside the lot, the number of the adjacent
lots, streets or lanes before or beside the lot, and the North sign. The
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location plan is usually located near the title block. The main line symbol of
the North sign is generally parallel to the side border line of the drawing
paper and points upward.
Sample Location Map
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Sheet # 1 Perspective View, Site Development Plan and Location Plan:
Title Block in House Plan

The title block in house plans includes the following information:
1. Owners name
2. Location or address of the proposed house
3. Lot and block numbers
4. Signature of architect for architectural plans, structural
engineer for structural plans, PEE for electrical plans,
PME for mechanical plans who approves the plan
5. Draftsmans name or initials
6. Date when plan was drawn or completed
7. Table of Contents
8. Scale as shown (See title block in sheet #1)
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Directions: Given drawing paper (as provided by the teacher), draw a

simple proposed Location Plan and Site Development Plan. Observe
border line and title block. Use the given scoring rubrics below for your
assessment.
Product Scoring Rubrics

Name: _________________ Date: ________________
Year & Section: __________ Teacher: _____________
Directions: Below is a tool for evaluating your finished drawing of location

plan and site development plan. Assess yourself using the criteria and
rating scale listed below for grading purposes.
Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 point
Accuracy The pictorial The pictorial The pictorial

view was drawn view was view was NOT
according to somehow drawn drawn
standard according to according to
standard standard
Line Technique/ Application of At least three More than three
Application (all) various lines were used lines were used
lines was inappropriately inappropriately
appropriately
done
Neatness Finished output Erasures/ Finished output
was neatly smudges are has many
done, no visible observable on erasures/
erasures/ the finished smudges
smudges output
Time Finished the Finished the task Unable to finish
Management task 10 min. on time the given task
before the
given time
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Rating Scale:
Points Earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
12 15 91 100 Very Good

8 11 86 90 Good
47 81 85 Fair
1-3 75 - 80 Needs Improvement
Teachers Comments:
Teachers Signature: _____________________ Date:

_____________
Floor Plan
This is the top view of the floor area of a house. The cutting plane
line for this top view passes between the upper and lower window sills. It
represents the arrangement of rooms, doors, windows, and other features
located in the floor plan.
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Elevation
The front or side view of a building, it shows the design of the house,
height dimension; materials finish, and complete information on
specification.
M.
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Section
Section drawings are prepared for interior details needed to guide

construction. The view showing the inside part of the building or a house
either in cross section or longitudinal section.
Refer to the floor plan below the path indicated by the cutting plane
line the location of the sectional portion of the house.
Sample Cross Section

(Section B-B)
B
B B
M
...
Sample Longitudinal Section

(Section A-A)
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5750
3000 2750
5750
3000 2750
50
M.
M.
Floor Plan, Elevation, and Section Plan
Roof Plan
Showing the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating
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C-Purlins
Facia
Board
M.
Reflected Ceiling Plan
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Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead interior
surface of a room.
Sample Ceiling Plan
Baluster Detail
The detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing.

Railing can either made of steel baluster, ceramic baluster, free-cast
baluster, wooden baluster etc.
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Specifications:
Recommended span: 48 center to center between posts (60 max.)

Handrail: 2 dia. 16 gauge 316 grade stainless steel tubing
Posts: 2 dia. 16 gauge 316 grade stainless steel tubing
Top and bottom rails are secured to posts using 316 grade cast stainless
steel fittings
Infill: dia. x 18 gauge 316 grade stainless steel vertical baluster
Sample Baluster Design
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D. Sheet # 3 - Roof Framing Plan, Truss Diagram, Truss Connection Details
and Construction Notes
E. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of Kitchen, and Detail

of Toilet and Bath
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Doors and Window Schedule
This is a complete specification of doors and windows in terms of

width, height, types, materials and quantity.
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Kitchen Detail
A drawing of the kitchen floor plan with complete specifications.
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Toilet and Bath Detail
A drawing of a toilet and bath floor plan that shows complete features.
Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Staircase Details, and Stairways

Elevation.
Here is the list of architectural terms and their abbreviations commonly

used in technical drafting preparations. You are going to come across these
terms so familiarize yourself with each.
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Architectural Abbreviations:
Abbrev Terms Abbrev Terms Abbrev Terms

. . .
@ At CORR CORRUGAT LAV LAVATOR

ED Y
BALC BALCONY DR DINING LR LIVING

ROOM ROOM
B BATH DN DOWN MBR MASTER

ROOM BEDROO
M
BR BED DS DOWN M METER

ROOM SPOUT
B.W. BOTH ELEV. ELEVATION MM MILIMETE

WAYS R
BLDG BUILDING FFL FINISH NTS NOT TO

FLOOR SCALE
LINE
BLT-IN BUILT-IN FGL FINISH OC ON

GROUND CENTER
LINE
CAB CABINET FLR FLOOR SEC. SECTION
CL CEILING FL FLOOR T&B TOILET &

LINE LINE BATH
CEM CEMENT GL GROUND VERT. VERTICAL

LINE
CHB CONCRE K KITCHEN

TE
HOLLOW
BLOCK
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Architectural Symbols
Knowing the architectural symbols is a prerequisite for all students in

architecture and drafting technology program. It would be difficult for you to
interpret drawings or blueprints unless you are familiar with the symbols.
The following illustrations are the architectural symbols:
a. Doors and windows symbols that are shown in the floor plan.
b. Symbols of doors and windows that are used to represent their existence
on floor plans and elevation drawings.
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Sample Door and Window Symbols
c. Door, window, and staircase symbols that are shown in the elevation
plans.
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F. Sheets Nos. 5 & 6 Contain Foundation Plan, Roof Framing Plan, Truss
Detail, and Column/Footing/Beam Schedules
Structural Plans
The following terminologies are used on structural plans. Be familiar

with them and look forward to meeting them.
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Foundation Plan - A structural excavation plan of footings and walls of a
building. It is the part of the building below the surface of the ground, which
is sometimes called the substructure.
Sample Foundation Plan M
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Roof Framing Plan - A structural framing plan of the roof plan with complete
specifications.
M.
Truss Detail - A complete structural detail of a common or typical truss of a
building either wooden or steel.
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Column/Footing/Beam Schedule - A complete specification of columns,
footings, and beams in terms of sizes, materials, and quantity.
M.
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Column, Footings, and Beams
Footings
A part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of a house.
A detail drawing of building footings with specific requirements.
Footings
Construction Notes - A sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels, beams,

and other required structural features present in the plan.
General Notes - A complete specification and legend of structural features

presented in the plan.
Sample Construction Notes
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G. Sheet # 5 - Foundation plan, Detail of Footings, Truss Detail, and
Column/Footing/Beam Schedules
H. Sheet # 6 - Roof Framing Plan, Construction Notes, and General Notes
Plumbing Plan/Layout
Plumbing Plan
The complete drawing detail of water and sewerage distribution.
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Water System Plan
The drawing of flow of water in the house from main water source.
Water coming from the lavatory, bath tubs and floor drain goes to the main
canal while water from the toilet bowl goes to the septic tank.
Sewage System Plan

The drawing flow of sewage from the house to main canal and septic
tank.
Septic Tank
It is the depository of human excreta and a drainage reservoir for all

washing done in the kitchen and bathroom. The main section of the septic
tank is the digestive chamber and the leaching well.
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I. Sheet # 8 - Septic Tank Detail
Storm Drainage System
Shows the flow of water waste from the lavatory, floor drain, and
downspout from roof to storm drainage.
J. Sheets # 7/8 -Water and Sewage System Plan
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Electrical Plan
This is a plan that consists of lighting plan, power layout, schedule of
loads, and specification details of the house.
Lighting Layout - This is an electrical plan that shows the flow of house
lightings.
Power & Auxiliary Layout

An electrical plan shows the flow of convenience outlet and other
auxiliary outlet in the floor plan.
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Sheet # 9 Contains the following working plans: Lighting Layout, Power
and Auxiliary Layout, Location Plan, Panel Board Detail, Load Schedules,
and Specifications
Electrical Symbols are small drawings or pictograms, used to represent

various electrical devices in a diagram or plan of an electrical circuit. These
symbols are used in sketching schematic diagrams for numerous types of
electrical works.
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Electrical Symbols and Abbreviations Used in wiring plan and
diagram:
ACU Air-Conditioning Unit

Weather Proof Outlet WP
M Meter
MAIN DISTRIBUTION PANEL HOMERUN / CIRCUIT
Other Electrical Symbols
Symbol Description Symbol Description

Conductor/Wire Ammeter
Terminal Voltmeter
Switch Galvanometer
Fuse Wattmeter
Connected Wires Wires Not

Connected
Circuit Breaker Push Button
Directions: Identify the different electrical symbols that you can find in the
given sample electrical plan. Determine the number of circuits found in the
plan. Explain the importance of every lighting fixture in relation to the circuit.
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Note: You are going to evaluate your answers according to the following
criteria:
a. Identification of electrical symbols from the given plan40%

b. Presentation30%
c. Content.30%
How did you find this activity? Did you enjoy answering it? Is it
difficult? Were you challenged? After having a series of blueprint readings
and knowing different architectural terms, it is now the time to assess
yourself how far is your understanding about the different topics. Give your
honest answer to the given evaluation below. Good luck!!
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Summative Assessment: Lesson 1
4. A-Directions. Identify what is referred to in each number and write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.
______1. A drawing sheet that contains perspective, site development title,

page, and sheet index.
______2. A drawing of the lot showing the setback and development of the
house in relation to the lot.
______3. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be
built.
______4. Generally includes title block, table of contents, and labels for
signs and seals of the duly licensed and registered
professionals named in the plans.
______5. A complete specification of doors and windows in terms of width,

height, types, materials, and quantity.
4. B-Direction: Give the term of the following architectural abbreviations:

1. ELEV._______________ 6. FLR. _______________
2. FFL. _______________ 7. GL. _______________
3. DN _______________ 8. NTS ______________
4. O.C. _______________ 9. FL _______________
5. CHB _______________ 10. @ _______________
4. C-Direction: Draw the following architectural symbols of doors and

window:
Requirements Drawing Requirements Drawing
6. Sliding Door
1. Interior Door
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2. Folding Door 7. Bay Window
3. Swing Door 8. Double

Window
4. Accordion 9. Sliding
Door Window
5. Double Door 10.Arched

Opening
4. D Give at least 2 specifications found in the roof plan, 4 features in

sections, and 2 features from reflected ceiling plan. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
4. E Give at least three (3) specification features in drawing doors and

windows schedule, three (3) main features in kitchen detail, and four
(4) features from toilet and bath details.
4. F Give at least five (5) specification in foundation plan, five (5) features
in roof framing plan, and five (5) features from truss detailing, and five
(5) features in column/ footings/ beam schedules. Write your answers
Now check your answer using the answer key. If you got 90-100% of the
items correctly, proceed to the next learning topic. If not, do the next
activities again to gain knowledge and skills required for mastery. Good
luck!!
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Lesson 2: Prepare and Set-up Tools and Materials for Drawing
This lesson is designed to familiarize students with the different tools,

materials, and equipment needed in technical drawing.
Skills Assessment
you are not so familiar yet, A little, and/or A lot, if you are already familiar
knowledge of and skills in the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Preparing and Setting-up Tools Not A A

and Materials for Drawing Much Little Lot
I know how to observe Occupational Health and

Safety policies and procedures in setting-up tools
and materials for drawing
I know how to prepare drawing tools, materials,
and equipment based on the job requirements.
I can set-up tools, materials, and equipment
based on the job requirements.
Technical Terms Encountered In Preparing and Setting-Up Tools and

