Donald Knuth

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Donald Ervin Knuth (/knu/[4] k-NOOTH ; born January 10, 1938)

Donald Knuth
is an American computer scientist, mathematician, and professor
emeritus at Stanford University.

He is the author of the multi-volume work The Art of Computer

Programming. He contributed to the development of the rigorous
analysis of the computational complexity of algorithms and
systematized formal mathematical techniques for it. In the process he
also popularized the asymptotic notation. In addition to fundamental
contributions in several branches of theoretical computer science,
Knuth is the creator of the TeX computer typesetting system, the related
METAFONT font definition language and rendering system, and the
Computer Modern family of typefaces.

As a writer and scholar, Knuth created the WEB and CWEB computer Born Donald Ervin Knuth
programming systems designed to encourage and facilitate literate
January 10, 1938
programming, and designed the MIX/MMIX instruction set
Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
architectures. Knuth strongly opposes granting software patents, having
expressed his opinion to the United States Patent and Trademark Office U.S.
and European Patent Organisation. Nationality American
Alma mater Case Institute of
Technology
Contents (B.S., M.S.)
California Institute of
1 Biography Technology
1.1 Early life (Ph.D.)
1.2 Education
1.3 Early work Known for The Art of Computer
2 Writings Programming
2.1 The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP) TeX, METAFONT
2.2 Other works
KnuthMorrisPratt
2.3 Works regarding Knuth's religious beliefs
2.4 Opinion on software patents algorithm
3 Computer Musings KnuthBendix
4 Personal life completion algorithm
4.1 Chinese name MMIX
4.2 Health concerns RobinsonSchensted
4.3 Humor Knuth correspondence
5 Awards and honors
6 Publications Awards Grace Murray
7 Gallery Hopper Award
8 See also (1971)
9 References Turing Award
10 Bibliography
(1974)
11 External links
National Medal of
Science (1979)
John von
Biography Neumann Medal
(1995)
Early life
Knuth was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to German-Americans Ervin Harvey Prize
Henry Knuth and Louise Marie Bohning.[5] His father had two jobs: (1995)
running a small printing company and teaching bookkeeping at Kyoto Prize
Milwaukee Lutheran High School.[6] Donald, a student at Milwaukee (1996)
Lutheran High School, received academic accolades there, especially Computer History
because of the ingenious ways that he thought of solving problems.[6] Museum Fellow
For example, in eighth grade, he entered a contest to find the number of
(1998)[1]
words that the letters in "Ziegler's Giant Bar" could be rearranged to
ForMemRS
create. Although the judges only had 2,500 words on their list, Donald
found 4,500 words, winning the contest. As prizes, the school received (2003)[2]
a new television and enough candy bars for all of his schoolmates to Faraday Medal
eat.[7][6] (2011)
BBVA Foundation
Education Frontiers of
Knowledge Award
Knuth had a difficult time choosing physics over music as his major at (2010)
Case Institute of Technology (now part of Case Western Reserve Turing Lecture
University). He also joined Beta Nu Chapter of the Theta Chi fraternity. (2011)
While studying physics at the Case Institute of Technology, Knuth was
introduced to the IBM 650, one of the early mainframes. After reading Website cs.stanford.edu/~uno
the computer's manual, Knuth decided to rewrite the assembly and Scientific career
compiler code for the machine used in his school, because he believed
Fields Mathematics
he could do it better.[8]
Computer science
In 1958, Knuth created a program to help his school's basketball team Institutions Stanford University
win their games. He assigned "values" to players in order to gauge their Thesis Finite Semifields and
probability of getting points, a novel approach that Newsweek and CBS
Projective Planes (1963)
Evening News later reported on.[8]
Doctoral Marshall Hall, Jr.[3]
Knuth was one of the founding editors of the Engineering and Science advisor
Review, which won a national award as best technical magazine in
Doctoral Leonidas J.
1959.[9] He then switched from physics to mathematics, and in 1960 he
students Guibas
received his bachelor of science degree, simultaneously being given a
master of science degree by a special award of the faculty who Michael Fredman
considered his work exceptionally outstanding.[8][10] Scott Kim
Vaughan Pratt
In 1963, with mathematician Marshall Hall as his adviser,[3] he earned a Robert Sedgewick
PhD in mathematics from the California Institute of Technology.[11] Jeffrey Vitter
Andrei Broder[3]
Early work

After receiving his PhD, Knuth joined Caltech's faculty as an associate professor.

