Hong Xiuquan
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hong Xiuquan (#£9§42) (1 January 18141")
— 1 June 1864), born Hong Huoxiu and with
the courtesy name Renkun, was a Hakka
Chinese leader of the Taiping Rebellion
against the Qing Dynasty, establishing the
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom over varying
portions of southern China, with himself as
the "Heavenly King" and self-proclaimed
brother of Jesus Christ.
Contents
1 Early life and education
2 Visions and iconoclasm
3. The God Worshippers
4 Rebellion and the Heavenly
Kingdom
= 5 Death
Publications
= 6.1 Poetry
= 7 Legacy
References
= 8.1 Citations
= 8.2 Bibliography
External links
2 a
°
Early life and education
Hong Xiuquan (#742), born "Hong
Huoxiu", was the third and youngest son of a
poor Hakka family.[21[3] He was born in
Fuyuan Springs, Hua county (now part of
Huadu District, Guangzhou), Guangdong to
Hong Jingyang, a farmer and elected
headman, and Madam Wang.I6I(6] He and
his family moved to Guanlubu Village shortly
Hong Xiuquan (EFF)
Reign 11 January 1851 - 1 June
1864
Predecessor None
Successor Hong Tianguifu
Born 1 January 1814
Hua County, Guangdong,
Qing China
1 June 1864 (aged 50)
Tianjing, Taiping Heavenly
Died
Kingdom
Issue Hong Tianguifu, Heavenly
King of Great Peace
Hong Tianming, Ming
King
Hong Tianguang, Guang
King
Full nameafter his birth !7] Upon marrying his wife Lai
Xiying, Hong received the courtesy name
"Renkun."2]
Hong showed an interest in scholarship at an
early age, so his family made financial
sacrifices to provide a formal education for
him, in the hope that he could one day
complete all of the civil service
examinations.|2] Hong began studying at a
primary school in his village at the age of
five. He was able to recite the Four Books
after five or six years. He then took the local
preliminary civil service examinations and
placed first.{19] A few years later, he traveled
to the nearby city of Guangzhou to take the
imperial examinations.["] He was
unsuccessful and, his parents being unable to
afford to continue his education, he was forced
to return to agricultural work.!12] The next
year, he accompanied a wealthy schoolmate
elsewhere for a year of study and became a
village schoolteacher upon his return 13]
In 1836, at the age of 22, Hong returned to
Guangzhou to retake the imperial
examinations.!"4] While in Guangzhou, Hong
heard Edwin Stevens, a foreign missionary,
and his interpreter preaching about
Christianity.("5] From them, Hong received a
set of pamphlets entitled "Good Words for
Exhorting the Age", which were written by
Liang Fa, Stevens's assistant, and contained
excerpts from the Bible along with homilies
and other material prepared by Liang.{"6]
Supposedly, Hong only briefly looked over
these pamphlets and did not pay much
attention to them at the time.!#! Unsurprisingly,
he again failed the imperial examinations,
which had a pass rate of less than one
percent 17]
Hong Xiuquan
Era name and dates
ACPRUA: 11 January 1851 - 1 June
1864
House House of Hong
Father Hong Jingyang
Bea
Mother Madam Wang
ER
Religion God Worshipping Society
Hong Xiuquan
Chinese RBA
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Héng Xidquan
Wade-Giles Hung? Hsiu*-ch'iian?
IPA [xn ejoute*wan]
Hakka
Romanization Fung Siu-chhion
Hong Renkun
Chinese Beco
‘Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Hong Rénkin
Wade-Giles Hung? Jen?-kun!
Huoxiu
Chinese AB
Transcriptions