A Bilingualized Dictionary of

Yorb Monosyllabic Words

L.O. Adwol
.
 Dedicated to

Professor Oldl
. Awbly
 Table of Contents

Pages

Table of Contents ii

Preface iv

Introduction 1

Yorb-English 3

English-Yorb 50

Yorb-Yorb 91
 PREFACE

The major problem with learners of Yorb as a foreign language is that of the
polysemic, homophonic or homographic clash which is found mostly in the monosyllabic
words of the language.

This work is compiled to help such students. It will also be useful for speakers of the
languages as a reference source.
 INTRODUCTION

The following are some possible monosyllabic words in Yorb.

In the Yorb language words-English Language definitions, the words are
arranged as follows:
(i) The vowel, consonant-vowel combination or syllabic nasal is listed with a
bold case, e.g. lo.
.
(ii) This is followed by the translation in English, e.g. 'to go', A colon follows
this translation.
(iii) The word is then used in a sentence in Yorb and this is translated into
English, e.g. Mo lo. 'I went'.
(iv) An entry for lo. will look like this: lo. 'to go': Mo lo. 'I went'. Note that a
word may have more than one translation in English.

It should be noted too that

(v) the low tone of a Yorb verb changes to mid before an object, e.g. b. 'to
beg' becomes be. in b.e Ol 'He begged Ol'
(vi) the rules of the high tone syllable apply, e.g. when a word such as Dda (a
name) occurs before a verb in a sentence, it becomes Dd as in Dd lo.
'Dada went'
(vii) we shall treat words such as rn 'to sew' in Mo rn bt 'I sew shoes' as a
word made up of a consonant-vowel combination but we shall not regard
the rn in rnt 'to remember' as one. This is because we regard rnt as a
single word which is more than a consonant-vowel combination.

In the English language words-Yorb language definitions, the words are

arranged as follows:
(viii) The English words are listed in bold case. A colon follows each of the
words, e.g. fry:
(ix) This is followed by the Yorb translation, e.g. 'dn'.
(x) An English sentence follows this, e.g. He fried meat
(xi) A Yorb sentence (in bracket) comes last, e.g. ( dn e. ran).
(xii) An entry for 'fry' will look like this: fry: 'dn' He fried meat ( dn e. ran).

In the Yorb language words-Yorb language definitions, the words are

arranged as follows:
(xiii) The Yorb words are listed in bold case: A colon follows each of the
words, e.g. b. :
(xiv) This is followed by the Yorb translation, e.g. tor . o. forj.
(xv) A Yorb sentence follows this: Mo b. . fn . s. . t mo s. . . .

L.O. Adwol
.
October 2003
 YORB-ENGLISH

Aa
(i) 'will/shall': lo. 'We shall go' (ii) 'it/her/him': Mo r 'I bought it'
(iii) us: S
. o f. k rn . lw
. ?
. >Do you want us to help you?'.
a (i) we: A lo. 'We went' (ii) used in the sense of 'people': A k dgb m
ly 'People don't grow old without getting married' (iii) used as a prefix for
deriving nouns from verbs and verb phrases: b e. 'to cut', ab e. 'razor'; dn 'be
sweet', adn 'sweet'; ko. w 'to write', akw . 'a writer/a clerk' (iv) 'it/her/him': Mo
gb a 'I swept it' (v) one: A gbd . . ma gbynj lti ran won . nyn mrn lw . .
>One should try to help other people' (vi) us: S . o nl p k a rn . lw . ?. >Do
you need us to us to help you?'.
(i) used as a prefix to derive nouns from verbs and verb phrases: b. 'to arrive', b.
'arrival'; (ii) we: lo. 'We will go' (iii) negator: A lo. 'We did not go' (iv) used for
emphasis: r 'He surely bought it'.
n it/him/her: tn n 'He deceived it/him/her.
an it/him/her: kn an 'He broke it'; rn an 'He sent him/her'.
n used for emphasis: kn an n 'He surely broke it'.

Bb
b (i) to join in doing something: b mi lo. 'He went with me' (ii) to help:
b mi s. e 'He helped me to do it' (iii) to meet/to find: bra r . nwj mi 'He
found himself in my presence', (iv) want: Eni . t b n l o. k l o. 'Anybody who
wants to go should go' (v) to befall: Ib b w on . 'Misfortune befell them' (vi)
happens to do something: E. ni t b l o. , jy 'Anybody who goes will be
punished' (vii) to have actually done something: Ni b lo. s il 'Thus, he went
home' (viii) Mo b a 'I overtook him' (ix) accompany: b Ol l o. sd . . dkt
>He accompanied Ol to the doctor' (x) hit: kta n b m >The stone hit me'
(xi) see: B mi d l >See me home' (xii) catch: Mo b a n If. >I caught up with
him at If. ' (xiii) smear: j.
. b a lw . . >His hands were smeared with blood' (xiv)
with: K s e. ni t ma n f. b r. . r. j >No one likes to fight with a friend'.
ba 'to hide': Mo ba s ab. igi 'I hid under the tree'.
b (i) to ferment: Kk n ti b 'The cocoa has fermented' (ii) to perch: Ey. . e
n b 'The bird perched' (iii) to foment: Mo ba egb r . 'I fomented his ulcer' (iv)
to hit: kta t so. b m 'The stone he threw hit me' (v) to be afraid: r . b m 'I
was afraid' (vi) perch: won . e. y.e b l . ka igi n >Birds perched on the branch'
(vii) settle: Ey.
. e n b sr . ka igi kan >The bird settled on a branch'.
b. (i) to burst: b. p.. 'It bursts' (ii) to cut: b. e. n or 'He cut his head off'
(iii) to jump: Om . o. n b . 'The child jumped' (iv) to buy a little quantity of a
commodity: b . tb 'He bought a little quantity of tobacco' (vi) to crack:
Orgb n b. 'The bitter cola cracked when it was eaten' (vii) to start: rn . ti b.
'Trouble has started' (viii) to puncture: Ty n b. 'The tyre punctured' (ix) to
 spat: b. it. 'He Spat'.
b.e (i) to be bright: be. 'It is bright' (ii) to peel: b.e i.su n 'He peeled the
yam' (iii) to speak cheekily: be. s mi 'He spoke cheekily to me' (iv) to exist: n
b.e 'It exists' (v) to be forward/to be screwed: Om . oknrin
. y.en b.e 'That boy is too
forward'.
b. (i) 'beg': b. m 'He begged me' (ii) apologize: O ti s. e. Ol. B. . >You
have offended Ol. Apologize to him' (iii) implore: b e. ol n k ma k
gbogbo ow won . lo. >He implored the robber not to take all their money' (iv) ask:
b. w lw . . >He asked us for communal help'.
b (i) to give birth to: bmo. 'She gave birth to a baby' (ii) to be annoyed: n
bn 'He is annoyed' (iii) If: B o l m n l . 'If you hit me I will hit you' (iv)
Question marker: lo. b? 'Did he go?' (v) how: k. mi b mo ti ma s. e 'He
taught me how to do it' (vi) that: n fi b un pa 'He says there is nothing but
that he will kill him' (vii) when/after: B ti r mi, in r. dn 'When he saw me,
he was happy' (viii) like: r b Ol 'He is like Ol' (ix) as: Se . b mo ti w >Do as
I say' (x) bear: Obnrin ye. n ti b om . o. m. w >The woman has borne ten children'
(xi) born: Odn
. t koj
. ni wn. b Ol >Ol was born last year' (xii) just: Ad wo.
le b mo s. e jd >Ad entered just as I left' (xiii) more: nyn b ogb . n
. l w nl
r. >There were thirty people in his house, more or less' (xiv) reproduce: Olgb
ma n b n . . mj ldn
. >Cats reproduce twice a year' (xv) such: Wn . n f. so t
kn fn omi b i osn . >They want some juicy fruit such as orange' (xvi)
whether: N m. b ma w tb k n w >I don't know whether he will come
or not'.
bi 'to ask': bi n br'He asked him questions'.
b (i) to vomit: b 'He vomited' (ii) b m 'He pushed me' (iii) to change
colour: A.so. n ma n b 'The cloth always changes its colour(s)' (iv) sick: Ol b
ngb t je. iyn n je. j >Ol was sick when he ate too much pounded yam'.
b (i) to peel off: b osn . n 'He peeled off the back of the orange' (ii) to
skin: Mo b awo. ej n 'I skinned the snake' (iii) to become grazed: Ara m b
'My skin is grazed' (iv) bleach: Obnrin n b won . a.so. n ngb t f. wn .
>The woman bleached the clothes when she washed them' (v) scrape: sub o s
b n e. s. >He fell and scraped his leg' (vi) run: A.so. mi tuntun b >The colour in
my new dress ran' (vii) bruise: fi ara b >She bruised her body'.
bo 'to hide': bo s ab. igi 'He hid under the tree'.
b (i) to cover: bo ab. n 'He covered the plate' (ii) to roof: A bo il wa
'We roofed our house' (iii) to have plenty of leaves: Igi rk n b 'The rk
tree is dense with leaves' (iv) smoother: Eruk b m >I was smoothered in dust'.
b. (i) to drop/to slip: b. sl. 'It drops onto the ground' (ii) to feed: b. om . o.
n 'He fed the child' (iii) to wash: b. oj 'He washed his face' (iv) to take off:
b. w. 'He took off his clothes' (v) to beat (as of the earth-floor): bl. . 'He
beats the earth-floor' (vi) to thatch: Mo b. il 'I thatched my roof' (vii) to leave:
b. s . hnknl 'He left for the backyard' (viii) to slough skin: Ej n b h . o. 'The
snake sloughed its skin' (ix) move: b. s iwj kls >He moved to the front
of the class' (x) shed: w on . nyn n b . a s. o. w on
. >The people shed their
 clothes' (xi) strip: Ol b. s. t r. >Ol stripped his shirt' (xii) take off: B. . w r.e
>Take off your clothes' (xiii) whip off: b. . w r. son . >He whipped off his
dress' (xiv) pull off: b. s. t r. >He pulled off his shirt' (xv) slip: Eja
. n b. n
ow. r. >The fish slipped out of his hand' (xvi) slip: b. . w r. >He slipped out
of his dress'.
bo. 'to worship': bo. r.s 'He worshipped the deity'.
b. (i) to arrive: n b. 'He is on his way' (ii) to be half-cooked: Eran
. n ti b.
'The meat is half-cooked' (iii) to thread a needle: n bo. abr. . n 'He is threading
the needle' (iv) to put on: Ad bo. . w r. 'Ade puts his garment on' (v) to shake
hands: b . . l w
. . 'He shook hands with him' (vi) come: Baba mi n b . >My
father is coming' (vii) return: Mo n b. nl lti il-w ni mo r i >I was returning
home from school when I saw him' (viii) stew: bo. e. ran n >She stewed the
meat' (ix) approach: won . t. s lo. b a ti n b. >The enemies ran away at our
approach'.
bon
. 'not to be new': A.so. r. ti bon
. 'His cloth is no more new'.
b (i) to abuse: b mi 'He abused me' (ii) to crack: kk n b n d 'The
pot cracked' (iii) to roar: Knn b 'The lion roared'.
bu (i) to be mouldy: ti bu 'It is mouldy' (ii) to cook: bu i.su nn in 'He
cooked yams in embers'.
b (i) to cut: ti fi ow
. . b 'He has cut his finger' (ii) to dip water out of: bu
omi nn kk 'He dipped water out of the pot' (iii) to break off: bu br.d 'He
broke off a bit of the loaf of bread'(iv) to honour: bu ol . fn un 'He honoured
him' (v) chip: won . gls y tt n b >These glasses chip easily' (vi) pay: ti
w lti bu w
. . fn un >He has called to pay him his respect'.
bn 'to give': bn mi lw 'He gave me money'.

Dd
d (i) to create: Ol. run
. d nyn 'God created human beings' (ii) to act
alone: d a s. e 'He did it alone' (iii) to be well: Ara mi d 'I am well' (iv) to
contribute: Mo d ow 'I contributed money' (v) to cease: j ti d 'The rain has
ceased' (vi) to throw to the ground as in wrestling: d mi m l. . ngb t a n ja
jkad 'He threw me on the ground while we were wrestling' (vii) to hit: d mi
ni igi' He hit me with a stick' (viii) to snap: Mo d igi n s mj 'I snap the stick
in two' (ix) to tap: d p.. e 'He tapped the palm tree' (x) to give thanks: d op. .
(e.g dp.) 'He gives thanks' (xi) not to have something: d . ow d a 'He has
no money' (xii) to be empty: Oj . d 'The market is empty' (xiii) to be down with a
sore: Sb ti d a 'He has got a guinea worm' (xiv) a pity (an idiom): Ig d 'It
was a pity' (xv) to be sober: Oj r. ti d 'He has recovered from his drunkenness'
(xvi) alone: Il n d dr >The house stands alone' (xvii) donate: Mo d ow
pp. s il-wsn n >I donated a lot of money to the hospital' (xviii) fracture: E.
s . r. d nn j mb t s. e. l . s i >His leg was fractured in an accident' (xix)
kindle: In igi t b tut s. ro d >It is difficult to kindle the fire if the wood is
wet' (xx) myself: won . r.
. mi ti jde, s. e ni mo n d s. er >My friends were out,
 so, I played by myself' (xxi) wear: ti d ih s s. t r.e >You 're a hole in your
shirt'.
d (i) to pour: da omi s ta 'He poured water outside' (ii) to become: K l
d? 'What has he become?' (iii) where is?: w n d 'Where is the book?' (iv) to
slew baby on the back: Wn . da won . om
. o. n 'They slew the babies on their
backs round the front' (v) to coil (as of ropes): da won . okn n 'He coiled up
ropes' (vi) to drive along: n da ml n 'He is driving the cow along' (vii) to
digest: Onje. mi ti d 'My food has digested' (viii) to flock along: Wn . n d yoy. o.
l o. 'They flocked past' (ix) to be accepted: Eb . o. y d 'This sacrifice has been
accepted' (x) to betray: d m 'He betrayed me' (xi) to have a squint: Oj r . d
'He has a squint' (xii) to bring out the food taken (the term is used for a child): O.
mo. n d 'The baby poured out some of the food he took' (xiii) channel: Wn . d
gbogbo ow r. s or w won . >They channelled all his moeny into their business'
(xiv) order: M d m k >Don't order me about' (xv) pitch: Oknrin . n da won .
a.so. r. t ti gb sn omi >The man pitched his old clothes into the river' (xvi)
spilt: Om d s w mi >The water spilt over my book' (xvii) sweep: won . r
n d wl. lti k >The crowd swept down the hill' (xviii) turn: ti da om . o.
dta. odn
. >He has turned fifty'.
dn (i) 'to be smooth': dn 'It is smooth' (ii) glitter: rka n n dn n ka
ow
. . r. >The ring glittered on her finger' (iii) sparkle: Dym nd. n n dn b in
ml. . n s. e tn s i >The diamond sparkled in the bright light'.
dan (i) 'to put spell on an original spell': dan Ol 'He puts a counter spell on
Olu's original spell' (ii) question marker: ti lo. dan? >Has he gone?'
d (i) to arrive: ti d 'He has arrived' (ii) to put a lid on: d ab. n 'He
puts a lid on the plate' (iii) to reach: Mo ti d ib. 'I have reached the place' (iv) to
start: j ti d 'It has started raining' (v) to get: Ow ti d s i lw . . 'He is now rich
(He has now got some money)' (vi) to put on: d fl r. 'He puts on his cap' (vii)
back: Bb mi ti d s il >My father is back home' (viii) cover: d ap e. n >He
covered the pot' (ix) return: Om . o. mi d ln >My son returned yesterday' (x) to:
Wn . won . aj n lti or d r >They measured the dog from head to tail' (xi)
turn up: K t d ibi i.s. n r. y >He hasn't turned up for work this morning'
(xii) wear: d fl kan >He wore a hat' (xiii) keep: D fl r e. >Keep your hat on'
(xiv) set: sk j ti d >The rainy season has set in'.
d (i) to tie: d 'He tied it' (ii) to await: jk d m 'He sat waiting for me'
(iii) truss: Ol. p
. fi okn de ol n >The policeman trussed up the robber with a
rope' (iv) tighten: De skr y >Tighten this screw' (v) hook: de a s. o. r. >She
hooked up her dress' (vi) govern: r . -at
. kun
. ma n de r
. -ork
. o. nn gblhn
>The preposition governs a noun in a sentence' (vii) mra sl . de oj . . n >He
made himself ready for the day' (viii) fasten: ti de kt r. >He has fastened his
coat' (ix) do: De s. t re. >Do up your shirt' (x) bind: Wn . fi okn de ol n
>They bind the thief with a rope' (xi) till: J. k dr de gb t j ma d >Let's
wait till the rain stops'.
d.e (i) to hunt: d.e gb. 'He hunted for animals in the bush' (ii) to incite: Mo de.
wn . s i 'I incited them against him'.
d. (i) to have a stupid character: d. 'He has a stupid character' (ii) to be soft:
Osn
. n d. 'The orange is soft' (iii) to become reduced: Ik. mi ti d. 'My cough
has become reduced' (iv) loose: B.lt y ti fn j, mo gbd . . d. . >I must loosen
this belt, it is too tight'.
d (i) 'to block': d ih 'He blocked the hole' (ii) stuff up: Im mi d >My
nose is stuffed up' (iii) bar: Wn . d n
. t lo. s il-w n>They barred the way
to the school'.
di (i) for: mra sl. di oj . . n 'He made himself ready for the day' (ii) to be
deaf: Et r. di 'He is deaf' (iii) run: Omi n ti di gbgbe. >The river has run dry'
(iv) bandage: Dkt di ow . . t Ol fi pa >The doctor bandaged Ol's cut hand'.
d (i) to become: di gbgbe. 'It becomes dry' (ii) to tie up: di igi 'He tied up
the firewood' (iii) to wear: di bb s d 'She wore strings of beads round her
waist' (iv) not to be interested: di gbnk . s r
. . n 'He is no more interested in
the matter' (v) to plait: di irun r. 'She plaited her hair' (vi) freeze: Omi n ti d
'The water has frozen (vii) to be reserved: di ara 'She is reserved' (viii) braid:
di irun r. >She braids her hair' (ix) bundle: M di won . a.so. y.en b. y.en >Don't
bundle up the clothes like that' (x) condense: Ooru omi gbgbn n d n ara
gls si n kan sl. b omi >The steam from the boiling water condensed on the
glass and ran down as drops of water' (xi) dress: Mo di ow . . t fi pa >I dressed his
cut hand' (xii) form: Igi pe. re. se. t n e. s. m. rin l ma n di tbl >A table is
formed of a flat piece of wood and four legs' (xiii) solidify: Omi n ti d >The
water has solidified' (xiv) truss: Ol . p
. n fi okn di ol n >The policeman
trussed up the robber with a rope' (xv) turn: ti di ol . t.
. >He has turned traitor'
(xvi) till: J. k dr di gb t j ma d >Let's wait till the rain stops'.
dn (i) to fry: dn e. ran 'He fried meat' (ii) to reduce: dn ow oj . 'He
reduced the price of the good' (iii) discount: A dn o. n nr m.w >We shall
give you a discount of ten naira' (iv) decline: Iye om . o. il-w t w nb ti dn
>There had been a decline in the number of students here'.
d (i) to settle: d s bdn 'He settled at bdn (ii) a vulgar language for
to have sexual intercourse with: d o 'He had sexual intercourse with her'.
d 'something (always used in a negative sentence)': K mo. d 'He knows
nothing'.
d (i) to slaughter: d u 'He slaughtered it' (ii) to darken/to blacken: re. . d
'He dyed it to a dark colour'.
du 'to run': du lo. 'He rushed away.
d (i) to compete for/to scramble for: Wn . du ip n 'They compete for the
post' (ii) to deny: fi ip mi d m 'He denied me of my post' (iii) vie: W n . n du
. bn ip kn >They were vying for first prize'.
dn (i) 'to give forth a sound': dn b bon . 'It sounds like a gun'; bon . n
dn 'The report of the gun was audible' (ii) squeak: Il kn . n dn ngb t mo s. i
>The door squeaked when I opened it' (iii) ring: Fn n dn >The telephone is
ringing'.
dn (i) to pain: dn m 'It pained me' (ii) to be sweet: dn 'It is sweet' (iii)
to be moist: j dun il. 'Rain has moisten the ground' (iv) delicious: Ob. . y dn
 >This soup is delicious' (v) hurt: Es . . mi n dn m >My leg hurts' (vi) pity: dn
w p o ti yra tt n lo. >It is a pity that you have to go so soon' (vii) sad: dn
m lti gb. p bb re. ti k >I am very sad to hear that your father has died' (viii)
sadden: ryn ik r. dn m >I was saddened by the news of his death' (ix) sorry:
dn m, n k l w s pat r.e >I am sorry, I can't come to your party' (x) tasty:
Onj.e y.en dn >That was a tasty meal' (xi) pleasant: Onje. n dn l. nu >The
food was pleasant to the taste'.

Ee
'her/him/it': Mo p 'I called him'.
e (i) 'her/him/it': Mo g e 'I cut it' (ii) used as a prefix to form nouns from
verbs and verb phrases: gb. >to carry', egb >a charm that carries one from one
place to another.
(i) used as a prefix to form nouns from verbs and verb phrases: r 'to think',
r 'thought' (ii) used for emphasis: Mo s. e 'I surely did it'.
E.
.e

. (i) 'her/him/it': Mo b. . 'I beg him' (ii) will: E. . lo. >You will go'.
e. (i) you (plural): E. je. un 'You (people) ate' (ii) respectfully used when
addressing one person: E. wol . 'Please, come in' (iii) your: Ok . o. e. 'Your husband'
(vi) used as a prefix to form nouns from verbs and verb phrases: r 'to carry', e. r
'a load' (v) 'her/him/it': Mo b. e. 'I cut it'.
. (i) his/her: A.so. . 'His clothes' (ii) you (plural); it is also respectfully used to
address one person: . b lo. 'You should have gone' (iii) used as a prefix to form
nouns from verbs and verb phrases: sn 'to worship', . sn 'religion': r 'to see; . r
'evidence' (iv) used for emphasis: Mo b. . . 'I surely begged him'.

Ff

f 'to shave': f irun r . 'He shaved his hair'; f ob . . dn 'He scrapped out the
remaining of the soup and threw it away'.
f (i) to drag: f jde 'He dragged him out' (ii) to crawl: Om . o. n n f 'The baby is
crawling' (iii) to inhale/to sniff: f sm 'He inhaled it' (iv) to cause: y l f
'This is what caused it' (v) to long for: Okn-an
. r. n f m 'I feel like seeing him'
(vi) to draw: fa il 'He drew a line' (vii) to conduct to a house: Wn . fa yw mi
fn mi 'They conducted my bride to my house' (viii) to draw water: fa omi lti
in knga 'He drew water from the well (ix) to have dried saliva on mouth: fa
lala 'He has dried saliva on his mouth' (x) to desire one's company: f m, n k
sn m. on. 'He desired my company but I kept aloof' (xi) to be sluggish: n f g.
l. 'He is a sluggish person' (xii) to be elastic: n f bi rb
. 'It is elastic' (xiii) to
become smaller: Owo r. ti f 'The boil on his body has become smaller' (xiv) to
spread: Er y f kl. 'The beans have spread' (xv) to be out of sorts: Ara r. f
He is out of sorts' (xvi) to pull: f ' He pulled it' (xvii) to hold: f m l w . .
 'He held my hand' (xviii) absorb: A.so. n fa gbogbo omi in ab. n >The cloth
absorbed all the water in the bowl' (xix) dull: f >He is dull; (xx) due: Onj e.
burk ni fa sn r. >His illness was due to bad food' (xxi) puff: n fa sg r.
>He puffed at his cigarete' (xxii) root: K ni fa whl t w n rn w o. ti
Ol? >What is the root of the trouble between you and Ol?' (xxiii) rule: fa l
s ab. orko. r. >He ruled a line under his name' (xxiv) scramble: Om . o. n f gun
k n >The child scrambled up the hill' (xxv) set: K ni f t aj n fi n gb?
>What has set the dog barking?' (xxvi) slow: f d. >He is a bit slow' (xxvii)
strain: fa okn n >He strained on the rope' (xxviii) stretch: R . b n f
>Rubber stretches' (xxix) stupid: f pp. >He is very stupid' (xxx) tardy: fin
ma n sb f lti s. e nnkan s wjo. t n y pad >The law is often tardy in
reaction to the changing society' (xxxi) tug: Olgb n n fa okn bt mi >The
cat was tugging at my shoe-lace' (xxxii) warrant: K ni fa ir fojdi b . . ?
>What warrants such insolence?' (xxxiii) whip: fa b . e. kan yo. >He whipped out
a knife' (xxxiv) wrench: fa eyn n s yo. . jde >He gave the tooth a wrench
and it came out' (xxxv) yank: fa eyn kan tu >He yanked out a tooth'.
f. (i) to want: f. ow 'He wants money' (ii) to love/to like: f. mi 'He loves me' (iii) to
marry: 'O f. . 'He married her' (iv) about to: f.. r. m 'I am about to become
tired' (v) wish: Mo f. r mm r.e >I wish to see your mother' (vi) settle: K ni o f e.
lti s. e npa r.? >What have you settled to do about it?' (vii) long: Mo f. r mm
mi, ti p. t ti lo. >I longed to see my mother, she has been away for a long time'
(viii) keen: S. o f. w? . >Are you keen on swimming?' (ix) intend: N n, mo f .
ko. l.t mi >Today, I intend to write my letter' (x) fond: Mo ma n f. je. e. ran >I am
fond of eating meat' (xi) flow: At. gn f. wo. in yr n nigb t s. frs >Air
flowed into the room when he opened the window' (xii) eager: n f. lti fi i.s. r.
hn m >He is eager to show me his work' (xiii) blow: Af. f. f. n n >The wind
blew yesterday' (xiv) desire: f. ow >He desired money' (xv) dispose: S . o f.
b mi ko. l.t y b k n b.e Ol? >Are you disposed to help me write this letter,
or shall I ask Ol?'.
f. (i) to expand/to enlarge: n f. 'It is expanding; f.e ih n 'He enlarged the hole' (ii)
to be extensive: f. 'It is extensive' (iii) to sit relaxedly: f. 'He sat relaxedly'
(iv) broad: jk r. f. >He has a broad shoulder' (v) deep: Ohn r. f. >He has a
deep voice'.
fi (i) to take something to do another thing (to use): fi b. . e g e 'He uses a knife to cut it'
(ii) to swing: fi okn n 'He swings the rope' (iii) to put: Fi i sb . 'Put it there'
(iv) apply: Dkt fi ogn s egb r. >The doctor applied some medicine on his
cut' (v) at: A fi om . oknrin
. n r.rn-n >We laughed at the boy' (vi) in: P ns
. ni
wn. fi ko. won . r. . n >The words were written in pencil (vii) lay: Fi w n l
or tbl >Lay the book on the table' (viii) place: fi w kan s iwj r. >He
placed a book in front of her' (ix) wear: fi dd ha ih btnn . r. >He wore a
flower in her button hole' (x) spend: fi gbogbo kk r. kw >He spent all his
time reading' (xi) keep: fi skn . >He kept it in mind' (xii) slip: fi nr m .
w b. . lw. . >He slipped ten naira into his hand' Also, note the use of fi in the
following sentences: (a) fi a.so. le. . w 'He patched his clothes with cloth' (b) n
 w n
. t y fi jde 'He is seeking some way out' (c) fi m n . p j.e 'He took
away my groundnut and ate it' (d) Ngb t fi n s. e t.s ni 'It was at the time he
was working as a teacher' (e) l t b. . t fi k 'He beat him so hard that he
died' (f) Hu w t wn . fi l f.rn re. 'Behave in a way whereby they can love you'
(g) K l s. e t o fi yra b.. ? Whatever has made you so fast?' (h) ro gbogbo
ohun t fi s. e fn mi 'He grumbled to me about what he did to him'
f (i) to whirl something round: Mo fi apa mi 'I swung my arm round and round' (ii) to
dangle: n f dorodoro 'He is dangling and oscillating to and fro' (iii) to be too
much: Nr kan f lw . . lti n fn mi 'Even a naira is irksome to him to spend
for me' (iv) wave: fi agborn r. >He waved his umbrella'.
fn (i) fi Sheltox fn yr n 'He sprays the room with Sheltox' (ii) to blow: fn in
'He blew the fire to make it burn up' (iii) to be acceptable: Eb . o. fn 'The sacrifice
would be accepted by the deities, e.g. good-luck' (iv) to cut patterns on something:
fn igb 'He carved patterns on the calabash'.
f (i) to be clear: Il. ti f 'The ground is clear' (ii) to float: f lr omi 'It floated on the
river'.
f (i) to jump: f 'He jumped over it' (ii) to fly: Ey. . e n f >The bird flew' (iii) drift:
y. n f koj
. nn af. f. >The feather drifted past in the wind' (iv) leap: Aj n
fo tbl n koj . >The dog leapt over the table' (v) rise: Ey. . e n f sk lj
fruf >The bird rose high above the sky' (vi) spring: f sk >He sprang up'
(vii) vault: fo f.ns n s s lo. >He vaulted the fence and ran away' (viii)
clear: fo e. s. bt m.f >He cleared six feet'.
f. (i) to smash: f. wo 'He smashed the plate' (ii) to ache: Or n f. mi 'I have headache'
(iii) to be blind: f. n oj 'He is blind' (iv) to spoil: f. i.s. mi p. 'He spoiled
my work' (v) to fossick about: n f. igb kiri 'He is fossicking about in the 'bush'
(to find some useful items)' (vi) to squash together to form a solid mass: f. won
p. 'He squashed them together to form a solid mass' (vii) to shout out boastingly:
n f. t 'He is shouting out boastingly (viii) to leak out secret: Sngb f! . 'The
secret leaked out (e.g The cat is out of the bag)' (ix) squash: won . tmt ppn. t
w n sl. pt n ti f. >The ripe tomatoes at the bottom of the box had been
squashed' (x) crash: kk n f. ml. . >The pot crashed to the floor' (xi) broken:
O gbd . . sanw frs t o f. >You have to pay for the broken window' (xii)
break: kta n f. frs n >The stone broke the window'.
f. (i) to wash: fo. a.so. n 'He washed the cloth' (ii) f. s mi 'He spoke to me' (iii)
bathe: Fo. egb re. k o t d >Bathe your wound before you tie it up (iv) scrub:
Fo. il. >Scrub the floor'.
fn
. (i) to scatter: fn . er s or il. 'He scattered the beans on the ground' (ii) to boast:
O n f n
. e. nu 'He is boasting' (iii) to drizzle: j n f n. 'It is drizzling' (iv) to
sprinkle: Mo fn . omi s i 'I sprinkled water on it' (v) smear: Wn . fn
. sokolt s
om
. o. n lj >They smeared the child's face with chocolate'.
fon
. (i) to blow: fon . fr n 'He blows the whistle', (ii) to trumpet: fon . ikun 'He blew
his nose', Ern f on . 'The elephant trumpeted' (iii) to become thin: fon . 'He is
emaciated' (iv) play: Wn . fon. fr 'They played a wood wind'.
fn
. (i) to collect: fon . in/in ni fn. 'He took burning wood out of fire so as to ignite
 another fire' (ii) to run: fn
. n. 'He took to his heels'.
fn (i) to squeeze: fn mi lw . . 'He squeezed my hand' (ii) to give: fn mi lw 'He
gave me money' (iii) for: Mo d fl fn un 'I put on his cap for him/I put on a cap
(on my head) for him (iv) to/for: t fn mi 'He sold it to me' (v) against: s. e
jmb fn mi 'He did some injury to me' (vi) to be tight: fn 'It is tight' (vii) on
account of: n jy fn . s. . r . 'He is being disciplined for his offences (viii)
wring: O fn tw. l n s s a sta lti gbe. 'He wrung the towel and hung it out
to dry'(viii) white: fn b . gbn . w 'It is as white as a cotton carded ready for
spinning' (ix) submit: Mo fn olk. n n w mi 'I submitted my paper to the
teacher' (x) squash: won . bt tuntun y fn mi l. s. 'These new shoes squash my
feet up' (xii) return: Mo fn un n gbogbo ow t mo je. . 'I returned him all the
money I owed him' (xiii) provide: A fn won . n onje. 'We provided them with
food' (xiv) pinch: won . bt y fn mi 'These shoes pinch me' (xv) jam: Mo fn
gbogbo a.so. mi m. in pt kker n 'I jammed all my clothes into the small
box' (xvi) issue: fn won . om. o. n n p.. n 'He issued pens to the children'
(xvii) help: fn mi n rs d. 'He helped me to some rice' (xviii) grant: Wn .
fn won. om. o. n n sinmi 'The children were granted a holiday' (xix) hand: Fn
mi n w y.en 'Hand me that book' (xx) dispense: N. s . n fn won . alsn n
n gn onkr 'The nurse dispensed some pills to the ill people' (xxi) crust:
fn osn
. n k ba l mu omi in r. 'He crushed the orange so he could drink
the juice' (xxii) behalf: Mo san ow n fn o. 'I paid the money on your behalf'
(xxiii) transfer: fn mi n ohun n r. 'He transfered his property to me'.
fun (i) to blow: fun fr 'He blows the whistle' (ii) to play: W n . fun fr 'They played a
wood wind'.

Gg
g 'to be tired': g mi (slang) 'I am tired/I give up'.
ga (i) 'to be high': ga 'He is tall' (ii) great: Pat ye. n ga 'That party was great' (iii) shoot:
Ol tt n ga s i 'Ol is shooting up fast' (iv) soar: Iye t w n . n ta gbdo ti ga
ntor ogun 'The price of grain has soared because of war' (v) taller: Ol ga ju Ad
'Ol is taller than Ad' (vi) lofty: k y.en ga 'That is a lofty mountain'.
g 'to open': ga agbrn-un r. 'He opened his umbrella'.
gn (i) to cut: gn an lr 'He cut off his head' (ii) to use economically: gn an l 'He
used it economically' (iii) to hit: gn an 'He hit him on the palm with 'kt'
(small snail-shell) (iv) to tack: gn a.so. n 'He tacked the clothes'.
gan (i) 'to be hardened': Brd . n ti gan 'The loaf of bread has become hardened' (ii)
stale: Br.d n ti gan 'The bread has gone stale'.
gn (i) 'to despise': gn n 'He despised him' (ii) sneer: gn m 'He sneered at me'.
g (i) to cut: g e. ran 'He cut the meat' (ii) to dribble: Mo g e n g 'I dribble him' (iii)
mow: won . oknrin
. n n g oko 'The men are mowing the grass' (iv) segment:
g. r
. . n s g 'He segmented the word into segments' (v) sever: g or
ewr. n kr n ara r. 'He severed the head of the goat from its body' (vi) trim:
g irun r. `He trimmed her hair'.
g. (i) to cut: g.e irun 'He cut his hair' (ii) to pet: g. m 'He petted me' (iii) to put
something on in a jaunty way: ge. gl 'She puts on her head-kerchief in a jaunty
way'.
g. to be tired (slang): g. mi 'I am tired'.
go. to lurk in hiding: go. 'He lurked in hiding'.
g . (i) to be stupid: g . 'He is stupid' (ii) to release: g o. b on . r . 'He released the
hammer of his gun' (iii) fool: g. . fi e. ran r. s d
. . olgb 'He is a fool. He left
his meat with the cat'.
gn (i) to be straight: gn 'It is straight' (ii) to pound: gn iyn 'He pounded yams'
(iii) to stab: gn un lb. . e 'He stabbed him with a knife' (iv) to fledge: Ey. . e n
gn y. 'The bird is fledged' (v) to prick: gn
. gn un l.s. 'A thorn pricked him in
the leg' (vi) jab: Ngb t mo n rn a.so, . mo fi ab.r. gn ara mi nka 'When I was
sewing, I jabbed my finger with a needle' (vii) penetrate: Ab . r. gn un n ka 'The
needle penetrated the skin of her finger' (viii) pierce: Of . gn un lp 'The arrow
pieced his arm' (ix) puncture: Ab. r. gn un lra 'The needle punctured her skin'
(x) shrug: gn jk 'She shrugged her shoulder' (xi) stick: fi ab . r. gn ka r.
'He stuck the needle through his finger' (xii) thrust: fi b. . e gn t
. r. n okn
. 'He
thrust a knife into his enemy's heart'.
gn (i) to be long: gn 'It is long' (ii) to climb: gun igi 'He climbed the tree' (iii) to
copulate: gun obnrin r. 'He copulated with his wife' (iv) to be installed: gun
or oy 'He was installed a chief' (v) to be pregnant: Ewr. n ti gn 'The goat is
pregnant' (vi) to accede: gun or t. 'He acceded to the throne' (vii) mount:
gun e. s. in r. 'He mounted his horse' (viii) ride: gun k. k. 'He rode a bicycle'.

GBgb
gb (i) to fry: gb epo n 'He fried the red palm oil' (ii) to kick: gb b . l . 'He
kicked the ball' (iii) to sweep: gb il. 'He swept the floor' (iv) to slap: gb mi
lt 'He slapped my ears' (v) to run after: gb ti m 'He ran after me' (vi) hit:
gb mi lbr 'He hit me with his hand' (vii) smite: won . ornkn r. n gb ara wo.
n 'His knees smote together' (viii) struck: gb mi lgb n . 'He struck me on the
chin' (ix) box: gb mi lt 'He boxed my ears'.
gb (i) to accept: gb ow 'He accepted the money' (ii) to manage to do something: .
n t mo l gb s. e n y.en 'That is how I can manage to do it' (iii) suit: Il . y gba
gbdo 'This soil suits maize' (iv) accept: Mo gba b t o d 'I accept your
proposal' (v) to be indulgent to: gb fn mi 'He was indulgent to me' (vi) to
help: Gb m 'Help me/Save me' (vii) to follow a road: Mo gba ap s. 'I went to
the left' (viii) to envelope: kuuku gba oj run
. 'The mist envelopes the sky' (ix)
to capture: Wn . gba l won . 'They captured their town' (x) worth: K gba nr
m.w 'It is worth more than ten naira' (xi) to/through: gb e gba in il l o. 'He
took it to the house/He took it through the house' (xii) hold: g mi l gba omi y
'My bottle can hold this water' (xiii) to be deprived of something: gb lw . . mi
 'He took it from me' (xiv) to require: gba o s. m.rin lti pari r. 'Four months are
required for completing it' (xv) accommodate: Il wa l gba nyn m. rin 'Our
house can accommodate four people' (xvi) achieve: gba mk t ga nn
dnw 'He achieved high marks in the examination' (xvii) acknowledge: S . o gb
p o jbi? . 'Do you acknowledge that you are wrong?' (xviii) admit: gb p un
le 'He admitted that he was lazy' (xix) adopt: A gba b j 'We adopted Ojo's
plan' (xx) by: gba enu . n. wol . 'He came in by the door' (xxi) chant: gba
dr 'He chanted a prayer' (xxii) conclude: Ngb t mo ti gb. tn t so, . mo gb
p tt. ni so. fn mi 'When I had heard his story, I concluded that he had told
me the truth' (xxiii) consent: Mo bi bb mi b mo l jde, s gb 'I asked my
father if I could go out, and he consented' (xxiv) dominate: Il-w n gba
gbogbo tt 'The school dominates the street' (xxv) earn: gba ow pp . ntor p
n s. i.s. n r. 'He earned a lot of money by working in the morning' (xxvi) get:
Mo gba l. t lti d . . Mr 'I got a letter from Marry' (xxvii) last: sinmi wa gba o.
j. m.w 'Our holiday lasted ten days' (xxviii) listen: K gba p. t a s. e fn un 'He
does not listen to our advice' (xxix) obtain: Mo ti gba w n 'I have obtain the
book' (xxx) occupy: Tbl n gba lj yr n 'The table occupies half of the
room' (xxxi) offer: gb lti b mi gb pl n 'He offered to carry the pail for
me' (xxxii) pierce: Ariwo r . gba in af f . . 'Her shriek pierced the air' (xxxiii)
settle: Og . rn-n
. nr ni mo f. ta w n s. gbn
. mo w gba og . rin
. nr 'I had
hoped to get N100 for the book but I had to settle for N80' (xxxiv) take: Mo gb
ogn n 'I took the medicine (xxxv) undertake: gb lti par i s. . n tt oj . .
Jm- . n . 'He undertook to finish the work by Friday' (xxxvi) hoft: gb b. l . n
koj
. or r. 'He hofts the ball over his head' (xxxvii) rescue: A gba oknrin . n l.
w. won . ol n 'We rescue the man from the robbers'.
gb (i) to be overcome by something: Wrp gb e 'He had an epilepsy/Orun gb w on . lo.
'They fall asleep' (ii) to carry: gb e. r n 'He carried the load' (iii) a
grammatical item: Nbo lo gbe r i?/Mo r i nl 'Where did you see him?/I saw
him at home' (iv) to live: n gb n bdn 'He lives at bdn' (v) to perish:
gb s oj omi 'He perished on the water' (vi) to engage: Mo n gb yr kan 'I
engaged a room' (vii) hand over to: Mo gb e fn un 'I handed it over to him' (viii)
to increase: gb p. . d. s i 'It increased slightly' (ix) to lift: gb e kr nl .
'He lifted it up' (x) managed to do something: Nbo ni o gb r i? 'Where did you
managed to get it? (xi) happened to: S . o r ibi t a gb s. e .s.se? 'Did you notice
where we happened to make a mistake?' (xii) base: Gb r r. ka or tt. 'Base
your opinion on facts (xiii) bear: E. . sin kker y.en l gb o. (ntor p o ti tbi j)
'That small horse cannot bear your weight' (xiv) board: Wn . n gb p. l . 'They
are boarding with her' (xv) get: Gb won . w y fn Ol 'Get these books to Ol'
(xvi) hoist: gb p n k. ap 'He hoisted the bag onto his shoulder' (xvii)
pick: d k r. dr s gb om . oknrin
. kan 'He stopped his car and picked up a
boy' (xviii) place: gb pt kan s iwj r. 'He placed a box in front of her'
(xix) put: Gb pt n s or tbl 'Put the box on the table' (xx) take: Gb oj . t
o r n s il 'Take the shopping home' (xxi) transport: Ok . . oj irin ni wn . fi gb
won nyn n 'The people were transported by train' (xxii) turn: ti gb il-i.s.
 r. fn won. om. o. r. 'He has turned over his business to his children' (xxiii) wash:
r omi gb igi n lo. s bt 'The wood was washed up the shore by the waves'
(xxiv) hang: Nbo l n gb by? 'Where are you hanging out now?' (xxv) inhabit:
Wn . ma n gb il n t.l. 'They used to inhabit the house' (xxvi) lean: Gb gb.
nw. l or tbl 'Lean your elbow on the table (xxvii) lodge: n gb yr kan
nn il wa 'He lodges in a room in our house'.
gb (i) to support: gb m 'He took my part' (ii) to collect: gbe omi j 'He collected
rain water' (iii) profitable: w n gbe gbogbo wa 'The business was profitable
to all of us' (iv) pay: I.s. olk. gbe won . nyn kan 'Teaching profession pays
some people'.
gb. (i) to dig: gb. il. 'He dug the ground' (ii) to sharpen: gb. l. . d 'He sharpened the
pencil' (iii) to carve: gb. op . n
. 'He carved the tray' (iv) to cackle: Ady.e n gb.
'The hen cackled' (v) to clear one's throat: gb . ik. 'He coughed' (vi) chisel: O.
knrin n fi igi gb. ab. 'The man chiselled a bowl from a piece of wood' (vii)
drill: gb. ih s ara giri 'He drilled holes in the wall (viii) gnaw: Eku n gb.
ih s ara igi n 'The rat gnawed a hole in the tree' (ix) inscribe: W n . gb. orko.
r. s ara kta n 'They inscribed his name on the stone' (x) scrap: gb . ih 'He
scraped out a hole'.
gb.e (i) to be dry: Omi n ti gbe. 'The river had dried up' (ii) evaporate: Omi in od n
gbe. 'Water from the river evaporates'.
gb. 'to sow (in If. dialect of Yorb)': gbe. gbdo 'He planted maize'.
gbin 'to grunt': gbin 'He grunted'.
gbn (i) to plant: gbin er 'He planted beans' (ii) cultivate: gb . n gbin gbdo 'The
farmer cultivated maize' (iii) sow: gbin rs 'He sowed rice'.
gb (i) to bark: Aj n gb 'The dog barked' (ii) to be old: ti gb 'He is old' (iii) to be
ripe: gbdo n ti gb 'The maize has ripen' (iv) age: tt gb 'He aged fast'
(v) ancient: Fl t ti gb ni m dn 'He is holding an ancient-looking hat' (vi)
wear: won . bt mi ti gb 'My shoea are worn out'.
gbo to squeeze: Mo gbo ew n nn omi 'I squeeze the leaves in the water'.
gb (i) to shake: gbo igi n 'He shook the tree' (ii) to long for: s nl mi gb 'My
absence from home made him long for me' (iii) to have an effect on/to be
troublesome: sn n gb 'The sickness had an effect on him'.
gb. (i) to hear: gb. p mi 'He heard my call' (ii) to understand: gb. r . . mi 'He
understands me/He accepts what I say (iii) look after: Mo gb. ti ara mi 'I look
after my affair' (iv) to perceive: gb. rn 'He perceives a smell' (v) to obey:
Mo gb . tir. 'I obeyed him' (vi) to know how to do something: gb . if 'He
knows how to divine' (vii) attend: Gb. ti ara re. 'Attend to your affair' (viii) gather:
Mo gb. p o nf. . s b. l
. 'I gather that you are interested in football'.
gb . (i) to thrive: Il . ol
. r
. ma n gb o. . f . 'Vegetables thrive well on humus soil' (ii)
flourish: Il. y gbo. . f. 'Vegetables flourish in this earth'.
gbn. (i) to be intelligent: Om . oknrin
. n gbn . 'The boy is wise' (ii) to scoop out: gbn
.
omi kr nn kk n 'He scooped water out of the pot' (iii) prudent: Olk. n
gbn. 'The teacher is very prudent' (iv) tactful: O gbn . pp. 'She is very tactful'.
gbn. (i) to shiver: n gbn . 'He is shivering' (ii) to shake: gbon . or 'He shook his head'
 (iii) to card: gbon
. w 'He carded cotton' (iv) to beat a red-hot cutlass or hoe:
gbon. d 'He beat a red-hot cutlass with a hammer so as to reshape it' (v) to spin:
n gbon. go 'He is spinning his top' (vi) to brush: Gbon . . w y fn mi 'Brush
these clothes for me' (vii) quake: b. r n j. k gbn
. 'He was quaking with fear'
(viii) shudder: n gbn. ngb t r ej n 'He shudders when he sees the snake'
(ix) tremble: r
. n j. k gbn
. 'He trembled with fear' (x) whisk: gbon . dt
.
n kr 'He whisked the dirt off'.
gbn (i) to trip: gbn mi l. s. 'He tripped me' (ii) to touch slightly: gbn mi 'He
touched me slightly'.
gbun (i) to be curve: l n gbun 'The line is curve' (ii) to be crooked: Es.. r. gbun 'He
has crooked legs'.

