12.

Bng v cy quyt nh
12.1. Khi nim .......................................................................................................................... 1
12.1.1. Bng quyt nh ......................................................................................................... 1
12.1.2. Cy quyt nh ........................................................................................................... 2
12.2. Cch lp bng quyt nh .................................................................................................. 4
12.3. Cch v cy quyt nh ..................................................................................................... 4
12.4. Gii bi tp minh ha ........................................................................................................ 5
13. Gii thiu phn mm ng dng ( v Lu v S ): ..................................................... 7
12. BNG V CY QUYT NH

12.1. Khi nim

12.1.1. Bng quyt nh

Bng quyt nh l mt bng hai chiu, trong mt chiu c tch lm hai phn: mt phn
cho cc iu kin vo v phn kia cho cc hnh ng hay cc bin ra. Chiu th hai l cc
trng hp c th xy ra. Tu thuc gi tr ca cc iu kin ta c gi tr ca cc hnh ng.

- Bng quyt nh trnh by khi qut kt qu quyt nh cho cc tnh hung phc tp.
- C u im hn lu khi phi la chn gia nhiu vn nhng n khng cho thy
tnh cht tun t ca cng vic.
V d: Xt duyt Ha n v Hng ha

iu ki n Gia tri iu kin

Co n t hang tng ng vi hoa n? Y Y N N

Hoa n co ung s l ng va n gia khng? Y N Y N

Hanh ng Gia tri hanh ng

T ch i hoa n do khng co n t hang X X

T ch i hoa n do khng ung s l ng va n gia X

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Thanh toan hoa n X

Bng quyt nh: c s dng ph bin trong rt nhiu lnh vc nh phn tch kinh doanh,
qun l, chm sc khch hng... bi tnh n gin v hiu qu.

- Mt bng quyt nh gm c 4 phn nh sau:

Cc iu kin (Nguyn nhn) Gi tr iu kin (Quy lut)

iu kin K1

Cc Hnh ng (Kt qu mong mun) Gi tr hnh ng

Hnh ng H1 X X

Gi tr hnh ng: l mi lin h gia cc iu kin v cc hnh ng. N cho bit hnh
ng no s c thc hin khi cc iu kin tng ng tha mn.

12.1.2. Cy quyt nh
Cy quyt nh l mt cu trc phn cp gm nhiu nt v nhnh.

Cy quyt nh th hin cc quyt nh v tnh hung xy ra theo trnh t.

Cy quyt nh gm c

Gc: l nt trn cng ca cy

Nt trong: biu din mt kim tra trn mt thuc tnh n (hnh ch nht)

Nhnh: biu din cc kt qu ca kim tra nt trong (mi tn)

Nt l: Biu din lp hay s phn phi lp (hnh trn)

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 Minh ha:
Gc

<iu kin>
Yes No

Nt trong
Nt l <iu kin>
<Kt qu> Yes No

Nt l Nt l

<Kt qu> <Kt qu>

V d: tng ng ca biu din mt cy quyt nh cho bi ton x l xc nhn ho

n c chp nhn thanh ton ha hn hay khng

Ha n c n t hng
(H) tng ng khng?

C Khng

Ha n c S lng v n
gi ng vi H khng? T chi
thanh ton
ng Sai Ha n

Thanh ton T chi

ha n thanh ton
Ha n

- Cy quyt nh thng c dng thay cho bng quyt nh trong cc trng hp:

C nhiu phng n v bin c

C nhiu quyt nh lin tip nhau

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12.2. Cch lp bng quyt nh
Lp bng quyt nh
Xc nh tt c cc iu kin
Xc nh tt c cc hnh ng
Tnh s kt hp gia cc iu kin
in cc kt hp (rules) vo bng
Loi b cc kt hp khng cn thit
in cc hnh ng vo bng tng ng vi cc kt hp
Cc k hiu dng m t trong bng quyt nh:

Y: iu kin tha mn

N: iu kin khng tha mn

-: iu kin hoc hnh ng khng c p dng

X: Hnh ng c thc hin

12.3. Cch v cy quyt nh

V cy quyt nh:
B1: Pht trin cy quyt nh
- i t gc, n cc nhnh, pht trin quy np theo hnh thc chia tr.
1. Chn mt thuc tnh tt nht bng mt o nh trc
2. Pht trin cy bng vic thm cc nhnh tng ng vi tng gi tr ca
thuc tnh chn
3. Sp xp, phn chia tp d liu o to ti cc nt con.
4. Nu c v d phn lp r rng th dng
- Ngc li: lp li bc 1 ti bc 4 cho tng nt con

B2: Ct ta cy

- Xc nh v loi b cc nhnh khng n nh, nhm n gin ha,

khi qut ha cy, tng chnh xc.