Materials for Drawing
Drawing Tools - are instruments used as guide in drawing processes.
Drawing Materials - are the consumable drawing items such as drawing

paper, masking tape, eraser, etc.
Drawing Equipment - the instruments, attachments, and other equipment

used to make mechanical drawings.
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The Importance of Drawing Tools, Materials, and Equipment
This lesson is only a review of what you had learned in your

exploratory phase in technical drawing particularly on the proper use and
care of drawing tools, materials and equipment. The purpose of this
discussion is to allow you to review and recall its importance in Drafting
Technology work.
A. Drawing/Drafting Tools
These refer to the sets of tools that are used in all drafting works or
activities especially if the activity requires mechanical presentation. Prior to
the start of drafting activity, it is expected therefore that all drawing tools
needed must be available in the work station to ensure that the assigned
task can be accomplished according job specifications.
The following are the common drafting tools:
1. Drafting Table/Drawing Board (24 x 36 /0.61cm x 0.91cm)

2. T-square (36 /0.915 cm. length)
3. Triangles -300 x 600 and 400 x 450 (@ least 0.30 each length)
4. Triangular Scale 1:100, 1:75 in range
5. Technical Pens/G-Tech pen/Pilot pen (From point: 0.0, 0.1, 0.2,
0.3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0)
6. Mechanical pencil point 0.3, 0.5
7. Pencil Sharpener or Pen knife
8. Drawing Templates Circular templates, Furniture template, Ellipse
template,
9. Protractor (medium size)
10. Dusting Brush
11. Sand paper pad (fabricated fine coarse sand paper attached to wood
or board pad)
12. Erasing shield
13. Pull-push rule
B. Drawing/Drafting Materials
These are sets of consumable items that are specifically used in

drafting works or activities. The draftsman cannot perform his drafting task
without these items.
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The following are the required materials needed in drafting works:
1. Bond Paper (short and Long)

2. Tracing paper
3. A3 drawing paper
4. Drawing pencil HB, F, 2H
5. Pen and Ink Eraser
6. Masking Tape
7. Ink (Steadler/Rotring/Faber Castell brands)
8. Cartolina
C. Equipment
These items are also essential in producing quality drafting output

especially if the assigned task requires mechanical manipulation. Although
these items are so expensive, however, these are important in making the
drawing output presentable and convincing to the clients.
The following are some of the equipment needed in drafting tasks:

1. Drafting machine
2. Leroy Lettering Pen
3. Computer
Direction. Identify the drawing tools, materials, and equipment needed in

performing the different job or tasks. Write the answer on a separate sheet
of paper.
A. Five most common tools in drafting architectural layout and details.

1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
B. Four most needed materials in architectural layout and details.

1. 4.
2. 5.
3.
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C. List three important equipment needed in lay-outing architectural details
1.
2.
3.
Procedure in Setting up Drawing Tools, Materials, and Equipment, and

Standard Operating Procedure
In preparation for the required task of drawing architectural layout

and details, a draftsman should analyze the job order, prepare, and select
tools and materials for the task. This is to ensure the correct setting of
standard procedure and accuracy of drawing plans. Some of the key tools
used in drafting architectural plans are described and illustrated in this
learning Outcome.
The drawing tools, materials and equipment are very expensive

items, however these are important in all drafting tasks. Considering their
cost and value in drafting activity, it is also important to take care of, and
maintain their functionality.
You are required to adhere to standard operating procedure in

keeping them safe, and functional during and after each use.
A. Before the start of the drafting activity: Setting-up of drafting tools,

materials, and equipment:
1. Select the tools, materials and equipment which are needed in
performing the assigned task.
2. Properly set up the required tools and materials in a place within your
reach which is convenient for you to move around in and execute
your work.
3. Clean the table and tools, see to it that these are free from dust and
other elements that would cause damage to your work.
4. Wash your hands with clean water.
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B. Activity proper:
1. Perform the activity by following the standard operating procedure
per job requirement.
2. Properly manipulate all the tools and equipment that are used in the
activity.
4. In case of errors or mistakes along the way of the activity (for

instance misprinting of lines, letters, and other forms of mistakes) use
the appropriate eraser for a particular kind of mistake.
C. After the activity:

1. Submit your output to your teacher for checking.
2. Check all the tools and materials to ensure that nothing has lost.
3. Check and clean the drawing tools and equipment.
4. Return the tools and materials to the assigned tool keeper for
safekeeping.
5. Withdraw your borrowers card from the tool keeper as a proof that
you have returned the borrowed tools and materials.
6. Clean your work station before leaving.
D. Other important practices that must be observed in the work

station or workplace
There are important practices that you must observed in the work
station and these are the following:
1. Observe safety precautions:

1.1 Never use any tool and equipment without having these
cleaned.
1.2 Always turn off the lights, air condition, ceiling fan, computer
1.3 units, and other electronic equipment before leaving the work
station.
1.4 Maintain the cleanliness and orderliness of the work station.
1.5 Use tools and equipment properly.
2. Observe punctuality in attendance.
3. Avoid quarreling with your co-students.
4. Observe and practice the value of respect.
5. Return the borrowed tools and equipment on time.
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6. Observe and practice proper disposal of waste.
Present to class a clip video about good practices about setting-up

tools and materials for drawing. Let them observe carefully for a group
discussion.
After knowing the following considerations strictly emphasized as

standard operating procedures in the utilization of the drafting tools,
materials and equipment, answer the given activities:
Directions: Enumerate the following. Write the answers in your notebook.
A. List down five (5) drafting tools and materials needed to draw on a sheet
that should show perspective, site development, title page, and sheet
index.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Give at least five (5) steps for fastening the drawing paper.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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C. Cite the steps in setting up drafting tools, materials, and equipment
observing occupational health and safety procedures.
1.
2.
3.
4.
How did you find this activity? Were you challenged? After knowing
all the considerations emphasized as standard operating procedures, it is
now the time to assess yourself on how far your understanding about the
topics. Perform the activity below to assess yourself if you already acquired
the skills needed by performing the given assessment. Good luck!!
Directions: Set up tools, materials, and equipment, based on the job
requirements following the procedures set in the occupational health and
safety standards.
Note: The teacher will set the criteria based on the actual performance.
Architectural Working Drawings
After all the interpretation of drawings are performed, it is also

necessary to expose you, the student to tracing activity. This activity is
commonly applied in industry especially in the reproduction of the
architectural plans. All drafting works must be done first as a preliminary
process using sketching sheet. The final outputs are those drawings which
are done through tracing activity. Below is an activity on tracing drawing.
Steps in tracing architectural working drawing sheet # 1:
1. Prepare all tools and materials needed.
2. Fasten sheet #1 and tracing paper on drawing board. Be sure it is aligned

horizontally with a T-square and aligned vertically with a triangle.
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3. Trace border lines using T-square, 30 degrees x 60 degrees triangle, and
technical pen point 0.8 - 1.0.
4. Trace all the labels in title block and index using technical pen point 0.3
0.6.
5. Trace first all vertical lines using big triangle 30 degrees x 60 degrees.
Follow all horizontal lines using T-square before tracing all the curved
and irregular curved lines using French curved or templates.
6. Trace all the labels and dimensions using technical pen point 0.1-0.4.
7. Finalize the drawing by checking and erasing all unnecessary lines.
Line Technique Application of (all) At least 3-5 lines More than 5 lines
various lines was were used not were used not
used according to according to according to
standards standards standards
Accuracy All measurements At least 3-5 More than 5
and notations measurements and measurements
needed were notations needed and notations
accurately done were inaccurately needed were
done inaccurately done
Layout/Proportion All drawings were Layout was good More than 2
drawn but 1-2 drawings drawings were
proportionately and were drawn out of drawn out of
was laid out proportion proportion and
properly improperly laid out
Neatness Finished output Erasures/smudges Finished output
was neatly done, are observable on has so many
with no erasure nor the finished output erasures/
any smudge smudges present
Time Management Finished the task Finished the task Unable to finish
ahead of the given on the given the task on the
time/date time/date given time/date
RATING SCALE:
Points earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating
21 - 25 91 - 100 Outstanding
16 - 20 86 - 90 Very Good
11- 15 81 - 85 Good
6 - 10 76 - 80 Fair
1 - 5 71 - 75 Needs Improvement
Teachers Comments:
Teachers Signature: _____________________ Date: _____________
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Congratulations! You have done a great job!! After gaining
knowledge from previous activities, you are about to learn new topic on the
preparing and setting-up tools and materials you need for drawing.. Lets
proceed to another learning experience.
Lesson 3. Draft Site Development Plan
This lesson is designed to introduce you to the techniques and

processes of plotting the site development plan guided by the National
Building Code Standards.
Skills Assessment
gain in order to draft a quality floor plan. On the right side of the matrix lists
the skills expected of you to master. Rate yourself by checking Not much,
if you are not so familiar yet, A little and/or A lot, if you are already familiar
knowledge of and skills in the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Drafting Site Development Plan Not A A

Much Little Lot
I can draw technical description of a lot according
to the approved lot survey.
I know how to draw a building footprint according
to the architectural drafting standards
I can draw a title block according to the
architectural drafting standards.
I know how to indicate dimension lines,
dimensions, and drawing titles according to
Technical Terms Encountered In Drafting Site Development Plan
Building Code- is a set of local laws that establish the standard for
structural design within the community.
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Master plan- is the designers house or building design based on the needs
and wants of his clients.
Corner lot- is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting at the corner
Inside lot- is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
Open lot- is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
Property lines- are those lines showing the exact area of the acquired lot.
Setback- refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
Site Development Plan- is the outline and measurements of the proposed

building and its placement on the property.
Site- is an area of land available for construction or the lot on which a

building is constructed.
Through lot- is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways.
Zoning- refers to the legal restrictions on size, location, and type of

structures to be built on a designated area.
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The Site Development Plan is the outline and measurements of the

proposed building and its placement on the property. This shows the
position and the location of the building with property line, setbacks,
approaches, grade contours, landscape and other pertinent data in relation
to the site. A site development plan is drawn using a scale not smaller than
1:200 meters so that other features found in the plan will not be greatly
affected.
Site
The Site is area of land available for construction or the lot on which
a building is constructed. The building site may be a single lot, a series of
lots, or a subdivision. A lot is a piece of ground of specific size. A subdivision
is a large tract of land that is being developed.
Planning and Designing
A master plan is defined as the visual presentation of conceptual

ideas supported by mathematical calculations aimed at giving convenience
and comfort to the users or occupants. Good plans are those that are
functional and economical following the principle of Form Follows
Functions.
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Planning Consideration in Developing the Site:
DISTRIBUTION. Refers to the placement, location and arrangement

of each room unit in relation with each other as to function and
coordination. One example is the relation between the dining and
the kitchen which primarily requires accessibility on food servicing.
These areas are interrelated and should not be far from each other.
To make the handling of meals easy, the sequence of food
preparation should be provided for in the layout of the kitchen and its
equipment. Three work areas are necessary: the mixing area, the
sink area and the cooking area. Supplies and equipment for use at
each work areas should be stored closed at hand. There is a direct
path between the work areas, forming the so-called work triangle
by which the efficiency of a kitchen can be assessed. The sum of the
distances between the work areas should not be less than 3.50 m.
and not more than 6.00 m.
ORIENTATION. Refers to the position and direction of the sunrise

