ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING COACHING NOTES 555 timer consists of

Ans: astable, monostable and VCO

Lead acid does not depend on:
Ans: Rate of charge Early effect is also called
Ans: base width modulation
Lead acid consists of:
Ans: Dilute sulfuric acid, sponge lead, and lead The effect produced due to flow of electrons
peroxide and holes
Ans: drift current
Conputer on a chip is called:
Ans: Transputer Process of adding impurities in the intrinsic
semiconductor
Transputer consists of Ans: Doping
Ans: 32 bits
What is reduced by using bundled conduction?
Nibble consists of ____ bits. Ans: Power loss due to corona.
Ans: 4
________ is also called modified Maxwell Wien
OP amp has a gain of approximately bridge.
Ans: 1,000,000 Ans: Anderson bridge.

The voice coil has an impedance between ________ is a bridge that compares the
Ans: 4 and 100 ohms. capacitance of the capacitor.
Ans: De Soutry bridge
Semiconductor have ____ bonds.
Ans: covalent It measures unkonown inductance in terms of
resistance and capacitance.
Nimak gantry robot has Ans: Anderson bridge
Ans: good precision positioning
An IC consists of passive devices.
Sulphation in a lead acid cell is Ans: Film IC
Ans: to incompletely charging
SI unit of luminous intesnisty
Nickel cadmium can be charged or discharged Ans: Candela
because
Ans: water is neither absorbed or formed. SI unit of illuminance
Ans: Lux
Daisy chaining
Ans: method used in determining interrupt A microwave diode that has a frequency range
priorities in a microcontroller. of 10-1000 GHZ
Ans: IMPATT diode
Who coined the term robot?
Ans: Karel Capek A microwave diode in the negative resistance
region.
LASER is classified as Ans: PIN diode
Ans: monochromatic. Coherent and collimator.
Schmitt trigger acts like a

1
 Ans: Latch GaAs is used for
Ans: Infrared light or invisible light
Fermi level is in the
Ans: Forbidden gap Tapped coil oscillator
Ans: Hartley
Invalid NAND flip-flop violation
Ans: S=0 C=0
Tickler coil oscillator
Invalid NOR flip-flop violation Ans: Armstrong
Ans: S=1 C=1
Tapped capacitor oscillator
Range of depletion width Ans: Colpitts
Ans: 0.5 and 1 um
The sediment that allows the bottom of the
Impedance matching lead acid cell
Ans: Transformer coupling and emitter Ans: Antimony Lead alloy
follower.
Two transistors in class B is in
Maxwell-Wien bridge measures Ans: Push-pull
Ans: Inductance
Photodarlington consists of
D flip-flop consists of Ans: Transistor and phototransistor
Ans: JK flip-flop, RS flip-flop and inverter
Largest voltage applied without irreversible
Uses binary counters damage
Ans: D flip-flop Ans: PIV

Ideal CMRR Thermal neutron is also called _____ neutron.

Ans: Infinity Ans: Slow

SCARA uses ____ operation Avalanche breakdown is due to

Ans: Assembly Ans: collision

Gold doping has an advantage of One nibble consists of

Ans: Reduced storage time. Ans: 4 bits

It is the time for the diode to be forward biased Large computer has a maximum of
to off time Ans: 64 bits
Ans: Reverse recovery time
Card readers can read about
The reverse current doubles in every ___ C Ans: 10.000 cards per minute
increase in temperature.
Ans: 6 Advantage of ECL
Ans: Lowest propagation delay
LASER and LED are in what spectrum?
Ans: Infrared spectrum. Schottky TTL has
Ans: Least propagation delay

2
 Main advantage of CMOS With Si, Z=14, it is
Ans: Low power Ans: Half-filled

CC voltage gain Formation of Si in valence shell

Ans: cannot be exceeded to unity. Ans: 2, 8, 4

Largest voltage applied without irreversible Volatile memory is

damage Ans: Semiconductor ROM
Ans: PIV
Semiconductor ROM is
Transputer operates in Ans: Combinational Logic circuit
Ans: parallel data
EPROM erases when strikes by
It is an IC consist of passive and active devices Ans: Ultraviolet rays
Ans: Monolithic IC
Bolometer acts like a
It is an IC consist of passive devices Ans: Thermistor
Ans: Film
Ondograph is
Discrete circuit Ans: A waveshape of voltage and current.
Ans: Digital circuit
Nickel iron cell consists of
Linear circuit Ans: NiOH, powdered iron and its oxide and
Ans: Analog circuit 21% of potassium.

Backhausen criterion is a condition that CE is

Ans: stops oscillating Ans: Phase reversal

Negative output swing occurs Photoconductive cell is also called

Ans: near saturation Ans: photoresistive cell

The smallest of all h parameter is

Positive output swing occurs Ans: hO
Ans: towards cut-of
The formula of h11 is
When dry cell is charged, Ans: V1/I1
Ans: It increased in volume
The h parameter consists of
Class C acts Ans: Construction, operating point and
Ans: as an RF amplifier temperature

Crystal uses Moving coil occurs in

Ans: RF transmitter Ans: DC

A class of amplifier that has 85% efficiency VTVM internal resistance is

Ans: Class C Ans: the highest internal resistance

3
 Ans: reverse bias
It measures magnetic properties of
ferromagnetic Ratio of Ah and Wh is
Ans: Permeameter Ans: greater than one.

Simple RL low pass measures -12 dB/octave, The capacity in a cell is measured in
corresponds to ___ dB/decade Ans: Ah
Ans: -40
In the IC, the SiO2 layer is
Rotational joins of the robot is called _____ Ans: isolation
Ans: Revolute joints.
A V/I characteristic curve is
Straight line joints movement of the robot is Ans: Boltzman diode characteristic.
called
Ans: Prismatic joints Early effect is also called
Ans: base width narrowing.
Input and output point
Ans: Handshaking Advantage of Swinburnes test is
Ans: very convenient and very economical.
RL high pass filter has a phase difference of
Ans: 45 degrees An IC consists of ceramic substrate
Ans: thin film IC
Who invented the microprocessor in 1969?
Ans: Ted Hof An IC consists of alumina substrate
Ans: thick film IC
Who invented the 1st IC?
Ans: Jack Kilby It is the development of a traverse electric field
in a solid material when it carries an electric
dI/dt of an SCR is current
Ans: local hot spot Ans: Hall efect

3 display maximum reading It is used when the input signal has periodically
Ans: 0999 occurring intervals in which the input waveform
is quiescent
3 1 mV reading Ans: synchronized clamping
Ans: 1000
A circuit that produces an output only when
Straight line method first activated by a preliminary pulse
Ans: piecewise linear method Ans: sampling gate

