Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By Jenna Swan
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Table of Contents
Section 1 Vocabulary and Useful Phrases
Chapter 1 The Alphabet
Chapter 2 Numbers
Chapter 3 Greetings
Chapter 4 Talking About Yourself
Chapter 5 Asking and Answering Questions
Chapter 6 Colours
Chapter 7 Countries, Continents and Cities
Chapter 8 Weather
Chapter 9 Travel
Chapter 10 Telling the Time
Chapter 11 Food and Drink
Chapter 12 Animals
Chapter 13 Body Parts
Chapter 14 Describing People
Chapter 15 Routine
Chapter 16 - Transport
Chapter 17 Hobbies
Chapter 18 Personality Types
Chapter 19 Sports
Chapter 20 Jobs
Chapter 21 Home
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Section 1 Vocabulary and Useful Phrases
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Chapter 1 The Alphabet
Vocabulary
The English alphabet has 26 letters. Its important to learn how each letter sounds. Practice saying the letters below.
Aa ay
Bb bee
Cc see
Dd - dee
Ee ee
Ff eff
Gg jee
Hh aich
Ii eye
Jj jay
Kk kay
Ll ell
Mm - emm
Nn enn
Oo oh
Pp pee
Qq cue
Rr arr
Ss ess
Tt tee
Uu yoo
Vv vee
Ww dubble-yoo
Xx ecks
Yy why
Zz zed
The alphabet is made up of vowels (a e i o u) and consonants (b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z). The vowels help us to
pronounce the consonants. It is important to practice saying the vowels as this will significantly affect your pronunciation.
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Practice saying the vowels over and over with a wide mouth. Try it in the mirror to see how it looks.
a (ay) e (ee) i (eye) o (oh) u (yoo)
Sentence Structure
Below are different words that begin with each letter of the alphabet. Try filling in your own words. (Exercise 1.)
Alphabet Exercise 1
A is for ant A is for -
B is for bee B is for -
C is for cat C is for -
D is for dog D is for -
E is for egg E is for -
F is for fish F is for -
G if for goat G is for -
H is for hot H is for -
I is for in I is for -
J is for jug J is for -
K is for kite K is for -
L is for look L is for -
M is for mice M is for -
N is for no N is for -
O is for on O is for -
P is for pink P is for -
Q is for queen Q is for -
R is for run R is for -
S is for song S is for -
T is for talk T is for -
U is for under U is for -
V is for van V is for -
W is for want W is for -
X is for x-ray X is for -
Z is for zebra Z is for
Assessment
1. Write down two words that have two consonants and two vowels. Example: look.
a) ______________________
b) ______________________
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c) ________________________
d) ________________________
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Chapter 2 Numbers
Vocabulary
1 10 (One to ten)
1 - one
2 - two
3 three
4 four
5 five
6 six
7 seven
8 eight
9 nine
10 ten
11 eleven
12 twelve
13 thirteen
14 fourteen
15 fifteen
16 sixteen
17 seventeen
18 eighteen
19 nineteen
20 twenty
21 twenty-one
22 twenty two
23 twenty three
9
24 twenty four
25 twenty five
26 twenty six
27- twenty seven
28 twenty eight
29 twenty nine
30 thirty
31 thirty one
32- thirty two
33 thirty three
34 thirty four
35 thirty five
36 thirty six
37 thirty seven
38 thirty eight
39 thirty nine
40 forty
41 forty one
42 forty two
43 forty three
44 forty four
45 forty five
46 forty six
47 forty seven
48 forty eight
49 forty nine
50 fifty
51 fifty one
52 fifty two
53 fifty three
54 fifty four
55 fifty five
56 fifty six
57 fifty seven
58 fifty eight
10
59 fifty nine
60 sixty
61 sixty one
62 sixty two
63 sixty three
64 sixty four
65 sixty five
66 sixty six
67 sixty seven
68 sixty eight
69 sixty nine
70 seventy
71 seventy one
72 seventy two
73 seventy three
74 seventy four
75 seventy five
76 seventy six
77 seventy seven
78 seventy eight
79 seventy nine
80 eighty
81 eighty one
82 eighty two
83 eighty three
84 eighty four
85 eighty five
86 eighty six
87 eighty seven
88 eighty eight
89 eighty nine
90 ninety
91 ninety one
92 ninety two
93 ninety three
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94 ninety four
95 ninety five
96 ninety six
97 ninety seven
98 ninety eight
99 ninety nine
100 one hundred.
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Chapter 3 Greetings
Vocabulary
Hello Goodbye
How are you? What is your name?
See you again See you around
Take it easy Hows it going?
Are you ok? Nice to meet you
Remember!
Formal Informal
Hello Hi
Goodbye See you around
How are you? Take it easy
What is your name? Hows it going
Nice to meet you Are you ok?
See you again Bye bye
Pleased to meet you Bye
Remember!
Friend someone you know well.
Stranger someone who you dont know
Colleague someone you work with.
Acquaintance - Someone you dont know very well.
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
Hello, how are you? Im fine thank you.
Hello, what is your name? Hello, my name is Julian.
Nice to meet you. What is your name? Nice to meet you too. My name is
Sophie.
Hi, hows it going? Good thanks, and you?
Hi, how are you? Im very well thank you, and you?
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Person A Person B
Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you too.
See you again, goodbye. Ok, goodbye.
Pleased to meet you. Yes, you too.
Goodbye, see you around. See you.
Hi! Hi!
Goodbye, see you around. See you.
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A: I hope you have a good time.
B: Thanks! Ok, Ive got to go. See you later.
A: Ok, see you later, bye.
B: Bye
a) Is this a formal, or informal greeting? ______________________.
b) Is this the beginning, the end, or the full conversation? _______________.
c) Have these two people met before? ________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) Greet a stranger informally.
_____________________________________________________.
b) Greet a stranger formally.
_____________________________________________________.
c) Greet a friend informally.
_____________________________________________________.
d) Greet a friend formally.
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_____________________________________________________?
e) Say goodbye to a friend.
_____________________________________________________.
f) Say goodbye to a stranger.
_____________________________________________________?
g) Hi, my _____ is Sarah. What is your name?
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Chapter 4 Talking About Yourself
Vocabulary
I am My
Id Im
I would I dont
I will
Remember!
Name My name is
Age I am years old
Address My address is / I live in/at
Job I am a
Siblings I have brothers and sisters. / I am an only child
Favourites My favourite is
Preferences I prefer
Hobbies My hobbies are
Background I am from England / China / Russia
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What is your name? My name is Claire.
What is your job? I am a teacher.
Where do you live? I live in Maidstone, Kent.
How old are you? I am 33 years old.
What are your hobbies? My hobbies are swimming and
reading.
Where are you from? I am from China.
Are you English? No, I am French.
Do you prefer hot holidays or cold I prefer hot holidays. I dont like the
holidays? cold.
What did you study at university? I studied maths.
Where did you study? I studied at Derby University in the
UK.
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Fill in the gaps from the words above.
My ____ is Claire.
I am 30 ______ old.
I ____ two sisters.
I ____ in New York.
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Read the conversation below and answer the questions.
A: Do you have any brothers and sisters?
B: Yes, I have one brother and two sisters.
A: What are their names?
B: My brother is called John, and my sisters are called Julia and Marianne.
A: What is your job?
B: I am a waitress in a restaurant.
A: Do you enjoy your job?
B: Its ok, but I would prefer to do something else.
A: What would you prefer to do?
B: I want to be an architect, so I will go to university next year.
A: Which university will you attend?
B: I would like to go to Westminster in London.
A: Great, good luck.
B: Thanks.
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Read paragraph below and answer the questions.
My name is Claire, and I am from the UK. I am 32 years old and I am an English teacher. I live in Vietnam, and I teach
English to Vietnamese children. I studied Theatre at university in the UK, and I used to work as an actress. I do not have
any brothers or sisters and I am not married. My favourite hobby is playing the guitar, and I write songs too. I also like
reading and travelling. I have a pet cat, called Shroedinger, and my best friend is called Kathryn. Kathryn lives in the UK. I
am 57 ft. tall and my favourite sport is tennis. Claire, UK.
a) What is Claires job? ____________________.
b) What did she study at University? _______________________.
c) She has a brother. True/False
d) How tall is Claire? ___________________________.