and the sunset. Many want their bedrooms to face the sunrise which
is on the eastern side of the lot. Others, especially those who work at
night, prefer their bedrooms located on the west side. The breeze at
the site may determine the location of the living room and toilet or
bathrooms. The height of the flood waters in the locality should also
be considered in determining the distance of the first floor from the
ground. This is especially true in low areas. In high locations the floor
may be 20 cm. only from the ground level.
SIZES, AREAS, and SHAPES. All rooms are intended for human
use, therefore, it should be planned according to human scale. Good
design always provides ample areas to accommodate furniture,
appliances, and other related facilities, including the critical and
important lanes or pathways for routine movements inside the house.
Rule VIII of the New National Building Code under the 2005
Implementing Rules & Regulations (No. 7)
Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions
shall be as follows:
1. Rooms for human habitation 6.00 sq.m. with at least
dimension of 2.00 m.
2. Kitchen 3.00 sq.m. with at least dimension of 1.50 m.
3. Toilet and Bath 1.20 sq.m. with at least dimension of 0.90
m.
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CIRCULATION. Circulation and movement of the occupants inside
the building should not be hampered by any obstacles nor be
detoured as result of poor planning.
LIGHT and VENTILATION. There is no substitute for a good daylight

and fresh natural air entering and circulating inside the building.
Artificial lighting and ventilation is very costly to those who cannot
afford these. Others prefer it for maximum comfort regardless of
costs.
Rooms intended for any use not provided with artificial
ventilation shall be provided with a window with a total free area equal
to least 10% of the floor area of the room but not less than 1.00 sq.m.
Toilet and bathrooms and laundry rooms shall be provided with
windows with an area not less than 1/20 of the floor area but not less
than 240 sq.mm. Such windows shall open directly to a court, yard,
public street or alley or open watercourse.
HEIGHT. A moderate height ceiling allows fresh air circulations,

comfortable atmosphere, and preserve aesthetic value of the room.
Room with low ceiling has warm atmosphere that requires artificial
ventilation.
Ceiling Heights:
1. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation shall
have ceiling heights not less than 2.40 m. For buildings of
more than 1 storey, the minimum height of the first storey
shall be 2. 70 m., for the second storey, 2.40 m., and for
the succeeding storeys, 2.10 m. Above mentioned rooms
with natural ventilation shall have ceiling height of not less
than 2.70 m.
2. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not
less than 1.80 m.above and below it.
LIKE AND DISLIKES OF THE FAMILY MEMBERS. This factor is

usually considered when the family is rich and can afford to pay for
the services of an architect. Before he designs the house, the
architect has to first interview the members of the family to get
information about their interests, hobbies, and the like. From such
interviews, he will get to know whether the family wants a library or
88
study room, a social hall, a playroom, a music room, a swimming
pool, a carport or garage, servants quarters, a drivers room, a
landscaped garden, a balcony, and a roof garden.
Property Lines- are those lines showing the exact area of the acquired lot.
Setback- refers to the distance at how far a building can be built within the
property lines.
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Building Code
Building Code are local laws that set standard for structural design
within the community. This is a collection of local laws that regulate the
building of homes and other structures. These legal requirements are
intended to protect the safety and health of the people who live and work in
the buildings. They regulate restrictions concerning the construction of
buildings to provide safety to the occupants.
All constructions in an area must meet the requirements of building

codes. Some of the designs and construction features covered by building
codes include:
Qualifications of persons who can design buildings within the

area.
Structural design that can be used.
Lot sizes for certain types of buildings.
Types and sizes of materials that can be used.
Below are sample shapes for your guide in drawing. Provide yourself
with sheets of manila paper, T-square, triangle, pencil and a piece of
pentel pen. You will draw lots of different shapes:
90
Directions: Having prepared the needed drafting tools and materials, draw
from any of your chosen shape a lot occupancy on sheet of manila paper
using the appropriate tools and observing the standard operating
procedures in drawing site a development plan.
1. Imagine that it is a big drawing of a residential lot. All the side lines
will be labelled as property lines.
2. As a residential lot, you need to accommodate and locate the

following:
2.1 A setback space from all the sides of the lot to produce lot
occupancy.
2.2 One or two streets along the sides of the lot.
2.3 Draw the gate entrance on the front of the lot adjacent to the
street for easy access.
3. Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria. If it

is group activity, each group is required to evaluate and give
comments on the output of the other groups following the same
criteria:
3.1 Completeness of elements

3.2 Functionality
3.3 Accuracy in measurements
3.4 Presentation
3.5 Time management (Speed)
Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your answer

______1. The outline and measurements of the proposed building and its
placement on the property.
______2. The legal restrictions on size, location, and type of structures to
91
be built on a designated area.
______3. A piece of ground of specific size.
______4. Local laws that set standard for structural design within the
community.
______5. Designed to keep different areas of a community from interfering

with each other.
______6. Space requirement from the lot line along the street.
______7. The distance at how far a building can be built within the property
lines.
______8. Space requirement of walls with window opening from the lot line
of fence.
______9. Space requirement to each other of adjacent houses according

to National Building Code.
______10. Lines which are working on the outside of the lot area.
Lot Mensuration and Plotting
Technical Terms Encountered in Lot Mensuration and Planning
Lot - an area, usually a small piece of land, that has been measured and is
considered as a unit used for a particular purpose.
Inside lot - is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
Through lot - is a lot having frontage on two public streets or highways.
Corner lot - is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting at the corner
Open lot- is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
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Lot plotting:
Protractor is an instrument graduated in angular degrees for

measuring and laying out angles.
Procedures in lot plotting:
1. NORTH is always to be pointed vertical up with respect to the paper.
2. Bearing is read, plotted and marked off directly as, due NORTH, due
SOUTH, due WEST, or due EAST
3. Plotting starts with point 1 and ends with point 1
4. Compass axes North-South and West-East are zeroed in each point

and bearing marked off.
Drafting practices in lot plotting:
1. All drawings and labels are inked.
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2. Use only standard plotting paper if submitted as part of Contract
Document.
3. Lot points are represented by small circle and point no. indicated near
it within the lot whenever possible.
4. Bearing and Magnitude are centered to the lot line and within the lot
whenever possible.
NOTE: Bearing and Magnitude must be written and readable from

South West quadrant.
5. Lot No. and Block No. are written at the center of lot.
6. Subdivision streets are indicated as Street Lot No. ____. It is directly

centered and parallel to respective streets.
7. Scale is indicated under the NORTH symbol for non-documentary

work and proper position for documentary Plotting Paper.
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Directions: Following the given diagram. Mark-off the given sample

bearings using the protractor and a ruler, apply the procedures in lot plotting.
Bearing Magnitude: (Use scale dimension: 1 cm. = 1 m.)
1. E 25 degrees 45 minute N, 10 m.
2. W 10 degrees 30 minute S, 15 m.
3. S 18 degrees 15 minute E, 8 m.
4. N 7 degrees 20 minute W, 20 m.
95
Direction: Draw the following bearing magnitude with corresponding

distance using ruler and protractor. Scale: 1cm.=1m.
a. N 1530 E, 7m
b. E 4840 S, 11m
c. W 2520 N, 7m
d. S 4950 W, 9m
e. Start at point 1, N15 degrees 30 E, 7m., point 2, E 15
degrees 25 S, 9m, point 3, S 45 degrees 36 W, 8m.,
point 4 connect to point 1. Get the measurement and
bearing magnitude of points 1- 4.
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
_____ 1. This is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
_____ 2. The type of lot has at least two adjacent sides meeting at the
corner made at the juncture of two streets.
_____ 3. This is a graduated instrument in angular degrees for measuring
angles.
_____ 4. This type of lot has a frontage on two public streets or highways.
_____ 5. This direction is always to be pointed vertical up with respect to
the paper.
a. East b. North c. South d. West
_____ 6. This is a type of lot where it is surrounded by other lots.
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Directions: Draw a Site Development Plan. Observe the following

requirements.
1. Draw the lot area using the given dimensions.
1.1 Given: 12.25 m. x 16.75 m.
1.2 Bearing magnitude: Point 1, N 35 degrees 40 minute E, 12.25

m., point 2, S 60 degrees 25 minutes W, 16.75 m., point 3, W
35 degrees 40 minutes S, 12.25 m., point 4 connect to point 1.
1.3 Scale: 1: 100 m.
2. Points to consider when plotting:
2.1 Lot points are represented by small circle and point no.
indicated within the lot whenever possible.
2.2 Locate lot center. Analyze the lot shapes, streets, adjacent
lots, and consider the lot plan guides when designing areas of
occupancy.
2.3 Plan and measure the setbacks of all corners of the lot plan.
Observe Architectural Standards.
2.4 Draw and finalize the design of occupancy plan.
2.5 Draw the desired roof type on the occupancy plan.
2.6 Indicate all symbols required in the plot plan.
2.7 Indicate the perimeter dimensions including compass direction.
2.8 Indicate the necessary utility line to be shown in the plot plan.
2.9 Letter all the labels required.
2.10 Indicate the scale used.
2.11 Finalize the drawing.

97
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below.
The teacher will assign the percentage accordingly:
1. Accuracy of:
a. lines used
b. scaled measurements
c. notations and specifications
2. Work Values:
a. work attitude/behavior
b. safe work habits
c. housekeeping and maintenance
d. time management
How did you find given activities? Were they challenging? Now,
after knowing the theories, concepts and practices in the preparation of a
site development plan, you are going to assess yourself how far your
understanding about the topics. Perform the activity below to measure if
you have already acquired the needed skills by performing the given
assessment. Good luck!!
You are now going to prove to yourself how much learning you had
acquired. This is also to test your skills in precise measurements and
perseverance.
Suggested Activity
Directions: Draw the site of a given survey lot below. Use appropriate
drawing tools and materials.
Given: Start from point no. 1, N 440 33E, 197.38m., from point 1., S790
00W; 6.55 m. point 2, from 2, N 100 21 W; 17.04m. point 3, from
point 3, N780 25 E; 6.51 m. point 4, point 4, S 100 30 E; 17.11 m.
point 5. Get the measurement and bearing magnitude of points 1
- 5. Use scale 1 : 100 m.
98
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria below.
The teacher will assign the percentage accordingly:
1. Accuracy of:
a. lines used
b. scaled measurements
c. notations and specifications
2. Work Values:
a. work attitude/behavior
b. safe work habits
c. housekeeping and maintenance
d. time management
Well, how did you fare in this activity? If you lost track, then you may
always go back to the previous lessons or you may do some researching.
If you were given a passing grade, then you may proceed with the next topic.
Lesson 4. Draft Floor Plan
This lesson is designed to help you draft sample floor plans that
follow a given architectural design standards and requirements.
Skills Assessment
knowledge of and skills on the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Drafting Floor Plans Not A A