He accepted a commission to write a book on computer programming language compilers. While working on
this project, Knuth decided that he could not adequately treat the topic without first developing a fundamental
theory of computer programming, which became The Art of Computer Programming. He originally planned to
publish this as a single book. As Knuth developed his outline for the book, he concluded that he required six
volumes, and then seven, to thoroughly cover the subject. He published the first volume in 1968.[12]

Just before publishing the first volume of The Art of Computer Programming, Knuth left Caltech to accept
employment with the Institute for Defense Analyses' Communications Research Division, then situated on the
Princeton University campus, which was performing mathematical research in cryptography to support the
National Security Agency.

Knuth then left this position to join the Stanford University faculty, where he is now professor emeritus.[13]
Writings
Knuth is a writer as well as a computer scientist.[14] Knuth has been called the "father of the analysis of
algorithms."[15]

The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP)

In the 1970s, Knuth described computer science as "a totally new field with no real identity. And the standard
of available publications was not that high. A lot of the papers coming out were quite simply wrong. ... So one
of my motivations was to put straight a story that had been very badly told."[16] After producing the third
volume of his series in 1976, he expressed such frustration with the nascent state of the then newly developed
electronic publishing tools (especially those that provided input to phototypesetters) that he took time out to
work on typesetting and created the TeX and Metafont tools. By 2013, the first three volumes and part one of
volume four of his series had been published.[17] Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science
2nd ed., which originated with an expansion of the mathematical preliminaries section of Volume 1 of TAoCP,
has also been published.

Bill Gates has praised the difficulty of the subject matter in The Art of Computer Programming, stating, "If you
think you're a really good programmer ... You should definitely send me a rsum if you can read the whole
thing."[18]

Other works

Knuth is also the author of Surreal Numbers,[19] a mathematical novelette on John Conway's set theory
construction of an alternate system of numbers. Instead of simply explaining the subject, the book seeks to
show the development of the mathematics. Knuth wanted the book to prepare students for doing original,
creative research.

In 1995, Knuth wrote the foreword to the book A=B by Marko Petkovek, Herbert Wilf and Doron
Zeilberger.[20] Knuth is also an occasional contributor of language puzzles to Word Ways: The Journal of
Recreational Linguistics.

Knuth has also delved into recreational mathematics. He contributed articles to the Journal of Recreational
Mathematics beginning in the 1960s, and was acknowledged as a major contributor in Joseph Madachy's
Mathematics on Vacation.[21]

Works regarding Knuth's r eligious beliefs

In addition to his writings on computer science, Knuth, a Lutheran,[22] is also the author of 3:16 Bible Texts
Illuminated,[23] in which he examines the Bible by a process of systematic sampling, namely an analysis of
chapter 3, verse 16 of each book. Each verse is accompanied by a rendering in calligraphic art, contributed by a
group of calligraphers under the leadership of Hermann Zapf. Subsequently he was invited to give a set of
lectures on his 3:16 project, resulting in another book, Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About, where
he published the lectures "God and Computer Science".

Opinion on softwar e patents

As a member of the academic and scientific community, Knuth is strongly opposed to the policy of granting
software patents for trivial solutions that should be obvious, but has expressed more nuanced views for
nontrivial solutions such as the integer point method of linear programming.[24] He has expressed his
disagreement directly to both the United States Patent and Trademark Office and European Patent
Organisation.[25]
Computer Musings
Knuth gives informal lectures a few times a year at Stanford University, which he titled "Computer Musings".
He is a visiting professor at the Oxford University Department of Computer Science in the United Kingdom
and an Honorary Fellow of Magdalen College.[26][27]

Personal life
Chinese name

Knuth's Chinese name is Gao Dena (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Go d
n).[28][4] In 1977, he was given this name by Frances Yao, shortly before making a 3-week trip to China.[4][29]
In his 1980 volume of The Art of Computer Programming (simplified Chinese: ;
traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Jsunj chngx shj ysh), Knuth explains that he
embraced his Chinese name because he wanted to be known by the growing numbers of computer
programmers in China at the time. In 1989, his Chinese name was placed atop the Journal of Computer Science
and Technology's header, which Knuth says "makes me feel close to all Chinese people although I cannot speak
your language".[29]