Improper biasing of IC Successive trigerring signal induces a transition

Ans: causes distortion regardless of the state in which binary happens
to be
One kWh of energy is equivalent to Ans: symmetrical triggering
Ans: 860 kcal
Both carrier drift and carrier diffusion depend
Junction breakdown occurs in on ___

4
 Ans: Einstein relation
Noise figure of MMIC (Monolithic Microwave
Microprogramming is Integrated Circuit)
Ans: A technique to implement the control Ans: 3.5 to 6 dB
logic necessary to execute instructions
within a processor. Unique advantage feature of CMOS
Ans: Power in a nanowatt range
It is used to measure a speed by cutting off light
at a regular interval Any charge in a battery when taken off the
Ans: Stroboscope vehicle
Ans: Bench charge
Thermal runaway is
Ans: is an electrochemical reaction that causes LASCR acts like a
a battery to heat and possibly explode. Ans: Latch

A kind of ROM that degrades its own memory

contents as the memory is read A word has
Ans: EAROM Ans: 16-bit length

An inductor operates at 400 Hz A double word has

Ans: Toroidal core Ans: 32-bit length

An inductor operates at 95 MHz A company who invented the word byte

Ans: Air core Ans: IBM

Data bus Degrees of freedom is the number of ______

Ans: It is data lines in a system bus. independent movements including the end
effector
In converting intrinsic into N-type extrinsic Ans: independent
semiconductor, which element cannot be used?
Ans: Indium An inductor operates at 400 Hz
Ans: Toroidal core
Pin resistor has industrial heating in
Ans: Hairpin form Percentage loss of the dc wound machine
Ans: 1 %
Any solid object has ___ degrees of freedom
Ans: 6 When dc voltage is removed, the clamper acts
as a
Flip-flop as a latch Ans: Rectifier
Ans: S-C flip flop
CMOS has extremely
PIN diode Ans: Large packing density
Ans: A microwave diode frequencies up to GHz
range. Solar cell has a principle of
Ans: Photovoltaic cell
Ip/Iv of a tunnel diode is used in
Ans: Computer application

5
 Sensor that detects change in resistance in Ans: Common base
extrinsic semiconductor
Ans: Spreading Resistance Sensor (SRS) Optocoupler consists of an
Ans: LED and phototransistor
Reduce the stray capacitance and capacitance
between bridge arm by grounding Optoisolator consists of an
Ans: Wagner Grounding Ans: LED and phototransistor

A meter sensitivity control in a test instrument Positive feedback

Ans: Linear Taper Potentiometer Ans: Oscillator

A volume control in a stereo compact disc Phase locked loop

player Ans: Frequency discriminator, FM detector
Ans: Logarithmic Taper Potentiometer
Air as inductor core has
Faster in retrieval and storage compared to Ans: Greatest efficiency
magnetic tape
Ans: Magnetic Disk What increases noise immunity
in op-amp?
It has more ripple in a bandpass and cut-off Ans: Hysteresis
frequency
Ans: Chebyshev filter Resisitve element
Ans: Horizontal axis
Darlington pair of transistors is _____ by Beta
factor. Reactive element
Ans: multiplied Ans: Vertical axis

CCD has ___ transfer electrons Sine wave with all harmonics
Ans: 6 Ans: Square wave

Neutral logic It abruptly changes from 2

Ans: Trinary logic voltage leads
Ans: Square wave
Totally true, totally false
Ans: Fuzzy logic 63.2 %
Ans: One time constant
Which is not a factor of capacitance?
Ans: Plate thickness A sine wave oscillator, sine
wave circuit
Ideal input impedance of an op-amp Ans: Crystal
Ans: Very high
Positive pulse on anode
Ideal output impedance of an op-amp terminal
Ans: Very low Ans: Turning on an SCS

With 100 to match with higher input 3 phase rectifier that uses 6
impedance, the configuration is rectifier element

6
 Ans: Gratz rectifier Ans: Magnetic resonator or cyclotron

What uses as marker of 100 Microporgramming

kHz? Ans: Sequence of five binary codes
Ans: 2 flip-flops
540 degrees
Feature of R-S to J-K flip-flop Ans: Phase opposition
Ans: Toggle
Power efficiency of solar cell
LC balance bridge Ans: 5% to 15%
Ans: Maxwell bridge
Thermal detector
Operator on microwave Ans: Bolometer
frequency
Ans: GaAs over Silicon or Germanium Exact location of data
Ans: Absolute code
J-K flip-flop frequency
Ans: Divides the frequency by 2. Fundamental frequency in all
harmonics
Small capacitance formed by Ans: Sawtooth wave
twisting 2 insulated wire
Ans: Gimmick Capacitor dV/dt of SCR
Ans: False trigerring
Modified Miller circuit
Ans: Phanastron Monolithic IC uses
Ans: Extensive large components
Converts step to ramp circuit
Ans: Miller circuit MOS IC uses
Ans: MOSFET
Servocontrolled robots are
robots within ___ mm range rather than a A diode with no depletion
fraction of mm. region
Ans: 2 Ans: Schottky diode

It is an electron tube which LED emits light because

emits photoelectrons when the cathode is Ans: Electron and holes recombine
eliminated
Ans: Phototube What is the difference on the
input impedance of BJT and FET?
It is a radiant energy absorbed Ans: A FET has high input impedance while BJT
by the radiant to incident energy has low input impedance.
Ans: Absorptance
Marking of scale to accept
Inventor circuit standard
Ans: Converts dc to ac circuit Ans: Calibration

Laurence or Living stone Zener diode is in

7
 Ans: reverse diode Ans: 5.6 V

The temperature coefficient of 3 superconducting inductor in

extrinsic semiconductor is parallel
Ans: negative Ans: Persistor

Voltage of selenium Application of semiconductor

semiconductor Ans: Wafer
Ans: 1 V
LC circuit is used for
It is preferred to manufacture Ans: Load current
diode and temperature rating
Ans: Silicon Power factor of RC is between
Ans: 0 and 1
Isotope
Ans: Abundance ratio Minimum Duty Cycle of Bust
converter
Electron hole pair is done by Ans: Dmin = 1 2fsLc
Ans: Thermal energy RL
Boost converter critical
JFET square law device is inductance
because Ans: Lc = (1-D)2DRL
Ans: its characteristic curve is parabolic 2fs
Buck Boost converter critical
Tank circuit inductance
Ans: Antiresonant Ans: Lc = (1-D)2RL
2fs
Cut-in voltage or turn on Buck converter critical
voltage current inductance
Ans: Exponentially increases Ans: Lc = (1-D)RL
2fs
Electron beam deflected from Typical CMRR
axial to enlarge Ans: 100 to 10,000
Ans: Deflection defocusing
Typical CMRR in dB
Equal ratio bridge Ans: 40 to 80 dB
Ans: Heaviside Campbell bridge
Accuracy of Wien bridge
Silicon oxide (SiO2) is for Ans: 0.5% - 1%
Ans: Insulation
Typical value of armature
APD is better than PIN diode is resistance
for Ans: 0.5
Ans: Speed of operation
The saturation voltage of an
Voltage for temperature op-amp is ___ smaller than the power supply
stability of zener diode Ans: 2 V