Much Little Lot
I can draw walls, windows, doors, fixtures and
fittings according to architectural design
standards.
I can draw grid and dimension lines according to
architectural design standards.
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I know how to use metric scale system according
to the magnitude of the plan.
I can identify sizes of doors, walls and rooms
following the schedule.
I know to indicate letterings and labels according
to the drafting standards.
Technical Terms Encountered In Drafting Floor Plans
Bathroom- is where the toilet and tub or shower are separated for easy
installation of pipes.
Bedroom- is a room for sleeping and for taking a rest.
Carport- is a garage that consists of a free-standing roof completely

separated from the house, or it may be built against the existing walls of the
house with one or more of the exterior walls removed.
Garage- is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an

automobile.
Kitchen- is the place where foods are prepared.
Living room- is the center of the living area in most homes.
Main Entrance- provides access to the house. It is the one through which
guests are welcomed. It provides shelter to anyone awaiting entrance.
Service Entrance- provides access to the house through which supplies

can be delivered to the service areas.
Floor Plan
Floor plan is the top cross-sectional view of the floor area of a house.
The horizontal cutting plane line for this top view passes between the upper
and lower window sills or one meter above the floor line. It shows the size
and arrangement of the rooms. It also presents the sizes and locations of
the stairs, door and windows openings, and partitions and walls. Sometimes
it includes the kind of furnishings in each room. However, the materials
required for constructing permanent or integral parts of each room such as
bedroom closets, kitchen cabinets, etc., should also be accounted for in the
bill of materials.
100
Steps in Drawing Floor Plans
1. Layout the position of exterior and interior walls.
2. Add the thickness of the walls with a hard pencil (Dont darken the
walls at this stage).
3. Locate the position of doors and windows by center line and by their
width.
4. Darken the object lines with an F pencil.
5. Add door and window symbols with 2H pencil.
6. Add symbols for stairwells.
7. Erase extra heavy lines that can be perceived as object lines.
8. Draw the outline of the furniture and fixtures.
9. Add symbols for any masonry work such as planters, if necessary.
10. Dimension the drawing.
Rules for Dimensioning Floor Plans
1. Architectural dimension lines are unbroken lines with dimension

placed above
the lines. Arrowheads, dash, small circles, and diagonal are used to
denote the termination of the dimension line. Arrowheads may also
be placed outside the extension lines when the area is too narrow or
limited.
2. Dimensions should be placed to read from the right or from the
bottom of the drawing. The measurements should always be written
above the dimension lines.
3. Dimension lines are placed about 10 mm. apart. Overall dimensions
of the building are placed outside all other dimensions.
4. Rooms are dimensioned from the center line of partitions. In some
cases, they maybe dimensioned from wall to wall, exclusive of wall
thickness.
5. In dimensioning stairs, the number of risers is placed on a line with
an arrow indicating the direction (up or down).
6. Architectural dimensions always refer to the actual size of the
building regardless of the scale of the drawing.
7. Never crowd dimensions. To free the plan of excessive dimensions,
the sizes of doors and windows are given in the door and window
schedule.
8. Refrain from double entry dimensions and omit obvious dimensions.
Doors and Windows in the Plan
1. Show normally swinging doors at 90 degree opening.

2. Doors swing are shown with light lines and quarter symbols.
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3. Door type is not illustrated in plan, only in elevation.
4. Window type cannot be explained in plan except for width and
location.
5. Show sill lines with a lighter line weight than walls, jambs, and glass.
102
A
103
Area Planning
In developing any architectural design, the designer should progress
logically, follow up a step-by-step the design process. One key step is to
divide the functions of the building into specific areas.
In multi-storey buildings, a separate floor plan is drawn for each floor
level when the layout of the room is not on each floor. However, when two
or more floor levels have the same arrangement and features, one typical
floor plan representing all the identical floors will suffice.
Three Major Functional Areas of a House

1. The Living Area
2. The Sleeping Area
3. The Service Area
Area/room requirements and pointers in planning:
Living Area. This is the center of the living area in most homes. It should
be centrally located and should be adjacent to the outside entrance and to
the dining area, but the entrance should not lead directly into the living room.
This is the area of the home that most strangers or visitors observe. As the
name implies, it is here where the family entertains, relaxes, listen to music,
watches television, enjoy hobbies, dines, and participates in other
recreational activities.
Recommended sizes should be at least 2.00m x 3.00 small, 3.70 m.
x 5.50 m. average or optimum size would be 6.10 x 7.90 m. in rectangular
shape.
Sample Living Area

Sleeping Area. The primary function of the sleeping area is to provide the
family facilities for sleeping and taking rest. The bedroom is usually located
in a quiet part of the house. Ideal number of rooms for low cost housing
should be two bedrooms, masters bedroom and bedroom. Preferably, there
104
should be a toilet and bath in the masters bedroom and a built-in cabinets
or closets for dressing purposes.
Noise Control
Since noise contributes to fatigue, it is very important to plan
minimize if not totally eliminate noise in the sleeping area. The following
guides might help you design bedrooms that are quiet and restful.
1. The bedroom should be placed in the most quiet part of the

house, away from major street noise.
2. Carpeting or porous walls and ceiling panels help absorb noises.
3. Rooms above a bedroom should be carpeted.
4. Floor to ceiling draperies help reduce noise.
5. The use of double-glazed insulating glasses in windows and
sliding doors helps reduce outside noise.
6. The windows of an air-conditioned room should be kept closed
during hot weather.
Sample Bedroom
Service Area. The service area includes the kitchen, laundry, garage
workshops, storage room, and utility room. Since great number of activities
takes place in the service area, it should include facilities for the
maintenance and serving the other areas of the house. The function of the
living and sleeping areas is greatly dependent upon the efficiency of the
service area.
105
Kitchen is the place where food is prepared. It is connected to the work
triangle area for storage and mixing center, preparation and
cleaning center, and cooking center. There should be a storage
hanging kitchen cabinet with a minimal width of 0.60 meter.
a. Function - The preparation of food is the basic function of the

kitchen. It may be used however as dining and as laundry area.
The proper placement of appliances, storage cabinets, and
furniture is important in planning to eliminate wasted motion.
b. Location - Since the kitchen is the core of the service area, it

should be located near the service entrance and near the waste-
disposal area. The childrens play area should be visible from the
kitchen and must be adjacent to the dining area and outdoor eating
areas.
Sample Kitchen
The Work Triangle
From the work sequences described above, it will be observed that

there are three activities which relate to three main appliances the
refrigerator, the sink, and the gas range or stove. The relationship of these
three is commonly referred to as the work triangle.
Types of kitchen:
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A. U-Shaped Kitchen.
B. L-Shaped Type:
107
C. Corridor Type:
108
Dining Area. This is the area that greatly depends on the eating habits of
the occupants. This should be located between the living room and kitchen.
Its size and shape are determined by the size of the family.
Sample Dining Area
Bathroom. The bathroom is where the toilet and tub or shower is located to
save economically in plumbing. As much as possible the toilet must be
situated near the kitchen. The bath and toilet must be near the bedrooms,
accessible to the living room even without passing through other rooms. The
toilet and bath are generally located between bedrooms. In a two-storey
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residential house, the bedrooms, toilet, and bath are often located on the
second floor. In this case, the stair must go up from the living room or hall if
there is any. The stair is generally L or U-shaped and has a landing.
Bathroom Doors and Windows. Bathroom door could be small as 55

60 cm. except for utility bathroom which requires not less than 70. cm. wide
to allow passage of equipment as required. In general, bathroom wall
contains only one door.
Entrances. Entrance is divided into several different types; the main

entrance, the service entrance, and the special- purpose entrance. The
entrance is composed of an outside waiting area like the porch, marquee or
lanai and an inside waiting area like foyer or entrance hall. It provides for
and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a building.
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The main entrance provides access to the house. It is the one
through which guests are welcomed and from which all major traffic patterns
radiate. The main entrance should be readily identifiable. It should provide
shelter to anyone who is waiting at the entrance.
The service entrance provides access to the house through which

supplies can be delivered to the service areas going through other parts of
the house. It should also provides access to parts of the service area like
the garage, laundry or workshop.
The special-purpose entrances and exits do not provide for outside

traffic. Instead they provide for movement from the inside living area of the
house to the outside living areas. A sliding door from the living area to the
patio is a special-purpose entrance. It is not an entrance through which
street, drive, or sidewalk traffic would have an access.
Garage and Carports
A garage is an enclosed structure designed primarily to shelter an

automobile. It may be used for many secondary purposes as a workshop,
as a laundry, or for storage space. It is usually attached to the house in
some manner to provide a sheltered entry.
111
A carport is a garage with one or more of the exterior walls removed.
It may consist of a free-standing roof completely separate from the house,
or it may be built against the existing walls of the house.
112
A. Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the answer
and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A part of the house sometimes used for eating and relaxing.

a. porch b. living area c. bedroom d. dining area
2. It provides for and controls the flow of traffic into and out of a
building.
a. special purpose exit b. door c. entrance d. exit door
3. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.

4. This has an access to the kitchen and the living room.

a. bathroom b. dirty kitchen c. dining hall d. dining area
B. Essay.
1. Explain the significance of the "kitchen work triangle" in designing a

kitchen.
Sample Layout of Kitchen Work Triangle

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2. Can toilet and bath be considered as sleeping area?
Use of Appropriate Scale in Drawing a Floor Plan
Drafting Scales
The architectural draftsman normally uses an architects scale for

reducing and enlarging the size or measurement of an object. There are
two systems of measurement, namely, the Metric system and the English
system.
Sample Metric Scale
Architectural Use of Metric System

Always remember that the smallest the number used in metric scale,
the bigger the size in the triangular scale, whereas, the larger the number
used, the smaller size of actual measurement.
114
1:05 m. 1: 100 m.
1:10 m. 1: 200 m.
1:20 m. 1: 300 m.
1: 30 m. 1: 400 m.
1: 40 m. 1: 500 m.
1: 50 m. 1: 600 m.
1:75 m. 1:1000m.
Note: The scale of 1:1000 m. or more is being used in Lot Plan and other
topographical drawings.
Full size scale

The 1:1 is a full size scale and each division measures 1 mm. in width
with the numbering of the calibrations at 10mm intervals. This same scale
is convenient for ratios of 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000
Half size Scale

The 1:2 is one-half size scale and each division is equal to 2 mm.
with the calibration numbering at 20-unit intervals. In addition, this scale is
convenient for ratios of 1:20, 1:200, and 1:2000.
Architectural Use of Metric Scale

USE RATIO COMPARISON TO 1 METER
1:2500 0.4 mm. equals to 1 M.
CITY MAP
1:1250 0.8 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:500 12 mm. equals to 1 M.
PLAT PLANS
PLOT PLANS
1: 80 12.5 mm. equals to 1M.
1:75 13.3 mm. equals to 1 M.
FLOOR PLANS 1:50 20 mm. equals to 1 M.
1:40 25 mm. equals to 1M.
1:20 50 mm. equals to 1M.
DETAILS 1:10 100 mm. equals to 1 M.
115
A. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer for each number and
write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the appropriate scale for a plot plan.

a. 1:2500 and 1:1250 c. 1: 5, 1:10, 1:20
b. 1:75,1:50,1:40 d. 1 :100, 1:80
2. Its equivalent is ten millimeters in metric figures.

a. 0.0010 b. 0.010 c. 0.100 d. 0.10
3. It is equal to one hundred centimeters.

a. 0.100 b. 0.0100 c. 1.00 d. 10.0
4. It is also equivalent to one-half kilometer.

a. 1,000 meters c. 500 meters
b. 50 meters d. 500 decimeters
5. It is a kind of scale equivalent to 1:1.

a. half scale c. metric scale
b. full scale d. none of the above
B. Direction: Convert each of the following group of words/phrase into

its equivalent metric figure.
1. One meter and five centimeters ________________

2. Ten meters and two decimeters ________________
3. Ninety centimeters ________________
4. Seventy five centimeters ________________
5. One kilometer ________________
After gaining knowledge on the appropriate use of scales in drawing,

it is important for you to know about some architectural drafting design
standards, so prepare yourself for this new experience.
116
Architectural Drafting Design Standards
Legal provisions:
Section 806 of the National Building Code (NBC). Size and