Hh
h (i) to be narrow: h 'It is narrow' (ii) to stuck in: Eegn h a l n . fun
. 'A bone got
stuck in his throat' (iii) to divide amongst: h e. ran fn wa 'He divided the meat
amongst us' (iv) to wedge: fi igi h a 'He wedged a stick in between it' (v) to be
densely crowded: h gg 'It is densely crowded' (vi) jam: N k l s. frs n,
ti h 'I can't open the window, it is jammed' (vii) narrow: h 'It is narrow'.
ha (i) to graze: Igi n ha m lra 'The stick graze my skin' (ii) to clear: ha fun . 'He
cleared his throat' (iii) a question marker: wo. ha s. e ? 'Did you do it? (iv) used
with a question marker for emphasis: wo. ha n k? . 'What about you?' (v) scrape:
Fi b.
. e ha bt ara bt re. kr 'Scrape the mud off your shoes with a knife' (vi)
file: n ha knn r. 'He is filing his nail'.
hn 'to catch': hn ow t j s i 'He caught the money she threw to him'.
han 'to scream/howl out': han 'He screamed'.
hn (i) to be clear: hn p k f.rn re. 'It is clear that he doesn't like you' (ii) to pick:
han ef. . 'He picked vegetables' (iii) to be visible: hn 'It is clearly visible' (iv) to
be evident: hn p w 'It is evident that he came' (v) apparent: hn p k
mo. nnkan kan npa r . . n 'It was apparent that he knew nothing about the case'
(vi) distinct: jji re. hn gan-an lra kdb. d . funfun y.en 'Your shadow is quite
distinct on that white cardboard' (vii) obvious: hn p w ly 'It is obvious
that he is alive' (viii) show: ti ya . w r. n aby s. gbn . k hn 'She had torn
her dress under the arm, but it didn't show.
he 'to pick': he 'He picked it'.
h 'to expand': h 'He expands it'.
h.e (i) to sit at the edge: fd he. ga 'He sat at the edge of the chair' (ii) transision: j oba .
fd h.e . ni 'It is a transitional government'.
h. 'to despise': s. e h. mi 'He despises me'.
h.en 'yes': Mo b i p s. b. . ni; n h.en 'I asked him if it is so; he said yes'.
h (i) to be noisy: Wn . n h h 'They are making much noise' (ii) to peel: h osn . 'He
peels oranges' (iii) to boil: Omi h 'The water is boiling' (iv) to swirl: Od y n h
'The river is swirling along' (v) bubble: O. . se. n n h 'The soap bubbles'.
h. (i) to be tight: h. 'It is tight' (ii) jam: p . l
. op
. . nyn ni w s ibi dnil.k. . n t
 fi j. p ib. h. 'So many people came to the seminar that the place was jammed'
(iii) narrow: h. 'It is narrow'.
ho. (i) to flee from fear: ho. 'He fled from fear' (ii) to gnaw: fi eyn ho. eegun 'He
gnawed a bone' (iii) to scratch: Mo ho. ara 'I scratched where it itched me'.
h. (i) despise: d h. mi 'He despises me' (ii) to say shame on somebody: ' s. e h. r.
'He says shame on him'.
h (i) to uproot: h igi 'He uprooted the tree' (ii) to dig up: h i.su 'He dug up yams'.
hu (i) to remove hair from: hu awo. 'He removed the hair from the hide' (ii) to howl:
hu 'He howled out' (iii) whine: Aj n n hu n ta 'The dog was whinning outside'.
h (i) to sprout: Korko n h 'The grass sprouted' (iii) germinate: so . w n h 'The
bean seed germinates' (iii) germination: so nl omi lti h 'Seeds need water for
germination' (iv) shoot: Igb dd rs tn h l. yn t wn . ti g e 'Rose bushes
shot again after being cut'.
hn (i) itch: Gbogbo al. ni et r. fi n hn un 'His ear itched all night' (ii) scratch: hn
ibi t f
. on
. ti je. . l.s. 'He scratched the mosquito bite on his leg'.
hun (i) to weave: hun a.so. 'He weaves clothes' (ii) yes: so. p hun 'He says yes' (iii) to
suffer the penalty: hun n 'He suffered the penalty' (iv) construct: Mo fi pl
orko. ti pl .se hun gblhn 'I construct a sentence with a noun phrase and a
verb phrase' (v) knit: Mm mi hun bs . . ml kan fn mi 'My mother knits me
some socks'.
hn 'to grunt': s. e hn 'He grunted'.

Ii
(i) habitual marker: Il la ti r i 'We always see it from home' (ii) it/her/him: Mo d 'I
tied it'.
i (i) a prefix used to form nouns from verbs and verb phrases: k 'to die', ik 'death' (ii)
it/her/him: Mo r i 'I saw her'.
(i) has not yet: K w 'He has not yet come' (ii) used as a prefix to form nouns from
verbs and verb phrases: bn 'to be angry', bn 'anger'; gbl . 'to sweep the
earth', gbl. 'a broom'; gb. j. 'to listen to cases'. gb.j. 'a place where cases are
heard'; d 'to bundle', d 'a bundle'; rn s. . 'to send on an errand', rn s. .
'messenger' (ii) used for emphasis: Mo r i 'I surely saw him'.
n 'it/her/him': Mo rn n n gk 'I ticked him in his armpit'.
in 'it/her/him': Mo kn in l.yn 'I supported him'.
n (i) negator: Mi n r i 'I did not see him' (ii) used for emphasis: dn in n 'He
surely fried it'.

Jj
j (i) to pluck: j osn
. 'He plucked oranges' (ii) to fall: j lti or igi 'He fell from the
tree' (iii) to smell: n j fr 'It has a savoury smell' (iv) to palpitate: y r. n j
'His heart is palpitating' (v) to pick: j . f. 'He picked vegetable leaves' (vi) to
pull off: j a kr 'He pulled it off' (vii) to bite: j e. ran 'He bit off some
meat'(viii) to break free: Ewr. n j okn 'The goat broke free' (ix) to be too
 much: Iy . j ob . . y 'This soup is too salty' (x) to issue from somewhere to
another place: Mo ti j oj n . 'I have issued from a path to highway' (xi) to
amount to: Dd ni wn . j s 'They amount to the same thing' (xii) to attack
without warning: j l m 'He attacked me without warning'(xiii) to drool: It . n
j l.nu r. 'He was drooling' (xiv) to snap: Okn n j 'The rope snapped' (xv) to
fray: j lt 'It frayed at the edge' (xvi) to find out: j ir. mi 'He found out my
lie' (xvii) to complete: we. od j 'He swam across' (xviii) to find out: Ir. mi j
'He found out my lie' (xix) see: A j won . ir. r. 'We saw through his pack of lies'
(xx) find: L. yn p . . rin nn igbo, j n . il-w 'After a long walk in the
forest, he found out the way to the school' (xxi) get: j n . 'He got to the road'
(xxii) sever: Okn n j 'The rope severed' (xxiii) slit: Mo fi b. . e j l.t n 'I slit
open the letter with a knife' (xxiv) whip: j s. n ongl n kr lrn . r. 'He
whipped the gold chain off his neck'.
j (i) to fight: Wn . j 'They fought' (ii) quarrel: Wn . j 'They quarrelled' (iii) battle: Wn .
j fn wkt kan 'They battled for an hour'.
jn (i) to hit: jn mi n igi 'He hit me with a stick'. (ii) to throw on the ground: jn m
ml.. 'He threw me down in a wrestling contest'.
j. (i) to be: j. olk. 'He is a teacher' (ii) to take: j. . j. 'He took a vow' (iii) to allow:
Mo j. k lo. 'I allowed him to go' (iv) better: O j. m lo. 'You better not go' (v)
dare: N k j. n n 'I dare not beat him' (vi) to answer/to reply: j . p mi 'He
answered my call'(vii) to venture: ha j. lo. 'Can he venture to go?' (ix) may:
By a j. w 'Perhaps he may come' (x) keep: J. k in y.en ma j 'Keep the fire
burnng' (xi) relay: j. i.s. fn un 'He relayed a message for him' (xii) are: Ol ti
Ad j. . gbn
. Dda oknrin
. 'Ol and Ad are Dada's senior brothers (xiii) cost:
l ni w y.en j? . 'How much did that book cost?' (xiv) equal: E. . rin ti ej j. e. .
f 'Four and two equals six (xvi) get: j . k s. t n m. 'He got the shirt clean'
(xvii) is: kan
. nn won. j. ak.k. . 'One of them is a student' (xviii) set: ryn n
j. k n ma ron 'The news set me thinking' (xix) was: j. olk. gb n bdn
'He was a headmaster in Ibadan' (xx) allow: Mo j. k lo. 'I allowed him to go'
(xx) were: Wn . j. olk. 'They were teachers'.
j.e (i) to eat: j.e br.d 'He ate bread'(ii) to win: j.e t. t. 'He won a lottery' (iii) to graze:
E.
. sin n n je. oko 'The horse is grazing'(iv) to owe: je. m lw 'He owed me
some money' (v) to ascend the throne/to be appointed to a position: je. oba . 'He
ascended the throne', je. oy 'He became a chief' (vi) to enjoy: je. fj 'He felt
pleasure', (vii) to experience something unpleasant: je. e. gba 'He was whipped'
(viii) afflict: y j e. . 'He is afflicted with suffering' (ix) bite: f . n
. j e. m 'The
mosquito bit me' (x) chew: Je. e. ran y.en dada (l. nu) k o t gb e m 'Chew that
meat well (in the mouth) before you swallow it' (xi) consume: O k gb d . . je.
onje. lr tt 'You must not consume food on the street' (xii) make: j e. ow
pp. nn t.t. 'He made a lot of money in the lottery' (xiii) enjoy: j e. i.s. ow . . r.
'He enjoyed the fruit of his labour' (xiv) wear: Es . . won
. bt y n je. 'The heels of
these shoes are wearing down'.
j. 'to play around': Ewr. n n j. kiri 'The goat is playing around'.
j (i) to steal: . j mi lw 'He stole my money' (ii) to wake up: j lr ibsn'He woke
 up from the bed' (iii) stealth: j rere s. e 'He did good by stealth' (iv) arise: Mo j
n r. 'I arose in the morning' (v) awaken: Mo ma n j ni agogo m. jo. lrr. 'I
awaken every morning at 8 o'clock' (vi) rise: N k tt j 'I don't rise early' (vii)
revive: Wn . j om. obnrin
. n 'They revived the girl' (viii) rob: Oknrin
. n j mi
n dta
. nr 'The man robbd me of fifty naira'.
j 'to shake': j 'He shook it'.
jn (i) to be deep: Ih n jn 'The hole is deep' (ii) to be far: b . jn 'The place is far' (iii)
to trip from the back: jn m l. s. 'He tripped me from the back' (iv) to give: fi
gbogbo r. jn m 'He gave me everything' (v) to fall down: jn s kt 'He fell
into a deep pit' (vi) to undermine one's reputation: jn m l. s. 'He undermines
my reputation' (vii) outlying: p. wa k t d rin l n ntor p oko t jn
ni a n gb 'It took us a long time to get to the centre of the town because we live
on an outlying farm' (viii) set: Il n jn s tt 'The house is well set back from
the road' (ix) wide: dhn re. jn s ohun t a n ret 'Your answer was wide of the
mark'.
j (i) to dance: j 'He danced' (ii) to burn: In n n j 'The fire is burning' (iii) to sting:
Ipn j o 'The insect called ipn stung him' (iv) to suffer a bereavement: In j o
'He suffered a bereavement' (v) to solder: j o p. 'He soldered them together'
(vi) to brand: fi irin j ml r . 'He branded his cows' (vii) to become
scorched: Onje. y ti j 'This food has become scorched' (viii) to be alight: tp
n j 'The lamp is alight' (ix) to irritate: Wrp j o lra 'The cow-itch irritates his
body' (x) catch fire: w n j 'The book caught fire' (xi) In flame: Il n n j
'The house was in flame' (xii) keep on: In n y ma j fn wkt kan 'The
fire will keep on for one hour'.
j (i) to leak: Ab. n n j 'The plate is leaking' (ii) to alight: In n j 'A fire is burning'.
jo. (i) to resemble: jo. m 'He resembles me' (ii) together: A jo. lo. 'We went together' (iii)
to complete joyfully: Odn . jo. 'The year is completed joyfully' (iv) seem: jo. b..
'It seems to be the case' (v) bunch: A jo. w s il-w 'We came to school in a
bunch' (vi) identical: w y jo. y.en 'This book is identical to that one' (vii) joint:
Ol ti Ad ni w n . jo. ni il-i.s. n 'Ol and Ad are the joint owners of the
business' (viii) like: jo. bb r. 'He is like his father'.
j. 'to sift': jo. lb. 'He sifted the yam flour'.
ju (i) to be worm-eaten: gbdo n ti ju 'The maize is worm-eaten' (ii) to be fray: A.so.
y ju 'This garment is frayed'.
n
j (i) to exceed: Mo ju Ad lo. 'I am older than Ad' (ii) to throw: ju kta 'He threw a
stone' (iii) to beckon: ju ow . . s mi 'He beckoned to me' (iv) but: N k f. nnkan
mrn ju w 'I want nothing but books' (v) to wag: Aj n ju r 'The dog wags
its tail' (vi) to clear/to cut: ju igb 'He cuts the bush' (vii) very/much: p. j
'He is very late (viii) to release: j m l w . . sl. 'He released my hand' (ix)
dump: A ju won . bg wa s or il. 'We dumped our bags on the floor' (x) hurl:
ju w n lu giri 'He hurled the book at the wall' (xi) more: Br. d mi ju ti won .
'I have more bread than they have' (xii) most: dd t dra j n ye. n 'That is the
most beautiful flower' (xiii) shoot: B k n ti for sogi, . ju won . t w nn
 r. sta 'As the car hit the tree, the occupants were shot out' (xiv) sling: ju w r .
s or tbl 'He slung his book on the table' (xv) than: Ol dgb ju Ad 'Ol is
older than Ad' (xvi) toss: won om . oknrin
. n ju b. l
. n s ara won . 'The
boys tossed the ball to each other' (xvii) wave: ju ow . . r. lti so. p dgb 'He
waved his hand to say goodbye' (xviii) surpass: Ad lgbra ju j 'Ad
surpassed j in strength' (xix) except: N k f . n nkan mrn ju ow 'I want
nothing except money;.

Kk

k (i) to fold: k agborn r. 'He folded his umbrella' (ii) to bring in: k a.so. wol .
'He brings in the washing (iv) to roll up: k e. n 'He rolled up the mat' (v) to last:
Onj.e y y k odn . 'This food will last for a year' (vi) to be within capacity: O.
w. mi k i.s. y 'I can manage this work' (vii) to curl up: k rgd 'He curled
himself up' (viii) to fall out: Eyn r. k 'His tooth fell out' (ix) to harvest: k ok .
bb r. 'He harvested his guinea corn' (x) around: Wn . rn k fn wkt kan
'They walked around for one hour' (xi) coil: W n . k okn n 'They coil the
ropes' (xii) crouch: k ti in 'He was crouching by the fire' (xiii) tuck: k ap
s. t r. sk 'He tucked up his shirt sleeves' (xv) turn: K ap s. t r.e 'Turn up
your shirt sleeves' (xiv) pluck: k osn . lti or igi 'He plucked an orange from
the tree'.
k (i) to read: ka w r. 'He read his book' (ii) to count: ka osn . r. 'He counted his
oranges' (iii) to confess: j. n k 'The witch confessed to her nefarious deed as
a witch'(v) to prescribe: ka ogn fn un 'He prescribed medicine for him' (v) to
put on top of: gb e ka or tbl 'He placed it on the table' (vi) keep: S . o s n ka
Grk r.e? 'Do you still keep up your Greek?' (vii) regard: A k s kan . nn wo.
n akk . . . wa t mw
. j 'We regard him as one of our cleverest students' (viii)
see: Mo (r i) k p gmn n b. n l wa 'I see that the governor is coming to our
town'.
kn (i) to drip: Omi n n kn 'The water is dripping' (ii) to hit: kn mi ni igi 'He hit me
with a stick' (iii) to snap: kn igi mi 'He snapped my stick' (iv) to be pressed for
time: Oj n kn an 'He is pressed for time' (v) seep: Omi kn jde lti in ab. n
'Water seeped out of the bowl' (vi) splash: Omi . ro. n kn 'The tap splashes' (vii)
trickle: j.. n kn lti in egb n 'Blood trickled from the wound'.
kan (i) turn sour: Ob. . n kan 'The soup is sour' (ii) one: ga kan 'One chair' (iii) far and
wide: Ohn r. gba gbogbo dgb kan 'His voice pervaded the whole compound'
(iv) to be desolate: Il won . kan gbnrn 'Their houses are desolate (They must
have suffered a bereavement)' (v) a: Aga kan 'A chair' (vi) some: won . om
. obnrin
.
kan n j 'Some girls are dancing' (vii) sore: Ap t . fon . ti je. m n kan m 'My arm
is sore where I was bitten by the mosquito' (viii) certain: won . t n mu sg k
l wo. won . ok
. . oj irin kan 'People who smoke cannot travel in certain trains' (ix)
an: Mo fn un n osn . kan 'I gave him an orange'.
kn (i) to knock: kan il. kn 'He knocked the door (ii) to reach: L. yn Il.s, a kan If.
'After Il.s, we reached If.' (iii) to go round: ryn wa kn 'The news about us
 went round (iv) to touch: fi gn kan y: 'He touched his chest with the
emblem of gn and swore by it' (v) one's turn: mi ni kn 'It is my turn' (vi) to
do something for no good reason: kn n gb a lt ni 'He is slapping him for no
just cause' (vii) just: Y kn m un 'He will just take it' (viii) affect: w on . fin
tuntun y.en y kn m 'Those new rules will affect me' (ix) drive: fi hm kan
s n wol . 'He used a hammer to drive in the nail' (x) border: won . il. t kan
Njr ju mj mrn lo. ' Nigeria borders on more than two other countries' (xi)
concern: L.t y.en kn . . K 'That letter concerns you. Read it' (xii) hammer:
kan s n 'He hammered the nail' (xiii) involve: Gbogbo wa ni er n kn 'We
were all involved in the play' (xiv) nail: Kan pk n m. giri 'Nail the plank to
the wall (xv) only: Mo kn n wo won . bt n ni 'I am only looking at the shoes'
(xvi) turn: kn . lti kw 'It is your turn to read'.
k (i) to scream: k 'He screamed' (ii) to shout: k tagbra tagbra 'He shouted with
all his power' (iii) to call at: k s mi 'He called at me/He called on me' (iv)
wail: Om. o. n n k 'The child was wailing' (v) whine: Om . o. n n k 'The child is
whinning' (vi) squeak: Eku n k s s lo. 'The rat squeaked and ran away' (vii)
shriek: k ngb t ej n n b. ld . . r. 'He shrieked as the snake came towards
her' (viii) croak: Ey.. e n k sk 'The bird croaked loudly' (ix) cry: b. r. s k
'She started to cry' (x) bellow: k b ako. ml 'He bellowedd like a bull' (xi)
squeal: won . e. l.d. n n ke 'The pigs were squealing'.
k. (i) to pet: k. mi 'He pets me' (ii) to cock: k. bon . 'He cocked the gun'.
k.e 'to make a tick-tock sound': Aago n n r k.e, k.e, ke. 'The clock is making a tick-tock
sound'.
k. (i) to decay: Eran
. n ti k. 'The meat has decayed' (ii) to fester: Egb r. ti k. 'His sore
has festered' (iii) to spread: In n n k. 'The fire is spreading' (iv) to be husky:
Ohn-un r. k. 'He has a husky voice' (v) not to be straight: Itan r. k. 'He is bandy
legged'.
k (i) to greet: k mi 'He greeted me' (ii) that: n k n w 'He said that I should come'
(iii) an item used to derive nouns from nouns and noun phrases: il 'a house' --->
ilkl 'any house/a bad house' (iv) what?: K ni 'What is it?' (v) in order: Wn . tt
lo. k won
. l r b. s
. w. 'They left early in order that they might catch the bus'.
ki 'to be thick (as of liquid)': Ob. . n ki 'The soup is thick'.
k (i) to recite descriptive names: k 'He recited his descriptive names' (ii) grab: ki
eku n m l . . k t s l o. 'He grabbed the rat before it could escape' (iii) to
inspire: k m ly lti m un 'He inspired me with the spirit to take it' (iv) to
load: ki bon . 'He loaded the gun' (v) praise: k 'He praised him' (vi) ram: W.
n ki il. 'They ram down the soil' (vii) define: w-atm-d . ma n ki r. . 'The
dictionary defines words' (viii) jam: Mo ki won . a.so. mi m. in pt kker n 'I
jammed my clothes into the small box' (ix) thrust: k ow . . r . b o. p r . 'He
thrust his hand into his pocket'.
kn (i) be near to: kn mi 'He is very near me' (ii) what?: Kn ni 'What is it? (iii) to
scrub: kn mi l.yn 'He scrubbed my back'. (iv) support: kn r . . mi l.yn 'He
supported me'.
k (i) to be overripe: Il n ti k 'The okro has over-ripen' (ii) to collect: k e. r r. 'He
 collected his luggage' (iii) to capture: k e. r 'He captured slaves' (iv) to take: O.
k . n k r 'The vehicle takes passengers (v) to contact: k t . s 'He
contacted gonorrhoea' (vi) to steal: k ow won . 'He stole their money' (vii) to
borrow: k ow 'He borrowed money' (viii) to enter: k s in igb 'He
entered the forest' (ix) to give: k ow fn w on . 'He gave them money' (x) put:
k won . sr tbl 'He put them collectively on the table' (xi) gather: k w on .
w r . 'He gathers her books' (xii) keep: n k e. gb . k . gb . 'He keeps bad
company' (xiii) transport: Ok . . oj irin ni wn
. fi k won . e. r n 'The goods were
transported by train' (xiv) supply: Il-i.s. n k bb fn at. w n 'The company
supplied paper to the printer' (xv) snap: Wn . tt k won . bt t k wn . n 'The
cheap shoes were quickly snapped up' (xvi) move: W n . fi ok . . e. l. r k won .
jagunjagun n 'Lorries were used to move the soldiers' (xvii) get: K won . kta
y lo. s in il 'Get these stones to the house' (xviii) clear: W n . ti k won . w
n lo. 'They have cleared the books away'.
k (i) meet: k m ln . 'He met me on the way' (ii) not: Ol k lo. 'Ol didn't go' (iii) to
poke fire: ko in 'He arranged the burning stick so as to get a good temperature'
(iv) come: A ko ara wa n n . il-w 'We came across each other on the way to
the school' (v) push: Wn . ko in 'They pushed the fire together' (vi) stir: ko in
'He stirred the fire'.
k. (i) to build: k. il 'He built a house' (ii) to learn: k. . k. 'He learns' (iii) to teach:
k. o. n . k. 'He teaches him (iv) to hook: A.so. r. k. igi 'His cloth got hooked on
a tree' (v) to be first: mi ni k. s. e tn 'I am the first to complete it' (vi) not:
w o. k . 'It is not you' (vii) to bet: W n . k . o. 'They bet' (viii) study: Mo n k .
wrn yy 'I am studying art' (ix) situate: Wn . k. il-i.s. n s gb.
. l 'They
situated the factory near the town' (x) rig: A k. ab kker kan sn ogb . wa 'We
rigged up a small hut in our garden' (xi) pitch: won . om
. oknrin
. n k. tnt. 'The
boys pitches a tent' (xii) locate: W n . k. il n s oj
. 'The house was located in
the market' (xiii) initially: k. f. rn lo. s gboro s. gbn . y okn. r. pad 'He
intially wanted to walk to town but changed his mind' (xiv) instruct: k. mi b a
ti n lo fn 'He instructed me how to use the telephone' (xv) erect: k . ab
tuntun kan s abl 'He erected a new hut in the village' (xvi) educate: w on .
olk. m n k. won . ak. k. . 'Teachers educate pupils' (xvii) construct: Mo k. il
'I constructed a house' (xviii) coach: un ni n k. won . t n gb b. l . fn il-
w n 'He coaches the school football team'.
ko. (i) to crow: kk. ko. 'The cock crows'. This can also be used idiomatically as kk .
ko. l.yn oknrin
. 'The man died' (ii) to shine: Bt n n ko. 'The shoes shine' (iii)
to write: ko. w 'He writes' (iv) to cut off palmnut: ko. p . e. 'He cuts palm nut'
(v) to ladle: k o. ml 'She ladles ml (a type of food)' (vi) to make yam
heaps: ko. eb 'He makes yam heaps (vii) to flash: Mnm . n
. ko. 'The lightning
flashed' (viii) to sing: ko. orin 'He sang a song' (ix) to turn: ko. . gb. tn . s mi
'He turns his right side to my direction' (x) direct: A ko. oj s n . il 'We directed
our steps towards home' (xi) compose: Ms ma n k o. orin s in w llaal .
'Musa composes songs in books every night' (xii) glimmer: In in il n n ko. n
. kn
. 'The light from the house glimmered in the distance' (xiii) glow: In t n
 k lo. n s n ko. nn igb dd n 'The dying fire glows in the dark forest' (xiv)
take: Ko. gblhn n sl. 'Take down the sentence'.
k. (i) to refuse: k. lti lo. 'He refuses to go' (ii) reject: A ko. b r. 'We rejected his
proposal' (iii) disobey: y r . n k l o. sn s. gbn. k. s l o. n wo er 'Her
mother told her to go to bed, but she disobyed and went to watch the game' (iv)
decline: n k n w s il un s. gbn . mo k. ntor p i.s. p. lw
. . mi 'He asked
me to his house but I had to decline as I was busy'.
k (i) to die: k 'He died' (ii) to amount to: k s m.rin 'It amounted to four' (iii)
dead: Olgb n k 'The cat was dead' (iv) go: In n k 'The light went out' (v)
perish: Gbogbo igi gbdo n k 'The corn plants all perished'.
ku 'suddenly': kn m ku 'It befell me suddenly'.
k (i) to remain: ku m. ta 'It remains three' (ii) to sieve: ku lb . 'He sieves the yam
powder (iii) to rumble: j n k 'The sky is rumbling showing that it may rain'
(iv) to blow about (as of dust): Eruku n k 'The dust is blowing about' (v)
outstanding: S . won . i.s. k t a s ma par? 'Are there any outstanding jobs at all
to be finished?' (vi) over: B e. ran b k, fn aj 'If there is any meat (left) over,
give it to the dog' (vii) sift: ku lb. 'He sifted the yam flour' (viii) to: Agogo
m.sn-n ku .s. j m.w 'It is ten minutes to nine'.
kn (i) be full: kn 'It is full' (ii) jam: r kn in gbngn . n 'The hall was jammed
full of people' (iii) complete: Ely l j . k ay . mi kn 'This completes my
happiness' (iv) stuff: B.. d n kn fn w 'The bed was stiffed with cotton' (v)
overgrown: Oko r.e y kn 'Your garden will become overgrown' (vi) pack: r
kn in kls n 'People packed the classroom' (vii) laden: pt kn in ok . o.
n 'The lorry was laden with boxes' (viii) crowd: Oj . ti kn j 'The market is
much crowded'.
kun to carve: kun e. ran 'He carved up the carcass of the animal'.
kn (i) to paint: kun il 'He painted the house' (ii) to polish: kun bt 'He polished
the shoes (iii) to grunt: kn 'He grunted' (iv) to rumble: In r . n kn 'His
stomach is rumbling' (v) to race along: kn l o. 'He raced along' (vi) to set fire at:
kun gb . 'He set fire on the bush' (vii) to powder: kun tk s oj 'He
powdered his face' (viii) to be drowsy: Oorun n kn m 'I am feeling sleepy' (ix)
twang: Orn
. kn, of
. s sf l o. nn af . f . 'The bow twanged and the arrow
whistled through the air' (x) buzz: won . kkr n n kn y yr po 'The insects
were buzzing around the room' (xi) growl: Aj n n kn s won . lej n 'The
dog growls at the visitors' (xii) hum: w o. n oyin n n kn 'The bees are
humming'.

Ll

l (i) to lick: l ob.

. 'He licked the soup' (ii) to dream: l l 'He dreamt' (iii) lap: Aj
n l omi r. 'The dog laps its water'.
l (i) to break: l s mj 'He broke it into two' (ii) to be rich: l 'He is rich' (iii) to
divide: la il. 'He divided the land' (iv) to open: la ow
. . r. 'He opens his hand'
(v) to dilute: bu omi l 'He diluted it with water' (vi) to dawn: Oj. . l 'The day
 dawned' (vii) to mediate: l wn . n j 'He mediated between them' (viii) to
save: Ol . run
. l 'God saved him' (ix) wade: la omi koj . 'He waded across the
river' (x) split: A la igi n 'We split the wood' (xi) spring: Mo ti la rak. . t tns .
mi 'I have spring my tennis racket' (xii) crack: K. b . t n ti l 'The tea-cup is
cracked'.
l (i) to pursue: l e He pursued him' (ii) to expel: Wn . l e kr n il-w/Wn . l e n
il-w 'He was expelled from school' (iii) on/upon: Mo gb s. . l e 'I placed my
leg on it' (iv) to swell: Ap mi l 'My arm is swollen' (v) to increase: A.so. mi ti l .
kan s i 'My clothes have increased by one' (vi) to arrange in heaps: l i s. u 'He
arranged the yams in piles' (vii) to be up (as of the new moon): O s. l 'There is a
new moon' (viii) chase: Ol l w on . ady e. n 'Ol chased the chickens' (ix)
drive: Ogn y l l . fon . 'This chemical can drive away mosquitoes' (x) leading:
Olk. n n l orin n 'The teacher was leading the song' (xi) pursue: Wn . l e
d d od 'They pursued him to the river'.
le (i) to be difficult: I.s. y le 'This task is difficult' (ii) to be strong: Ot . n le 'The liquor
is strong' (iii) to be in good health: Ara m le 'I am in good health' (iv) to be hard:
Igi y le 'This tree is hard' (v) to be cruel: Oknrin
. y.en le 'That man is cruel' (vi)
complicate: Ffi 005 s o. 500 di pp . le pp . 'Multiplying 005 by 500 is very
complicated' (vii) fierce: won . e. kn ma n le 'Tigers are fierce' (viii) firm: kta
n le 'The rock is firm' (ix) harsh: Olk. n le j 'The teacher is very harsh' (x)
rough: Om . o. n le gan-an 'The child was very rough' (xi) severe: Olk. n ti le
j fn ak. k. . n 'The teacher is too severe on the pupil' (xii) solid: Gl ma n
sb le ni 'Gold is usually solid' (xiii) stern: Bb r. ti le j 'His father is too
stern' (xiv) stiff: Ptk n le 'The board is stiff' (xv) stiffer: dnw le ju b mo ti
lr t. l. 'The examination was stiffer than I had expected' (xvi) strict: Ts n le
'The teacher is very strict' (xvii) tough: won . sj. gb d . . le 'Soldiers must be
tough'.
l (i) can/may: Mo l s. e 'I can do it' (ii) shall: K l di tr. , tmi ni 'You shall not have it,
it is mine' (iii) might: n un l w 'He said he might come' (iv) could: A l s. er
nb. ln s. gbn . n n, a k l ser nb. ntor p j n r. 'We could play there
yesterday but today, we can't because it is raining' (vi) capable: l s. e dada
nn dnw 'He is capable of doing well in the examination'.
l. 'to be dark': Al. l. 'It is dark'.
l.e 'to be lazy': l.e 'He is lazy'.
l. (i) to paste: le. w m. giri 'He pasted the paper on the wall' (ii) to be flexible: Igi y
l. 'This stick is flexible' (iii) elastic: Nnkan t l. ni rb . 'Rubber is an elastic
substance' (iv) glue: le. ow . . k. b
. n m. ara k. b. n 'She glued the handle
to the cup' (v) patch: Fi rb . le. ty n 'Patch the tyre with a rubber' (vi) seal: L.e
p w n 'Seal the envelope' (vii) sticky: Mo le. stnb m. l.t n 'I stuck a
stamp on the letter'.
l 'to calm down': L fn . m r.e (slang) 'Cool your temper'.
l (i) to use: l 'He used it' (ii) to bend: l s ap tn . 'It bends to the right' (iii) to
have sexual intercourse with: l (slang) 'He had sexual intercourse with her'
(iv) to joggle up and down: Igi n n l 'The tree is joggling up and down' (v)
 play: lo fln 'He played a violin' (vi) spend: lo wkt kan nn il 'He
spent one hour at home' (vii) wear: Mm ma n lo y.er ngb gbogbo 'Mother
always wears ear-rings' (viii) take: Mo lo ogn n 'I took the medicine' (ix)
operate: N j . o m o. b a s. e n lo . r o. y? 'Do you know how to operate this
machine?' (x) handle: k. b wn . s. e n lo b.
. e 'He learnt how to handle a knife'
(xi) engage: Wn . n lo n. mb telifn
. n 'The telephone number is engaged'
(xii) consume: K n ma n lo epo pp. 'The car consumes a lot of petrol'.
l. (i) to transplant: l. . f. 'He transplanted the vegetable' (ii) to twist: l. o. lrn . 'He
twisted his neck' (iii) to ache (in the stomach): In n l. mi 'I have stomach-ache'
(iv) to be warm: Omi n l. 'The water is warm' (v) to pinch: l. mi lknn
'He pinched me' (vi) set: L. won . dd w.w. n n e. s. bt k. kan . s ara won
.
'Set the young flowers at one foot apart' (vii) lukewarm: Omi n l. lsn ni 'The
water was only lukewarm' (viii) wring: lo. ady.e n lrn . lti pa 'He wrung
the chicken's neck to kill it'.
l o. (i) to go: l o. 'He went' (ii) advance: ti l o. nn s. ir 'She had advanced in
Arithmetic' (iii) attend: Mo lo. s ibi ry oj . -b
. r. 'I attend his birthday party' (iv)
bound: If. ni mt. n n lo. 'The car is bound for If. (v) continue: Wn . n kw lo.
'They continue reading' (vi) depart: Wn . lo. s If. 'They departed for Ife. ' (vii) far:
dra j m lo. nn wrn yy 'He is far better than me in drawing' (viii) head:
B. s
. n n lo. s rn l 'The bus is heading towards the centre of the town' (ix)
leave: lo. s il-w 'He left for school' (x) move: kk n lo. 'Time moves on'
(xi) motion: O k gbod . . s. kal. nn ok. . t b s. n lo. 'You must not get out of the
lorry when it is in motion' (xii) off: ti lo. s Lndn . 'He is off to London' (xiii)
onwards: Wn . n knj lo. ldr sinmi 'They hurried onwards without stopping to
rest' (xiv) proceed: Wn . rora. n lo. 'They proceeded slowly' (xv) shoot: Ow il ti
lo. sk 'Rents have shot up'.
l. (i) to grind: lo. ata 'He grinds pepper' (ii) to announce: fi r . . n l. 'He sought
advice on the matter' (iii) set: Kfn-nt n lo. ayn r. 'The carpenter sets his saw'
(iv) mill: r
. o. tuntun n tt ma n lo. flw 'The new machine mills flour very
quickly' (v) file: n lo. d r. 'He is filing his cutlass' (vii) iron: Mo lo. s. t mj 'I
ironed two shirts'.
l 'to mix': l wn . mra. 'He mixed them together'.
lu (i) to pierce': lu w n 'He pierced the paper' (ii) perforate: W n . lu bb n 'The
paper was perforated' (iii) leaky: Pn t wn . fi bo il n lu 'The roof is leaky'
(iv) pierce: Wn . lu et r. 'She has her ear pierced' (v) punch: lu ih mj s ara
agolo epo n 'He punched two holes in the tine of oil' (vi) tear: lu ih s ara a.so.
n 'He tore a hole in the dress'.
l (i) to hit: l 'He hits him (ii) to get into: lu jngbn . 'He got into trouble' (iii)
beat: lu l 'He beats the drum' (iv) whip: lu e. s. in n 'He whipped the horse'
(v) chime: Agogo n lu agogo m. ta 'The clock chimed three o'clock (vi) trash:
lu om
. o. n 'He trashed the child' (vii) smack: l 'He smacked him' (viii) ring:
Agogo l 'The bell rang' (ix) peal: Agogo s. . s . n l 'The Church bells were
pealing' (x) lash: Oknrin
. n lu ml n 'The man lashed the cow' (xi) knock:
fi igi lu ej n lr 'He knocked the snake on the head with a stick' (xii) drum:
 fi ka ow
. . r. lu tbl 'He drummed on the table with his finger'.

Mm
m (i) used as a marker of the progressive: Mo m b a lo. 'I am going with him' (ii) used as
a marker of the habitual: Mo m b a lo. ljoojm. 'I go with him everyday'.
m 'not': M lo. 'Don't go'.
m 'used for emphasis': m lo. 'He certainly went there'.
m (i) to breathe: n m 'He is breathing' (ii) me: p m 'He calls me'.
m (i) to swallow: mi ogn onkr 'He swallowed the pill' (ii) to shake: n mi igi
n 'He is shaking the tree' (iii) bother: Whl n k m m 'The trouble didn't
bother me' (iv) loose: Eyn Ay. n m 'Ay. has a loose tooth' (v) stir: Ew kankan
k m 'Not a leaf was stirring' (vi) swag: won . onj n n m b wn
. s. e dr 'The
dancers swayed as they stood' (vii) take: Mo mi ogn onkr n 'I took the pill'
(viii) wave: won . ewko n n m nn at.gn 'The plants wave in the wind' (ix)
waver: pinnu r. n m 'His resolution is wavering'.
mi 'me': r mi 'He saw me'.
mo 'I': Mo ra i.su 'I brought yams'.
m 'I': M n lo. 'I am going'.
m. (i) to be clean: m. 'It is clean' (ii) to paste: f ow m. on . nwj or 'He pasted
some money on his forehead' (iii) to be well disposed towards: In wa m . s i 'We
are well disposed towards him' (iv) day break: Oj ti m. 'It is day break' (v) to be
blameless: Ara r. m. 'He is not a suspect (vi) to treat (as of a sore): m. egb
ap r. 'He treats the sore on his arm' (vii) is ended: Il . ti m. ol n 'The thief has
been caught' (viii) to regret: Oj r. ti m. 'He has regretted his action' (ix) to be on
one's side: ku e. ni kan m . mi 'There is only one person on my side' (x) to
become: Gdgd k ml . 'To work hard does not mean that the worker will be
rich' (xi) onto: Wn . f m. ok . . oj irin n 'They jumped onto the train' (xii)
against: l.e or r. m. giri 'He hit his head against the wall' (xiii) anymore: K
n w s il-we m. 'He won't come to school anymore' (xiv) neat: Kls wa m.
'Our class is neat' (xv) tidy: Mo ma n f. k y m. 'I like rooms to be tidy' (xvi)
to: de s. . . f n m. giri 'He fixed the shelf to the wall'.
mo. (i) to build: mo. il 'He built a house' (ii) to make: mo. kk 'He made pottery'
(iii) limits: B mo ti mo. n y 'This is my limitation' (iv) mould: Wn . fi am. mo.
or kan 'They mould a head out of the clay'.
m . (i) to know: m . n . 'He knows it' (ii) to appreciate: m o. ara r . lgb 'He
appreciates that he is an elderly person' (iii) to have sexual intercourse with: mo.
yw r. (usage restricted to the Bible) 'He had sexual intercourse with his wife'
(iv) proficient: mo. ft . ya 'She is proficient at taking photographs' (v) meet:
M f. mo. olk. r.e 'I would like to meet your teacher' (vi) identify: Mo ti m o. o.
knrin t ko. w n - Ol ni 'I have identified the man who wrote the letter - It
is Ol' (vii) find: A m o. n . db ln s. ro 'We found our way here without
difficulty' (viii) conscious: Mo m . p n w m 'I was conscious that he was
looking at me' (ix) certain: Mo m. ( d mi lj) p n k n w 'I am certain he
 told me to come' (x) aware: N k m . p j n r. I was not aware that it was
raining' (xi) absorb: N k t mo. gbogbo fin won . 'I have not absorbed all their
rules'.
m (i) to take: m un 'He took it' (ii) to be sharp: b.. e n m 'The knife is sharp' (iii)
to cause to do something: m mi wl 'He caused my coming home (ie 'He
brought me home') (iv) to take effect: tt m mi 'I feel too cold (ie 'The cold is
having an effect on me') (v) to avenge: Or mi ti m un 'The wrong done to me has
been avenged' (vi) to buy: l ni e. m a s. o. y? 'How much did you buy this
cloth?' (vii) to accuse: m mi ll 'He accused me of stealing' (viii) arrest: Ol . .
p m ol n 'The police arrested the robber' (ix) feel: tt mu mi 'I feel cold'
(x) fix: A ti m oj. . kr wa 'We have fixed a date for our harvest' (xi) get: Mo
m w mi jde 'I got out my book' (xii) hold: m w dn 'He was holding a
book in his hand' (xiii) keep: N k f. w y.en, ma m un 'I don't want that book,
keep it' (xiv) lead: Tt n m wa d il Ay. 'The road led to Ayo's house' (xv)
make: m mi mu omi 'He made me drink water' (xvi) pick: M fl re. 'Pick up
your hat' (xvii) pipe: m omi (r . o)
. wo. il 'He piped water into the house' (xiii)
spot: m e. ni t bor nn er je n 'He spotted the winner in the race'.
mu (i) to drink: mu omi 'He drank water' (ii) to smoke: mu sg 'He smokes
cigarettes (iii) to suck: Om. o. n mu oyn
. y r . 'The baby sucks her mother's
breast' (iv) to damage: Ikn mu igi n 'The white ants have damaged the tree' (v)
to use (as of powdered tobacco): mu tb 'He uses powdered tobacco' (vi) take:
Kof
. lo ma mu b t? 'Will you take tea or coffee?'.
m 'to be hidden': m s ab. igb 'He hid under the bush'.

Nn
n (i) used as a marker of the progressive: Mo n lo. sb.' 'I am going there', (ii) used as a
marker of the habitual: Mo n lo. sl w ljoojm. 'I go to school everyday'.
n 'I': N k lo. 'I didn't go'.
n 'negator': N n lo. 'I did not go'.
n (i) to spend: n ow r . 'He spend his money' (ii) to bargain: n oj . n 'He
bargained for the good' (iii) to go to market: n nj Mk . l
. 'She goes to trade at
Mk. l
. market' (iv) first: Mo gbd . . par i.s. y n 'I must finish this work first'
(v) set: w n n mi n ogn nr 'The book set me back N20'.
n (i) to hit: n m 'He hit me' (ii) to stretch out: n n 'He stretch it out' (iii) to point:
nka s mi 'He pointed his fingers at me' (iv) to point out/to raise: na ka s
k 'He raised his fingers up' (v) defeat: A n wn . l. . m.ta 'We defeat them in
three sets' (vi) beating: Wn . n n 'He was given a beating' (vii) cane: Wn . na o.
mo. n ntor p p. d il-w 'The boy was caned for coming late to school;
(viii) reach: na ow . . lti m g n 'He reached his hand out for the bottle' (ix)
smack: n n 'He smacked him' (x) spread: Ey. . e n na y. r. 'The bird spreads
its wing' (xi) strike: Mo fi igi mi n n 'I struck him with my stick' (xii) trash:
na om
. o. n 'He thrashed the child' (xiii) turn: na won . om
. o. ka e. s. r. sta 'He
turned his toes out' (xiv) whip: na e. s. in n 'He whipped the horse'.
n (i) to have: n ow 'He has money' (ii) to say: n un n b. 'He says he is coming'
(iii) to/at: w n il 'He is at home' l o. s oko 'He went to the farm' (iv) to be
collective: N ako,. n abo 'Both male and female' (v) one after the other: n k
n en n j 'He is counting them in ones and twos' (vi) state: n un ti ra w
'He stated that he had bought the book' (vii) remark: n, 'Ib . y.en ni Ol n gb'
'That is where Olu lives', she remarked' (viii) per: Wn . ma n s. i.s. fn wkt kan
n ojm . 'They used to for work one hour per day' (ix) observe: T s. n n,
'Kls y dt'
. 'This class is dirty', the teacher observed (x) on: M d n Mnd .
'I shall arrive on Monday' (xi) in: w n oj . 'He is in the market' (xii) get: Mo n
aj 'I have got a dog' (xiii) claim: n un pa knn 'He claimed to have killed a
lion' (xiv) acquire: J. n
. n m. Yorb npa kkw krakra 'John acquired his
knowledge of Yoruba by studying hard'.
ni (i) to own: un l ni ow 'He is the one who owns the money' (ii) to be uncomfortable:
Ara n ni m 'I am feeling uncomfortable' (iii) to be: Ol ni 'It is Ol' (iv)
abbreviation for 'e. ni' (somebody/a person): Bn b jni 'If fire burns one' (v) us:
r ni 'He saw us' (vi) possess: Gbogbo nnkan t ni ni son. 'He lost all that he
possessed' (vii) am: T.s ni m 'I am a teacher' (vi) are: j ti Ad ni . gbn . Dl
oknrin
. 'Ojo and Ade are Dele's senior brothers' (viii) is: r.
. Pt ni 'He is Peter's
friend' (ix) was: Olk. mi ni 'He was my teacher'.
n 'to augment': fi i.s. oj
. tt n i.s. t.s 'He augmented his teaching job with trading
(because of the poor pay).
n (i) to clean: nu ara giri 'He cleaned the wall' (ii) to get lost: n w gtn r. t
n 'He is looking for his lost sheep' (iii) to feed (a child): n nu om . o. 'He is
feeding the baby' (iv) to wipe: nu oj r. 'He wipes his face' (v) rub: fi a.so. nu
bt r. 'She rubbed his shoes with a cloth' (vi) away: M ju w re. n 'Don't throw
away your book'.

Oo
(i) it/her/him: so 'He tied it/him/her' (ii) will: Ol r 'Olu will buy it' (iii) he:
gb bg n 'He picked up the bag' (iv) it: w n yr mi 'It is in my room' (v)
shall: N w 'I shall come' (vi) she: l o. sb. 'She went there' (vii) sure: j r.
ll
. 'It is sure to rain tomorrow'.
o (i) it/him/her: Aj gb o 'The dog barked at him/her/it' (ii) used as a prefix to form
nouns from verbs and verb phrases: gb 'to be old', ogb 'old age'.
(i) used for emphasis: l 'He surely used it' (ii) negator: Ol r 'Ol did not
buy it' (iii) used as a prefix to form nouns from verbs and verb phrases: s. er. 'to
play', .sr 'actor'.

O
. o.
. (i) it/him/her: g. . 'He deceived it/him/her' (ii) future marker: Ol . lo. 'Olu will go'.
o. (i) it/him/her: b. o. 'He fed it/him/her' (ii) used as a prefix to form nouns from verbs
and verb phrases: gbn . 'to be wise', ogb
. n . 'wisdom'.
. (i) used for emphasis: f. . . 'He surely washed it' (ii) negator: Ol . lo. 'Olu did not
 go' (iii) used as a prefix to form nouns from verbs and verb phrases: le. 'to be lazy',
l.
. e 'a lazy person'.
n
. 'it/him/her': pn . n
. 'She put it/her/him on her back'.
on
. 'it/him/her': pn . on
. 'She wrapped it'.
n
. (i) used for empahsis: pn . on. n
. 'She surely wrapped it' (ii) negator: Won . n
. lo.
'They did not go'.

Pp
p 'to be bald': p lr 'He is bald'.
pa (i) kill: pa ej n 'He killed the snake' (ii) to relate: pl. fn mi 'He told me a
riddle' (iii) to rub: Mo fi epo pa ow . . 'I rubbed my hands with oil' (iv) to be
hungry: Ebi n pa 'He is hungry' (v) to be in the rain or in the sun: j n pa 'It is
raining on him' (vi) to be silent: Wn . pa rr . . 'There was complete silence' (vii) to
make (noise): Wn . n pariwo 'They are making noise' (viii) to be drunk: Ot . n pa
'He is drunk' (ix) to be wounded: ti fi ara pa 'He has been wounded' (x) to hatch:
Ad.e n ti pamo. 'The hen has hatched the chicken' (xi) to cut open: pa ob 'He
cut open the kolanut' (xii) to make sales: pa ow d. ln 'She makes a little
sales today' (xiii) to fight fiercely: Wn . fi j pa e. . ta 'They fought fiercely' (xiv) to
heal: Wn . pa ogb.
. n 'They healed the wound' (xv) to cut: Wn . pa gb. 'They
cut down the forest' (xvi) to stop: Wn . pa l 'They stopped drumming' (xvii) to
put out: Wn . pa in 'They put out the light' (xviii) to give: pa .se. 'He gives an
order' (xix) to shell: Wn . pa . kr. 'They shelled palmnuts' (xx) set: pa ariwo
'He set up a yell' (xxi) execute: Wn . pa oknrin
. t pa Ol 'The man who had
killed Olu was executed' (xxii) extinguish: Wn . pa in n 'They extinguished the
fire (xxiii) hatch: Ady.e n ti pa om . o. 'The hen has hatched the chicken' (xxiv)
lash: j pa w lj 'The rain lashes our faces' (xxv) massacre: W n . pa won .
obnrin ti won . om
. od
. in l n 'They massacred women and children of the
town' (xxvi) murder: Oknrin. n pa yw r . 'The man murdered his wife'
(xxvii) shot: Wn . pa sj
. n fn ss t s 'The soldier was shot for desertion'
(xxviii) stamp: pa in n 'He stamped out the fire' (xxix) switch: Pa in 'Switch
off the light' (xxx) thresh: pa ok . 'He threshed the corn' (xxxi) turn: Pa in 'Turn
off the light' (xxxii) whip: j n pa frs n 'The rain was whipping the
window'.
p (i) to assemble: Wn . p 'They assembled' (ii) to say: p un n b. 'He says he is
coming (iii) that: r p un w 'He thinks that he will come' (iv) to be
accurate: p 'It is correct'; Ogn odn . ti p 'It is already twenty years' (v) to be
rewarding: I s. . mi p 'My work is rewarding' (vi) pay: . s. n gtn p 'Sheep
farming pays' (vii) state: p un ti ra w n 'He stated that he had bought the
book' (viii) collect: w on . r ti p lti wo er n 'A crowd of people had
collected to watch the play'.
p (i) to call: Wn. p 'They called him' (ii) address: Rand ni a ma n pe br wa o.
knrin 'We addressed our junior brother as Randa' (iii) dictate: T.s n pe won . .
r. kan fn won . ak.k. . lti ko. 'The teacher dictated some words for the students
 to write' (iv) invite: p w s pd n 'He invited us to the meeting' (v)
pronounce: s. i orko. mi p 'He pronounced my name wrongly' (vi) ring: Mo pe
Ol (lr fn) 'I ring Olu' (viii) summon: pe mnst r . 'He summoned his
minister'.
p. (i) to be late: p. 'He was late' (ii) to avoid: p. e. sl. 'He avoided it' (iii) to last: K
l p. 'It cannot last' (iv) tardy: p. k t w ran won . om
. o. n lw. . 'He was
tardy in offering help to the children' (v) most: p. tn, y gb . n wkt kan
lti d bdn lti If. 'At the very most, it will take you an hour to get to Ibadan
from If.e' (vi) long: S
. o ma p.? 'Will you be long?'.
pn (i) to divide: pn in s mj 'He divided it into two' (ii) distribute: pn w fn won .
'He distributed the books among them' (iii) group: Wn . pn won. y olk. won . k
'They grouped them round their teacher' (iv) share: Pn o. g rn-n . nr fn
nyn mrn-n 'Share out N100 among five people' (v) split: A pn i s. . n n
rn ara wa 'We split up the work between us'.
pin 'to stop/to come to an end': n . n pin 'The road got to an end'.
p 'a type of sound': Enu . mi r p 'My mouth makes the sound 'p'.
po 'run': giri n y abl n po 'The wall runs round the village'.
p (i) to mix: bu mlk sn t, po mjj p. 'He pour some milk into the tea and
mixed the two together' (ii) beat: po eyin . nn mlk 'She beats eggs in milk'
(iii) brew: po t 'He brewed tea' (iv) stir: po t r. 'He stirred his tea'.
p. (i) to inflate: p. ty k.k. 'He inflated the bicycle's tyre' (ii) to squeeze: p . wol .
'He squeezed himself into the house' (iii) wriggle: p . koj . in ogb
. t wn
. fi
okn di 'He wriggled through the thick hedge' (iv) pump: P. ty n 'Pump up
the tyre'
p . (i) many: w on . nyn n p . 'The people are many' (ii) to vomit: p . sl . 'He
vomited on the ground' (iii) to be cheap: I s. u p . l j . 'Yams are cheap in the
market' (iv) abundant: gbdo p. n odn . t koj
. 'Maize was abundant last year'
(v) cheaper: Kk. . p. ju k lo. 'A bicycle is cheaper than a car' (vi) common: p. .
p. n Njr 'Palm trees are common in Nigeria' (vii) excessive: Iye t o pe ga
y.en p,
. n k l san ow t t y.en 'The price of that chair is excessive, I can't pay
that much' (viii) heavy: j n p. pp. 'The rain was very heavy' (ix) mount:
nw wa n p. s i 'Our expenses are mounting up' (x) plenty: Korko p. n l wa
'The grass is plentiful in our town' (xi) spit: Om . o. n po. onj.e r. s gbogbo or
tbl 'The baby spat his food all over the table' (xii) together: Mo le. won . bb
mjj p. 'I stuck the two pieces of paper together'.
pn. (i) to flatter: p n . on
. 'He flattered him' (ii) to be red: p n . 'It is red' (iii) to
sharpen: pn . on. 'He sharpened it' (iv) to wrap: pn . on
. lw 'He used leaves
to wrap it' (v) to climb: pn . igi 'He climbed the tree' (vi) to be dirty: A.so. n p.
n 'The cloth is dirty' (vii) to be poor: Oj n pn . on
. 'He is poor' (viii) ripe: won .
mng n n pn . 'The mangoes were ripening' (ix) modify: fi r . -p
. nl
. pn
. .
r-.
. se 'He modified a verb with an adverb' (x) file: n pn . d n 'He is filing
the cutlass'.
pon. (i) to brew: pon . ot
. 'He brewed beer' (ii) to draw: pon . omi 'He drew water from
a stream' (iii) distil: Wn. pon. ot
. 'They distilled alcoholic drinks' (iv) fetch: pon .
 pl omi kan lti in od 'He fetched a bucket of water from the river' (v) fill:
pon
. omi s in pl n 'He filled the bucket with water' (vi) pump: p on . omi
sn dr. m
. 'She pumped water into the drum'.
pn
. (i) to mount: pn . s i l. yn 'He mounted on his back' (ii) to proceed: Wn
. m n
.
pn
. 'They continue on their journey'.

