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International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169

Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121


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Design and Performance Analysis of FIR Low- Pass Filter using Bartlett,
Blackman and Taylor Window Technique

Pranay Kumar Rahi Sweta Manikpuri


(Assistant Professor) (BE Scholar)
Electrical and Electronics Engg Department Electrical and Electronics Engg Department
Institute of Technology, Korba Institute of Technology, Korba
Korba, India Korba, India
Pranay_rahi@yahoo.com Manikpuri.sweta123@gmail.com

Nidhi Sahu Rashmi Sahu


(BE Scholar) (BE Scholar)
Electrical and Electronics Engg Department Electrical and Electronics Engg Department
Institute of Technology, Korba Institute of Technology, Korba
Korba, India Korba, India
Nidhisahu15697@gmail.com rashmisahu125@gmail.com

Abstract Digital filtering plays an important role in the technology world. This paper deal with the design of finite impulse response digital
filter using window techniques. Various windows are compared and demonstration of the best window is done here, which is the one with
minimum side lobes. In the processing of Digital Signal Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter plays an important role. Using MATLAB the FIR
filter is designed and simulated. Through this paper the intricacies of the window methods are explained in a simple and delicate manner.

Keywords- Amplitude-frequency; Bartlett; Blackman and Taylor Window; DSP; FIR Filter; FFT; frequency sampling; MATLAB .
__________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION meet certain specific design requirements. Digital filters have


emerge as a strong option for removing noise, shaping
Digital signal processing is the technique in employment for
spectrum and minimizing inter-symbol interference (ISI) in
the mathematical handling of an information signal so as to
communication architectures.[3]
modify or improve it. Filters are mainly used for this purpose.
There are two major types of digital filters are.
The filter is used to illustrate a linear time invariant system
1)Finite Impulse response (FIR) filters.
used to perform spectral shaping or frequency selective
2)Infinite Impulse response (IIR) filters.
filtering. Filter is used in digital signal.[1]
processing is widely used in many ways, such as removal of
1] Finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a filter whose
unwanted noise from desired signals, spectral shaping such as
impulse response (or response to any of finite length input) is
equalization of communication channels, signal detection in
of finite duration, because it settles to zero in finite time. To
radar, sonar and communications, and for performing analysis
create the filters output , an FIR filter is implemented usually
of the spectra of a variety of signals.[2] DSP is used in
by using a series of delay, multipliers and adders. FIR filters
different areas such as image processing, spectrum analysis,
also known as feed forward or non recursive, or transversal
speech synthesis, robotic vision, sonar processing,
filters. A finite impulse response (FIR) filter is a that structure
reproduction, digital cameras, data communication etc. DSP
of filter which can be used to implement almost any sort of
system can be programmed and reprogrammed without
frequency response digitally. The unit impulse response is
changing in hardware. It has many advantages such as
finite; so FIR filters are stable system.[4]
guaranteed accuracy, perfect reproducibility, greater flexibility
and better performance. The signal which are used in DSP is
2] IIR filters may be implement as either analog or digital
derived from analog signal which have sampled at certain
filters. In digital IIR filters, the output feedback is immediately
interval to convert into digital signal. Digital filters are
apparent in the equations defining the output.[3] Design of
important class of Linear time invariant DSP system design to
digital IIR filters is greatly dependent on that of their analog
modify the frequency characteristics of the input signal x(n) to
counterparts because there are plenty of resources, works and
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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
straightforward design methods concerning analog feedback II.I BLACKMAN WINDOW TECHNIQUES
filter design while there are hardly any for digital IIR filters. Blackman-Hariss window is a higher-order generalized cosine
Note that unlike FIR filters, in designing IIR filters it is window. The Blackman-Hariss windows form a family of
necessary to carefully consider the "time zero" case in which three and four term windows. The variation on the coefficient
the outputs of the filter have not yet been clearly defined.[5] allows a compromise between main-lobe width and side-lobe
level. The Blackman-Harris window has one degree of
II. WINDOWING TECHNIQUES freedom which is used to minimize the level of the side-lobes,
A certain bandwidth is generated by using a truncated ideal and the other is used for the maximization of the roll-off rate.
low-pass filter in this method, and then we use a selected It defines the three-term Blackman-Harris window as the one
window to get certain stop-band attenuation. In signal which uses both degrees of freedom to minimize side-lobe
processing, a window function is a mathematical function of level.[10]
zero-valued outside of some chosen interval. When another The equation for the symmetric 4-term Blackman-harris
function or waveform/data-sequence is multiplied by a window of length N is
window function, the product is also zero-valued outside the =
2 4 6
interval.[7] 0 1 cos + 2 cos 3 cos ,0
1 1 1
The FIR filter design process using window functions can be 1
enumerated as. The equation for the periodic 4-term Blackman-harris window
1) Define filter specifications. of length N is
2) According to the filter specifications, specify a window
function. =
3) Compute the filter order required for a given set of
+ ,
specifications.