8
 Solid grounding has a voltage A transformer on the
below frequency of 15 kHz
Ans: 660 V Ans: Converter transformer

Resistance grounding has Ingredients of wet cell

typical voltage between Ans: Zinc and copper
Ans: 3.3 11 kV
Main ingredient of dry cell
Percentage conductivity of Ans: Zinc container
pure annealed silver wire
Ans: 108.8% It reduces gain to a limiting
level
Percentage conductivity of Ans: Limiter
99.5% pure gold
Ans: 72.6% First transistor
Ans: Point contact
Percentage conductivity of 63%
pure aluminum First fuel battery was invented
Ans: 63% by _____ in 1959.
Ans: F.T. Bacon
Corona is maximum on
Ans: transmission lines Unlike buck and boost
converter, the buck boost converter featured
Transformer that operates on output voltage:
the frequency range of 20 kHz to 20 MHz Ans: opposite polarity to input.
Ans: Carrier frequency transformer
Lattice in which the lattice points are only
JFET configuration for buffer shown in the crystal
amplifier Ans: Bravais Lattice
Ans: common drain
An error due to shortcoming of instruments
JFET configuration for good Ans: Systematic error
voltage amplification
Ans: common source An error that cannot be corrected
Ans: Random error
JFET configuration for high
frequency amplifier It is a substance where the bulk is composed
Ans: common gate Ans: Element
Typical voltage of lead-acid
The dc-dc converterwith Ans: 2.1 V
unregulated input voltage and regulated output
voltage What type of cell used in the emergency
Ans: SMPS (Single Mode Power Supply) system?
Ans: Silver-zinc cell
Corona is due to
Ans: radio interference Microcontroller consists of

9
 Ans: Microprocessor, memory, input and Ans: Decrease capacitance and inductance
output unit remains the same.

Percentage of the transistor current flows in the Undergrounding conductor is

collector Ans: Maximum at the conductor and minimum
Ans: 95% at the sheath

SMPC operates between ON state and OFF state A transformer that has a frequency range from
at a frequency of 100 Hz 150 kHz
Ans: 10 kHz and 40 kHz Ans: Converter transformer

A camera with imaging positron effect with Surge impedance of cable

multiple layer of silicon detector Ans: 50
Ans: Compton camera
Ideal input impedance of op-amp
NMOS is _____ than PMOS Ans: 50
Ans: 6 times
Formula for the increase % in saturation current
What is the diameter of the wafer used in Ans: 2((T2-T1)/10) X 100%
manufacturing?
Ans: 3 to 8 inches Ideal noise factor
Ans: 0 dB
Standard spacing for IC chip
Ans: 2 um and 3 um Vacant lattice site with missing atom relocated
to a interstitial space with no atom.
Advanced spacing for IC chip Ans: Frenkel efect
Ans: 1 um
FCC packing factor
BCC crystal structure Ans: 0.74
Ans: Chromium
Linear change of input
HPC crystal structure Ans: Ramp input
Ans: Zinc
Instantaneous, finite input
Another name for differential amplifier Ans: Step input
Ans: Subtractor
Indicating device orientation of object
A factor that determines the filter response Ans: Selsyn
Ans: Damping factor
An AC bridge that measures mutual inductance
Unity gain amplifier has ____ input impedance Ans: Heaviside bridge
Ans: Extremely high
One of the most important bridge in
Megger is determining link capacitances
Ans: used to measure high resistance Ans: Schering bridge

Increasing transmitter height Highest dielectric strength

10
 Ans: Glass Negative feedback
Ans: Increases bandwidth and decrease
High sensitivity voltage gain
Ans: Permanent magnet
Alkaline cell ingredient
A transformer in laminated core reduced Ans: Potassium hydroxide
Ans: Eddy current
Advantage of NiCd over lead acid
An analysis used for more than one voltage Ans: Cell on NiCd can be replaced
source
Ans: Superposition theorem By adding parallel circuit to the inverting
amplifier
Maximum magnitude of the output voltage Ans: Inverting summing
from an op-amp is called
Ans: Saturation voltage Linear amplification
Ans: Level clamper
A graph of amplitude versus input frequency
Ans: Bode plot Theory of magnetic flux in a closed system
equal to zero
Effect of recombination on depletion region Ans: Gauss theorem
Ans: Emission coefficient or ideality factor
Personal error
Magnetic amplifier operates at a frequency at Ans: Gross error
____ or less
Ans: 100 Hz Advantage of magnetic disk to magnetic tape
Ans: Easier to read
Most commonly used coupling
Ans: Transformer coupling The maximum current can safely handle
Ans: Ampacity
Typical LED voltage
Ans: 1.6 V JFET reference voltage
Ans: Source
Capacitance of disc ceramic capacitor
Ans: 100 pF Buffer amplifier gain
Ans: 1
A bypass capacitor at high frequency
Ans: Ceramic capacitor AWG no. 6
Ans: 0.395 /1000 ft.
Indicating device orientation of object
Ans: Selsyn AWG no. 12
Ans: 6350 cmil
Odd parity checker
Ans: XOR Indicating device orientation of object
Ans: Selsyn
Shelf life of lithium cell
Ans: 5 to 10 years A mass of 1.66 x 10-27 kg.
Ans: Unified amu

11
 Reciprocal of Avogadros number Pure ac voltage single frequency
Ans: amu Ans: Single pip

Electrostatic radius of an atom Cannot be used as a permanent magnet

Ans: 10-14 Ans: Caryon

Manipulator has ___ degrees of freedom In doubles Kelvin bridge, 1 to 10 u

Ans: 3 Ans: 0.05% - 0.2%

Arrange in data arrays Wien bridge oscillator

Ans: RAM Ans: f = 1/(2RC)