Dimension of Rooms:
a. Room for human habitations should be 6.00 square meters with

at least a dimension of 2.00 meters.
b. Kitchens should be 3.00 square meters with at least a
dimension of 1.50 meters.
c. Bath & Toilet 1.20 square meters with at least a dimension of
0.90 meters.
Section 1207. Stairs, Exit, and Occupant Loads.
Width and Height. Every required exit doorway shall have a size to
permit the installation of a door not less than 900 mm./90 cm. in width
and not less than 2.00 meters in height.
Stairways width. Stairway serving an occupant load of more than

50 shall not be less than 1.10 meters. While stairway serving an
occupant load of 50 or less shall be 900 millimeters wide.
Rise and run. The rise of every step in a stairway shall not exceed
200 millimeters and the run shall not be less than 250 millimeters.
Other guidelines must be observed in the arrangement of rooms

in drawing the floor plan:
1. Built-in cabinets or closets are usually found in the bedrooms,

kitchen, and dining room. Open shelves may be constructed in
the kitchen and dining room.
2. In some one-storey houses, the bedrooms toilet, and bath are

elevated from the other rooms. In this case, the stairs leading to
these rooms must be indicated on the floor plan. Two or three
steps, each has 18 cm. or 19 cm. high from each other and 25
117
cm wide, may be shown in the plan. All these measurements
must be drawn to scale.
3. Since most of the time is spent by the members of a family in the

bedrooms at home, these rooms must be located far from noise,
dust, and polluted air coming from garbage pits or from the
kitchens and toilets of the neighboring houses.
4. If furniture and house appliances are to be shown in each room,

these furnishings should be drawn on the same scale in the floor
plan.
5. If the floor plan will be traced on tracing paper in order to indicate

the electrical or water connections, furnishings should not be
shown on the tracing.
6. In presentation drawings, the landscaping around the floor plan

may be added.
7. It is on the floor plan where the cutting plane lines for at least two
full-sectional elevations (cross and longitudinal) are indicated.
These sectional elevations are usually labeled as Section A-A
and Section B-B, depending on the capital letter used at the
extremities of the cutting plane lines. These cutting plane lines
need not be continuous or straight. They are often drawn in
colored ink. ( see illustration)
8. Window and Door symbols should be indicated in the outer walls

of the floor plan opposite to door and window openings to
determine the total number and specification.
Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another
one for exit. Windows opening should be 10% of the total floor square area
according to the National Building Code.
Example:
Bedroom size of 3.00 m. x 4.00 m. = 12 square meters x 10% =
1.20 m. window width opening.
118
Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB) for Walling and Partitions
Sizes:
CHB - 0.10 T x 0.40 W. x 0.20 H. (4 T x 16W x 8H) is used for

interior walls or sometimes exterior wall with no heavy loads.
CHB - 0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 (6 x 8 x 16) is used for exterior wall

sometimes for interior wall.
Plastering of CHB wall should not be less than 0.015 mm. or not
more than to 0.05 cm in thickness.
Note:
In making a layout of floor plan walls, it should be scaled with same
sizes of all actual materials to be used. If the occupancy wants to use 0.10
x 0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both side walls,
the total thickness of the wall is 0.13 cm. On the other hand, intends to use
0.15 x 0.20 x 0.40 CHB plus plastering of 0.015 mm thickness on both sides
a total average is 0.018 cm. since it is very hard to layout the accurate scale
of 0.18 wall thickness, so most draftsman prefer to use 0.20 cm. wall in
making a layout of a floor plan.
Wall openings:
Entrance door- is preferably with 0.90 cm. to 1.00 m. width.
Bedroom door- has a minimum width of 0.80 cm.
Toilet and Bath door- have a minimum width of 0.70 cm. to 0.80 cm.
Minimal width of windows- is preferably 0.60 cm. (Please refer to

Schedule of Doors and Windows).
A. Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on a

separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the standard thickness of wall in meter using 4 x 16 x 8

CHB .
a. 0. 20 m. b. 0.10 m. c. 0.18 m. d. 0.13 m.
119
2. Standard thickness of wall in meter using 6 x 16 x 8 CHB.
a. 0. 20 m. b. 0.10 m. c. 0.20 m. d. 0.18 m.
3. It is the standard size of an entrance door opening.

a. 0.90 m. b. 0.80 m. c. 0.75 m. d. 1.00 m.
4. They are overhang roof lines in hidden lines form of floor plan.
a. dormer b. canopy c. eave line d. shed line
5. It is the minimum area for the kitchen.

a. 4.00 sq. m. b. 3.00 sq. m. c. 5.00 sq. m. d. 7.00 sq. m.
B. Direction: Draw the symbols of the following:
Door/Window Symbol
6. Interior Door
7. Swinging Door
8. Double Door
9. Accordion Door
10. Bay Window
120
Directions: Draw a floor plan by following the steps and the given
requirements and specifications below.
1. Prepare the needed tools and materials.
2. Construct the wall thickness. Use 0.15 cm. CHB for the major walls.
Start from the center of the wall.
3. Divide the floor area into other areas of the house. Use 10 cm interior
wall partitions. Compute for each area of the house, then check the
total floor area.
4. Lay out the position of doors and windows by center line and by their
widths with a 4H pencil. The standard width of doors is 90-95 cm. like
the main entrance door. The standard width is 80 cm. for bedrooms
and service doors and 0 .75 cm. for toilet and bath doors.
5. Label each part of the floor plan. Draw the kitchen and apply the
work triangle principle in designing the kitchen. Draft the toilet and
bath. Draw the fixtures properly.
6. Layout extension lines. Use any dimension limits and lay out
dimensions legibly and never repeat dimensions.
7. Draw the schedule of doors and windows. Name the doors and
windows by sizes.
8. Finally, draw the roof line of the floor plan.
Note: Your output will be evaluated according to the following criteria

below. Your teacher will determine the appropriate percentages
across criteria.
Accuracy of:
- lines
- scaled measurements
121
- notations and specifications
Work values:
- work attitude/behavior
- safe work habits
- housekeeping and maintenance
- time management
How did you find doing the activity? It is challenging? At this point,
you are going to perform the given activity below to assess yourself on the
acquired knowledge and skills in floor planning based on the architectural
drafting standards. Keep trying!
Directions: Using the same operation, draw a floor plan using the given
measurements below.
Given: A floor plan of 6.00 x 9.00 m. with two bedrooms. Use a scale of
1:100 m. Use correct drafting tools for the right job.
Assessment Tool: Performance/Product Rubrics
Name: ______________________ Date: __________

Year & Section: _______________

Line Technique Application of At least 3-5 lines More than 5
(all) various were used not lines were
lines was according to used not
according to standards according to
standards standards
Accuracy All At least 3-5 More than 5
measurements measurements measurement
and notations and notations s and
needed were needed were notations
accurately inaccurately needed were
done done inaccurately
done
122
Layout/Proportion All drawings Layout was good More than 2
were drawn but 1-2 drawing drawings were
proportionately were out of drawn out of
and were laid proportion proportion and
out properly improperly laid
out
Neatness Finished output Erasures/smudg Finished
was neatly es are output has so
done, with no observable on many
erasures nor the finished erasures/
any smudges output smudges
present
Time Finish the task Finish the task Unable to
Management ahead of the on the given finish the task
given time/date time/date on the given
time/date
RATING SCALE:
21 - 25 91 - 100 Outstanding
16 - 20 86 - 90 Very Good
11- 15 81 - 85 Good
6 - 10 76 - 80 Fair
Teachers Comments:

_____________
Congratulations to those who passed! But for those who didnt make
it, you still have time to do your research. Now this time you are going to
study another part of a house plan, the Roof Plan.. Have fun!
123
Lesson 5. Draft Roof Plans
This lesson is designed to help you prepare a layout of a good roof

plan design using the same floor plan in the preceding lessons.
Skills Assessment
knowledge of and skills for the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Drafting Roof Plans Not A A

Much Little Lot
I can indicate the dimensions of the roof plan
based on the floor plan.
I know how to draw roof plans according to
drafting standards.
I know how to use standard architectural symbols
in drafting roof plans.
I know how to layout drawings according to sheet
contents.
I can draw framing details of roof plans according
to architectural drafting standards.
TECHNICAL TERMS ENCOUNTERED IN DRAFTING ROOF PLANS
Butterfly roof- is a roof with two sides sloping down toward the interior of
the house.
Dome- is a hemispherical roof form.
Dormer- is a structure projecting from a sloping roof to accommodate a

window.
124
Flat roof- is a roof with a minimum pitch for drainage.
Gable roof- is a roof that slopes from two sides only.
Gambrel roof- is a symmetrical roof with two different pitches or slopes

on each side.
Hip roof- is a roof with four sloping sides.
Mansard roof- is a roof with two slopes on each sides with the lower slope
much steeper than the upper.
Shed roof- is a flat roof slanting in one direction.
Angle- iron is a structural piece of rolled steel shaped to form a 90 degree

angle.
Eave- is a part of a roof that projects over a wall.
Fascia- is a surface finish material used to cover another surface.
Flashing- is the material used for covering exposed places outside the
building like firewalls.
Gable- is the triangular end of an exterior wall above the eaves.
Galvanize- is a lead and zinc bath treatment to prevent rusting.
Hip rafter- is the diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to
form the hip.
Overhang- is the horizontal distance that a roof projects beyond a wall.
Pitch- is the angle between the top plate and the ridge board. It is also
referred to as the rise over the run.
Purlin- is a horizontal structure member which hold rafters together.
Rafters- are structural members used to frame a roof.
Ridge- is the top edge of the roof where rafters meet.
Ridge cap- is a wood or metal cap used for roofing at the ridge.
125
Rise- is the vertical height of a roof.
Roll roofing- is a material of fiber and asphalt manufactured in rolls.
Shingles- are thin pieces of wood or other materials that overlap each
other in
covering a roof.
Truss- is a prefabricated triangular shaped unit used for supporting roof

loads over long spans.
Valley- is the internal angle formed by two slopes of a roof.
Valley rafter- is the diagonal rafter forming the intersection of two sloping
roofs.
Roof
It is the external upper covering of a house or building. It shows the
size, shape and the type of materials that should be used in the roofing
system.
Hip Roof Gable Roof Shed Roof
Saltbox Roof Gambrel Roof Gullwing Roof
Half-Hip Roof Mansard Roof Dormer Roof
126
Basic Types of Roofs:
There are different types of roofing system that are commonly used
in the building construction. The following are:
1. Gable Roof - has a pitch on two sides but no pitch on the gable ends.
This type of roof is used extensively in Philippine bahay kubo and row
houses in subdivision. The pitch or angle of a gable roof varies from the
high pitch roofs found on chalet A-frame style buildings to the low pitch
roofs found on most ranch homes.
Sample Gable-Type of Roof
2. Hip Roofs - are used when eave-line protection is desired around the
entire perimeter of the building. Hip roofs are very popular in warm
climates. These are commonly used on Regency and French Provincial
homes.
Sample Hip-Type of Roof

3. Flat Roofs - are used to create a low silhouette on modern homes.
Slightly heavier rafters are needed for flat roofs. Built-up asphalt
construction is often used on flat roofs.
127
Sample Flat-Type of Roof
4. Shed-Type Roofs - are higher at one end than the other. They may be
used effectively when two levels exist where additional light is needed.
Sample Shed-Type of Roof

