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7/20/2017 Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III

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Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second language.

Watch out:

1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?


2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional sentence)?

There are three types of conditional sentences.

type condition

I condition possible to fulfill

II condition in theory possible to fulfill

III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form
type if-clause main clause

I Simple Present will-future or (Modal + infinitive)

II Simple Past would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)


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2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)


type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)


type main clause if-clause

I I will pass the exam if I study.

II I would pass the exam if I studied.

III I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

4. Examples (a irmative and negative sentences)


type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

+ If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study, I'll pass the exam.
I
If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam.
-
If I do not study, I will fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

+ If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam.
II
If I studied, I would not fail the exam. If I studied, I wouldn't fail the exam.
-
If I did not study, I would fail the exam. If I didn't study, I'd fail the exam.

If I had studied, I would have passed the If I'd studied, I'd have passed the
+
exam. exam.

III If I had studied, I would not have failed If I'd studied, I wouldn't have failed
the exam. the exam.
-
If I had not studied, I would have failed If I hadn't studied, I'd have failed the
the exam. exam.

* We can substitute could or might for would (should, may or must are sometimes possible, too).
I would pass the exam.

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I could pass the exam.


I might pass the exam.

I may pass the exam.


I should pass the exam.
I must pass the exam.

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Explanation
Conditional sentences, if-clauses type I, II, III Summary
Conditional sentences type I
Conditional sentences type II
Conditional sentences type III
if I were you or if I was you
Mixed conditionals
Real and unreal conditionals, Modals and position of if-clauses
Replacing if Omitting if if vs. when in case vs. if
will and would in if-clauses

Exercises
Conditional sentences Complex Test
Exercises Conditional sentences

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY

Grammar Explanations

Adjectives/Adverbs

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Articles

Conditional sentences - if

Gerund and Infinitive

Modal Auxiliaries, Modals

Nouns

Participles

Passive Voice

Phrasal Verbs

Prepositions

Pronouns

Quantifiers

Questions

Reported Speech

Sentences

Tenses

Various

Verbs

ALL Explanations

Grammar Exercises

Vocabulary Explanations

Vocabulary Exercises

TESTS & EXAMS

Complex Tests

Tests

Exams

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