Name: ___________________________________ Graphic Organizer: Six Kingdoms Ms.

Czuprynski

PART 1. DIRECTIONS: Use Chapter 18 to complete the following chart.

Kingdom Characteristics: 3+ Example(s) Picture:

Single or Multicellular Draw a characteristic or example from the
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic kingdom
Autotrophic* or Heterotrophic**

Animal

Plant

Fungi

Protist
Bacteria

Eubacteria

* Autotrophic = able to make own food (photosynthesis) ** Heterotrophic = unable to make own food

PART 2. DIRECTIONS: Complete the following virtual lab: http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0078757134/383939/BL_12.html

Read through the text on the left under Question: How does natural selection affect allelic frequencies?

Follow the instructions that are provided.

Choose an Environment (Rocky, Desert, Grasslands & Urban) and be sure to start with each possible allelic frequency provided (A=0.2 and a=0.8, A=0.4 and
a=0.6, A=0.5 and a=0.5, A=0.6 and a=0.4). These allelic frequencies tell you the percent of the population that has those particular alleles. For example, A = 0.2
means that 20% of the population has the A allele in their genetic make-up.

Keep track of the environment that you are in, the color of the environment, the starting allelic frequency and how it changes from generation to generation, as well
as the number of individuals with the different genotypes.

For example, a table you may use might look like the following:
ROCKY ENVIRONMENT: color of the environment: __________________________

Before Natural Selection After Natural Selection

Generation A a AA Aa aa AA Aa aa
1
2
3
4
5
Color of ant selected for: _____________________
Genotype selected for: ___________ Genotype selected against: __________
Allele selected for: _________ Allele selected against: __________

Next, devise a way to graph allelic frequency trends, starting with the four different allelic frequency scenarios.

Finally, answer the lab questions below.

NATURAL SELECTION LAB QUESTIONS:

1) Did either allele A or a disappear from the populations you studied? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2) Did the effect of natural selection vary with different starting allele frequencies in identical environments? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3) A population in which the frequency of alleles remains the same over generations is said to be in genetic equilibrium. Describe one mechanism by which
a populations genetic equilibrium can be disrupted and result in the process of evolution.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4) In which of the simulated environments do individuals of the genotype Aa survive best?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5) In which of the simulated environments do individuals of the genotype aa survive best?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
6) Which set of data represents a type of natural selection that stabilizes the allele frequencies of the population?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7) In another population, such as the Peppered Moth population in London during the late 1800s, there was not an intermediate form of the organism for the
heterozygous genotype. For example, BB and Bb were both black phenotypes which camouflaged well on the soot-covered/lichen-free trees and the bb
was the white phenotype which camouflaged well on the healthy/lichen-covered trees. In this scenario, if natural selection (lichen-free trees) selected for
the dominant B allele, would the recessive b allele be completely eliminated from the population over time? Why or why not?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8) There is a theory that humans are creating antibiotic-resistant superbacteria. Scientists warn that overuse of antibiotics could result in a strain of bacteria
that is resistant to these antibacterial treatments. Explain how this could happen.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________