I am Ralf, and I am Austrian. I am a professional hairdresser and I work in a salon in Vienna. When I am not at work, I
enjoy keeping fit by playing football and going to the gym. I enjoy travelling and last year I went to Mexico for two months.
I really enjoyed the trip, and hope to go to Brazil next year. I have two sisters, who are both older than me, called Claudia
and Sarah. My dream is to one day travel all the way around the world, but I need to save some money first. I live in an
apartment with two friends. Ralf, Vienna, Austria
a) What is Ralfs job? ____________________.
b) His sisters are younger than him? T/F
c) He dreams to travel all around the world. T/F
d) How many people does he live with? ___________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is your name?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Where do you live?
____________________________________________________.
c) How old are you?
____________________________________________________.
d) What is your job?
_____________________________________________________.
e) What nationality are you?
_____________________________________________________.
f) How many brothers and sisters do you have?
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 5 Asking and Answering Questions
Vocabulary
What? When? Why? Where? How? Are you?
Is it? Can you? Could you? Which? Will you? Would you?
Remember!
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What is your name? My name is Claire.
When do you finish work? I finish work at 6pm.
Where do you live? I live in Maidstone, Kent.
How will you get to the party? I will get a taxi.
Why have you got a suitcase? Because I am going on holiday.
Are you coming to dinner with us? Yes, I am. / No I am not.
Is it cold in Paris? Yes, its very cold now.
When does it get hot in Paris? In the summer, May, June, July and
August.
Could you help me with my Yes, I can. / No I cant.
homework
Can you swim? Yes I can. / No, I cant.
Will you finish work by 10pm. Yes, I will. / No I wont.
Would you come with me to the party? Yes, I would. / No I wont
Why are you not at work? Because I am sick.
What do you study at university? I study maths.
When did you start university? I started two years ago.
Where is your university? Its in New York.
Which university do you go to? I go to Harvard.
Why did you choose to study English? Because its my favourite subject.
Are you good at maths? Yes I am. / No, Im not.
Is it your birthday today? Yes, it is. / No it isnt.
Which do you prefer, fish or chicken? I prefer fish.
Could you tell me the time? Yes, its 7pm.
Can you drive? Yes, I can. / No I cant.
Which way is the beach. That way, Turn left.
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Fill in the gaps from the words above.
_____ time shall we get to the party?
_____ do you live?
_____ are you not at work?
_____ dress do you prefer, the black or the white one?
_____ many people are coming to the show?
_____ will you arrive?
_____ you ski?
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B: I will stay for two days.
A: Do you want to hire a car?
B: No, I dont.
A: Can you please tell me your name?
B: My name is Winnie.
c) What time is B arriving? ______________________.
d) Is B coming alone? _______________.
d) How long is B staying for? ________________________.
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Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is your name?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Where do you live?
____________________________________________________.
c) When do you wake up in the morning?
____________________________________________________.
d) Which sport do you prefer? Tennis or football?
_____________________________________________________.
e) Why do we dream?
_____________________________________________________.
f) How many brothers and sisters do you have?
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 6 Colours
Vocabulary
Red Yellow
Pink Green
Purple Orange
Blue Grey
Black White
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What colour eyes do you have? My eyes are blue.
What colour eyes does your father His eyes are brown.
have?
What colour is grass? Grass is green.
What colour are the leaves in the The leaves are green in the summer.
summer?
What colour are the leaves in the In the autumn, the leaves are orange
autumn? and brown.
When should you do when the traffic You should go.
lights turn green?
What should you do when the traffic You should stop.
lights are red?
What colour hair have you got? I have got red hair.
What is your favourite colour? My favourite colour is blue.
What is your least favourite colour? I dont like the colour green.
If you mix red and blue, what colour Purple.
do you get?
What is a primary colour? You can make new colours from
mixing primary colours.
What are the primary colours? Red, yellow and blue.
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Read the paragraph and underline the colours. Then answer the questions.
I am a watercolour artist, and I spend my days mixing colours for my paintings. I paint many autumn scenes, for which I
use browns, oranges and reds. I like the way those colours look together. Kathryn, Derby UK.
a) What is Kathryns job? __________________________________.
b) Which season does she like painting? __________________
c) What colours does she use for her autumn pictures? ________________________________.
d) Why does she like using those colours? ________________________________.
Read the paragraph and underline the colours. Then answer the questions.
I have recently decorated my house and I have painted all of the rooms in different colours. My bedroom is painted pink,
and I have purple curtains. I painted the kitchen green because I its a relaxing colour. My living room is painted white
because I have a white sofa, and I painted the bathroom blue. I think my house looks great now. Sue, Melbourne, Australia.
a) Sue has recently decorated her house? True/False
b) What colour did she paint the kitchen? ______________________.
c) Why did she paint it that colour? ________________________________.
d) Why did she paint the living room white? __________________________.
e) She painted the bathroom black? True/False
f) Is she happy with the house? _____________________________.
Read the paragraph and underline the colours. Then answer the questions.
I am going to a party on Saturday night and I am really excited. It is Shonas birthday, (she is my best friend) and we are
going to a nightclub in London. I cant decide what to wear. I know that Shona is going to be wearing a black dress, so I
will have to wear a different colour. I have a lovely red dress, which I might wear, but Im worried it may be too long. I also
have a blue dress, but I am worried that it may be too short. I have a pretty yellow dress, but I dont think it will look good
in the winter. Help, what should I wear? Christine, Brighton, UK.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What colour do you get if you mix blue and red?
_____________________________________________________.
b) What colour do you get if you mix blue and yellow?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What is your favourite colour?
_____________________________________________________.
d) What is your least favourite colour?
_____________________________________________________?
e) What colour is your car?
_____________________________________________________.
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f) What colour are your favourite flowers?
_____________________________________________________?
g) The sun is ______, and the sky is ________.
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Chapter 7 Countries, Continents and Cities
Vocabulary
Countries
1. United States
2. Canada
3. United Kingdom
4. France
5. Germany
6. Italy
7. Spain
8. Thailand
9. China
10. Russia
11. Australia
12. New Zealand
13. Vietnam
14. South Africa
15. Poland
16. Brazil
17. Mexico
18. Japan
19. Singapore
20. Austria
21. Afghanistan
22. India
23. Pakistan
24. Colombia
25. Greece
26. Hong Kong
27. Jamaica
28. South Korea
29. Malaysia
30. Netherlands
Continents
1. Asia
2. Europe
3. North America
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Australia
7. Africa
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Sentence structure
Question Answer
Which country are you from? I am from China.
Where did you go on holiday last Last year we travelled to Europe. We
year? went to France, Germany and Italy.
Where are you going on holiday this In February, we are going to
year? Thailand. Ive never been to Asia
before.
What is the biggest city in the United The biggest city in the United
Kingdom? Kingdom is London. Its massive.
What language do they speak In Spain, they speak Spanish.
Spanish?
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Fill in the words to the sentences.
France Asia German North America
a) We are going to New York next week. Its in ___________.
b) I speak French. I am from __________.
c) Japan, China and Singapore are all countries in ___________.
d) I am ___________, I am from Germany.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) Which country are you from?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Which continent is your country in?
_____________________________________________________.
c) In which countries do they speak English? _____________________________________________________.
d) Name a two countries beginning with the letter a.
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 8 - Weather
Vocabulary
Sunny Windy
Rainy Snowy
Cloudy Stormy
Hot Cold
Mild Humid
Cool Climate
Sentence structure
Question Answer
What is the weather like today? Its sunny.
What is the weather like in Thailand? Its hot.
Do you want to go for a picnic? No, its raining.
Whats your favourite weather? My favourite weather is hot and sunny.
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Reading and writing
Read the following paragraph about the weather, and underline all the words that mean hot and cold, then answer the
questions.