Rr
r (i) to vanish: r 'It vanished' (ii) to crawl: r 'He crawled' (iii) wind: Mo r okn
w e 'I wound a rope round it'.
ra 'to rub': fi epo ra e. s. r. 'He rubbed his leg with oil'.
r (i) to be putrid: Eran. y r 'This meat is putrid' (ii) to buy: r 'He bought it' (iii)
purchase: j.
. won. nyn ni a fi ra .s. gun n 'The victory was purchased with
the people's blood' (iv) get: Mo gbd . . ra w kan n il-tw 'I must get a book
from the bookshop' (v) deal: n ta k.k. tb n ra k. k. 'He deals in bicycles' (vi)
decay: Eyn r. ti r 'His teeth had decayed' (vii) afford: Mo l ra k 'I can afford a
car'.
rn (i) to sew: rn a.so. n 'He sew the cloth' (ii) to send on an errand: rn an n.s.
'He sent him on an errand' (iii) recurred illness: Es . . mi odn
. t koj
. n rn mi 'The
pain I had in my leg last year has recurred' (iv) to be puny: Om . o. y rn 'This child
is puny' (v) to persevere: fy rn an 'He persevered' (vi) recite: rn If 'He
recited Ifa verse'.
ran (i) to spin: ran w 'He did spinning' (ii) to dance: n ran lj agbo 'He is dancing
well in the gathering'.
rn (i) to infect: ti k ik. rn m 'He has infected me with his cough' (ii) to help: rn
mi l.r 'He helped me with the load' (iii) to shine: Orn n rn 'The sun is shining'
(iv) to catch fire: Ig n ti rn 'The wood has ignited' (v) to spread: sn y ti n
rn 'This disease has started spreading' (vi) to crawl: gbn rn 'The snail crawled'
(vii) to be able to overpower: Ow . . mi rn n 'I can overpower him' (viii) lit: Mo fi
in sn ran sg 'I lit the cigarrette with a match' (ix) bright: Orn rn 'The sun
was bright' (x) beam: Orn rn gba in krukru koj . 'The sun beamed through
the cloud'.
r (i) to take down: r a.so. n lr k. 'He takes down the clothes from the peg' (ii) to
drop: Osn
. n r lti or igi 'The orange dropped from the tree' (iii) to pare off
surface: r e lr 'He pared off its surface' (iv) to skim off: r omi or r. 'He
skimmed the water off it' (v) to trim: Mo r knn mi 'I trimmed my fingernails'
(vi) to curse: fi i r 'He cursed him' (vii) to close: Tkt n r 'The trap closed'
(viii) to transfer: Ik r lr mi 'Death has been transferred from my head' (ix)
spring: r tkt n 'He sprang the trap' (x) topple: Ol ko. lu tbl ife s r b.
sl. 'Ol knocked against the table and the glass toppled onto the floor'.
re (i) to lose: Igi n re ew 'The tree lost its leaves' (ii) to be urbane: Om . obnrin
. y ti re
j 'This girl is too urbane' (iii) to pick: re ata 'He picked pepper'.
r (i) to go to: Nbo lo r? 'Where did you go?' (ii) here it is: Ow r 'Here is money'.
r. (i) to be friendly: Wn . r. 'They are friendly (ii) to cut: Wn . r. e. ran n 'They cut the
 meat'.
r.e (i) to soak: Wn . re. a.so. n s in omi 'They soak the clothes in water' (ii) your: Aj r e.
ny 'This is your dog'.
r. (i) to be tired: r. mi 'I am tired' (ii) to increase in number: Wn . b s i, wn. r. s i
'They gave birth to more children, they increased in number' (iii) to drop: Igi n
ti r. 'The leaves of the tree have dropped' (iv) to be red: dd n r. dd 'The
flower is bright red' (v) his: Aj r. n y 'This is his dog' (vi) her: Aj r. n y 'This
is her dog' (vii) its: Et r. n y 'This is its ear' (viii) weak: r. . l.yn r. r. 'He
was weak after his illness' (ix) weaken: sn n j . k re. okn . r. 'The illness
weakened his heart' (x) wear: won . om . o. alriwo y j. k r. m 'These noisy
children do wear me down' (xi) weary: re. Ol lyn . i.s. oj
. . n 'Ol was feeling
very weary after the day's work' (xii) slack: r . . lr. y 'She feels slack this
morning' (xiii) sick: re. bb r. 'His father was sick' (xiv) ill: r. . 'He is ill'
(xv) exhaust: rnj n j. k r. . 'The journey had exhausted him'.
r (i) to see: r i 'He saw him' (ii) to get: r r lr oj . r. 'He got profit on his wares'
(iii) to look like: Bwo l s. e r? r kiribiti 'How does it look like? It is round (iv)
previously: lo. s ib. r 'He was there before' (v) catch: Mo r b . l . n lr igi 'I
caught sight of the ball on the tree' (vi) discover: S . o r w r e. ? 'Did you
discovered your book?' (vii) ever: Nj . o w o. in eropln r? 'Have you ever
entered an aeroplane?' (viii) find: O l r l r.e nn tls 'You can find your
country in an atlas' (ix) formerly: Gold Coast in Ghana n j . r 'Ghana was
formerly called Gold Coast' (x) make: n r ow pp. ls. . 'He makes a lot of
money every week' (xi) obtain: Nj. o mo. ibi t a ti l r i? 'Do you know where it
can be obtained?' (xii) sight: Mo r jk t k s nyn lr r. 'I caught sight of
an empty seat' (xiii) spot: r r. . r. lrin r 'He spotted his friend in a crowd'
(xiv) visible: A r fn in r. lti oj tt 'The smoke from her fire was visible
from the road'
ri to cave in: Il. n ri 'The ground caved in'.
r (i) to sink: k . . n r sn od 'The ship sank into the river' (ii) go under: Ok . . n r
'The boat went under' (iii) stick: Ty k n r sn bt 'The tyre of the car
stick in the mud' (iv) drown: M s. er lt omi k o m ba sub sn r. k o s r
'Don't play by the river in case you fall in and drown'.
rn (i) to laugh: rn (.rn) 'He laughed' (ii) smile: rn s won . om. o. n 'She smile at
the children'.
rin (i) to be moist: rin 'It is moist' (ii) to be soggy: j n rin il . 'The rain has made
the ground soggy' (iii) grate: rin gar 'He grated cassava'.
rn (i) to walk: rn 'He walked' (ii) to tickle: rn m lby 'He tickled my armpit' (iii)
to press down: rn n ml. . 'He pressed it down' (iv) to make one feel sick: rn
m ly 'It makes me feel sick' (v) travel: Bwo ni s. e n yra rn s? 'At what
speed is he travelling?' (vi) go on foot: A gb lti rn 'We decided to go on foot'
(vii) stroll: A rn y abl n k 'We stroll round the village' (viii) take a turn:
M kk . . rn y il po 'I will take a few turns round the house first'.
r (i) to stand: r s iwj g . r. 'He stood in the front of his master' (ii) to put on a
wrapper (by a woman): r a.so. 'She puts on her wrapper' (iii) to make a sound:
 r 'It makes a sound' (iv) to wait: r d m 'He waited for me' (v) drape: r
a.so. lk n m. jk 'He draped a cloak round his shoulders'.
ro (i) to pain: Es. . n ro m 'My leg is paining me' (ii) to cut: ro oko iwj il r. 'He cut
the bush in the front of his house' (iii) to drip: Omi y n ro s in ab. 'This water
is dripping into the plate' (iv) to be difficult: n ro fn Ol . 'Today is difficult for
Ol'
. (v) to feel the absence of someone: Oj n ro ntor Ad 'I feel the absence of
Ad' (vi) till: ro il. 'He tilled the land' (vii) pain: yn . n ro 'He has a pain in
his back' (viii) mow: won . oknrin
. n n ro oko 'The man are mowing the grass'.
r (i) to think: ron l e lr 'He thinks over it' (ii) to stir: ro ob . . n or in 'He stirs
the soup on the fire' (iii) to relate: r fn un 'He related everything to him' (iv)
prepare: ro . f. 'He prepared vegetables' (v) add: ro e. . ta m. e. . rin lti di eje
'He added three to four to makie seven' (vii) assume: Mo r p sk kan n lo
ma n j ljoojm. 'I assumed you always woke up at the same time everyday'
(viii) fancy: Mo r p mo gb . t e. n kan n w o. in il n 'I fancied I heard
someone entering the house' (ix) feel: r p un b ti s. e i.s. t dra ju y.en lo.
'He felt he could have done better work' (x) gauge: Mo r p w mrn-n ni y
w lr tbl y.en 'I gauged that there will be five books on that table' (xi) hope:
Mo r p w nl by 'I hope he is at home now' (xii) imagine: S . o r p mo
ma d er yn dr ni? 'Do you imagine I am going to stop your game'? (xiii)
suppose: Mo r p ti lo. 'I supposed that he had left' (xiv) suspect: jo. t.s s.
gbn . mo r p lw gan-an ni 'He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a
lot of money'.
r. (i) to narrate: r. l 'He narrated his dream' (ii) to sprain: fi e. s. r. 'He sprained his
leg' (iii) to fire: r. gb 'He fired a cannon' (iv) to creak: ga y n r. k.k. 'This
chair is creaking' (v) to push: r. mt . n s oj n. 'He pushed the vehicle on
to the road' (vi) to be tough: Okn n r. 'The rope won't break easily' (vii) to
show off: Om . oknrin
. n n r. 'The boy is showing off' (viii) to be well pounded:
Iyn n r. 'The pounded yam is well pounded' (ix) to rush out in great number:
W n . r . l o. 'They rushed out' (x) wrench: fi orkn r . 'He gave his ankle a
wrench' (xi) swarm: won . om. o. n r. wo. in kls 'The children swarm into the
classroom' (xii) swept: won . r n r. wl. lti k 'The crowd swept down the
hill' (xiii) strain: r. l.s. 'He strained his leg'.
ro. (i) to wither: Ew n ro. 'The leaves withered' (ii) to be difficult: n . t ro. l gb 'He
took a difficult road' (iii) to smith: ro. ok . . 'He smiths a hoe' (iv) to be limp: Es . .
r. kan ro. 'One of his legs limps' (v) to pour fluid into a container which has a
narrow neck: ro. omi s in g 'He poured water into the bottle' (vi) to feed (as
of a child): ro. om . o. r. 'She fed her baby' (vii) droop: won . dd n ro. n kt
t a j won . tn 'The flowers drooped soon after we picked them' (viii) forge: ro.
ok
. . 'He forged hoe' (ix) limp: B korko b f. k, ew won . y ro. 'When plants
are dying, their leaves become limp'.
r. (i) to rain: j r. 'It rained' (ii) to be soft: Osn . n r. 'The orange is soft' (iii) to
persuade: r. . k m s. e i.s. n 'He persuaded him from doing the job' (iv) to
be tamed: Oj aj n r. 'The dog is tamed' (v) to hang down: r. lr igi 'He is
hanging on a tree' (vi) to be sober: Oj r. ti r. 'He is now sober' (vii) not to be
 angry: In r . ti r. 'He is no more angry' (viii) towards evening: Oj . . ti r. 'It is
towards evening' (ix) to pick what one likes: n s. , n r. 'He is picking the ones
he likes' (x) subside: j n b. r. s r. 'The storm began to subside' (xi) easy: wo.
n br y en . r . 'Those questions were easy' (xiii) pour: j r . sl . 'The rain
poured down' (xiv) fall: j n r . lm w . r
. 'Rain was falling steadily' (xv)
soften: Il. r. 'The earth softened' (xvi) soothe: Mo ro. om . o. mi ngb t n sunkn
'I soothed my son when he was crying' (xvii) tender: Eran . n r. 'The meat is
tender' (xviii) urge: r. . k sinmi 'He urged her to rest'.
r (i) to spring up: Ew n ti n r b . 'The leaves are springing up' (ii) to stir up
sediments in water: r omi 'He stirred up sediments in the water (iii) to stir up
revolt: r l 'He stirred up revolt in the town' (iv) to break: r fin 'He broke
the law' (v) to poke: r in 'He poked the fire' (vi) to rise: fn n r 'The smoke
is rising' (vi) to be rough: Od y n r sk 'This river is rough' (viii) to offer:
r e. bo. 'He offered a sacrifice' (ix) to haft: r ok. . 'He hafted a hoe' (x) to put on:
r s a.so. r. 'He puts on his garment' (xi) to drive out: ' n r igb 'He is driving
out animals from the bush'.
ru (i) to be boiling: Omi n n ru 'The water is boiling' (ii) to be dark: r ru 'It is dark'
(iii) to be angry: In r . ru 'He is angry' (iv) froth: It . n n ru 'The saliva is
frothed'.
r (i) to be lean: r 'He is lean' (ii) to carry: ru e. r 'He carried a load' (iii) thin: r
'He is thin'.
rn (i) to reduce to pieces: wo n rn 'The plate is reduced to pieces' (ii) to chew:
rn ob 'He chewed kolanut' (iii) to cure: rn awo. 'He cured leather' (iv) to turn
over: rn ara lr e. n 'He turned (his body) over in bed' (v) to occur: R. r. rn
'Disaster occurs' (vi) crush: won . a.so. r. rn gan-an ni 'His dresses were badly
crushed' (vii) wrinkle: Iwj a.so. r. rn 'The front of his dress wrinkles' (viii) tan:
A rn awo. e. ran lti fi s. e bt alwo. 'We tan animal skin to make leather shoes'
(ix) crumble: rn kr n fn ady.e 'He crumbled the cake for the chicken'.
run (i) to ache (as of stomach): In n run m 'I am having stomach ache' (ii) to perish:
Gbogbo dl won . ti run 'The whole family has perished' (iii) to destroy: run l
'He destroyed the town'.
rn (i) to smell: n rn 'It is smelling' (ii) to dip a morsel of food in soup: Mo run ob. . 'I
dipped a morsel of food in soup' (iii) to chew: n run pk 'He is chewing the
chewing stick' (iv) stink: k e. ja n n rn 'The dead fish stinks'.

Ss

s (i) to dry: s a.so. 'He hanged the clothes in the sun to dry' (ii) to run: s lo. 'He ran
away' (iii) fly: s jde k nn il n 'She flew out of the house' (iv) flash: K
n s koj
. 'The car flashed past' (v) air: s e. ni n k l gb.e 'He aired the mat
to dry'.
s (i) to be called by one's nickname: Wn . s 'They use his nickname(s) to call him' (ii)
to apply strength on: sa gbogbo agbra r. lti s. e , s s. e 'He applied all his
 strength to doing it and he did it' (iii) to use charms on: sa ogn s i 'He used
charms on him' (iv) to make marks on: Mo s lm 'I made a mark on it' (v) to
baptise: Mo s lm 'I baptised him' (vi) sir: Mo dp., s 'I thank you, sir'.
sn (i) to crack: giri n sn 'The wall cracked' (ii) to thunder: r sn 'It thundered'
(iii) to ache: Or n sn mi 'I have a headache' (iv) to tie round: sn a s. o. m. d
'He tied a cloth round his waist' (v) split: Igi tbl y sn 'There is a split in the
wood of this table'.
san (i) to pay: san ow r. 'He paid his money' (ii) to be heal: Egb e. s. r. ti san 'The
sore on his leg has been healed' (iii) to requite: san oore t mo s. e pad 'He
showed kindness for the services done him by me' (iv) to be fat: sn ara 'He is
fat' (v) share: J. k n lo. b o. san nn ow b. s . n 'Let me go shares with you in
the bus fare' (vi) settle: San ow ti o je. 'Settle your bill' (vii) give: l lo san fn
w y.en? 'How much did you give for that book?' (viii) foot: won . b mi ni san
ow gbogbo ohun t a fi s. e gbyw 'My parents footed the bill for the wedding'.
sn (i) to be well: ti sn fn un by 'He is now well' (ii) to be good: sn j m lo. 'He
is better than me' (iii) to recover: n sn lo. 'He is gradually recovering his health'
(iv) drain: Omi n rora . n sn lo. 'The water drained away slowly' (v) thin: Ob. .
n sn 'The soup is thin' (vi) weak: Ob. . y sn 'This soup is weak'.
s (i) to block: Wn . s frs n 'They blocked the window' (ii) to miss: kta t j s
oj ih n 'The stone he threw missed the hole'.
s (i) cook: se ob. . il 'He cooked okro soup' (ii) stew: se e. ran n 'She stewed the
meat'.
s. (i) to deny: s. mi lj gbogbo ay 'He denied me in the presence of everybody' (ii) to
sieve: s. g 'He sifted out starch from pounded corn' (iii) definitely: Y w s.
'He will definitely come' (iv) slop: T n s. s in ss . 'The tea slopped into the
saucer' (v) filter: Wn . s. omi n k won . t mu n 'They filtered the water before
they drink it'.
s. (i) to gush out: j . . r. n s. 'His blood is gushing out' (ii) to happen: s. . l. nl s . 'A
startling event happened' (iii) to knock against: se. or m. Ad 'He knocked his
head against Ad'.
s (i) to/at: lo. s oj. 'He went to the market' (ii) to exist (used negatively): K s n ib.
'He is not there' (iii) more: A nl w s i 'We need more books'.
s (i) to be discoloured: w. a.so. n ti s 'The clothes have been discoloured' (ii) and:
r , s je. . 'He bought and ate it'.
sn (i) to sneeze: sn 'He sneezed' (ii) to crack (as of nuts): sn kr. 'He cracked
nuts' (iii) to thread (as of beads): fi w sn l . k. 'He threads beads on the
cotton'.
sin (i) to bury: Wn . sin n 'He was buried' (ii) to be hidden: fara sin 'It is hidden'.
sn (i) to worship: Wn . sin Olwa 'They worshipped the Lord' (ii) to accompany: sn n
lo. s ib. 'He accompanied him there' (iii) to give in marriage: sin om . o. r. n
yw 'He gave his daughter in marriage' (iv) to keep (as of poultry): n sin ade.
'He is keeping poultry' (v) to keep complaining about someone: Enu . k sn lra r.
'There are constant complains against him' (vi) to work for: n sn n 'He is
working for him' (vii) to demand for (as of money): sn n lw 'He demands
 for her money from him' (viii) breed: Wn . n sin ewr. 'They bred goat' (ix) see
off: r.. mi sn m sn
. 'I was seen off by my friend' (x) escort: sin lej r. lo. s
dk. 'He escorted his visitor to the motor park' (xi) serve: n sin oknrin . n
'She was serving the man'.
s 'to break wind': s 'He broke wind'.
so (i) to tie: Wn . so 'They tied it' (ii) to fruit: Igi osn. y ti so 'This orange tree has
fruited' (iii) to hang: so 'He hanged' (iv) to have spots on body: Ara r . so 'He
has spots on his body' (v) stand: pa e. s. r. so 'The scar on his leg stands out' (vi)
clip: Wn . fi klp so won . w n p. 'The papers were clipped together with a
clip' (vii) fit: so t.elifn s in il mi 'He fitted a telephone in my house' (viii)
lash: A so ok . . oj omi n m. igi 'We lashed the boat to the tree' (ix) tether: so
e. ran r. m. p 'He tethered his goat to the post'.
so. (i) to sprout: Igi n so. l. gb.. 'The tree sprouted leaves at the side' (ii) to speak: so. .
r. 'He spoke' (iii) to peck: Ey. . e n fi e. nu so. igi 'The bird peck the tree' (iv) to
throw: Mo so. . s in ab. 'I threw it inside the plate' (v) to sew together (as of
broken calabash): so. igb 'He sewed together the broken calabash' (vi) to dig:
so. il. 'He dug the ground' (vii) break: Ariwo nl so. 'A loud noise broke out' (viii)
come: r tuntun so. s mi lkn . 'A new idea came to my mind' (ix) utter: w m
lso. nnkan kan 'He looked at me without uttering a word' (x) tell: So. ohun t s. e.
l. n n fn mi 'Tell me what happened today' (xi) state: so. p un ti ra w n
'He stated that he had bought the book' (xii) speak: l so. Yorb 'He can speak
Yorb' (xiii) shoot: B k n ti for sogi, . so. won . t w nn r. sta 'As the
car hit the tree, the occupants were shot out' (xiv) shrug: so. jk 'She shrugged
her shoulder' (xv) set: So. in s bb y.en 'Set fire to that piece of paper' (xvi) run:
Ok. . n so. m. giri 'The lorry ran into a wall' (xvii) mouth: .sr n so. won . .
r. r. 'The actor mouthed his words' (xviii) narrate: so. npa rnj r. n l n
'He narrated his adventures in the town' (xix) comment: so. npa won . w t k
dra n 'He commented on the bad books'.
s. (i) to descend: so. lti or k 'He came down from the mountain' (ii) to grumble: ti
r. l ti n s. 'He has been grumbling since morning' (iii) get: S . kal. 'Get down'
(iv) dismount: s. lr kk. . r. 'He dismounted from his bicycle' (v) alight: Mo
s. lti in ok. . oj irin 'I alighted from the train' (vi) descend: Wn . s. s or igi
'They descended to the tree'.
s (i) to sew seeds: s so 'He sew the seeds' (ii) to be tired: s mi 'I am tired' (iii) to
sprout abundantly: Ew oko s 'The plants sprouted abundantly' (iv) to have spots:
Ara r. s 'He has spots on his body' (v) bore: s mi 'I am bored' (vi) weary:
Kkn t n kn ngb gbogbo ti s mi 'I am weary of his constant grumbling'.
sn (i) to shift: sn fn un 'He shifted for him' (ii) to prick: Egn . sn mi lw
. . 'A thorn
pricked my hand' (iii) move: sn m. mi 'He moved near me'.
sun (i) to burn something: sun n 'He burnt it' (ii) to ooze out: Omi sun jde 'Water
oozes out' (iii) alight: sun won . ew gbgbe. n 'He set the dry leaves alight'
(iv) fire: sun grs gbgbe. n 'He set fire to the dry grass' (v) roast: sun e.
ran n 'He roasted the meat'.
sn (i) to sleep: sn 'He slept' (ii) to aim at: sn n 'He aimed at it' (iii) lie: Sn sl .
 'Lie down' (iv) asleep: ti sn 'He is asleep' (v) doze: Mo sn fn wkt kan 'I
dozed for one hour' (vi) slumber: Wn . sn lo. n sn
. oj
. . n 'They slumbered
away that afternoon'.

S.
.s
s. (i) to slash: s. a 'He wounded him' (ii) to make marks (ie k. k.): s. k. k. 'He made
k.k. marks on his cheeks' (iii) to strike (as of matches): s. in 'He strikes a
match' (iv) fade: A.so. y ti s. 'This cloth has faded' (v) merely: Mo fs kan s. 'I
merely gave a reply (vi) to be unproductive: Il . y ti s. 'This land is no more
productive' (vii) set: S . .sn s bb y.en 'Set a match to that piece of paper'.
s. 'to pick up things': Mo s. wn . nl. 'I picked them from the ground'.
s. n (i) to cut down (as of bush): Mo s. n igb 'I cleared the bush' (ii) to plaster: f sm . n
t s. n giri n ibi t ti ya 'He plastered the wall with cement where it was
dilapidated' (iii) to swing: s. n ap 'He swung his arms to and fro' (iv) to bite (as
of snake): Ej s. n an 'He was bitten by the snake' (v) to eat food without the
necessary condiment such as soup: s. n g. . d. 'He ate his plantain raw' (vi) flung
against: gb e snl. 'He flung him against the ground'.
s. n (i) to flow: Omi n n s. n 'The water flows' (ii) to wash without soap or to rinse: s.
an ara 'He washed his body without soap'; s. an a.so. 'He rinsed the clothes' (ii) to
be watery: Ob. . y s. n 'This soup is watery'.
s. 'question marker': S . o lo? . 'Did you go?'.
s. e (i) to do something: s. e 'He did it' (ii) to make into (as of law): s. e n fin 'He
made it into law' (iii) that can be used for something: Awo. y s. e s. e bt 'This
leather can be made into footwear' (iv) definitely: Se . ni mo j.e . 'I certainly ate it'
(v) to be: s. e w.k 'It is exact' (vi) to say: s. e n p. l. 'He says hello to him'
(vii) play: Wn . s. e bojboj 'They played hide and seek game' (viii) drive: K ni
f. s. e? 'What is he driving at?' (ix) up to: Lo. wo ohun t won . om. o. n n s. e 'Go
and see what the children are up to' (x) turn out: Il-i.s. n n s. e pl onke pp.
'The factory is turning out large quantity of plastic pails' (xi) tan: A s. e awo. eran .
lati fi s. e bt alwo. 'We tan animal skin to make leather shoes' (xii) produce: Il-i.s
. n n s. e ok
. . ayk. . l. 'The factory produces cars' (xiii) pose: s. e b ol . p
. 'He
posed as a policeman' (xiv) perform: w on . om . od
. s. e er kan 'The children
performed a play; (xv) manufacture: A n s. e mt . ayk . l.
. nn il-i.s. y 'Cars are
manufactured in this factory' (xvi) hold: Won . y s. e pat ls
. . t n b. 'They are
holding a party next week' (xvii) do: ti s. e 'He has done it'.
s. . (i) to break/to sprain: s. . igi n 'He broke the stick/ s. . n e. s. 'He sprained his leg'
(ii) to fold: Mo s. . a.so. n s mj ogb . o. ogba
. 'I folded the cloth into two equal
parts' (iii) to thatch: O' s. . il n 'He thatched the house' (iv) to team out: Ikn s. .
lti ib. 'The termite teamed out of the place' (v) to be poor: .s. s. . e. 'He is very
poor'.
s. e. 'come true': r . . r. s. e. 'His words come true'.
s. . (i) to commit an offence s. . m 'He offended me' (ii) to originate from: If. ni won .
 ara f . n. ti s. . 'The people of f . n
. originated from If . ' (iii) to suffer (as of a
bereavement): f . . s. . . 'He suffered a bereavement' (iv) to break out: In s. . 'A
fire broke out' (v) to carry: fi or s. e. er . 'He carried the load on his head'.
s. (i) to calculate: s. ow 'He calculated the money' (ii) to open: s. l.kn 'He opened
the door' (iii) to buy (as of pounded yam): s. yn 'He bought punded yam' (iv) to
set in motion: s. ok . . 'He started up a motor-car' (v) to begin (as of a war): s.
gun 'He began a war' (vi) to set out (as of a journey): s. lo. s k 'He set out for
Lagos' (vii) to move (as of a house): s. il 'He moved house' (viii) to fire (as of
a gun): s. n b 'He fired at him' (ix) flake: d . n s. kr lra giri 'The
paint flaked off the wall' (x) sail: s. ok . . 'He sculed the boat' (xi) turn: n s.
oj-w n 'He was turning the pages of the book' (xii) unlock: S . l.kn y.en
'Unlock that door' (xiii) unscrew: S . dr g y.en 'Unscrew the lid of that bottle'
(xiv) open (fire): Wn . s in b wn . 'They opened fire on them' (xv) peel off:
Bb ara giri n n s 'The wall-paper is peeling off'.
s. (i) to make a mistake: s. 'He made a mistake' (ii) still: s. n lo. s ib. 'He still goes
there (iii) to fade: A.so. n ti s. The clothes have faded' (iv) to look dull: Oj r. s.
'He looks dull' (v) wrong: O s. i r . . n ko. sl. 'You've spelt the word wrong'.
s. (i) to fit loosely: Skt
. y s. m 'My trousers fit me loosely' (ii) loose: B. lt t s.
dra ju y t fn lo. 'A loose belt is better than a tight one'.
s. . (i) guard: Ol . d.
. e n s. il n 'A hunter is guarding the house' (ii) keep eye on: n s. .
won . om. o. n 'He kept eyes on the children' (iii) take guard: Aj n s. . il n
'The dog took guard of the house' (iv) watch: S o b mi s. . a.so. mi? 'Will you
watch over my clothes?'.
s. (i) to become dark: Il. ti s. 'It has become dark' (ii) to prepare to rain: j ti s. 'It is
going to rain' (iii) to be ungrateful: fi ibi s. u 'He is ungrateful to him' (iv) to
answer an abuse with an abuse: s. u mi lhn 'He answered my abuse with an
abuse'.
s. u 'to empty bowel': lo. s. u 'He went to empty his bowel'.
s. (i) to make ball of something: s. u . b 'He made the cassava flour into a ball' (ii) to
wrap: n s. u . ko. 'He is wrapping . ko. (a food made of maize)' (iii) to be round:
s. 'It is round' (iv) to swarm: won . oyn s. b 'The bees swarmed round him'.

Tt
ta (i) to protrude: Eyn r. ta 'His teeth protrude' (ii) to sting: Oyin ta 'The bee stung him'
(iii) who?: Ta ni 'Who is it?' (iv) to shoot/fire: ta bon . 'He fired a gun' (v) to
kick: E.
. sn ta n p 'The horse kicked him' (vi) to pierce: Mo ta ifn
. mi 'I pricked
my pimples' (vii) to spatter over: Epo ta s mi lra 'Oil spattered over me' (viii) to
stretch over a support: ta okn 'He stretched out a rope' (ix) to tie: ta a s. o. m.
igi 'He tied the cloth round the tree' (x) to dart forward: ta kre 'He darted
forward' (xi) to be startled: ta gr 'He was startled' (xii) to be hot: At ta mi l.nu
'The pepper tastes hot in my mouth' (xiii) to play a game: W n . ta ay 'They
played the ay game' (xiv) to yield: I.su n ta 'The yams yielded very well (xv) to
smell fine: n ta snsn 'It smells nice' (xvi) to make a noise: kk ta 'There was
 a great noise' (xvii) to appear (as of sun): Orn ta 'The sun appears' (xviii) to
cackle: gbd ta 'The maize cackled' (xix) to be destitute: s. ta 'He was
destitute' (xx) to pain: Or n ta mi 'I have a pain in my head' (xxi) hang: Wn . ta
won . flg fn obabnrin
. 'They hanged out flags for the queen' (xxii) whom: Ta
ni o b sr . ?
. 'Whom did you speak to?' (xxiii) whose: Bt ta ny.en? 'Whose shoe
is that?' (xxiv) stitch: S . o ti ta btnn
. r.e m. s. t r.e? 'Have you stitched your
button onto your shirt?' (xxv) spicy: Mo f. rn onje. t b ta 'I like spicy food'
(xxvi) spalsh: Omi ta s mi l. s. 'Water spalshed over my leg' (xxvii) spring: ka .
igi n ta pad s b m 'The branch sprang back and hit me' (xxviii) smart:
Ayodn ma n ta ti a b fi s egb 'Iodine smarts when it is put on a cut' (xxix)
snap: ta ka s i 'He snapped his finger at him' (xxx) shoot: ta of . 'He shot the
arrow' (xxxi) sew: ta btnn . s. t r. 'He sewed the button of his shirt on' (xxxii)
pain: Or n ta 'He has a pain in his head' (xxxiii) bite: Kkr ta m 'The insect
bit me'.
t (i) to sell: ta oj . r. 'She sells her wares' (ii) deal: n ta k.k. tb n ra k. k. 'He
deals in bicycles' (iii) hit: Orin y.en t n .s 'That song was a hit last year' (iv)
stock: Won . k ta i.su, rs nkan ni 'They do not stock yams, only rice'.
tn (i) to come to an end': ti tn 'It has come to an end' (ii) finish: kr n ti tn 'The
cake has finished' (iii) up: je. onj.e r. tn 'He ate up his food' (iv) run out: Sg
wa ti tn 'We have ran out of sugar' (v) entirely: ti par kr n tn 'He has
entirely finished the cake'.
tan 'to be related': Wn . tan 'They are related'.
tn (i) to be stranded: Wn . ti tn 'They have been stranded' (ii) to put on the light: In ti
tn 'The light has been put on' (iii) to deceive: tn m 'He deceived me' (iv)
bright: wo. a.so. t tn 'She wore a bright dress' (v) emit: Orn ma n tan ml. .
'The sun emits light' (vi) fool: Mo tn n lti j. k r p n fn un lw n 'I
fooled him into thinking that I will give him the money' (vii) go on: In n tn
'The light went on' (viii) glean: .sp tn s omi n 'The moon gleaned on the
river' (ix) light: Tan in n 'Light the fire' (x) sparkle: kkn omi ma n tn nn
orn 'Drops of water sparkles in the sun' (xi) trick: tn m mu ogn n 'He
tricked me into taking the medicine' (xii) turn on: Tan in n 'Turn on the light'.
te 'to pick in ones and twos': Wn . te jo. 'They collected them in ones and twos'.
t. (i) to put to shame: ti t. 'He has been put to shame' (ii) to spread out: t. e. ni 'He
spreads out the mat' (iii) to be tasteless: Onj.e y ti t. 'This food is tasteless' (iv)
to be flat: Il. n t. 'The land is flat' (v) disgrace: M t. e. b wa 'Don't disgrace
our family' (vi) unfold: t. kp.. t n 'He unfolded the carpet' (vii) level: A nl
il. t t. nbi t a ti l ma gb b. l . 'We need a level piece of ground to play
football on'.
t. (i) to bend: t. . 'He bends it' (ii) to bend over while pounding (as of pounded yam):
t.e iyan 'He bent over while pounding the yam' (iii) to confer: Wn . n t. 'They
are discussing' (iv) to print: t.e we n 'He printed the book' (v) to prepare (as of
cassava flour): t.e . b 'He prepared cassava flour (b)' . (vi) to catch: Ow
. . t. .
'He has been caught' (vii) to step on: n t.e il. j. j. 'He is stepping on the ground
gently' (viii) to dent: Ab. y ti t. 'This tin-bowl has been dented' (ix) to labour (as
 of a woman who wants to give birth to a baby): Ob t. . 'She is labouring to have
a baby' (x) to play on (as of an harmonium): n t.e dr 'He is playing on the
harmonium' (xi) press: te. aago t w l. nu n . 'He pressed the doorbell' (xii) tilt:
Mo t.e k. b
. n k n l mu omi lti in r. 'I tilted the cup to drink out of it' (xiii)
tread: Mo s. .s t. . l. s. 'I trod on his foot by accident' (xiv) type: Te. l. t n
'Type the letter' (xv) warp: l. kn n k t ntor p igi r. ti t. 'The door won't
shut because the wood has warped' (xvi) send: te. wy 'He sent a telegram'.
t (i) to fade: ti t 'It has faded' (ii) to hit: t mi n igi 'He hit me with a stick' (iii)
who/which/whose, etc: Om . o. t sn 'The child who slept' (iv) whom: Olwol .
gan-an ni orko. om . oknrin
. t a n p n Ol 'The boy whom we called Ol is really
called Olwol'
. (v) why: N k mo. d t o k fi w 'I don't know the reason why
you didn't come' (vi) that: f. rn w t mo fn un 'He liked the book that I gave
her' (vii) provide: O l lo. t o b ti ma d k il. t s. 'You can go provided that
you come home before dark'.
ti (i) to scratch/to strip (as of meat on a bone): fi knn ti j.e 'He scratched with his
nails and ate it' (ii) have/has/had: ti lo. 'He has gone' (iii) a question marker: Tre.
ti j?
. 'What's your concern about this?' (iv) Issue out from/come out of: ti k
lo. s bdn 'He went to bdn from Lagos' (v) that of: A s. o. ti mi 'My cloth' (vi)
own: we n k s. e tir. 'The book is not his own' (vii) of: Mo fn r. . mi n won .
w kan. kn
. ti bb r. w nb. 'I gave my friend some books. One of his father
was there' (viii) already: j ti n r. 'It was already raining'.
t (i) to be adjacent to: Il wa ti tir. 'Our house is adjacent to his' (ii) no: t 'No' (iii) to
push: t m 'He pushed me' (iv) to shut: ti l. kn 'He shut the door' (v) to be
ashamed: Oj t 'He is ashamed' (vi) against: ga n fi ara ti giri 'The chair is
leaning against the wall' (vii) beside: Jk t m 'Sit beside me' (viii) budge: N k
l ti kta y 'I can't budge this rock' (ix) by: Jk t m 'Sit by me' (x) close: ti
l.kn 'She closed the door' (xi) fasten: ti ti l. kn 'She has fastened the door'
(xii) lock: Kk. r. . ni a fi n ti l.kn 'You use a key to lock the door with' (xiii)
next: Il bb mi ni ti tir. 'My father's house is next to his' (xiv) press: won . o.
mod. n n ti ara won . b wn . s. e n gbynj titt jde 'The children are pressing
each other as they tried to get out quickly' (xv) drive: Ebi l t lo. jal 'He was
driven by hunger to steal' (xvi) slant: W n . fi b n ti giri 'The ladder was
slanted against the wall' (xvii) thrust: ti ow . . r. bo. p r. 'He thrust his hand
into his pocket' (xviii) wash down: Br. d ti bt . t mo fi b t s sl. ni onje. .
sn mi 'My lunch was bread and butter washed down with beer'.
tin (i) to be thin: tin ls. . 'His legs are thin' (ii) slender: Ap r. tin 'He has a slender arm'
(iii) skinny: Oknrin
. n tin lp 'The man has skinny arm'.
t (i) to be sufficient: t 'It is sufficient' (ii) to amount to: t oj . . m.ta t o ti w 'It is
three days since you came' (iii) to be worthy of: A s. o. n t a s. o. 'The cloth is
worthy of its name' (iv) about: t mi 'He is about my size' (v) to emphasise: Oj
mi r t 'Indeed, I saw a lot' (vi) to reach: Ow . . mi t or tbl 'My hands reach the
top of the table' (vii) worth: l ni k. k. y t? 'How much is this bicycle worth'
(viii) worthy: A.so. n to a.so. 'The cloth is worthy of its name' (ix) value: n
gl n t e. gb.rn nr 'He valued the gold at N1,000' (x) tune of: Fn t wn .
 n k san t e. gb. rn nr 'He was fined up to the tune of N1,000' (xi) satisfy: E.
ran n t mi 'The meat satisfied me' (xii) enough: w ib y t 'There is enough
paper here' (xiii) approximately: Il-w t mo ti l o. t ogn 'I have been to
approximately twenty schools' (xiv) adequate: w n . onj.e t w nl t 'There is
an adequate amount of food at home'.
t (i) to be in a line: Wn . t 'They are in a line' (ii) to arrange: t wn . 'He arranged
them' (iii) classify: to won . w n: gbogbo w Yorb w lk s. . . f gbogbo
w ynb s w n sl. 'He classified the books: all the Yorb books are on the
top shelf and all the English books on the bottom' (iv) file: Wn . t wo. in kls
'They filed into the classroom' (v) grade: A ti to won . e. yin y.en s or.sir.si wn.
'We have graded those eggs into several sizes' (vi) order: To w on . bb y.en 'Keep
those papers in order' (vii) set: To w on . bb ye. n lw . . w
. . 'Set the papers in
order'.
t . (i) to be durable: t . 'It is durable' (ii) to be straight: t . 'It is straight' (iii) to
provoke: t. mi 'He provoked me' (iv) to be correct: r . . t o so. t. 'What you
said is correct' (v) to take care of/to train: t . mi 'He took care of me' (vi) to
tease: t. mi 'He teased me' (vii) to ladle out (as of soup): t . ob. . 'He ladled
out some soup' (viii) to pick out leaves from vegetables one by one: t . . f. 'He
picked out leaves from the vegetables one by one' (ix) to touch lightly: t. mi
'He touched me lightly' (x) to be entitled to: t. s mi 'I am entitled to it' (xi)
trim: t. irun r. 'He trimmed his hair' (xii) right: n . t t. lti ko. l.t n y
'This is the right way to write a letter' (xiii) proper: O k w o. a.so. t t. fn rnrn
nn j 'You aren't wearing proper clothes for walking in the rain' (xiv) orderly:
Hw n n. t t. 'Behave in an orderly manner' (xv) fair: K t . k n mngr
mrn-n k m n m. ta 'It is not fair that he has five mangoes and I have three'
(xvi) direct: Mo so. n. t t. j lti d fin fn un 'I told him the most direct
way to get to the palace' (xv) bring: t. o. 'He brought her up'.
to. (i) to jump: to. 'He jumped' (ii) to afflict: y to. l e 'He is afflicted with trouble' (iii)
bounce: B. l
. n to. kr lra giri, s b m 'The ball bounced off the wall and
hit me' (iv) bound: won . eranko
. n n to. kiri or tt 'The animals were bounding
about the street'.
t. (i) to follow: to. n
. y 'He went by this road' (ii) to urinate: O t. 'He urinated'.
t (i) to untie: t u 'He untied it' (ii) to pour out: t omi s i 'He poured water into it'
(iii) to disclose: tu .sr mi 'He disclosed my secret' (iv) to leave (caused by
fear): Oj
. t 'Everybody left the market hurriedly' (v) to burst (as of a boil): Ewo
t 'The boil bursts' (vi) to be good to eat (as of yams): I.su y t 'This yam is not
hard' (vii) to remove (as of cooked yams from a pot): t i s. u lr in 'He
removed cooked yams from the pot' (viii) release: Wn . t u nn gbkn 'He was
released from captivity' (ix) unhook: t s. t r. 'He unhooked his shirt' (x) turn:
T aj n sl. 'Turn the dog loose' (xi) undone: Okn bt mi ti t 'My shoe-lace
has come undone' (xii) unfasten: t b . lt r . 'He unfastened his belt' (xiii)
unfold: t a.so. n 'He unfolded the cloth' (xiv) unscrew: T awgb n kr
lra giri 'Unscrew the mirror from the wall' (xv) untie: t e. r igi n 'He untied
the bunch of wood' (xvi) unwind: w n t lra b. l . n 'The thread unwind
 from the ball'.
tu (i) to hiss: Ej tu 'The snake hisses' (ii) to run: tu 'He ran off' (iii) to pull out: tu
korko 'He pulled out grass' (iv) to collect bit by bit: tu wn . jo. 'He collected
them bit by bit' (v) to spit out: Wn . tu it. 'They spit out saliva' (vi) weed: Wn . n
tu korko 'They were weeding the grass' (vii) hoe: Oknrin
. n n tu il. ibi t gbin
. w n s 'The man was hoeing the ground where he planted the beans'.
t (i) to propel: tu ok. . 'He propelled the boat' (ii) to calm down: t 'He comforted
him' (iii) to feel better: Ar t m 'I felt better' (iv) paddle: Tu ok
. . r.e 'Paddle your
canoe' (v) row: Wn . tu ok
. . 'They rowed a boat' (vi) soothe: Mo tu oknrin . n
ngb t n bn 'I soothed the man when he was angry'.
tn (i) again: tn un s. e 'He did it again' (ii) also: n gb b. l, . tn n lw.. 'He
plays footballs, he also swims'.

Uu
it/him/her: r 'He carried it'.
u it/him/her: d u 'He slaughtered it/him/her'.
used for emphasis: r 'He surely carried it'.
n it/him/her: dn n 'It pained it/him/her'.
un it/him/her: m un 'He took it/him/her'.
n used for emphasis: m un n 'He surely took it'.