5. Overhang - is a roof type where the pitch is low and extends on the side
of the building perpendicular to the rafters direction. It should provide
additional protection from the sun and rain.
128
Sample Overhang-Type of Roof
These five roofing system are commonly used in the construction

sector. However, there are other types of roofs that are rarely used in the
construction.
129
Roof Plan
A roof plan is one showing the outline of the roof and the major
object lines indicating ridges, valleys, hips and openings. The roof plan is
not a framing plan, but a plan view of the roof. To develop a roof framing
plan, a roof must be stripped of its covering to expose the position of each
structural member and each header. The roof plan can be used as the basic
outline for the roof framing plan. Below are samples of blueprint drawings
of roof plans, roof framing plan, and other informative drawings.
The roof plan indicates the following:

a. Roofing sheets are materials laid to cover the total area of roofing
space of the building.
ROOF PLAN
b. Ridge roll is a plain G.I. sheet usually laid at the center top of
ridge of the building.
c. Ridge cap is the material used when the roofing system is in the
form of a hip roof.
d. Eaves line or gutter line is shown in the form of imaginary line to
indicate the gutter line.
130
Different Types of Roofing Sheets:
1. Corrugated G.I Sheet - is a building material composed of sheets of

hot-dip galvanized mild steel, cold-rolled to produce a linear
corrugated pattern in them.
2. 4-V Corrugated Sheet
3. Ardex Corrugated Sheet
131
4. Kanalelas Corrugated Sheet
5. Steel Bricks
6. Color bond Custom Orb
132
Sample Roofing Materials and Its Size
Sample of Roofing Materials Showing Width and Length
Roof Framing Plan
The following are the types of roof frame and the important elements
that you must be familiar in the roof framing plan. Each of these elements
can be better understood as you go on to the discussion particularly in the
presentation of sample illustrations in the preceding pages.
Types of roof frame:
Rafter Type
Truss Type
133
Rafter Type
Common Rafter extended at right angles from the plate or girts to

the ridge
Hip Rafter laid diagonally from the corner of the plate or girts to the
ridge
Valley Rafter placed diagonally from the plate or girts at the

intersection of gable extension with the main roof
Jack Rafter any rafter which does not extend from the plate or girts
to the ridge
Hip Jack framed between hip rafters and girts
Valley Jack framed between the ridge and valley rafter
Cripple Jack frame between the hip and the valley rafter
Octagonal Rafter placed on an octagonal shaped plate at the

central apex or ridge pole
Truss is a built-up frame commonly employed on a long span roof

unsupported by intermediate columns or partitions. Its design shows a
series of triangles used to distribute load, stiffen the structure and flexibility
for the interior spacing as well as strenght and rigidity.
134
Truss Type
Is a built-up frame commonly employed on a long span roof

unsupported by intermediate columns and partitions.
Is a design of a series of triangles used to distribute load, stiffen the

structure and flexibility for the interior spacing as well as strength and
rigidity.
ROOF FRAMING SHOWING THE DIMENSION OF EACH MEMBER
Roof plan is the upper part of the building. This can be drawn through
the following steps (see the operating steps):
1. Given: A scaled floor plan.
135
2. Draw or trace the given scaled floor plan using hidden lines without
doors and windows.
3. From end line of the floor plan, lay out A standard 1.00 m. eave line
around the floor plan.
4. From eave lines, extend 0.20 m. lines for gutter width, and analyze how
many and where to indicate 0.10 m. circular holes for the downspout.
5. Select roof types required. From rectangular form of floor plan, get the
center and project a line along the eave lines.
6. If hip roof types will be used, project a 45 degree angle in all corners of
eave lines intersecting the center line to create a hip roof. From drawn
hip roof layout, draw two lines at 0.10 m. width on both sides
representing the ridge roll width.
7. Project a symbol (thin lines) for roof covering, indicate from the center
of roof, the word slopes indicating a perpendicular line with
arrowheads.
8. Complete the working drawing by supplying the required dimensions

with proper dimensioning and labels, then finalize the drawing.

below. Your teacher will determine the appropriate percentages
across criteria.
Accuracy of:
- lines
Work values:
- safe work habits
- time management
Now, do this simple activity to find out how much you have learned
in drafting a roof plan. Check for your strength and weaknesses; this will
help you in doing next activities..
136
Directions: Read each item carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer
and write each of your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
_____1. A horizontal structural member which hold the rafters together.

a. Rafter b. Purlins c. Rise d. Run
_____2. A prefabricated triangular shaped unit supporting the roof loads
over long spans.
a. Truss b. Shingles c. Rise d. Ridge
_____3. The top edge of the roof where rafters meet
a. Ridge b. Rafter c. Overhang d. Purlins
_____4. The angle between the top plate and the ridge board referred to
as the rise over the run.
a. Pitch b. Slope c. Valley d. Truss
_____5. A roof with four sloping sides.
a. Shed b. Hip c. Gable d. Mansard
_____6. The part of a roof that extends over the wall.
a. Overhang b. Eave c. Fascia d. Gutter
_____7. A surface finish material used to cover another surface.
a. Flashing b. Fascia c. Overhang d. Dormer
_____8. A flat roof slanting in one direction.
a. Gable b. Hip c. Dormer d. Shed
_____9. A diagonal rafter that extends from the plate to the ridge to form
a hip roof Type.
a. Purlins b. Hip Rafters c. Truss d. Flashing
____10. The vertical height of a roof.
a. Rise b. Run c. Ridge d. Eave

Direction: Using the floor plan specified on page 45, draft a roof plan
appropriate to the given sizes and shapes.
Note: All sides must have an overhang of 1.50 meters.
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in Summative
Assessment in Lesson 4 or your teacher will provide other assessment tool.
137
Lesson 6. Draft Ceiling Plan
This lesson is designed to enhance the students ability to draw

ceiling plans following the standards of the National Building Code of the
Philippines. This will guide you to be familiar to the different features of the
ceiling plans.
Skills Assessment
skills expected the student to master. Rate yourself by checking Not
much, if you are not so familiar yet, A little and/or A lot, if the student are
already familiar with the skills. Dont feel badly if you checked Not Much in
all of the skills. Keep in mind that this is being administered to determine
your pre-entry knowledge of and skills for the lesson to be presented.
Skills in Drafting Ceiling Plans Not A A

Much Little Lot
I know how to draw vertical heights from finish
floor line to ceiling line according to architectural
drafting standards.
I know how to indicate lighting fixtures and fire
protection devices on the ceiling plan based on
Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Ceiling Plans
Acoustic- is the science of sounds in housing, or the term for materials used
to keep down noise within a room or to prevent by using an overhead lining
inside of a room.
Ceiling Joist- is the structural member in building construction that holds

the ceiling board.
Ceiling Board- is a ceiling covering materials.
Cornice- is a wood or any material projecting beyond the wall of the ceiling.
138
Fixture- is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a part of the
structure.
Gypsum Board- is a board made of plaster with covering of paper.
Hanger- is an iron or wood strap that is used to support a joist.
Insulation- is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or cold

from one surface to another.
Lighting Fixtures- is the position or placement of lighting fixtures of the

house.
Reflected Ceiling Plan- is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at

the interior ceiling.
Smoke Detector- is a fire protection device that is used to detect smoke or

gasses produced by smoldering fire particles of combustion.
Soffit - is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam.
Specification - is the written description accompanying the working

drawing.
Sprinkler Systems - is a fire protection device that discharges water when

the effects of a fire have been detected, such as when a predetermined
temperature has been reached.
Ventilation- is the process of supplying and removing air by natural

mechanical means to or from any space.
The Importance and Purpose of a Ceiling in the Building
Ceiling plan is an outline of the ceiling that shows the overhead

interior surface of a room. Ceiling is designed with the following purpose:
a. It prevents the penetration of the heat of the sun inside the

building.
b. It adds beauty inside the building especially when the ceiling is
well-designed.
c. Various lighting fixtures can be hanged or placed to highlight the
interior design of the structure.
139
Important features that are shown in the ceiling plan:
The ceiling plan can be shown into two presentations:
1. The ordinary presentation of ceiling plan shows the following:

1. Ceiling board
2. Partitions
3. Ventilation
4. Label which indicates the type of ceiling materials
5. Dimensions
2. Reflected ceiling plan. It is a drawing, which shows the items that are
located on the ceiling of a room or space. It is referred to as a reflected
ceiling plan since it is drawn to display a view of the ceiling as if it was
reflected onto a mirror on the floor. This way the reflected ceiling plan
has the same orientation as the floor plan associated with it.
The following features that are shown in the reflected ceiling plan:
140
1. Lighting fixtures
2. Ventilation
3. Smoke detector
4. Wood moulding
5. Ceiling board
Important considerations in designing a ceiling plan:
There are many design elements to consider in designing the ceiling plan:
1. Consider the distance from floor line to ceiling line level.
2. Study the 3-D aspects of volume and space.
3. Consider using unexpected materials or finishes.
4. Consider the light reflection and sound absorption.
141
In accordance with the National Building Code of the Philippines (PD
1096) Section 805, ceiling heights should be
a. Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling

heights not less than 2.40 meters. which is measured from the
floor to the ceiling; provided that for buildings of more than one-
storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first storey shall be 2.70
meters. And that for the second storey 2.40 meters, and
succeeding storey, shall have an unobstructed typical head-room
clearance of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor.
b. Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height of not less

than 1.80 meters above and below it.
142
Note: Ceiling plan is shown in outline form. It is made with the floor plan
as its reference outline.
Procedure in Drafting Reflected Ceiling Plan
Directions: Draft Ceiling Plan. Observe the following steps:
1. Prepare and set the floor plan on page 44 of this module and
analyze its size and shape.
2. Sketch the ceiling area based on the general measurement of the

floor plan.
3. Provide space for the overhang for the four sides according to your
desired size.
4. Sketch the partitions based on the measurements in the floor plan
5. Darken all the visible edges, indicate the dimensions, and label the
necessary information.

below. The teacher will assign the percentage accordingly:
Accuracy of:
- lines
Work values:
- safe work habits
- time management
143
Directions: Identify what is referred to in each number. Write your

answers on a separate sheet of paper.
____________1. is the undersurface of a cornice, molding, or beam.
____________2. is a drawing of a room or building, looking down at the

interior ceiling.
____________3. is the process of supplying and removing air by natural

or mechanical means to or from any space.
____________4. is the written description accompanying the working

drawing.
____________5. is a material obstructing the passage of sound, heat, or

cold from one surface to another.
____________6. is a ceiling covering materials.
____________7. is the structural member in building construction that

holds the ceiling board.
____________8. is a wood or any material projecting beyond the wall of

the ceiling.
____________9. is the science of sounds in housing, or the learn for

materials used to keep down noise within a room or to
prevent, by using an over head lining inside of a room.
____________10. is a piece of electric or plumbing equipment which is a

part of the structure.

