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MoRTH
Embankment construction:
Unsuitable materials swamps, OL, OI, OH or Pt. IS:1498, Clay WL > 50 and PI > 25, Salt, Combustion,
Frozen. Swell Index > 50%.
Coarse material size Embankment < 75mm and subgrade < 50mm.
[Height up to 3m 15.2kN/m3, more than 3m 16kN/m3 and subgrade and earthern shoulders /
verges / backfill 17.5kN/m3.] not for light weight materials.
Compaction Subgrade & earthern shoulders >97%, Embankment > 95%, expansive clay subgrade
& 500mm below the subgrade not allowed, remaining portion 90-95%.
Granular sub-base:
Physical requirements - Aggregate Impact Value <40, WL < 25 and PI < 6, CBR at 98% Minimum 30.
Lab Tests:
To remove clods, breaking up the aggregation of soil particles without reducing the size of the
individual grains.
Sieves 75mm, 63mm, 37.5mm, 19mm, 13.2mm, 9.5mm, 6.7mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 2.0mm,
1.18mm, 600 micron, 425 micron, 300 micron, 150 micron and 75 micron.
Pipette / hydrometer method for grain sizes smaller than 75 microns, <10% passing 75 micros then
this method is not applicable.
Cumulative
Weight Retained Weight Percentage
IS Sieve Designation Weight
(g) Retained (%) Finer (%)
Retained (%)
4.75 0 0 0 100
2.36 1.06 0.212 0.212 99.788
1.18 0.98 0.196 0.408 99.592
Moisture Content:
W = w2-w3/w3-w1
Liquid Limit:
Mechanical method:
25 blows.
20mm penetration.
Plastic limit:
Compaction:
Small percent (5%) of stones can be removed but huge quantity of sample removal will affect the
results. So it is better to go for higher diameter mould.
Check on total volume of soil compacted. More soil stuck on extension greater is the error.
Light compaction:
Heavy compaction:
Mould:
Blows - 25 - 55
For highly permeable soils such as clean gravels, uniformly graded and coarse clean sands this test
may provide poor guide.
CBR correlation with modulus of subgrade, modulus of resilience and plasticity index.
Force / unit area required to penetrate a soil mass with circular plunger of 50mm diameter at the rate
of 1.25mm/min.
Passing 19mm and retained in 4.75mm sieve - allowance larger material shall be made by
replacing equal amount of material.
Load shall be noted at penetrations 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 4, 5, 7.5, 10 & 12.5mm
Penetration - 0.01mm