Ww
w (i) to come: w 'He came' (ii) to look for: w a 'He looked for it' (iii) to tremble:
n w rr 'He is trembling' (iv) to prepare (as of food): n w onj e. 'He is
preparing food' (v) now/then: w y mi 'I now understand'; w j. p n b.
'Then it is that he is coming' (vi) dip: Ey.
. e n w (sl). s or ew 'The bird dipped
(down) to the surface of the leaf' (vii) drop: M w r o. b mo b n ti il-w b.
nl 'I am going to drop in to see you on my way home from school' (viii) hunt:
Mo w w mi nn kls 'I hunted for my book in the classroom' (ix) pay: w
r i 'He paid him a visit' (x) over: N k w 'Ask him over' (xi) present: Om . o.
knrin m.w pr l w 'There were only ten boys present' (xii) search: Mo w
gbogbo ibi fn w mi s. gbn . n k r i 'I searched everywhere for my book but I
could not find it' (xiii) seek: w dhn s won . br n 'He sought answers
to the questions' (xiv) spring: Il oba . ni ti w 'He is spring from royal family'
(xv) turn up: K w s ibi i.s. n n 'He didn't turn up for work today' (xvi) us:
n w 'He hit us' (xvii) want: Ol . p
. n w oknrin
. n 'The man was wanted by
the police'.
wa (i) us: r wa 'He saw us' (ii) our: A k w on . w n sn bg wa 'We put the
books in our bags'.
w (i) to exist: w 'It exists' (ii) to dig: wa il . 'He digs up some earth' (iii) to drive:
wa ok. . 'He drives a car' (iv) to take out of liquid: Mo wa r e. . s kr lr in 'I
took the cooked rice out of water and left it to drain' (v) to eat (as of cassava flour
 (gar) put in water): Mo wa gar 'I ate (drank) gar'(vi) stand: Il n w n or
k 'The house stands at the top of the hill' (vii) pedal: Om . oknrin
. n wa k. k. r.
lo. 'The boy pedalled away on his bicycle' (viii) navigate: Lke w p krukru
gba oj oj. ,
. wa ok . . furuf n gnl. 'In spite of the cloud, he navigated the
plane down onto the ground' (ix) locate: Il n w n oj . 'The house was located
in the market' (x) intend: w y w fn om . od. 'This book is intended for
children' (xi) is: w n oj. 'He is in the market' (xii) extract: A wa gl lti in
il. 'We extracted gold from the earth' (viii) available: I.su ma n w n o.s k.ejo. o.
dn 'Yams are available in August' (xiv) base: bdn ni w by 'He is now
based at Ibadan'.
w 'to coil something round another': w gl r. 'She wound her head-kerchief round
her head'.
w. (i) to be tiny: w. 'It s tiny' (ii) to pound into a preliminary lump: w. er 'He
pounded the beans into preliminary lumps' (iii) to be beautiful: lk . w. w m
'lk. is slender and beautiful and I like her' (iv) play with: w . p.l yw r.
'He played with his wife' (v) chat: Ad n w. s Ol 'Ad is chatting with Ol'.
w e. used with 'il . ' (the ground) when something unusual happens: Il . w e. 'Something
unusual happens'.
w. (i) to wash: w. 'He washed himself' (ii) to swim: m. n . w. 'He knows how to
swim' (iii) used for exclamation: mi w.! 'Is it really I!' (iv) bath: n w. fn om . o.
n 'She is giving the baby a bath' (v) bathing: n w.e om . o. n 'She is bathing the
baby'.
w (i) to say: K lo w? 'What do you say?' (ii) to contribute: w s 'He contributed to
an s (a daily, weekly or monthly contribution)' (iii) state: w p un ti ra w
n 'He stated that he had bought the book'.
w 'to sing (as of heating the goat-skin for loosening)': w 'He singed it'.
wn 'to borrow/lend': wn ow lw . . mi 'He borrowed money from me'; Mo wn in n
ow 'I lent him some money'.
w (i) to collapse: w 'It collapsed' (ii) to die: Erin w 'The Elephant died' (iii) pull:
Wn . wo il n 'They pulled down the house' (iv) flop: Mo w s or b. . d 'I
flopped onto the bed' (v) demolish: Wn . n w won . il n 'The houses are being
demolished' (vi) blow: Wn . w brj n 'They blew up the bridge' (vii) drip: Igi
n w 'The tree dripped'.
wo (i) to be stiff: wo 'It is stiff' (ii) to slumber: Ad k sn, k wo 'Ad neither slept
nor slumbered' (iii) stiffen: r. m eranko
. kker n wo ngb t r knn t n
b. 'The small animal stiffened with fear as it saw the lion coming'.
w (i) to look: w 'He looked at it' (ii) to be afraid: n wo hn wo hn . 'He is
looking here and there' (iii) to be silent: r. . r. di w m n w . 'He became silent
(iv) to examine: w w 'He examined it' (v) to take care of: w sn 'He
took care of him and healed him' (vi) to consult/to cast: wo If s rn . n 'He
consulted If on the matter/ wo i.s. fn mi 'He cast my horoscope for me' (vii) to
rear: wo om . o. r. dgb 'She rears her child until the child grows old' (viii) to
preserve: Ol. run
. wo om. o. n 'God preserves the child' (ix) watch: A wo t.elifsn
'We watched television' (x) see: Wo eni . t w l. n n. 'See who is at the door'
 (xi) observe: wo rw. 'He observed the sky' (xii) go through: Wo i.s. y 'Go
through this work' (xiii) glance: wo oj tt lti r i by w nb . 'He glanced
along the road to see if he was there' (xiv) examine: Mo wo kkr n k n l m o.
ohun t j. 'I examined the insect to see what it was' (xv) consult: ma n wo
w-atm-d. b r
. . kan k b y e 'He always consults a dictionary if he doesn't
understand a word' (xvi) check: M w by gbogbo l. kn ni wn . ti t 'I will
check if all the doors are locked'.
w. (i) to be crooked: w. 'It is crooked' (ii) to pull: w. o. 'He pulled him' (iii) to
crawl: w. s igb 'It crawled into the bush' (iv) to wade through: fe. s. w. omi
koj
. 'He waded through the stream' (v) to be many: r n w. nb. 'Many people
went there' (vi) to rub into (as of medicine): fi ogn w. o. 'He rubbed it with
some medicine' (vii) creep: Aj n w. s ab. tbl 'The dog crept under the table'
(viii) flow: w on . r w . w o. in il 'The crowd of people flowed into the
building; (ix) settle: Ott ti w. s i ly 'The cold has settled on his chest' (x)
wriggle: Ej n n w. lo. n or tt 'The snake wriggled along the road'.
w. (i) to be acceptable: w. fn mi 'It is acceptable to me' (ii) to enter: wo. il 'He
entered the house' (iii) to fall off: so y w. (sl.) 'The fruit fell off the tree' (iv)
to put on clothing: wo. . w r. 'He puts on his clothes' (v) to scoop out: Mo wo.
b.p.e 'I scooped out the pawpaw' (vi) to lodge: w. sl mi 'He lodged in my
house' (vii) to roost: Ady.e n w. 'The chickens went to roost' (viii) to set: Orn
ti w. 'The sun has set' (ix) to sell well: Aj wo. igb r. 'She sold well today' (x) to
penetrate: Oorun-n w. . lra 'He slept well' (xi) to be silent: w. sin 'He kept
quiet' (xii) to feel the weight (as of a load): Orn-n. w. . 'He felt the weight of
the load' (xiii) to have an opportunity: rbi b w. . 'He has got an opportunity
to succeed' (xiv) wear: w . mm r. ni w. 'She was wearing her mother's dress'
(xv) sink: Omi n wo. in il. 'The water sank into the ground' (xvi) pull: wo. s.
t r. tuntun 'He pulled on his new shirt' (xvii) pierce: tnsn in kan wo. in
knkn 'A ray of light pierced the darkness' (xviii) in: Sk. . t dd ni w. 'She
was in a black skirt' (xix) catch: Mo wo. ok . . oj irin lo. s .sogbo 'I caught the
train to O.sogbo' (xx) board: Wn . wo. takis 'They boarded a taxi'.
wn
. (i) they: Wn . lo. 'They went' (ii) to be scarce: wn . 'It is scarce' (iii) to take off: Mo
wn. a.so. kr lra mi 'I took off my clothes' (iv) to burst open: w n . ilkn
. 'He
burst the door open' (v) to sprinkle: wn . omi s il. 'He sprinkled water on the
ground' (vi) to catch: wn . b. l
. 'He catches the ball' (vii) to wean: Om . o. n ti
wn. 'The child has been weaned' (viii) to be expensive: w n . 'It is expensive'
(ix) to sprain: Es . . m wn . 'I sprained my leg' (x) them: n wn . 'He hit them'
(xi) cost: S. i.su wn. ju kk lo? . Do yams cost more than cocoyams?' (xii) costly:
ws y.en wn . j 'That book was too costly' (xiii) dear: Osn . wn. nb 'Oranges
are dear here' (xiv) smear: Wn . wn . s. okolt s om
. o. n lj 'They smeared the
child's face with chocolate' (xv) water: Wn . (omi s) ewko n 'Water the plant'.
won
. (i) to drizzle: n won . 'It is drizzling' (ii) them: r won . 'He saw them' (iii) they:
Won . k r mi 'They do not see me' (iv) their: Mo r w won . 'I saw their book'.
wn
. (i) to weigh: wn . n. 'He weighed it' (ii) to measure: wn . n
. 'He measured it'
(iii) gauge: won . iye epo petir t w nn k n 'He gauged the amount of
 petrol in the car'.
w (i) to dig: w il . 'He dug up the ground' (ii) to swell: Ara r . w 'His body is
swollen' (iii) to feel like shedding tears: Or r. w 'He feels like shedding tears'
(iv) to develop rapidly: w 'He developed rapidly (v) to cough: w ik. 'He
coughed' (vi) to pray: w re (wre) fn un 'He prayed for him' (vii) bulge: N n
kan t k sn bg r. j. k bg n w 'Her bag was bulging of things'.
wu to endanger: Ewu n wu 'He is being endangered'.
w (i) to please: w mi 'It pleases me' (ii) to rot: ti w 'It has rotted' (iii) to grow:
gbdo y ti w 'This maize has grown' (iv) appeal: w n wu om . o. il-w n
'The book appealed to the student' (v) attract: Om . oknrin
. n wu om. obnrin
. y
'The boy was attracted to this girl' (vi) charm: Om . obnrin
. n wu w on . om
. o.
knrin y.en 'The girl charmed those boys' (vii) decay: Igi ma n w t b tut
'Wood decays if it is wet' (viii) fascinate: l n w 'The town fascinates him'
(ix) germinate: Irgbn w. n w 'The bean seeds germinate' (x) germination:
Irgbn nl omi ltu w 'Seeds need water for germination' (xi) shoot: Igb dd
rs tn w l.yn t wn . ti g e 'Rose bushes shot again after being cut' (xii)
spring: Igb n w kkiri gbogbo ibi 'Weeds were springing up everywhere'.
wn 'please': wn m 'It pleases me'.
wun 'knit': Mm mi wun bs. . ml kan fn mi 'My mother knits me some socks'.

Yy
y (i) to be quick: y mi 'I was quick' (ii) to lend: y mi lw 'He lent me some
money' (iii) to borrow: Mo y ow lw . . r. 'I borrowed some money from him'
(iv) it is time: y k lo. 'It is time for us to go' (v) it is easy: I.s. y y s. e 'This
work is easy to do' (vi) to be exposed to heat: y in 'He is warming himself by
the fire' (vii) to court trouble: Ara ik n y a 'He is courting trouble that may put
an end to his life' (viii) to be well: Ara mi y 'I am well' (ix) to be happy: Ara r .
y gg 'He is extremely happy' (x) ready: y mi lti lo. 'I am ready to go' (xi)
spare: Y mi lw re. 'Spare me your money' (xii) rapid: n . t y j lti d oko
wa ni npa wwo. ok . . 'The most rapid way of getting to our village is by lorry'
(xiii) hire: y k kan 'He hired a car' (xiv) fast: Aago mi fi ogn s. . j y 'My
watch was 20 minutes fast' (xv) fit: L. yn sn t s. e , ara r . ti n y 'He is
feeling fit again after his illness'.
ya (i) to tear: ya w 'He tore the paper' (ii) to overflow: Odo n ya 'The stream
overflows' (iii) to avenge: ya or lra r . 'He returns evil for evil' (iv) claw:
Olgb n fi knn ya w n 'The cat clawed the paper' (v) crumble: Bb
omi ya s in od 'The river bank crumbled into the river' (vi) rip: .s ya s. t r.
'He ripped his shirt on a nail' (vii) shred: Aj n ya bb n 'The dog shredded
the piece of paper' (viii) flood: Od n kn s ya wo. or pp 'The river rose
and flooded the fields'.
y (i) to turn off: y s ap s 'He turned off to the left' (ii) to sketch: ya wrn 'He
drew a picture' (iii) to show the sign of one's quality: ya l . e. 'He is so lazy' (iv)
to comb: ya irun r. 'He combed his hair' (v) to overtake: y m 'He overtook
 me' (vi) to separate: Wn . ti y wn . 'They have separated them' (v) open: ya oj
r. 'He opened his eyes' (vi) snap: y m (n ft) . 'He snapped me' (vii) fork: Y
s ap s t o b ti koj. od 'Fork left after the river' (viii) draw: ya wrn 'He
drew a picture' (ix) branch: Ib ni n . n ti y 'The road branches off here' (x)
apart: Ya won . aj wny.
. en b b.. k, . won. y j 'Keep the dogs apart or else
they will fight'.
yn (i) to yawn: yn 'He yawned' (ii) to flick with: yn mi l p . 'He flicked me with
a stick' (iii) to wag: Aj n yn r 'The dog wags its tail' (iv) to be on
tenterhooks with eagerness: Oj mi yn 'I am on tenterhooks with eagerness' (v)
to bite (as of snake): Ej yn an 'A snake bit him' (vi) snap: Aj n yn an s. gb.
n k b je. 'The dog snapped at him but did not bite him' (vii) splash: Yn omi
sl. 'Splash water on the floor'.
yan (i) to roast: yan e. ran 'He roasted some meat' (ii) to swagger along slowly: n yan
'He is swaggering along slowly' (iii) berbecue: ti d in t t yan ewr. 'He
has made a fire fit to berbecue a goat' (iv) march: won . sj
. n n yan lr tt
'The soldiers are marching along the street'.
yn (i) to buy: yan . ko. 'He bought . ko. (pap)' (ii) to choose: yn m 'He chose me'
(iii) to be accepted: Ob yn 'The kolanuts have been accepted by the deity' (iv)
appoint: A gbd . . yan gbm. kan 'We must appoint a committee' (v) set: won .
w wo ni wn . ti yn fn il-w n? 'What books have been set for the school?'
(vi) shoot: yan bon . 'He shot the gun' (vii) select: Wn . yn m m. won . t n
gb b. l
. fn il-w n 'I was selected for the school football team' (viii) elect:
Wn . yan a.soj won . 'They elected their representative' (ix) decide: N k le yan y
t dra j nn a.so. m. t.. ta 'I could not decide which is the best of the three
dresses'.
y (i) to understand: y mi 'I understand it' (ii) to lay (eggs): Adye. n y e. yin 'The
hen lays eggs' (iii) to cease: y i.s. . s. e 'He stopped working' (iv) please: Y, b
mi s. e 'Please do it for me' (v) follow: Ohun t olk . n so. k y e 'He didn't
follow what the teacher was saying' (vi) grasp: Ohun t olk. so. fn mi k y mi 'I
could nkot grasp what the teacher taught me' (vii) make: Ohun t n so. k y mi 'I
can't make out what he is saying' (viii) see: Ohun t o n so. k y mi 'I don't see
what you mean'.
y 'survive': y 'He survived'.
y.e (i) befit: y.e . 'It befits him' (ii) right: n
. t y.e lti ko. l.t ny 'This is the right
way to write a letter' (iii) appropriate: Yan w t y.e fn kls re. 'Choose the
book that is appropriate for your class' (iv) fit: Onje. y k y.e m 'This food is not
fit for me' (v) ought: y.e k tj . won . om. o. r. 'He ought to take care of his
children' (vi) proper: O k wo. a.so. t y.e fn rnrn lr k 'You aren't wearing
proper clothes for walking on mountains' (vii) suppose: K ni y.e k o ma s. e
'What are you supposed to be doing?' (viii) w . . k y.e l.
. e d
. 'The lazy person is
not worhty of respect'.
y. (i) to avoid: y.e . sl. 'He avoided him' (ii) dodge: Ol ye. w t mo j l 'Ol
dodged the book that I threw at him'.
y.en 'that': y mi ni obnrin y.en 'That woman is my mother'.
y (i) to rotate: n y 'It rotates' (ii) to role: y 'It rolled' (iii) to turn: y s hn . 'It
turns in that direction' (iv) wind: y ow . . l.kn 'He wound the door handle' (v)
tune: Y rd re. s Rd gn 'Tune in (your redio) to Ogun Radio' (vi) tip:
Ngb t k n kolu . b. s. kan, (k n) y dn 'When the car hit a bus, it
tipped over' (vii) translate: y d Yorb s d G. . s 'He translated Yoruba
into English' (viii) this: Ohun t mo f. k o s. e n y 'This is what I want you to do'
(ix) spin: won . ty k n n y (po) 'The tyres of the car were spinning (round)'
(x) run: giri n y abl n po 'The wall runs round the village' (xi) revolve: E.
s. k n n y 'The car wheels revolve' (xii) roam: A y gboro k 'We roamed
around the town' (xiii) put: Y gblhn y s Yorb 'Put the sentence into
Yoruba'.
yi 'to be tough': yi 'It is tough'.
yn (i) to nibble: n yn onj.e je. 'He is nibbling the food' (ii) to tune: yn rd r. 'He
tuned his radio' (iii) you: r i yn 'He saw you' (iv) to gouge off: yn gbdo
'He gouged off the maize-grains from the cob one by one with the thumb' (v) to
curl: yn im s mi 'He curled his lips in disbelief at my statement'.
yin (i) to cut: fi b. . e yin eti tbl 'He cuts the edge of the table with a knife' (ii) to
interrogate: yin r . . gb. l.nu r. 'He interrogated him in order to hear the facts
from him' (iii) n yin n je. 'He is eating it in bits'.
yn (i) to praise: yin n 'He praised him' (ii) to shoot: yin bon . 'He shot the gun' (iii)
pique: yin ara r. fn s. .se nnkan lsk 'He piqued himself on being punctual'
(iv) compliment: yin S. ol . fn onj e. t s 'He compliment S. o. l on her
cooking'.
y (i) to become replete/to be drunk: Mo ti y 'My appetite is satisfied', ti y 'He is
drunk' (ii) satisfy: Onje. n y mi 'The food satisfies me' (iii) full: Mo y ngb t
mo j e. iyn n tn 'I felt full after eating the pounded yam' (iv) intoxicate: O.
knrin n ti y 'The man was intoxicated'.
y. (i) to act stealthily: n y. rn 'He walked furtively on tiptoe' (ii) to melt: y. 'It
melted' (iii) stealth: y. rere s. e 'He did good by stealth' (iv) dissolve: Sg ma n
y. nn t gbgbn 'Sugar dissolves in hot tea' (v) skid: K n y. lr adgn
epo 'The car skidded on a pool of oil' (vi) thaw: J. k onj.e t d y. k o t s
'Leave frozen food to thaw before cooking it' (vii) to be kindly disposed towards:
In r. y. s mi 'He is kindly disposed towards me'.
yo. (i) to appear/to become: yo. lkr 'He appears from afar', . . sn r. yo. 'He becomes a
laughing-stock' (ii) to pull out: y o. . sta 'He pulled it out' (iii) to sprout/to
protrude: I.su y ti yo. 'This yam has sprouted', Ikn r. yo. 'He is pot-bellied' (iv) to
escape: yo. kr lw . . ewu 'He escaped from danger' (v) to produce good cobs:
gbdo y yo. 'This maize produces very well' (vi) to be dismissed: Wn . yo. . n.s
. 'He was dismissed from work' (vii) to bring out: yo. igi 'He brought out a stick'
(viii) to appreciate: I.s. r. yo. His work is appreciated' (ix) to be fed up: r . . n yo.
n . m mi 'I am fed up with the matter' (x) rescue: A yo. om . oknrin
. t k s in
od 'We rescued the boy who fell into the river' (xi) hang: Ah n . aj ma n yo. jde
t b n sr gan-an 'A dog's tongue hangs out when it runs fast' (xii) wriggle:
yo. kr nn .sro n 'He wriggled out of the difficulty' (xiii) substract: Mo ti yo.
 arn-n fn won . r. . t o s. ko. 'I have subtracted five for your bad spelling' (xiv)
sprung: Nbo ni o ti dd yo? . 'Where have you spring from suddenly?' (xv) rise:
Orn yo. n aago mje 'The sun rose at seven o'clock' (xvi) exclude: A yo. Ay.
nn e. gb. wa ntor p kr j 'We excluded Ay. from our club because he was
too young' (xvii) eliminate: W n . ti y o. . nn er ss odn . y 'She has been
eliminated from this year's athletic race' (xviii) emerge: A n to. . b od lo. a s yo.
sn ogb
. il-w 'We went along the river and emerged in the school compound'
(xix) disconnect: Mo yo. way n lra te. lifsn 'I disconnect the wire from the
television' (xx) delete: Wn . ti yo. p . l
. op
. . r
. . 'Several words have been deleted'
(xxi) come off: Bt mi ti yo. 'My shoes have come off'.
y. (i) to jeer: Wn . y. . 'They jeered him' (ii) to be happy: Wn . n y. 'They are happy' (iii)
to slip: y. sub 'He slipped and fell' (iv) y. fn un 'He congratulated him' (v)
to gloat over one's misfortune: t . y. . 'The enemies gloat over his misfortune'
(vi) to be thick and sticky: G. m . n n y. 'The gum is thick and sticky' (vii) Enu .
r. y. 'He is very fluent' (viii) rejoice: W n . y. ngb t wn . j.e t.t. 'They rejoiced
when they won a lottery' (ix) glide: Ok . . n n y . l o. lr omi 'The boat glides
away on the river' (x) slippery: Il. n n y. 'The floor is slippery' (xi) strain: ti
yo. t n - k s ew t nn k. b . 'He has strained the tea - there are no tea
leaves in the cup'.
yn (i) to go: yn ib. l. . m.ta 'He went there thrice' (ii) to be pregnant: Obnrin y ti
yn 'This woman is pregnant' (iii) scratch: yn ibi t . f on . ti j e. . l . s . 'He
scratched the mosquito bite on his leg (iv) rub: yn ibi t . fon . ti j.e . 'He rubbed
the mosquito bite' (v) itch: Gbogbo al . ni et r. fi n yn un 'His ear itched all
night'.
yn (i) to saw: Wn . fi ayn yun pk 'They saw the plank with a saw' (ii) cut: Wn . fi b. . e
yun orn
. e. ran n 'They cut the animal's neck with a knife'.
English-Yorb
Aa

a: 'kan' I give him a book (Mo fn un n w kan).

able: 'le' You won't be able to understand it (K n l y o). .
about: (i) 'f.' I am about to become tired ( f. . r. m) (ii) 't' He is about my size ( t
mi).
absorb: (i) 'f' The cloth absorbed all the water in the bowl (A.so. n fa gbogbo omi in
ab. n) (ii) 'm' . I have not absorbed all their rules (N k t mo. gbogbo fin wo.
n).
abundant: 'p' . Maize was abundant last year (gbdo p. n odn . t koj).
.
abuse: 'b' He abused me ( b mi).
accede: 'gn' He acceded to the throne ( gun or t. ).
accept: (i) 'd' The sacrifice has been accepted ( Eb . o. n ti d) (ii) 'fn' The sacrifice
would be accepted by the deities (Eb . o. n fn) (iii) 'gb'
. He accepts what I say (
gb . r
. . mi) (iv) 'gb' He accepted the money ( gba ow n) (v) 'yn' The
kolanuts have been accepted by the diety (Ob n ti yn).
acceptable: 'w' . It is acceptable to me ( w. fn mi).
accommodate: 'gb' Our house can accommodate four people (Il wa l gba nyn m.
rin).
accompany: (i) 'sn' He accompanied him there ( sn n l o. s ib . ) (ii) 'b' He
accompanied Ol to the doctor ( b Ol lo. sd . . dkt).
accuse: 'm' He accused me of stealing ( m mi ll).
accurate: 'p' It is accurate ( p).
ache: (i) 'l'
. I have stomach-ache (In n l. mi) (ii) 'sn' I have a headache (Or n sn mi)
(iii) 'f'
. I have headache (Or n f. mi) (iv)'run' I am having stomach-ache (In n
run m).
achieve: 'gb' He achieved high marks in the examination ( gba mk t ga nn
dnw).
acknowledge: 'gb' Do you acknowledge that you are wrong? (S . o gb p o jbi?).
.
acquire: 'n' John acquired his knowledge of Yoruba by studying hard (J . n . n m.
Yorb npa kkw krakra).
act: 'd' He acted alone ( d a s. e).
add: 'r' He added three to four to make seven ( ro e. . ta m. e. . rin lti di eje).
adequate: 't' There is an adequate amount of food at home (wn . onj.e t w nl t).
address: 'p' We addressed our junior brother as Randa (Rnd ni a ma n pe br wa o.
knrin).
adjacent: 't' Our house is adjacent to his (Il w ti tir).
.
admit: 'gb' He admitted that he was lazy ( gb p un le. ).
adopt: 'gb' We adopted Ojo's plan (A gba b j).
advance: 'lo' . She has advanced in Arithmetic ( ti lo. nn .sir).
afflict: (i) 't o'
. He is afflicted with trouble (y t o. l e) (ii) 'j e' . He is afflicated with
suffering (y je. ). .
affect: 'kn' Those new rules will affect me (won . fin tuntun y.en y kn m).
afford: 'r' I can afford a car (Mo l ra k).
afraid: 'b' I was afraid (r . b m).
after: 'b' He was happy after he saw me (In r. dn b ti r mi).
again: 'tn' He did it again ( tn un s. e).
against: (i) 't' The chair is leaning against the wall (ga n fi ara ti giri) (ii) 'sn' He
flings him against the ground ( gb e snl) . (iii) 'mo'. He hit his head against the
wall ( le. or r. m. giri).
age: 'gb' He aged fast ( tt gb).
agree: 'gb' I agree with your proposed (Mo gba b t o d wol). .
aim: 'sn' He aimed at it ( sn n).
air: 's' He aired the mat to dry ( s en . n k l gbe. ).
alight: (i) 'j' The lamp is alight (tp n n j) (ii) 's' . I alighted from the train (Mo so.
lti in ok . . oj irin (iii) 'sun' He set the dry leaves alight ( sun won . ew gbgbe.
n).
allow: 'j.' I allowed him to go (Mo j. k lo). .
alone: 'd' The house stands alone (Il n d dr).
already: (i) 'ti' It was already raining (j ti n r); . He has seen teh books already then (
ti r w n r ngb n).
also: 'tn' He plays football, he also swims ( n gb b. l, . tn n lw.. ).
am: 'ni' I am a teacher (T.s ni m).
amount: (i) 'k' It amounted to four ( k s m. rin) (ii) 'j' They amount to the same
thing (Dd ni wn . j s) (iii) 't' It is three days (It has amounted to three days)
since you came ( t ij. m.ta t o ti w).
an: 'kan' I gave him an orange (MO fn un n osn . kan).
ancient: 'gb' He is holding an ancient-looking hat (Fl t ti gb ni m dn).
and: 's' He bought and ate it ( r , s je. . ).
angry: 'ru' He is angry (In r. n ru).
answer: 'j. ' He answered my call ( j. p mi).
anymore: 'm' . He won't come to school anymore (K n w s il-w m). .
apart: 'y' Keep the dogs apart or else they will fight (Ya w on . aj wny.
. en b b.. k,
. wo.
n y j).
apologize: 'b. ' You have offended Ol. Apologize to him (O ti s. e. Ol. B. . ).
apparent: 'hn' It was apparent that he knew nothing about the case ( hn p k mo. nn
kan kan npa r . . n).
appeal: 'w' The book appealed to the student (w n wu om . o. il-w n).
appeased: 'r' . His anger has been appeased (In r. ti r). .
appear: (i) 'yo' . He appeared from afar ( yo. lkr) (ii) 'ta' The sun appears (Orn ta)
apply: (i) 'kn; He powdered his face ( kun tk) (ii) 's' He applied all his strength to
do it and he did it ( sa gbogbo agbra r. lti s. , s s. e ) (iii) The doctor applied
some medicine on the cut (Dkt n fi ogn s egb r. ).
appoint: 'yn' We must appoint a committee (A gbd . . yan gbm. kan).
appreciate: (i) 'm' . He appreciates that he is an elderly person ( mo ara r. lgb) (ii)'yo' .
His work is appreciated (I.s. r. yo)..
approach: 'b' . The enemies ran away at our approach (won . t. s lo. b a ti n b).
.
appropriate: (i) 'y.e' Choose the book taht is appropriate for your class (Yan w t ye.
fn kls r.e (ii) 't'
. Buy the desk that is appropriate for your class (Ra d. sk t
t. fn kls re. ).
approximately: 't' I have been to approximately twenty schools (Il-w t mo ti lo. t
ogn).
are: (i) 'j' . Ol and Ad are Dada's senior brothers (Ol ti Ad j . . gbn . Dda oknrin)
.
(ii) 'ni' j and k . . are Dl's senior brothers (j ti k . . ni gb
. n . Dl o.
knrin); who are you? (Ta ni . ?).
arise: 'j' I arose in the morning (MO j n r). .
around: 'k' They walked around for one hour (Wn . rn k fn wkt kan).
arrange: (i) 'l' He arranged the yams in piles ( l i s. u) (ii) 't' He arranged them ( t
wn).
.
arrest: 'm' The police arrested the robber (Ol . p
. m ol n).
arrive: 'd' He has arrived ( ti d).
as: 'b' Do as I say (Se . b mo ti w).
ascend: (i) 'je. ' He ascended the throne ( je. oba) . (ii) 'gn' He ascends the mountain (
gun k).
ask: (i) 'bi' He asked him questions ( bi n br) (ii) He asked me for help ( b . m
fn rnlw . ).
.
asleep: 'sn' He is asleep ( ti sn).
assemble: 'p' They assembled (Wn . p).
assume: 'r' I assumed you always woke up at the same time everyday (Mo r p sk
kan n lo ma n j ljoojm). .
at: (i) 'n' He is at home ( wa n il) (ii) 's' He left the shoe at the market ( fi bt n
s oj)
. (iii) 'fi' We laughed at the boy (A fi om . oknrin
. n r. rn-n).
ate: 'je. ' We ate our breakfast (A j.e onj.e r. wa).
attend: (i) 'gb' . Attend to your affair (Gb. ti ara re. ) (ii) 'lo'
. I attend his birthday party
(Mo lo. s ibi ry oj . -b
. r.).
attract: 'w' The boy was attracted to this girl (Om . oknrin
. n wu om . obnrin
. y).
augment: 'n' He augmented his teaching job with trading ( fi i.s. oj . tt n i.s. t.s).
available: 'w' Yams are available in August (I.su ma n w n o.s k.jo. odn). .
await: 'd' He sat waiting for me ( jok d m).
awake: 'j' The baby is no more sleeping. He is awake (Om . o. n k sn m. . ti j).
awaken: 'j' I awaken every morning at 8 o'clock (Mo ma n j n aago m. jo. lrr). .
aware: 'm' . O was not aware that it was raining (N k m. p j n r). .
away: 'n' Don't throw away your book (M ju w re. n).

Bb

back: 'd' My father is back home (Bb mi ti d s il).

bandage: 'di' The doctor bandaged Olu's cut hand (Dkt di ow
. . t Ol fi pa).
bandy-legged: 'k. ' He is bandy-legged (Itan r. k.).
bar: (i) 's' She barred the door ( s l kn) . (ii) 'd' They barred the way to the school
(Wn . d n. t lo. s il-w n).
bargain: 'n' He bargained for the good ( n oj . n).
bark: 'gb' The dog barked (Aj n gb).
base: (i) 'w' He is now based at Ibadan (bdn ni w by) (ii) 'gb' Base your
opinion on facts (Gb r re. ka or tt). .
bath: 'w.' She is giving the baby a bath ( n w. fn om . o. n).
bathe: 'f' . Bathe your wound before you tie it up (Fo. egb r.e k o t d ).
bathing: 'w' . She is bathing the baby ( n w.e om . o. n).
battle: 'j' They battled for an hour (Wn . j fn wkt kan).
beam: 'rn' The sun beamed through the cloud (Orn rn gba in krukru koj). .
bear: (i) 'gb' That small horse cannot bear your weight (E. . sin kker y.en k l gb o.
(ntor p o ti tbi j)) (ii) 'b' The woman has borne ten children (Obnrin ye. n ti b
om
. o. m.w).
beat: (i) 'pa' The rain was beating him (j n pa ) (ii) 'gbn' . He beats a red-hot cutlass
with a hammer so as to reshape it ( gbon . d) (iii) 'b' . He beats the earth-floor
( bl. . ) (iv) 'l' His heart is beating (Okn
. r. n l (v) 'p' She beats eggs in milk
( po e. yin nn mlk (vi) 'n' We beat them in football (A n w n . nn er b. .
l).
beating: 'n' He was given a beating (Wn . n n).
beckon: 'j' He beckoned his hand to me ( ju ow . . s mi).
become: (i) m' . To work hard does not mean that the worker will be rich (Gdgd k m .
l) (ii) 'd' It becomes dry ( di gbgbe. ) (iv) 'd' What has he become? (K l d?)
befall: 'b' Misfortune befell them (Ibi b won). .
barbecue: 'yan' You've made a fire fit to barbecue a goat (O ti d in t ti yan ewr. ).
befit: 'y.e' It befits him ( ye. . ).
beg: 'b;. He begged me ( b. m).
begin: '.s' He began war ( s. gun).
behalf: 'fn' I paid the money of your behalf (Mo san ow n fn o). .
bellow: 'k' He bellowed like a bull ( k b ako. ml).
bend: (i) 'l' It bends to the right ( l s ap tn) . (ii)'t. ' He bent it ( t. . ).
beside: 't' Si beside me (Jk t m).
bet: 'k'
. They bet (Wn . k. o).
.
betray: 'd' He betrayed me ( d m).
better: (i) 'j. ' You better not go ( j. m lo) . (ii) 't' I felt better (Ara t m).
bind: (i) 'd' They bind the thief with a rope (Wn . fi okn de ol n (ii) 'd' Let me bind
the cut on your leg (J. k n b o. di egb e. s. r.e) (iii) 'rn' The book has ben well
bound (Wn . rn w n dada).
birth: 'b' She gave birth to a baby ( bmo). .
bite: (i) 'yn' A snake bit him (Ej yn an) (ii) 'j' He bit off some meat ( j e. ran) (iii) '.s
n' He was bitten by the snake (Ej sn an) (iv) 'je. ' the mosquito bit me (f . on
. je.
m) (v) 'ta' The insect bit me (Kkr ta m).
blacken: 'd' He blackened his hands with dye ( fi ar d ow . . r.).
blameless: 'm' . He is blameless (Ara r. m). .
blaze: 'j' The fire was blazing beneath the pot (In n n j n ab. kk).
bleach: 'b' The woman bleached the clothes when she washed them (Obnrin n b
won. a.so. n ngb t f. wn). .
bleat: 'k' The goats bleat (won . ewr. n k).
blind: 'f'
. He is blind in one eye ( f. n oj kan).
block: (i) 's' They blocked the window (Won . s frs n) (ii) 'd' He blocked the hole
( d ih).
blow: (i) 'fn' He blew the fire to make it burn up ( fn in) (ii) 'k' The dust is blowing
about (Eruku n k kiri) (iii) 'fon' . He blew the whistle ( fon . fr) (iv) 'f. ' The
wind blew yesterday (Aff. . f. n n) (v) 'p'. He blew up the tyre of his bicycle
( p. ty k. k. r.) (vi) They blew up the bridge (Wn . wo brj n).
board: (i) 'w' . They boarded a taxi (Wn . wo. takis (ii) 'gb' They are boarding with her
(Wn . n gb p. l ).
.
boast: 'fn'
. He is boasting ( n fn . e. nu).
boil: (i) 'h'' The water is boiling (Omi n h) (ii) 'ru' The water is boiling (Omi n n ru)
(iii) 's' Boil the yam (Se i.su n) (iv) 'b' . Boil the meat (Bo. e. ran n).
border: 'kn' Nigeria borders on more than two other countries (Aw on . il . t kan
Njr ju mj mrn lo) .
bore: 's' I am bored ( s mi).
born: 'b' Ol was born last year (Odn . t koj
. ni wn . b Ol).
borne: 'b' She has borne six children ( ti b om . o. m.f).
borrow: (i) 'k' He borrowed money ( k ow) (ii)'wn' He borrowed money from me
( wn ow lw . . mi) (iii) 'y' I borrowed some money from him (Mo y ow l .
w. r.).
bounce: 'to'. The ball bounced off the wall and hit me (B. l . n to. kr lra giri, s
b m).
bound: (i) 'lo' . The car is bound for If. (If. ni mt . n n lo. (ii) 'to' . The animals were
bounding about the street (won . eranko
. n n to. kiri or tt).
box: 'gb' He boxed my ears ( gb mi lt).
braid: 'di' She braids her hair ( di irun r. ).
branch: 'y' The road branches off here (Ib ni n . n ti y).
brand: 'j' He branded his cows with a hot iron ( fi irin j ml r. ).
break: (i) 'j' The goat broke free (Ewr. n j okn) (ii)'.s. ' A fire broke out (In s. . )
(iii) '.s. ' He broke the stick ( s. . igi n) (iv) 's' He broke wind ( s) (v) 'b' He
broke off a bit of the loaf of bread ( bu brd . d.) (vi) 'm' . It is day break (Oj
ti m). (vii) 'l' He broke it into two ( l s mj) (viii) 'r' He broke the law (
r fin) (ix) 'f' . The stone broke the window (kta n f. frs n) (x) 'so' . A
loud noise broke out (Ariwo nl so). .
breathe: 'm' He is breathing ( n m).
breed: 'sin' They bred goat (Wn . n sin ewr.).
brew: (i) 'pon'
. He brewed beer ( pon . ot)
. (ii) 'p' He brewed tea ( po t).
bright: (i) 'be' . It is bright ( be. ) (ii) 'rn' The sun was bright (orn rn) (iii) 'tn' She
wore a bright dress ( wo. a.so. t tn).
bring: (i) 'k' He brought in the washing ( ka a.so. wol) . (ii) 'yo' . He brought out a stick
( yo. igi) (iii) 't'
. He bought her up ( t. o)..
broad: 'f' . He has a broad shoulder (jk r. f.).
broken: 'f' . You have to pay for the broken window (O gbd . . sanw frs t f)..
bruise: 'b' She bruised her body ( fi ara b).
brush: 'gbn' . Brush these clothes for me (Gbon . w
. y fn mi).
bubble: 'h' The soap bubbles (O. . se. n n h).
budge: 't' I can't budge this rock (N k l ti kta y).
build: (i) 'mo' . He built a house ( mo. il) (ii) 'k'. He built a house ( k. il) (iii) '.se' He
built a model house wood ( fi igi s. e il wk. . se).
bulge: 'w' her bag was bulging of things (Nnkan t k sn bg r. j. k bg y w).
bunch: 'jo' . We came to school in a bunch (A jo. w s il-w ni).
bundle: 'd' Don't bundle up the cloths like that (M di won . a.so. y.en b. y.en).
burn (i) 'j' The fire is burning (In n n j) (ii) 'kun' He burns the bush ( kun igb)
(iii) 'sun' He burnt it ( sun n).
burst: (i) 'b. ' It bursts ( b. p.)
. (ii) 'wn'
. He burst the door open ( wn . l.kn n)
(iii) 't' The boil burst (Ewo n t).
bury: 'sin' He was buried (Won . sin n).
buy: (i) 'm' How much did you buy this cloth? (l ni e. m a.so. y) (ii) '.s' He bought
pounded yam ( s. yn) (iii) 'yn' He bought . k. (pap) ( yan . ko) . (iv) 'b. ' He
bought a little quantity of tobacco ( b. tb) (v) 'r' He bought it ( r ).
buzz: 'kn' The insects were buzzing around the room (won . kkr n n kn y yr
n po).
by: (i) 't' Sit by me (Jk t m) (ii) 'gb' He came in by the door ( gba e. nu n . wol).
.
Cc
cackle: 'gb. ' The hen cackled (Ady.e n gb. ).
calculate: '.s' He calculated the money ( s. ow n).
call: (i) 'k' He called at me/He called on me ( k s mi) (ii) 'p' They called him (Wn .
p ) (iii) 's' They use his nickname(s) to call him (Won . n s ).
can: 'l' I can do it (Mo l s. e ).
cane: 'n' The boy was caned for coming late to schoool (Wn . na om. o. n tor p p. d
il-w).
capable: 'l' He is capable of doing well in the examination ( l s. e dada nn dnw
n).
capture: (i) 'k' He captured slaves ( k er) . (ii) 'gb' They captured their town (Wn .
gba l won). .
card: 'gbn'. He carded cotton ( gbon . w)
care: (i) 'w' He took care of him and healed him ( w sn) (ii) 't' . He took care of me
( t. mi).
carry: (i) 'gb' He carried the load ( gb e. r n) (ii) 'r' He carried a load ( ru e. r)
(iii)'.s. ' He carried the load on his head ( fi or s. e. e. r n) (iv) '.se' I have carried
out all my plans (Mo ti s. e gbogbo ohun t mo pa lr).
cause: 'm' He cause my coming home ( m mi wl).
carve: (i) 'kun' He carved up the carcass of the animal ( kun e. ran n) (ii) 'gb. ' He
carved the tray ( gb. op . n
. n).
cast: (i) 'j' The fisherman casts his net into the river (Ape. ja n ju w. r. s in omi) (ii)
'w' He cast my horoscope for me ( wo b oj . . iwj y s. e r fn mi).
catch: (i) 'hn' He caught the money she threw to him ( hn ow t j s i) (ii) 'w n' .
He caught the ball ( wn . b. l)
. (iii)'t.' He has been caught (Ow . . ti t. . ) (iv) 'w.
' I caught the train to O.sogbo (Mo wo. ok . . oj irin lo. s .sogbo) (v) 'r' I caught
sight of the ball on the tree (Mo r b. l . n lr igi) (vi) 'b' I caught up with him
at If.e (Mo b a n If. ).
cause: (i) 'f' This is what caused it (y l f ) (ii) 'f' The rain caused the flood (j
n ni fa omyal).
cave: 'ri' The ground caves in (Il. n ri).
cease: (i) 'd' The rain has ceased (j ti d) (ii) 'y' He stopped working ( y i.s. . s. e).
certain: (i) 'm' . I am certain he told me to come (Mo m. ( d mi lj) p n k n w)
(ii) 'kan' People who smoke cannot travel in certain trains (won . t n mu sg k
l wo. won . ok. . oj irin kan).
change: 'b' The cloth always changes its colour(s) (A.so. n n b)
channel: 'd' They channelelled all his money into their business (Wn . da gbogbo ow r.
s or w won). .
chant: 'gb' He chanted a prayer ( gba dr).
charm: 'w' The girl charmed those boys (Om . obnrin
. n wu won . om. oknrin
. y.en).
chase: 'l' Ol chased the chickens (Ol l won . adye. n).
chat: 'w.' Ade is chatting with Ol (Ad n w. s Ol)
cheap: 'p' . yams are cheap in the market (I.s p. lj) .
cheaper: 'p' . A bicycle is cheaper than a car (K. k. p. ju k lo). .
check: 'w' I will check if all the doors are locked (M w by gbogbo l kn . ni wn .
ti t).
chew: (i) 'rn' He is chewing a chewing stick ( n run pk) (ii) 'rn' He chewed kolanut
( rn ob) (iii) 'j. ' chew the meat well (in the mouth) before you swallow it (Je. e.
ran y.en dada (l.nu) k o t gb e m).
chime: 'l' The clock chimed three o'clock (Agogo n lu agogo m. ta).
chip: 'b' These glasses chip easily (won . gls y tt n b).
chisel: 'gb'. The man chiselled a bowl from a piece of wood (Oknrin . n fi igi gb. ab). .
choose: 'yn' He chose me ( yn m)
claim: 'n' He claimed to have killed a lion ( n un pa knn).
classify: 't' He classified the books: all the Yoruba books are on the top shelf and all the
English books on the bottom ( to won . w n: gbogbo w Yorb w lk s. . .
f, gbogbo w ynb s w n sl.).
claw: 'ya' The cat clawed the paper (Olgb n ya w n).
clean: (i) 'm' . It is clean ( m) . (ii) 'n' He cleaned the wall ( nu ara giri).
clear: (i) 'f' The ground is clear (Il. ti f) (ii) 'hn' It is clear that he doesn't like you (
hn p k f. rn r.e) (iii) 'ha' He cleared his throat ( h fun) . (iv) 'j' He cleared
the bush ( ju igb) (v) 'k' They have cleared the books away (Wn . ti k won .
w n lo) . (vi) 'gb. ' He cleared his throat ( gb. ik) . (vii) 'f' He cleared six feet
 ( fo e. s. bt m.f).
climb: (i) 'gn' He climbed the tree ( gun igi) (ii) 'pn' . He climbed the tree ( pn . igi)
chip: 'so' The papers were clipped together with a clip (Wn . fi klp so won . w n
p).
.
close: (i) 'r' The trap closed (Tkt n r) (ii) 't' she closed the door ( ti il.kn).
coach: 'k' . He coaches the school football team (un ni n l. wOm . t n gba b. l.
fn il-w n).
cock: 'k.' He cocked his gun ( k. bon . r.)
coil: (i) 'd' He coiled up ropes ( da okn) (ii) 'k' They coil the ropes (W n . k okn
n).
collapse: 'w' It collapsed ( w).
collect: (i) 'k' He collected his luggage ( k e. r r.) (ii) 'fn' . He took burning wood out
of fire so as to ignite another fire ( fon . in) (iii) 'gb' He collected rain water (
gbe omi j) (iv) 'tu' He collected them bit by bit ( tu wn . jo)
. (v) 'p' A crowd of
people had collected to watch the play (won . r ti p lti wo er n).
comb: 'y' He combed his hair ( ya irun r. ).
come: (i) 'w' Come here (W nb) (ii) 'b' . My father is coming (Bb mi n b) . (iii) 'yo'
.
My shoes have come off (Bt mi ti yo) . (iv) 'r' We came across a snake (A r ej)
(v) 'k' We came up against each other on the way to the school (A ko ara wa l n .
il-2w) (vi) 'so'. A new idea came to my mind (r tuntun so. s mi lkn). .
comment: 'so' . He commented on the bad books ( so. npa won . w t k dra n).
commit: '.s. ' He commits an offence ( s. e. . s. . ).
common: 'p' . Palm trees are common in Nigeria (p. . p. n Njr).
compete: 'd' They compete for the post (Wn . du ip n)
complete: 'j o' . The year is completed joyfully ( Odn . jo)
. (ii) 'kn' This completes my
happiness (Ely l j. k ay. m kn) (iii) 'p' It is complete ( p).
complicate: 'le' Multiplying 005 by 500 is very complicated (Ffi 005 so. 500 di pp. le
pp)..
compliment: 'yn' He compliment S. ol . on her cooking ( yin S. ol . fn onje. t s).
compose: 'ko' . Musa composes songs in books every night (Musa ma n ko. orn s in w
llaal. ).

concern: 'kn' That letter concerns you. Read it (L. t y.en kn .. K ).

conclude: 'gb' When I had heard his story, I concluded that he had told me the truth
(Ngb t mo ti gb. tn t so,
. mo gb p tt. ni so. fn mi).
condense: 'd' The steam from the boiling water condensed on the glass and ran down as
drops of water (Ooru omi gbgbn n d n ara gls s n kn sl. b omi).
conduct: 'f' They conducted my bride to my house (Wn . fa yw mi fn mi).
confess: 'k' The witch confessed her nefarious deed as a witch (Aj. n k).
congratulate: 'y'. He congratulated him ( y. fn un).
conscious: 'm'. I was conscious that he was looking at me (Mo m. p n w m).
consent: 'gb' I asked my father if I could go out, and he consented (Mo bi bb mi b mo
l jde, s gb).
consider: 'r' I consider that he is a thief (Mo r p ol ni).
construct: (i) 'k' . I constructed a house (Mo k. il) (ii) 'hun' I construct a sentence with a
noun phraase and a verb phrase (Mo fi pl-orko. ti pl-.se hun gblhn).
consult: (i) 'w' He consulted If on the matter ( wo If s rn . n) (ii) 'w' He always
consults a dictionary if he does't understand a word ( ma n wo w-atm-d .
b . r. kan k b y e).
consume: (i) 'l' the car consumes a lot of petrol (K n ma n lo epo pp) . (ii) 'j.e' You
must not consume food on the street (O k gbd . . j.e onje. lr tt).
contact: (i) 'k' He contacted gonorrhea ( k ts) . (ii) 'ko' . She made contact with me
( ko. s mi).
continue: 'lo' . They continue reading (Wn . n kw lo). .
contribute: (i) 'd' I contributed money (Mo d ow) (ii) 'w' He contributed to an s
(daily, weekly or monthly contribution) ( w s).
cook: (i) 'b' . The meat is half-cooked (Eran. n ti b)
. (ii) 'bu' He cooked yams in embers
( bu i.su nn in) (iii) 's' He cooked okro soup ( se ob . . il).
copulate: 'gn' He copulated with his wife ( gun obnrin r.).
correct: 't' . What you said is correct (r . . t so. t).
.
cost: (i) 'wn'. Do yams cost more than cocoyams? (S . i.su wn . ja kk lo?).
.
costly: 'wn'. That book was too costly (w y.en wn . j).
could: 'l' We could play there yesterday but today, we can't because it is raining (A l s.
er nb. ln s. gbn. n n, a k l s. er nb. ntor p j n r). .
count: 'k' He counted his oranges ( ka osn . r.)
cover: (i) 'b' He covered the plate ( bo ab. n) (ii) 'd' He covered the pot ( d ape.
n).
crack: (i) 'sn' He cracked nuts ( sn kr) . (ii) 'sn' The wall cracked (Ogiri n sn)
(iii) 'b' The pot cracked (kk n b n d) (iv) 'b . ' The bitter-cola cracked
when it was eaten (Orgb n b) . (v) 'l' The tea-cup is cracked (K. b . t n
l) (vi) 'f'. He cracked the coconut shell ( f. gbon). .
crash: 'f'. The pot crashed to the floor (kk n f. ml . . ).
crawl: (i) 'f' The baby is crawling (Om . o. n n f) (ii) 'rn' The snail crawled (gbn n
rn) (iii) 'w' . It crawled into the bush ( w. s in igb) (iv) 'r' He crawled (
r).
creak: 'r'. This chair is creaking (Aga y n r. k.k). .
creap: (i) 'w' . The dog crept under the table (Aj n w. s ab. tbl) (ii) 'f' They crept
through the forest (Wn . f koj
. in igb).
create: 'd' God created human beings (Ol . run
. d nyn).
croak: 'k' The bird croaked loudly (Ey. . e n k sk).
crook: (i) 'gbun' He has a crooked leg (Es. . r. gbun) (ii) 'w' . It has a crooked leg (Es. . r.
w)..
crouch: 'k' He was crouching by the fire ( k s d in/ k ti in).
crow: 'ko'. The cock crowed (kko. ko). .
crowd: 'kn' The children crowded the doorway (won . om. od . kn oj n);. The market
is much too crowded (Oj . n ti kn j).
cruel: 'le' That man is cruel (Oknrin
. y.en le).
crumble: (i) 'rn' He crumbled the cake for the chicken ( rn kr n fn ady.e) (ii)
 'ya' The river bank crumbled into the river (Bb omi ya s in od).
crush: (i) 'fn' She crushed the orange so she could drink the juice ( fn osn . n k
ba l mu omi in r. ) (ii) 'rn' His dresses were badly crushed (won . a.so. r. rn
gan-an ni).
cry: 'k' She started to cry ( b. r. s k).
cultivate: 'gbn' The farmer cultivated maize (gb. n gbin gbdo).
cure: 'rn' He cured leather ( rn awo). .
curl: (i) 'k' He curled himself up ( k rgd) (ii) 'yn' He curled his lips in disbelief at
my statement ( ynm s mi).
curve: 'gbun' The line is curve (l n gbun)
cut: (i) 'b. ' He cut his head off ( b. e. n or) (ii) b' He cut his finger ( fi ow. b) (iii)
'fn' He cut patterns on the calabash ( fin igb) (iv) 'gn' He cut off his head (
gn an lr) (v) 'g' He cut the meat ( g eran) . (vi) 'g.' He cut his hair ( g.e irun
r.) (vii) 'j' He cut the bush ( ju igb) (viii) 'ko' . He cut palm nut ( ko. p . e)
. (ix)
'pa' They cut the forest (Wn . pa gb. ) (x) 'pa' He cut open the kolanut ( pa ob)
(xi) 'r.' He cut the meat (Wn . r. e. ran) (xii) 'ro' He cut the bush in the front of his
house ( ro oko iwj il r. ) (xiii) '.sn' I cut the bush (Mo sn igb) (xiv) 'yin' He
cut the edge of the table with a knife ( fi ob . e. yin et tbl) (xv) 'yn' They cut
the animal's neck with a knife (Wn . fi b.
. e yun orn
. e. ran n).