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12.4. Gii bi tp minh ha
Bi tp 1: (trang 36, sch Bi tp)

Mt cng ty s dng nguyn tc sau y duyt lnh bn hng cho Khch hng

a. Nu khch hng khng c chp thun bn chu th khng lp lnh bn (SO)

b. Nu khch hng c chp thun bn chu v lng t hng > mc tn kho hin ti
th lnh bn khng ghi lng (BO)
c. Nu khch hng c chp thun bn chu v lng t hng <= mc tn kho hin ti
v lng t hng =<500 n v th lp lnh bn
d. Nu khch hng c chp thun bn chu v lng t hng <= mc tn kho hin ti
v lng t hng >500 n v th lp lnh bn v cho chit khu 20%

Quy lut
Cc iu kin (lp lnh bn hng) 1 2 3 4
c chp thun bn chu N Y Y Y
Lng t hng <= mc tn kho hin ti N Y Y
Lng t hng >500 n v N Y
Cc hnh ng (Kt qu) Gi tr hnh ng
Khng lp lnh bn (SO) X - - -
Lnh bn khng ghi lng (BO) - X - -
Lp lnh bn - - X X
Chit khu 20% - - - X

Bi tp 2:
David l qun l mt cu lc b nh golf. Anh ta c cc rc ri chuyn cc thnh vin
n hay khng n. C ngy ai cng mun chi golf nhng s nhn vin cu lc b li khng
phc v. C hm chng ai n chi v cu lc b li tha nhn vin.
Mc tiu ca David l ti u ha s nhn vin phc v mi ngy bng cch da theo
thng tin d bo thi tit on xem khi no ngi ta s n chi golf. thc hin c
iu , anh cn hiu c ti sao khch hng quyt nh chi v tm hiu xem c cch gii
thch no cho vic hay khng.

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 Vy l trong 2 tun anh ta thu thp c thng tin sau:

Tri Nhit (0F) m Nhiu gi Chi/ Khng chi

Nng 85 85 Sai Khng chi
Nng 80 90 ng Khng chi
Nhiu my 83 78 Sai Chi
Ma 70 96 Sai Chi
Ma 68 80 Sai Chi
Ma 65 70 ng Khng chi
Nhiu my 64 65 ng Chi
Nng 72 95 Sai Khng chi
Nng 69 70 Sai Chi
Ma 75 80 Sai Chi
Nng 75 70 ng Chi
Nhiu my 72 90 ng Chi
Nhiu my 81 75 Sai Chi
Ma 71 80 ng Khng chi
M hnh cy quyt nh chi golf hay khng chi golf

Thi tit tri

Nng hoc Nhiu my hoc Ma

Nng Ma
Nhiu my

Chi: 2 Chi: 3
Khng chi: 3 Chi: 4 Khng chi: 2

m <= 70 Khng
Gi
chi: 0
ng Sai
ng Sai

Chi: 2 Khng Khng Chi: 3

chi: 3 chi: 2
Khng Khng
chi: 0 Chi: 0 Chi: 0 chi: 0

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13. Gii thiu phn mm ng dng ( v Lu v S ):
V lu v S bng cch dng chng trnh MS Visio 2010
B phn Lp ha B phn K ton
B phn Gi hng
n

PGH PGH H
Th kho

i chiu PGH
PXK Lp Ha n & H
Ghi s chi tit

ng gi Hng ha &
Lp Phiu gi hng
PGH H
H PGH

PGH
PGH N A

S Phi thu
N KH
Chi tit
Khch hng

V bng phn mm MS Visio

V d 2(tr.21, LT Tp 2): Lu chng t ti Cng ty Tin t