Professional Documents
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Hematology:
Essentials of Hematology The study of blood and blood
forming tissues (bone marrow, blood, spleen
and lymph system)
Clinical Relevance
Essential blood components are
Gail L. Lupica PhD, RN, CNE necessary for clot formation (pharm to
Nursing 211 reverse that process).
oxygenation
immune function
transport
WHOLE BLOOD
Plasma- 55% -proteins 6%-
albumins
>>>
globulins
fibrinogin
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Erythrocytes:
Hemoglobin is the oxygen carrying
component (protein) of the erythrocyte.
It makes up 90% of the cells weight.
A single erythrocyte can carry 300
hemoglobin molecules, which pick up O2
from the lungs, carry it to the tissues and
exchange it for the by-product of cellular
metabolism = WHATS THAT???
Hgb gives blood its red color.
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Clinical Relevance-
Administering packed red blood cells
(PRBCs) is giving the patient only the
erythrocyte portion of the blood for its O2
carrying capacity.
Each heme site, is produced and bound
with Ferrous Iron.(Fe +2) An Fe deficient
diet disenables these cells to bind to Fe and
the pt is ANEMIC!! WHAT KIND OF
ANEMIA IS THIS?????
Clinical Relevance-
Clinical Relevance-
CO (carbon monoxide) competes with The hormone, erythropoietin,
the O2 on the on the Heme molecule. prompts the bone marrow to form a
The affinity of CO is 200x greater Red blood cell according to demands
than O2. THIS WOULD RESULT of the body, from an immature cell.
IN???? In fact, WBCs and platelets also develop
from that same immature stem cell
WHICH PATIENTS HAVE BEEN according to demands.
EXPOSED TO CO???
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Thrombocytes = Platelets
Platelets that initiate the clotting process.
Platelet plugs are initiated at the site of
any break of capillary integrity.
1. WHAT HAPPENS IF THEYRE TOO MANY???
2. WHAT HAPPENS IF THEYRE TOO FEW??
WHATS THE NORMAL PLT RANGE???
The Spleen
Lets look at some more Removes old RBCs from the circulation
Helps to Makes RBCs (Returns the iron
structures and functions of component of hemoglobin to the bone
the hematologic system: marrow for reuse)
Filters circulating bacteria with its rich
supply of lympocytes, monocytes and
explain their
and immunoglobins
Stores RBCs and PLTS
importance -WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF YOUR SPLEEN
ENLARGED??? = SPLENOMEGALY
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Anticoagulant Medications
Inhibit clot formation in the venous
system.
They do not dissolve but inhibit new
clot formation and inhibit growth of
existing clots.
What would dissolve a clot???
Thrombus arising in valve pocket at
upper end of superficial femoral vein
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manifestation of one of
several abnormal
conditions.
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Genetic disorder
Abnormal Hgb chains
react to lower oxygen states,
change their shape and pile together.
block blood flow causing even more
hypoxia to the tissues.
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QUESTION
A patient with sickle cell disease is
admitted with a diagnosis of Left arm
fracture. Which nursing intervention
would be the most helpful to prevent
vasocclusive pain?
1. Holding IV fluids until pain subsides
2. Administering pain medication every 3-4
hours as ordered
3. Administer po pain medication every 3-4
hours and IV meds for breakthrough pain
4. Administering IV fluids at an ordered rate of
200 ml/hr
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QUESTION
5. Which clinical manifestation, noted in
a patient with pernicious anemia,
would indicate that the patient has
been noncompliant with B12 injections?
1. Weight gain of 10 pounds in one month
2. Weight gain of 5 pounds in one week
B12 deficiency 3. Paresthesia of hands and feet
Glossitis, a smooth tongue as a result of vitamin B12
deficiency anemia
4. Complaints of constipation
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