In the summer, the weather is usually hot and sunny. Sometimes we have rainy days in the summer, but they are still warm
days. The summer is my favourite season. In the winter it can be very cold, wet and windy, and sometimes it even snows! I
love it when it snows, we get to make snowmen and have snowball fights. It can be difficult getting to work because the
roads are covered in ice. In the autumn, the leaves fall off the trees, and it starts to get cooler. Spring is beautiful, and
although there are warm days, its still cool. Phillipe, France.
a) What is the weather like in the summer? _________________________________.
b) What is the weather like in the winter? __________________________________.
c) What is the weather like in spring? ______________________________________.
d) What happens to the trees in the Autumn? ________________________________.
e) What can you do in the snow? ___________________________________________.
f) Why is it difficult to get to work? _________________________________________.
g) Its hot in spring. T/F
h) Autumn is Pierres favourite season. T/F
Write about your favourite season. What is the weather like? Why do you like it?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is the best weather for making snowmen?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Is your country a hot or cold country?
_____________________________________________________.
c) Name three countries that have cold weather.
_____________________________________________________.
d) What was the weather like yesterday?
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 9 - Travel
Vocabulary
Holiday Train
Bus Coach
Trip Hotel
Plane Airport
Taxi Ferry
Car Motorbike
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
Where are you going on holiday this We are going to Barcelona in Spain.
year?
Excuse me, how do I get into town? You need to catch the number 88 bus.
How will you be getting to your hotel? I am getting a train at 2pm.
Where can I get a taxi from? On the high street. Walk straight and
then turn left.
What is the timetable for your trip? We are arriving in Singapore on
Tuesday, and we fly to Japan on
Saturday.
Can we walk to the museum from No, its quite far, you should catch a
here? bus or a taxi.
Is the whole office going on the trip to Yes, we are all going by coach.
Berlin?
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Reading and writing
Read the following paragraph about the travel and answer the questions.
I love to travel. I am lucky because my job means I get to travel all over the world. I am a journalist, and one week I might
travel to Iceland by plane, and the week after, I might travel to New York by train. My favourite way to travel is by boat,
because I enjoy being at sea. I stay in many different kinds of hotels, and some are nice, but some are not. I like hotels that
have a gym and a swimming pool, but they are not all like that. Sarah, Florida, US.
a) What is Sarahs job? _________________________________.
b) How does she travel to Iceland? __________________________________.
c) How does she travel to New York? ______________________________________.
d) What is her favourite way to travel? ________________________________.
e) In hotels, she likes a gym and a ___________________________________________?
Read the following paragraph about travel and answer the questions.
I am going to travel to India next year. I am very happy because I have never been to Asia before. I have written a
timetable so that I can travel around more easily. I am flying there from Sydney on February 10th, and the plane will land in
Mumbai. I am staying in a hotel called the Seashore Hotel, and then, on February 14th I am getting a coach to Goa. There
are beautiful beaches in Goa, and I will stay there for five days. After that I will get a train to Kerela, where I will stay for
one month. I will rent a motorbike whilst I am there. I will get a bus from Kerela to Chennai on March 2nd, and fly back to
Sydney on March 4th. I am very excited. Jacob, Sydney, Australia.
a) How does Jacob feel about going to India?_________________________________.
b) Where is he flying from? __________________________________.
c) How is he travelling to Goa? ______________________________________.
d) Where will he rent a motorbike? ________________________________.
e) What is the hotel called in Mumbai? ___________________________________________.
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Write about your last trip. Where did you go? How did you get there?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) Do you prefer travelling by plane or train?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Where would you like to travel to on holiday?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What is a timetable? Choose 1 or 2.
1) A type of boat.
2) A plan for your trip.
_____________________________________________________.
d) Fill in the missing words.
Id like to book a room in your ____ . How much is it for a two night stay?
e) Fill in the missing words.
What time does your ______ land on Saturday? I will come and pick you up at the a______.
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Chapter 10 Telling the Time
Vocabulary
Remember!
12pm Midday
12am Midnight
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Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What time do you wake up? I wake up at 8am.
What time do you finish school? We finish at four oclock.
Shall we meet at 7pm? Can we make it 7:30pm instead?
What time does the plane leave? It leaves at 21:30.
What time is 15:45? Quarter to four in the afternoon.
What time is 00:00? Its midnight.
Shall we meet at midday? How about a little earlier, like
11:30am?
Are you a morning person, or a night I am more of a night person, I dont
person? like mornings.
What time do you start and finish I start work at 8am and finish at 5pm.
work?
When will the party start? Try and arrive at seven oclock.
When will the food be ready? It should be ready at half past eight.
What time did you fall asleep last I fell asleep at 11pm.
night?
What time does the football match At 14:00.
start?
Read the paragraph and underline all the times. Then answer the questions.
I wake up at 7am and I have a shower. I eat my breakfast at 7:30am and leave at 7:55am. I walk to the train station, and I
get the 8:15am train to Central London. The train arrives in London at 8:45am. I walk into the coffee shop buy a coffee at
8:55am, and I get to my office for 9am. Kirsty, London, UK.
a) What time does Kirsty wake up? __________________________________
b) What time is her train? ______________________________________.
c) How long does the train take? ________________________________.
d) What time does she go to the coffee shop? ________________________________.
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Read the paragraph and underline all the animals. Then answer the questions.
I work in a zoo and I have to feed all of the animals in the morning. At 07:00 I feed the penguins, and at 07:30 hours I feed
the birds. At 07:45, I feed the lions. This takes a lot longer. At 08:30 I take a break have my own breakfast. At 09:00 I feed
the giraffes, and at 09:30 I feed the goats and horses. Stephen, Chesterfield, UK.
Read the paragraph and underline all the animals. Then answer the questions.
When I was a child, we used to go to the seaside every summer and we had a special routine. Me and my sister would
always wake up early, at six oclock in the morning and start packing our suitcases. At seven oclock my Mum and Dad
would make breakfast, and we would all get in the car to leave at eight oclock. It would take three hours to drive to the
beach, and so we would get there for about eleven oclock. We would then unpack our suitcases, and at midday we would
have lunch on the beach. We would stay on the beach until six oclock in the evening. April, Sheffield, UK.
a) What time did April and her sister wake up? ____________.
b) What time did they leave for the beach? ____________________________.
c) How long did the drive take? _____________________.
d) What time did they have lunch? ________________________________.
e) What time did they leave the beach? _______________________________.
f) What time do they have breakfast? ____________________.
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Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What time do you wake up?
_____________________________________________________.
b) What time do you go to bed?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What time do you get to work? _____________________________________________________.
d) What time is midday?
_____________________________________________________.
e) What time is midnight?
_____________________________________________________.
f) Is AM morning or afternoon?
_____________________________________________________.
g) Is PM morning or afternoon?
_____________________________________________________.
h) Write 15:00 another way.
_____________________________________________________.
39
Chapter 11 Food and Drink
Sentence Structure
Q
uestion Answer
What is your favourite food? Pasta is my favourite food.
What would you like to eat? I would like a salad please.
Can I take your order? Yes, I would like to order some soup
and a sandwich.
Would you like a drink? Yes, I would like some water please.
Would you like some juice? Yes, can I have orange juice please?
How do you make salad? You add lettuce, tomato, cucumber,
peppers and onions.
What would you like with your burger? Can I have fries please?
Would you like cheese on your burger? No, thank you.
What flavour pizza would you like? I would like ham and pineapple
please.
Would you like a doughnut? No thank you. I am on a diet.
What food do you like to cook? I enjoy cooking chicken noodles.
What is your favourite sweet food? My favourite sweet food is chocolate.
Do you like milk? Sometimes.
Can I get you some water? Yes please.
What does your Mum want to eat? Anything but meat. She is a vegetarian.
Are you a vegetarian? No, I eat meat sometimes.
Is there any food you dont like? I dont like cabbage, it tastes horrible.
How do apples taste? They are sweet and sour.
What does curry taste of? Sometimes, its really hot and spicy.
40
I am thirsty. I would like some ______.
Can I have some fruit? How about a ________?
I am hungry, I would like some ___________.
I am a vegetarian, I dont eat ______.
I cant eat eggs, milk, cheese or cream. I am allergic to _____.
Read the paragraph and underline all the food. Then answer the questions.
I am a chef, and I use a lot of different food each day. I like making salads, because I enjoy cutting up the fresh vegetables.
People travel a long way to eat my salads. I add lettuce, cucumber, tomato, onion, pepper and spinach. I also cook noodles
in many different flavours. The most popular favours are chicken and beef. I love the smell of chicken noodles cooking.