Direction: Given a floor plan on page 45, draw a proposed reflected

ceiling plan.
144
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used during the
Summative Assessment in Lesson 5. Your teacher will provide another
assessment tool.
Lesson 7. Draft Elevations and Sections
This lesson is designed to familiarize you on how to present a plan

of the different elevations and sections. Techniques in indicating a proper
dimensions shall also be shown.
Skills Assessment
Skills in Drafting Elevation and Section Not A A

Plans Much Little Lot
I can draw vertical heights from grade line

according to architectural drafting standards.
I know how to project offsets from right, left and
rear sides of floor plan according to architectural
drafting standards.
I can draw roof eaves and pitch on all elevations
and sections according to architectural drafting
standards.
I know how to project doors and windows in all
elevations and sections.
I know how to project cross and longitudinal
section views from the floor plans and elevations.
I can indicate various material symbols and
specifications in all elevations and sections.
145
Technical Terms Encountered in Drafting Elevations and Sections
Cross section- also simply called a Section, this represents a vertical plane
cut through the object.
Eave- the lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall.
Pitch - is the term applied to the amount of roof slope. It is found by

dividing the heights of the span.
Elevations- are the exterior views of the building, seen from one side, a flat
representation of one faade. It is a horizontal orthographic projection of a
building onto a vertical plane, the vertical plane normally being parallel to
one side of the building. The front view of the building is always referred to
as the front. The other elevations are named according to their position in
relation to the front, i.e., right elevation, rear or back elevation, left elevation.
Sectional elevation- is a combination of a cross section, with elevations of

other parts of the building seen beyond the section plane.
Elevation
An architectural elevation is a view of a building showing its height

dimension. When elevations show the exterior of a residential unit, these
are simply called elevations. Interior elevations show the inside of a building.
They are necessary in as much as they show the height of the building and
its appearance on each side. Normally, the four elevations are sufficient to
describe the appearance of the residential building.
Elevation drawings are orthographic drawings. These show the

exterior of a building. An elevation drawing is a view of a building seen from
one side, a flat representation of one faade.
Normally, the design of the floor plan precedes the designs of the
elevation, because both have a continual relationship in the entire design
process. Revision is possible in the design of elevations, even those
designed from the same floor plan.
As a designer, you should keep in mind that only horizontal distances

can be established on the floor plan, while that of the vertical distances such
as height of doors, windows, and roofs must be shown on the elevation.
146
Standard height for vertical clearances of roof, ceiling, windows,
doors must be observed. The appearance of the outside and functioning of
heights as well as the internal functioning of the building must be
considered.
Preliminary Sketches.
The location and proportion of features are very important in drawing

the elevation. Main attention should be given to the proportion of walls and
openings. Some of the things to consider in drawing the elevations are:
1. Proportion which deals with the size and shape of areas and their
relation to one another.
2. Fenestration deals with the arrangements of windows and doors in

a wall.
3. Harmony refers to all features that should harmonize to present a

uniform elevation.
4. Shadows - refer to a simple elevation, which can become interesting

when designed to take advantage of shadows.
Finished Sketches
The finished sketch may be carefully drawn with the use of drawing
instruments. Since these are fairly large scale drawings, the exact size of all
features together with their correct representation must be considered.
In drafting of elevations, these are some of the things that a draftsman

must consider:
1. Window and Door Size must be chosen from a manufactures

catalog which offers great variety of sizes. However, it must conform
with the size and style of the house. The sizes must be standard that
it conforms to the provisions of the building code.
2. Windows and Doors are drawn to scale using the simplest feature.
3. Material Representation may be shown by drawing only a few

lines, like bricks.
4. Footings and Walls - hidden lines are used to indicate the location
of footings.
147
5. Labeling of the views can be done in two methods: views as in
front, rear, left, and right side elevations, or by using compass
orientation as in north, south, east, and west directions.
6. Dimensions on elevations limited to vertical dimensions are shown

on the plan.
7. Changes if any, maybe necessary after all the other drawings have
been completed.
Elevation Projection
Elevation drawings are projected from the floor plan of an

architectural drawing. Elevations can be projected from the four sides of a
floor plan.
148
Elevation Dimensioning
Dimensions on elevation show the vertical distance from a datum

line, which is a reference line that remains constant. Dimensions on
elevation show the height above the datum or the ground line. Dimensioning
elevations must conform to basic standards to ensure consistency of
interpretation
149
Here are some of the rules in dimensioning:
1. Vertical elevation dimensions should be read from the right of the

drawing.
2. Levels to be dimensioned should be labeled with a note, term, or
abbreviation.
3. Room heights are shown by dimensioning from the floor line to the
ceiling line.
4. The depth of footings (footer) is dimensioned from the ground line.
5. Heights of windows and doors are dimensioned from the floor line to
the top of windows or doors.
6. Elevation dimensions show only vertical distances (height).
Horizontal distances (length and width) are shown in the floor plan.
7. Windows and doors may be indexed to a door or window schedule.
The style of the windows and doors may be shown on the elevation
drawing.
8. The roof pitch is shown by indicating the rise over the run.
9. Dimensions for small, complex, or obscure areas should be
indexed to a separate detail.
9. Ground-line elevations are expressed as heights above the datum
point.
11. Heights of chimneys above the ridge line are dimensioned.
12. Floor and ceiling lines are shown using hidden lines.
13. Heights of planters and walls are dimensioned from the ground line.
14. Thickness of slabs are dimensioned.
15. Overall height dimensions are placed on the outside of
sub-dimensions.
16. Thickness of footings are dimensioned.
17. Where space is limited, the alternative method in Figs.38 1-2 can
be used to show feet and inches.
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct term that will complete each
sentence. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. The____________ are the external views of the buildings.

2. The front view of the building is always referred to as the __________.
3. The other elevations are named according to their ___________ in
150
relation to the front.
4. The lower portion of a roof which extends beyond the wall is
called____________.
5. The______________ is the term applied to the degree of the roof
slope.
6. Sections are types of drawings which show the ___________ of a
building or structures.
7. A ____________ heavy line which shows the exact location where the
object is cut.
8. A _____________ is a type of section where the cutting plane is
drawn horizontally.
9. A ______________ is a type of section where the cutting plane is
drawn vertically.
10. The ___________ is the plan where the cutting plane line is drawn.
Draft Elevations and Section (Use the floor plan on floor plan
presented in this module)
Procedure in Drafting Elevations:
1. Layout the elevation very lightly using a sharp, hard pencil. Using a
divider or a scale, transfer horizontal dimensions from the floor plan.
A scale of 1: 100 or 1:50 meter is used and indicated in the title block
or near the drawing. If the plan and section are drawn to the same
scale as the required elevation, the floor plan may be taped in
position, and the dimension projected directly using triangle, and a T-
square.
Windows and door are located horizontally by projecting from the

plan, These are located vertically by projecting from the window and
door details or simply by aligning the top of the window with the top
of the door.
2. Locate the vertical distance of ceiling from floor line, ridge to ceiling
line and natural ground to finished ground line. Indicate also the
height of doors and windows.
151
3. Indicate the thickness of walls, fascia board, and other materials seen
on elevation and darken the lines to highlight these.
4. Draw the elevation details and other architectural materials.
The elevation details to be included will vary depending on the style

of the house. In the case of a residence, the following details are added:
4.1 roof fascia

4.2 window representation
4.3 grade lines
4.4 material representation
4.5 finishing materials, doors and windows, moldings, rain
gutters
5. Indicate the dimension of the vertical distance from the natural

ground line to the floor line and the floor line ceiling, and ceiling line to
ridge line.
Added elevation dimensions and notes are:
5.1 height of roof

5.2 height of other features, such as masonry wall
5.3 height of wall
5.4 roof slope indication
5.5 window schedule
5.6 title and notes indicating materials
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in the
Summative Assessment in Lesson 6. Your teacher will provide another
assessment tool.
Sectioning
The designer shows the internal construction of a building by

means of a section.
Section drawings are prepared to show the interior details of a

structure. They are needed to guide the construction. Interior elevation
152
drawings give the builders an idea on how to construct and install special
features of a home. These features include closets, cabinets, bathtubs, and
other special details.
Techniques for preparing interior elevation drawings are the same as

for exterior elevations. Use a floor plan to locate key vertical lines after
horizontal dimensions have been indicated.
Technical Terms Encountered In Sectioning
Section- is a type of drawing which shows the interior or inside of a building

or structure.
Cross section- is a type of section where the cutting-plane line is drawn

horizontally.
Longitudinal section- is a type of section where the cutting-plane is drawn

vertically.
Cutting plane line- a heavy line which shows the exact location where the
plan is cut.
The following are the types of sections used in architectural drafting:
1. Structural section- shows the entire building construction. This is

useful in planning for structural strength and rigidity, determining the
length of members and specifying sizes.
153
2. Detail section- shows any deviation from a typical section. It is
drawn to a larger scale.
Sample Structural Section of a Residence
3. Wall section- shows the construction of a typical wall. This section

is useful in determining sizes and material specification for all rough
members. Pls. refer to the figure below.
154
Sample Wall Section
155
Full Sections
Architects prepare drawings that show the building cut in to half to

show the internal structure. This is known as longitudinal section, meaning
lengthwise. When it is cut across, it is called transverse section. It is
imagined that a plane is passed through the building cutting it in half by a
cutting plane line.
There are different ways of drawing the cutting plane line, most
especially if it interferes with dimensions as shown in these figures:
156
Traverse (Cross) Section
Longitudinal Section
157
Cross or Traverse Section
Take note of the direction of the cutting plane lines. Arrowheads

show the line of sight of the observer and the portion or view to be
presented in the drawing.
158
A
Sample Floor Plan with a Longitudinal Section line
159
Drafting Section
To enhance your skills in drawing sectional views, use the given floor
plan below. You are required to draw the following sections: the cross or
traverse section and the longitudinal section. Do it in a separate sheet of
drawing paper. Ask the assistance of your teacher if you meet with some
difficulty. Trust yourself you can do it!
1. From the given plan, indicate the path of the imaginary cutting plane
along the floor plan. Indicate the position of the line of sight or
viewing by means of arrow heads (Section "A-A").
2. Transfer horizontal dimension from the floor plan to the section using
a metric scale with appropriate scale ratio.
3. Indicate the vertical dimensions from the ground line to the floor line,
the ceiling line and the ridge line using the standard vertical
160
dimension as provided in the low cost housing regulations. The
standard dimensions are 2.80 m. from the floor line to ceiling line and
1.20 m. to 1.80 m. from ceiling line to the top of the ridge.
4. Draw the outline of the building using the measurements as marked

on the paper.
5. Darken the outline and draw section lines on portions of the building
that come in contact with the cutting plane.
6. Finalize the drawing by labeling it.
7. Repeat the same procedure for the cross section drawing. Change
the position of the cutting-plane line (use Section "B-B"). Use the
same floor plan below.
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in the Summative
How did you find the given activity? At this point, can you now prepare
sample working drawings/plans based on the Standard Operation
Procedures? Take a second look at your outputs.
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in the Summative
Assessment in Lesson 6. Your teacher will provide other assessment tool.
Directions: Given sample floor plan below, draw the longitudinal and cross
sections. You are free to choose which portion of the house you are going
to show in your drawing. Make sure you indicate the cutting-plane line
properly if you do not like to use the given cutting-plane lines.
161
Note: You can use the same evaluation instrument used in Summative
Lesson 8: Performing Presentation Drawings
This lesson is designed to enhance your skills in presenting your

work completely and presentably following the required standards in
performing presentation drawings.
162
Skills Assessment
Skills in Performing Presentation Not A A