4) Compute the coefficients of the window function to be


used.
5) According to the filter order, compute the coefficients of The periodic window is N-periodic. The following table lists
ideal filter. the coefficients:
6) In accordance the obtained window function and the Coefficient Value
coefficients of the ideal filter, compute FIR filter coefficients. a0 0.35875
7) It is mandatory to change the filter order by decreasing or a1 0.48829
increasing it according to needs, if the resulting filter has a a2 0.14128
very wide or a very narrow transition region, and after this a3 0.01168
process the steps 4, 5 and 6 are repeated as many times as
needed. To design the FIR filter, the window techniques used
in this paper are.[6] II.III TAYLOR WINDOW TECHNIQUES
Due to the equiripple condition, the time-domain window has
II.I BARTLETT WINDOW TECHNIQUES discontinuities at the edges. An approximation that avoids
Bartlett suggested a more gradual transition in the form of a them, by allowing the equiripples to drop off at the edges, is a
triangular window is given below. The Bartlett window always Taylor window. This window has a greater amplitude level.
has zeros at the first and last samples, however, while the Taylor windows are widely used in radar applications, such as
triangular window is nonzero at those points. For L odd, the antenna designing.[9]
center L - 2 points of bartlett(L) are equivalent to triang(L-2).
III. DESIGN SIMULATION
,

To design the low pass FIR filter using MATLAB Parzon,
=
,
Taylor and Hamming Window the parameter specifications are
, given in table 1. As
Bartlett window is given by Table (1). Parameter specification
1
2
=1
PARAMETR VALUE
2
Where L can be N, N-1 or N+1. This window also known as Sampling frequency(fs) 48000 Hz
triangular windows.[8]
Cutt off frequency(fc) 10800 Hz

Order (N) 20

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Fig.8.Filter Coefficients of Bartlett Window Techniques


Fig.1 Time and Frequency respone of Bartlett Window
Techniques

Fig.9.Time domain and Frequency domain of Blackman


Window Techniques

Fig.2.Magnitude Response of Bartlett Window Techniques

Fig.10.Magnitude Response of Blackman Window Techniques

Fig.3.Phase Response of Bartlett Window Techniques

Fig.11.Phase Response of Blackman Window Techniques

Fig.4.Magnitude and Phase Responses of Bartlett Window


Techniques

Fig.12.Magnitude and Phase Responses of Blackman Window


Techniques

Fig.5.Impulse Response of Bartlett Window Techniques

Fig.13.Impulse Response of Blackman Window Techniques

Fig.6.Step Response of Bartlett Window Techniques

Fig.14.Step Response of Blackman Window Techniques


Fig.7.Pole/Zero Plot of Bartlett Window techniques

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

Fig.22.Step Response of Taylor Window Techniques


Fig.15.Pole/Zero Plot of Blackman Window Techniques

Fig.16.Filter Coefficients of Blackman Window Techniques


Fig.23.Pole/Zero Plot of Taylor Window Techniques

Fig.17.Time domain and Frequency domain of Taylor


Window Techniques
Fig.24.Filter Coefficients of Taylor Window Techniques

Fig. 25 Comparison of Magnitude Response among Bartlett,


Fig.18.Magnitude Response of Taylor Window Techniques Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques

Fig. 26 Comparison of Phase Response among Bartlett,


Fig.19.Phase Response of Taylor Window Techniques
Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques

Fig.20.Magnitude and Phase Responses of Taylor Window


Fig. 27 Comparison of Magnitude and Phase Responses
Techniques
among Bartlett, Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques

Fig. 28 Comparison of Impulse Response among Bartlett,


Fig.21.Impulse Response of Taylor Window Techniques Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Window Relative Mainlobe
Leakage
S.No Technique Sidelobe Width(-
factor
attenuation 3db)
1. Bartlett -25.8db 0.28125 0.29%
Fig. 29 Comparison of Step Response among Bartlett, 2. Blackman -20.2db 0.20406 0.19%
Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques
3. Taylor -13db 0.13346 0.09%

By using MATLAB 7.12.0 (R2011a) Simulation Technique,


we designed all above simulation of Low Pass FIR Filter using
BARTLETT, BLACKMAN AND TAYLOR WINDOW
TECHNIQUES.
Fig. 29 Comparison of Pole/Zero Plot among Bartlett,
All the above figures shows the difference in their
Blackmann, and Taylor Window Techniques
responses in the form of simulation which are time domain &
frequency, magnitude response, phase response, impulse
IV. RESULTS response, step response, pole-zero plot & filter coefficients.
Bartlett Blackmann Taylor
Frequency(khz) We performed comparative analysis of the filters, the
Magnitude Magnitude Magnitude
combined figure of which is shown above.
1. -0.0694397 -0.008294 -0.00375291