OS memory Most important IEEE standard interface

Ans: BIOS Ans: IEEE 488 digital interface

Voltage amplifier Common method of coupling used in cascade

Ans: Pre-amplifier amplifier stages
Ans: Transformer
Latest used data
Ans: Cache memory It is most obvious at higher frequencies
Ans: Corona

LIFO Early IC packaging method used in transistors

Ans: Stack memory Ans: TO (Transistor Outline)

Minimum distance of features in a chip PLCC

Ans: Geometry Ans: Plastic Lead chip memory

Number of elements not found in nature but It is used in Hi-Fi audio system to split
also prepared in laboratories frequencies to fed tweeter and woofer
Ans: 105 Ans: Crossover network

IC advantage Resistance offered by a PN junction in AC

Ans: Reliability conditions
Ans: Dynamic resistance
Minimum to maximum range
Ans: Span Characteristic of shared systems to avoid mixing
up of print outs or programs
1/5 of the Wi-Fi range Ans: Spooling
Ans: Bluetooth
Absorption of slow moving electrons by an
Temperature of Class B motor interleaving matter
Ans: 130C Ans: Ramsauer efect

Temperature of Class F motor

Ans: 155C

12
 If a load is removed from a long transmission
line, the sending voltage end is less than Measures the diameter of an atom
receiving end Ans: Ernest Rutherford
Ans: Ferranti efect
Ratio of the AC power supply to the plate
Corona results in power supply
Ans: Radio interference Ans: Plate efficiency

Ratio of thermal conductivity to electrical Electromechanical device that converts

conductivity is directly proportional to the electrical to mechanical by attraction of iron
absolute temperature of all metals plunger to the electromagnet
Ans: Weidemann Franz Law Ans: Solenoid

Color of neutral in 3-core flexible cable Lithium battery

Ans: Blue Ans: Microcomputer memory back-up

It is neglected in short transmission line analysis Protection against electric shock

Ans: Shunt admittance Ans: Earthing

It is located near transformer The heat generated melts the portion at the tip
Ans: Lightning arrester of the electrode and the base of the metal
Ans: Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
Volume of atom ratio to cell volume
Ans: Packing factor Advantages of PCB
Ans: Eliminates bigger chassis and point to
RLC circuit that provides undamped oscillation point mounting
Ans: Ringing circuit
Energy to raise the electron to another orbit
Contact between metal and heavily doped- Ans: Excitation
semiconductor
Ans: Ohmic contact It is used in high voltage and high current
application for most efficient regulator
Comparator with hysteresis Ans: Switching regulator
Ans: Schmitt trigger
What refers to garaging the two adjustments of
Negative electron an Ac bridge together in such a way that
Ans: Negatron changing one adjustment changes the other in
a special way, but changing the second
Input continuously increases constant output adjustment does not change first?
Ans: Level Clamp Ans: Orthogonal nulling

Four arm AC bridge measures inductance by Not common sine wave generator
standard capacitance Ans: Multivibrator
Ans: Maxwell Bridge
Range of degrees of freedom
Shows positions of lattice points Ans: Work envelope
Ans: Bravais Lattice

13
 Physical bend, twist, and reach
Ans: Manipulator Smallest ripple voltage
Ans: Multi-section LC filter
Poor selectivity
Ans: Wide bandwidth Highest torque
Ans: Series motors
It has amplifier and feedback
Ans: Electronic amplifier Motivating input in a control system which is
independent with the output
Maintenance of oscillation Ans: Command input
Ans: Flywheel efect
Development process of a microcrystal molten
Free electrons collidal to bound electrons Ans: Crystal growth
causing mere current carriers
Ans: Avalanche efect The voltage regulator, the component used as a
comparator
Magnetic leakage due to 100% coupling Ans: Op-amp
Ans: Electromagnetic efect
It is not an resistance welding
A particle resulting to an atom of an element Ans: Arc welding
combined to form a compound
Ans: Molecule Atom to atom bond on surface with oxide free
surface
P shell number of electrons Ans: Pressure welding
Ans: 72
Elimination of stray capacitance
Solid formed by covalent bonding Ans: Shielding and grounding
Ans: Crystal
2 identical shunt motor
The resistance in the magnetic path to the Ans: Hopkinson
magnetic lines of force
Ans: Reluctance In doubles Kelvin bridge, 1 to 10 u
Ans: 0.05% - 0.2%
The flux density in an iron core when the
magnetic intensity is zero AC voltage frequency converter from one form
Ans: Residual magnetism to another
Ans: Cyclo converter
When an electron rises to the conduction band
a hole is created in the valence band, this called Skin effect seen at
_____ Ans: High frequencies
Ans: Electron hole pair
Indicates the address of next instruction
Operating temperature of silicon. Ans: Program counter
Ans: -175 to 350C
Drift current is directly proportional to mobility,
Highly sensitive material diffusion is directly proportional to
Ans: Permanent magnet concentration of diffusion

14
 Ans: Einstein relation Discharge of electricity from a conductor with a
high potential
dV/dt in SCR Ans: Corona
Ans: False trigerring
Power transformer normally operates at ____
It divides an HF signal so that a low frequency alternating current.
counter would be able to display the operating Ans: 60 or 400 Hz
frequency
Ans: Prescaler circuit What probable effect on the human body if
subjected to a current of 0 to 1 mA, 60 Hz, AC
Responds to the variation in incident photon or 0 to 4 mA DC?
Ans: Quantum detector Ans: Perception

Draws less current from circuit under test
Ans: FETVM
It provides very high electrical isolation
between control ckt and power ckt, has high
impedance between light source and
phototransistor.
Ans: Optoisolator
It is used to measure variations by the changing
metallic resistance
Ans: Bolometer
Most common bolometric device
Ans: Thermistor
These are mostly used in robot than AC because
it can with stand large overload.
Ans: DC motor and stepper motor
What probable effect on the human body if
subjected to a current of 1 to 4mA, 60 Hz, AC or
4 to 15 mA DC?
Ans: Surprise
What probable effect on the human body if
subjected to a current of 4 to 21 mA, 60 Hz, AC
or 15 to 80 mA DC?
Ans: Reflex action
What probable effect on the human body if
subjected to a current of 21 to 40 mA, 60 Hz, AC
or 80 to 160 mA DC?
Ans: Muscular Inhibition
What probable effect on the human body if
subjected to a current of 40 to 100 mA, 60 Hz,
AC or 160 to 300 mA DC?
Ans: Respiratory failure

Converting sine wave to series of pulses What probable effect on the human body if
Ans: Timing Marker Generator subjected to a current of over 100 mA, 60 Hz,
AC or 300 mA DC?
Current regulator alone Ans: Fatal
Ans: Regulator IC alone
What is the effect of hydrogen surrounding the
What do you call a short circuit having anode of a cell which increases the internal
minimum resistance? resistance of the cell?
Ans: Dead short Ans: Polarization

What is used in measuring wires from number 0 What is the anode of a lead acid cell?
to number 36? Ans: Lead peroxide
Ans: AWG
What is the cathode of a lead acid cell?