Dd
damage: 'mu' The white ants have damaged the tree (Ikn ti mu igi n)
dance: (i) 'j' He danced ( j) (ii) 'ran' He is dancing well in the gathering ( n ran lj
agbo)
dangle: 'fi' He is dangling and oscillating to and fro ( n fi dirodiro).
dare: 'j'
. I dare not beat him (N k j. n n)
dark: (i) '.s' It has become dark (Il. ti s. ) (ii) 'l.' It is dark (Al. l. ) (iii) 'ru' It is dark (r
ru).
dart: 'ta' He darted forward ( ta kr)
dawn: 'l' The day dawned (Oj . . l).
dead: 'k' The cat was dead (Olgb n k).
deal: (i) '.se' I can't deal with all this work (N k l s. e gbogbo i.s. y) (ii) 't/r' He deals
in bicycles ( n ta k.k. tb n ra k. k.).
dear: 'wn'
. Oranges are dear here (Osn . wn. nb).
decay: (i) 'k. ' The meat has decayed (Eran . n ti k. ) (ii) 'r' His teeth had decayed (Eyn
r. ti r) (iii) 'w' wood decays if it is wet (Igi ma n w t b tut).
deceive: 'tn' He deceived me ( tn m).
decide: 'yn' I could not decide which is the best of the three dresses (N k l yan y t
dra j nn a.so. m.t.. ta).
decline: (i) 'k'. He asked me to his house but I had to decline as I was busy ( n k n w
s il un s. gb n . mo k . ntor p i s. . p . l w
. . mi) (ii) 'dn' There had been a
decline in the number of students here (Iye om . o. il-w t w nb ti dn).
deep: (i) 'jn' The hole is deep (Ih n jn) (ii) 'f' . He has a deep voice (Ohn r. f.).
define: 'k' The dictionary defines words (w-atm-d . ma n ki r. ).
.
definitely: '.s' . He will definitely come (Y w s. . )
delete: 'yo' . Several words have been deleted (Wn . ti yo. p . l
. op
. . r
. ).
.
delicious: 'dn' This soup is delicious (Ob. . y dn).
demand: 'sn' He demanded for his money from him ( sn n lw).
demolish: 'w' The houses are being demolished (Wn . n w won . il n).
dense: 'h' It is densely crowded ( h gg).
deny: (i) 'd' He denied me of my post ( fi ip mi d m) (ii) '.s' . He denied me in the
presence of everybody ( s. mi lj gbogbo ay).
dent: 't. ' This tin-bowl has been dented (Ab. y ti t. ).
depart: 'lo' . They departed from If. (Wn . lo. s If. ).
descend: 'so' . They descended to the tree (Wn . s. s or igi).
deserve: 't' . Robbers desesrved to be purnished (y t. s ol).
desire: 'f.' He desired money ( f. ow).
desolate: 'kan' Their house is desolate (Il wn . kan gbnrn)
despise: (i) 'gn' He despised him ( gn n) (ii) 'h' . He despised me ( d h. mi) (iii)
'h.' He despised me ( s. e h. mi).
destroy: 'run' He destroyed the town ( run l n).
develop: 'w' He developed rapidly ( w).
dictate: 'p' The teacher dictated some words for the students to write (T.s n pe won .
r
. . kan fn won . ak.k. . lti ko).
.
did: (i) '.se' I did my work (Mo s. e i.s. mi) (ii) '.s' Did you go there? (S . o lo. sb.?).
die: (i) 'k' He died ( k) (ii) 'w' The elephant died (Ern w)
difficult: (i) 'ro' . He took a difficult road (n . t ro. l gb) (ii) 'le' This task is difficult
(I.s. y le) (iii) 'ro' Today is difficult for Ola. (n ro fn Ola) .
dig: (i) 'gb. ' He dug the ground ( gb. il.) (ii) 'w' He dug up some earth ( wa il. ) (iii)
'w' He dug up the ground ( w il. ) (iv) 'h' He dug up yams ( h i.su) (v) 'so' .
He dug the ground ( so. il)
digest: 'd' My food has disgested (Onje. mi ti d)
dilute: 'l' He diluted it with water ( bu omi l )
dip: (i) 'b' He dipped water out of the pot ( bu omi nn kk) (ii) 'rn' I dipped a
morsel of food in soup (Mo run ob . . ) (iv) 'w' The bird dipped (down) to the
surface of the leaf (Ey. . e n w (sl.) s or ew n).
disgrace: 't. ' Don't disgrace our family (M t. e. b wa).
direct: (i) 't' . I told him the most direct way to get to the palace (Mo so. n . t t. j lti
d fin fn un) (ii) 'ko' . We directed our steps towards home' (A ko. oj s n . il).

dirty: 'pn'
. The cloth is dirty (A.so. n pn)
.
disclose: 't' He disclosed my secret ( t .sr mi)
discolour: 's' The clothes have been discoloured (w. a.so. n ti s).
disconnect: 'yo'. I disconnect the wire from the television (Mo yo. wy n lra t.elifsn).
discount: 'dn' We shall give you a discount of ten naira (A dn o. n nr m. w).
discover: 'r' Did you discovered your book? (S . o r w r.e?).
disinterested: 'd' He is no more interested in the matter ( d gbnk
. s r
. . n).
dismissed: 'yo' . He was dismissed from work (Wn . yo. . n.s. ).
disobey: 'k' . Her mother told her to go to bed, bu she disobyed and went to watch the
game (y r. n k lo. sn s. gbn . k. s lo. n wo er)
dismount: 's' . He dismounted from his bicycle ( s. lr k.k. r.).
dispense: 'fn' The nurse dispensed some pills to the ill people (N . s . n fn won .
alsn n n ogn onkr).
dispose: (i) 'm' . We are well disposed towards him (Inu wa m . s i) (ii) 'y' . He felt
kindly disposed towards me (In r. y. s mi) (iii) 'f. '' Are you disposed to help me
write this letter, or shall I ask Olu? (S . o f. b mi ko. l.t y b k n be. Ol?).
dispute: 'j' We had a dispute about how much he owed me (A j lr iye t je. m).
dissolve: 'y' . Sugan dissolves in hot tea (Sg ma n y. nn t gbgbn).
distil: 'pon'
. They distilled alcoholic drinks (Wn . pon. ot).
.
distinct: 'hn' Your shadow is quite distinct on that white cardboard (jji r e. hn gan-an
lra kdb. d
. funfun y.en).
divide: (i) 'l' He divided the land ( la il. n) (ii) 'pn' He divided it into two ( pn in
s mj) (iii) 'h' He divided (distributed) the meat among us ( h e. ran n fn
wa).
do: (i) '.se' He did it ( s. e ) (ii) 'd' Do up your shirt (De St
. r.e) (iii) 'f. ' I could do with
cold water (Mo f. omi tt).
dodge: 'y.' Ol dodged the book that I threw (Ol ye. w t mo j).
does: '.se' She does a lot of work at home (O ma n s. e i.s. pp. n il).
dominate: 'gb' The school dominates the street (Il-w n gba gbogbo tt).
donate: 'd' I donated a lot of money to the hospital (Mo d ow pp. s il-wsn n).
done: '.se' He has done it ( ti s. e ).
down: 'd' He has got (He is down with) guinea worm' (Sb ti d a).
doze: 'sn' I dozed off for one hour (Mo sn lo. fn wkt kan).
drag: (i) 'f' He dragged him out ( f jde) (ii) 'w' . Drag him out (W. o. jde).
drape: 'r' He draped a choack round his shoulders ( r a.so. lk n m. jk r.).
drain: (i) 'sn' The water drained away slowly (Omi n rora . n sn lo) . (ii) 'ro' After I
washed the plates, I left them to drain (L. yn gb t mo ti fo. won . wo n tn,
mo fi wn . sl. lti ro).
draw: (i) 'pon' . He drew water from a stream ( pon . omi lti in od) (ii) 'f' He drew a
line ( fa l) (iii) 'f' He drew water from the well ( fa omi lti in knga) (iv)
'y' He drew a picture ( ya wrn).
dress: 'd' I dressed his cut hand (Mo di ow. t fi pa).
dribble: 'ge' I dribbled him (Mo g e).
drift: 'f' The feather drifted past in the wind (y. n f koj . nn af. f.).
drill: 'gb. ' He drilled holes in the wall ( gb. ih s ara giri).
drink: 'mu' He drank water ( mu omi); 'mu' He drank gar ( mu gar).
drip: (i) 'kn' The water is dripping (Omi n n kn) (ii) 'ro' This water is dripping into
the plate (Omi y n ro sn ab) . (iii) 'w' the tree dripped (Igi n w).
drive: (i) 'd' He is driving the cows along ( n da ml) (ii) 'w' He drove a car ( wa
ok
. )
. (iii) 'r' (He is driving out animals from the bush ( n r igb) (iv) 'l' This
chemical can drive away mosquitoes (Ogn y l l . fon . (v) 'kn' He used a
 hammer to drive in a nail ( fi hm kan s wol) . (vi) 'f. ' The wind was driving
the rain against the window-panes (At.gn n f. j lu gls wn-n-d) (vii) 't'
He was driven by hunger to steal (Ebi l t lo. jal) (viii) '.se' What is he driving
at? (K ni f. s. e?).
drizzle: (i) 'fn'. It is drizzling (j n fn). (ii) 'won' . It is drizzling ( n won).
.
droop: 'ro' . The flowers drooped soon after we picked them (won . dd n ro. n kt t
a j won . tn).
drop: (i) 'b' . It dropped onto the ground ( b. sl. ) (ii) 'r' The orange dropped from the
tree (Osn
. n r b. lti or igi) (iii) 'r. ' The leaves of the tree have dropped (Igi
n ti r.) (iv) 'w' I am going to drop in to see you on my way home from school
(M w r o. b mo b n ti il-w b. nl).
drown: 'r' Don't play by the river in case you fall in and drown (M s. er lt omi k o m
ba sub sn r. k s r).
drum: (i) 'l' He drummed on the table with his finger ( fi ka ow . . r. u tbl) (ii) 'k'
He drummed the floor with his feet ( fi e. s. r. ki il.).
drunk: (i) 'pa' He is drunk (Oti n pa ) (ii) 'y' He is drunk ( ti y).
dry: (i) 'gbe. ' The river has dried up (Omi n ti gbe. ) (ii) 's' He hunged the clothes in the
sun to dry ( s won . a.so. n).
due: (i) 't' . A great deal of money is due o you (p . l
. op
. . ow ni t. s o)
. (ii) 'd' The car
is due in five minutes (K n y d n .s. j mrn-n) (iii) 'f' His illness was
due to bad food (Onje. burk ni fa sn r.).
dull: (i) '.s' He looks dull (Oj r. s. ) (ii) 'f' He is dull ( f).
dump: 'j' We dumped our bags on the floor (A ju won . bg wa s or il.).
durable: 't' . It is durable ( t).
.
during: 'fn' I sat for one hour (Mo jk fn wkt kan).

Ee
eager: 'f.' He is eager to show me his work ( n f. lti fi s. . r. hn m).
early: 'y' I was early ( y mi).
earned: 'gb' H earned a lot of money by working in the morning ( gba ow pp. ntor
p n s. i.s. n r).
.
ease: 'r'
. The new medicine eased his pains (Ogn titun n m k ara rro r. r). .
easy: (i) 'y' This work is easy to do (I.s. y y s. e) (ii) 'r' . those questions are easy (won .
br y.en r). .
eat: (i) 'yin' He is eating it in bits ( n yin n je. ) (ii) 'w' I ate (drank) gar (M wa gar)
(iii) 'je. ' He ate bread ( j.e br.d) (iv) '.sn' He ate his plantain raw ( s. n g.. d.)
economically: 'gn' He used it economically ( gn an l).
educate: 'k' . Teachers educate pupils (won . olk. ma n k. won . ak. k. ).
.
effect: (i) 'm' I feel too cold (I feel the effect of cold) (tt m mi) (ii) 'gb' The
sickness had an effect on him (sn n gb ).
effective: 'j. ' The medicine is effective (Ogn n j. ).
elastic: (i) 'f' It is elastic ( n f bi rb)
. (ii) 'l. ' Rubber is an elastic substance (Nnkan t
l. ni rb).
.
elact: 'yn' They elected their representative (Wn . yan a.soj won).
.
eliminate: 'yo' . She has been eliminated from this year's athletic race (Wn . ti yo. o. nn
er ss odn . y).
emerge: 'yo' . We went along the river and emerged in the school compound (A n to. . b
od lo. a s yo. sn ogb
. il-w).
emit: 'tn' The sun emits light (Orn ma n tan ml. . ).
empty: (i) 'd' The market is empty (Oj . da) (ii) '.su' He went to empty his bowel ( lo s.
u)
end: 'tn' It has come to an end ( ti tn)
endanger: 'wu' He is being endangered (Ewu n wu ).
engage: (i) 'gb' I engaged a room (Mo n gb yr kan) (ii) 'l' The telephone number is
engaged (Wn . n lo n. mb t.elifn n).
enlarge: 'f. ' He enlarged the hole ( fe. ih n).
enough: 't' There is enough paper here (w ib y t).
enter: (i) 'k' He entered the forest ( k s in igb) (ii) 'w' . He entered the house (
wo. il n).
entirely: 'tn' He has entirely finished the cake ( ti par kr n tn).
entitled: 't'. I am entitled to it ( t. s mi)
envelope: 'gb' The mist enveloped the sky (kuk gba oj run) .
equal: 'j. ' Four and two equals six (E. . rin ti ej j. e. . f).
erect: 'k' . He erected a new hut in the village ( k. ab tuntun kan s abl).
escape: (i) 'yo' . He escaped from danger ( yo. nn ewu) (ii) 'b' . The child escaped from
his mother (Om . o. n b. lw. . y r. ).
escort: 'sn' He escorted his visitor to the motor park ( sin lej re. lo. s dk). .
evaporate: 'gbe' . Water from the river evaporated (Omi inu od n gbe. ).
ever: 'r' Have you ever entered an aeroplane? (Nj. o wo. in e. ropln r?).
evident: 'hn' It is evident that he came ( hn p w).
examine: (i) 'w' He examined it ( w w) (ii) 'w' I examined the insect to see what
it was (Jo wo kkr n k n l mo. ohun t j.).
exceed: 'j' Mine exceeds yours (Tmi ju tre. lo). .
except: 'j' I want nothing but books (N k f. nnkan mrn ju w).
excessive: 'p' . The price of that chair is excessive, I can't pay that much (Iye t o pe ga
y.en p, . n k l san ow t t y.en).
exclude: 'yo' . We excluded Ay. from our club because he was too young (A yo. Ay. nn
e. gb. wa ntor p kr j).
execute: 'pa' The man who had killed Olu was executed (Wn . pa oknrin
. t pa Ol).
exhaust: 'r. ' The journey had exhausted him (rnj n ti j. k r. . ).
exist: (i) 'w' It exists ( w) (ii) 'be. ' It exists ( n b.e) (iii) 's' It does exist (K s)
expand: (i) 'f' . It is expanding ( n f.) (ii) 'h' He expanded it ( h )
expel: 'l' He was expelled from school (Wn . l e n il-w).
expensive: 'wn' . It is expensive ( wn) .
experience: (i) 'je. ' He was whipped (He experienced whipping) ( j e. e. gba) (ii) 'b' I
experienced a feeling of fear (r . b m).
expose: 'y' He is warming himself by the fire ( n y in)
extensive: 'f' . It is extensive ( f. ).
extingush: 'pa' They extinguished the fire (Wn . pa in n).
extract: (i) 'yo' . One of his teeth was extracted (Wn . yo. kan. nn eyn r. ) (ii) 'w' We
 extracted gold from the earth (A wa gl lti in il. ).

Ff
fade: (i) 't' It has faded ( ti t) (ii) '.s' This cloth has faded (A.so. y ti s) (iii) '.s' The
clothes have faded (A.so n ti s. ).
fair: 't'
. It is not fair that he has five margoes and I have three (K t . k n mngr
mrn-n k mi n m.ta).
fall: (i) 'jn' He fell into a deep pit ( jn s kt) (ii) 'k' His tooth fell out (Eyn . r. k)
(iii) 'j' He fell from the tree ( j lti or igi); 'j' The fruit fell off the tree (so
n j n or igi) (iv) 'w'. The fruit fell off the tree (so n w. (sl.) (lti or igi)
(v) 'r'
. Rain was falling steadily (j n r. lmw . r).
.
fancy: 'r' I fancied I heard someone entering the house (Mo r p mo gb. t e. ni kan n wo.
in il n).
far: (i) 'jn' The place is far (Ib. jn) (ii) 'lo'
. He is far better tahn me in drawing ( dra j
m lo. nn wrn yy).
fascinate: 'w' The town fascinates him (l n w ).
fast: 'y' My watch was 20 minutes fast (Aago mi fi ogn .s. ju y).
fasten: (i) 't' She has fastened the door ( ti ti l. kn) (ii) 'd' He has fastened his coat (
ti de kt r.).
feed: (i) 'n' He is feeding the baby ( n nu om . o)
. (ii) 'b'
. He fed the child ( b. om . o.
n) (iii) 'ro'
. She fed her baby ( ro. om . o. r.).
feel: (i) 'b' I feel afraid (r
. n b m) (ii) 'm' I feel cold (tt m mi) (iii) 'r' He felt
he could have done better work ( r p un b ti s. e i.s. t dra ju y.en lo)..
ferment: 'b' The cocoa has fermented (Kk n ti b)
fester: 'k. ' His sore has festered (Egb r. ti k. )
fetch: 'pon'. He fetched a bucket of water from the river ( pon . pl omi kan lti in
od).
fierce: (i) 'le' Tigers are fierce (won . e. kn ma n le) (ii) 'm' In the afternoon, sun is
fierce (Orn ma n m n sn).
.
fight: 'j' They fought (Wn . j).
file: (i) 'ha' He is filing his nail ( n ha knn r. ) (ii) 'pn'. He is filing the cutlass ( n
pn
. d n) (iii) 't' They filed into the classroom (Wn . t wo. in kls) (iv) 'l'
.
He is filing his cutlass ( n lo. d r. ).
fill: 'pon'
. He filled the bucket with water ( pon . omi s in pl n).
filter: 's'
. They filter water before they drink it (Wn . s. omi k won . t m un).
find: (i) 'b' He found himself in my presence ( bara r. nwj mi) (ii) 'j' He found out
my lie (Ir. mi j) (iii) 'j' He found out my lie ( j iro mi) (iv) 'r' You can find
your country in an atlas (O l r l re. nn atls) (v) 'm' . We found our way
here without difficulty (A m o. . n db ln s. ro) (vi) 'k . ' They found out
something about leaves (Wn . k. nnkan npa ew) (vii) 'j' After a long walk in
the forest, he found out the way to the school (L. yn p . . rn nn igb, j n
.
il-w).
first: (i) 'k'. I am the first to complete it (mi ni k. s. e tn) (ii) 'n' I must finish this
 work first (Mo gbd . . par i.s. y n).
fit: 'y' He is feeling fit again after his illness (L. yn sn t s. e , ara r. ti n y) (ii) 'ye. '
This food is not fit for me (Onje. y k y.e m) (iii) 'so' He fitted a telephone in
my house ( so te. lifn s in il mu).
fix: (i) 'kn' He fixed a picture to the wall ( kan wrn m . ara giri) (ii) 'm' We have
fixed a date for our harvest (A ti m oj . . kr wa).
flake: '.s' The paint flaked off the wall (d . n s. kr lra giri).
flame: 'j' The house was in flame (Il n n j)
flash: 'ko' . The lightning flashed (Mnm . n
. ko) . (ii) 'tn' She flashed a light in my eyes
( tan in s mi lj) (iii) 's' he car flashed past (K n s koj). .
flat: (i) 't. ' The land is flat (Il. n t. ) (ii) 'j' The car tyre is flat (Ty k n j).
flatter: 'pn' . He flattered it ( pn . on).
.
flee: (i) 'ho' . He fled from fear ( ho) . (ii) 's' The dog flee from us (Aj n s fn wa).
flexible: 'l' . This stick is flexible (Igi y l. )
flick: 'yn' He flicked me with a stick ( yn mi lp) .
float: 'f' It floated on the river ( f lr omi)
flock: 'd' They flocked past (Wn . d yoy . o. lo).
.
flood: 'ya' The river rose and flooded the fields (Od kn s ya wo. or pp).
flop: 'w' I flopped onto the bed (Mo w s or b. . d/Mo w lu b.. d).
flourish: 'gb' . Vegetables flourish in this earth (Il. y gbo. . f). .
flow: (i) '.sn' The water flows (Omi n n s. n) (ii) 'f.' Air flowed into the room when he
opened the window (At. gn f. wo. in yr n ngb t s. frs) (ii) 'w' . The
crowd of people flowed into the building (won . r w. wo. in il).
fluent: 'y' . He is very fluent (Enu . r. y). .
fly: (i) 'f' The bird flew (Ey. . e n f) (ii) 's' She flew out of the house ( s jde nn il
n).
fold: (i) 'k' He folded his umbrella ( k agbrn r. ) (ii) '.s. ' I folded the cloth into two
equal parts (Mo s. . a.so. n s mj ogb . o. ogba).
.
follow: (i) 't' . He followed this road ( to. n . y) (ii) 'gb' I followed the left path (Mo
gba ap s) (iii) 'y' He didn't follow what the teacher was saying (Ohun t olk.
n so. k y e).
fond: (i) 'w' That boy is fond of this girl (Om . obnrin
. y wu om . oknrin
. y.en) (ii) 'f. ' I am
fond of eating meat (Mo ma n f. j.e e. ran).
fool: (i) 'g' . He is a fool. He left his meat with the cat ( g. . fi e. ran r. s d
. . olgb)
(ii) 'tn' I fooled him into thinking that I will give him the money (Mo tn n lti
j. k r p n fn un lw n).
foot: (i) 'rn' We decided to go on foot (A gb lti rn) (ii) 'san' My parents footed the bill
for the wedding (won . b mi ni san ow gbogbo ohun t a fi s. e gbyw) (iii)
'gb' . My parents footed the bill for the wedding (won . b mi ni gb. gbogbo
ohun t a fi s. e gbyw).
for: (i) 'd' He made himself ready for the day ( mra sl. di oj . . n) (ii) 'fn' I put on
his cap for him/ I put on a cap (On my head) for him (Mo d fl fn un) (iii) 'd'
He made himself ready for the day ( mra sl. de oj . . n).
forge: 'ro' . He forged a hoe ( ro. ok . ).
.
fork: 'y' Fork left after the river (Y s ap s t ba ti koj . od).
form: 'd' A table is formed of a flat piece of wood and four legs (Igi p e. r.es.e t n e. s. m.
rin l ma n di tbl).
forment: 'b' I formented his ulcer (Mo ba egbo r. )
formerly: 'r' Ghana was formerly called Gold Coast (Gold Coast ni Ghana n j. r).
forward: 'b.e' That boy is too forward (Om . oknrin
. y.en b.e)
fossick: 'f'
. He is fossicking about in the bush ( n f. igb kiri).
fracture: 'd' His leg was fractured in an accident (Es . . re. d nn jmb t s. e. l. s i).
fray: (i) 'j' It frayed at the edge ( j lt) (ii) 'ju' This garment is frayed (A.so. y j)
freeze: 'd' The water has frozen (Omi n ti d).
friendly: 'r' . They are friendly (Wn . r.).
from: 'ti' He went to bdn from Lagos ( ti k lo. s bdn).
frothed: 'ru' The saliva frothed (It. n n ru).
fruit: 'so' This orange tree has fruited (Igi osn
. y so).
fry: (i) 'dn' He fried meat ( dn eran)
. (ii) 'gb' He fried red palm oil ( gb epo).
full: (i) 'kn' It is full ( kn) (ii) 'y' I felt full after eating the pounded yam (Mo y
ngb t mo je. iyn n tn).

Gg
gather: (i) 'gb' . I gather that you are interested in football (Mo gb . p o nf. . s b. l) .
(ii) 'k' She gathered her books ( k won . w r.).
gauge: (i) 'r' I gauged that there will be five books on that table (Mo r p w mrn-n
ni y w lr tbl y.en) (ii) 'wn' . He gauged he amount of petrol in the car (
won. iye epo pe. tir t w nn k n).
gaze: 'w' I was gazing in surprise at the people (Mo n wo won . nyn n pl. yanu).
germinate: (i) 'w' The bean seed germinates (Irgbn . wa n w) (ii) 'h' The bean
seed germinates (Irgbn . w n h).
germination: (i) 'w' Seeds need water for germination (Irgbn nl omi lti w) (ii) 'h'
Seeds need water for germination (Irgbn nl omi lti h).
get: (i) 'l' He got into trouble ( lu jngbn) . (ii) 'r' He got profit on his wares ( r r
lr oj
. r. ) (iii) 'je. ' He got profit on his wares ( je. r lr oj . r.) (iv) 'n' I have
got a dog (Mo n aj) (v) 'gb' I got a letter from Mary (Mo gba l. t lti d . .
Mr) (vi) 'r' I must get a book from the bookshop (Mo gb d . . ra w kan n il
tw) (vii) 'm' I got out my book (Mo m w mi jde) (viii) 'gb' Get these
books to Ol (Gb won . w y fn Ol) (ix) 'k' Get these stones to the house
(K. won . kta y lo. s in il) (x) 'j.' He got the shirt clean ( j. k s. t n m.
) (xi) 's'. Get down (S. kal. ) (xii) 'j' He got to the road ( j n) . (xiii) 'd' I
must get to Ibadan tomorrow (Mo gbd . . d bdn lla). (xiv) 'w' . He got on the
train ( wo. ok. . oj irin n).
give: (i) 'bn' He gives me money (as a gift) ( bn mi lw) (ii) 'd' He gave thanks (
d op
. )
. (iii) 'fn' He gave me money ( fn mi lw) (iv) 'pa' He gave an order
( pa .se. ) (v) 'sn' He gave his daughter in marriage ( sin om . o. r. n yw) (vi)
'san' How much did you give for that book? (l ni o san fn w y.en).
give birth to: 'b' She give birth to a baby ( b om . o).
.
glance: 'w' He glanced along the road to see if he was there ( wo oj tt lti r i by
w nb)..
glare: 'w' He glared at me ( w m).
glean: 'tn' The moon gleaned on the river (.sp tn s omi n).
glide: 'y'. The boat slides away on the river (Ok . . n n y. lo. lr omi).
glimmer: 'ko' . The light from the house glimmered in the distance (In in il n n ko. n
. kn.
.
glitter: 'dn' The ring glittered on her hand (rka n n dn n ka r. ).
gloat: 'y' . The enemies gloated over his misfortune (t . y. )..
glow: 'ko' . The dying fire glows in the dark forest (In t n k lo. n s n ko. nn igb
dd n).
glue: 'l. ' She glued the handle to the cup ( le. ow . . k. b
. n m. ara k. b
. n).
gnaw: (i) 'ho' . He gnawed a bone with his teeth ( fi eyn ho. eegun) (ii) 'gb. ' The rat
gnawed a hole in the tree (Eku n gb. ih s ara igi n).
go: (i) 'r' Where did you go? (Nbo lo r?) (ii) 'lo' . He went home ( lo. sl) (iii) 'tn' The
light went on (In n tn (iv) 'k' The light went out (In n k) (v) 'w' Go
through this work (Wo i.s. y) (vi) 'b' . Go out (B. sta).
govern: 'd' The preposition governs a noun in a sentence ( r . -at
. kn
. ma n de r . -
.
orko. nn gblhn).
grab: 'm' He grabbed the book ( m w n).
grade: 't' We have graded those eggs into several sizes (A ti to won . e. yin y.en s or.sir.si
wn)..
grant: 'fn' The children were granted a holiday (Wn . fn won . om. o. n n sinmi).
grasp: (i) 'y' I could not grasp what the teacher taught me (Ohun t olk. k. mi k y
mi) (ii) 'm' I grasped the cat's tail (Mo m r olgb n).
grate: 'rin' She grated cassava ( rin . g.).
graze: 'b' My skin is grazed (Ara mi b).
great: 'ga' That party was great (Pat n ga).
greet: (i) 'k' You are greeted this morning (Good morning) (K r). .
grind: 'l' . We grind grain to make flour (A lo. ok . lti fi s. e flw).
group: 'pn' They grouped them round their teacher (Wn . pn won . y olk. won. k).
grow: (i) 'h' Your orange is growing fast (Osn . r.e n tt h) (ii) 'w' Your orange is
growing fast (Osn
. r.e n tt w).
growl: 'kn' The dog growls at the visitors (Aj n n kn s won . lej n).
grunt: 'kn' The pigs are grunting (won . e. l.d. n n kn).
guard: 's' . The dog guards the house (Aj n n s. il n).

Hh
habitual marker: (i) 'n' I go to school everyday (Mo n lo. sl w ljoojm). (ii) 'm' I go
with him everyday (Mo m b a lo. ljoojm) . (iii) '' We always see it from home
(Ile la ti r i)
had: 'ti' He had gone before his friend arrived ( ti lo. k r.
. r. t d).
haft: 'r' He hafted the hoe ( r ok
. ).
.
hammer: 'kn' He hammered the nail ( kan s n).
hand: (i) 'gb' I handed it over to him (Mo gb e fn un) (ii) 'fn' Hand me that book
(Fn mi n w y.en).
handle: 'l' He learnt how to handle a knife ( k. b wn . s. e n lo b
. e. ).
hang: (i) 'so' He hanged ( so) (ii) 'r'
. He is hanging on a tree ( r. lr igi) (iii) 'yo'
. A
 god's tongue hangs out when it runs fast (Ahn . aj ma n yo. jde t b n sr
gan-an) (iv) 'l. ' Hang the wallpaper (Le. bb n m. ara giri) (v) 'gb' Where are
you hanging out now? (Nbo lo n gb by?) (vi) 's' He is hanging out the
washing ( n s a.so) . (vii) 'ta' They hanged out flags for the Queen (W n . ta won.
flg fn Obabnrin).
.
happen: (i) 'b' Anybody who (happens to go ) goes will be punished ( Eni . t b lo, .
jy) (ii) 'gb' Do you notice where we have made a mistake? (Do you happened
to know where we made a mistake?) (S . o r ibi t a gb s. e sse?) (iv) 's.' A
startling event happened (.s. l. nl s.)
happy: (i) 'y' . They are happy (Wn . n y). (ii) 'y' He is extremely happy (Ara r. y
gg).
hard: 'le' This tree is hard (Igi y le).
harden: 'gan' The loaf of bread has become hardened (Br. d n ti gan)
harsh: 'le' The teacher is very harsh (Olk. n le j).
harvest: 'k' He harvested his guinea corn ( k ok . bb r. )
has: (i) 'ti' He has gone ( ti lo) . (ii) 'n' He has that type of book ( n ir w ye. n).
hatch: 'pa' The hen has hatched the chichen (Ady.e n ti pa om . o).
haul: 't' They hauled the boat into the river (Wn . ti ok
. . n s in omi).
have: (i) 'ti' They have gone (Wn . ti lo)
. (ii) 'n' They have money (Wn . n ow) (iii) 'f'
They have dried saliva on their mouth (Wn . fa lala).
he: '' He picked up the bag ( gb bg n)
head: 'lo'. The bus is heading towards the centre of the town (B. s . n n lo. s rn l).
heal: (i) 'san' The sore on his leg has been healed (Egb e. s. r. ti san) (ii) 'pa' They healed
the wound (Wn . pa ogb
. . n) (iii) 'sn' He has now been healed ( ti sn fn un
by).
hear: 'gb' . He heard my call ( gb. p mi).
heavy: 'p' . The rain was very heavy (j n p. pp). .
help: (i) 'b' He helped me to do it ( b mi s. e ) (ii) 'rn' He helped me with the load (
rn m l. r) (iii) 'gb' Help me (Gb m) (iv) 'fn' He helped me to some rice (
fn mi n rs d.).
her: (i) '' I held her (Mo di3 mu) (ii) 'i' I saw her (Mo r i) (iii) '' I draw her nearer (Mo
f mra). (iv) 'a' I am looking for her (Mo n w a) (v) '.' Her clothes (A.so. r./A.so.
. ) (vi) '' I called her (Mo p ) (vii) 'n' It pained her ( dn n) (viii) 'un' He
gave her ( fn un) (ix) '' He beats her ( l ) (x) 'u' He abused her ( b u)
(xi) 'e. ' I love her (Mo f. e. ) (xii) '.' I begged her (Mo b. . ) (xiii) 'e' I overtook her
(Mo l e b) (xiv) '.e' Your cloth (A.so. e. ) (xv) 'n' I tripped her from the back (Mo
jn n l.s. lti . yn (xvi) 'in' I scrubbe her back (Mo kn in lyn).
.
here: '' Here is money (Ow r ).
hide: (i) 'ba' I hid under the tree (Mo ba s ab. igi) (ii) 'bo' He hid under he tree ( bo s
ab. igi) (iii) 'm' He hid under the bush ( m s ab. igb)
high: 'ga' He is tall ( ga)
him: (i) '' I held him (Mo d m) (ii) 'i' I saw him (Mo r i) (iii) '. ' I begged him (Mo b.
. ) (iv) '' He beats him ( l ) (v) 'u' He slaughtered him ( d u) (vi) '' I drew
him nearer (Mo f mra) . (vii) 'a' I am looking for him (Mo n w a) (viii) 'e' I
 overtook him (Mo l e b) (ix) '' I called him (Mo p ) (x) 'n' It pained him (
dn n) (xi) 'un' He gave him ( fn un) (xii) 'e. ' I love him (Mo f. e. ) (xiii) 'n' I
tripped him from the back (Mo jn n l.s.).
hire: 'y' He hired a car ( y k kan).
his: (i) '.' His clothes (A.so. . ) (ii) 'in' I scrubbed his back (Mo kn in l. yn).
hit: (i) 'b' The stone he threw hit me (kta t so. b m) (ii) 'gn' He hit him on the
palm with 'kt' (small snail-shell) ( gn an) (iii) 'n' He hit me ( n m) (iv)
'd' He hit me with a stick ( d mi ni igi) (v) 'l' He hit him ( l ) (vi) 'jn' He
hit me with a stick ( jn m n igi) (vii) 'jn' He threw me down in a wrestling
contest ( jn m ml. . ) (viii) 'kn' He hit me with a stick ( kn mi n igi) (ix) 't'
He hit me with a stick ( t mi n igi) (x) 'gb' He hit me with his hand ( gb mi
lbr) (xi) 't' That song was a hit last year (Orin ye. n t n .s) (xii) 'b' The stone
hit me (kta n b mi).
hoc: 'tu' The man was hoeing the ground where he planted the beans (Oknrin . n n tu il.
ibi t gbin . w s).
hoist: (i) 'gb' He hoisted the bag onto his shoulder ( gb p n k . ap) (ii) 'ta' He
hoisted the flag to the top of the pole ( ta flg n s or p).
hold: (i) 'f' He held my hand ( f m lw . )
. (ii) 'm' He was holding a book in his hand
( m w kan dn (iii) 'gb' The bottle holds a litre of water (g n gba lt
omi kan) (iv) '.se' They are holding a party next week (Won . y s. e pat ls.
. t n
b).
.
honour: 'b' He honoured him ( bu ol . fn un)
hook: (i) 'k' . His cloth got hooked on a tree (A.so. r. k. igi) (ii) 'd' She hooked up her
dress ( de a.so. r. (iii) 't' He unhooked his shirt ( t s. t r. ).
hot: 'ta' The pepper tastes hot in my mouth (At n t m l. nu)
how: 'bi' He taught me how to do it ( k. mi b mo ti ma s. e )
howl: (i) 'han' He howled ( han) (ii) 'hu' He howled out ( hu)
hum: 'kn' The bees are humming (won . oyin n n kn).
hungry: 'pa' He is hungry (Hunger is killing him) (Ebi n pa )
hunt: (i) 'de. ' He hunted for animals in the bush ( de. gb) . (ii) 'w' I hunted for my book
in the classroom (Mo w w mi nn kls).
hurl: 'j' He hurled the book at the wall ( ju w n lu giri).
hurt: 'dn' My leg hurts (Es. . mi n dn m).
husky: 'k.' He has husky voice (Ohn-un r. k.).

Ii
i: 'n' I didn't go (N k lo). .
identical: 'jo' . This book is identical to that one (w y jo. y.en).
identify: 'm' . I have identified the man who wrote the letter - It is Ol (Mo ti mo. oknrin
.
t ko. w n - Ol ni).
if: 'b' If you hit me I will hit you (B o l m n l ).
.
ignite: 'rn' The wood has ignited (Igi n ti rn).
ill: 'r.' He is ill ( r. . ).
imagine: 'r' Do you imagine I am going to stop your game? (S . o r p mo ma d er
yn dr ni?).
implore: 'b. ' He implored the robber not to take all their money ( b e. ol n k ma
k gbogbo ow won . lo).
.
in: (i) 'n' He is in the market ( w n oj) . (ii) 's' Don't stand in his way (M dr s oj
n
. t n gb) (iii) 'fi' The words were written in pencil (P. ns ni wn . fi ko. won
.
r
. . n) (iv) 'w'. She was in a black skirt (Sk.. t dd ni w). .
incite: 'd.e' I incited them against him (Mo de. wn . s i)
increase: (i) 'gb' It increased slightly ( gb p . . d . s i) (ii) 'l' My clothes have
increased by one (A.so. mi ti l kan . s i) (iii) 'r.' They gave birth to more children,
they increase in number (Wn . b s i, wn . r. s i).
indulgent: 'gb' He was indulgent to me ( gb fn mi).
infect: 'rn' His fever infected three other children (Ib r. ran won . om
. o. m.ta mrn).
inflate: 'p' . He inflated the bicycle's tyre ( p. ty k.k.).
inhabit: 'gb' They used to inhabit the street (Wn . ma n gb tt n t. l.).
inhale: 'f' He inhaled it (into his nose) ( f sm).
initially: 'k' . He initially wanted to walk to town but changed his mind ( k. f. rn lo. s
gboro s. gbn . y okn
. r. pad).
inscribe: 'gb' . They inscribed his name on the stone (Wn . gb. orko. r. s ara kta n).
inspire: 'k' He inspired me with the spirit to take it ( k mi ly lti m un).
install: 'gn' He was installed a chief ( gun or oy)
instruct: 'k' . He instructed me how to use the telephone ( k. mi b a ti n lo fn).
intelligent: 'gbn' . The boy is intelligent (Om . oknrin
. n gbn)
.
intend: (i) 'f. ' Today, I intend to write my letter (N n, mo f. ko. lt . mi) (ii) 'w' This
book is intended for children (w y w fn om . od).
.
interrogate: 'yin' He interrogated him in order to hear the facts from him ( yin r . . gb.
l.nu r.).
into: 's' when the rain came, the dust changed into mud (Ngb t j d, eruku y pad s
bt).
intoxicate: 'y' The man was intoxicated (Oknrin . n ti y).
invite: 'p' He invited us to the meeting ( p w s pd n).
involve: 'kn' We were all involved in the play (Gbogbo wa ni er n kn).
iron: 'l'. I ironed two shirts (Mo lo. s. t mj).
irritate: 'j' The cow-itch irritated his body (Wrp j o lra).
is: (i) 'ni' He is Peter's friend (r. . Pt ni) (ii) 'w' He is in the market ( w n oj) . (iii)
'j. ' One of them is a student (kan. nn won . j. ak. k. ).
.
issue: (i) 'j' I have issued from a path to highway (Mo ti j oj n) . (ii) 'fn' He issued
pens to the children ( fn won . om. o. n n p. . n).
it: (i) '' I bought it (Mo r ) (ii) 'a' I swept it (Mo gb a) (iii) '. ' I ate it (Mo je. . ) (iv) 'e' I
cut it (Mo g e) (v) '' I did it (Mo s. e ) (vi) '' I tied it (Mo d ) (vii) 'i' I opened it
(Mo s i) (viii) '.e' I cut it (Mo b. e. ) (ix) '' He carried it ( r ) (x) 'u' He untied it
( t u) (xi) 'n' He wipped it ( n n) (xii) 'un' He squeezed it ( rn un) (xiii)
'in' I fired it (Mo dn in) (xiv) 'gb' Where did you see him? (Where is it that you
see him?) (Nbo lo gb r i?) (xv) '' It is in my room ( w n yr mi) (xvi) 'n' I
 planted it (Mo gbn n).
itch: (i) 'yn' His ear itched all night (Gbogbo al . ni et r. fi n yn un) (ii) 'hn' His ear
itched all night (Gbogbo al. ni et r. fi n hn un).

Jj
jab: (i) 'gn' When I was sewing, I jabbed my finger with a needle (Ngb t mo n rn a.so.
, mo fi ab.r. gn ara mi nka).
jam: (i) 'fn' I jammed all my clothes into the small box (Mo fn gbogbo a.so. mi m. in
pt kker n) (ii) 'k' I jammed my clothes into the small box (Mo k w on . a.so.
mi m. in pt kker n) (iii) 'kn' The hall was jammed full of people (r
kn in gbngn
. n) (iv) 'h' I can't open the window, it is jammed (N k l s
frs n, ti h) (v) 'h'
. So many people came to the seminar that the place was
jammed (p . l. op
. . nyn ni w s ibi dnilk
. . . n t fi j. p ib. h).
.
jeer: 'y'. They jeered him (Wn . y. )
.
joggle: 'l' The tree is joggling up and down (Igi n n l)
join: 'b' He went with me (HJe joined me to go (there)) ( b mi lo). .
joint: 'jo'
. Ol and Ad are the joint owners of the business (Ol ti Ad ni wn . jo. ni il-i.s
. n).
jointly: 'jo'. They owned the business jointly (Wn . jo. ni il-i.s. n ni).
jump: (i) 'f' He jumped over it ( f ) (ii) 'b . ' The child jumped (Om . o. n b.) (iii) 'to'
.
He jumped ( to). .
just: (i) 'kn' j entered just to say good morning (j w ol . lti kn so. p e. kr) . (ii)
'b' Ad entered just as I left (Ad wol. b mo s. e jde).

Kk

keen: (i) 'w' Are you keen on swimming? (S . o w . lti w.?) (ii) 'f. ' Are you keen on
swimming? (Se . o f. w.?).
keep: (i) 'sn' He is keeping poultry ( n sin ad.e) (ii) 'm' I don't want that book, keep it
(N k f. w y.en, ma m un) (iii) 'so' . Ol kept eyes on the children (Ol n s. .
won. om. o. n) (iv) 'fi' He kept it in mind ( fi i skn) . (v) 'j. ' Keep the fire
burning (J. k in y.en ma j) (vi) 'j' The fire will keep in for one hour (In n
y j fn wkt kan) (vii) 'd' Keep your hat on (D fl re. ) (viii) 'k' Do you
still keep up your Greek? (S . o s n ka Grk re. ?) (ix) 'k' He keeps bad company
( n k e. gb. kgb
. . ).
kick: (i) 'gb' He kicked the ball ( gb b. l) . (ii) 'ta' The horse kicked him (E. . sin n ta
n p).
kill: 'pa' He killed the snake ( pa ej n).
kindle: 'd' It is difficult to kindle the fire if the wood is wet (In igi t b tut s. ro
d).
knit: (i) 'hun' My mother knits me some socks (Mm mi hun b s . . ml kan fn mi)
(ii) 'wun' My mother knits me some socks (Mm mu wun bs. . ml kan fn
mi).
knock: (i) 's. ' He knocked his head against Ad ( se. or m. Ad) (ii) 'kn' Knock on the
door before you enter (Kan l. kn k o t wol) . (iii) 'l' He knocked the snake on
the head with a stick ( fi igi lu ej n lr) (iv) 'w' The house was knocked
down (Wn . wo il n).
know: (i) 'm'
. He knows it ( m. n)
. (ii) 'gb'
. He knows how to do divination ( gb.
If)

Ll
labour: 't. ' She is labouring to have a baby (Ob t. . )
lack: 'd' He has no money (Od . ow d a)
laden: 'kn' The lorry was laden with boxes (pt kn in ok . . n).
ladle: (i) 'ko' . She ladled 'ml' ( ko. ml) (ii) 't'. She ladled out some soup ( t. ob . .
).
lap: 'l' The dog laps its water (Aj n l omi r. ).
lash: (i) 'n' The man lashed the cow ( Oknrin . n na ml n) (ii) 'l' The man
lashed the cow (Oknrin
. n lu ml n) (iii) 'pa' The rain lashes our faces
(j pa w lj) (iv) 'so' We lashed the boat to the tree (A so ok . . oj omi n m.
igi).
last: (i) 'k' This food will last for a year (Onje. y y k odn) . (ii) 'p. ' It cannot last
(K le p.) (iii) 'gb' Our holiday lasted ten days (sinmi wa gba oj . . mw)
. (iv)
't' Buy loaves of bread that will last us for ten days (Ra br. d t y t wa fn o.
j. m.w).
late: 'p.' He was late ( p. )
laugh: 'rn' He laughed ( rn (rn))
.
lay: (i) 'y' The hen laid eggs (Ady.e n y e. yin) (ii) 'fi' Lay the book on the table (Fi
w n s or tbl).
lazy: 'le'
. He is lazy ( le. )
lead: 'm' The road lead us to Ayo's . house (Tt n m wa d il Ay). .
leading: 'l' The teacher was leading the song (Olk. n r l orin n).
leak: (i) 'j' The plate leaks (Ab. n n j) (ii) 'lu' The plate leaks (Ab. n lu).
leaky: (i) 'j' The roof is leaky (Pn t wn . fi bo il n n j) (ii) 'lu' The roof is leaky
(Pn t wn. fi bo il n lu).
lean: (i) 'r' He is lean ( r) (ii) 'gb' Lean your elbow on the table (Gb gb nw . . r.e l
or tbl).
leap: 'f' The dog leapt over the table (Aj n fo tbl n koj)..
learn: 'k' . He learns arithmetic ( k. .sir)
leave: (i) 'b' . He left for the backyard ( b . s . hnknl) (ii) 't' Everybody left the
market hurriedly (Oj. t ljij)
lend: (i) 'y' He lend me some money ( y mi lw) (ii) 'wn' I lent him some money
(Mo wn in n ow).
level: 't'. We need a level piece of ground to play football on (A nl il . t o t. nbi t a ti
l ma gb b. l.
.
lick: 'l' He licked the soup ( l ob.
. n).
lie: (i) 'w' The plates lay on the table (won . wo n w lr tbl) (ii) 'sn' Lie down
(sn sl.).
lift: 'gb' He lifted it up ( gb e sk).
light: (i) 'tn' Light the fire (Tan in n) (ii) 'rn' I lit the cigarrette with a match (Mo fi
 in sn ran sg n) (iii) 's' I lit the tobacco with a match (Mo s sn s tb
n).
like: (i) 'f.' He likes me ( f. mi) (ii) 'jo'
. He is like his father ( jo. bb r. ) (iii) 'b' Ayo's .
shoes are black, like mine (Bt Ay. dd, b i tmi).
limit: 'mo' . This is my limitation (B mo. ti mo. n y)
limp: 'ro'. When plants are dying their leaves become limp (B korko b f. k, ew won .
y ro)..
line: 't' They are in a line (Wn . t).
listen: 'gb' He does not listen to our advice (K gba p. t a s. e fn un).
live: 'gb' He lives at bdn ( n gb n bdn)
load: 'k' He loaded the gun ( ki bon . n).
loan: 'y' They loaned me some money (Wn . y mi lw d.).
locate: (i) 'w' The house was located in the market (Il n w n oj) . (ii) 'k'
. The house
was located in the market (Wn . k. il n s oj)
. (iii) 'r' I cannot locate the pen
(N k r p.. n n)
lock: 't' You use a key o lock the door (Kk . r
. . ni a fi n ti il.kn).
lodge: (i) 'w' . He lodged in my house ( w. s il mi) (ii) 'gb' He lodges in a room in
our house ( n gb yr kan nn il wa).
loft: 'gb' He lofts the sall over his head ( gb b. l . n koj . or r.).
lofty: 'ga' That is a lofty mountain (k y.n ga).
long: (i) 'gb' My absence from home made him long for me (s nl m gb ) (ii)
'gn' It is long ( gn) (iii) 'p. ' Will you be long? (S . o ma p.?) (iv) 'b' You can
go out as long as you promise to be back soon (O l jde b o k b ti n p. ) (v)
'f'
. I longed to see my mother, she has been away for a long time (Mo f . r mm
mi, ti p. t ti lo).
.
look: (i) 'w' He looked at it ( w ) (ii) 'w' He looked for it ( w a) (iii) 'r' How
does it look like? It is round (Bwo l s. e r? r kiribiti).
loose: (i) 'd. ' I must loosen this belt, it is too tight (B. lt y ti fn j, mo gbd . . d. . ) (ii)
'm' Ay. has a loose tooth (Eyn Ay. n m) (iii) 's' . A loose belt is better than a
tight one (B.lt t s. dra ju y t fn lo).
.
loosely: 's' . My trousers fit me loosely (Skt
. mi s. m).
lose: (i) 'n' He is looking for his lost sheep ( n w gntn r. t n) (ii) 're' The tree
lost its leaves (Igi n re ew)
love: 'f.' He loves me ( f. mi).
lukewarm: 'l' . The water was only lukewarm (Omi n l. lsn ni).
lurk: 'go'. He lurked in hiding ( go). .

