Objective:

1. To be able to measure the deflection of a beam by using different mass of load,

span, width of test specimen and height of test specimen.
2. To be able to classify the elasticity of steel, copper and brass.
Theory
The flexural modulus or bending modulus is the ratio of stress to strain in flexural
deformation, or the tendency for a material to bend. It is determined from the slope of
a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test and uses units of force per area. It is
an intensive property.

For a 3-point test of a rectangular beam behaving as an isotropic linear material,

where w and h are the width and height of the beam, L is the distance between the two
outer supports and d is the deflection due to the load F applied at the middle of the
beam, the flexural modulus.

From elastic beam theory and for rectangular beam

thus (Elastic modulus)

Ideally, flexural or bending modulus of elasticity is equivalent to the tensile or

compressive modulus of elasticity. In reality, these values may be different, especially
for plastic materials

Introduction:

The deflection of a spring beam depends on its length, its cross-sectional

shape, the material, where the deflecting force is applied, and how the beam is
supported. The equations given here are for homogenous, linearly elastic materials,
and where the rotations of a beam are small.
 The Youngs Modulus Apparatus is a bench top model designed to understand
and to determine the Youngs Modulus of given material sample(s). It consists of an
epoxy coated steel reaction frame complete with a meter long linear scale. Two
adjustable supports provide the variable span needed to perform the experiment. The
weights and hanger are provided for loading of the beams. One set of dial gauges to
0.01mm resolutions complete with mounting brackets are employed for the
measurement of the beam deflection.

The meaning of Youngs Modulus is the elastic modulus is one of the most
vital properties involved in various aspects of material engineering for design
purposes. Every material undergoes elastic deformation. Elastic deformation is mostly
defined as temporary deformation of its physical shape and will able to return to its
original state. For elastic deformation, the material undergoes an amount of stress
without exceeding the elastic limit. Any deformation caused by further increases in
load or stress beyond the yield point of a certain material will be plastic permanent