15
 Ans: Sponge lead What type of extinguishers are used to
extinguish electrical fires?
What is the anode of a NiCad Cell ? Ans: CO2
Ans: Hydroxide
Under favorable conditions, the body resistance
What is the anode of a silver zinc cell? may be as low as ___ ohms
Ans: Silver oxide Ans: 300

What is the cathode of a silver zinc cell ?
Ans: Zinc
What is the production of the hydrogen gas
caused by a portion of the charge current
breaking down the water in the electrolyte?
Ans: Gassing
The body resistance is possibly as low as ___
from temple to temple if the skin is broken.
Ans: 100
In a voltage divider, bleeder current is usually
determined by the ___ percent rule of thumb.
Ans: 10

What is the shelf life of lithium organic cell and A theory of magnetism based upon the
lithium inorganic cell? electron-spin principle.
Ans: 20 years Ans: Domain Theory.

In what charge is the charging rate determined What action results in the increase in current
by the battery voltage rather than a definite that generates more heat and the cycle repeats
current value? itself until the diode draws excessive current?
Ans: Floating charge Ans: Thermal runaway

What charge is used to keep a battery at full What is the faithful reproduction of a signal in
charge while the battery is idle or light duty? an amplifier?
Ans: Floating charge Ans: Fidelity

Floating charge is sometimes referred to as ___ What dc generators are designed to act as high
and is accomplished with low current. gain amplifier?
Ans: Trickle charge Ans: Amplidynes

What is used when a battery must be recharged What is the range of the dc resistance of most
in the shortest possible time? motor armatures?
Ans: Fast charge Ans: 0.05 to 0.5 ohms

Electrical safety precatutions must be observed.
A fatal shock can occur from ___ ampere of
current.
Ans: 0.1
Voltages as low as ___ volts have been recorded
as causing sufficient current to be fatal.
Ans: 30
What is usually the lamination thickness of the
armature core of a small generator?
Ans: 1/64 inches
Mechanical rotation of frequency is measured
using a device called___.
Ans: Tachometer

16
 The rotation of frequency of recording devices
and teletypewriter motors can be measured by Magnetic video tape
the use of _____. Ans: Diagonal
Ans: Stroboscope.
What is an instrument that allows you to view Thickness of magnetic audio tape
rotating or reciprocating objects intermittently Ans: 1 mil
and produces the optical effect of a slowing
down or stopping motion? A sawtooth wave has a ____ added to become
Ans: Stroboscope trapezoidal wave.
Ans: resistor
What is an electronic flash device in which the
flash duration is very short, a few millionths of a Absent of current welding
second and can measure very rapid motion? Ans: cool sub-interval
Ans: Strobotac
1.5 H
What is a combination of watch and revolution Ans: Air pot core
counter?
Ans: Chronometric tachometer Who coined the term robotics?
Ans: Isaac Asimov
What type of bolometer is characterized as an
increase in resistance as the dissipated power Oldest welding
rises? Ans: Forge welding
Ans: Barreter
Klystron
What type of bolometer is characterized by Ans: High achievable power output
decrease in resistance as the power increases?
Ans: Thermistor Inert gas
Ans: MIG
What instrument is used for measuring radio
frequency (rf) power? Active gas
Ans: Thermocouple ammeter Ans: MAG

Which of the following robots is used for Antrophomorphic robot is

machining processes? Ans: more maneuverable
Ans: Cincinatti T3
It is also known as metal inert gas.
Kuka spot welding has ___ degrees of freedom. Ans: Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Ans: 6
Robot with facial expression
Exx1x Ans: Kismet
Ans: All positions
Toy dinosaur robot
Exx2x Ans: Pleo
Ans: horizontal positions
Snap acting switch
Magnetic audio tape Ans: Microswitch
Ans: Parallel

17
 Approach in which introduce factory Ans: E6013
automation technology
Ans: Islands of automation Can be prevented by arc welding
Ans: Arc flow
Degree of automatic.
Ans: Level of automation Faying surfaces in one spot
Ans: Resistance spot welding
Orange, blue and gray diode
Ans: IN368 Faying surfaces
Ans: Resistance seam welding
It is the welding electrode comes forward and
engage the metal pressing against the surface. Resistance of the work
Ans: squeeze interval Ans: Resistance welding

It is the welding in which the welding Mass of 60-lb IR robot

transformer energized and the current flows Ans: 60 kg
and create a weld.
Ans: weld interval Deep penetration
Ans: Submerged arc
It is the weld interval that is finished
Ans: hold interval Deep penetration
Ans: DC reverse
Welding electrode is retracted
Ans: release interval Medium penetration
Ans: DC straight
A time after release interval to the next start
sequence. Fast welding
Ans: Standby interval. Ans: Flash welding

It is a closed loop feedback control system in 10,000 to 50,000 Hz welding

which one or more of the system signals Ans: High frequency welding
represent mechanical motion.
Ans: Servomechanism. Image resolution
Ans: Dot pitch
Exx3x
Ans: Flat Voltage of dry electrolytic capacitor
Ans: 500 V
E60xx has a tensile strength of ___
Ans: 60,000 psi Apply electrostatic voltage in plastic
Ans: Electroactive polymer
With AC or DC similar to E6010
Ans: E6011 In electrolytic positive, ___ of the total heat.
Ans: 2/3
Major power supply of MIG
Ans: DCRP Prevents corona
Ans: Braid
Medium penetration

18
 450F below rotation). This can be hydraulic, electronic or
Ans: Soldering pneumatic.
Ans: analog control
above 450F joining of two metals
Ans: Brazing A robot or machine that resembles a human.
Ans: android
Metal active gas
Ans: CO2 A robot with rotary joints that can move much
like a persons arm.
Multimeter on the lower center switch Ans: anthrophomorphic robot
Ans: Range switch
An interconnected set of links and powered
Multimeter on the lower left switch joints comprising a manipulator that supports
Ans: Function switch or moves a wrist, hand or end effector.
Ans: arm
Aluminum D-ARsonval movement
Ans: Bobbin The ability of a machine system to perceived
anticipated or unanticipated new conditions,
Positive lead decide what actions must be performed under
Ans: Red the conditions and plan the actions accordingly.
The main areas of applications are expert
Negative lead systems and computer vision.
Ans: Black Ans: artificial intelligence