Mm
make: (i) 'mo'
. He made pottery ( mo. kk) (ii) 'ko' . He made yam heaps ( ko. eb) (iii)
'pa' She makes a little sales today ( pa ow d. ln) (iv) 'pa' They are making
noise (Wn. n pariwo) (v) 'ta' There was a great noise (They make a great noise)
(kk ta) (vi) '.se' He made it into law ( s. e n fin) (vii) 'r' He makes a lot of
money every week ( n r ow pp. ls. . ) (viii) 'm' He made me drink water (
 m mi mu omi) (ix) 'y' I can't make out what he is saying (Ohun t n so. k y
mi) (x) 'je. ' He makes a lot of money in the lottery ( je. ow pp. nn t.t.) (xi) '.s
' He made k. k. marks on his cheeks ( s. k. k. s i l. r.k.) (xii) 's' I made a
mark on it (MO s lm) (xiii) 'n' I make friends easily (Mo tt ma n n r. . )
(xiv) 'j'
. What's made him so angry? (K ni j. k n bn?).
manage: (i) 'gb' That is how I can manage to do it (n . t mo l gb s. e ny.en) (ii) 'gb'
Where did you manage to get it? (Nbo lo gb r i).
manufacture: '.se' Cars are manufactured in this factory (A n s. e mt . ayk. . l. nn il-i.s.
y).
many: 'p' . Bananas are not very many in the basket (g. . d. w.w. k p. nn agbn . n).
march: 'yan' The soldiers are marching along the street (won . sj
. n n yan lr tt).
marry: 'f.' He married her ( f. e. ).
massacre: 'pa' They massacred women and children of the town (Wn . pa won . obnrin
ti won. om. od
. in l n).
may: (i) 'l' I may go (Mo l lo) . (ii) 'j. ' Perhaps he may come (By a j. w) (iii) 'k' May
our class win (K kls wa bor).
me: (i) 'mi' He saw me ( r mi) (ii) 'm' He calls me ( p m).
measure: 'wn' . He measured it ( wn . n) .
meditate: 'l' He meditated between them ( l wn . n j)
meet: (i) 'b' He found himself in my presence ( bra r . nwj mi) (ii) 'k' He met me
on the way ( k m ln) . (iii) 'm' . I would like to meet your teacher (m f. mo.
olk. r.e).
melt: 'y'. It melted ( y). .
merely: 's' I merely gave a reply (Mo fs kan s).
might: 'l' He said he might come ( n un l w).
mill: 'l'
. The new machine mills flour very quickly (r . o. tuntun n tt ma n lo. flw).
miss: 's' The stone he threw missed the hole (kta t o ju s oj ih n).
mistake: '.s' He made a mistake ( s. )
mix: (i) 'l' He mixed them together ( l won . mra)
. (ii) 'p' He pour milk into to tea and
mixed the two together ( bu mlk sn t, po mjj p). .
modify: 'pn' . He modified a verb with an adverb ( fi r . -p
. nl
. pn. r
. -.
. se).
moist: (i) 'dn' Rain has moisten the ground (j dun il. ) (ii) 'rin' It is moist ( rin).
more: (i) 'j' I have more bread than they have (Br. d mi ju ti won/Mo . n br.d t ju
y t won . ni) (ii) 's' We need more books (A nl w s i) (iii) 'm ' . He won't
come to school anymore (K n w s il-w m ) . (iv) 'b' There were thirty
people in his house, more or less (nyn b ogb . n . l w nl r. ).
most: (i) j' That is the most beautiful flower (dd t dra j n y.en) (ii) 'p. ' At the
very most, it will take you an hour to get to Ibadan from If . ( p. tn, y gb .
n wkt kan lti d bdn lti If. ).
motion: 'lo' . You must not get out of the lorry when it is in motion (O k gb od . . s. kal.
lti in ok
. . t b s n lo).
.
mould: 'mo' . They would a head out of he clay (Wn . fi am. n mo. or kan).
mouldy: 'bu' It is mouldy ( bu)
mount: 'pn' . He mounted on his back ( pn . s i l.yn) (ii) 'gn' He mounted his horse
 ( gun e. s. in r.) (iii) 'p'
. Our expenses are mounting up (nwo wa n p s i).
mouth: 'so' . The actor mouthed his words (.sr n so. won . r. . r.).
move: '.s' He moved house ( s. il) (ii) 'sn' He moved near me ( sn m. mi) (iii) 'k'
Lorries were used to move the soldiers (W n . fi ok. . elr k won . jagunjagun n
(iv) 'lo'
. Time moves on (kk n lo) . (v) 'b'
. He moved to the front of the class (
b. s iwj kls).
mow: (i) 'g' The men are mowing the grass (won . oknrin
. n n g oko) (ii) 'ro' The
men are mowing the grass (won . oknrin
. n n ro oko).
much: 'fi' Even a naira is irksome (is much) to him to spend (Nr kan f lw . . lti n).
murder: 'pa' The man murdered his wife (Oknrin . n pa yw r.).
my: (i) 'ti' My own cloth (A.so. ti mi) (ii) 'mi' My book (w mi).
myself: 'd' My friends were out, so I played by myself (won . r.
. mi ti jde, ntor n, s.
e ni mo n d s. er).

Nn
nail: 'kn' Nail the plank to the wall (kan pk n m. giri).
name: 'so' . They named the baby Ol (Wn . so. om
. o. n n Ol).
narrate: (i) 'so'. He narrated his adventures in the town ( so. npa rnj r. n l n) (ii)
'r'
. He narrated his dream ( r. l r.).
narrow: (i) 'h' It is narrow ( h) (ii) 'h' . It is narrow ( h). .
navigate: 'w' In spite of the cloud, he navigated the plane down onto the ground (Lke
w p krukru gba oj oj . ,
. wa ok . . furuf n gnl. ).
near: 'kn' He is very near me ( kn mi).
neat: 'm' . Our classroom is neat (Kls wa m). .
next: (i) 't' My father's house is next to his (Il bb mi ni ti tir. ) (ii) 'kn' It was
Saturday, so the next day was Sunday (Oj . . Stid ni, ntor n oj
. . t kn n S.
n-nd).
nibble: 'yn' He is nibbling the food ( n yn onje. n je. ).
no: 't' No ( t).
not: (i) 'not' It is not you (wo. k)
. (ii) 'k' Ol didn't go (Ol k lo) . (iii) 'm' Don't go (M
lo)
. (iv) 'y' Do not go (Y lo).
.
now: 'w' I now understand ( w y mi)
numerous: 'p' . The people are many (numerous) (won . nyn n p). .

Oo
obey: 'gb'
. I obeyed him (Mo gb. tir.).
observe: (i) 'w' He observed the sky ( wo rw) . (ii) 'n' This class is dirty, the teacher
observed (Ts n n, kls y dt).
.
obtain: (i) 'igb' I have obtained the book (Mo ti gba w n) (ii) 'r' Do you know where
it can be obtained (Nj. o mo. ibi t a ti l r i?).
obvious: 'hn' It is obvious that he is alive ( hn p w ly).
occupy: 'gb' The table occupies half of the room (Tbl n gba lj yr n).
of: 'ti' I gave my friend some books. One of his father was there (Mo fn r. . n won . w
kan. kan
. t bb r. w nb).
.
off: 'lo'
. He is off to London ( ti lo. s Lnd. n).
.
offend: '.s. ' I have offended you (Mo ti s. . ).
.
offer: (i) 'fn' He offered me an orange ( fn mi n osn . kan) (ii) 'gb' He offered to
carry the pail for me ( gb lti b mi gb pl n) (iii) 'r' He offered a
sacrifice ( r eb. o).
.
old: 'gb' He is old ( ti gb).
omit: 'f' You have omitted my name (O ti fo orko. mi).
on: (i) 'n' I shall arrive on Monday (M d n Mnd) . (ii) 'b' On her arrival, she sat
down (B ti d, jk sl. ) (iii) 'l' I placed my leg on it (Mo gb e. s. mi l e)
(iv) 'k' He placed it on the table ( gb e ka or tbl).
onto: 'm' . They jumped onto the train (Wn . f m. ok
. . oj irin n).
one: (i) 'a' One should try to help other people (A gbd . . ma gbynj lti ran won .
nyn mrn lw . ). (ii) 'kan' I bought one chair (Mo ra ga kan).
only: 'kn' I am only looking at the shoes (Mo kn n wo won . bt n ni).
onwards: 'lo' . They hurried onwards without stopping to rest (W n . n knj lo. ldr
sinmi).
ooze: 'sun' Water oozes out (Omi n sun jde).
open: (i) 'l' He opened his hand ( la ow. r.) (ii) 'g' He opened his umbrella ( ga
agbrn-un r) . (iii) '.s' He opened the door ( s. il.kn n) (iv) 'y' He opened
his eyes ( ya oj r. ) (v) '.s' They opened fire on them (Wn . s. in b. wn). .
operate: 'l' Do you know how to operate this machine? (Nj. o mo. b a s. e n lo . ro. y?).
order: (i) 't' Keep those papers in order (To won . bb y.en) (ii) 'k' They left early in
order that they might catch the bus (Wn . tt lo. k wn . l r b. s. w) . (iii) 'd'
Don't order me about (M d m kiri).
orderly: 't' . Behave in an orderly manner (Hw n n . t t). .
originate: '.s' . The people of Ef . on
. originated from If. (If. ni won . ara f . n
. ti s. . ).
ought: 'y.e' He ought to take care of his children ( y.e k tj . won . om. o. r.).
our: 'wa' We put the books in our bags (A k won . w n sn bg wa).
out: 'k' Alol the lights were out (won . in n k).
outlying: 'jn' It took us a long time to get to the centre of the town because we live on an
outlying farm ( p. wa k t d rin l ntor p oko t jn ni a n gb).
outstanding: 'k' Are there any outstanding jobs at all to be finished? (S . won . i.s. k t a
s ma par?).
over: (i) 'w' Ask him over (N k w) (ii) 'k' If there is any meat (left) over, give it to
the dog (B e. ran b k, fn aj).
overcome: 'gb' He had an epilepsy (Epilepsy overcomes him) (Wrp gb e).
overflow: 'ya' The stream overflows its bank (Od n ya).
overgrown: 'kn' Your garden will become overgrown (Oko re. y kn).
overpower: 'rn' I can overpower him (Ow . . mi l rn n)
overripe: 'k' The okro has overripen (Il n ti k)
overtake: (i) 'b' I overtook him (Mo b a) (ii) 'y' He overtook me ( y m).
owe: 'je. ' He owed me some money ( je. m lw)
own: 'ni' He is the one who owns the money (un ni ni ow n) (ii) 'ti' The book is not
his own (w n k s. e tir.).
Pp
pack: 'kn' People packed the classroom (r kn in kls n).
paddle: 't' Paddle your canoe (Tu ok . . r.e).
pain: (i) 'dn' He has a pain in his back (yn . n dn n) (ii) 'ro' He has a pain in his back
(yn
. n ro ) (iii) 'ta' He has a pin in his head (Or n ta ).
paint: 'kn' He painted the house ( kun il n).
palpitate: 'j' His heart is palpitating (y r. n j)
pare: 'r' He pared off its surface ( r e lr)
paste: (i) 'l. ' Paste up the notice (L.e kys n).
patch: 'l. ' Patch the tyre with a rubber (Fi rb . l.e ty n).
patter: 'r' . Rain was pattering onto the iron roof (j n r. s or pn n).
pay: (i) 'san' He paid his money ( san ow r. ) (ii) 'p' Sheep farming pays (sn . gtn
p) (iii) 'gb' Teaching profession pays some people (I.s. olk. gbe won . nyn
kan) (iv) 'b' He has called to pay him his respect ( ti w lti bu w . . fn un) (v)
'w' He paid him a visit ( w r i).
peal: 'l' The Church bells were pealing (won . agogo s. . .. s n n l).
peck: 'so'. The bird pecks the tree (Ey. . e n fi e. nu so. igi).
pedal: 'w' The boy pedalled away on his bicycle (Om . oknrin
. n wa k. k. r. lo).
.
peel: (i) 'b' He peeled off the back of the orange ( bo osn) . (ii) 'be. ' He peeled the yam
( be. i.su n) (iii) 'h' He peeled oranges ( h osn). .
penetrate: 'gn' The needle penetrated the skin of her finger (Ab. rj gn un n ka).
people: 'a' People don't grow old without getting married (A k dgb m lya).
per: 'n' They used to work one hour per day (Wn . ma n s. i.s. fn wkt kan n ojm). .
perceive: 'gb' . He perceived a smell ( gb. rn)
perch: 'b' Bird perched on the branch (won . e. y.e b l . ka n).
perforate: 'lu' The paper was perforated (Wn . lu bb n).
perform: '.s' The children performed a play (won . om. od
. s. e er kan).
perish: (i) 'gb' He perished on the water ( gb s oj omi) (ii) 'run' The whole family
has perished (Gbogbo dl ti run) (iii) 'k' The corn plants all perished (Gbogbo
igi gbdo n k).
person: 'ni' He saw us ( r ni).
persuade: 'r' . He persuaded him from doing the job ( r. . k ma s. e i.s. n).
pet: (i) 'g.' He petted me ( g. m) (ii) 'k. ' He pets me ( k. mi).
pick: (i) '.s' I picked them from the ground (Mo s. won . nl.) (ii) 'j' He picked vegetable
leaves ( j . f) . (iii) 're' He picked pepper ( re ata) (iv) 't' . He picked out leaves
from the vegetables one by one ( t . . f) . (v) 'hn' He picked vegetable ( han .
f)
. (vi) 'he' He picked it ( he ) (vii) 'te' They collected (picked) them in ones
and twos (Wn . t jo) . (viii) 'r'
. He is picking the ones he likes ( n s. , n r) .
(ix) 'm' Pick up your hat (M fl re) . (x) 'gb' He stopped his car and picked up a
boy ( d k r. dr s gb om . oknrin
. kan).
pierce: (i) 'lu' She has her ear pierced (Wn . lu et r.) (ii) 'gn' The arrow pierced his arm
(Of
. n gn un lp) (iii) 'gb' Her shriek pierced the air (Ariwo r. gba in af.f. )
 (iv) 'w' . A ray of light pierced the darkness (tnsn in kan wo. in knkn).
pinch: (i) 'fn' These shoes pinch me (won . bt y fn mi) (ii) 'm' He is pinched with
cold (Ott m un) (iii) 'ta' He is pinched with poverty ( s. n ta ) (iv) 'j'
(colloq.) Who pinched my pen? (Ta l. j p. . n mi?) (v) 'mu' You will be pinched
(by the police) if you are not careful (won . olp
. y m o. t o k b sra)..
pipe: (i) 'm' He piped water into his house ( m omi (. ro) . wo. il r.) (ii) He piped
water into his house ( fa omi (.ro) . wo. il r.).
pique: 'yn' He piqued himself on being punctual ( yin ara r. fn s. .se nnkan lsk).
pitch: (i) 'k' . The boys pitched a tent (won . om . oknrin
. n k. t.nt) (ii) 'd' The man
pitched his old clothes into the river (Oknrin. n da won . a.so. r. t ti gb sn
omi).
pity: 'dn' It is a pity that you have to go so soon ( dn w p o ti yra tt n lo). .
place: (i) 'fi' He placed a book in front of her ( fi w kan s iwj r . ) (ii) 'gb' He
placed a box in front of her ( gb pt kan s iwj r.).
pierce: (i) 'l' He pierced the paper ( lu w n) (ii) 'ta' I pricked my pimples (Mo ta if .
n mi).
plait: 'd' She plaited her hair ( di irun r. ).
plant: 'gbn' He planted beans ( gbin er).
plaster: '.sn' He plastered the wall with cement where it was dilapidated ( sn giri n
ibi t ti ya).
play: (i) 'j. ' The goat is playing around (Ewr. n n j. kiri) (ii) 't. ' He is playing on the
harmonium ( n t.e dr) (iii) 'ta' They played the ay game (Wn . ta ay) (iv) 'fo.
n' They played a woodwind (Wn . fon. fr) (v) '.se' They played hhide and seek
game (Wn . n s. e bojboj) (vi) 'fun' They played a woodwind (Wn . fun fr) (vii)
'l' They played a violin (Wn . lo faoln) (viii) 'gb' They played football (Wn .
gb b. l)
. (ix) 'l' They played the drum (Wn . lu l).
pleasant: 'dn' The food was pleasant to the taste (Onje. n dn l. nu (Onj.e n dn n
ttw)).
please: (i) 'w' It pleases me ( w m) (ii) 'y' Please, do it for me (Y, b mi s. e ) (iii)
'wn' It pleases me ( wn m).
plentiful: 'p' . The grass is plentiful in our town (Korko p. n l wa).
plenty: 'b' Leaves are plenty on the rk tree (Igi rk n b).
pluck: (i) 'k' He plucked the orange ( k osn . n) (ii) 'j' He plucked oranges ( j o.
sn)
point: 'n' He pointed his fingers at me ( nka s mi)
poke: (i) 'k' He (poked the fire) arranged the burning stick so as to get a good
temperature ( k in) (ii) 'r' He poked the fire ( r in).
polish: 'kn' He polished the shoes ( kun won . bt n).
pos: '.se' He posed as a policeman ( s. e b ol . p).
.
possess: 'ni' He lost all that he possessed (Gbogbo nnkan t ni ni ti son). .
pound: (i) 'w' . He pounded the beans ( w. er n) (ii) 'gn' He pounded the yams (
gn iyn) (iii) 't' . He bent over while pounding the yams ( te. iyn) (iv) 'r' . The
pounded yam is well pounded (Iyan n r) .
pour: (i) 'ro'. He poured water into the bottle ( ro. omi sn g) (ii) 't' He poured water
 into it ( t omi s i) (iii) 'd' He poured water outside ( da omi s ta) (iv) 'd'
The baby poured out some of the food he took (Om . o. n d) (v) 'r' . The rain
poured down (j r. sl.).
praise: (i) 'yn' He praised him ( yn n) (ii) 'ki' He praised the man ( ki oknrin . n).
prefix: (i) 'a' To cut (be. ) ---> razor (abe. ) (ii) '' To arrive (b) . ---> arrived (b) . (iii) 'e. '
To carry (ru) ---> a load ( e. r) (iv) '' To think (ro) ---> thought (r) (v) ' . '
Worship (sn) ---> religion (. sn) (vi) '' To be angry (bn) ---> anger (bn), to
bundle (d) a bundle (d) (vii) 'i' To die (k) ---> death (ik) (viii) 'o' To be old
(gb) ---> old age (ogb) (ix) '' to play (.ser) ---> actor (.sr) (x) '' . To be lazy
(l.e) ---> a lazy person (l. . e) (xi) 'o'
. To be wise (gbn) . ---> wisdowm (ogb . n)
. (xii)
'e' To carry (gb) ---> a charm that carries one (egb).
pregnant: (i) 'gn' The goat is pregnant (Ewr . n ti gn) (ii) 'y' This woman is
pregnant (Obnrin y ti yn).
prepare: (i) 'w' He is preparing food ( n wa onj.e) (ii) 't. ' He prepared cassava flour (.
b) ( t e. b)
. (iii) ' s. ' It is preparing (going) to rain (j ti s. ) (iv) 'r' He
prepared vegetables ( ro . f). .
present: (i) 'w' There were only ten boys present (Om . oknrin
. m. w pr l w).
preserve: 'w' God preserves the child (Ol . run
. wo om
. o. n)
press: (i) 'kn' He is pressed for time (Oj n kn an) (ii) 'rn' He pressed it down ( rn n
ml. . ) (iii) 't. ' He pressed the door bell ( te. aago t w l. nu n . (iv) 't' The
children are pressing each other as they tried to get out quickly (w on . om. od
. n
n ti ara won . b wn . s. e n gbynj titt jde).
previously: 'r' He was there before (previously) ( lo. s ib. r).
prick: (i) 'gn' A thorn pricked him in the leg (gn . gn un l. s . ) (ii) 'sn' A thorn
pricked my hand (gn . sn mi lw. )..
print: 't. ' He printed the book ( t.e w n).
proceed: (i) 'pn' . They continue (proceed) on their journey (Wn . m n . pn) . (ii) 'lo'.
They proceeded slowly (Wn . rora
. n lo)..
produce: (i) 'yo' . The maize produces very well (gbdo n yo. om . o. dada) (ii) '.se' The
factory produces cars (Il-i.s. n n s. e ok . . ayk.
. l.) (iii) 'yo'
. Trees produce leaves
(Igi ma n yo. ew).
proficient: 'm' . She is proficient at taking photographs ( mo. ft . y).
profitable: 'gb' The business was profitable to all of us (w n gbe gbogbo wa).
progressive marker: (i) 'n' I am going there (Mo n lo. sb.) (ii) 'm' I am going with him
(Mo n b a lo) .
pronounce: 'p' He pronounced my name wrongly ( si orko. mi p).
propel: 't' He propelled the boat ( tu ok . ).
.
proper: (i) 'y.e' You aren't wearing proper clothes for walking on mountains (O k wo. a.so.
t y.e fn rnrn lr k) (ii) 't' . You arent wearing proper clothes for walking in
the rain (O k wo. a.so. t t. fn rnrn nn j).
protrude: 'ta' His teeth protrude (Eyn r. ta).
provide: (i) 'fn' We provided them with food (A fn won . n oun1j.e) (ii) 't' You can go
provided that you come home before dark (O l lo. t o b ti ma d k il. t s. ).
provoke: 't' . He provoked me ( t. mi)
prudent: 'gbn' . The teacher is very prudent (Olk. n gbn . gan-an).
puff: 'f' He puffed at his cigarette ( n fa sg r.).
pull: (i) 'j' He pulled it off ( j a kr) (ii) 'yo'
. He pulled it out ( yo. . sta) (iii) 'f' He
pulled it ( f ) (iv) 'w' . He pulled him ( w. o) . (v) 'w' The pulled down the
house (Wn . w il n) (vi) 'b'
. He pulled off his shirt ( b. s. t r. (vii) 'w'
. He
pulled on his new shirt ( wo. s. t r. tuntun).
punmp: 'pon' . She pumped water into the drum ( pon . omi sn dr. m. n) (ii) 'p'
.
Pump up the tyre (P. ty n).
punch: 'lu' He punched two holes in the tin of oil ( lu ih mj s ara agolo epo n).
puncture: 'gn' The needle punctured her skin (Abr. . n gn un lra).
puny: 'rn' This child is puny (Om . o. y rn).
purchase: 'r' The victory was purchased with the people's blood (j. . won. nyn ni a fi
ra .sgun
. n).
pure: 'm' . The water is pure (Omi n m). .
pursue: 'l' They pursued him to the river (Wn . l e d d od).
push: (i) 't' He pushed me ( t m) (ii) 'b' He pushed me ( b m) (iii) 'r ' . He pushed
the vehicle on to the road ( r. mt . n s oj n). (iv) They pushed the five
together (Wn . ko in).
put: (i) 'd; He put a lid on the plate ( d ab. n) (ii) 'g.' She put on her head-kerchief
in a jaunty way ( ge. gl) (iii) 'fi' Put it there (Fi i sb.) (iv) 'pa' They put out the
light (Wn . pa in) (v) 'w'. He puts on his clothes ( wo. . w r. ) (vi) 'b'
. Ade puts
his garment on (Ad bo. . w) (vii) 'tn' The light has been put on (In ti tn) (viii)
'd' He puts on his cap ( d fl r. ) (xi) 'r' She puts on her wrapper ( r a.so) .
(xii) 'gb' Put the box on the table (Gb pt n s or tbl) (xiii) 'y' Put the
sentence into Yoruba (Y gblhn y s Yorb) (xiv) 'k' He puts the books
colletively on the table ( k won . w n l or tbl) (xv) 'w' She puts on her
headkerchief ( w gl r. ).

Qq
quake: 'gbn'
. He was quaking with fear (b. r n j. k gbn).
.
quarrel: 'j' They are quarrelling (Wn . n j).
quench: 'pa' It was the cold water that quenched his thirst (Omi tt ni pa ngbe. r.).
question marker: (i) 'ha' Did you do it? (wo ha s. e npa y?) (ii) 'ti' What's your
concern about this? (Tr.e ti j.?) (iii) '.s' Did you go? (S
. o lo?)
. (iv) 'd' Where is
the book? (w n d?) (v) 'b' Did he go? ( lo. b?) (vi) 'k' What is your name?
(k ni orko. r.e?) (vii) 'ta' Who is that? (Ta ni y.en?) (viii) 'dan' Has he gone? ( ti
lo. dan?) (ix) 'k. ' Has he gone? ( ti lo. k.?).
queue: 't' They queue for food (Wn . t fn onje). .
quick: 'y' I was quick at my work (I.s. mi y mi).
Rr
race: 'kn' He raced along ( kn lo)..
rain: 'r'
. It rained (j r).
.
raise: 'n' He raised his fingers up ( na ka r. s k).
ram: 'k' They ram down the soil (Wn . ki il.).
rank: 'k' I rank footballing as the most important game (Mo ka b. l . f.s.gb s er t
s. e ptk j).
ransack: 'w' They ransacked the shop for the ball (Wn . w (in) s. . b
. n fn b. l
. (t
wn . son)).
.
rapid: 'y' The most rapid way of getting to our village is by lorry ( n . t y j lti d
oko wa ni npa wwo. ok . ).
.
rattle: 'j' She rattled the coins in the tin ( ji won . ow in agolo n).
reach: (i) 'd' I have reached the place (Mo ti d ib. ) (ii) 't' My hands reach the top of
the table (Ow . . mi t or tbl) (iii) 'n' He reached his hand out for the bottle (
na ow . . lti m g n).
read: 'k' He read his book ( ka w r. ) .
ready: 'y' I am ready to go ( y mi lti lo). .
rear: 'w' She reared her child until the child grew up ( wo omo . r. dgb).
receive: 'gb' When did you receive the leter? (Ngb wo ni o gba l. t n?).
recite: (i) 'k' He recited his descriptive names ( k ) (ii) 'rn' He recited the Ifa verse (
ran1 If).
reckon: 'k' Do you still reckon him as one of your friends? (S . o s k s kan . nn
won . r.. r.e?).
recognize: 'm ' . Everyone recognizes that Ol is the oldest boy in the class (Gbogbo
nyn ni m. p Ol ni om . oknrin
. t dgb j nn kls n).
record: 'k' We made a (tape) recording of the song (A k orin n s tp).
recover: 'sn' He is gradually recovering his health ( n sn n b) .
recur: 'rn' The pain I had last year has recurred (Es. . mi odn
. t koj
. n rn mi)
red: (i) 'pn'. It is red ( pn) . (ii) 'r.' The flower is bright red (dd n r. dd).
reduce: (i) 'dn' He reduced the price of the good ( dn ow oj . n) (ii) 'd.' My cough
has become reduced (Ik . mi ti d . ) (iii) 'f' The boil on his body has reduced
(Owo r. ti f) (iv) 'rn' The plate is reduced to pieces (wo n rn).
refuse: 'k' . He refused to go ( k. lti lo) .
regard: 'k' We regard him as one of our cleverest students (A k s kan . nn won.
akk . . . wa t mw
. j).
reject: 'k' . We rejected his proposals (A ko. won . b r.).
rejoice: 'y' . They rejoiced when they won a lottery (Wn . y. ngb t wn . j.e tt.
. ).
relate: (i) 'pa' He told me a riddle ( pl. fn mi) (ii) 'r' He related everything to him (
r gbogbo r. fn un) (iii) 'tan' They are related (Wn . tan).
relay: 'j. ' He relayed a message for him ( j. i.s. fn un).
release: (i) 'g' . He released the harmer of his gun ( go. bon . r.) (ii) 't' He was released
from captivity (Wn . t u nn gbkn).
remark: 'n' 'That is where Ol lives, she remarked ( n, 'b. y.en ni Ol n gb').
remain: 'k' It remains three ( ku m.ta)
remove: (i) 'hu' He removed the hair from the hide ( hu aw o) . (ii) 't' He removed
cooked yam from the pot ( t i.su lr in)
replete: 'y' My appetite is satisfied (I am replete with food) (Mo ti y).
reply: 'j' . I called him, he did not reply at all (Mo p e, ko ti. j. mi rr).
reproduce: 'b' Cats reproduce twice a year (Olgb ma n bmo. n . . mj ldn). .
rescue: 'yo'. We rescued the boy who fell into the river (A yo. om . oknrin
. t k s in
od).
require: 'gb' Four months are required for completing it ( gba o.s m.rin lti par r.).
resemble: 'jo' . He resembles me ( jo. m).
return: (i) 'd' My son returned yesterday (Om . o. mi d ln) (ii) 'b' . I was returning
home from school when I saw him (Mo n b. nl lti il-w ni mo r i) (iii) 'fn' I
returned him all the money I owed him (Mo fn un n gbogbo ow t mo je. . ).
revive: 'j' They revived the girl (Wn . j om. obnrin
. n).
revolt: 'r' He stirred up revolt in the town ( r l).
revolve: 'y' The car wheels revolve (Es . . k n n y).
rewarding: 'p' My work is rewarding (I.s. mi p).
rich: 'l' He is rich ( l).
ride: 'gn' He rode a bicycle ( gun k. k.).
rig: 'k'
. We rigged up a small hut in our garden (A k. ab kker kan sn ogb . wa).
right: (i) 't'
. This is the right way to write a letter (n . t t. lti ko. l.t n y) (ii) 'ye. '
This is the right way to write a letter (n . t y.e lti ko. l.t n y).
ring: (i) 'lu' The bell rang (Agogo l) (ii) 'p' I rang Ol (Mo pe Ol (lr fn)) (iii)
'dn' The telephone is ringing (Fn n dn).
rinse: '.sn' He rinsed the clothes ( s. an a.so).
.
rip: 'ya' He ripped his shirt on a nail (.s ya s. t r.).
ripe: (i) 'gb' The maize has ripen (gbdo n ti gb) (ii) 'p n' . The mangoes were
ripening (won . mng n n pn).
.
rise: (i) 'r' The smoke is rising (fn n n r) (ii) 'yo' . The sun rose at seven o'clock
(Orn yo. n aago mje) (iii) 'j' I don't rise early (N k tt j) (iii) 'f' The bird
rose high above the sky (Ey.. e n f sk lj furuf).
roam: 'y' We roamed around the town (A y gboro k).
roar: 'b' The lion roared (Knn n b)
roast: (i) 'yan' He roasted some meat ( yan e. ran) (ii) 'sun' He roasted he meat ( sun e.
ran n).
roll: 'k' He rolled up the mat ( k e. n)
roof: 'b' We roofed our house (A bo il wa).
roost: 'w'. The chicken went to roost (Ady.e n w) .
rob: 'j' The man robbedf me of fifty naira (Oknrin. n j mi n dta. nr).
roll: (i) 'y' The ball rolled away (B. l
. n y lo) . (ii) 'k' He rolled the paper up ( k
bb n)
root: 'f' What is the root of the trouble between you and Ol? (K ni fa whl t w
lrin wo. ti Ol?).
rot: 'w' It has rotted ( ti w)
rotate: 'y' The earth rotates the sun (Ay n y rn po).
rotten: 'r' This meat is rotten/putrid (Eran
. y r)
rough: (i) 'r' The river is rough (Od y n r sk) (ii) 'le' The child was very rought ( O.
mo. n le gan-an).
round: (i) '.s' It is round ( s. u (rbt) (ii) 'po' The earth turns round (Ay n y po) (iii)
 'k' They walked round for one hour (Wn . rn k fn wkt kan).
row: 't' They rowed a boat (Wn . tu ok . ).
.
rub: (i) 'ra' He rubbed his leg with oil ( fi epo ra e. s. r.) (ii) 'pa' I rubbed my hands with
oil (Mo fi epo pa ow. mi) (iii) 'w' . He rubbed it with some medicine ( fi ogn
w. o)
. (iv) 'n' She rubbed his shoes with a cloth ( fi a.so. nu bt r. (v) 'yn' He
rubbed the mosquito bite ( yn ibi t . fon. ti j.e . ).
rule: 'f' He ruled a line under his name ( fa l s ab. orko. r.).
rumble: (i) 'k' The sky is rumbling (showing that it may rain) (j n k) (ii) 'kn' His
stomach is rumbling (In r. n kn)
run: (i) 'fn'
. He took to his heels ( fn . n)
. (ii) 'du' He rushed away ( du lo) . (iii) 'gb'
He ran after me ( gb t m) (iv) 'tu' He ran off ( tu) (v) 's' He ran away ( s
lo)
. (vi) 'di' The river has run dry (Omi n ti di gbgb e/Omi . n ti gb.e) (vii) 'y'
The wall runs round the village (giri n y abl n po (viii) 'b' The colour in
my new dress ran (Aw. a.so. mi tuntun b/A.so. mi tuntun b) (ix) 'tn' We have ran
out of sugar (Sg wa ti tn) (x) 'so' . The lorry ran into a wall (Ok . . n so. m.
giri).
rush: 'r'
. They rushed out (Wn . r. lo)
.

