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Personality, behavior and disease

UNTAD
2011
How personality can develop?
Erikson's Psychosocial
Freud's Psychosexual
Freud's Structural Model of Personality
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Piagets Cognitive Development
Personality
Is the whole of personal characteristics,
the group of behavioral and emotional
tendencies

Is the way of habits, attitudes and traits


combine to make a person unique
Trait facets associated with the five domains
of the Costa and McCrae five factor model of
personality

five factor model of personality


STRESS
Stress
A reaction to a situation, not the situation itself
the arousal, both physical and mental, to situations or
events that we perceive as threatening or challenging
Eustress is positive stress occurs when your level
of stress is high enough to motivate you to move
into action to get things accomplished
Distress is Distress or negative stress occurs when
your level of stress is either too high or too low
and your body and/or mind begin to respond
negatively to the stressors
Stress
l mind and bodys response or reaction to a real
or imagined threat, event or change.
l Stressa reaction to a situation, not the
situation itself; not necessarily bad
l The threat, event or change are commonly
called stressors. Stressors can be internal
(thoughts, beliefs, attitudes or external (loss,
tragedy, change).
Distress
negative stress occurs when your level of
stress is either too high or too low and your
body and/or mind begin to respond negatively
to the stressors
Inability to cope with environmental demands
in a healthy (wholeness) way causes the
fragmentation and disruption of our soma
(body) and our thinking (psyche).
Stages of Stress
Alarm Stage
beginning to experience a stressful event or
perceive something to be stressful psychological
changes occur in your body
Resistance Stage
The body tries to cope or adapt to the stressors by
beginning a process of repairing any damage the
stressor has caused
Exhaustion Stage
the stressor is not being managed effectively and
the body and mind are not able to repair the
damage
Neuroticism and stress vulnerability
High N in itself can be considered to be a form
of stress proneness
persistent worry
feelings of inadequacy,
tension and nervousness are unpleasant,
stressful feelings
relates to various indices of subclinical stress
(somatic or physical symptoms) with social
dysfunction
prone to cognitive failure
everyday errors
sexual problems such as nervousness, guilt and
inhibition (Kennedy et al.,1999)
The transactional model of stress: symptoms result
from negative appraisals and ineffective coping
Extraversion
tendency to use problem-focused coping
strategies
tend to exhibit behavioral problems
associated with some general bias towards
better adjustment, irrespective of life
circumstances
may relate to reduced (or amplified) stress
vulnerability
Personality and health
Neurotic and coronary heart disease
Type A Behavior pattern myocardial
infarction, explosive and hurried speech,
upper chest breathing, lack of bodily
relaxation, aggressiveness, drive to dominate
and achieve goals, and a tendency to be
workaholic.
Depression hopelessness and cancer
Neuroticism as a risk factor for multiple
diseases
Hostility, anger and coronary heart disease
severe chronic stress (such as long-term
interpersonal difficulties) was associated with
a much greater risk of developing a cold, after
adjustment for social support, personality,
health behaviors and immune response (Cohen
et al., 1998)
Selesai

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