Angular momentum of robot Also known as assembly cell or assembly

Ans: Yaw station. A concentrated group of equipment
such as manipulators, vision modules, parts
GaAs disadvantage presenters, and support tables that are
Ans: more expensive dedicated to compute assembly operations at
one physical location.
Ans: assembly
Disadvantage of Transformer to capacitive
coupling The use of any one several techniques to
Ans: more expensive determine the presence or absence of features.
This technique include simple mechanical
A motor or transducer that converts energy probes and vision systems.
(electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic) into power Ans: automated inspection
used to produce motion or power.
Ans: actuator Automatically controlled operation of an
apparatus, process or system by mechanical or
The ability of a robot to position its end effector electronic devices that replace human
at a programmed location in space. observation, effort and decision.
Ans: accuracy Ans: automation

Control signals that are processed by directly A traveled path in space, usually referred to as a
measuring quantities (voltages, resistances or linear direction of travel in any of three
dimensions.

19
 Ans: axis
A robot in which motions are controlled by
driving each axis or degree of freedom against a
mechanical limit stop.
Ans: bang-bang robot
A platform or structure to which a robot arm is
attached; the end of a kinematic chain of arm
links and joints opposite to which grasps or
processes external objects.
Ans: base
A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more
workstations or machines and the material
transport mechanisms and storage buffers that
interconnect them.
Ans: cell
A manufacturing unit consisting of two or more
cells, and the material transport mechanisms
and storage buffers that interconnect them.
Ans: center
An assembly between two closely related rigid
members enabling on member to rotate in
relation to the other around a mobile axis.
Ans: complex joint
The use of an interactive terminal workstation
usually with graphics capability to automate the
design of products. It includes functions such as
drafting and fit-up parts.
Ans: computer aided design (CAD)
Working from a product design likely to exist in
a CAD data base, it encompases the computer
based technologies that physically produce the
product, including parts program preparation,
process planning, tool design, process analysis
and parts processing by numerically controlled
machines.
Ans: computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
A numerical control system with a dictated mini
or micro computer that performs the functions
of data processing and control.
Ans: computerized numerical control (CNC)
20
The unit of automatic work for a robot. Within a
cycle, subelements called trajectories define
lesser but integral elements. Each trajectory is
made up of points where the robot performs an
operation or passes through depending upon
the programming.
Ans: cycle (program)
The number of independent ways the end
effector can move. It is defined by the number
of rotational or translational axes through
which motion can be obtained.
Ans: degrees of freedom
The joint that connects the upper arm and
forearm on a robot.
Ans: elbow
Also known as end of arm tooling or simply a
hand. The subsystem that links the mechanical
portion of the robot (manipulator) to the part
being handled or work on, and gives the robot
the ability to pick yp and transfer parts and/or
handle a multitude of different tools to perform
work on parts.
Ans: end efector
Robots with little if any computer power. Their
only intelligent functions consist of learning a
sequence of manipulative actions,
choreographed by a human operator using a
teach box.
Ans: first generation robot system
Also known as nonservo robot or open robot. A
robot with stoppoint control but no trajectory
control.
Ans: fixed stop robot
Multipurpose robots that are adaptable and
capable of being redirected trained or used for
new purposes.
Ans: flexibility operational
An arrangement of machine tools that is
capable of standing alone, interconnected by a
 workpiece transport system and controlled by a
central computer.
Ans: flexible manufacturing system (FMS)
Also known as pedestal robot. A robot with its
base permanently or semi-permanently
attached to the floor or bench. Such a robot is
working at one location with a maximum
limited work area and in many cases servicing
only one machine.
Ans: floor mounted robot
That portion of a jointed arm which is
connected to the wrist and elbow
Ans: forearm.
An overhead mounted, rectilinear robot with a
minimum of three degrees of freedom and
normally not exceeding six.
Ans: gantry robot.
The grasping hand of a robot, which
manipulates objects and tools to fulfill a given
task.
Ans: gripper
An approach used to introduce factory
automation technology into manufacturing by
selective application of automation.
Ans: islands of automation.
The degree to which a process has been made
automatic. Relevant to the level of automation
are questions of automatic failure recovery, the
variety of situations that will be automatically
handled, and the conditions under which
manual intervention or action by human beings
is required.
Ans: level of automation
An electrical switched positioned to be
switched where a motion limit occurs, thereby
deactivating the actuator that causes the
motion.
Ans: limit switch
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A mechanism usually consisting of a series of
segments or links, jointed or sliding to one
another, for grasping or moving objects, usually
in several degrees of freedom.
Ans: manipulator
A method for the control of machine tool
systems. A program containing all the
information, in symbolic numerical form,
needed for processing a workpiece is stored on
a medium such as paper or magnetic tape.
Ans: numerical control
Developing robot programs partially or
completely without requiring the use of the
robot itself. The program is loaded into the
robots controller for subsequent automatic
action of the manipulator.
Ans: of-line programming
Software that controls the execution of
computer programs, may provide scheduling,
allocation, debugging data management, and
other functions.
Ans: operating systems
Also known as positioning. The consistent
movement or manipulation of an object into
controlled position and altitude in space.
Ans: orientation
The equipment used in conjunction with the
robot for a complete robotic system. This
includes grippers, conveyors, parts positioners
and parts or materials feeders that are needed
with the robot.
Ans: peripheral equipment
Also known as bend. The angular rotation of a
moving body about an axis that is perpendicular
to its direction of motion and in the same plane
as its top side.
Ans: pitch
Also known as photoelement or photosite. A
digital picture or sensor element, picture is
short for picture cell.
 Ans: pixel
The act of providing the control instructions
required for a robot to perform its intended
task.
Ans: programming
The envelope of variance of the robot tool print
position for repeated cycles under the same
conditions. It is obtained from the deviation
between the positions and orientations reached
at the end of several similar cycles. Contrast
with accuracy.
Ans: repeatability
A reprogrammable, multifunctional
manipulator designed to move a material,
parts, tools, or specialized devices through
variable programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks.
Ans: robot
The science of designing, building and applying
robots.
Ans: robotics
Also known as twist. The rotational
displacement of a joint around the principal axis
of its motionj, particularly at the wrist.
Ans: roll
A robot with a computer processes added to
the robotic controller. This addition makes it
possible to perform, in real time, the
calculations required to control the motions of
each degree of freedom in a cooperative
manner to effect smooth motions of the end
effector along predetermined paths. It also
become possible to integrate simple sensors,
such as force torque, and proximity into the
robot system ,providing some degree of
adaptability to the robots environment.
Ans: second generation robot system
A controller that operates an application
though a fixed sequence of events.
Ans: sequencer
22
A robot driven by servomechanisms, that is,
motors or actuators whose driving signal is a
function of the difference between a
commanded position and/or rate is measured
actual position and/or rate.
Ans: servocontrolled robot
An automatic control mechanism consisting of a
motor or actuator driven by a signal that is a
function of the difference between a
commanded position and/or rate and measured
actual position and/or rate.
Ans: servomechanism
The manipulator arm linkage joint that is
attached to the base.
Ans: shoulder
The maximum velocity at which a manipulator
joint can move; a rate imposed by saturation in
the servoloop controlling the joint.
Ans: slew rate
The use of two or more cameras to pinpoint the
location of an object in a three dimensional
space.
Ans: stereo imaging
The detection by a robot though contact of
touch, force, pattern slip and movement. It
allows for the determination of local shape,
orientation and feedback forces of a grasped
workspace.
Ans: tactile sensing
A robot system characterized by the
incorporation of multiple computer processors,
each operating asynchronously to perform
specific functions. It includes a separate low
level processor for each degree of freedom and
a master computer supervising and
coordinating these processors, as well as
providing higher-level functions.
Ans: third generation robot system
 The orientation of a view with a video camera,
in elevation.
Ans: tilt
A continuous position control response to
continuously changing input requirements.
Ans: tracking
A movement such that all axes remain parallel
to what they were.
Ans: translation
The acquisition, movement thorugh space, and
release of an object by a robot.
Ans: transport
The portion of a jointed arm that is connected
to the shoulder.
Ans: upper arm
Also known as the robot operating envelope.
The set of points representing the maximum
extent or reach of the robot tool in a directions.
Ans: work envelope
The envelope reached by the center of the
interface between the wrist and the tool, using
all available axis motions.
Ans: workspace
A set of joints, usually rotational, between the
arm and the hand or end effector, which allow
the hand or end effector to be oriented relative
to the workpiece.
Ans: wrist
The angular displacement of a moving joint
about an axis which is perpendicular to the line
of motion and the top side of the body.
Ans: yaw
What magnet is used in computer memory
circuits?
Ans: Ring magnet
What magnet is used in some meter circuits?
Ans: Horseshoe magnet
23
If the electrons of the atom in a material spin
more in one direction than in the other, the
material will become magnetized. This refers to
what theorem?
Ans: The Domain theory of Magnetism
What theorem assumes that all magnetic
materials are made up of magnetic molecules
which, if lined up in north to south pole order,
will be a magnet. If not lined up, the magnetic
fields about the molecules will neutralize each
other and no magnetic effect will be noted?
Ans: Webers theory of magnetism
What do you call a short circuit having
minimum resistance?
Ans: Dead short
What refers to a continuation of current flow
within an electrical cell when there is no
external load?
Ans: Local action
The amount of increase in the resistance of 1
ohm sample of the conductor per degree of
temperature rise above 0C is called what?
Ans: Temperature coefficient of resistance
What do you call the resistance to current
leakage through the insulation?
Ans: Insulation resistance
What is the common name for enamel
insulated wire?
Ans: Magnet wire
What term is general one and usually applies
only to the larger sizes of conductors?
Ans: Cables
The process of applying thin coat of solder to
materials prior to their being soldered.
Ans: Tinning
 The addition of atmospheric oxygen to metal to
form rust, or to cause a breakdown in the
internal construction of the metal.
Ans: Oxidation
What refers to a continuation of current flow
within an electrical cell when there is not
external load?
Ans: Local action
The maximum voltage that can be steadily
applied to the capacitor without the capacitor
breaking down (shorting) is called ____ of the
capacitor.
Ans: working voltage
What is meant by local action?
Ans: Current flow in cell with no external load.

