ComputerScienceHonours2011

GrowthofPCinpasttwodecadesof20
f f thh
centuryputnewemphasisonuserinterface
design
Termusabilityhasitsrootsin14th century
1980termchangestowardnotonlymaking
h d l k
somethingfunctionalandusable,butalsoto
maximizetheentireuserexperience
h
 Userinterfaceisthesoftware:
U i t f i th ft
usablesoftwaresellsbetter
unusablewebsitesareabandoned
usabilityrating
easeofuse,customerserviceandnohassle
installation
Perceptionissometimessuperficial
attractiveUImayseemuserfriendly
usersblamethemselvesforUIfailings
peoplewhomakebuyingdecisionsarenotalways
end users
endusers
http://www.webpagesthatsuck.com
 Userstimeisntgettingcheaper
Designitcorrectlynow,orpayforitlater
Disastershappen:
h
Therac25radiationtherapymachine massive
overdose
AegisradarsysteminUSSVincennes Iranian
airlinershotdown
i li h d
Supertanker accidentoffEngland oilspill
PredatorUAVaccidentinArizona
 Usability:howwelluserscanusethesystem sfunctionality
Usability:howwelluserscanusethesystemsfunctionality
useful thesystemsupportsuserobjectives
usable thesystemsupportstheseobjectivesineasytouseways
Dimensionsofusability
learnability:howwelltheproductsupportsbothinitialorientation
anddeeperlearning
memorability:isiteasytorememberwhatyoulearned
effectiveness:accuracyandcompletenesswithwhichusersachieve
specifiedgoals
efficiency:thespeed(withaccuracy)inwhichuserscompletetheir
tasks
errors:theabilityoftheinterfacetopreventerrorsorhelpusers
recoverfromthosethatoccur
satisfaction:howpleasantorsatisfyingtheinterfaceistouse
ISO924111GuidanceonUsability
 Dependsontheuser
noviceusersneedlearnability
infrequentusersneedmemorability
expertsneedefficiency
Butnouserisuniformlynoviceorexpert
domainexperience
applicationexperience
featureexperience
p
 Designinginteractiveproductstosupportthe
waypeoplecommunicateandinteractin
theireverydayandworkinglives
h d d k l
Sharp,RogersandPreece (2007)

Thedesignofspacesforhuman
communicationandinteraction
Winograd (1997)
 Developusable productskeepingtheuser
experience inmind
usabilitymeanseasytolearn,effectivetouse
andprovideanenjoyable experience
I
Involveusersinthedesignprocess
l i h d i
bothdirectly throughinterviewsand/or
questionnaires
i i
andindirectly throughobservation
 VS.

Peanut shaped to fit in hand

Logical layout and colour-coded, distinctive buttons
Easy to locate buttons
 Numberofothertermsusedemphasizingwhat
N b f th t d h i i h t
isbeingdesigned
userinterfacedesign,softwaredesign,usercentred
g , g ,
design(UCD),productdesign,webdesign,user
experience(UX),interactionarchitecture(IA),
p
participatorydesign(PD),designresearch,human
p y g ( ), g ,
factors
Interactiondesignistheumbrella termcovering
alloftheseaspects
fundamentaltoalldisciplines,fields,andapproaches
concernedwithresearchinganddesigningcomputer
basedsystemsforpeople
concerned with the design, evaluation, and
implementation of interactive computing systems for
human use and with the study of major phenomena
surrounding them ACM SIGCHI 1992

that do interaction design

 Interactiondesignanduserinterfacedesignare
inseparable andmutuallyinterdependent
Interactiondesign:
thedesignofhowausercommunicates,orinteracts,witha
computerorobject
HCI:
Th
Thestudyofhowpeopleworkwithcomputersandhowcomputers
t d fh l k ith t dh t
canbedesignedtohelppeopleeffectivelyusethem
Userinterfacedesign:
theoverallprocessofdesigninghowauserwillbeabletointeract
withasoftwareapplication
Usability:
thecharacteristicofbeingeasytouse,usuallyappliedtosoftware,
butrelevanttoalmostanyhumanartefact
InteractionDesign

HCI

UID

Usability
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Oitvw
qCe8
 Itisnolongerenoughtodesignthingsthat
merelywork

Greateremphasisnowplacedonusability,
userexperienceandhowtechnologyfitsinto
dh h l f
anenvironmentoroverallsystem
 Softwaredesignershavealottoworryabout:
f d h l b
functionality usability/interactiondesign
performance
f size
i
cost reliability
security
security standards
Manydesigndecisionsinvolvetradeoffsamong
differentattributes
Welltakeusabilityasourprimarygoal
 Requirements

Design

Evaluate Implement
 Design Implement Evaluate

http://www.usabilitynet.org/tools/methods.htm
 knowthyuser
whoarethey?
whatdotheyalreadyknow?
whatistheirenvironmentlike?
whataretheirgoals?
 Designguidelines
helpyoutogetstarted
avoidboneheadmistakes
nohardandfastrules maybevagueor
contradictory
 Prototypingoftraditionalinterfaces:
f f
cheap,throwawayimplementations
lowfidelity:paper,WizardofOz
mediumfidelity:HTML,Java,C#,C++
 Prototypingofnontraditionalinputs?
f d l
Howcanyoumodelacamerabasedinteraction?
storyboarding?
b d
alotofcode!needtoknowfieldwell
Therearetoolsforrapidprototypingthatwewill
examineinthisclass
Suede
Suede speechbasedinterfaces
d.tools andexemplar physicaldevices/sensordevices
Eyepatch visionbasedinterfaces
 Evaluationputsprototypestothetest
E l i h
Twoobjectivesfortestingandmeasuring
1 diagnoseusabilityproblems
1.
userbasedmethods
expertorheuristicevaluation
2. evaluatewhetherusabilityobjectiveshave
bee ac e ed
beenachieved
requirementsforuserperformanceand
satisfactioncanbeevaluatedbyperformance
testing