MRS GREN

M = MOVEMENT

An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place.

R = RESPIRATION

The chemical reactions that break down nutrient molecules in living cells to release energy.

S = SENSITIVITY

The ability to detect or sense changes in the environment(stimuli) and to make responses.

G = GROWTH

A permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both.

R = REPRODUCTION

The processes that make more of the same kind of organism.

E = EXCRETION

The removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in
cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements.

N = NUTRITION

In of nutrients which are organic substances and mineral ions, containing raw materials or energy for
growth and tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them.
A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring.

Fertile offspring are individuals that are produced from the parents (parent) that are then able to
produce young of their own.

Naming System

Binomial system of naming species as an internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of
an organism is made up of two parts showing the genus and species.

Classification is traditionally based on studies of morphology (shape or structure) and anatomy (bodily
and internal structures of an organism).

Classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships.

The sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more accurate means of
classification. Organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base
sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor DNA and ancestry.

ALL CELLS HAVE THESE ORGANELLES:

Cell membrane

Cytoplasm

Genetic material

Ribosomes

Enzymes for respiration

Kingdom Characteristics Examples

Animals -Cells do not have a cell wall. All multicellular animals,
-Multicellular and feed on other including: jellyfish, worms,
organisms. arthropods, molluscs,
echinoderms, fish, amphibia,
reptiles, birds and mammals
Plants -Cells have a cellulose cell wall. All green plants, including:
-They use light energy to algae, ferns and mosses (plants
produce food by that do not produce seeds);
photosynthesis. conifers and flowering plants
(plants that do produce seeds)
Fungi -Cells have chitin cell walls. Moulds, Mushrooms, Yeast
-Reproduce using spores rather
than seeds.
Prokaryotes -Have a cell wall but not made Bacteria, Blue-green algae
from cellulose.
-Cells have no nucleus.
Protoctists -Exist as single cells or colonies Amoeba, Paramecium
of single cells.

Class Features Examples

Amphibians -Moist permeable skin Frog, Newt, Salamander
Fish -Gills Goldfish, Shark, Cod
-Wet scales
Reptiles -Dry scales Crocodile, Lizard, Snake
Birds -Feathers Sparrow, Ostrich
-Beaks
Mammals -Fur Rabbit, Kangaroo, Dolphin
-Produce milk
-Exterior ears

Invertebrates are animals without backbones. Arthropods are an important group of invertebrates.
 Arthropod Characteristic
Insect 6 Legs
Arachnid 8 Legs
Crustacean 10-14 Legs
Myriapod 20+ Legs

Ferns:

Reproduce via spores

Have no flowers or seeds

They have stems and feathery leaves

Flowering Plants (Angiosperms):

Have flowers

Produce seeds
Viruses:

Dichotomous Key