A continuous jacket of lead molded around a The left side of the pulse
single conductor or multiple conductor cable. Ans: Leading edge
Ans: Lead sheath
The right side of the pulse
What do you call the force exerted on an Ans: Trailing edge
insulator by the voltage in a conductor?
Ans: Electrostatic stress What is the process by which an atoms gain or
losses electrons?
The discharge of electricity from a conductor Ans: Ionization
with a high potential.
Ans: Corona Any group of energy levels that results from the
close proximity of atoms in a solid.
A material that removes oxides from surfaces to Ans: Energy bands
be joined by soldering or welding.
Ans: Flux How many pulsations per revolution have the
output voltage of an elementary single coil dc
A synthetic mixture of rosins that is flexible and generator?
used as an insulating material. Generally used Ans: Two
as an insulator for low and medium range
voltages. How many commutator segments are required
Ans: Thermoplastic in a two-coil generator?
Ans: Four
The capacity of a soldering iron to generate and
maintain a satisfactory soldering temperature What is the distortion of the main field due to
while giving up heat to the material being the effects of armature current?
soldered. Ans: Armature reaction
Ans: Thermal inertia
What type of prime mover requires a specially
What is the working voltage of a dry electrolytic designed high speed alternator?
capacitor? Ans: Steam turbine
Ans: 500 V
What type of rotor is used in slower speed
If arcing should occur between the plates of an alternators?
oil filled capacitor, the oil will tend to reseal the Ans: Salient pole rotor
hole caused by the arcing. Such a capacitor is
referred to as ____ capacitor. What type of rotor is wound in a manner to
Ans: self-healing allow high-speed use without flying apart?

24
 Ans: Turbine driven type rotor length to the coil. The coil is wound on an
aluminum frame called ___.
What term is used to denote the difference in Ans: bobbin
speed between the rotor which is always
somewhat less than the speed of the rotating What is an important point to remember when
field? you are making an accurate resistance
Ans: Slip measurement?
Ans: Zero the meter each time you select a
What mechanical device reverses armature new range.
connections in motors and generators at the
proper instant so that current continues to flow BJT better than FET
only in one direction? Ans: radio receiver
Ans: Commutator
Wineglass
What motor characteristic is affected by Ans: Plasma arc welding
counter emf?
Ans: Speed plasma
Ans: Plasma arc welding
How is EPROM erased?
Ans: with a burst of ultraviolet light Slow speed
Ans: Salient pole
Whenever data is transferred between devices,
it involves the exchange of prearranged signals. High speed
What is this process called? Ans: Turbine driven type rotor
Ans: Handshaking
Differentiation
What test is used to check for opens (or to see Ans: Submerged
if the circuit is complete or continuous) and is
accomplished with an ohmmeter? Comparison solenoid
Ans: Continuity test Ans: Relay fixed core