Huan, Saigon, Vietnam.
e) What does Huan put in his salads? __________________________________.
f) He puts eggs in his salad? T/F
g) What are the most popular flavour noodles?________________________________.
h) He likes the smell of the beef noodles cooking? T/F
Read the paragraph and underline all of the food. Then answer the questions.
I like travelling and trying food in different countries. My favourite countries to eat in are Thailand and America. In
Thailand they serve lots of delicious noodle dishes and curries. The food is sometimes a little too spicy for me, but I still
enjoy it. My favourite Thai dish is Thai Green Curry, which is made from coconuts. In America, the food is simpler than
Thailand, but I enjoy it anyway. I like eating burgers and pizza, even though they are not good for your health. My
favourite American food is doughnuts. They are delicious. April, Toronto, Canada.
Read the paragraph and underline all of the food. Then answer the questions.
I am a doctor. I often have to tell my patients which foods are healthy and which are not. Most people should eat at least
five different fruit and vegetables each day. A salad is a great way to do this and is really healthy. Unhealthy foods are
foods that have too much sugar, or too much fat, and you shouldnt eat too much foods of it. Bad food include doughnuts
and burgers. Frederick, New York, US.
Assessment
41
Answer the questions.
d) Name three vegetables.
_____________________________________________________.
e) Name three meats.
_____________________________________________________.
f) Name three drinks.
_____________________________________________________.
g) What did you eat today?
_____________________________________________________?
h) Are you a vegetarian?
_____________________________________________________.
i) What is your favourite food?
_____________________________________________________?
j) What is your least favourite food?
_____________________________________________________.
42
Chapter 12 - Animals
Vocabulary
Mammals Birds Reptiles/Amphibians Insects
Cat Parrot Lizard Spider
Dog Chicken Frog Fly
Tiger Eagle Snake Beetle
Lion Owl Crocodile Mosquito
Whale Robin Turtle Scorpion
Giraffe Seagull Chameleons Butterfly
Elephant Toucan Alligator Moth
Monkey Flamingo Iguana Flea
Rat Pigeon
Bear Swan
Deer Goose
Dolphin Duck
Horse Falcon
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
Do you have any pets? Yes, I have a cat. She is called Sally.
Which bird lives in the jungle? A parrot.
Which bird cannot fly? A chicken.
Name three mammals. Dog, cat and a bear.
Name a dangerous mammal. A lion.
Name a dangerous reptile. A crocodile.
Name a dangerous insect. A scorpion.
Are you scared of spiders? Yes, I am scared of them.
Are you scared of rats? No, I like rats.
Where would you find a shark? You would find a shark in the sea.
What is the difference between a Birds have wings and they lay eggs,
mammal and a bird? mammals have live young.
What is the difference between a Fish breathe in water and reptiles
reptile and a fish. breathe air.
Are lions and tigers the same. No, they are not the same, but they are
both cats.
43
Fill in the gaps from the words above.
Lions and _____ are both cats.
Chickens and eagles are both ___.
____ swim in the sea.
The most popular pets in the world are ____ and ___.
_____ are the biggest mammal in the world.
___________ live in Africa and Asia.
Read the paragraph and underline all the animals. Then answer the questions.
I work in a zoo, and I really enjoy my job. In the morning, I feed the birds. We have lots of beautiful birds in the zoo, but
my favourites are the parrots, they are so colourful. After I feed the birds, I go and clean out the elephants. The elephants
are huge, and they also very clever. Gina, London, UK.
e) Where does Gina work? __________________________________
f) She doesnt enjoy her job? T/F
g) Why are the parrots his favourite birds? ________________________________.
h) What does he do after he feeds the birds? ________________________________.
Read the paragraph and underline all the animals. Then answer the questions.
My family and I really like animals, and we have a lot of pets. We have two cats, one dog, and three rabbits. My brother
has a goldfish, and I have a hamster. My hamster is called Simon, and my brothers goldfish is called Trevor. The cats like
each other, but they dont like the dog. They always run away from him when they see him. The rabbits are called Trixie,
Dixie and Celine. My favourite rabbit is Dixie. She loves carrots. Albi, Sydney, Australia
44
Read the paragraph and underline all the animals. Then answer the questions.
I am terribly frightened of spiders. I cant be in the same room as one. If there is a spider in a room, I have to ask my
husband to throw it out of the window. I dont know why I am so scared of spiders, but I think it is their legs. I am also
scared of snakes, I could never touch one. My husband is scared of rats, but I quite like rats. He doesnt like their tails. My
Mum is really scared of dogs, which is why I cant get one as a pet. Helen, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) Name three mammals.
_____________________________________________________.
b) Name three insects.
_____________________________________________________.
c) Name two common pets. _____________________________________________________.
d) Name an animal that you would find in the sea.
_____________________________________________________.
e) Is a spider an insect or a mammal?
_____________________________________________________.
f) Name two different types of cat.
_____________________________________________________.
g) What is your favourite animal?
_____________________________________________________.
h) What is your least favourite animal?
_____________________________________________________.
45
Chapter 13 Body Parts
Vocabulary
arms hands legs body head
neck fingers toes feet eyes
nose ears mouth chin hair
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
How many legs have you got? Ive got two legs.
How many heads have you got Ive only got one head.
What colour eyes have you got? Ive got blue eyes.
What does she look like? Shes got brown hair and green eyes.
Where does it hurt? On my big toe, I dropped a book on it.
On which hand should you wear your On the left hand.
wedding ring?
Are you ok? No, the music is so loud, its hurting
my ears.
What is your nose for? To smell things with.
46
Reading and writing
Read the paragraph about the body and underline all the body parts, then answer the questions.
In biology class today, we learnt about the body. I learnt that every person has two eyes, two ears, two legs, two arms, two
hands and two feet. Each person has one head, one neck, one body, one nose and one mouth. We all have 10 fingers and 10
toes. Each person can have a different colour hair, eyes and skin. I have black hair, brown eyes and brown skin. My best
friend Susie has brown hair, blue eyes and white skin. I have strong arms and legs because I play netball. My eyes are not
very good, so I wear glasses to make them better. Nina, aged 8, Pretoria, South Africa.
a) How many fingers do people have? __________________________________.
b) What colour hair has Nina got? ______________________________________.
c) What colour eyes has Susie got? ________________________________.
d) Why does Nina have strong arms and legs?____________________________________.
e) Why does Nina have to wear glasses? ________________________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) How many fingers and toes do you have?
_____________________________________________________.
a) What colour is your hair?
_____________________________________________________.
b) What colour eyes does your best friend have?
_____________________________________________________.
f) Fill in the missing words.
I have two ____ and two a _____.
g) What is the plural of foot?
_____________________________________________________.
47
Chapter 14 Describing People
Remember! Our looks are the way we look. Are we tall, small, fat or thin? Our personality is what kind of person we
are, such as whether we are funny, clever or shy.
Vocabulary
Big Small Tall Small
Short Fat Thin Long
Blonde Strong Weak Bald
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What do you look like? I have long brown hair and blue eyes. I
am tall and thin.
What does your Mum look like? She is small and thin. She has grey
hair.
What does your best friend look like? He has black hair, he is tall, and he is a
little bit fat.
Can you describe what the criminal Yes, he was small, with blonde hair. I
looked like? couldnt see the colour of his eyes.
What did you look like as a child? When I was a child, I had long blonde
hair. I was a lot smaller then too!
What does David Beckham look like? He is blonde and he has brown eyes.
He is tall and strong too.
Remember!
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Read the paragraph about describing looks and underline all the describing words, then answer the questions.
In my office there are five men and two women. Sheila is 30 years old, and she has long blonde hair and a big nose. There
is Rob, who is really tall and has brown hair and brown eyes. Julie is small, and not thin. She has big eyes and a big mouth.
Simon is medium sized, so he is not tall and not short either. He doesnt have any hair, he is bald. Tim and Tony are brothers
and they both look the same. They are tall and thin, and they have brown hair. Tony wears glasses, and Tim doesnt. Danny,
Dublin, Ireland.
a) How many men work in Dannys office? __________________________________.
b) What colour hair has Shelia got? ______________________________________.
c) What size is Simon? ________________________________.
d) What does being bald mean?____________________________________.
e) What is the difference between Tim and Tony? ________________________________________.
f) Is Julie fat?