Ss
sad: 'dn' I am very sad to hear that your father has died ( dn m lti gb. p bb re. ti
k).
sadden: 'dn' I was saddened by the news of his death (ryn ik r. dn m).
sag: 'jn' The bed sags down in the middle (B. . d n jn sn lrin).
sail: '.s' He sailed the boat ( s. ok . . n).
salty: 'j' This soup is too salty (Iy. j ob. . y).
satisfy: (i) 't' The meat satisfied me (Eran . n t mi) (ii) 'y' The food satisfied me
(Onje. n y mi).
save: (i) 'l' God saved him (Ol . run
. l ) (ii) 'gb' Save me (Gb m).
saw: 'yn' They saw the plank with a saw (Wn . fi ayn yun pk n).
say: (i) 'n' He said he was coming ( n un n b) . (ii) 'p' He said he was coming ( p
un n b)
. (iii) 'w' What do you say? (K lo w?) (iv) '.se' He said hello to him ( s.
e n p. l.) (v) 'so'
. What is he saying? (K ni n so?). .
scarce: 'wn' . It is scarce ( wn)..
scatter: 'fn'. He scattered the beans on the ground ( fn . er s or il. ).
scoop: (i) 'gbn' . He scooped water out of the pot ( gbn . omi kr nn kk) (ii) 'w' . I
scooped the pawpaw (Mo wo. b.p.e).
scorch: 'j' This food has become scorched (Onje. y ti j).
scramble: (i) 'd' We scrambled for the money (A du ow n) (ii) 'f' The child
scrambled up the hill (Om . o. n f gun k n).
scrape: 'f' He scrapped out the remaining of the soup and threw it away ( f ob . . n
dn) (ii) 'b' He fell and scraped his leg ( sub s b n e. s.) (iii) 'gb. ' He
scraped out a hole ( gb. ih) (iv) 'ha' Scrape the mud off your shoes with a knife
(Fi b.
. e ha bt ara bt re. kr).
scratch: (i) 'h o' . I scratched where it itched me (Mo h o. ibi t n hn mi) (ii) 'ti' He
scratched it with his nails and ate it ( fi knn ti je. ) (iii) 'hn' He scratched
the mosquito bite on his leg ( hn ibi t . bon . ti j.e . l. s. ) (iv) 'yn' He scratched
 the mosquito bite on his leg ( yun1 ibi t . fon . ti j.e . l. s.).
scream: (i) 'han' He screamed ( han) (ii) 'k' He screamed ( k).
scrub: (i) 'kn' He scrubbed my back ( kn mi lyn) . (ii) 'f'
. Scrub the floor (Fo. il.).
seal: 'l'
. Seal the envelope (L.e p w n).
search: 'w' I searched everywhere for my book but I could not find it (Mo w gbogbo ibi
fn w mi s. gbn . n k r i).
see: (i) 'r' He saw me ( r mi) (ii) 'y' I don't see what you mean (Ohun t o n so. k y
mi) (iii) 'w' See who is at the door (Wo e. ni t w l.nu n) . (iv) 'k' I see that
the governor is coming to our town (Mo (r i) k p gmn n b. n l wa) (v) 'b'
See me home (B mi d il) (vi) 'sn' I was seen off by my friend ( r. . mi sn m
sn)
. (vii) 'j' We saw through his pack of lies (A h won . ir. r.).
seek: 'w' He sought answers to the questions ( w dhn s won . br n).
seem: 'jo' . It seems to be the case ( jo. b.. ).
seep: 'kn' Water seeped out of the bowl (Omi kn jde lti in abn. n).
segment: 'g' He segmented the word into segments ( g r . . n s g).
select: 'yn' I was selected for the school football team (Wn . yn m m. won . t n gb
b. l
. fn il-w n).
sell: 't' He sold her wares ( ta oj . r.).
send: (i) 'rn' He sent him on an errand ( rn an n.s. ) (ii) 't. ' He sent a telegram ( t e.
wy).
separate: 'y' They have separated them (Wn . ti y wn).
.
serve: 'sn' She was serving the man ( n sin oknrin . n).
set: (i) 'w' . The sun has set (Orn ti w) . (ii) 'kn' He set fire on the bush ( kun gb. )
(iii) '.s' He set out for Lagos ( s. lo. s k) (iv) '.s' Set a match to that piece of
paper (S . .sn s bb y.en) (iv) 'so'
. Set fire to that piece of paper (So. in s bb
y.en) (iv) 'so' . Set fire to that piece of paper (So. in s bb y.en) (vi) 't' Set the
papers in order (To w on . bb ye. n l w . . w
. ). (vii) 'f' What has set the dog
barking? (K ni f t aj n fi n gb?) (viii) 'j. ' The news set me thinking
(ryn n j. k n ma ron) (ix) 't. ' They set the food before me (Wn . t. oun1je.
n s iwj mi) (x) 'fn' He set the labourers to cut wood ( fn won . lbr n
ngi g) (xi) 'j' Don't set the house on fire (M jo il n) (xii) 'de. ' He set the
trap for the rat ( de. tkt fn eku n) (xiii) 'yn' What books have been set for
the examination? (w on . w wo ni w n . yn fn dnw n? (xiv) 'l ' . The
carpenter sets his saw (Kfn-nt n lo. ayn r.) (xv) 'pa' He sets up a yell ( pa
ariwo) (xvi) 'd' The rainy season has set in (sk j ti d) (xvii) 'l' . Set the
young flowers at one foot apart (L. won . dd w. w. n n e. s. bt k. kan . s
ara won) . (xviii) 'jn' The house is well set back from the road (Il n jn s tt)
(xix) 'n' The book set me back N20 (w n n mi n ogn nr).
settle: (i) 'd' He settled at bdn ( d s bdn) (ii) 'b' The bird settled on a branch ( E.
y.e n b sr . ka igi) (iii) 'w'
. The cold has settled on his chest (tt ti w. s i
ly) (iv) 'f. ' What have you settled to do about it? (K ni o f. lti s. e npa r.?) (v)
'san' Settle your bill (San ow t o j e. ) (vi) 'gb' I had hoped to get N100 for the
book but I had to settle for N80 (Og . rn-n
. nr ni mo f. ta w n s. gbn . mo
w gba og . rin
. nr).
sever: (i) 'g' He severed the head of the goat from its body ( g or ewr. n kr n
ara r. ) (ii) 'j' The rope severed (Okn n j).
severe: 'le' The teacher is too severe on the pupil (Olk. n ti le j fn ak. k. . n).
sew: (i) 'rn' He sew the cloth ( rn a s. o. n) (ii) 'so' . He sewed together the broken
calabash ( so. igb n) (iii) 'ta' He sewed the buton of his shirt on ( ta b tnn . s.
t r.).
sex: (i) 'd' (colloquial) He had sexual intercourse with her ( d o) (ii) 'm o' . He had
sexual intercourse with his wife ( mo. yw r. ) (iii) 'l' (slang) He had sexual
intercourse with her ( l )
shake: (i) 'b' . He shook hands with him ( b. . lw . ). (ii) 'gbn'
. He shook his head (
gbon . or) (iii) 'j' He shook it ( j ) (iv) 'm' He is shaking the tree ( n mi igi
n) (v) 'gb' He shook the tree ( gbo igi n) (vi) 'gb n' . He shook his head o
say 'No' ( gbon . or r. lti so. p 'Rr').
shall: (i) '' We shall go (A lo) (ii) '' I shall go (N lo) . (iii) 'l' You shall not have it, it
is mine (K l di tr.e, tmi ni).
shame: (i) 'h' . He said shame on me ( s. e h. mi) (ii) 't. ' He has been put to shame ( ti
t.)
shape: '.s' He shaped the clay into a ball ( s. u am. n rbt).
share: (i) 'san' Let me go shares with you in the bus fare (J. k n lo. b o. san nn ow b.
s
. n) (ii) 'pn' Share out N100 among five people (Pn og . rn-n
. nr fn
nyn mrn-n).
sharp: 'm' The knife is sharp (b. . e n m)
sharpen: (i) 'pn' . He sharpened it ( pn . on)
. (ii) 'gb. ' He sharpened the pencil ( gb. l.
. d n).
shave: 'f' He shaved his hair ( f irun r. ).
she: '' She went here ( lo. sb.).
shed: 'b' . The people shed their clothes (won . nyn n b. a.so. won). .
shell: 'pa' They shelled palmnuts (Wn . pa kr) .
shift: 'sn' He shifted for him ( sn fn un)
shine: (i) 'rn' The sun is shinning (Orn n rn) (ii) 'ko' . The shoes shine (won . bt n
n ko).
shiver: 'gbn' . He is shivering ( n gbn) .
shoot: (i) 'j' As the car hit the tree, the occupants were shot out (B k n ti for s ogi, .
ju won . t w nn r. sta) (ii) 'so' . As the car hit the tree, the occupants were
shot out (B k n ti for sogi, . so. won . t w nn r. sta) (iii) 'lo'
. Rents have
shot up (Ow il ti lo. sk) (iv) 'ga' Ol is shooting up fast (Ol tt n ga s i) (v)
'w' Rose bushes shot again after being out (Igb dd rs tn w l. yn t wn .
ti g e) (vi) 'h' Rose bushes shot again after being cut (Igb dd rs tn h l.
yn t wn . ti g e) (vii) 'ta' He shot the arrow ( ta of). (viii) 'yn' He shot the gun
( yin bon) . (ix) 'yn' He shot the gun ( yan bon) . (x) 'pa' The soldier was shot
for desertion (Wn . pa sj n fn ss t s).
shout: (i) 'f' . He is shouting out boastingly ( n f. t) (ii) 'k' He shouted with all his
power ( k tagbra tagbra)
show: 'hn' She had torn her dress under the arm, but it didn't show ( ti ya . w r. n
 aby s. gbn . k hn).
show off: 'r' . The boy is showing off (Om . oknrin
. n n r).
.
shred: 'ya' The dog shredded the piece of paper (Aj n ya bb n).
shrewd: 'be. ' That boy is too shrewd (Om . oknrin
. y.en be)
.
shirek: 'k' He shrieked as he snake came towards her ( k ngb t ej n n b. ld . . r.
).
shrug: (i) 'so' . She shrugged her shoulder ( so. jk) (ii) 'gn' She shrugged her shoulder
( gn jk).
shudder: 'gbn' . He shudders when he sees the snake ( n gbn . ngb t r ej n).
shut: 't' He shut the door ( ti l.kn n).
sick: (i) 'b' Ol was sick when he ate too much pounded yam (Ol b ngb t j e. iyn n
jej)
. (ii) 'r. ' His father was sick ( re. bb r. ).
sieve: (i) 'k' He sieved the yam powder ( ku lb. n) (ii) 'j' . He sieved the yam flour
( jo. lb. n),
sift: (i) 'j'
. He sifted the yam flour ( jo. lb. n) (ii) 's.' He sifted out starch from
pounded corn ( s. g) (iii) 'k' He sifted the yam flour ( ku lb. n).
sight: 'r' I caught sight of an empty seat (Mo r jk t k s nyn lr r. ).
silent: 'w' . He kept silent ( w. sin).
sing: (i) 'ko'. He sang a song ( ko. orin) (ii) 'w' He singed it ( w )
sink: (i) 'r' The ship sank into the river (Ok . . n r sn od) (ii) 'w' . The water sank into
the ground (Omi n wo. in il.).
situate: (i) 'w' The house is situated on a hill (Or k ni il n w) (ii) 'k ' . They
situated the factory near the town (Wn . k. il-i.s. n s . gb. l).
sir: 's' I thank you, sir (Mo dp. s).
sketch: 'y' He sketched a diagram ( ya wrn kan).
skid: (i) 'y'. The car skidded on a pool of oil (K n y. lr adgn epo (ii) 'y' . The car
skidded on a pool of oil (K n y. lr adgn epo).
skim: 'r' He skimmed the water off its surface ( r omi or r. ).
skin: 'b' I skinned the snake (Mo b awo. ej).
skinny: 'tin' The man has a skinny arm (Oknrin . n tin lp).
slack: (i) 'r.' She feels slack this morning ( r. . lr. y) (ii) 't. ' The rope is stretch
tightly, it hung slack in the water (Won . k fa okn n ro, th s in omi).
slant: 't' The ladder was slanted against the wall (Wn . fi b n ti giri).
slap: 'gb' He slapped my ears ( gb mi lt).
slaughter: 'd' He slaughtered it ( d u) (ii) 'pa' He slaughtered it ( pa ).
sleep: 'sn' He slept ( sn).
slender: 'tin' He has a slender arm (Ap r. tin).
slew: 'd' They slew the babies on their backs round the front (Wn . da won . om
. o. n).
slice: (i) 'r. ' He sliced the vegetable ( r. . f. n) (ii) 'g' He sliced the beef thin ( g e.
ran n kkk).
slide: (i) 'y'. He slid down the shiny floor ( y. lo. lr il. t n dn) (ii) 'y' . He slid down
the shiny floor ( y. lo. lr il. t n dn).
slimy: (i) 'y' . A worm feels slimy when you touch it (Ara ekl ma n y. t a b fow . .
kn n) (ii) 'y'. A worm feels slimy when you touch it (Ara ekl ma n y. t a b
 fow
. . kn n).
sling: 'j' He slung his book on the table ( ju w r. s or tbl).
slip: (i) 'y' . He slipped and fell ( y. sub) (ii) 'y' . He slipped and fell ( y. sub) (iii)
'b'. The fish slipped out of his hand (Eja . n b. n ow . . r. ) (iv) 'w'
. He slipped
into a dress ( wo. . w kan) (v) 'b' . He slipped out of a dress ( b. . w kan) (vi)
'fi' He slipped ten naira into his hand ( fi nr m. w b. . lw . ).
.
slippery: (i) 'y' . The floor is slippery (Il. n n y) . (ii) 'y'
. The floor is slippery (Il. n1
n y)..
slit: 'j' I slit open the better with a knife (Mo fi b. . e j l.t n).
slop: 's. ' The tea shopped into the saucer (T n s. s in ss). .
slough: 'b' . The snake sloughed its skin (Ej n bh . o)
.
slow: 'f' He is a bit slow ( f d. ).
sluggish: 'f' He is a sluggish person ( n f gl . )
.
slumber: (i) 'wo' Ade neither slept nor slumbered (Ad k sn, k wo) (ii) 'sn' They
slumbered away that afternoon (Wn . sn lo. n sn . oj
. . n).
smack: (i) 'l' He smacked him ( l ) (ii) 'n' He smacked him ( n n).
smart: 'ta' Iodine smarts when it is put on a cut (Ayodn ma n ta t a b fi s egb).
smash: 'f' . He smashed the plate ( f. wo).
smear: (i) 'fn' . They smeared the child's face with chocolate (Wn . fn . s. okolt s om
. o.
n lj) (ii) 'w n'. They smeared the child's face with chocolate (W n . wn . s.
okolt s omo
. n lj) (iii) 'b' His hands were smeared with blood (j. . b a l.
w)..
smell: (i) 'ta' It smells nice ( n ta snsn) (ii) 'rn' It is smelling ( n rn).
smile: 'rn' She smiled at the children ( rn s won . om. o. n).
smite: 'gb' His knees smote together (won . ornkn r. n gb ara won). .
smith: 'ro' . He smithed a hoe ( ro. ok . ).
.
smoke: 'mu' He smoked cigarettes ( mu sg).
smooth: 'dn' It is smooth ( dn).
smoother: 'b' I was smoothened in dust (Eruk b m).
snap: (i) 'kn' He snapped my stick ( kn igi mi) (ii) 'd' I snapped the stick into two
(Mo d igi n s mj) (iii) 'j' The rope snapped (Okn n j) (iv) 'y' He
snapped me ( y m (n ft)) . (v) 'yn' The dog snapped at him but did not bite
him (Aj n yn an s. gbn . k b je. ) (vi) 'k' The cheap shoes were quickly
snapped up (Wn . tt k won . bt t k wn . n) (vii) 'ta' He snapped his finger
at him ( ta ka s i).
sneak: 'y' . Where are you sneaking up to? (Nbo ni o n y. lo?). .
sneer: 'gn' He sneered at me ( gn m).
sneeze: 'sn' He snezed ( sn).
sniff: 'f' He sniffed up the snuff through the nostrils ( fa a.s n sh im).
soak: 're' . He soaked the clothes in water ( re. a.so. n sin omi).
soar: 'ga' The price of grain has soared because of war (Iye t wn . n ta gbdo ti ga ntor
ogun).
sober: 'd' He has recovered from his drunkenness (He is sober) (Oju r. ti d).
soft: (i) 'd. ' The orange is soft (Osn
. n d. ) (ii) 'r'
. The orange is soft (Osn . n r).
.
soften: 'r'. The earth softened (Il. r). .
soggy: 'rin' The rain has made the ground soggy (j n rin il) .
solder: 'j' He soldered them together ( j won . p)
.
solid: 'le' Gold is usually solid (Gl ma n sb le ni).
solidify: 'd' The water has solidified (Omi n ti d).
some: 'kan' Some girls are dancing (won . om. obnrin
. kan n j).
soothe: (i) 'r' . I soothed my son when he was crying (Mo ro. om . o. mi ngb t n sunkn)
(ii) 't' I soothed the man when he was angry (Mo tu oknrin . n ngb t n
bn).
sore: 'kan' My arm is sore where I was bitten by the mosquito (Ap t . fon . ti j.e m n kan
m).
sorry: 'dn' I am very sorry, I can't come to your party ( dn m, n k l w s pati re). .
sound: (i) 'r' The clock is making a tick-tock sound (Aago n n r ke. , k.e k.e) (ii) 'dn' It
sounds like a gun ( n dn b bon). .
sour: 'kan' The soup is sour (Ob. . n kan)
sow: (i) 's' He sowed the seeds ( s won . so n) (ii) 'gbn' He sowed rice ( gbin
rs).
spare: 'y' Spare me your money (Y mi lw re. ).
sparkle: (i) 'tn' Drops of water sparkles in the sun (ktn omi ma n tn nn rn)
(iii) 'dn' The diamond sparkled in the bright light (Dym nd . n n dn b in t
ml.. n s. e tn s i).
speak: (i) 'f' . He spoke to me ( f. s mi) (ii) 'b.e' (cheekly) He spoke cheekly to me (
b.e s mi) (iii) 'so'
. He can speak Yorb ( l so. Yorb).
spend: (i) 'n' He spent his money ( n ow r. ) (ii) 'l' I spent one hour at home (Mo lo
wkt kan nn il) (iii) 'fi' He spend all his time reading ( fi gbogbo kk r .
kw).
spicy: 'ta' I like spicy food (Mo f. rn onje. t b ta).
spilt: 'd' The water spilt over my book (Omi d s w mi).
spin: (i) 'gbn'. He is spinning his top ( n gbon . go) (ii) 'y' The tyres of the car were
spinning (round) won . ty k n n y (po)) (iii) 'ran' Spiders spin thread (Aln
takn n ran w).
spit: (i) 'tu' He spit out a fly which has flown into his mouth ( tu e s. in.sin t k s i l. nu
jde) (ii) 'b. ' They spit out saliva (Wn . b. it). (iii) 'p'
. The baby spat his food all
over the table (Om . o. n po. onj.e r. s gbogbo or tbl).
splash: (i) 'ta' Water splashes over my leg (Omi ta s mi l. s.) (ii) 'kn' The tap splashes
(Omi . ro. n kn) (iii) 'yn' Splash water on the floor (Yn omi sl. ).
split: (i) 'l' We split the wood (A la igi n) (ii) 'pn' We spli up the work between us (A
pn i.s. n lrin ara wa) (iii) 's' There is a split in the wood of this table (Igi
tbl y sn).
spot: (i) 'so' He has spots on his body (Ara r. so) (ii) 's' He has spots on his body (Ara r .
s) (iii) 'm' He spotted the winner in the race ( m e. ni t bor nn er je n)
(iv) 'r' He spotted his friend in a crowd ( r r. . r. lrin r).
sprain: (i) 's. ' He sprained my leg ( s. . mi n e. s. ) (ii) 'wn' . I sprained my leg (Es. . mi
wn)
. (iii) 'r'. He sprained his leg ( fi e. s. r)..
spray: 'fn' He sprayed the room with sheltox ( fi sheltox fn yr n)
spread: (i) 'k. ' The fire is spreading (In n n k.) (ii) 'f' The beans have spread out
(Er n ti f kl. ) (iii) 'rn' This disease has started spreading (sn y ti n rn)
(iv) 't. ' He spread out the mat ( t. e. n n) (v) 'n' The bird speads its wing (Ey. . e
n na y. r.).
spring: (i) 'r' The leaves are springing up (won . ew n ti n r b) . (ii) 'f' He sprang
up ( f sk) (iii) 'ta' The branch sprang back and hit me (ka . igi n ta pad s
b m) (iv) 'w' Weeds were springing up everywhere (Igb n w kkiri gbogbo
ibi).
sprinkle: (i) 'fn' . I sprinked water on it (Mo fn . omi s i) (ii) 'wn'
. He sprinkled water on
the ground ( wn . omi s il.)
sprout: (i) 'y o' . This yam has sprouted (I s. u y ti y o) . (ii) 's' The plants sprouted
abundantly (won . ew ok s) (iii) 'h' The grasses sprouted (won . korko n
h) (iv) 'so' . The tree sprouted leaves at the side (Igi n so. ew l. gb.. ).
squash: (i) 'f' . He squashed them together (to form a solid mass) ( f. won . p). (ii) 'fn'
These new shoes squash my feet up (won . bt tuntun y fn mi l. s.) (iii) 'f' .
The ripe tomatoes at the bottom of the box had been squashed (w on . tmt pp.
n t w n sl. pt n ti f).
.
squeak: (i) 'k' The rat squeaked and ran away (Eku n k s s lo) . (ii) 'dn' The door
squeaked when I opened it (l. kn n dn ngb t mo s. i).
squeeze: (i) 'p' . He squeezed himself into the house ( p. wol) . (ii) 'fn' He squeezed
my hand ( fn mi lw . ) . (iii) 'gbo' I squeezed the leaves in the water (Mo gbo
ew n nn omi).
stab: 'gn' He stabbed him with a knife ( gn un lb. . e)
stale: 'gan' The bread has gone stale (Br. d n ti gan).
stamp: 'pa' He stamped out the fire ( pa in n).
stand: (i) 'r' He stood in the front of his master ( r nwj g . r. ) (ii) 'so' The scar on
his leg stands out (p e. s. r. so) (iii) 'w' The house stands at the top of the hill
(Il n w n or k) (iv) '.se' Will you stand god mother for the child who is
being baptised? (S . o s. e y sm fn om. o. t f. gba btis?).
start: (i) 'd' It has started raining (j ti d) (ii) 'b. ' Trouble has started (rn . ti b.) (iii)
'.s' He started up a motor car ( s. ok. ).
.
state: (i) 'so'. He stated that he had bought the book ( s o. p un ti ra w n) (ii) 'n' He
stated that he had bought the book ( n un ti ra w n) (iii) 'p' He stated taht
he had bought the book ( p un ti ra w n) (iv) 'w' He stated that he had
bought the book ( w p un ti ra w n).
steal: (i) 'k' He stole their money ( ko ow won) . (ii) 'j' He stole my money ( j mi
lw) (iii) 'y' . He did good by stealth ( y. wo. yr n).
stealth: (i) 'y' . He did good by stealth ( y. rere s. e) (ii) 'j' He did good by stealth ( j
rere s. e).
stealthily: 'y' . He walked stealthily/furtively on tiptoe ( y. rn).
step: 't'
. He is stepping on the ground gently ( n t.e il. j.j.).
stern: 'le' His father is too stern (Bb r. ti le j).
stew: (i) 's' She stewed the meat ( se e. ran n) (ii) 'b' . She stewed the meat ( bo. e. ran
 n).
stick: (i) 'l. ' I stuck a stamp on the letter (Mo le. stnb m l. t n) (ii) 'gn' He stuck the
needle through his finger ( fi ab. r. gn ka r.) (iii) 'r' The tyre of the car stuck
in the mud (Ty k n r s in bt).
sticky: 'y' . The gum is thick and sticky (G. m. n n y)
.
stiff: 'le' The board is stiff (Ptk n le).
stiffen: 'wo' The small animal stiffened with fear as it saw the lion coming ( r . m e.
ranko kker n wo ngb t r knn t n b). .
stiffer: 'le' The examination was stiffer than I had expected (dnw n le ju b mo ti
lr t. l. ).
still: '.s' I still remember my first day at school (Mo s. rnt oj . . t mo kk
. . lo. s il-w).
sting: (i) 'j' The insect called 'pn' stung him (pn j o) (ii) 'ta' The bees sting him (Oyin
ta ).
stink: 'rn' The dead fish stinks (k e. ja n n rn).
stir: (i) 'ru' He stirred sediments in the water ( r om n) (ii) 'r' He stirred the soup on
the fire ( ro ob.
. n or in) (iii) 'mi' Not a leaf was stirring (Ew kankan k m)
(iv) 'p' He stirred his tea ( po t r.) (v) 'k' He stirred the fire ( ko in n).
stitch: 'ta' Have you stitiched your button onto your shirt? (S . o ti ta btnn
. r.e m. s. t
r.e?)
stock: 't' They do not stock yams, only rice (Won . k ta i.su, rs nkan ni).
stop: 'pa' They stopped drumming (Wn . pa l).
straight: (i) 'gn' It is straight ( gn) (ii) 't' . It is straight ( t) .
strain: (i) 'r' . He strained his leg ( r. l.s.) (ii) 'y'
. He has strained the tea - there are no
tea leaves in the cup ( ti yo. t n - k s ew t nn k. b . n) (iii) 'f' He
strained on the rope ( fa okn n).
stand: 'tn' He was stranded in a foreign country ( tn s il. jj).
stretch: (i) 'n' He stretched it out ( n n) (ii) 'ta' He stretched out a rope ( ta okn)
(iii) 'f' Rubber stretches (Rb
. ma n f).
strict: 'l' The teacher is very strict (T.s n le).
strike: (i) '.s' He strikes a match ( s sn) (ii) 'l' I struck him wqith my stick (Mo fi
igi mi l ) (iii) 'n' I struck him with my stick (Mo fi igi mi n n) (iv) 'gb' He
struck me on the chin ( gb mi lgbn). .
strip: 'b' . Ol stripped his shirt (Ol b. s. t r.).
stroll: 'rn' We stroll round the village (A rn y abl n k).
strong: (i) 'le' The liquor is strong (Ot . n le) (ii) 'r'. The rope is strong (Okn n r) .
stuck: (i) 'h' A bone got stuck in his throat (Eegn h a ln . fun)
. (iii) 'r' The car got
stuck in the mud (K n r sn e. r.).
study: 'k' . I am studying art (Mo n k. wrn yy).
stuff: (i) 'kn' The bed was stuffed with cotton (B. . d n kn fn w) (ii) 'd' My nose
is stuffed up (Im mi d); I stuffed up a hole (Mo d ih).
stupid: (i) 'd. ' He has a stupid character ( d. ) (ii) 'g' . He is stupid ( g) . (iii) 'f' He is
very stupid ( f pp). .
submit: 'fn' I submitted my paper to the teacher (Mo fn olk. n n w mi).
subside: 'r' . The storm began to subside (j n b. r. s r). .
subtract: 'yo' . I have subtracted five for your bad spelling (Mo ti yo. arn-n fn won . .
r. t s. ko).
.
such: 'b' They want some juicy fruit such as orange (W n . n f. so t kn fn omi b i o.
sn).
suck: 'mu' The baby is sucking her mother's breast (Om . o. n n mu oyn. y r. ).
suddenly: 'ku' It befell me suddenly ( kn m ku).
suffer: (i) '.s. ' He suffered a bereavement (f . . s. . . ) (ii) j' He suffered a bereavement
(In j o).
sufficient: 't' It is sufficient ( t).
s. ummon: 'p' He summoned his minister ( pe mnst r.).
supply: 'k' The company supplied paper to the printer (Il-i.s. n k bbg fn at. w
n).
support: 'gb' He took my part ( gb m).
suppose: (i) 'r' I supposed that he had left (Mo r p ti l o) . (ii) 'ye. ' What are you
supposed to be doing? (K ni y.e k o ma s. e?).
sure: (i) '' It is sure to rain tomorrow (j r. lla) . (ii) '' It is sure to rain tomorrow
(j r. lla).
.
surpass: 'j' Ad surpassed j in strength (Ad lgbra ju j).
survive: 'y' He survived ( y).
suspect: 'r' He seems poor, but I suspect that he has quite a lot of money ( j o. t.s s.
gbn . mo r p lw lw . . gan-an ni).
swagger: 'yan' He is swaggering along slowly ( n yan).
swallow: 'm' He swallowed the pill ( mi ogn onkro n).
swarm: (i) '.s' The bees swarmed round him (won . oyin s. b ) (ii) 'r' . The children
swarm into the classroom (won . omo
. n r. wo. in kls n).
sway: 'm' The dancers swayed as they stood (won . onj n n m b wn . s. e dr (wo.
n onj n n m lj kan)).
sweep: (i) 'gb' He swept the floor ( gb il. ) (ii) 'r' . The crowd swept down the hill
(won . r n r. wl. lti k) (iii) 'd' The crowd swept done the hill (won . r
n d wl. lti k).
sweet: 'dn' It is sweet ( dn).
swell: (i) 'l' My arm is swollen (Ap mi l) (ii) 'w' His body is swollen (Ara r. w).
swim: 'w.' He knows how to swim ( m. n . w.).
swing: (i) 'f' He swung the rope ( fi okn n) (ii) '.sn' He swung his arms to and fro
( s. n ap r.).
switch: (i) 'pa' Switch off the light (Pa in n) (ii) 'y' Switch on that radio (Y rd ye. n)
(iii) 'yn' Switch on that radio (Yn rd y.en).
swirl: 'h' The river is swirling along (Od y n h).

Tt
tack: 'gn' He tacked the clothes ( gn a.so. n).
tactful: 'gbn'
. She is very tactful ( gbn
. pp).
.
take: (i) 'fi' He used knife to cut it (He takes his knife and cu it) ( fi b.
. e g e) (ii) 'm'
 He took it ( m un) (iii) 'k' The vehicle took passengers ( Ok . . n k r) (iv)
'r' He took down the clothes from the peg ( r won . a.so. n lr k)
. (v) 'w' I
took the cooked rice out of water and left it to drain (Mo wa r e. . s kr lr in
mo s fi i sl. k gb.emi) (vi) 'wn' . I took off my clothes (Mo wn . a.so. kr lra
mi) (vii) 'mi' I took the pill (Mo mi ogn onkr n) (viii) 'gb' Take the
shopping home (Gb oj . t a r n s il) (ix) 'lo' I took the medicine (Mo lo
ogn n) (x) 'gb' Will you take N10 for the book? (S . o gba nr m. w fn
w n?) (xi) 'mu' Will you take tea or coffee? (Kof lo ma mu b t?) (xii) 'k o' .
Take don the sentence (Ko. gblhn n sl.) (xiii) 'b' . Take off your clothes (B.
. w r.e) (xiv) 'so'
. The dog too guard of the house (Aja n n so. il n).
tall: 'ga' In the city, the buildings are tall (N l nl, won . il ma n ga).
taller: 'ga' Ol is taller than Ad (Ol ga ju Ad).
tame: 'r' . The dog is tamed (Aj y r). .
tan: (i) 'rn' We tan animal sklin to make leather shoes (A rn awo. e. ran lti fi s. e bt
alwo)..
tap: 'd' He tapped the palm tree ( da p. . e).
tardy: (i) 'f' The law is often tardy in reaction to the changing society (fin ma n sb
f lti s. e nnkan s wjo. t n y pad) (ii) 'p. ' He was tardy in offering help to the
children ( p. k t w ran won . om . o. n lw
. ).
.
tasteless: 't. ' The food is tasteless (Onje. y ti t.).
tasty: 'dn' That was a tasty meal (Onj.e y.en dn).
teach: 'k' . He taught him ( k. o). .
team: '.s'. The termites teamed out of the place (won . ikn s. . lti ib.)
tear: (i) 'ya' He tore the paper ( ya w n) (ii) 'lu' He tore a hole in his dress ( lu ih
s ara a.so. r.).
tease: 't'. He teased me ( t. mi).
tell: (i) 'so'. Tell me what happened today (So. ohun t s. e. l. n n fn mi) (ii) 'pa' They
listened to the story he told them (Wn . fi et s l. t pa fn won).
.
tender: 'r' . The meat is tender (Eran
. n r).
.
tenterhook: 'yn' I am on tenterhooks with eagerness (Oj mi yn).
tether: 'so' He tethered his goat to the post ( so e. ran r. m. p).
than: 'j' Ol is older than Ad (Ol dgb ju Ad).
that: (i) 'k' He said that I should come ( n k n w) (ii) 'b' He says there is nothing but
that he will kill him ( n fi b un pa ) (iii) 'p' He thought that he would come
( r p un w) (iv) 'ye. n' That woman is my mother (y mi ni obnrin ye. n) (v)
't' He liked the book that I gave her ( f. rn w t mo fn un).
thatch: (i) 'b' I thatched my roof (Mo b. il mi) (ii) '.s. ' He thatched the house ( s. . il
n).
thaw: 'y' . Leave frozen food to thaw before cooking it (J. k onj.e t d y. k o t s ).
their: 'won' . I saw their book (Mo r w won). .
them: 'won' . He saw them ( r won). .
they: 'wn' . They went (Wn . lo).
.
thick: 'ki' The soup is thick (Ob . . n ki).
thin: (i) 'fon'. He is thin/emaciated ( fon) . (ii) 'tn' His legs are thin ( tn l. s.) (iii) 'sn'
 The soup is thin (Ob. . n sn) (iv) 'r' He is thin ( r).
think: 'r' He thought that it is right ( ro p dra).
this: 'y' This is what I want you to do (Ohun t mo f. k o s. e n y).
thrash: (i) 'n' He thrashed the child ( na om . o. n) (ii) 'l' He thrashed the child ( lu o.
mo. n).
thread: (i) 'b' . He is threading the needle ( n bo. ab.r.) (ii) 'sn' He threads beads on the
cotton ( fi w sn l.k.).
thresh: 'pa' He threshed the corn ( pa ok). .
through: 'gb' He took it through the house ( gb e gb in il).
throw: (i) 'j' He threw a stone ( ju kta) (ii) 'd' He threw me on the ground while we
were wrestling ( d mi ngb t a n ja jkad) (iii) 'so' . I threw it inside the plate
(Mo so. . sn ab)..
thrust: (i) 'k' He thrust his hand into his pocket ( ki ow . . r. bo. p r.) (ii) 't' He thrust
his hand into his pocket ( ti ow. r. bo. p r.) (iii) 'gn' He thrust a knife into his
enemy's heart ( fi b. . e gn t
. r. n okn).
.
thunder: 'sn' It thundered (r sn).
tickle: 'rn' He tickled my armpit ( rn m lby).
tidy: 'm' . I like rooms to be tidy (Mo ma n f. k yr m). .
tie: (i) 'ta' He tied the cloth round the tree ( ta a.so. m. igi) (ii) 'd' He tied it ( d ) (iii)
'd' He tied up the firewood ( di igi) (iv) 'so' They tied it (Wn . so ).
tight: (i) 'fn' It is tight ( fn) (ii) 'h' It is tight ( h) (iiii) 'h '. It is tight ( h). .
tighten: 'd' Tighten this screw (De skr y).
till: (i) 'r' He tilled the land ( ro il. ) (ii) 'd' Let's wiat till the rain stops (J. k dr de
gb t j ma d) (iii) 'd' Let's wait till the rain stops (J. k dr di gb t j
ma d).
tilt: 't'
. I tilted the cup to drink out of it (Mo te. k. b . n k n l mu omi lti in r.).
time: 'y' It is time for us to go ( y k a lo). .
tiny: 'w' . It is tiny ( w. ).
tip: 'y' When the car hit a bus, it tipped over (Ngb t k n k olu . b. s
. kan, (k
n) y dn).
tire: (i) 'g' I am tired ( g mi) (ii) 'g' . I am tired ( g. mi) (iii) 's' I am tired ( s mi)
(iv) 'r.' I am tired ( r. m).
to: (i) 'fn' He sold it to me ( t fn mi) (ii) 's' He went to the market ( l o. s oj) . (iii)
'gb' He took it to the house ( gb e gba in il lo) . (iv) 'd' They measured the
dog from head to tail (Wn . won . aj n lti or d r) (v) 'm' . He fixed the shelf
to the wall ( de s. . . f n m. giri) (vi) 'k' It is ten minutes to nine (Agogo m.
sn-n ku .s. j m.w).
together: (i) 'j o' . We went together (A j o. lo) (ii) 'p ' . I stuck the two pieces of paper
together (Mo le. won . bb mjj p). .
too: 'j' It is too late ( ti p. j).
topple: 'r' Olu knocked against the table and the glass toppled onto the floor (Ol k o. lu
tbl ife s r b. sl.).
toss: 'j' The boys tossed the ball to each other (won . om. oknrin
. n ju b. l
. n s ara
won).
.
touch: (i) 't' . He touched me lightly ( t. mi) (ii) 'gbn' He touched me slightly ( gbn
mi) (iii) 'kn' The branches of the tree touched the water (won . . ka igi kan omi).
tough: (i) 'yi' It is tough ( yi) (ii) 'le' Soldiers must be tough (won . sj gbd . . le).
train: 't'
. He trained me ( t. mi).
transfer: (i) 'r' Death has been transfered from my head (Ik r lr mi) (ii) 'fn' He
transfered his property to me ( fn mi n ohun n r. ).
translate: 'y' He translated Yorb into English ( y d Yorb pad s d G.. s).
transplant: 'lo' . He transplanted the vegetable ( l. . f). .
transport: (i) 'gb' The people were transported by train (Ok . . oj irin ni wn . fi gb wo.
n nyn n) (ii) 'k' The goods were transported by train (Ok . . oj irin ni wn . fi
k won . e. r n).
travel: 'rn' At what speed is he ravelling? (Bwo lo s. e n yra rn s?).
tread: 't. ' I trod on his foot by accident (Mo s. .s t.e . l.s.).
treat: 'm' . He treated the sore on his arm ( m. egb ap r.)
tremble: (i) 'w' He is trembling ( n wa rr) (ii) 'gbn' . He trembled with fear (r . n j.
k gbn)..
trick: 'tn' He tricked me into taking the medicine ( tn m mu ogn n).
trickle: 'kn' Blood trickled from the wound (j. . n k2n lti in egb n).
trim: (i) 'r' I trimmed my fingernails (Mo r knn mi) (ii) 'g' He trimmed his hair (
g irun r.) (iii) 't'. He trimmed his hair ( t. irun r.).
trip: (i) 'jn' He tripped me from the back ( jn m l. s. ) (ii) 'gbn' He tripped me (
gbn mi l. s.).
thrive: 'gb' . Vegetables thrive well on humus soil (Il. Ol . r
. ma n gbo. . f).
.
trouble: 'gb' The sickness troubled him (sn n gb ).
truss: (i) 'd' The policeman trussed up the robber with a rope (Ol . p
. n fi okn de ol
n) (ii) 'd' The policeman trussed up the robber with a rope (Ol . p
. n fi okn
di ol n).
tuck: 'k' He tucked up his shirt sleeves ( k ap s. t r. sk).
tug: 'f' The cat was tugging at my shoe-lace (Olgb n n fa okn bt mi).
tune: (i) 'yn' He tuned his radio ( yn rd r. ) (ii) 't' He was fined up to the tune of
N1,000 (Fn t wn . n k san t e. gb. rn nr) (iii) 'y' Tune in (your radio) to
Ogun Radio (Y rd re. s Rd gn).
turn: (i) 'ko' . He turned his right side to my direction ( ko. . gb. tn . s mi) (ii) 'y' He
turned off to the left ( y s ap s) (iii) 'rn' He turned (his body) over in bed
( rn ara lr e. n) (iv) 'd' He has turned traitor ( ti di ol . t.
. ) (v) 't; Turn the
dog loose (T aj n sl. ) (vi) 'kn' It is your turn to read ( kn . lti kw) (vii)
'rn' It will take a few turns round the house first (M k k . . rn y il po n) (viii)
'y' The earth turns round the sun (Ay n y orn po) (ix) '.s' He was turning the
pages of the book ( n s. oj-w w n) (x) 'd' He has turned fifty ( ti da o.
mo. dta . odn).
. (xi) 'tn' Turn on the light (Tan in n) (xii) 'pa' Turn off the
light (Pa in n) (xiii) 'n' He turned his toes out ( na won . om. o. ka e. s. r. sta)
(xiv) '.se' The factory is turning out large quantity of plastic pails (Il-i.s. n n s. e
pl onke pp) . (xv) 'gb' He has turned over his business to his children ( ti
gb il-i s. . r . fn w on. om. o. r . ) (xvi) 'd' He hasn't turned up for work this
 morning (K t d ibi i.s. n r. y) (xvii) 'w' He didn't turn up for work today
(K w s ibi i.s. n n) (xviii) 'k' Turn up your shirt sleeves (K ap s. t re.
sk).
twang: (i) 'kn' The bow twanged and the arrow whistled through the air (Orun . kn, of
.
s sf lo. nn af.f.) (ii) 'ta' He was twanging a guitar ( n ta gt).
twist: 'l'
. He twisted his neck ( l. o. lrn).
.
type: 't'
. Type the letter (Te. lt. n).
Uu
uncork: '.s' Uncork that bottle (S . g y.en).
under: 'r' The boat went under (Ok . . n r).
understand: (i) 'gb' . He understood me ( gb. r . . mi) (ii) 'y' I understand it ( y mi).
undertake: 'gb' He undertook to finish the work by Friday ( gb lti pari i s. . n tt o.
j. Jm-. n).
.
undone: 't' My shoe-lace has come undone (Okn bt mi ti t).
unfasten: 't' He unfastened his belt ( t b.lt r. ).
unfold: (i) 't. ' He unfolded the carpet ( t. kp..t n) (ii) 't' He unfolded the cloth (
t a.so. n).
ungrateful: '.s' He is ungrateful to him ( fi ibi s. u).
unlock: '.s' Unlock that door (S . l.kn y.en).
unproductive: '.s' This land is unproductive (Il. y ti s. ).
unscrew: (i) '.s' Unscrew the lid of this bottle (S . dr g y) (ii) 't' Unscrew the mirror
from the wall (T gls n kr lra giri).
untie: 't' He untied the bunch of wood ( t e. r igi n).
unwind: 'tn' The thread unwind from the ball (w n t lra b. l . n).
up: (i) 'tn' He ate up his food ( j.e onj.e r. tn) (ii) '.se' Go and see what the children are
up to (Lo. wo ohun t won . om. o. n n s. e).
upon: 'l' He poured the water upon it ( da omi l e).
uproot: 'h' He uprooted the tree ( h igi n).
urbane: 're' This girl is too urbane (Om . obnrin
. y ti re j).
urge: 'r'. He urged her to rest ( r. . k simi).
urinate: 't' . He urinated ( t)..
us: (i) 'wa' He saw us ( r wa) (ii) '' Do you want us to help you? (S . o f. k rn . l.
w?). (iii) 'w' He hit us ( n w) (iv) 'a' Do you need us to help you? ( S . o nl
p k a rn . lw. ?)
. (v) 'ni' He saw us ( r ni).
use: (i) 'mu' He uses powdered tobacco ( n mu tb) (ii) 'l' He used it ( l ) (iii) 's'
He used charm on him ( s gn s i) (iv) '.se' This leather can be made into
footwear (Awo. y s. e s. e bt) (v) 'fi' He used a knife to cut bread ( fi b. . e g
bur.d).
utter: 'so'. He looked at me without uttering a word ( w m lso. nnkan kan).

Vv
value: 't' He valued the gold at N1,000 ( n gl n t e. gb. rn nr).
vanish: 'r' It vanished ( r).
vault: 'f' He vaulted the fence and ran away ( fo f. ns n s s lo).
.
venture: 'j. ' Can he venture to g? ( ha j. lo?). .
vibrate: 'gbn' . The vehicle vibrate when the driver started the engine ( Ok . . n gbn
.
ngb t d. r.b s. n).
vie: 'd' They were vying for first prize (Wn . n du . bn ip kn).
vissible: (i) 'r' The smoke from her fire was visible from the road (A r fn in r . lti
oj tt) (ii) 'hn' It is clearly vissible ( hn dada).
vomit: (i) 'p' . He vomited on the ground ( p. sl.) (ii) 'b' He vomited ( b).
vow: 'j'
. He took a vow ( j. j. . ).

Ww
wade: (i) 'w' . He waded through the stream ( w. omi koj) . (ii) 'l' He waded across the
river ( la omi koj).
.
wag: (i) 'j' The dog wagged its tail (Aj n ju r r. ) (ii) 'yn' The dog wagged its tail
(Aj n yn r r. ).
wail: 'k' The child was wailing (Om . o. n n k).
wait: 'r' He waited for me ( r d m).
wake: 'j' He woke up from his bed ( j lr ibsn r.).
walk: 'rn' He walked ( rn).
want: (i) 'b' Anybody who wants to go should go (Eni . t b n lo. k lo). (ii) 'f'. He wants
money ( f. ow) (iii) 'w' The man was wanted by the police (Ol . p
. n w o.
knrin n).
warm: 'l' . The water is warm (Omi n l). .
warp: 't'
. The door won't shut because the wood has warped (l. kn n k t ntor p igi
r. ti t.).
warrant: 'f' What warrants such insolence? (K ni fa ir fojdi b. . ?).
was: (i) 'w' He was at home ( w nl) (ii) 'ni' He was my teacher (Olk. mi ni) (iii) 'j. '
He was a headmaster at Ibadan ( j. olk-gb . n bdn) (iv) 'f. ' I was going to
write a letter but I didn't have the time (Mo f. lti ko. w s. gbn . n k ry) (v) 'l'
I thought they were going to come but didn't come (Mo r p wn . l w s. gbn .
won . k w).
wash: (i) 'b' . He washed his face ( b. oj r.) (ii) 'f' . He washed the cloth ( fo. a.so. n)
(iii) 'w' . He washed himself ( w. ara r.) (iv) '.sn' He washed his body without
soap ( s. n ara) (v) 'gb' The wood was washed up the shore by the waves (r
omo gb igi n lo. s bt) (vi) 't' My lunch was bread and butter washed down
with beer (Br. d ti bt
. t mo fi b t s sl. ni onje. sn . mi).
watch: (i) 'w' We watched television (A wo te. lifsn) (ii) '.s' . Will you watch over my
clothes? (S . o b mi s. . a.so. mi?).
water: 'wn' . Water the plant (Wn . (omi s) ewko n).
watery: '.sn' The soup is watery (Ob. . y s. n).
wave: (i) 'm' The plants wave in the wind (won . ewko n n m nn at. gn) (ii) 'j' He
waved his hand to say goodbye ( ju ow . . r. lti so. p dgb) (iii) 'f' He waved
his umbrella ( fi agborn r.).
waver: 'm' His resolution is wavering (pinnu r. n m).
we: (i) 'a' We went (A lo) . (ii) '' We will go ( lo).
.
weak: (i) 'r. ' He was weak after his illness ( r. . r. r.) (ii) 'sn' This soup is weak (O.
b. y sn).
weaken: 'r.' The illness weakened his heart (sn n j. k r.e okn . r.).
wean: 'wn' . The child has been weaned (Om . o. n ti wn).
wear: (i) 'd' She wore string of beads round her waist ( di bb s d) (ii) 'w ' . She was
wearing her mother's dress (w . mm r. ni w) . (iii) 'l' Mother always wears
ear-rings (Mm ma n lo y.er ngb gbogbo) (iv) 'gb' My shoes are worn out
(won . bt mi ti gb) (v) 'd' You've worn a hole in your shirt ( ti d ih s s. t
r.e) (vi) 't' . The dress has worn well (w . n t). (vii) 'd' He wore a hat ( d
fl) (viii) 'fi' She wore a flower in her button hole ( fi dd h ih btn . r.)
(ix) 'je. ' The heels of these shoes are wearing down (Es . . won
. bt y n j.e) (x) 'r.'
These noisy children do wear me down (won . om
. o. alriwo y j. k r. m).
weary: (i) 'r.' Ol was feeling very weary after the day's work ( r e. Ol l.yn i.s. oj . .
n) (ii) 's' I am weary of his constant grumbling (Kkn t n kn ngb gbogbo
ti s mi).
weave: (i) 'hun' He weaved cloth ( hun a.so) . (ii) 'wun' He weaved cloth ( wun a.so). .
wedge: 'h' He wedged a stick in between it ( fi igi h a).
weed: 'tu' They were weeding the grass (Wn . n tu korko).
weigh: 'wn' . He weighed it ( wn . n).
.
well: 'sn' I feel well ( sn fn mi).
when: 'b' When he saw me he was happy (B ti r mi, in r. dn).
what: (i) 'kn' What is it? (Kn ni?) (ii) 'k' What is it? (K ni?).
when: 'b' When he saw me, he was happy (B i r mi, in r. dn).
whether: 'b' I don't know whether he will come or not (N m. b ma w tb k n
w).
which: (i) 't' The stick which he took (Igi t o m) (ii) 'wo' Which shoe? (Bt wo?).
whine: (i) 'hu' The dog was whinning outside (Aj n n hu n ta) (ii) 'k' The child is
whinning (Om . o. n n k).
whip: (i) 'n' He whipped the horse ( na e. s. in n) (ii) 'l' He whipped the horse ( lu e. s.
in n) (iii) 'pa' The rain was whipping the window (j n pa frs n) (iv) 'f'
He whipped out a knife ( fa b. . e kan yo). (v) 'b' . He whipped off his dress' ( b.
. w r. son)
. (vi) 'j' He whipped the gold chain off his neck) ( j s. n ongl
n kr lrn . r. ).
whirl: 'f' I swung my arms (round and round) (Mo fi ap mi)
whisk: 'gbn' . He whisked the dirt off ( gbon . dt
. n kr).
white: 'fn' It is as white as a cotton carded ready for spinning ( fn b . gbn . w).
who: (i) 't' The child who slept (Om . o. t sn) (ii) 'ta' Who is it? (Ta ni?).
whom: (i) 'ta' Whom did you speak to? (Ta ni o b sr . ?)
. (ii) 't' The boy whom we
called Ol is really called Olwol . (Olwol . gan-an ni orko. om . oknrin
. t a n p
n Ol).
whose: (i) 't' The chair whose arms are broken (ga t ow . . r. kn) (ii) 'ta' Whose shoe is
this? (bt ta n y?).
why: 't' I don't know the reasons why you didn't come (N k mo. d t o k fi w).
wide: (i) 'f . ' The road is four feet wide (Tt n f . n e. s . bt m . rin) (ii) 'jn' Your
answer was wide of the mark (dhn r. jn s ohun t a n ret).
will: (i) '' We will go (A lo). (ii) ''
. You will go (E. . lo)
. (iii) '' You will go (O lo). .
win: 'j.e' He won a lottery ( j.e t.t.).
wind: (i) 'y' He wound the door handle ( y ow . . l.kn n) (ii) 'r' I wound the rope
round it (Mo r okn n w e).
wipe: 'n' He wiped his face ( nu oj r. )
wish: 'f.' I wish to see your mother (Mo f. r mm r.e).
with: 'b' No one likes to figh with a friend (K s e. ni t ma n f. b r. . r. j).
wither: 'ro'. The leaves withered (Ew n ro) .
work: 'sn' He is working for him ( n sn n)
worm-eaten: 'ju' The maize is worm-eaten (gbdo n ti ju)
worry: 'm' The trouble didn't bother me (Whl n k m m)
worship: (i) 'bo' . He worshipped the deity ( bo. r.s) (ii) 'sn' They worshipped the Lord
(Wn . sin Olwa)
worth: 't' How much is this bicycle worth? (l ni k.k. y t?).
worthy: (i) 'y.e' The lazy person is not worthy of respect (w . . k y.e l. . e . d (ii) 't' The
cloth is worthy of its name (A.so. n t a.so).
.
wound: 'pa' He has been wounded (He has wounded his body) ( ti fi ara pa).
wrap: (i) 'pn' . He used leaves to wrap it ( pn . on . lw) (ii) '.s' He is wrapping . ko. (a
food meal of maize) ( n s. u . ko).
.
wrench: (i) 'r' . He gave his ankle a wrench ( fi ornkn r) . (ii) 'f' He gave the tooth a
wrench and it came out ( fa eyn n s yo. . jde).
wriggle: (i) 'w' . The snake wriggled along the road (Ej n n w. lo. n or tt) (ii) 'j' The
worm wriggled as we put it on the fish-hook (Ekl n n j b a s. e n fi bo. w) .
(iii) 'p'. He wriggled through the thick hedge ( p. koj . in ogb
. t wn
. fi okn
d) (iv) 'yo'. He wriggled out of the difficulty ( yo. kr nn .sro n).
wring: (i) 'lo' . He wrung the chicken's neck to kill it ( l. ady.e n lrn . lti pa ) (ii)
'fn' He wrung the towel and hung it out to dry ( fn tw. l n s s a sta lti
gbe. ).
wrinkle: 'rn' The front of his dress wrinkles (Iwj a.so. r. rn).
write: 'ko'. He wrote a book ( ko. w).
wrong: '.s' You've spelt the word wrong ( s. i r . . n ko. sl.).

Yy
yank: 'f' He yanked out a tooth ( fa eyn kan tu).
yawn: 'yn' He yawned ( yn).
yes: (i) 'hun' He said yes ( so. p hun) (ii) 'he. n' I asked him if it is so; he said yes (Mo bi
p s. e b.
. ni; n h.en)
yet: '' He has not yet come (K w).
yield: 'ta' The yam yielded very well (I.su n ta).
you: (i) 'e'
. You ate (E. j.eun) (ii) '.' You should have gone (. b ti lo). .
your: (i) '.e' Your husband (Ok . o. e)
. (ii) 'r.e' This is your dog (Aj re. ny).
Yorb-Yorb
Aa
: (i) atka
. sk oj . . iwj: A lo. (ii) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta b:. Mo r (iii) r
. -ar
. .
p-orko. e. ni kn p . . n ip b:. n .
a: (i) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni kn n ip olw: A lo. (ii) nyn: A k dgb m lb. (iii)
mfm .sd: . b.e ---> abe. (iv) r. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta b:. Mo gb a (v) r . -
.
arp-ork
. o. eni
. kn p . . n ip b: . r a.
: (i) mfm .s. d: b. ---> b. (ii) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni kn p . . n ip olw: lo.
(iv) atka . t.enum: . A r .
n: r
. -ar
. p . -ork
. o. e. n k.ta e. yo. n ip b:. tn n je. .
an: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. n k.ta e. yo. n ip b:. kn an s mj.
n: atka
. t.enum: . n n n.

Bb
b: (i) t. l: b mi lo. (ii) s. e nnkan fn: b mi gb il. ( gb l. fn mi) (iii) rn lw . :.
b mi s. e ( rn m lw . . lti s. e ) (iv) f. : Eni
. t b n lo. k ma lo. (Eni. t
b f. lo. k ma lo) . (v) sub t.: Ib b won . (Ib sub t. wn). .
ba: fi ara pam: . Om
. o. n ba s ab. igi.
b: (i) t s lrn: Kk n ti b (ii) dr lr: Ey. . e n b l or igi (iii) m: . ba
egb r. (v) kn n ara: kta t so. b m (vi) jy: r . b m.
b.: (i) f:
. b. p.. (ii) g: b. e. n or (iii) f: Om . o. n b. koj . lr igi n (iv) r: b.
tb (v) gb: Orgb n b. (vi) b. r.: rn . ti b. (vii) t af. f. jde: Ty mt.
n b. (viii) tu: b. it. .
b.e: (i) tn: b.e y (ii) s. epo: be. i.su n (iii) sr . . ako:. b.e s mi (iv) w: n b.e (v)
yj: Om . o. y.en be. j.
b.: tor
. o. forj: b. m fn bb t bu mi.
b: (i) j. k wy: b om . o. (ii) l.yn t: B o n m, n n . (iii) atka . br: lo. b?
(iv) n
. .se nnkan: ko. mi b a s. e n s. e (v) mfm so. gblhn di orko: . n
fi b un pa (vi) Ngb t: B ti r m, in r. dn (vii) jo: . r b Ol.
bi: br: bi m n r . .
.
b: (i) p:. bi onj.e t j.e (ii) t: b wn . syn
. (iii) yo. or.sir.si w:
. A.so. n n b.
b: (i) h: b po osn . (ii) s. : b wo. ej (iii) ya: Mo fi ara b.
bo: fi ara pam: . O bo s ab. igi.
b: (i) d: bo ab. n (ii) n ew pp: . Igi rk n b.
b:
. (i) lo. sl.: Osn
. n b. (ii) fn n onj.e: b. om . o. r. t ebi n pa (iii) f: . fi omi b.
oj (iv) m kr: b. . w n orn . (v) k ml. . : b. il. (vi) to ew s: b. il
(vii) jde: b. s . hnknl (viii) s. kr: Ej n bh . o.
.
bo:
. sn: bo. r.s.
b:
. (i) d: n b. (ii) s dy kan: n bo. e. ran (iii) fi w s n in: n bo. ab.r. (iv)
gb w: . Ad bo. . w (v) di ow . . m. ow . :. Ad b. . lw . ..
bon:
. di ogb: A.so. r. ti bon .
b: (i) sr . . da s: fi b ara mi b mi (ii) f: . kk n b n d (iii) kgbe: Knn
 b.
bu: bj.: b
. n ti bu.
b: (i) fi pa: ti fi ow
. . b (ii) m d. lra odidi: Mo bu i.su j.e (iii) f. r.: Mo b d il tn
(iv) s: bu i.su nn in (v) fi fn: bu ol
. fn un
bn: fn: O bn mi n ow.

Dd
d: (i) m wy: Ol . run
. d nyn (ii) s. e nnkan fnra e. ni nkan: d je. un (iii) l.ssn:
Ara mi d (iv) fi sl. : Mo d ow (v) m e. nu r: j d (vi) jn ml. . : d mi
nn jkad (vii) fi l: d mi ni igi (viii) kn: d igi n s mj (ix) k o: . d
p.
. e (x) fi fn: d op. . (xi) ln nnkan: d . ow d a (xii) s. fo: Oj . d (xiii) yo.
l.nu: Sb d a (xiv) kn: Ig d (xv) k wl. : Oj r. ti d.
d: (i) j. k ti ib kan b. s mrn: d omi s in ab. (ii) j. : K l d? (iii) nbo l
w?: w n d? (iv) gb om . o. s . gb. lti . yn: y n da om . o. r. (v) ran: da
w (vi) so. ibi ti y gb: n da e. ran (vii) k ebi pa ni: Onje. mi ti d (viii) jo. rn
p :
. W n. n d y oy . o. l o. (ix) di gbgb: Eb . o. d (x) tn: d m (xi) lb . s .
knkn: Oj r. d (xii) j. k onj.e jde n e. nu: Om . o. n d.
dn: ko: . Tbl n dn. A f.r. l ma wo ara e. ni nn r..
dan: s. e ogn s e. ni t kk . . dn ogn w: dan egngn n n oj er.
d: (i) b. lti ib kan: Mo ti ti oko d (ii) b: d onje. r. k kkr m ba wo. in r.
(iii) w n ibi t a n lo: . Mo ti d il (iv) b.r.: j ti d, e. j. k a wol . k a.so. wa m
ba tut (v) n: Ow ti d s i n ow . . (vi) w: . d fl.
d: (i) d: d lkn (ii) ret: jk d m.
d.e: (i) w e. ran nn igb: n d.e gb. (ii) s. e oknf: Mo de. wn . s ara k wn . l b ara
won . j.
d.: (i) g:. ti d. j. A l n k ti ow. bo. in k t ow . . b. . (ii) r:
. g
. d.
. ppn . ma n
d. ju dd lo. (iii) dnk: Ik. mi ti d..
d: fi nnkan b: d ih eku n.
d: (i) d: di gbgbe. (ii) d: di igi (iii) w. s d: di bb (iv) k f. m s fn nn
kan: d gbnk. s r
. . n (v) s. e n .
. s:
. di irun r. (vi) y pad s b kta: Omi
n ti d (vii) b. gb. s. e: di ara pp. j. un nkan ni ma n rn.
dn: (i) fi epo gbgb s: dn dd (ii) ta oj . n p . : . dn mi n ow oj. . N k san t
iye t kk. . p .
d: (i) fi s. e il: d s bdn (ii) r . . lfns fn nn b.sep. p.l obnrin: d yw
r. ( b yw r. sn).
d: nnkan kan: K mo d.
d: (i) pa: d e. ran n (ii) so. di dd: r.e . d.
du: sr: du lo. .
d: (i) f mra . lw . :. Wn . du ip alga (ii) s. e fnni: Wn . fi ip n d
dn: m ariwo jde: dn b bon. .
dn: (i) ro ni lra: Es . . n dn m (ii) wu ni n jj.e: Ob. . n dn (iii) p. t: Iy. dun ob. .
n.
 Ee
: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta b:
. Mo p , d mi lhn
e: (i) mfm
. .sd:
. gb ---> egb (ii) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. eni
. ke. ta b:
. Mo m igi n, mo
fi d g e
: (i) mfm
. .s. d: r ---> r (ii) atka
. ite. num:
. Mo g e .

E.
.e
. : r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta b: . Mo b. . .
e. : (i) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. n kej p . . n ip olw: yin . mjj, e. lo. w w (ii) r . -ar
. .
p-orko. e. ni kej t a fi n s. e bw . . fn n ip olw: g . mi, s. e. r ow n gb?
(iii) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. n kej . yn: A.so. e. ni mo w. (iv) mfm .s. d: r ---> e. r
(v) r. -ar
. p-ork
. o. eni
. k.ta b: . na igi n s mi, mo s b.
e. s mj ogb
. o. ogba..
. : (i) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni kta. . yn: Mo wo. a.so. . (ii) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni kej p
. . n ip
olw: yin. n, . b lo. w (iii) mfm .s. d: sn ---> . sn (iv) atka . t.enum: .
A b. . . (v) atka . ysd: S. . . lo? . (vi) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. t a fi n s. e bw. . fn n
ip olw: g . mi, . b j.eun.