Health concerns

In 2006, Knuth was diagnosed with prostate cancer. He underwent surgery in December that year and started "a
little bit of radiation therapy... as a precaution but the prognosis looks pretty good", as he reported in his video
autobiography.[30]

Humor

Knuth used to pay a finder's fee of $2.56 for any typographical errors or
mistakes discovered in his books, because "256 pennies is one
hexadecimal dollar", and $0.32 for "valuable suggestions". According
to an article in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Technology
Review, these Knuth reward checks are "among computerdom's most
prized trophies". Knuth had to stop sending real checks in 2008 due to
bank fraud, and instead now gives each error finder a "certificate of One of Knuth's reward checks
deposit" from a publicly listed balance in his fictitious "Bank of San
Serriffe".[31]

He once warned a correspondent, "Beware of bugs in the above code; I

have only proved it correct, not tried it."[32]

Knuth published his first "scientific" article in a school magazine in

1957 under the title "Potrzebie System of Weights and Measures." In it,
he defined the fundamental unit of length as the thickness of Mad No.
26, and named the fundamental unit of force "whatmeworry." Mad
published the article in issue No. 33 (June 1957).[33]
"Nested parens"Donald Knuth (on
To demonstrate the concept of recursion, Knuth intentionally referred Jacob Appelbaum's shirt within the two
"Circular definition" and "Definition, circular" to each other in the parentheses), Jacob Appelbaum, and
index of The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 1. Donald Knuth

At the TUG 2010 Conference, Knuth announced a satirical XML-based

successor to TeX, titled "iTeX" (pronounced [itks], performed with a bell ringing), which would support
features such as arbitrarily scaled irrational units, 3D printing, input from seismographs and heart monitors,

animation, and stereophonic sound.[34][35][36]

animation, and stereophonic sound.[34][35][36]

Awards and honors

In 1971, Knuth was the recipient of the first ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award. He has received various other
awards including the Turing Award, the National Medal of Science, the John von Neumann Medal, and the
Kyoto Prize.

In recognition of Knuth's contributions to the field of computer science, in 1990 he was awarded the one-of-a-
kind academic title of Professor of The Art of Computer Programming, which has since been revised to
Professor Emeritus of The Art of Computer Programming.

Knuth was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1975. In 1992, he became an associate of the French
Academy of Sciences. Also that year, he retired from regular research and teaching at Stanford University in
order to finish The Art of Computer Programming. He was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society
(ForMemRS) in 2003.[2]

Knuth was elected as a Fellow (first class of Fellows) of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in
2009 for his outstanding contributions to mathematics.[37] He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of
Science and Letters.[38] In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.[39] Other awards
and honors include:

First ACM Grace Murray Hopper Award, 1971

Turing Award, 1974
Lester R. Ford Award, 1975[40] and 1993[41]
Josiah Willard Gibbs Lecturer, 1978[42][43]
National Medal of Science, 1979
Franklin Medal, 1988
John von Neumann Medal, 1995
Harvey Prize from the Technion, 1995[44]
Kyoto Prize, 1996
Fellow of the Computer History Museum "for his fundamental early work in the history of computing
algorithms, development of the TeX typesetting language, and for major contributions to mathematics
and computer science." 1998[1]
Katayanagi Prize, 2010[45]
BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in the category of Information and Communication
Technologies, 2010[46]
Turing Lecture, 2011
Stanford University School of Engineering Hero Award, 2011[47]

Publications
A short list of his publications include:[48]

The Art of Computer Programming:

1. (1997). "The Art of Computer Programming". 1: Fundamental Algorithms (3rd ed.). Addison-
Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-201-89683-4.
2. (1997). "The Art of Computer Programming". 2: Seminumerical Algorithms (3rd ed.). Addison-
Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-201-89684-2.
3. (1998). "The Art of Computer Programming". 3: Sorting and Searching (2nd ed.). Addison-
Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-201-89685-0.
4. (2011). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4A: Combinatorial Algorithms. Addison-Wesley
Professional. ISBN 0-201-03804-8.
 5. (2005). "MMIXA RISC Computer for the New Millennium". 1, Fascicle 1. ISBN 0-201-
85392-2.
6. (2008). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 0: Introduction to Combinatorial
Algorithms and Boolean Functions. ISBN 0-321-53496-4.
7. (2009). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 1: Bitwise Tricks & Techniques;
Binary Decision Diagrams. ISBN 0-321-58050-8.
8. (2005). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 2: Generating All Tuples and
Permutations. ISBN 0-201-85393-0.
9. (2005). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 3: Generating All Combinations and
Partitions. ISBN 0-201-85394-9.
10. (2006). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 4: Generating All TreesHistory of
Combinatorial Generation. ISBN 0-321-33570-8.
11. (2017). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 5: Mathematical Preliminaries Redux;
Backtracking; Dancing Links. ISBN 0-134-67179-1.
12. (2015). "The Art of Computer Programming". 4, Fascicle 6: Satisfiability. ISBN 0-134-39760-6.