_________________________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
b) Are you tall or short?
_____________________________________________________.
c) Are you fat, thin, or medium?
_____________________________________________________.
d) Describe your best friends looks?
_____________________________________________________.
e) Describe someone elses looks?
_____________________________________________________?
49
Chapter 15 Routine
Vocabulary
Wake up Brush your Have breakfast Catch the train Catch the bus
teeth
Get to work See my friends Have dinner Go to the gym
Sentence structure
Question Answer
What time do you get the train? I get the train at 8am.
What do you do first in the morning? I brush my teeth first thing in the
morning.
What time do you have dinner? We normally have dinner around 6pm.
What do you normally do after I normally go to the gym.
work?
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a) What time do you wake up?
_____________________________________________________.
b) What do you normally do on Saturdays?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What do you normally do in the evenings? _____________________________________________________.
d) What do you normally eat for breakfast?
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 16 - Transport
Vocabulary
Train Aeroplane Car Bicycle
Motorbike Scooter Van Lorry
Helicopter Bus Boat Ship
Sentence structure
Question Answer
What is the quickest way to get from Catch the train. It only takes one and a
London to Manchester? half hours.
How shall I get into town? Catch the number 56 bus
How are you getting to Spain? We are flying on an aeroplane.
What is the usual mode of transport in Most people drive a scooter or a
Vietnam? motorbike.
52
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) Name three modes of transport that use land.
_______________________________________________________________________.
b) Name two modes of transport that use water.
_______________________________________________________________________.
c) Names two modes of transport that use the air.
_______________________________________________________________________.
d) Where do you catch a train?
_______________________________________________________________________.
53
Chapter 17 Hobbies
Vocabulary
Music Sport Fishing Cooking Travelling
Video Games Crafts Photography Writing Concerts
Art Baking Playing an instrument Movies Walking
Remember!
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
Do you have any hobbies? Yes, I play guitar.
What is your favourite hobby? My favourite hobby is photography.
What do you do on your spare time? In my spare time, I like to bake.
Do you like travelling? Yes, but I prefer fishing.
Can you play an instrument? Yes, I play piano.
What do you like to do to relax? I like watching movies to relax.
Do you like going to restaurants? Yes, but I prefer cooking.
Can you sing? No, Im a bad singer.
Would you like to play video games Yes I would. What time would you like
with me? to meet?
Do you enjoy arts and crafts? Yes, I do. I enjoy making tiny models
of cars
What do you like to do when you are I like playing sport.
not at school?
What do you like to do after work? I like to go to music concerts with my
friends.
Apart from your work, what interests I am interested in photography.
you?
What are you interested in? I am interested in reading and writing.
54
Fill in the gaps from the words above.
I like playing _________.
I like listening to _____________.
I like taking photos. My hobby is ___________.
I like _______. I make cakes and cookies.
In my spare time I like _______. I write stories and poems.
I play the _______.
Outside of work, I like to go ________.
I like ________. I like sitting by the water, it relaxes me.
Read the paragraph and underline all the hobbies. Then answer the questions.
I really enjoy travelling. Last year I went to Malaysia and went on lots of walking trips. I like learning about new cultures.
I also like photography. I always take lots of photos when I am travelling. I like writing blogs about my trip, it helps me to
remember how I felt. Marleen, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
k) What does Marleen enjoy? __________________________________.
l) Marleen doesnt like photography? T/F
m) What does she write while she is travelling? ________________________________.
n) Why does she write while she is travelling? ________________________________.
Read the paragraph and underline all the hobbies. Then answer the questions.
I have lots of different interests, so I have lots of hobbies. I like to watch sport, so every Saturday I either watch the
football or the cricket. I like playing Tennis, but I am not very good. I also enjoy going to concerts and listening to music.
My favourite genre of music is rock, although I do like some pop also. I can play guitar, but I cant play the piano. Frankl,
Helsinki, Finland.
Read the paragraph and underline all the hobbies. Then answer the questions.
In my spare time I like cooking. I like to cook for my family and friends. We have lots of dinner parties at my house. I am
Italian, so I like to cook lots of pasta and pizza. My favourite dish is spaghetti carbonara. Its delicious! My Mum taught
me to cook when I was a little girl, and I have always enjoyed it as a hobby. One day, I would like to turn my hobby into a
career and open a restaurant. Its my dream. Bianca, Perugia, Italy.
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c) Which country is she from? ________________________________.
d) Who taught her to cook? ________________________________.
e) What is her dream? ________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What are your hobbies?
_____________________________________________________.
b) What is your favourite hobby?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What do you like to do in your free time?
_____________________________________________________.
d) What is photography?
_____________________________________________________?
e) What is traveling?
_____________________________________________________
f) Where have you travelled to?
_____________________________________________________?
g) My favourite hobby is _______ to music.
56
Chapter 18 Personality Types
Vocabulary
Funny Serious Grumpy Clever
Quiet Shy Loud Outgoing
Sentence structure
Question Answer
Can you describe your personality I am quite shy, but I can be quite funny
too.
Describe your teachers personality She is strict and serious.
What is your doctor like? He is really clever and funny. I like
him a lot.
Do you like your neighbour? No, she is not very friendly and she
doesnt smile very much.
Were you a shy child? No, I was really loud and outgoing.
What type of personality do you I prefer happy people.
prefer?
57
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What personality do you have?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Describe your best friends personality?
_____________________________________________________.
c) Describe someone elses personality?
_____________________________________________________.
d) Describe someone elses looks?
_____________________________________________________?
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Chapter 19 - Sports
Vocabulary
Football Tennis Rugby Running Badminton Swimming Golf
Cricket Baseball Basketball Cycling Skiing Judo
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What sport do you play? I play football
What is your favourite sport? My favourite sport is swimming.
What sport do you like to watch? I like watching cricket
Do you play more than one sport? Yes I play basketball and football.
What football team do you support? I support Manchester United.
Do you need a bat to play cricket? Yes. A bat and a ball.
Are you good at running? No, Im really slow. I enjoy it though.
Do you go swimming? Yes, I go every week.
What are you favourite sports? My favourite sports are golf, judo and
tennis.
Do you prefer tennis or badminton? I prefer tennis because you can play
outside.
Shall we go skiing in February? Yes, if there is enough snow.
Do they play baseball in the UK? No, its an American sport.
59
Read the paragraph, underline all of the sports and then answer the questions.
I like to keep fit and so I play lots of sports. On Sundays I run 10km. On Mondays I play badminton with my one of my
friends. On Wednesdays I go swimming, and on Saturdays I play football. My favourite day is Saturday as I get to see all
my friends. Chavez, Madrid, Spain.
a) How many sports does Chavez play? ______________________________.
b) Chavez is unfit. T/F _____________________________________________.
c) Why is Saturday his favourite day? ________________________________.
d) What does he do on Mondays? _______________________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is your favourite sport?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Why?
_____________________________________________________.
c) Do you think you are a sporty person and why?
_____________________________________________________.
d) What sports can you play with a racquet?
_____________________________________.
e) Which sports can you play with a ball?
____________________________________.
f) Which sport do you need snow?
______________________________________.
g) Which sport do you need a bicycle?
____________________________________.
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Chapter 20 - Jobs
Vocabulary
Postman Builder Nurse Doctor Painter
Teacher Chef Dentist Waiter Gardener
Hairdresser Shopkeeper Firefighter Accountant Singer
Actor Driver Dancer Businessman Chemist
Remember!
Actor/Actress. M/F
Businessman/Businesswoman M/F
Postman/Postwoman M/F
Remember!
Questions:
What is your job?
61
What do you do?
Where do you work?
Answers:
I am a builder.
I work as a builder.
My job is building.
My career is building.
I work at a building site.
Or
I am a teacher.
I work as a teacher.
My job is teaching.
May career is teaching.
I work in a school.
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What is your job I am a teacher.
What job would you like to do? I would like to be a singer.
What job does your Mum have? Shes a nurse
Where do you work? I work in the hospital, Im a doctor.
Where do you work? I am a chef, and I work in a restaurant.
My tooth hurts, what should I do? You need to go to the dentist.
Are you performing in the show? Yes, I am a dancer.
What do you do in your working I am a gardener, so I plant flowers and
day? look after trees and grass.