2. -0.1292026 -0.01959 -0.101215 V. CONCLUSIONS


3. -0.2884276 -0.168418 -0.10655506 The FIR Low pass Filter has been designed and simulated in
this paper using Bartlett, Blackmann and Taylor Window
4. -0.8306099 -0.78144 -0.05433
techniques. These Window techniques are thus compared.
5. -10.14575 -1.51919 -0.005159 Digital filters are common place and essential elements of
-12.0714 -2.478224 -0.01193764 everyday electronics. Because the coefficient of Digital filters
6.
are definite, they can be used to achieve much more complex
7. -14052853 -3.969243 -0.05569036 and selective designs. The result show that, the filter design
8. -16058651 -5.84133 -0.08664003 using Bartlett window function has a high main lobe width and
-18.5005 -6.08908 -0.0815704 sharp transition band compared to Blackmann and Taylor
9.
window function. It can be seen that the height of side lobes is
10. -20.72864 -7.594011 -0.0640522 the lowest using the Bartlett. The equivalent noise bandwidth
of Bartlett window also reduces as compared to Blackmann
window and Taylor window. Hence, among the three windows
Bartlett Blackmann Taylor the Bartlett is considered the best for designing of the low pass
Frequency(khz) filter.
Phase Phase Phase
1. -0.901213 -0.636602 -0.5867477 REFERENCES
[1] S Salivahanan, C Gnanapriya, A Vallavaraj, Digital Signal
2. -1.522476 -1.372913 -6.492574 Processing, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Education
3. -2.373835 -1.99034 -7.263399 Private Limited, 2010.
[2] John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolakis, Digital Signal
4. -11.29777 -4.835874 -7.942186 Processing Principles, Algorithms and Applications,
-12.0801 -5.664224 -8.682331 PEAESON, 4th Edition, 2008.
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[3] Sanjit K. Mitra Digital Signal Processing a computer based
6. -12.75122 -6.335341 -9.330438 Approach 2nd Edition McGraw Hill, 2012.
-13.44534 -7.7006457 -10.0399 [4] Michael Weeks, Digital Signal Processing Using
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MATLAB and Wavelets, 2007 edition, Infinity Science.
8. -14.08961 -7.742768 -10.92578 [5] Richars G. lyons, Understanding Digital Signal Processing
-14.7569 -8.505923 -11.6966 PEARSON, 2nd Edition.
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[6] A Nagoor Kani, Digital Signal Processing McGraw- Hill
10. -15.73864 -9.9005347 -12.61316 Education, 2nd Edition.
[7] Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer,Digital Signal
Processing, PEARSON Education, 2015 Edition.

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IJRITCC | May 2017, Available @ http://www.ijritcc.org
_______________________________________________________________________________________
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169
Volume: 5 Issue: 5 1116 1121
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
[8] T. Saramaki, Finite impulse response filter design in
Handbook for Digital Signal Processing, Edited by S. K.
Mitra and J. F. Kaiser, IBSN 0-471-61995-7 John Wiley
&Sons Inc, 1993.
[9] Oppenheim, R. Schafer, and J. Buck, Discrete- Time Signal
Processing second edition, Prentice- Hall,1999.
[10] Carnegie Melon, Notes on FIR Filter Design Using Window
Function, Siganls and System.

AUTHORS

Sweta Manikpuri pursuing Bachelor degree


of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering in 6th semester from Institute of
Technology Korba, Chhattisgarh, Swami
Vivekanand Technical University,
Chhattisgarh, India.

Nidhi Sahu pursuing Bachelor degree of


Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering in 6th semester from Institute of
Technology Korba, Chhattisgarh, Swami
Vivekanand Technical University,
Chhattisgarh, India.

Rashmi Sahu pursuing Bachelor degree of


Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering in 6th semester from Institute of
Technology Korba, Chhattisgarh, Swami
Vivekanand Technical University, Chhattisgarh,
India.

Pranay Kumar Rahi received Bachelor of


Technology degree in Electronics and
Telecommunication Engineering from Govt
Engineering College, Guru Ghasidas University,
Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India in 2004, and
pursuing Masters of Engineering from National
Institute of Technical Teachers Training and
Research, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Presently working as Assistant Professor in
Department of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering, Institute of technology, Korba,
Chhattisgarh, India since 2008. He has authored
more than 40 Research Publications and
Published Journal Papers in the leading
International and National Journals. His primary
research includes Digital Signal Processing,
VLSI Design, Control Systems and Digital
Electronics and logic Design.

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