Drawings Much Little Lot
I can follow the Standard Operating Procedures

when submitting the completed drawing to
appropriate personnel (e.g., Engineer, Architect).
I can note comments and corrections for final
drawings following the standard operating
procedures.
I know how to integrate comments and
corrections into the final drawing based on job
requirements.
I can perform housekeeping procedures following
standard operating procedures.
Technical Terms Encountered in Performing Presentation Drawings
Landscape - a section or expanse of rural scenery, usually extensive, that

can be seen from a single viewpoint, a picture representing natural inland
or coastal scenery.
Perspective - (from Latin Perspicere, to see through) in the graphic arts,

such as drawing, is an approximate representation, on a flat surface (such
as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.
Presentation Drawing - a highly finished drawing intended as an

independent work.
One-point Perspective or Parallel Perspective - means that the drawing

has a single vanishing point or parallel to the picture plane.
Two-point or Angular Perspective a drawing would have lines parallel

to two different angles has 2 vanishing points.
163
Working drawing- is a finished plan drawing containing complete
information for the workmen.
Presentation Drawings
The purpose of the presentation drawings is to show the proposed

building in an attractive setting surrounding at the proposed site. It must be
shown in an attractive presentation in an attractive way to easily arouse the
clients interest.
Presentation drawings are consist of the preliminary designs:
1. Floor plan
2. Elevations
3. Sections
4. Foundation Plans
5. Sample details
The floor plan must be presented to the client to give him/her a clear
picture of interior portion of the proposed house particularly the location of
bedrooms, living room, dining, kitchen, comfort rooms and other elements
inside the house.
The elevation plan is purposely to show the height of the house,

particularly the distance from floor line to ceiling line and the distance from
bottom line and top of a ridge. Elevations also show the exterior views of
the house.
Section drawings are shown to give additional information on the type

of materials that must be used inside the house. These can be shown as
cross section and longitudinal section.
Commonly, presentation drawings are usually presented in the form of

perspective views with colors, and shading, and floor plan. This is
purposely done because presentation drawings are actually used to sell an
idea or concept. The elevation plan, section, and sample details are only
used for further communication between the clients and the architect or
draftsman to arrive at a final plan or design of the house. These are usually
shown in the form of illustrations.
164
The following are important principles to be considered in the preparation
of presentation drawings particularly perspective views, the following are:
1. Selection of appropriate view of the proposed house.
In the presentation, the frontal portion must be given more emphasis

by the designer because this is the very part of the building that is always
exposed to the viewers eyes.
2. Proportion of the perspective view.
This means that proper location of the vanishing point must be

considered in making the perspective view to come up with a visually
pleasing presentation.
3. Inclusion of landscaping.
Landscaping must be included in the preparation of perspective

view because it adds attraction to the viewer.
4. Other elements like car, human figure and etc. must also be included
in the presentation of perspective view because these would serve
as additional attraction of the drawing.
Presentation drawing is commonly accomplished in the form of

perspective view especially when the draftsman or architect is negotiating a
165
drafting service to a certain client. However, floor plan, elevations plan, and
section drawings are also prepared to be shown to the client.
Common Drafting Errors in Architectural Working Drawings

Architectural drawings in many countries, carry legal implications and
are often related to other critical plans that conveys delicate information to
project idea and reality installed on site.
1. Notations and dimension

2. Improper use of lines according drafting standards
3. Placement of drawing symbols
4. Inappropriate use of scaled dimensions
5. Lacking or missing elements
6. Spelling
7. Wrong text
8. Wrong or missing leaders
9. Incomplete or missing statutory notes
10. Mismatch between actual scale of printed document
versus scale mentioned in title
Suggested Activity:
Draft a perspective view of a house as shown in the sample plan
above, with emphasis in the inclusion of other elements.
Suggested Activity
Create a drafting portfolio of all your drawing activities where
previous drafting errors are incorporated leading to your final drawing free
of any errors. Write your own reflections with each of the errors and
corrections given by the teacher, which leads you to create more
professional architectural working drawings.
166
Assessment Tool: Performance/Product Rubrics
Name: ______________________ Date: __________

Year & Section: _______________

Line Application of At least 3-5 More than 5 lines
Technique (all) various lines
lines were used were used not
was according not according to according to
to standards standards standards
Accuracy All At least 3-5 More than 5
measurements measurements measurements
and notations and notations and notations
needed were needed were needed were
accurately done inaccurately inaccurately done
done
Layout/ All drawings Layout was More than 2
Proportion were drawn good but 1-2 drawings were
proportionately drawings were drawn out of
and were laid out out of proportion proportion and
properly improperly laid out
Neatness Finished output Erasures/smudg Finished output
was neatly done, es are has so many
no erasures nor observable on erasures/
any smudges the finished smudges present
output
Time Finished the task Finished the Unable to finish
Managemen ahead of the task on the the task on the
t given time/date given time/date given time/date
RATING SCALE:
21 - 25 91 - 100 Outstanding
16 - 20 86 - 90 Very Good
11- 15 81 - 85 Good
6 - 10 76 - 80 Fair
Teachers Comments:

_____________
167
Post- assessment:
You will be challenged to dig deeper into your prior

knowledge and previous experiences about Technical Drafting. This phase
will guide you in assessing yourself by answering the questions below
before you further explore the basics of Technical Drafting.
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in the
space
provided before each number.
_____ 1. A drawing tool that is used to draw horizontal lines and serves as
guide for triangles in drawing vertical and inclined lines.
a. protractor b. ruler c. triangles d. T-square
_____ 2. An instrument used for drawing vertical and oblique lines.

a. protractor b. ruler c. tape rule d. triangles
_____ 3. The best instrument used for dividing lines or distance into equal
parts.
_____ 4. A flat piece of plastic with standard symbols which is used as
guide for drawing images on plans.
a. French curve b. templates c. triangles d. T-square
_____ 5. It is used in setting a line degree angle.
_____ 6. An area of land for construction or the lot on which a building is
constructed.
a. corner lot b. open lot c. site d. through lot
_____ 7. It is a lot bounded on all sides by streets or pathways.
_____ 8. It is a lot with at least two adjacent sides meeting at the corner
_____ 9. It is a lot surrounded on each side by other lots.
_____10. Refers to the restrictions on size, location, and type of structures
to be built on a designated area.
a. building code b. set back c. site d. zoning
_____11. The top view of the site or lot where the proposed house will be
built.
a. floor plan b. foundation plan c. location plan d. roof plan
_____12. Shows the design of the house, height dimension, material finish
and complete information and specification.
168
a. elevation b. perspective c. roof d. section
_____13. Shows the outline of the roof and the major object lines indicating
a. ceiling plan b. floor plan c. foundation plan d. roof plan
_____14. The structural excavation plan of footings and walls of the
building.
a. ceiling plan b. floor plan c. foundation plan d. roof plan
_____15. A part of the foundation directly supporting the column or post of
a house.
a. beams b. footings c. lintels d. roofs
_____16. This room is generally located between the bedrooms.

_____17. It is the center of the living area in most home.
a. bed room c. kitchen room
b. dining room d. living room
_____18. They are overhang roof lines in hidden lines form of floor plan.
a. canopy b. dormer c. eave line d. shed line
_____19. The drawing of flow of water in the house from the main source.
a. plumbing plan c. water system plan
b. sewage system plan d. water and sewage
system plan
_____20. An electrical plan that shows the flow of house lightings.
a. auxiliary layout c. electrical plan
b. lighting layout d. power layout
169
REFERENCES
Books and Articles and Printed Materials:
1. TESDA Training Regulations and Competency-Based Curriculum in

Drafting Architectural Lay-out and Details
2. Architectural Drafting and Design Handbook, Sunny Ojeda &
Josephine Obispo, Marikina Polytechnic College
Electronic Resources:
1. www.ths.gardenweb.com
Drafting Elevations
2. http://www.homedecorreport.com
Floor Plan
3. http://www.rightmove.co.uk
4. http://chezerbey.com
Traverse Section
5. http://roofgenius.com
Roof Plan
6. http://www.hollandamerica.com
Ceiling Plan
7. http://www.houzz.com
Detail of Baluster
8. http://www.homedepot.ca
Schedule of Doors
9. http://designoffurniture.com-
Toilet and Bath
10. http://www.homedesignersoftware.coml-
Types of Roof
11. http://www.sketchuptips.getprobooks.com
12. http://www. homerenovations.about.com
Floor Plan
13. http://www.nshorephoto.com
Schedule of Doors and Windows

14. http://www.halton.ca
15.
16. http://www.nesc.wvu.edu
Septic Tank
170
17. http://www.smartdraw.com
Electrical Circuit
18. http://www.actewagl.com.au
Electrical Lighting
19. http://www.monsterhouseplans.com
Electrical Layout
20. https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=site+development+plan&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=Tbp5UoXRDe-
SiQfS4YDgBA&ved=0CAcQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=667#facrc=0
%3Bresidential%20site%20development%20plan&imgdii=_&imgrc=
21. http://www.ptcgovernment.org
Lot Plan
22. http://www.familyhandyman.com
Drainage System
23. http://www.google.com.ph/imgres
Basic Types of Roof
richardrrr.blogspot.com
171

C-TD - LM - Module 3 - Architecural Layout & Details

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Content Standard Performance Standard

The learner demonstrates The learner independently

Quarter I Time Allotment: 24 hrs.

Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) of the K to 12 Basic

This course introduces the different learning activities that will

This module is specifically crafted to focus on Process and Delivery

So, explore and experience the lessons in Architectural Layout and

At this point, you are

ENJOY YOUR JOURNEY!

Learning Goals and Targets:

Well, the lessons, activities and enrichment activities for your

Lesson 1. Prepare Architectural Job Requirements

This lesson is designed in order that the student may be able to

Skills in Architectural Job Requirements Not A A

Technical Terms Encountered in Preparing Architectural Job

Baluster Detail - the detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or

Column/Footing/Beam Schedule - a complete specification of column,

Construction Notes - a sub-complete detail of wall footings, lintels,

Foundation Plan - a structural excavation plan of footings and walls of

Floor Plan - the top view of the floor area of a house.

Footings - a part of foundation directly supporting the column or post of

General Notes - a complete specification and legend of structural

Lighting layout - an electrical plan that shows the flow of house

Perspective - is a drawing angle from which an object or structure is

Reflected Ceiling Plan - the complete design plan of house ceiling.

Septic Tank - it is the depository of human excreta and a drainage

Truss Detail - a complete structural detail of a common or typical truss

Architectural Drafting Tools, Materials and Equipment, Their Uses and

Most architectural drafting works generally consist of freehand and

The importance, uses, and maintenance procedure of these tools,

Directions: Below are sample pictures of different drafting tools, materials,

Tasks/Uses Drafting Tool Equipment

Architectural Working Drawings

The architectural working drawings together with the specifications,

The finished drawings made by the architect or a draftsman and used

As beginner, it is important that you should be able to understand,

A. Sheet # 1 - Title page and index (Exterior Perspective, Site Development

A graphic representation of the view as seen by the eyes, it shows

Site Development Plan is the outline and measurements of the

Sample Site Development Plan

Sample Location Map

Title Block in House Plan

Directions: Given drawing paper (as provided by the teacher), draw a

Product Scoring Rubrics

Directions: Below is a tool for evaluating your finished drawing of location

Criteria 5 points 3 points 1 point

Accuracy The pictorial The pictorial The pictorial

Points Earned Numerical Rating Descriptive Rating

12 15 91 100 Very Good

Teachers Signature: _____________________ Date:

Section drawings are prepared for interior details needed to guide

Sample Cross Section

Sample Longitudinal Section

Reflected Ceiling Plan

Sample Ceiling Plan

The detail of the vertical railing along a staircase or balcony railing.

Recommended span: 48 center to center between posts (60 max.)

Sample Baluster Design

E. Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Detail of Kitchen, and Detail

This is a complete specification of doors and windows in terms of

Sheet # 4 - Doors and Windows Schedule, Staircase Details, and Stairways

Here is the list of architectural terms and their abbreviations commonly

Abbrev Terms Abbrev Terms Abbrev Terms