62
Read the paragraph, underline all the different jobs, and then answer the questions.
I have had a few different jobs in my life. When I was young I worked as a shopkeeper. In the shop, we used to sell candy
and newspapers. I liked that job because we used to speak with lots of people. After that, I went to university to study
nursing. While I was at university I worked as a waitress. I worked in a beautiful restaurant in Paris, and we had lots of
famous people coming in. I once met a famous actor! After university, I started working at the hospital as a nurse. I love
nursing, because I really enjoy helping people, and I like working in the hospital. Lucy, Paris, France.
a) What was Lucys first job? __________________________________.
b) Why did Lucy enjoy working as a shopkeeper______________________________________.
c) Who did Lucy meet in the restaurant? ________________________________.
d) Why does she enjoy nursing? ____________________________________.
e) Where does she work as a nurse? ________________________________________.
63
Read the paragraph, underline all the different jobs, and then answer the questions.
I have wanted to be a teacher since I was young. I have always enjoyed helping people. I now work in a school, and I teach
children aged 11 years 18 years. I teach English, drama and history. I particularly like teaching drama, because my
students are brilliant. We get six weeks off in the summer, so I normally go on a long holiday in the sun. That is another
reason why I love teaching. Jeremy, Manchester, UK.
a) What is Jeremys job? __________________________________.
b) Where does he work? ______________________________________.
c) Why does he like teaching? ________________________________.
d) What subject does he like teaching the most? ____________________________________.
e) What age group does Jeremy teach? _______________________________________.
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is your job?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Where do you work?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What job does your best friend have?
_______________________________________________________.
d) Where does your best friend work?
_____________________________________________________.
e) Where does a nurse work?
_____________________________________________________.
f) Where does a firefighter work?
_____________________________________________________.
64
Chapter 21 Home
Vocabulary
House Home Address Garden Living Room
Bathroom Garage Dining Room Hall Basement
Apartment Balcony Bedroom Kitchen
Sentence Structure
Question Answer
What is your address? My address is 5 Hall Walk, Templeton,
Florida, US.
Do you live in a house? No, I live in an apartment?
Do you have a garden? No, but we do have a balcony.
Where do you watch television? We watch it in the living room.
Where do you cook food? We cook food in the kitchen.
Where is the basement? Its underneath the house.
Where do you eat meals? We eat in the dining room.
Where do you sleep? I sleep in the bedroom.
Shall we stay inside? No, its sunny, lets go into the garden.
Where do have a shower? I shower in the bathroom.
Do you still live on Broad Street? No, we moved from there.
Have you moved house? Yes, we moved outside of the city.
Read the paragraph about home, underline all the rooms and then answer the questions.
My house is in the middle of the street. We are number 75. We have lived here for five years. The house has seven rooms.
There are three bedrooms, and a bathroom. We have a kitchen, a living room and a dining room. My favourite place is the
living room. My Mum is often in the kitchen, and my brother is always in his bedroom. We also have a garden where the dog
lives. Macy, Prague, Czech Republic.
a) How long has Macy lived in the house? __________________________________.
b) What is her favourite room?
c) What is her brothers favourite room? ________________________________.
d) What room will you find Macys mum?
e) How many rooms does the house have? _______________________________________
f) Do they have a balcony or a garden?_________________________________________.
65
Read the paragraph about a home, underline all the rooms and then answer the questions.
I have lived in many homes over the years. When I was a child, we lived in an apartment in Warsaw. It was very small and
we only had three rooms. When I was 21, I moved to an apartment in Krakow, and it was much larger. I now live in a big
house in Krakow with my children. We have a big garden and a basement. We love it here. Aron, Krakow, Poland.
a) Where did Aron live as a child? __________________________________.
b) How many rooms did they have in their first house? ______________________.
c) Which city did Aron move to? ________________________________.
d) Who does he live with? ______________________________________.
e) How old was Aron when he moved to Krakow? ________________________
f) They dont have a basement? T/F
Assessment
Answer the questions.
a) What is your address?
_____________________________________________________.
b) Is your home a house or an apartment?
_____________________________________________________.
c) What rooms do you have in your house?
_____________________________________________________.
d) What kind of home did you live in as a child?
_____________________________________________________?
e) Which room do you make food?
_____________________________________________________.
f) Which room do you go to sleep?
_____________________________________________________?
66
Section 2 Grammar Rules
67
Chapter 22 Verbs
Grammar rule
A verb is a word that is used to describe an action. Actions are something we do. Verbs are doing words.
A verb is one of the most important parts of a question or sentence in English.
A verb can also signify an occurrence.
Please see below for some useful verbs.
Act
Apologise
Answer
Arrive
Ask
Bat
Beat
Bring
Believe
Bump
Carry
Call
Come
Cry
Cycle
Dance
Dive
Dream
Drink
Drown
Eat
Embarrass
Escape
Explain
68
Explode
Feed
Feel
Fish
Fly
Freeze
Get
Greet
Growl
Guard
Guess
Help
Heat
Hear
Have
Hug
Imagine
Infect
Insist
Invite
Interrupt
Jog
Join
Judge
Juggle
Jump
Keep
Kick
Knit
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Kill
Know
Laugh
Lean
Let
Light
Lift
Make
Matter
Meet
Move
Mug
Nag
Name
Need
Notice
Number
Offer
Object
Open
Order
Own
Pack
Play
Practice
Perform
Phone
Question
Quit
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Quiz
Quote
Race
Receive
Remember
Reply
Read
Sit
Scare
Shiver
Smell
Speak
Talk
Test
Time
Train
Think
Understand
Unpack
Use
Undress
Utter
Urge
Vanish
Visit
Volunteer
Voice
Vote
Whisper
71
Work
Wait
Want
Win
Watch
Yawn
Yell
Yelp
Zip
Zoom
72
Applying the rule
Can you come on Saturday?
I need to tell you something.
Sit down.
Let me apologise.
I fell asleep and started to dream.
Wake up and smell the coffee.
Assessment
Write sentences using the following verbs.
a) Run - ____________________________________________________.
b) Hold - ___________________________________________________.
c) Seen - _______________________________________________________.
d) Smiled - _____________________________________________________.
73
Chapter 23 Subject Pronouns
Grammar rule
Subject pronouns replace nouns that are the subject of the passage.
Remember!
We use 3rd person subject pronouns to avoid using a persons name over and over.
Example:
Claire had planned to go to a party and Claire wanted a nice new dress to wear. Claire went shopping and Claire bought a red
dress and some shoes.
Instead we use:
Claire had planned to go to a party and she wanted a nice new dress to wear. She went shopping and she bought a red dress
and some shoes.
74
We have had a chat, and we dont think we will buy the car.
We would love to come to your dinner party.
75
Read the paragraph and underline all of the subject pronouns.
It was a cold day, and I wore my gloves and hat to walk into town. All of a sudden, a big wind came and took my hat and I
lost it. I was sad because I really liked it. I walked into town and met my friends. They were all waiting for me in a coffee
shop. We all had hot chocolates and talked about university. We are all looking forward to finishing next year. Carly,
Leicester, UK.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using I
_____________________________________________________.
b) Write a sentence using you
_____________________________________________________.
c) Write a sentence using we
_____________________________________________________.
d) Write a sentence using they
_____________________________________________________.
e) Write a sentence using she
_____________________________________________________.
f) Write a sentence using he
_____________________________________________________.
76
Chapter 24 Object Pronouns
Grammar rule
Object pronouns replace nouns that are the indirect or direct object of the passage.
77
Ask them what they would like to eat.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using me
_____________________________________________________.
b) Write a sentence using you
_____________________________________________________.
c) Write a sentence using him
_____________________________________________________.
d) Write a sentence using her
_____________________________________________________.
e) Write a sentence using it
_____________________________________________________.
f) Write a sentence using us
_____________________________________________________.
g) Write a sentence using you
_____________________________________________________.
h) Write a sentence using them
_____________________________________________________.
78
Chapter 25 Indefinite Articles
Grammar rule
There are two indefinite articles in English, a and an. We use a if a word begins with a consonant, and an if the word begins
with a vowel.