Computers and Typesetting (all books are hardcover unless otherwise noted):

1. (1984). Computers & Typesetting. A, The TeXbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-
201-13447-0., x+483pp.
2. (1984). Computers & Typesetting. A, The TeXbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-
201-13448-9. (softcover).
3. (1986). Computers & Typesetting. B, TeX: The Program. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 0-201-13437-3., xviii+600pp.
4. (1986). Computers & Typesetting. C, The METAFONTbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 0-201-13445-4., xii+361pp.
5. (1986). Computers & Typesetting. C, The METAFONTbook. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
ISBN 0-201-13444-6. (softcover).
6. (1986). Computers & Typesetting. D, METAFONT: The Program. Reading, MA: Addison-
Wesley. ISBN 0-201-13438-1., xviii+566pp.
7. (1986). Computers & Typesetting. E, Computer Modern Typefaces. Reading, MA: Addison-
Wesley. ISBN 0-201-13446-2., xvi+588pp.
8. (2000). Computers & Typesetting. A-E Boxed Set. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-
73416-8.

Books of collected papers:

1. (1992). "Literate Programming". Lecture Notes (27). Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of
Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 0-937073-80-6.[49]
2. (1996). "Selected Papers on Computer Science". Lecture Notes (59). Stanford, CA: Center for
the Study of Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 1-881526-91-7.[50]
3. (1999). "Digital Typography". Lecture Notes (78). Stanford, CA: Center for the Study of
Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 1-57586-010-4.[51]
4. (2000). "Selected Papers on Analysis of Algorithms". Lecture Notes (102). Stanford, CA: Center
for the Study of Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 1-57586-212-3.[52]
5. (2003). "Selected Papers on Computer Languages" (cloth). Lecture Notes (139). Stanford, CA:
Center for the Study of Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 1-57586-381-2., ISBN 1-57586-382-0
(paperback)[53]
6. (2003). "Selected Papers on Discrete Mathematics" (cloth). Lecture Notes (106). Stanford, CA:
Center for the Study of Language and InformationCSLI. ISBN 1-57586-249-2., ISBN 1-57586-248-4
(paperback)[54]
7. Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms (Stanford, California: Center for the Study of
Language and InformationCSLI Lecture Notes, no. 191), 2010. ISBN 1-57586-583-1 (cloth), ISBN 1-
57586-582-3 (paperback)[55]
8. Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Fun and Games (Stanford, California: Center for the Study of
Language and InformationCSLI Lecture Notes, no. 192), 2011. ISBN 978-1-57586-585-0 (cloth),
ISBN 978-1-57586-584-3 (paperback)[56]
 9. Donald E. Knuth, Companion to the Papers of Donald Knuth (Stanford, California: Center for the Study
of Language and InformationCSLI Lecture Notes, no. 202), 2011. ISBN 978-1-57586-635-2 (cloth),
ISBN 978-1-57586-634-5 (paperback)[57]

Other books:

1. Graham, Ronald L; Knuth, Donald E.; Patashnik, Oren (1994). "Concrete mathematics: A foundation for
computer science" (Second ed.). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-201-55802-5. MR 1397498.
xiv+657 pp.
2. Knuth, Donald Ervin (1974). "Surreal numbers: how two ex-students turned on to pure mathematics and
found total happiness: a mathematical novelette". Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-03812-5.[19]
3. Donald E. Knuth, The Stanford GraphBase: A Platform for Combinatorial Computing (New York, ACM
Press) 1993. second paperback printing 2009. ISBN 0-321-60632-9
4. Donald E. Knuth, 3:16 Bible Texts Illuminated (Madison, Wisconsin: A-R Editions), 1990. ISBN 0-
89579-252-4
5. Donald E. Knuth, Things a Computer Scientist Rarely Talks About (Center for the Study of Language
and InformationCSLI Lecture Notes no 136), 2001. ISBN 1-57586-326-X
6. Donald E. Knuth, MMIXware: A RISC Computer for the Third Millennium (Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, no. 1750), 1999. viii+550pp. ISBN 978-3-540-66938-8
7. Donald E. Knuth and Silvio Levy, The CWEB System of Structured Documentation (Reading,
Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley), 1993. iv+227pp. ISBN 0-201-57569-8. Third printing 2001 with
hypertext support, ii + 237 pp.
8. Donald E. Knuth, Tracy L. Larrabee, and Paul M. Roberts, Mathematical Writing (Washington, D.C.:
Mathematical Association of America), 1989. ii+115pp
9. Daniel H. Greene and Donald E. Knuth, Mathematics for the Analysis of Algorithms (Boston:
Birkhuser), 1990. viii+132pp.
10. Donald E. Knuth, Mariages Stables: et leurs relations avec d'autres problmes combinatoires (Montral:
Les Presses de l'Universit de Montral), 1976. 106pp.
11. Donald E. Knuth, Axioms and Hulls (Heidelberg: Springer-VerlagLecture Notes in Computer Science,
no. 606), 1992. ix+109pp. ISBN 3-540-55611-7

Gallery
 Knuth, March 4, Knuth in front of Shustek, Russell, Alcorn, Knuth,
2005 statue St. Mesrop Wozniak, Mathews, Allen, CHM
Mashtots, 2011
Matenadaran,
Yerevan, Armenia,
June 9, 2006

Knuth and Steve Wozniak, CHM

2011

See also
Asymptotic notation
Attribute grammar
Dancing Links
KnuthBendix completion algorithm
KnuthMorrisPratt algorithm
Knuth -yllion
Knuth Prize
Knuth shuffle
Knuth's up-arrow notation
Man or boy test
RobinsonSchenstedKnuth correspondence
The Complexity of Songs
Trabb PardoKnuth algorithm
List of pioneers in computer science
List of science and religion scholars