What type of circuits are caused by some Human arm

conducting part of the circuit making contact Ans: Serial robot
either directly or indirectly with the metallic
structure of the ship or chassis? Input display signal voltage
Ans: Ground circuits Ans: Vertical deflection coil

Shunts are usually made from what alloy? Replacing DC motor/recently used
Ans: Manganin Ans: Piezo motor

What property of shunt is desired because of Rapid discharge of electrical energy

the heavy currents that often flow through Ans: Percussion welding
shunts producing heat?
Ans: Zero-temperature coefficient Hydrogen Electrode
Ans: E7018
In DArsonval meter, many turns of fine wire
would be used, each turn adding more effective False

25
 Ans: Air has the concentrated magnetic field Generators used
Ans: Magnetic
Electron gun tube
Ans: CRT Battery used as
Ans: chemical
Electron field tube
Ans: Electron beam Responsible of pulsating DC
Ans: Commutator
Multicavity Klystron
Ans: Variable electron speed Low voltage high power
Ans: Center tapped Full Wave
Fuse
Ans: Quick break type Oldest 1940 general magnetic phenomenon
Ans: Colding or cold contact
Magnetic frequency increases
Ans: Power output decreases Joints
Ans: Direct Kinematics
Cause of electrons due to the longitudinal
Ans: Magnetic field End effector
Ans: Inverse Direct Kinematics
Along a joint
Ans: Upset welding Nothing but to memory
Ans: Flag field
Fastest memory
Ans: Flash memory Unwanted connection
Ans: Fault connection
Tungsten electrode
Ans: TIG Frequency synthesizer used as
Ans: Divider
Use of non-interlaced monitor
Ans: Fast graph Output amplitude
Ans: Amplitude stability
CMOS disadvantage
Ans: cannot handle high power DC motor is preferred as driver in robotics
because
TTL Ans: it can withstand large overload
Ans: least susceptible to noise
Welding is not used direct source because
E stands for Ans: it is impracticable to draw heavy currents
Ans: American Wire Electrode
Atomic hydrogen is long lived because
Exceeding 450F Ans: ac is used
Ans: Brazing

Not exceeding 450F RF power amplifier

Ans: Soldering Ans: Common base

26
 Choke
Ans: passes dc but not RF
Multivibrator
Ans: Common emitter or common source
Algorithm better than ZMP
Ans: Dynamic balancing
One feet with small
Ans: Hopping
Automatic welding
Ans: 5 intervals
Control grid of a tube
Ans: gate of a FET
Impedance mismatch reactance output
Ans: Transformer
Laminated core
Ans: reduces eddy current loss
No load loss but not electrical loss
Ans: Windage
Manganese Dioxide Alkaline Acid
Ans: Alkaline Cell
Draws large amount of current
Ans: Rheostat
Increase RL
Ans: Improved Efficiency
Single coil
Ans: Elementary generator
3 classifications of robot
Ans: Anthrophomorphic,
articulated
____ for bones, ____ for muscle and ____for
degrees of freedom.
Ans: links, actuator, and joints
Early actuator
Ans: Elastic nanotube
Changing of electric energy
Ans: Electroactive polymer
Variable speed
Ans: DC generator
Constant speed
Ans: AC generator
More robot than worker
Ans: Japan
Transient suppression prevents
Ans: diode failure
Tunnel diode
Ans: Dr. Leo Esaki
Zener Diode
Ans: Dr. Carl Zener
Varactor diode uses
Ans: Frequency stability
2 terminal communicate
Ans: Handshaking
Highest fidelity
Ans: Class A
Portion
Ans: Class AB
SCARA, and FET amplifier
Ans: Class AB2

Connects arm and end effectors Medium penetration

Ans: Wrist Ans: E6013

Oxy fuel arc

27
 Ans: Oxy fuel gas welding Ans: Q = CV

Electrical requirement of arc welding Charge

Ans: high open circuit voltage Ans: Q = Qo (1-e(-t/RC))

Horizontal oscilloscope Dependent on gap

Ans: Time/division Ans: Charge efficiency

Joining of metals NRZI means

Ans: Welding Ans: Non-return to zero invert

Radio using tubes Pilot cell

Ans: Bulk and heavy Ans: identifies the condition of the battery

The purpose of I in PIN diode More likely to occur than zener breakdown
Ans: minimizes junction capacitance because lightl doped
Ans: Avalanche breakdown
1/16 to 5/16 in in diameter
Ans: American Welding Society How wire
Ans: measure dc and ac
Degrees of freedom for General purpose
effectors Dielectric constant of mica
Ans: 20 Ans: 6

Deep penetration welding Buck boost lossless

Ans: Submerge arc welding Ans: D = (V2)/(V1+V2)

JFET except Buck

Ans: transconductance Ans: D = V2/V1

Pinch off voltage Op-amp filter

Ans: Transconductance is zero Ans: Polysterene

Formula for IC with leakage current TTL

Ans: IC = IB + (+1)ICBO Ans: open circuit high level

IE I2L
Ans: IE = IC - ICBO Ans: bipolar saturated logic

ICQ EAROM
Ans: ICQ = IBQ + ICEO Ans: Degrade data if used

IEQ 6 rectifying elements

Ans: IEQ = ICQ + IBQ Ans: Gratz rectifier
Increase temperature leakage current
Ans: ICBO = ICBO (T2-T1)/10 Superconductivity thin film memory consisting
Charge of a capacitor of a superconducting inductor

28
 Ans: Permistor Illuminance
Ans: Lux
Register and counters are the same because
Ans: they have the same array of flip flop and Ripple sharp cutoff
gates Ans: Chebyshev filter

High Q Adds all harmonics

Ans: High selectivity Ans: Sawtooth

2 principles of detector Odd harmonics

Ans: Rectifier and filter Ans: Square

Microprocessor All even harmonics

Ans: ALU and control unit Ans: Push pull

CPU The single grid of vacuum

Ans: ALU and control unit Ans: Control grid

Simulate In low frequency cutoff, amplitude decreases by

Ans: Simulator ___ from midrange value
Servocontrolled robot Ans: 3 dB
Ans: Soft stop
Change in audio range
Nonservo robot Ans: 1 dB
Ans: Hard stop

Lowest resistivity at 293 K

Ans: Copper

BIG elements
Ans: Trivalent

PAA elements
Ans: Pentavalent

Analog preferred than digital because

Ans: of measuring signal strength

Opposing torques
Ans: Deflecting and restoring torques

Code that
Ans: Absolute code

Equal ripple
Ans: Eliptic filter

29