Applying the rule
A cat An egg
A house An elephant
A car An apple
A bird An angle
A calculator An octopus
A girl An eagle
A man An igloo
A feeling An umbrella
Assessment
a) Write four words with a
_______________________________________________________________________.
b) Write four words with an
________________________________________________________________________.
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Chapter 26 Possessive Adjectives
Grammar rule
Possessive adjectives do not replace the noun, but they are determiners. For example, to determine what or who something
belongs to.
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Is that their football team.
Its their recipe.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using my
_____________________________________________________.
b) Write a sentence using your
_____________________________________________________.
c) Write a sentence using his
_____________________________________________________.
d) Write a sentence using her
_____________________________________________________.
e) Write a sentence using its
_____________________________________________________.
f) Write a sentence using our
_____________________________________________________.
g) Write a sentence using their
_____________________________________________________.
h) Write a sentence using our
_____________________________________________________.
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Chapter 27 Possessive Pronouns
Grammar rule
Possessive pronouns are words that communicate ownership.
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Johnny, but I think this is his. Sophie, Derby, UK.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using mine
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using yours
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using his
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using hers
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using ours
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using theirs
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 28 Reflexive Pronouns
Grammar rule
Singular 1st person Myself
Singular 2nd person Yourself
Singular 3rd person male Himself
Singular 3rd person female Herself
Singular 3rd person neutral Itself
Plural 1st person Ourselves
Plural 2nd person Yourselves
Plural 3rd person Themselves
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Read the paragraph and underline all of the reflexive pronouns.
When the car crashed, I hurt myself when I hit the steering wheel. Jane hurt herself too. It wasnt my fault, it was the car
in front. They cant blame me, they can only blame themselves. Jim, Cornwall, UK.
Read the paragraph and underline all of the reflexive pronouns.
The dog is always hurting itself. Last year it ran out into the road and was hit by a car. I felt bad and blamed myself for
the accident because I let the dog out. The driver of the car blamed themselves. Robin, Sydney, Australia.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using myself
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using yourself
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using himself
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using herself
_________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using itself
_________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using ourselves
__________________________________________________________________________
g) Write a sentence using themselves
_________________________________________________________________________
h) Write a sentence using ourselves
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 29 Singular and Plural
Grammar rule
Singular noun one
Example: One bed / a bed
Plural noun: more than one
Example: Two beds
You can make most singular nouns plural by simply adding an s.
Singular Plural
Car Cars
Book Books
Shop Shops
Face Faces
Shoe Shoes
Night Nights
Gate Gates
There are a small number of nouns that have irregular plural forms. They are as follows.
Singular Plural
Foot Feet
Goose Geese
Man Men
Woman Women
Mouse Mice
Fish Fish
Deer Deer
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I work at an animal sanctuary. At the sanctuary we have 15 birds, 23 rabbits and one badger. We have four deer, and one
fox. Wendy, Shropshire, UK
A person has two eyes, two ears, two arms and two legs. They have one nose, one mouth and one head. They have 10
fingers and 10 toes.
Assessment
Write the plural form of the following words.
a) Table ____________________.
b) Television _________________.
c) Foot ____________________.
d) Shoe _____________________.
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Chapter 30 WH Questions
Grammar rule
What Asking for information about a thing / something. Asking for a
reason.
Where Asking about a place or location.
Why Asking for a reason.
When Asking about time.
Who Asking about people.
Which Asking about choices.
Whose Asking about ownership.
How Asking about method/manner.
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Read the paragraphs and underline all of the WH questions.
What do you think Mum will say when she knows we are going to be here for Christmas? When shall we tell her?
Whose handbag is this? I cant find mine. Do anybody know where it is?
Assessment
a) Write a question using what
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a question using where
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a question using which
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a question using when
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a question using why
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a question using whose
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 31 Have Got, Has Got
Grammar rule
Affirmative sentences
Has got is used in the singular 3rd person. Have got and have are used for all other persons.
Long form Contracted form
I have got a blue car. Ive got a blue car.
I have a cat. Ive got a cat.
I have a girlfriend. Ive got a girlfriend.
I have a big nose. Ive got a big nose.
She has got a new job. Shes got a new job.
He has got a red car. Hes got a red car.
It has got new wheels. Its got new wheels.
You have a good college degree. Youve got a good college degree.
They have got a nice house. Theyve got a nice house.
Negative sentences
Hasnt got is used in the singular 3rd person. Havent got and havent are used for all other persons.
Long form Contracted form
I have not got a blue car. I havent got a blue car.
I have not got a cat. I havent got a cat.
I have not got a girlfriend. I havent got a girlfriend.
I have not got a big nose. Ive not got a big nose.
She has not got a new job. She hasnt got a new job.
He has not got a red car. He hasnt got a red car.
It has not got new wheels. Its not got new wheels.
You have not got a good college You havent got a good college
degree. degree.
They have not got a nice house. They havent got a nice house.
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Applying the rule Affirmative sentences
I have got red hair.
Ive got a blue bicycle.
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We havent got 100 people coming to the wedding.
Weve not got three rabbits.
Questions.
Question: Do you have a mobile phone? Answer: Yes I have.
Question: Do you have a necklace? Answer: No I havent.
Question: Does she have a mobile phone? Answer: Yes she has.
Question: Does he have a necklace? Answer: No he hasnt.
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Assessment
a) Write a sentence using I have
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using I havent
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using She hasnt
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using It has
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using They have
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using We havent
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 32 - Countable and Uncountable Nouns
Grammar rule
A countable noun can be used in either the singular or plural form.
Example: One/a tree, two trees.
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted with numbers. These are normally substances and concepts.
Example: Some milk
We cant use a number, nor a, or an for uncountable nouns. Instead we can use the following;
Some
A bit of
A lot of
Much
A handful
A pinch
A teaspoon
Love
Music
Money
Happiness
Advice
Sugar
Rice
Water
Milk
Juice
Pasta
Soup
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Some soup
Some pasta
A little bit of milk
A bit of advice
Much money
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Read the paragraphs and underline all of the uncountable nouns.
To make the cake, you will need three eggs, 1oz sugar and some milk. You will need to put it in the oven for one hour.
All you need in this life is some good music, a couple of good friendships and some happiness.
Assessment
a) Write three uncountable nouns.
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write three countable nouns.
_______________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 33 Prepositions of Place
Grammar rule
Prepositions of place describe where things are.
In
At
On
By
Next to
Beside
Near
Between
Behind
In front of
Under
Below
Over
Above
Across
Through
To
Into
Towards
Onto
From
I am in the kitchen.
The girl is in the house.
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The vase is on the table.
The picture is on the wall.
The doctors is on the right hand side.
The camera is on the phone.
There is a good film on at the cinema.
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I walked through the city.
I ran through the streets.
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Assessment
a) Write a sentence using in
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using on
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using above
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using below
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using under
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using across from
_________________________________________________________________________
g) Write a sentence using beside
__________________________________________________________________________
h) Write a sentence using through
__________________________________________________________________________
i) Write a sentence using over
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 34 Imperatives
Grammar rule
We can use imperatives to give orders, instructions, make invitations, make signs, and to give advice.
To give orders.
Stop playing the piano.
Be quiet.
Come here.
Close your mouth while you eat.
To give instructions.
Follow the road to the left.
Hold the babys head whilst you hold her.
Turn it off and on again.
Call him John.
To make an invitation.
Please come in. Would you like a cup of tea?
Wait there please, I will be a moment.
Please call me Jeremy.
Please wait in the waiting room.
To make signs.
Dont smoke.
Dont swear.
Take a ticket.
Remove your shoes.
To give advice.
Ask him for a pay rise, I am sure hell understand.
You need to ask her how she feels.
You should call in sick, you are not well.
Dont drive home, you are too tired.
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Applying the rule
Join up the sentences.
1. You cant smoke 1. on the left hand side
2. I think you should tell 2. on the bridge
3. Dont walk 3. you are sorry
4. Please drive your car 4. in here
5. Do come in, Ill 5. immediately
6. Call him and say 6. her the truth
7. Dont do that in 7. a restaurant
8. Sit down 8. be there in a moment
Assessment
a) Write a sentence giving an order.
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence giving instruction.
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence giving advice.
________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 35 Past Tense
Grammar rule
We use past tense to talk about past events or actions
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Applying the rule
Read the paragraph and underline all the past tenses.