References
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Computer History Museum. 2015. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
2. "Professor Donald Knuth ForMemRS" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151117113154/https://royalsociet
y.org/people/donald-knuth-11764/). London: Royal Society. Archived from the original (https://royalsoci
ety.org/people/donald-knuth-11764/) on 2015-11-17.
 3. Donald Knuth (https://www.genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=10416) at the Mathematics
Genealogy Project
4. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Frequently Asked Questions" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/faq.html). Home page.
Stanford University. Retrieved 2010-11-02.
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who Transformed the Internet (https://books.google.com/books?id=Pi79AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA61). Da
Capo Press, Incorporated. pp. 6162. ISBN 978-0-306-82166-0.
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2011.
9. History of Beta Nu Chapter. "Theta Chi" (http://greeklife.case.edu/org/thetachi/Our_History). CWRU.
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3846.cfm). ACM. 1974.
11. Knuth, Donald Ervin (1963). "Finite Semifields and Projective Planes" (http://thesis.library.caltech.edu/2
441/1/Knuth_de_1963.pdf) (PDF). CaltechPhD dissertation
12. "The Art of Computer Programming" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/taocp.html). Stanford University.
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2005-03-16.
14. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Curriculum vitae" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/vita.html). Stanford University.
15. Karp, Richard M. (February 1986). "Combinatorics, Complexity, and Randomness". Communications of
the ACM. New York, NY, USA: ACM. 29 (2): 98109. doi:10.1145/5657.5658 (https://doi.org/10.1145%
2F5657.5658).
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mios/fronteras/galardonados/2010/informacion.jsp). Retrieved October 15, 2016.
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html). Retrieved May 20, 2012.
18. Weinberger, Matt (26 April 2016). "Bill Gates once said 'definitely send me a rsum' if you finish this
fiendishly difficult book' " (http://www.businessinsider.com/bill-gates-loves-donald-knuth-the-art-of-com
puter-programming-2016-4). BusinessInsider.com. Retrieved 13 June 2016. ""If you think you're a really
good programmer read (Knuth's) Art of Computer Programming You should definitely send me a
rsum if you can read the whole thing," read a quote from Bill Gates on the cover of the third edition of
the first volume."
19. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Surreal numbers" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/sn.html). Home page.
20. Zeilberg. "DEK" (http://www.math.rutgers.edu/~zeilberg/DEK.html). Rutgers.
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29. Knuth, Donald Ervin (1980). (Ji suan ji cheng xu she ji ji qiao) [The Art of
Computer Programming]. Translated by Guan, JiWen; Su, Yunlin. Beijing: Defense Industry Publishing
Co. "I fondly hope that many Chinese computer programmers will learn to recognize my Chinese name
Gao Dena, which was given to me by Francis Yao just before I visited your country in 1977. I still have
very fond memories of that three-week visit, and I have been glad to see Gao Dena on the masthead of
the Journal of Computer Science and Technology since 1989. This name makes me feel close to all
Chinese people although I cannot speak your language."
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of Stories. April 2006. Retrieved May 2, 2012.
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mad033.html). Mad Magazine (33).
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uncement/), Zeeba TVvideo recording
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t.pdf) (PDF). TUGboat. 31 (2): 12124. ISSN 0896-3207 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0896-3207).
37. "Fellows" (http://fellows.siam.org/index.php?sort=year&value=2009). Siam. 2009.
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9/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116) (in Norwegian). Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. Archived
from the original (http://www.dnva.no/c26849/artikkel/vis.html?tid=40116) on November 10, 2013.
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retrieved 2013-01-27.
40. Knuth, D. E. (1974). "Computer science and its relation to mathematics" (http://www.maa.org/programs/
maa-awards/writing-awards/computer-science-and-its-relation-to-mathematics). Amer. Math. Monthly.
81: 323343. doi:10.2307/2318994 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2318994).
41. Knuth, D. E. (1992). "Two notes on notation" (http://www.maa.org/programs/maa-awards/writing-award
s/two-notes-on-notation). Amer. Math. Monthly. 99: 403422. arXiv:math/9205211 (https://arxiv.org/abs/
math/9205211) . doi:10.2307/2325085 (https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2325085).
42. "American Mathematical Society" (http://www.ams.org/meetings/lectures/meet-gibbs-lect). Retrieved
October 15, 2016.
43. Knuth, Donald E. (1979). "Mathematical typography". Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.). 1 (2): 337372.
MR 520078 (https://www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=520078). doi:10.1090/s0273-0979-1979-
14598-1 (https://doi.org/10.1090%2Fs0273-0979-1979-14598-1).
44. "Harvey" (http://www.admin.technion.ac.il/harvey/1995-2.html). IL: Technion. 1995.
45. "Katayanagi" (http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~katayanagi/). CMU.
46. Galardonados (2010). "Fronteras" (http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/tlfu/ing/microsites/premios/fronteras/galar
donados/2010/informacion.jsp) (in Spanish). ES: FBBVA.
47. Myers, Andrew (June 1, 2001). "Stanford's Don Knuth, a pioneering hero of computer programming" (htt
p://news.stanford.edu/news/2011/june/knuth-engineering-hero-060111.html). Stanford Report. Retrieved
June 27, 2011.
48. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Books" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/books.html). Home page (list).
49. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Literate Programming" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/lp.html). Home page.
50. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Computer Science" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/cs.html).
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51. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Digital Typography" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/dt.html). Home page.
52. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Analysis of Algorithms" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/aa.html).
Home page.
53. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Computer Languages" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/cl.html).
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54. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Discrete Mathematics" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/dm.html).
Home page.
 55. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/da.html).
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56. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Selected Papers on Fun and Games" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/fg.html). Home
page.
57. Knuth, Donald Ervin. "Companion to the Papers of Donald Knuth"]" (http://cs.stanford.edu/~uno/cp.htm
l). Home page.

Bibliography
Knuth, Donald Ervin. Home page. Stanford University.
Knuth, Donald Ervin. "The Art of Computer Programming (TAOCP)". Retrieved May 20, 2012.
Platoni, Kara; Archibald, Timothy (MayJune 2006). Love at First Byte. Stanford Magazine. Stanford
Alumni.

External links
Donald Knuth's home page at Stanford University.
Donald Knuth at DMOZ
"Donald E. Knuth". Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesotaoral history interview Knuth
discusses software patenting, structured programming, collaboration and his development of TeX.
Donald Knuth at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Donald Knuth", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive,
University of St Andrews.
Works by or about Donald Knuth in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
List of publications from Microsoft Academic Search
Donald E. Knuth at DBLP Bibliography Server
Interview at Stanford University "Donald Knuth All Questions Answered" on YouTube
Biography of Donald Knuth from the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Donald Ervin Knuth Stanford Lectures (Archive)

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