Euthanasia (from the Greek εὐθανασία meaning "good death": εὖ, eu

(well or good) + θάνατος, thanatos (death)) refers to the practice of ending

a life in a manner which relieves pain and suffering. According to the
House of Lords Select Committee on Medical Ethics, the precise definition
of euthanasia is "a deliberate intervention undertaken with the express
intention of ending a life, to relieve intractable suffering."[1]
The judicial sense of the term "homicide" includes any intervention
undertaken with the express intention of ending a life, even to relieve
intractable suffering.[2][3] Thus judicially, a "mercy killing" or euthanasia
is generally considered to be a criminal homicide[4] and is normally used
as a synonym of homicide committed at a request made by the patient[3]
The controversy surrounding euthanasia centers around a two-pronged
argument by opponents which characterises euthanasia as either voluntary
"suicides", or as involuntary murders. (Hence, opponents argue that a
broad policy of "euthanasia" is tantamount to eugenics). Much hinges on
whether a particular death was considered an "easy," "painless," or
"happy" one, or whether it was a "wrongful death". Proponents typically
consider a death that increased suffering to be "wrongful," while
opponents typically consider any deliberate death as "wrongful."
"Euthanasia's" original meaning introduced the idea of a "rightful death"
beyond that only found in natural deaths.

Euthanasia may be classified according to whether a person gives

informed consent into three types: voluntary, non-voluntary and
involuntary

Voluntary euthanasia

Euthanasia conducted with the consent of the patient is termed voluntary

euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia is legal in Belgium, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Switzerland, and the U.S. states of Oregon and Washington.
When the patient brings about his or her own death with the assistance of a
physician, the term assisted suicide is often used instead.
Non-voluntary euthanasia

Euthanasia conducted where the consent of the patient is unavailable is

termed non-voluntary euthanasia. Examples include child euthanasia,
which is illegal worldwide but decriminalised under certain specific
circumstances in the Netherlands under the Groningen Protocol.

Involuntary euthanasia

Euthanasia conducted against the will of the patient is termed involuntary

euthanasia

Animal euthanasia exist all over the world

the problem began in antique Greece

Argument for euthanasia :

-end of pain (progressive loose of autonomy)

-practising legally euthanasia provides from suicide and illegally
euthanasia which is more risky.
-protection of human dignity and freedom of choice.

Argument against euthanasia:

-inviolability of human life, we can't take someone's life.

-Hippocratic code forbids from giving death.
-in case of incapacity of expression someone else have to take the
decision.
-suicide can be seen like a personal drama and a shame for the society.
-euthanasia is risky because the patient can be pressure by friends and
family.
-euthanasia can lead to human selection (eugenicist)