Ff
f: (i) lo ab.e lti g kr ptpt: f irun or r. , or r. w n dn (ii) fi ow . . gbn
. dn:
f ob. in ab. n kr.
f: (i) j. k t.l ni: f jde kr nn il (ii) fi ow. ti ornkn rn: Om . o. n n f
(iii) m w s d . . e. ni: fa om
. o. n mra . (iv) m dn: f m lw . . (v) fn: fa
tb n s im (vi) m k s. e. l.: fa k n j.e . ko. m.ta (vii) y: fa l s oj w
r. (viii) k n f. tir: Okn
. yw mi t lo. s oko n f m (ix) m w: Wn . fa
yw r. fn un (x) pon: . fa omi lti in knga (xi) nf.. s p k jo. w p: . f
m, n k sn m. on . (xii) lj ff: n f gl . . (xiii) s. e bi rb:
. A.so. n n f (xiv)
kr s i: Owo r. ti f (xv) nn it. gbgbe. n . r.k.: n fa lala (xvi) tn: Er y
f kl. (xvii) s. sn: Ara r. f d.. Ssn ni n sn lti r. .
f.: (i) wu ni lti n: n f. ow pp. t y fi kl . (ii) gb n yw: Oknrin . n f. e.
wol (iii) so. . di ok . o: . Obnrin n f. oknrin
. n, s di aya r. (iv) db: f. r.
m.
f.: (i) gba y s i: n f. s i (ii) jk b ol . l:
. f. s or ga.
fi: (i) l lti s. e nnkan: fi b. . e g e (ii) m s: Fi b. . e s or tbl. won . n
. mrn t a fi
n lo 'fi' ni wny:
. (iii) fi a.so. l.e . w r.e t ya (iv) n w n . t y fi jde (v)
fi m n . p je. (vi) Ngb t fi n s. e ts ni f. e. (vii) l t b.. t fi dk
(viii) Hu w t wn . fi l f.rn re. (ix) K lo s. e t o fi s. e b. . (x) ro gbogbo ohun
t fi s. e fn mi.
f: (i) j: Mo fi ap mi (ii) j dirodiro: n f dirodiro lr igi (iii) pj: . Nr kan f lw . .
(iv) j. k nnkan lo. shn-n shn-n:
. fi okn n s iwj ti s . yn.
fn: (i) t. k jde b aff. . : fi Sheltox fn in il (ii) f. at.gn s: fn in (iii) j. t. w.
gb: Eb. o. fn (iv) d r s lra: fn igb.
f: (i) d: Il. ti f (ii) w n or: f lr omi.
f: gbra kr nl. : fo igi n.
f:
. (i) pn y.l.ey.le:
. f. wo n s ww. . (ii) dn: Or n f. om
. o. n. ti lo ogn (iii) k
m l: Oj r. ti f. (iv) bj. : f. i.s. t fi ow
. . ara r. s. e (v) d.e gb.: n f. igb
kiri. n w e. ran t y fi s. e odn
. (vi) p p. s in omi: f. . ko. mu (vii) pariwo:
n f. t (viii) .sr t: Sngb f..
f:
. (i) fi ow
. . gbo nn omi k l m: . fo. a.so. (ii) sr
. :
. f. s mi.
fn:
. (i) t k n e. yo. e. yo: . fn . er s or il. (ii) dn (.enu): n fn . e. nu p un l s. e
(iii) kn sl.: j n fn. (iv) wn . s/d s: Mo fn . omi s i lra.
fon:
. (i) f. atgn
. s nn: Mo fon . fr (ii) j. k jde: Mo fon . ikun (iii) pariwo: Erin fon .
(iv) tn-n-rn: fon..
fn:
. (i) m lo. s ibmrn: Mo fon . in lti lo. d in mrn (ii) sr: fn . n. ngb t
gbr p e. kn n b. .
fn: (i) s. e gb pad: fn mi lw . . (ii) funfun: fn b e. gb w (iii) kr n ow . . e. ni
kan b. s ti e. lmrn: fn mi lw (iv) b s. e: Mo d fl fn un (v) h: fn
gdgd (vi) ntor: n jy fn . s. . r. (vii) n wn . sk: M jk fn wkt
mj (viii) rn lw . :. Mo d fl fn un ntor p ow . . n dn n, k l d e fnra r. .
fun: f. at.gn s nn: fun fr.

Gg
g: r.: g mi
ga: k nnkan m kr: Om . o. y.en ga pp, . e. s. bt m. f ni wn. n jk.
g: s. : ga agbrn r. .
gn: (i) g: gn an n or (ii) s. l: gn omi r. l, pl omi kan ni fi fo. a.so. m.f
(iii) fi d kt so. nyn n ow . :. gn an n mj . o. ngb t pa ly (iv) rn:
gn a.so. r. n ibi t ti ya.
gan: le: Br.d y ti gan. ti p. t wnh . ti r .
gn: bu e. nu t. lu: Wn . n gn n fn w plapla t w.
g: (i) r. s mj tb j b.. lo: . g e. ran n s w.w.. (ii) gb b. l . koj
. e. ni tb k yo.
ni n . yo:
. Mo g e n g n or pp.
g.: (i) w: g.e gl (ii) d: ge. fl (iii) g: ge. irun.
g:
. r.: L.yn p . l . op
. . i.s. t mo s. e, ti g. mi by.
go:
. s pam: . go. s ab. igi.
g:
. (i) s. e algbn: . ti g. pp. j, l fi ow . . lsn m . yn in (ii) yn: go. bon. .
gn: (i) t k w: . Igi n gn (ii) jan om . o. od tb kuta m. nnkan lralra: n gn iyn
(iii) fi nnkan b. n ara: gn un n b. . e (iv) h: Ey.
. e n gn y. (v) wo. in: gn
.
gn un l. s..
gn: (i) t k kr: gn pp. . t e. s. bt m.w (ii) n b.sep. p.l: gun obnrin
r. (iii) lo. s or: gun igi (iv) fi je. : gun or oy (v) n oyn: Ewr. n ti gn
(vi) b. s or: gun t. baba r. .

GBgb
gb: (i) gbgb epo pupa tb rr l in: gb epo t fi se ob.
. (ii) ta s iwj: gb
 b. l
. (iii) j. k m: . gba il. t dt
. (iv) jn n br. gb mi n et (v) sr
l: gb t m.
gb: (i) m fn: gba ow (ii) n . gb s. e nnkan: n . t mo gb yo. n y.en (iii) lr: . Il.
y gba gbdo (iv) fi ow . . s: Mo gba b r. wol . (v) rn lw . : . Jw
. , . gb m (vi)
rn s: Mo gba ap s (vii) yo: . kuuku gba oj oj . . (viii) s. . gun: Wn . gba l won .
(ix) iye t nnkan t: K gba nr mj (x) b lo: . gb e gba in il (xi) y t nn
kan n: In il y gba nyn m. w (xii) fi nnkan du ni: gb lw . . mi (xiii)
iye sk t a l fn nnkan: gb t o.s m.rin k t par r..
gb: (i) m: Wrp gb e (ii) s d nnkan kr nl.: gb e. r n r (iii) r . . grm
kan: Nbo ni gb r i?/Mo r i nl (iv) s on: . gb s in igb (v) ibi t a n sn t
a s ti n j: n gb bdn (vi) p. s i: gb p. . s i (vii) s. e. l:. S
. o r ibi t a gb s.
e .s.se.
gb: (i) fi ara m: . gb m (ii) j. k k ara jo. s oj kan: gbe omi j (iii) ko. t.l:
gbe orin mi.
gb.: (i) ho. iw s: gb. il. (ii) j. k m l.nu: gb. l.. d (iii) pariwo lti fi gb t f.
y hn: Ady.e n gb. (iv) h (ik): . gb. ik. .
gb.e: ln omi nn: Il. n ti gbe. .
gb.: gbn: gbe. gbdo.
gbin: pa ariwo rora: n gbin ntor ara t n ta .
gbn: fi bo. il. k l h: gbin gbdo.
gb: (i) pa ariwo: Aj n gb (ii) dgb: Oknrin . n ti gb. Irun funfun ti yo. ni or r.
(iii) t j.e: gbdo mi ti gb.
gb: (i) m: gbo igi n jgjg (ii) n f. ti r: s nl mi gb (iii) d lm: sn
n n gb
gb:
. (i) k r. . d d. . e. ni: Mo gb. ohun t so. (ii) y: Mo gb. r . . r. (iii) s. e ohun t y.e:
Mo gb. ti ara mi (iv) rn s ni im: Mo gb. rn (v) bw . . fn: Mo gb. tir. (vi)
mmo. b a s. e n s. e nnkan: gb. if.
gb:
. lr:
. Il. y gbo. . f.
.
gbn:
. (i) n iy nn: Om . o. n gbn. pp. . r
. . gb l n jde l.nu r. (ii) b jde: gbn .
omi kr nn kk.
gbn:
. (i) s. e mra dr: n gbn . p.p. b ew oj omi (ii) y s hn, y s hn: . gbon
.
or lti fi y mi p un k gba ohun t mo so. (iii) so. w tt di y t a fi n rn a.s
o:
. gbon . w (iv) fi l lu irin gbgbn: gbon . d (v) ta: gbon . go (vi)
ta dn: Gbon . dt . kr lra . w y.
gbn: fi ara kan: fi . gb. gbn mi.
gbun: s. e algn: l y gbun. r kl . ok
. l
. o.
.

Hh
h: (i) s. e alif:
. n
. y h. K gba nyn mj l. . kan n (ii) gn: Eegun h a n n
. .
fun (iii) pn: h eran
. n fn won. (iv) fi b:
. fi igi h pak n nbi t ti l s
mj.
ha: (i) b: Igi ha m lra (ii) m k.l.b. kr: ha fun
. (iii) atka
. m br: wo. ha s. e
? (iv) atka
. te. num:
. wo. h n k?
.
hn: di m: Mo hn ow t j s mi.
han: pariwo: Wn . n han b i gte.
hn: (i) y ni: hn p k f. rn mi (ii) tu: han . f. (iii) s. e r: han s mi (iv) ls
tb s. gbn:
. hn p w.
he: m: he ow n oj n. .
h: f.: Rb. n ti h s i.
h.e: (i) jk n et: fi d h.e ga (ii) fn gb d: . joba
. fd h.e . ni.
h.: pgn:
. s. e h. mi.
h.en: dhn p b. . ni: Mo bi p s. r Ol? n, h.en.
h: (i) pa ariwo: Wn . n ho h b gb p oj . ni wn. w (ii) s. po kr lra nnkan: n
h osn
. (iii) gbn t: Omi y ti h. E. j. k fi t.e . b (iv) s. e gdgd: Od y n
h.
ho:
. (i) sr: Om . o. n ho. ngb t r e. gba (ii) fi eyn t: ho. eegun je. (iii) fi knn
yn: M ho. ara.
h:
. p.gn: s. e h. mi.
h: f tu: h igi n.
hu: (i) m irun kr lra: hu awo. (ii) pa ariwo: hu s i lti p ngb t d in oko.
h: jde lti in il.: Korko n ti h.
hn: (i) k ara j ni je. : Ara n hn mi (ii) fi knn ho. ara: Mo hn ara t n hn mi.
hun: (i) fi w s. e a.so: . Mo hun a.so. (ii) dhn b. . ni: M ni s. e lo. s oj.
. so. p hun
(iii) jy . s.: k t s. e s mi ni n hun n y.en.
hn: (i) m kanl.: Ngb t p. t ti n ron lr r . . n, s. e hn (ii) w-m-n-w :
. .
r. di hn. r . . ps je. .

Ii
: (i) atka
. ib-.sl . . brak: Il la ti r i (ii) r. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. b:
. Mo d .
i: (i) mfm
. .s. d: k ---> ik (ii) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. eni
. k. ta e. yo. ab:
. Mo r i.
: (i) ohun t k t s. e. l. : K w (ii) mfm
. .s. d: bn ---> bn (iii) atka . t.enum:
.
r i .
n: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. b:
. m n
in: r
. -ar
. p-orko
. e. ni k.ta e. yo. b:
. dn in
n: (i) atka
. ysd: M n r i (ii) atka . te. num: . dn in n.
Jj
j: k: j osn . (ii) b. sl.: j lti or igi (iii) rn: n j fr (iv) b. r: y r. n j (v)
tu: n j . f. (vi) g: ja e. ran (vii) kr lr .so: Ewr. t so ml. . t j (viii) p.
j: Iy. ti j ob.. t o s (ix) d gbangba: Mo ti j oj n . (x) t: Dd ni wn . j s
(xi) b ljij: j l m (xii) kn sl. : It. n j lnu. r. (xiii) m: . j ir. mi (xiv)
par: w.e od n j.
j: figa gbga: Wn . j.
jn: l: jn m ngi.
j.: (i) s. e: j. olk. (ii) bra: j. . j. (iii) gb ly: Mo j. k lo. (iv) dhn: Mo p ,
j. mi (v) s. i.s. : Ogn n j. (vi) l: Bya a j. w.
j.e: (i) fi eyn rn k a s gb e m: je. br.d (ii) s. e or ire: je. t.t. (iii) nl ti san pad:
 j.e m lw (iv) gor: je. oy (v) s. e: n j.e fj (vi) n: je. e. gba.
j.: rn: Ewr. n n j. kkiri.
j: (i) m ohun t k s. e t.eni: ji ow mi (ii) dde nl. : j n or ibsn.
j: m shn-n shn-n:
. ji ogn olmi n k t mu n.
jn: (i) ti k s nts: Il wa jn s ti won . (ii) wol.
. gan-an: Ih n jn pp. (iii) fi gb:
jn m l.s. lti yn
. (iv) fn: fi gbogbo r. jn m (v) sub: jn s kt.
j: (i) fifi tap te. s. dr s l: n j (ii) gbal. s i: In n j (iii) ta: Ipn j o (iv) f
. . s. e. . :
In j o (v) le. nnkan p: . j irin m. irin (vi) tn: tp n j (vii) di dd t k s
s. e je. m: . Onje. t s s or in ti j (viii) hn lra: Wrp gbn . j o.
j: (i) lu: Ab. y.en n j (ii) tn: In n j.
jo:
. (i) b mu: jo. m. A k yt. s ara wa (ii) jo. s. e nnkan p: . Gbogbo wa jo. lo. ni. K s e.
ni t dr s. yn (iii) s. e p. l ay:
. Odn d, odn jo, . a dp. lw. . Olwa (iv) db:
jo. b...
j:
. m y t k knn kr: jo. lb.
ju: (i) n kkr: gbdo n ti ju (ii) h: A.so. y t ju.
j: (i) p. koj:. Er mi ju tir. lo. (ii) so: . ju kta s i (iii) s.: ju ow . . s mi (iv) fi: N
k f. nnkan mrn ju w (v) fi shn-n shn-n: . Aj n n ju r (vi) sn: ju
igb (vii) koj . sk tb y t t: . p. j (viii) fi: j m lw. . sl..

Kk
k: (i) s. :. k bb n (ii) j: k osn (iii) m kr nbi t a s a s: k a s. o. (iv) k
pap: . k e. ni kr nl. (v) t fn: Onj.e y y ka odn . (vi) k koj
. agbra e. ni:
Ow. . mi k i.s. y (vii) su ara jo: . k rgd (viii) yo: . Eyn r. k (ix) kr: k
ok
. bb r.
k: (i) pe won . l. ta sn tb s de: ka w r. (ii) s. e n mn mj: ka osn . r..
Gbogbo r. j. m.w (iii) so. gbogbo ohun t s. e t k dra: j. n k. n un ti
pa p . l
. op. . nyn je. (iv) fn: ka ogn r. l e lw . . (v) l: gb e ka or tbl.
kn: (i) yo. d.d.: Omi n n kn t t sn ab. (ii) l: kn m ngi (iii) d: kn igi
n s mj (iv) lf. fsk s. f: Oj n kn mi. Mo ti p..
kan: (i) bj.: Ob. . y ti kan. N k l je. . (ii) n. mb kk . :. ga kan ni gb w. K p
mj (iii) tn k: Ohn r. gba gbogbo dgb kan (iv) ls dnn: Il won . kan
gbnrn.
kn: (i) fi ow. l ko ko ko: kan l.kn k to s. i (ii) d: L.yn Il-If. , a kan Il.s (iii)
tn kiri: ryn wa ti kn (iv) fi l: fi gn . kan y (v) t. s ni: m ni kn (vi)
s. e lnd: kn gb a lti ni l.s. . .
k: (i) pariwo: k (ii) p: k s mi
k.: (i) tj:
. k. mi (ii) fi i s ip t a ti l yn n: k. bon. .
k.e: ohn aago: Aago n n r k.e, k.e, k.e.
k.: (i) bj.: Eran
. y ti k. . K s. e j.e m. (ii) bur s i: Egb r. ti k. (iii) p. s i: In n n
k. (iv) rinl.: Ohn r. k. (v) s. e gn: Es. . r. k..
k: (i) s. e n pl.. : k mi (ii) p: n k n w (iii) m fm . .s. d: il ---> ilkl (iv) at.
ka br: K ni w?
ki: s. e allmi pp: . Ob.
. r. ki.
k: (i) pe ork: k (ii) m: ki eku n m l . . (iii) m lkn
. le: k m ly (iv) k. :
ki bon..
kn: (i) sn m: . kn mi gan-an ni ow . . r. s. e t mi ngb t n ow. s d . . mi (ii) atka
.
br: Kn ni? (iii) w. fn: kn mi l.yn (iv) fi ow . . s: kn r
. . mi l.yn.
k: (i) gb j: Il y ti k (ii) m: k won . l.r (iii) pal. m: . k er
. r. (iv) l: k
ts
. (v) j: ko ow won (vi) y: k ow. fi ow n ra mt . (vii) w: . k
sn igb.
k: (i) pd: k m ln . (ii) atka
. ysd: Ol k lo. (iii) y igi in in pad: ko in.
k:
. (i) mo: . k. il (ii) fi kn m: . k. . k. (iii) l y ni: k. o. n . k. (iv) fi s ara nn
kan: fi a.so. r. k. igi (v) s. aj: mi ni k. s. e tn (vi) atka . ysd: wo. k. ni
s. e (vii) ja iyn: Wn . k. o. p won . oknrin
. ni y bor obnrin.
ko:
. (i) pariwo: kk. ko. (ii) dn: Bt n n ko. (iii) hn-n-tr: ko. w (iv) g e. yn:
ko. p.
. e (v) k y.p. jo:. ko. eb (vii) fi ohn m r ddn jde lti enu: . ko. orin
(viii) y: ko. . gb. s mi.
k:
. .se nnkan: k. lti lo. .
k: (i) fi ay sl. : ti k (ii) iye t j s: Ow oj . mi k s nr m. rin.
ku: ljij: kn m ku.
k: (i) t l sil.: ku m. ta (ii) j: . ku lb. (iii) pariwo: j n k (iv) k af. f. gb
kiri: Eruku n k.
kn: d e. nu: kk n kn fn omi.
kun: (i) j: kun igb (ii) g s kkk: kun e. ran.
kn: (i) fi d . dr s: kun il r. n w. funfun (ii) j. k dn: kn bt r. (iii) s. e
sr. . jk tb k ma k b oyin: n kn (iv) pariwo: In r. n kn (v) sr:
kn lo. (vi) fin s: kun gb. (vii) fi pa: kun tk s oj (viii) tgb tb k
f. sn: Orun n kn n.

Ll
l: (i) fi ahn . f: l ob. . (ii) r nnkan n oj orun: l l.
l: g: l s mj (ii) lw: l (iii) pn: la il. n fn won . (iv) s. : la ow. . r.. Mo
si fi w n l e lw . . (v) j. k sn: bu omi l (vi) oj mo: . Oj . . ti la (vii) p.t
s aw: . l wn . nj (viii) yo. nn ewu: Ol . run
. l .
l: (i) sr t.l : l e wol . (ii) yo. kr: wn . l e n il-w (iii) s or nnkan: Mo gb. s.
l e (iv) w: Ap mi l (v) p. s i: A.so. mi ti l kan . s i (vi) t fn tt: l i.su
(vii) jde: O.s l.
le: (i) t k rorn: . I.s. y le (ii) lgbra: Ot
. y le (iii) y: Ara mi le. (iv) t k r: . Igi y le
(v) bur: Oknrin
. y.en le.
l: (i) wfn:
. O l ma lo. t b w . (ii) kp: Mo l s. e . K ju agbra mi lo.
l.: s: Al. ti l.
l.e: l s. i.s. : l.e pp. . Ow. . r. k ran nnkan kan.
l.: (i) fi g. m. m: . le. w n m. ara giri (ii) t l l shn-n l shn-n:
. Igi y l. .
n m sb m shn-n. .
l: fi ara bal. : Lo. l fn . m r.e.
l: (i) fi s. e nnkan: l n lkul (ii) t.: l s ap tn
. (iii) b n b.sep:
. l .
l:
. (i) gbn: l. . f. (ii) y sd: l. o. lrn
. (iii) dn: In n l. mi (iv) gbn d. : Omi
n ti l. (v) yn: l. mi n knn.
lo:
. kr n ibi ti a wa: ti k lo. s bdn.
l:
. (i) j. k knn: lo. ata (ii) so. fn ni: fi r . . n l. (iii) j. k dn: lo. won
. a.so.
r..
l: p p: . l won . mra.
.
lu: fi iho s lra: lu et r. .
l: (i) fi y je. : l (ii) k s: lu jngbn . (iii) fi nnkan gb: lu l.

Mm
m: (i) at ka
. ib- s. . l. atr
. e. re. : Mo m b a l o. (ii) atka . ib- s. . l. brak: Mo m b a l o.
ljoojm. .
m: atka
. ysd: M lo. w .
m: atka
. t.enum: . m lo.
m: j. k mm jde: n m. K t k.
m: (i) j. k koj
. s in: mi ogn onkr (ii) t shn-n shn-un; . n mi igi n (iii)
d lm: Whl n k m m.
m:
. (i) s. e dt:
. A.so. m m. . Mo s. . . s. f. . ni (ii) l.: fi ow m. on . nwj or (iii) yn
.
s: In r. m. s i (iv) k il. m s: Oj ti m. (v) ll.bi: Ara r. m. (vi) tj: . m.
egb ap r. (vii) r m: Il. ti m. ol (viii) kbm: . Oj r. ti m. (ix) fi ow . . s:
un nkan ni fi ara m. ohun t mo so. (x) d: Gdgd k ml. .
mo:
. (i) k: . O mo. il (ii) s. e d: . mo. kk (ii) t: B mo s. e mo n y.
m:
. (i) y: mo. dhn br n (ii) b l p: . mo. yw r. .
m: (i) fi s ow . :. m un dn (ii) t k k l. nu: Wn . lo. ob.
. e n. m dada (iii) fa ki
nnkan s. e. l. : m mi wl (iv) k nnkan ma s. e nyn: tt m mi (v) gb. san:
Or mi ti m un (vi) r: l ni o m a.so. y? (vii) fi . sn kan: m mi ll (viii)
t.l: m mi lo. (ix) fi s ow . :. m un.
mu: (i) gb m: mu omi (ii) f s in k a s tu jde: mu sg (iii) fa s e. nu k a s
gb e m: Om . o. n mu oyn . y r. (iv) j.e: Ikn ti m igi n (v) fi l or ahn: .
mu tb.
m: s pam: . m s ab. igi. Wn . w a, won . k r i.

Nn
n: (i) at ka
. ib- s. . l . at . r e. r e. : Mo n l o. sb . (ii) at ka
. ib- s. . l . brak: Mo n l o. sb .
ljoojm. .
n: r
. -arp
. -ork
. o. e. ni kn e. yo. n ip olw: N lo. .
n: (i) fi ra nnkan: Mo n ow (ii) yow: . Mo n oj . (iii) lo. s: Mo n n oj . (iv) t: Mo n
n oj.
.
n: (i) l: n m (ii) f: n n lti mo. b ti gn t (iii) fi tka . s: na w n s i,
s gb .
n: (i) ohun t j. ti e. ni: n ow (ii) p: n un n b. (iii) y nnkan: w n il (iv)
 kjop . :
. N ako,. n abo ni Ol . run
. d nyn (v) s. .s. -n-t. l: n k n en n j.
ni: (i) j. ti e. ni: un l ni ow y (ii) bal. : Ara n ni m (iii) atka . aw-gblhn
. kys
altenum
. :
. Ol ni s. e (iv) gk fn e. ni: Bn b jni t j om . o. eni,
. ara e. ni l
k. gbn . (v) wa: r ni.
n: kn: fi i.s. oj . tt n i.s. t.s.
n: (i) j. k m: . fi a.so. nu ara giri (ii) t a k r: n w gtn r. t n (iii) fn n
onj.e: n nu omo. r. (iv) m kr: fi a.so. nu omi oj r..

Oo
: r
. -ar
. p . -ork
. o. eni
. k. ta e. yo. n ip b:
. r . . n dn wn . l.yn gb t wn . r jinl..
o: mfm
. .s. d: gb ---> ogb (ii) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. Mo m g.
.
d. n, mo b o j.e .
: : (i) mfm
. .s. d: Ser
. ---> .sr (ii) atka
. te. num: . Mo b o .

O
. o.
:
. r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. eni
. k. ta e. yo. n ip b: . Mo lo. s d r.s n, mo si bo. .
.
o:
. (i) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. fi om
. o. d
. . kan rn.s,
. mo s b. o. (ii) mo.
fm .s. d: gbn . ---> ogb . n. .
:
. (i) mfm .s. d: le. ---> l. . e (ii) atka
. te. num:. M lo. o. .
n:
. r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b: . Mo gb om . o. t gb sl. . Mo pn
. n . s .
yn mi.
on:
. r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:. Mo m b. . e n. Mo pn . on. dada, m
gan-an ni.
n:
. atka
. t.enum: . Mo pn . on . n.
.

Pp
p: ls irun: Or r. p.
pa: (i) j. k s. e als: pa ej n (ii) so:. pa l. fn wa (iii) ra: fi epo pa ow. (iv)
k onj.e m s n in: Ebi n pa m (v) k r. lni lr: j n pa m (vi) k rn
lni lr: Orn n pa m (vii) lsr . :
. Wn. pa rr . . (viii) sr
. :
. Wn . n pa ariwo (ix)
d lm: Ot . n pa (x) s. .se: fi ara pa (xi) j. k om. o. jde nn e. yin: Ady.e n
ti pa (xii) l: pa ob (xiii) t: pa ow (xiv) j: Wn . fi j pa e. . ta (xv) w sn:
Wn . pa oj ogb.
. n (xvi) g: Wn . pa gb. (xvii) k: Wn . pa in (xviii) dar: W.
n pa .se. fn un p k ma lo. (xix) f: . Wn. pa kr. .
p: (i) k ara jo: . Wn . p (ii) n: p un n b. (iii) mfm
. fi-gblhn s. . d orko: .
r p un w (iv) ls. k: p prpr (v) m r w: I.s. mi p.
p: n k w: Wn . p .
p.: (i) s. e tt d: p. . un ni gb. yn d (ii) y.: p. e. sl. (iii) s. e tt bj. : p.
pp. lw. . mi.
pn: (i) l: pn in s mj (ii) j. k y t kan e. ni k. kan
. d ow
. . r.: pn in fn won. .
pin: t k koj . s ibi kankan m: . n. dr p. . e pin.
p: or.s ariwo kan: Enu . mi r p.
p: y m. ara: bu mlk sn t, po mjj p. .
p:
. (i) f. at. gn s: p. ty (ii) sn ara k: p. wol
. (iii) k dt
. jde: p. fun e. ran.
p:
. (i) s. e mo. nwn:. Wn . p. gan-an ni (ii) b: po. onje. t j.e (iii) t k wn:
. I.su p.
lj
. ln.
pn:
. (i) yn: Ntor p n pn . on. ni se n an lw (ii) pupa: Oj r. pn . (iii) l:
. pn
.
d r. (iv) fi ew y: n pn . mnm
. n
. (v) dt:
. A.so. r. pn
. (vi) s. e lw lw
. :
.
Oj n pn. on.
.
pon:
. (i) s: pon . ot
. (ii) fi ab. tb korob gb wl: pon . omi.
pn:
. (i) gb s . yn: pon . om. o. r. (ii) gbra lo:
. Wn
. m n
. pn..

Rr
r: (i) fi s. e wt: Ow t fi sl. ti r. K r i m. (ii) f: ra wo. ab. rw lo. .
ra: (i) pa: fi epo ra ara (ii) so: ra okn w e ( so n okn).
r: (i) bj: . Eran
. y ti r. K s. e j.e m. (ii) gba nnkan k o s sanw fn un: ra bt n
n nr m. w.
rn: (i) fi w hun p: . rn a.so. n (ii) n k a bni s. e nnkan: rn an n.s. (iii) k ibi t
ti san t.l. tn ma dn ni l.se p a tn fi pa: Es . . ti mo fi pa n odn. t koj. ti
ti san tn n rn mi (iv) kr: Om . o. y ran pp. j fn oj . . or r. (v) fara d:
fy rn an.
ran: (i) so. w tt di y t a fi n rnso: . ran w (ii) j gan-an: n ran lj agbo.
rn: (i) k b: k ik. rn m (ii) b s. e: rn m l.r (iii) tn: Orn n rn (iv) j: Igi t
a k sn ti rn (v) tn k: sn y ti n rn (vi) kp: Ow . . mi rn n. Mo l n n
dada (vii) f: gbn rn wo. in igb lo. .
r: (i) m kr: r a.so. kr n or k. (ii) b. sl. : Osn . n r lti or igi (iii) bu d.
kr: r omi n lr (iv) g: Mo r knn mi (v) gb b: fi i r (vi) m:
Tkt n r m. eku nl kan (vii) kr: Ik r lr mi.
re: (i) s. e n: Igi n re ew (ii) yaj: Om . o. n re j (iii) j: re ata.
r: (i) lo: . Nbo lo r? (ii) n y: un r .
r.: (i) f.rn ara: Wn . r. (ii) g: Wn . r. eran
. n s w. w..
r.e: (i) fi sn omi k l r: . Wn . r.e a.so. n (ii) r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. n kej e. yo. t j. . yn:
A.so. re. n y.
r.: (i) s. e lkun: M ti s. i.s. pp. . ti r. m (ii) p. s i: Wn . b s i, wn . r. s i (iii) w.
sl: Ew igi n ti r. (iv) pupa: dd n r. dd (iv) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta
e. yo. t j. . yn: A.so. r. n y.
r: (i) fi oj kan: r mi (ii) je. : r r lr oj . (iii) jo:
. Bwo n s. e r? (K ni jo?) . (iv)
t.l.: lo. s ib. r.
ri: jn s sl.: Il. n ri.
r: k s in omi: Ok . . n r.
rn: fi hn p in e. n dn: rn . rn.
rin: (i) n omi nn: Iy. n rin (ii) p: . j n rin il. (iii) fi irin ha: rin gar.
rn: (i) k ma gb e. s. n k . . kan
. k a s ma sn s iwj tb . yn: rn wl (ii) fi o.
w. t: . rn m n aby (iii) t.: rn m ml . . (iv) f. j. k nyn b: rn m
ly.
r: (i) r
. . mrn fn 'nr': r s iwj g . r. (ii) dr: r d m.
ro: (i) dn: Es. . n ro m (ii) g: ro oko (iii) kn: n ro s in ab. (iv) le: n ro fn Ol .
(v) n f. lti r: Oj n ro m ntor Ad.
r: (i) k okn. w lra nnkan: ro in l e lr (ii) p p: . ro ob.
. n or in (iii) so: . ro
e. j. fn un (iv) s: ro . f..
r:
. (i) so: . r. l (ii) fi pa: fi e. s. r. (iii) yn: r. gb (iv) dn: ga y n r. k.k. (v)
t: r. mt . n s oj n . (vi) yi: Okn y r. (vii) s. ako: . Om
. oknrin
. n n r.
(viii) k nnkan knn k s ma f d. : . Iyn y r. (ix) jo. rn p: . Wn . r. lo..
ro:
. (i) gbe. : Ew y ti ro. (ii) dj: n . t ro. ni o gb (iii) s. e: ro. ok. . (iv) ti k l l
dada: Es . . r. kan ro. (v) d: ro. omi s in g.
r:
. (i) b. sl.: j r. (ii) d.: Osn. n r. (iii) s. p. fn: r. . p k m lo. (iv) k m
le: Aj y r. (v) da or kod: b . o. n r. lr igi (vi) k ot. kr lj e. ni: Oj r. ti
r. (vii) k nyn m bn m: . In r. ti r. (viii) il. n s lo:
. Oj. . ti r. (ix) k mu
won . ohun t a f.: n s. , n r. (x) gb s . gb.: ro. om
. o. r..
r: (i) yo: . Ew n n r b. (ii) yi pa p: . r omi (iii) d jngbn . sl.: r l (iv) t.e
lj: r fin (v) k: r in s onj e. n (vi) lo. sk: fn n r (vii) s. e: r e.
bo. (viii) ro:. r ok. . (ix) w: . r s a.so. (x) l jde: r igb k l r e. ran pa.
ru: (i) so: . Omi n n ru (ii) s: r ru (iii) bn: In r. ru (iv) yo. ff lju: O. . se. n n
ru.
r: (i) s. e alsanra: r (ii) gb: ru er. .
rn: (i) di w.w.: wo n rn (ii) j.e l.nu: rn ob (iii) s. i.s. lra: rn awo. (iv) y
pad: rn ara lr e. n.
run: (i) dn: In n run m (ii) k tn ptpt: Il won . ti run (iii) bj. : run l.
rn: (i) j fkn: n rn (ii) fi kel b: n run ob. . (iii) fi gbo e. nu: n run pk.

S.s
s: (i) j. k gbe. : s a.so. (ii) fi er g e: s fn un.
s: (i) k pe ni ni orko. t a fi n s. ako: . Wn. s (ii) mra: sa gbogbo agbra r. (iii) s. e:
sa gn (iv) fa l dm. s lra: Mo s lm (v) baatis: Mo s lm (vi) at.
ka bw . fn:
. Mo dp. s.
san: (i) fn ni: san ow r. (ii) jin: Egb r. ti san (iii) s. e pad: san oore (iv) tbi:
san ara.
sn: (i) k ara y: ti sn fn un (ii) dra: sn j m lo. (iii) y pad s rere: n sn lo. .
s: (i) d: Wn . s frs (ii) s. e alb. s oj nnkan: kta t j s oj ih n.
s: k gb l in k s j. k jin: se ob. . il.
s.: (i) k. sl.: s. . mi lj gbogbo ay (ii) j: . s. . g (iii) atka. tenum
. :
. mi n s. . .
s.: (i) t jde: j.. n s. n ara r. (ii) wy: .s. l. nl s. (ii) fi gb: s.e or m. Ad.
s: (i) r
. -at
. kn
. t n tka
. s ibi t a n lo.
. lo. s k (ii) w: K s ni ib..
s: (i) s: w. r. ti s (ii) r . -asop
. :
. r , s je. . .
sn: (i) ti at.gn jde n im ljij: sn (ii) pa: sn kr. (iii) b: . fi w sn l.k..
sin: (i) b ml. . : Wn . sin k won . (ii) pam: . fara sin.
sn: (i) bo: . Wn . sin Olwa (ii) b lo: . sn n lo. s ib. (iii) fi fn n gbyw: sin om . o.
r. fn ok. o. (iv) tj:
. n sn ady.e (v) k sr . . da s nyn: Enu . k sn lra r.
 (vi) s. i.s. fn: sin n fn odn
. m. f (vii) br fn: sn n n ow.
s: ba aff.. j.: Ngb t s, gbogbo nyn fi ow . . bo im k wn . m ba gb. rn.
so: (i) ta n kk: so igi n p. (ii) yo. om . o: . Osn
. n so so pp. (iii) k ta okn m.
orn
. k fi k. igi k l pa ara e. ni: Ik trun. w k. n k, sso ni so (iv) n
kk lra: Ara r. so.
so:
. (i) yo. jde: Igi n so. l.gb.. (ii) f:. so. r . . (iii) fi gb: fi e. nu so. igi (iv) j: Mo so.
. s in ab. (v) rn pap: . so. igb (vi) gb. : so. il..
s:
. (i) w s il: . s. lti or k (ii) so. ohun t n fi nt. lrn
. hn: ti r. l ti n s..
s: (i) fn. nnkan k n te tij. k l h: s so . f. (ii) d lgara: s mi (iii) yo: .
Ew oko s (iv) s. gr: Ara mi s.
sn: (i) k m k nnkan kr n ibi t w t. l.: sn un s d . . mi (ii) gn: gn
. sn mi
l.s..
sun: (i) fi in j k l jin. sun e. ran n (ii) t jde: Omi n sun lti in pta.
sn: (i) pa oj d k oorun m ni lo: . sn l or ibsn (ii) fi oj d gangan . ibi t ohun
t a f. so. nnkan l w. sn n dada k kta r. l b .

S.
.s
s. : (i) g: s. a n ogb . . (ii) fa l: s. k.k. (iii) tn: s. in (iv) k wo. s. : A.so. y ti s.
(v) t ko s. e gbkn . l: Mo fs kan s. (vi) t k l m so pup. jde: l. y ti s. .
s. : m: Mo s. wn . nil..
s. n: (i) g: Mo s. n igb (ii) r.: fi sm.nt s. n giri (iii) j sb, j shn-n: . sn ap
(iv) b je. : Ej s. n an (v) s. m: . gb e s. nl..
sn: (i) w. lti ibi kan lo. s ibmrn: Omi n n s. n lo. (ii) fo. ara ls o. . se. : s. an ara (iii)
fo. o.
. se. kr lra: s. an a.so. (iv) t k ki: Ob. . y s. n.
s. : atka
. br: S . Ol lo? .
s. e: (i) s. . d nnkan: s. e pt (ii) so. d: s. e n fin (iii) t a l l fn nnkan: Awo. y s. e
s. e bt (iv) atka . t.enum: . Se
. ni mo j. e. (v) b mu: s. e w.k (vi) s. o: . s. e ni
p.l. .
s. . : (i) d: s. . igi n (ii) k: Mo s. . a.so. n s mj (iii) fi ew bo il: s. . il n (iv)
jmrn . nnkan t p: . Ikn s. . lti ib. (v) s. lw lw
. : . I.s. n s. . e. .
s. e. : di t: . r . . r. s. e. .
s. . : (i) d rn:
. s. . s fin l won . (ii) w lti ibi kan: If. ni a ti s. . (iii) k nnkan t k
dra wy: f . . s. . . (iv) b. sl.: In s. . (v) gb: fi ori s. e. e. r n.
s. : (i) r p: . s. ow (ii) t k s n ppade: s. l.kn (iii) r: s. yn (iv) j. k ma lo: .
s. ok. . (v) b. r.: s. gun (vi) kr: s. lo. s k (vii) yn: s. n b .
s. : (i) s. e .s.se: s. i .sir mj (ii) t k t dw. r. dr: s. n lo. s ib. (ii) t k tuntun
m: . w. a.so. n ti s. (iv) ti ara r. k y gg: Oj r. s. .
s. : tbi j: Skt
. y s. . m.
s. :
. db b: Ol . d.
. e n s. . il n.
s. : (i) di dd: Il. ti s. (ii) f.. r: . j ti s. (iii) s. e moore: fi ibi s. u (iv) fi b san
b: s. mi lhn.
s. u: ygb: . lo. s. u.
s. : (i) s. e rbt: s. u . b (ii) pn: . s. u . ko. (iii) p jo. l lr: won . oyn s. b .
 Tt
ta: (i) yo. sta: Eyn r. ta (ii) fi nnkan gn lra: Oyn ta (iii) atka . m br: Ta ny.en?
(iv) yn: ta bon . (v) gb: E. . sn ta np (vi) f: . Mo ta ifn . t l s mi lra (vii)
wn . s: ta epo s mi lra (viii) so m. nnkan: ta okn (ix) s s iwj: ta kr
(x) s. e. l. s ljij: ta gr (xi) j: At ta m l . nu (xii) s. e er: Wn . ta ay (xiii) yo.
mo: . I.su y ta (xiv) rn: n ta snsn (xv) pariwo: kk ta (xvi) yo: . Orn ta
(xvii) f. jin: gbdo ti a sun y n ta pr (xviii) s. e lw: .s ta (xix) dn: Or
n ta m.
t: fn nyn n nnkan k s gba ow r. : ta oj . fn mi.
tan: j. ara il: Wn . tan
tn: (i) k m l lo. s ib kankan m: . ti tn s k (ii) j. k wy: In tn (iii) s. e .s
t: . tn m.
te: k jo. n mn mj: O te jo.
t.: (i) d oj t: ti t. lr r . . y.en (ii) n sl. : t. e. n (iii) t k n adn: Onj.e y ti t.
(iv) s. e pe. r.es.e: Il. n t..
t.: (i) gbs. . l: t. . (ii) s. e t: . t. (iii) b. r. gn: te. iyn (iv) b sr . :
. Wn . n t. (v)
fi . ro. hn-n-tr: te. w (vi) s: t.e . b (vii) r m: Ow . . ti t. . (viii) fi e. s.e rn
lr: n t.e il. j.j. (ix) jn: Ab. y t. s in (x) mra sl. lti bmo: . Obi t. . (xi) fi
korin:
. n t.e dr.
t: (i) s. e tuntun: A.so. n ti t (ii) l: t mi ngi (iii) atka . aw. -gblhn a.spjwe: A.s
o. t mo ra ny.
ti: (i) ha: fi knn ti j.e (ii) atka . ib-.sl . . a.setn: ti lo. (iii) atka
. br: Tir.e ti j.?
(iv) orsun: ti k lo. s bdn (v) t j. t.eni: A.so. ti mi.
t: (i) w nts: Il wa ti tir. (ii) rr: t (iii) sn s iwj: ti mt . n (iv) pad: ti
l.kn (v) so. di y.ep.er.e: Oj t .
tin: s. e alsanra: tin lp tin l.s. .
t: (i) s. e w.k: Ob. . y t m je. un (ii) b won . kan n: ga t mi (iii) rp. nnkan: t
a.so. m.ta t r (iv) y.e tb k t. s: A.so. n t nr m. w (v) atka . t.enum: .
Oj mi r t (vi) l fi kn: Ow . . mi t w n.
t: (i) w n or l: Wn . t (ii) k jo. p. n e. se. e. s.e: t wn. .
t:
. (i) p. . bj.: Bt y t. . Odn
. k.ew t mo ti n l n y (ii) gn: p . bon . n t. (iii)
w n j: t. mi (iv) b mu: r . . t so. t. (v) k. tb k gb ld . :
. t. mi (vi)
b s. er: n to. mi k n l d s r . . r. tb k n l b a s. er (vii) b nn: t. ob. s
in wo (viii) j n k . . kan:
. t. f . . (ix) fi ow
. . kn: t. mi (x) y.e k j. teni: .
t. s mi.
to:
. (i) f: to. sk (ii) je. : y to. l e.
t:
. (i) t. l: t. m l.yn (ii) s. . y: . n t. .
t: (i) yo. kr nn d: t u sl. (ii) d: t omi s i (iii) so: . tu .sr mi (iv) sr
kr n ibi kan: Oj . t (v) f: . Ewo mi ti t (vi) r. k s dra lti je. l.nu: I.su n
n t (vii) m kr: t i.su lr in.
tu: (i) bu it. s: Ej n tu s i lj (ii) sr: tu ngb t r ej (iii) f yo: . tu korko
(iv) s n k . . kan:
. tu wn . jo. .
t: (i) w: tu ok . . (ii) r:
. t nn (iii) k ara y: Owo n ti t m.
tn: l.. kan s i: tn lo. s ib. .

Uu

: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. r l or.
u: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. d u n orn.
.
: atka
. t.enum:
. d .
n: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. dn n.
un: r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta e. yo. n ip b:
. m un.
n: atka
. t.enum:
. fn un n.

Ww
w: (i) rn snm. d . . e. ni: w s il (ii) f. lti r ohun t son:. Wn. n w ow n (iii)
gbn:
. n w rr (iv) s: n w onj.e (v) nsisiy: w y mi (vi) j s: w j.
p n b. .
w: (i) s. e k: w dada (ii) gb. : wa il. (iii) j. k rn: wa ok . . (iv) m kr:
Mo wa rs lr in (v) mu: Mo wa gar.
w: y m. nnkan: Mo w gl mi s or.
w.: (i) t k sanra: w. (ii) gn tb k a l. k ma knn: w. ata (iii) b s. er: w.
p.l yw r. .
w.e: nnkan le tb nnkan n p: . Il. w.e.
w.: (i) f:
. w.e ara r. (ii) k.: mi w. .
w: (i) so:. K l w? (ii) d: w s.
w: sun: wi e. ran.
wn: y: wn mi lw.
w: (i) d lul.: Il n w (ii) k: Erin w.
wo: (i) k ara snk b kta: Om . o. n wo (ii) s. e sn: Om. o. n k sn b. . ni k wo.
w: (i) fi oj r: w. m (ii) b.r: n wo hn wo hn . (iii) dk.: r
. . r. di w m n w
. (iv) s. e kys dada: w w (v) tj: . w sn (vi) br r . . lw
. :.
wo if s r . . n (vii) b: . wo om . o. n dgb (viii) m j. k k: Ol . run
. wo o.
mo. n.
w:
. (i) s. e algn: Igi y w. (ii) f nl.: w. o. (iii) fi ow . . ti ornkn rn: n f (iv) l
b. s d kej: fi e. s. w. omi koj . (v) jo. rn pap: . r n w. nn il won . (vi) fi
pa: fi ogn w. o. lra.
w:
. (i) gb: w fn mi (ii) k s: wo. in il (iii) j b: . so w. sl. (iv) gb s orn:.
wo. . w (v) ko dt . jde: Mo wo. b.p.e (vi) gb: w. s il mi (vii) d s ibi t
y sn: Ady.e n ti w. (viii) pad s ibi t ti jd: Orn ti w. (ix) t dada:
Aj wo. igb (x) m. lra gan-an: Oorun-n w. . lra (xi) dk . : w. sin (xii)
wwo: Er . n w. . lrn . (xiii) ry: r ibi b w. ..
wn:
. (i) r . -ar
. p-ork
. o. eni
. k.ta p . . n ip olw: Wn . lo. (ii) k m p: . j k r. .
Om wn . ldn
. y (iii) m kr: wn . a.so. son
. n ara r. (iv) j: wn . l.kn
(v) kn s: wn . omi s i lra (vi) m: wn . b. l
. (vii) gb l. nu om:
. Om
. o. n
 ti wn. (viii) gb ow lr: Oj . r.e ti wn . j (ix) fi pa: Es . . m wn.
.
won:
. (i) kn sl.: Oj n won . (ii) r. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta p
. . n ip b:
. Mo r won
. (iii)
r
. -ar
. p-ork
. o. e. ni k.ta p
. . n ip olw: Won . k r i.
wn:
. (i) y.e b nnkan ti tbi t w: won . ara r. lr skl (ii) y.e b nnkan ti ga t w:
fi rl won
. ara r. .
w: (i) gb. : w il. (ii) tob s i: Ara r. w (iii) s. e ni b i k a ma sunkn: Or r. w (iv)
tt dgb: w ju oj . . or r. lo. (v) gb. : w ik. (vi) gbdr: wre.
wu: w nn jmb: Ewu n wu .
w: (i) f.rn: w m (ii) bj.: b . y ti w (ii) dgb: gbdo y ti w.

Yy
y: (i) tt: y mi (ii) fn nyn n nnkan t a s gb pad lw . . r.: y mi n ow
(ii) gba nnkan lw . . nyn t a s san pad: Mo y ow lw . . r. (iv) kk t:
y k a lo. (v) rorn: . I.s. y ya s. e (vi) fi ow
. . fa jngbn: . Ara ik n y a (vii) sn:
Ara mi ti y (viii) dunn: Ara r. y gg (ix) gb s ara: y in.
ya: (i) g s w.w. : ya w (ii) k nnkan p. j k s d ibi t k d t.l.: Od n ya
(iii) gba . san: ya or lra r..
y: (i) ko. oj s: y s ap s (ii) f: ya wrn (iii) fi b a s. e j. hn: ya l . e. (iv)
km: ya irun (v) r koj: . b mi ln . s y m (vi) pn s t . . t
. :
. Wn . y
wn..
yn: (i) ti af. f. jde lti e. nu: yn h (ii) n: yn mi lp . (iii) j: Aj n yn r
(iv) bal. ara: Wn . na om . o. mi, oj mi yn (v) bje. : Ej yn an.
yan: (i) sun: Wn . yan e. ran (ii) rora . ma gb e. s. n k . . kan:
. n yan b olw.
yn: (i) r: yan k . o. (ii) so. d: yn m n a.soj r. (iii) di t.wgb: . Ob yn.
y: (i) k mo. ohun t e. ni kan n so: . y mi (ii) yn: Ady.e n y e. yin (iii) d dr: y
i.s. . s. e (iv) jw
. : . Y, b mi s. e .
y: s. e k: Om . o. n ti y.
y.e: s. e w. mu tb k b a mu: y.e . .
y.: p. sl. tb k sn un swj: y.e pd n s la. .
y: (i) rn n olbrpo: n y n oj kan (ii) pa oj d: y s hn . (iii) ma rora . lo: . n
y lo. .
yi: le: Eran
. y yi pp. .
yn: (i) rora . ma b: n yn onje. je (ii) y: yn rd r. sk (iii) . yin: r i yn (iv)
j. k ma jb. n k . . kan:
. yn gbdo (v) gb sk: yn im s mi.
yin: (i) g: fi b. . e yin et tbl (ii) fi ogb . n. br: yin r . . gb. l.nu r. (iii) rora . je. :
n yin n je. .
yn: (i) kan sr s: Wn . yn n fn oore nl t s. e fn won . (ii) ta: yin bon. .
y: (i) t eb k pa m: . Mo ti j.eun y (iii) mu muj ot: . Mo ti y.
y:
. (i) rora. rn: n y. b. l.yn mi (ii) di omi: Ynyn n ti y. .
yo:
. (i) hn s ni: yo. n kr (ii) f: yo. . s ta (ii) h: I.su n ti yo. jde (iii) kr:
yo. nn ewu (v) m jde: gbdo y ti yo. om . o. (vi) d dr: Wn . yo. . n.s. (vii)
jo. ni lj: I.s. r. yo. (viii) s. : r . . n ti yo. n . m mi (ix) dr j: In r. y. s mi.
y:
. (i) fi s. e e. ly:. Wn. y. . (ii) dunn: Wn . n y. (iii) k e. s.e wo. nl.: y. s sub (iv)
k: y. fn un (v) f d . . : . G. m
. n n y. (vi) mo. r . . . so:
. Enu
. r. y. (vii)
hw b om . o. a ti k. bj. : Wn . fn om. o. n n ogn nr, n k t un n je.
un. n y. ni.
yn: (i) lo: . yn ib. l.. m. ta (ii) ho: . yn ara (iii) f. ra k: ti yn.
yn: g: fi ayn yn n.