Yesterday I went to the shops and I bought some vegetables. Whilst I was buying them, I saw a man running by the window.
I thought I recognised him so I shouted him over. It was my old friend John. We talked for five minutes and he told me all
about his wife and baby. We were talking for a long time, when I realised I hadnt paid for my food. Once I had paid, John
and I went for dinner to have a catch up. Lorna, Barcelona, Spain.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using the past tense of shouting
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using the past tense of running
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using the past tense of knitting
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using the past tense of knowing
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using the past tense of seeing
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using the past tense of loving
_________________________________________________________________________
g) Write a sentence using the past tense of cooking
__________________________________________________________________________
h) Write a sentence using the past tense of crying
__________________________________________________________________________
i) Write a sentence using the past tense of ironing
_________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 36 Present Tense
Grammar rule
We use present tense to talk about past events or actions
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Applying the rule
Read the paragraph and underline all the present tenses.
Today I am singing with the church choir. We have been practising for weeks and now we are finally getting to perform. I
am very excited because when I sing, I feel like I could rule the world. Its the best feeling. Talia, Aberdeen, UK.
Assessment
a) Write a sentence using the present tense of shouted
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a sentence using the present tense of ran
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a sentence using the present tense of knitted
_________________________________________________________________________
d) Write a sentence using the present tense of known
__________________________________________________________________________
e) Write a sentence using the present tense of seen
__________________________________________________________________________
f) Write a sentence using the present tense of loved
_________________________________________________________________________
g) Write a sentence using the present tense of cooked
__________________________________________________________________________
h) Write a sentence using the present tense of cried
__________________________________________________________________________
i) Write a sentence using the present tense of ironed
__________________________________________________________________________
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Chapter 37 Sentences
Grammar rule
We use different sentence style to make our writing more interesting. We can use simple sentences, compound sentences or
complex sentences.
Simple sentences.
Simple sentences have the basic sentence elements, such as; a verb, a subject, and a finalised thought.
Examples:
I went to the park.
Sarah bought some bananas.
They went on holiday to Spain.
The bird sat in the tree.
I thought about my Mum today.
I am going to the university.
I am not interested in History.
Compound sentences.
Compound sentences are made up of two completed sentences. They are joined together using a coordinating conjunction,
such as;
For
And
Nor
But
Or
Yet
So
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Examples:
I went to the park, but I went home because it was raining
Sarah bought some bananas, and ate them on the way home.
They went on holiday to Spain, yet they didnt get together.
The bird sat in the tree, so it didnt fly that day.
I thought about my Mum today, so I called her.
I am not going to the university, nor am I going to work.
I am not interested in History, yet I enjoy learning about WW2.
Complex sentences.
Complex sentences are made up of one independent clause and then one or more dependent clauses. Dependent clauses cannot
exist alone in a sentence, but they can be added to an independent clause. This makes a complex sentence. You have to use a
subordinating conjunction to begin a dependant clause, such as;
While
Wherever
Whereas
Whenever
When
Until
Unless
Though
Since
If
Even though
Before
Because
As
Although
After
Examples:
Because it was raining in the park, I did not stay there.
While Sarah walked home, she ate her bananas.
Even though they went on holiday, they did not get together.
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Since the bird sat in the tree, it didnt fly that day.
After I thought about my Mum today, I called her.
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Assessment
a) Write a simple sentence
_______________________________________________________________________
b) Write a complex sentence
________________________________________________________________________
c) Write a compound sentence
_________________________________________________________________________
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Section 3 Fluency in English
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Chapter 38 Top 10 Tips for Fluency in English
1. Immerse yourself.
Try to use English every day. If you are stood in line in a grocery shop, try and think of the English words for all of the items
you can see. Do the same whilst you are driving through town.
Listen to lots of English music and try to truly understand the meaning of the songs. You are sure to find a style that you like.
You dont have to listen to English hip hop if you prefer rock music. It sounds obvious, but make English relevant for you.
Watch films without the subtitles, and make sure to watch the body language of the actors. Often you will understand what they
are trying to convey though their facial expression and movements. This will make a big difference to your own pronunciation
and fluency. Soon enough, the language will begin to unravel and meaning will be revealed to you.
If you find certain words difficult, try saying them to yourself in the shower, or whilst walking home. The more you say them,
your brain will absorb the shape of the word. After a while, you wont even have to think about it.
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4. But why?!
English has some curious rules, and they dont always follow a formula. Why one foot and two feet? Is it there, their or
theyre? Its confusing and strange, and unfortunately its just the way it is. If you spend all of your time asking why, youll tie
yourself up in knots. If you are more of a structured learner, then you can draw a graph like the one below and memorise the
irregular grammar rules. If you learn the strange occurrences in English, the regular grammar will come much easier.
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process the information. If you are a sequential learner, it may be useful to get a true handle on sentence structure and
certain grammar rules. Having said that, beware spending too much time worrying about structure. Language fluency
is just as much about intuition as it is about rigid rules.
It isnt important to box yourself into one of the personality types above, but it is useful to know that there are a great number of
ways to be practice and become fluent in English. Regardless of what kind of learner you are, it is important that you practice a
lot and immerse yourself in English whenever possible.
6. Accent
A lot of English learners are overly concerned about their accent. You may desire to speak with an American accent, because
you are used to hearing it in films, or you may wish to speak with an English accent to sound authentic. The truth is that your
accent is personal to you and your own identity. It is possible to speak fluently with a Chinese accent, a Mexican accent or a
Russian accent. Work on your pronunciation, but dont worry about your accent. If you wind up living in America, the UK, or
Australia, its likely that you will pick up elements of that accent, but it isnt something you should be aiming for. Be yourself,
not someone else.
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7. Be creative
One of the wonderful things about the English language is the ability to mix it up. English has a famous and historic history in
literature, music, poetry and theatre, mainly because it allows for considerable expression. There are many different ways to
get a message across in English.
Hello, how are you?
or
Hey, hows it going?
or
Hi, are you ok?
or
Yo, whats up?
Lets try something a little different.
I knew that I loved her, but I couldnt find the words to tell her.
or
Although I didnt know how to say it to her, I knew that I felt love.
From time to time, you will likely forget the correct noun that you are looking for. All native speakers do this too. For example,
you might walk into a shop and completely forget the word milk. In that case, it would be perfectly acceptable to say, the
white drink that comes from cows. You will still get the meaning across. If you forget a word, dont freeze up, keep trying.
8. Talking to yourself
Its important to talk to yourself in English whenever you can. You might feel a little bit silly doing it, but it will really help you
when you are speaking to somebody else. Think of a subject that interests you and try talking about it as if you were talking to
somebody else. You can even answer your own questions if you want. You can try this is in the shower, whilst you are driving,
or whilst you are walking. You may even try thinking in English. It may be difficult at first, but if you try it for short periods,
you will find that you are thinking in English more and more. Start with topics that interest you at first, and then you can try
solving your everyday problems in English. It will probably even give you a whole new perspective on the issue!
9. Communication
The English language is a communication tool, and communication comes in a number of different guises, which are listening,
speaking, reading and writing. With most English speakers, they are very capable in one area, and less so in another. You may
find listening easy, but find it difficult to reply. You may find reading problematic, but you enjoy writing your down your ideas.
If you find listening tough, it is important that you practice that area just as much as the areas that you find easy. Try and
discover why you find it to be difficult. Do you find writing difficult? Try and write about something you like. If thats football,
write about your favourite players. If you like music, write about the meaning of your favourite song. You have to make English
relevant to you.
10. Questions
Remember that answering questions neednt be difficult, and answer is hiding away in there. Look at the questions below.
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Can you help me?
Yes I can.
Or
Is your name Jack?
Yes, it is.
Or
Does your dog like chocolate?
No, he doesnt.
If you feel unsure how to answer, you can always ask the other person to repeat the question. Feel free to ask them to speak
more slowly if you need them to. Most native English speakers talk pretty fast, and often wont realise that they are speaking
too fast for you to understand. They will be very happy to slow down if you ask. Remember, learning English is all about
communicating with other people, that includes communicating that you need some help. Dont ever be afraid to ask for that.
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Good luck on your English language journey. Remember to keep learning in a way that works for you. Practice, practice,
practice and have fun along the way.
Keep going we believe in you!
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