Asking for and Giving Directions

How do I get to ?
What's the best way to ?
Where is ?
Go straight on (until you come to ).
Turn back./Go back.
Turn left/right (into -street).
Go along
Cross
Take the first/second road on the left/right
It's on the left/right.
straight on
opposite
near
next to
between
at the end (of)
on/at the corner
behind
in front of
(just) around the corner
traffic lights
crossroads, junction
signpost

Word List
Appearance
I am / You are / He is / She is
tall
small
overweight, fat
slim
young
old
years old.
beautiful / pretty (Mdchen / Frau), handsome (Junge / Mann)
sun-tanned
pale
I have / You have / He has / She has (got)
blue / green / grey / brown eyes
freckles
a beard
a full beard
a moustache
a goatee
a stubbly beard
blond hair
red hair
brown hair
black hair
dyed hair
blond highlights
short hair
long hair
straight hair
curly hair / curls
a bald head
a square / round / triangular / oval face
a big / small / long nose
big / small ears
Clothing and Accessories
I wear / You wear / He wears / She wears
glasses
contact lenses
I am wearing / You are wearing / He/She is wearing
earrings
a necklace
a wristband
a bracelet
a cap
a red scarf
a tie
Character
I am / You are / He is / She is
shy
quiet
lively
active
easygoing
outgoing
nice
friendly
funny
happy
annoying
sad
aggressive
 a pain in the neck
a little chatter box

Word List
Greeting People
Hello. / Hi.
Good morning. (before 12 o'clock)
Good afternoon.(after 12 o'clock)
Good evening .
Introducing People
What's your name?
Who are you?
My name is ...
I am ...
My friends call me ...
You can call me ...
Haven't we met (before)?
Yes, I think we have.
No, I don't think we have.
I think we've already met.
I don't think we've met (before).
This is ...
Meet ...
Have you met ...?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.
Yes, I think I have.
No, I don't think I have.
Hello, ... (name)
Nice to meet you. (informal)
Pleased to meet you.
How do you do? (formal)
Nice to see you.
Nice to see you again.
Say Goodbye
Good bye.
Bye. / See you.
See you later.
See you soon.
See you tomorrow.
See you next week.
Good night.
Health
How are you?
 How are you today?
Fine, thank you/thanks.
Not too bad.
Very well.
I'm okay / all right.
Not too well, actually.
What's wrong with you?
What's the matter with you?
Are you all right?
I'm tired .
I'm exhausted .
I've got a cold.

action that takes place once, never or several times

moment in time actions that happen one after another

 actions that suddenly take place

action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyond that moment

period of time actions taking place at the same time

action taking place before a certain moment in time

Result puts emphasis on the result

action taking place before a certain moment in time

Course /
puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action
Duration

Modal verbs are for example may, can, must, should, need. They express an ability, permission, wish etc.
to do something. (I may, can, must swim.) Many modal verbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses.
That's why we need to know the substitutes to these modal verbs.

Modal Verb Substitute Example

must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.

must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.

can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.

may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.

need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.

need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim.

shall / should/ to be supposed to / to be I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to

ought to expected to / to be to swim. / I am expected to swim. / I am to swim.
The past progressive puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past.

Form

Positive Negative Question

I / he / she / it I was speaking. I was not speaking. Was I speaking?

you / we / they You were speaking. You were not speaking. Were you speaking?

Exceptions in Spelling

Exceptions in spelling when adding ing Example

final e is dropped (but: ee is not changed) come coming

(but: agree agreeing)

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled sit sitting

l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) travel travelling

final ie becomes y lie lying

Use of Past Progressive

puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past

Example: He was playing football.

two actions happening at the same time (in the past)

Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.

action going on at a certain time in the past

Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Signal Words of Past Progressive

when, while, as long as