7-10 REVERSIBLE STEADY-FLOW WORK

inlet state q outlet state qrev wrev = dh + dke + dpe Energy balance
1 2
qrev = Tds = dh vdP 2nd Gibbs equation

wrev = vdP dke dpe

w
2
Reversible work output for
wrev ,net ,out = vdP ke pe (7-51) steady-flow and closed systems
1
P
turbine
1 2
P1
wrev ,out = vdP turbine (7-52 ) turbine ( for ke = pe = 0 )
wrev ,out 1

P2 2

vdP
2 wrev ,in = compression compressor
1

v2 v1 v
in derivation, we assume that both
P wrev ,net ,out wact ,net ,out processes are between the same states
turbine
qact wact = dh + dke + dpe
wrev ,out wact ,out 1 qrev wrev = dh + dke + dpe
P1 Steady-flow devices
wrev ,out wact ,out turbine deliver the most and
qact qrev wact + wrev = 0
actual
consume the least work
reversible when the process is wrev wact =

qrev qact
P2 wrev ,in wact ,in compression Tds
2 reversible wrev wact qact
Eq.7-9
= ds = sgen 0
T T

v2 v1 v wrev wact

7-11 Compression work for ideal gas (p.364) Ideal gas Pv = RT Equations 7-57 a,b,c

k 1

Isentropic process 1 k kRT1 P2 k
P isothermal ( n = 1) v = cP k wcomp ,in = R (T2 T1 ) = 1
polytropic ( 1 < n < k )
Pv k = const k 1 k 1 P1
T = const
temperature
isentropic ( n = k ) is increased
P2
minimum
n 1

nRT1 P2 n
Q=0
wcomp ,in Polytropic process n
heat transfer 1
v = cP n wcomp ,in = R (T2 T1 ) = 1
Pv n = const n 1 n 1 P1
P1
Qout maximum
heat transfer

v Isothermal process P2
v = cP 1 wcomp ,in = RT ln
By cooling compressor, the requiered work input Pv = const P1
can be minimized to achive the same pressure increase

Incompressible fluid ( v = const , 7-51) wrev = v ( P2 P1 ) ke pe (7-54 )

Bernoulli equation (steady flow of incompressible fluid through the simple pipe without friction)
inlet state outlet state
1 2
pipe P2 P1 V22 V12
+ + g ( z2 z1 ) = 0 (7-55 )
2

w=0 Danila Bernoulov

Flow through the pipe which involves no work interaction (1700 1782 )