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68

Abstract A review of the practice of application for rehearing by a person other than those involved in
the case shows that Chinese courts do not accept the relativity principle of res judicata in legal prac-
tice Thereforeit can not be used as the basis for introducing the third party opposition proceedings
in Chinese civil procedure or treated as the starting point of an analysis of the qualification of plaintiff
in the third party opposition proceedings Although legislators hope to regulate malicious action and
fraudulent litigation through the third party opposition proceedingsit is more proper to define purpose
of third party opposition proceedings as to provide substantive relief to a third party who is adversely
affected by an effective judgment Accordinglythe requirements provided for by Article 56 Para-
graph 3 of Chinese Civil Procedural Law should be taken as essential requirements in considering the
qualification of the third party opposition proceedings whereas a less strict standard should be adopted
for the prerequisite provided for Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2 of Article 56 For a third party with in-
dependent claimthe standard of the plaintiff qualification could be defined as a person who claims
substantive rights in the object of litigation A less strict standard should be adopted for a third party
without independent claimto whom the limitative policy of the Supreme PeoplesCourt for the third
party is not applicable Considering the deferral of the theorya necessary co-plaintiff is not suitable
to be treated as qualified plaintiff in third party opposition proceedings As for a creditor suffering the
adverse effect of a valid judgmentthe better approach is to resort to the substantive law and to grant
him the qualification of plaintiff in third party opposition proceedings in accordance with to Article 58
of General Principles of the Civil Law and Article 52 or 74 of Contract Law
Key Words the third party opposition proceedingapplication for rehearing by a person other than
those involved in the casequalified plaintifflegislative purpose

68 2

167