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FREQUENCY OF RCC BUILDING USING EIGEN VALUE EXTRACTION METHOD

For the Eigen solution method, the user is required to specify all the masses in
the model along with the directions they are capable of vibrating in. If this data is
correctly provided, the program extracts as many modes as the user requests (default
value is 6) in ascending order of strain energy. The mode shapes can be viewed
graphically to verify that they make sense.
Modes and frequencies calculated by Modal Extraction and is performed by solving
the equation

The input which is important and relevant to the analysis of a structure for frequencies
and modes using the eigenvalue extraction method is explained below.
The DENSITY command :
One of the critical components of a frequency analysis is the amount of "mass"
undergoing vibration. For a structure, this mass comes from the selfweight, and from
permanent/imposed loads on the building. To calculate selfweight, density is required,
and is hence specified under the command CONSTANTS.
The CUT OFF MODE SHAPE command :
Theoretically, a structure has as many modes of vibration as the number of
degrees of freedom in the model. However, the limitations of the mathematical
process used in extracting modes may limit the number of modes that can actually be
extracted. In a large structure, the extraction process can also be a very time
consuming process. Further, not all modes are of equal importance. (One measure of
the importance of modes is the participation factor of that mode.) In many cases, the
first few modes may be sufficient to obtain a significant portion of the total dynamic
response. Due to these reasons, in the absence of any explicit instruction, STAAD
calculates only the first 6 modes. (Versions of STAAD prior to STAAD/Pro 2000
calculated only 3 modes by default). This is like saying that the command CUT OFF
MODE SHAPE 6 has been specified. If the inspection of the first 6 modes reveals that
the overall vibration pattern of the structure has not been obtained, one may ask
STAAD to compute a larger (or smaller) number of modes with the help of this
command. The number that follows this command is the number of modes being
requested. In our example, we are asking for 10 modes by specifying CUT OFF MODE
SHAPE 10.
The MODAL CALCULATION REQUESTED command:
This is the command which triggers the calculation of frequencies and modes. It is
specified inside a load case. In other words, this command accompanies the loads
which are to be used in generating the mass matrix. Frequencies and modes have to
be calculated when dynamic analysis such as Response Spectrum or Time History
analysis are carried out. But in such analyses, the MODAL CALCULATION REQUESTED
command is not explicitly required. When STAAD encounters the commands for
response spectrum and time history, it automatically will carry out a frequency
extraction without the help of the MODAL CALCULATION command.
The Masses for Mass Matrix [M]
The mathematical method that STAAD uses is called the sub space iteration
Eigen extraction method. The method involves 2 matrices
- The stiffness matrix and
- The mass matrix.
The stiffness matrix, [k] matrix, is assembled using data such as member and
element lengths, member and element properties, modulus of elasticity,
poissons ratio, member and element releases, member offsets, support
information, etc.
For assembling the mass matrix, called the [M] matrix, STAAD uses the load data
specified in the load case in which the MODAL CAL REQ. command is specified.
So, some of the imported aspects to bear in mind are
T
he input you specify is weights, not masses, intensity, STAAD will convert
weights to masses by dividing, the input by g, the acceleration due to
gravity.
Viewing the mode shapes:
After the analysis is completed, select Post-processing from the mode menu. This
screen contains facilities for graphically examining the shape of the mode in static and
animated views. The Dynamics page on the left side of the screen is available for
viewing the shape of the mode statically. The Animation option of the Results menu
can be used for animating the mode. The mode number can be selected from the
"Loads and Results" tab of the "Diagrams" dialog box which comes up when the
Animation option is chosen. The size to which the mode is drawn is controlled using
the "Scales" tab of the "Diagrams" dialog box.
Example:
Data:
Building size : 24m x 24m (6 Bays each bay 4m )
Height : 21m (7 Bays each bay 3.0m)
Column size: 0.40m x 0.40m
Beam size : 0.30m x 0.30m
Concrete M30
Steel Fe 415
4.0 0
24 .00
BEAMS ARE OF SIZE 0.3 X .30

4.00

24.00

COLUMN ARE OF SIZE 0.4 X .40

PLAN
BEAMS ARE OF SIZE 0.3 X .30
2 1 .0 0

3 .0 0

COLUMN ARE OF SIZE 0.4 X .40

4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

ELEVATION

1.Creation of Geometry:
New Project Space File: Eigen value Extraction Method Unit : Length=metre :
Force=KN Next Open structure wizard Finish.
Change to Frame Models from Truss models Select Bay Frame and double click on

it.

Length (Along X Direction)= 24.0m.


No. of bays (Span) =6 Click
Each Bay =4.0m
Height (Along Y Direction) =3.0m.
No. of bays (Span) =1 Click
Bay No.1 =3.0m
Width (Along Z Direction) =24.0m.
No. of bays (Span) =6 Click
Each Bay =4.0 Apply
Transfer model Click Yes OK.
Switch off the Grid.

2. Property:
Click General Property Define Rectangular YD=0.40m ZD=0.40m (column)

Add. YD=0.30m ZD=0.30m (Beam) AddClose.

High light YD=0.40 ZD=0.40 and Go to Main menu Select Beam parallel to Y

axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.

Highlight YD=0.30 ZD=0.30 and Select Beams parallel to X axis and select

Beam parallel to Z axis Assign to selected beam Assign Yes.

Select the entire structure. Go to Geometry Translational repeat Y direction.

No. of steps=6 Default spacing=3m check Link steps Ok.

Go to Command menu Miscellaneous Cut off mode shapes. Enter Max. number of

Mode shapes=10.

3. Supports :

Front view Click support Create Fixed Add. Highlight support 2. Select node

cursor and select bottom most nodes by windowing

Assign to selected nodes Assign Yes Close.

De select the nodes and change to beam cursor.

4.Loading :

Click Loads & Definitions Click Load case details Add.

Primary No.1 Loading Type: None

Title: Load case 1 Add.

Click Load case 1 Add.


Self weight Direction X Factor 1 Add.

Self weight Direction Y Factor 1 Add.

Self weight Direction Z Factor 1 Add.

Click Floor Load pressure= 3KN/m2 Global X

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Pressure= 3KN/m2 Global Y

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Pressure= 3KN/m2 Global Z

Y range mini= 0 m; max=21.0m Add.

Highlight self weight X Assign to view Assign Yes.

Highlight self weight Y Assign to view Assign Yes.

Highlight self weight Z Assign to view Assign Yes.

Load case 1 Add.

Frequency - Model Calculation Add.

5. Analysis Type:

Page control Analysis/Print No print Add.

Click post printDefine Commands Analysis ResultsAddClose.

6.Perform Analysis:

From Main Menu Commands Run Analysis Go to post processing mode

Done.

7. Result :

Click output icon. Click result.


Eigen solution

Participation Factors.

Click Deflections.

Page control Click Dynamic - Mode 1 . See the result on mode participation factor,
Similarly for Mode 2
Mode 3
Mode 4
Mode 5
Mode 6
Mode 7
Mode 8
Animation
Enter Extra Frame =45
Target FPS =65 Apply OK.
See the result of animation for Mode 1, Mode 2.
Scales Mode scale decrease the scale Apply.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Loads & Results Scales.
See the Mode 1 & Mode 2.
Note:-

1. In step 1 modeling before applying Translational repeat, add following:

CommandsMiscellaneous Mode shape . max. No. of Mode shape=10 Ok.

2. While giving Property, density of material has to be specified and check with

Staad editor whether the density of material is calculated or not.

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